text:
Talk:East German mark

The article claims: "Officially it was known as the Mark der DDR". Is this really true? I thought this was the name used in the west, whereas the official name was MDN (Mark der deutschen Notenbank). This is just my recollection from when a I made term paper on the Berlin crisis back in the mid sixties, so details might be wrong, but the currency name has certainly been used.

 * The official name of the Ostmark has changed a few times:

 * Deutsche Mark der Deutschen Notenbank (DM) (German Mark of the German Reserve Bank): 31 October 1951 - 31 Juli 1964
 * Mark der Deutschen Notenbank (MDN) (Mark of the German Reserve Bank): 1 August 1964 - 31 Dezember 1967
 * Mark der DDR (M) (Mark of the GDR): 1 Januar 1968 - 30 Juni 1990 --134.2.222.43 12:14, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

"Mark" or "mark"
I would like to know whether which usage is more correct: "East German Mark" or "East German mark". The latter would be standard English grammar, but the former would mix German grammar with English - especially given that unlike the relatively simple "Deutsche Mark" or "German mark", the most well-known official name of the East German currency was "Mark der DDR" or, "mark of the GDR". Alr 00:27, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, that is a good point. We could move the article to Mark der DDR, because that was what it was called - as displayed on the notes and coins. East German Mark is really for the benefit of English-speaking folks. What does everyone else think?? (RM21 02:24, 21 November 2006 (UTC))

 * I believe it should be East German mark per WikiProject Numismatics/Style, denominations shouldn't be capitalized. The move should be reverted, at least till a discussion happens.  Jo  e  I  03:11, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

 * What was concluded at Talk:German mark was that units in the article names remain lower case, while units in the articles are capitalized. I implemented the resolution long time ago, including all kinds of Thalers. Apparently, I missed this one. --ChoChoPK (球球PK) (talk | contrib) 05:38, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Hence "German mark" - lowercase? I'm going to move it to "East German mark" unless someone can provide a convincing reason not to. It's not a German phrase.  Pr oh ib it O ni o n s   (T) 07:44, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

 * In this case, I would prefer the article remaining true to the German language name, so Mark der DDR would be the preferred title. Or, you could take into account the German article title, which is Mark (DDR) (to differentiate it from the DM, I guess, I'm not sure why it was moved there). (RM21 16:16, 8 December 2006 (UTC))

 * "East German mark" would be more in keeping with WP:COMMON; very few people referred to it as "Mark der DDR" in English. I'll move it to the former title and you can start discussion about the latter if you want. Pro hib it O ni o ns  (T) 14:05, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

200 and 500 rarely used?
These two denominations were printed but were never put into circulation. They were not rarely but never used. I suppose to remove them from the currency info box.Timur lenk 08:02, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Right, this is probably a flaw of the infobox. --ChoChoPK (球球PK) (talk | contrib) 19:09, 21 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Can't you change that to 'Uncirculated'?? That is the correct status, because the notes were printed, but did not officially enter circulation, and are obviously part of the 1970s series of notes. (158.125.9.4 19:14, 23 November 2006 (UTC))
 * It's easier said than done. --ChoChoPK (球球PK) (talk | contrib) 03:16, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

200 and 500 pic
ill take a new one soon, i got to figure out how to turn off the flash, can someone make a box with info for them? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Sgt Simpson (talk • contribs) 05:01, 8 February 2007 (UTC).

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 06:52, 8 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1983-0408-104, Mark der DDR, 20 Mark, Gedenkmünze.jpg

title: Talk:East German mark


text:
Robert de Baudricourt

Robert de Baudricourt (ca. 1400-1454), Seigneur de Baudricourt, Blaise, Buxy and Sorcy was a minor figure of 15th century French nobility. The son of the Chamberlain of the Duke of Bar, his principal claim to fame is to have been the first stepping stone to the noble life of Joan of Arc.

In 1429, Robert de Baudricourt's only title was captain of the royal garrison at Vaucouleurs. It was to him that Joan of Arc appealed to provide an escort to the court of Charles Valois, Dauphin of France. Initially, Baudricourt simply did not take the sixteen-year-old peasant girl seriously, but since Vaucouleurs was not a large town, he could hardly avoid her. Having cornered him in a public place, she began to lecture everyone present, holding them spellbound, and putting public pressure on Baudricourt to assist her. Finally, he relented, and provided an escort to visit the Dauphin.

Baudricourt advanced during the war against the English and over the rest of his career, rising to squire, then knight, and finally was made a lord.

In popular culture
He is played by George Coulouris in the 1948 film Joan of Arc, and by Maury Chaykin in the 1999 miniseries Joan of Arc.

Family
He married Arléarde de Chambley and his son Jean de Baudricourt was Marshal of France.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Robert de Baudricourt


text:
Talk:Inaccessible Island

Species
The following paragraph appears in the article:

In addition, 64 native plant species and 48 native invertebrate species have been introduced to the island, some of which were introduced.

Are they native - or have they been introduced?
 * From : "There are 64 native plant species including 20 endemic flowering plants and 17 endemic ferns.... There are 48 native invertebrate species, 10 of which were introduced to the island." The part about the invertebrates is still somewhat confusing to me, though... --Idont Havaname 02:25, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Why?
Nothing is said in the article about why the interior is so difficult to reach. Is it the terrain, or is it heavily forested, or what? Rojomoke 11:51, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

"Yeast and possum farm"?
I'm assuming this is some kind of vandalism, but going back through previous edits, it's been there a while, evolving from just 'a farm' to 'a yeast and bear farm', and now 'a yeast and possum farm'. Any ideas..? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.97.113.168 (talk) 04:46, 28 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, it looked vandalistic. I removed it. Sabine's Sunbird  talk  22:20, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

Move
I moved this page back to Inaccessible Island from Inaccessible Island, Tristan da Cunha as it is the main meaning of the name. and the others are scatterings of Antarctic rocks. the dab page is now at Inaccessible Island (disambiguation). Sabine's Sunbird  talk  22:20, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved - reverting unexplained, incorrect move. ukexpat (talk) 01:25, 3 February 2012 (UTC)

Inaccessible island → Inaccessible Island – The page was moved here to a form with "island" in lower case. That was incorrect - Inaccessible Island is its proper name. Ghmyrtle (talk) 12:00, 2 February 2012 (UTC)

 * I agree. I don't understand why the person moved it to "island". Please can someone change it back? David (talk) 13:07, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Probably incompetence or vandalism. The user who did it doesn't seem to have a good track record.  Ghmyrtle (talk) 13:46, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes I thought that at the time. David (talk) 14:02, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

To WikiProject World Heritage Sites
Please see Talk on Gough Island as I've move the UNESCO WHS stuff to the Gough and Inaccessible Islands page.Pingu7931 (talk) 21:55, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

House / structure on the island?
In the Google Maps satellite imagery of Inaccessible Island, a structure can be seen in the northwest section of the island. Someone has also uploaded a photo of the structure (taken from a boat) to Google Maps, and an "unnamed road" leads from it to the shore which is labeled as "Port?". It would be interesting to include in the article what this "only structure on the island" is - It's too modern to have anything to do with the Glass Family or the Stoltenhoff's, but maybe the 1982 Denstone College (or other) research? Or a "port" / storage building built by Tristan Islanders? BluDevil90 (talk) 08:02, 7 December 2015 (UTC)

Numbers Problem
In Shipwrecks: "All but two of those aboard survived the shipwreck." and "The first attempt to sail to Tristan failed, resulting in the loss of six people;" Where did the additional 4 people, plus those that waged the second attempt, come from? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.114.36.195 (talk) 04:21, 6 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Inaccessible Island


text:
Claudia Lonow

Claudia Lonow (born January 26, 1963) is an American actress, comedian, television writer, and producer. She is best known for her portrayal of Diana Fairgate on Knots Landing (1979-1984, 1993).

Early life and education
Lonow was born Claudia Rapaport in New York City to mother JoAnne Astrow and father David Rapaport, a radio executive who was the general manager of the All-Disco format at New York radio station WKTU Disco 92. She has two younger half-brothers: Eric Rapaport, a doctor, and Michael Rapaport, a film and television actor. Her stepfather is comic Mark Lonow, who owned The Improv with Budd Friedman. She took his surname. Lonow is Jewish and grew up in a Jewish family.

Lonow graduated from Beverly Hills High School.

Actor
Lonow is known for her role as Diana Fairgate on the CBS series Knots Landing, in which she appeared from 1979 to 1984 and again in 1993. She reprised her role in the 1997 reunion miniseries Knots Landing: Back to the Cul-de-Sac. She guest starred on Fantasy Island, The Love Boat and Hotel.

Writer and producer
Lonow's behind-the-scenes career took off with her creation, co-production and writing of Rude Awakening, a television series which aired on Showtime from 1998–2001 and starred actresses Sherilyn Fenn and Rain Pryor. Lonow also created, wrote and produced the comedy series Good Girls Don't.

Lonow held writing and consulting producer credits on the TV series Less Than Perfect. She also wrote and co-executive produced the FOX series The War at Home and CBS's Accidentally on Purpose.

In 2012, she created, wrote and produced the ABC sitcom How to Live with Your Parents (for the Rest of Your Life) starring Sarah Chalke, Brad Garrett, and Elizabeth Perkins.

Personal life
Lonow has a daughter, Isabella Roland.

Filmography

 * 1996: Don't Quit Your Day Job (Video Game) – writer
 * 1997: The New Adventures of Robin Hood (TV Series) – writer (1 episode)
 * 1998-2001: Rude Awakening (TV Series) – Executive producer (47 episodes); Co-executive producer (8 episodes), Creator (55 episodes); Writer (13 episodes)
 * 2003: Regular Joe (TV Series) – Creative consultant (1 episode)
 * 2003-2006: Less than Perfect (TV Series) – Consulting producer (49 episodes); Writer (2 episodes); Consultant (12 episodes)
 * 2004: Good Girls Don't... (TV Series) – Executive producer, Creator (8 episodes)
 * 2006: Flirt (TV Movie) – Executive producer
 * 2006-2007: The War at Home (TV Series) – Co-executive producer (32 episodes); Writer (3 episodes); Teleplay by (1 episode)
 * 2008: Cashmere Mafia (TV Series) – Consulting producer (6 episodes); Writer (1 episode)
 * 2009: Surviving Suburbia (TV Series) – writer (3 episodes)
 * 2009-2010: Accidentally on Purpose (TV Series) – Executive producer (16 episodes); Creator (8 episodes); Writer (4 episodes)
 * 2010: Iris Expanding (TV Movie) – Executive producer
 * 2011: Friends with Benefits (TV Series) – Co-executive producer (11 episodes); Writer (1 episode)
 * 2012: Work It (TV Series) – Co-executive producer (1 episode); Writer (2 episodes)
 * 2012: Counter Culture (TV Movie) – Executive producer
 * 2013: How to Live with Your Parents (For the Rest of Your Life) (For the Rest of Your Life) (TV Series) – Executive producer (5 episodes); Creator (13 episodes); Writer (3 episodes)
 * 2013-2014: Sean Saves the World (TV Series) – writer (2 episodes)
 * 2015: Bummed (Short) – Co-writer, Director
 * 2016: Comedy Central Sit N Spin (TV Series) – writer (1 episode)
 * 2016: Crowded (TV Series) – Consulting producer (12 episodes); Writer (1 episode)

 * Actor
 * 1979: The Mary Tyler Moore Hour (TV Series) – Mary Ellen in Mary's Goddaughter, Episode #1.6 (1979)
 * 1979-1984, 1993: Knots Landing (TV Series) – Diana Fairgate / Diana (81 episodes)
 * 1982: Drop-Out Father (TV Movie) – Peggy McCall
 * 1982: Fantasy Island (TV Series) – Taylor in Legends/The Perfect Gentleman (1982)
 * 1982: Wacko – Pam Graves
 * 1983: The Love Boat (TV Series) – Suzie Scott in The Zinging Valentine/The Very Temporary Secretary/Final Score (1983)
 * 1987: Hotel (TV Series) – Hayley Cole in Fast Forward (1987)
 * 1987, 1989: Duet (TV Series) – Ms. Taylor in I Never Played for My Father: Part 2 (1987); Carol in Too Many Cooks (1989)
 * 1990: Thanksgiving Day (TV Movie) – Toni
 * 1990: Eating – Party Guest
 * 1994: Beverly Hills, 90210 (TV Series) – Hairdresser in What I Did on My Summer Vacation and Other Stories (1994)
 * 1996: Don't Quit Your Day Job (Video Game) – Shirly Felcker
 * 1997: 7th Heaven (TV Series) – Waitress in America's Most Wanted (1997)
 * 1997: Knots Landing: Back to the Cul-de-Sac (TV Mini-Series) – Diana Fairgate
 * 2001: Rude Awakening (TV Series) – Linda in Altar Ego (2001)

title: Claudia Lonow


text:
Talk:Sui generis

Databases
I don't think databases qualify as "a small class of works". —Preceding unsigned comment added by User: (talk • contribs)

pronunciation
some guidance on this page for pronunciation would be great :) I would do it, but I don't know how to pronounce it. On the other hand, perhaps it is subject to regional variation which is usually simply split between the US and other English speaking nations, so it would be good to have both. On the other hand, it isn't even English, so

i added the 'official' British English pronounciation

As it's latin, I do think the correct pronunciation is "sew-i generis" as opposed to "swee". The "sew" is pronounced the same as the name Sue. The generis part is easy - just pronounce each letter, as in "jeneris".

Many of us have not been so fortunate as to have obtained higher education and so must take our education where we can find it. Wikipedia is one of those places. The "pronunciation guide" left me more confused then when I started reading. I'm guessing something along the lines of "swee john-a-ree" but I could be off by miles.

 * Indeed there seems to be some confusion on Latin pronounciation. Latin is a language that didn't change in the last 1600 years, so there cannot be any American or British pronounciation.

The Latin pronounciation of "g" is always like in "good" and not like in "general". However, the expression was popularised in the English language, and therefore commonly used with English pronounciation. I suggest this be clarified on the page. Tang Wenlong (talk) 18:18, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Meaning
It's correct definition is "of its own kind; unlike anything else".

Sui generis and SCN?
Hi!

At present, the European Union is quite unique as an organisation, as currently no other inter-state body matches its level of integration, yet shares its diffusion of sovereignty.

However, if the proposed South American Community of Nations develops as proposed (which is not exactly a sure thing, it must be said) would the Sui generis term be less valid when referrign to the EU, or would any deviance between a developed SCN and EU still allow for the term to be valid?

--Nerroth 10:59, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I am sorry to say that I do not understand the question. Can you ask it another way please. David91 12:57, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't think one should apply the term to the EU. The idea that you can describe it as being "somewhere between" two other things contradicts that it is unique in its characteristics. The EU is a blend of other things. Just being different is not sui generis.

 * I think the EU is at the moment a historically unique body; but time will tell whether it remains the sole example of its kind, or if it is the harbinger of a new type of entity. SACN, AU (African Union), etc., cannot be remotely compared to the EU in its current state, but may well develop to a similar level of integration in due course. Now, if that happens, it would then be reasonable to ask how similar or different they are in their structure to the EU -- certainly, their current plans are heavily EU-influenced, but we will have to see what happens in practice -- and, if they turn out to have sufficiently similar institutional structures to the EU, we might be justified in saying that the EU is no longer sui generis at all, but just the first member of a class of EU-like entities ("continental unions", maybe?) But the answer to that question is probably several decades hence -- until then, its just navel gazing. --SJK (talk) 11:49, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

usage
This phrase seems to be getting more use lately. I think I first noticed someone use it about 2 years ago and now I hear it quite often. Does anyone know how or why it has been re-injected into the vernacular?

The reason I think is that the Sui Generis organization is being a little more vocal of late. I did actually add an addition to the page, but it was deleted, probably because mine was the only source of it. I'm trying to get more sources to validate it. I know it to be true because I'm a member of it. It's been around for a while, and is a very good thing. I would add that anything to be purporting to be Sui Generis in this manner on the web isn't anything to do with it. Nor are any companies with the name related.

taxonomy example
Homo sapiens are sui generis in the animal kingdom.

Usage/Context
The expression was used by Duke University for the 2000-01 academic year in its Student Brochure. It was like, "Duke University.......Sui Generis (Altogether Unique)" —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 59.176.20.228 (talk) 18:00, 26 January 2007 (UTC).

In the interest of plain speaking
Is there some reason why the lead avoids using the common phrase, "in a class of its own?" Baon 05:52, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Probably because it is more vague or less clear. I mean, if someone says something is "in a class of its own", do they mean to say it is so unique that it cannot be classified into other classes (i.e. sui generis)? Or is this some kind of vague advertising claim, like how a prestige car manufacturer might claim that their new car is "in a class of its own"? That new car model may well be in a "class of its own", but you probably wouldn't call it sui generis. The problem with native English phrases is they are more prone to abuse by advertisers and the uninformed, and hence their clarity of meaning suffers -- whereas Latin borrowings (especially the less common ones) are far less likely to be used improperly or by those who don't really understand them, and thus the clarity of their meaning is preserved. --SJK (talk) 11:45, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

Biblical Use
I know it's used to describe the genre of the gospels in the New Testament (as in, "The Gospels are sui generis as a genre."), as they are unlike other biographies in their basic nature and purpose, and unlike any other genre within Christian scripture. I'll let anyone inclined to include this in the article arue it out with the anti-religious or anti-(for whatever reason) people whether this should be included or not. Will look for references in the meantime. 61.77.135.17 (talk) 07:59, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

Cut the trivia section.
You can call it "examples in media" or whatnot in you want, but it's still a trivia section. The article is more than adequate without referencing Meryl Streep in The Devil Wears Prada. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.129.135.114 (talk) 14:35, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

Sui generis decisions
In the EU law there exists a relatively significant category of decisions that are not per se regulated by the treaties, namely, sui generis decisions. They have been a subject of some academical interest as of late. Based on the European Court of Justice's decisions (e.g. Case C-370/07) these decisions have now an official position within EU law. Within the mentioned decision ECJ concludes:

 * "The Council contends, as its principal argument, that, in the present case, it was not required to state the legal basis of the contested decision inasmuch as the latter is a sui generis decision, designated in German by the term ‘Beschluß’, adopted by the Council in the context of the Community’s external relations, in accordance with the second subparagraph of Article 300(2) EC. That decision, it argues, must be distinguished from the decision designated by the German word ‘Entscheidung’ and referred to in Articles 249 EC and 253 EC."

And it continues by mentioning the special character of these decision by stating:

 * "The Council explains that, since the contested decision affects only relations between the Community and the Member States and inter-institutional relations, and as it therefore has no effect on the legal rights and obligations of third parties, such as individuals or companies, the obligation to state reasons serves no purpose since that decision is addressed only to the parties which participated in its adoption. In the same way as the Court found in the AETR judgment, which concerned ‘negotiations by the Council’ for the purpose of concluding an international agreement, the contested decision in the present case is a ‘Beschluß’ and, as such, does not appear on the exhaustive list of measures for which reasons must be given."

Hence, I do think that this particular kind of decision-making procedure ought to be mentioned as part of definition of sui generis (or there should be a separate entry for it). --78.27.66.123 (talk) 06:30, 17 November 2010 (UTC)

Meaning in the context of town planning
The section on town planning does not actually explain the meaning of the term in that context. The section begins: "In British town planning law, many common types of land use are classified in "Use Classes". Change of use of land within a Use Class does not require planning permission; however, changing between certain Use Classes requires planning permission." This text reads as a preamble for an explanation, but the explanation never comes. Instead, some examples are presented, making it clear that the author thinks the above text is an explanation. Rdanbury (talk) 09:04, 10 June 2012 (UTC)rdanbury

This section is confusing and seems to be completely at odds with the current legislation. See the summary in Standard Note SN/SC/1301 6 May 2014

[Quote} Not every use of building is put into a use class under this legislation. Examples of these are theatres, hostels providing no significant element of care, scrap yards, petrol stations, nightclubs, launderettes, taxi businesses, amusement centres and casinos. If a building or business is “sui generis” i.e., not in a particular category, or the new use is “sui generis”, then there will need to be a planning application to change the use under the procedures set out in the Town and Country Planning Act 1990. Being sui generis does not preclude a change of use, it just means that a planning application has to be made so that the local planning authority can consider the implications of change of use in detail. [Unquote] — Preceding unsigned comment added by 31.53.37.40 (talk) 11:49, 9 June 2014 (UTC)

the lead paragraph...
should probably not be a list.--345Kai (talk) 04:33, 5 May 2013 (UTC)

Comment
This can also be related to The Sui Generist Mind. The structure of the brain within non-neurotypical and neurotypical processes are inherently different. (ed. This sentence does not make sense. Agreement is incorrect, but more significantly, what is meant by saying the structure of the brain WITHIN these functions?  Is this a translation error or a conceptual difference of importance that is inadequately explained?)

 * This comment was on the main article, so I moved it to the talk page. I do not have the expertise to deal with it. Many thanks. Jamesx12345 13:58, 26 July 2013 (UTC)

Intellectual Property Law
It seems somewhat awkward to have different bullets for law and IP law, as I think the intellectual property usage is just another angle of "unique in its kind" law. Sui generis legislation for intellectual property isn't that different from sui generis cases or authority.

Tentative rewording:
 * law, when a special and unique interpretation of a case or authority is found to be necessary, or when unique qualities or facts warrant idiosyncratic legislative treatment;

Arttechlaw (talk) 22:53, 18 October 2013 (UTC)

Added trade secret to list of common IP types. Poor trade secret is always left out from all the fun parties. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.159.199.114 (talk) 21:43, 27 January 2015 (UTC)

Nature of "or" in Law/Statutory
A problem exists in the clause a conjunctive (X 'and' Y) intention to the legislature even though the list is disjunctive (X 'or' Y)

Legalese assumes the word "or" to be inclusive, that is "A or B or BOTH", from http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/OR: ''conj. either; in the alternative.'' The boolean exclusive sense "XOR" is rendered "A or B but not BOTH".

So the entire sentence here is senseless as it stands; and if one corrects it, there is no need for this example. Actually, the entire paragraph is unlikely to be useful, it's a bad example. The conjunction "and" used here in its boolean sense does not, per se, introduce vagueness. We could usefully choose a different example in the first para, which may well eliminate the need for misusing the word "or". One notes that the word "unlawful" is not capable of misinterpetation, it has no ambiguity. Of course, coupled with "malicious" in certain ways, there is room for debate: but the use of "and" notes solely that the action was primarily against the law, and secondarily it was done in order to harm some thing or person. Now if the conjunction "or" had been used... 124.148.89.144 (talk) 06:07, 13 December 2015 (UTC)

I've changed it. 124.148.89.144 (talk) 04:11, 14 December 2015 (UTC)

Confusing double negative
Under the Sociology heading the second sentence reads:

"It is not something that is not thought to have been created because it is imbedded in everyone's way of thinking and being."

The use of the double negative here is confusing and awkward I think. Does this mean "It is something that is thought to have been created...?" — Preceding unsigned comment added by Whimsycrat (talk • contribs) 18:41, 15 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sui generis


text:
Baudricourt

Baudricourt is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

Baudricourt is on the Cochon river, a left tributary of the Val d'Arol.

History
The name Baldrici curtis is attested as early as the 10th century. The erection of the marquisate of Baudricourt in 1719 had the effect of changing the name of the village which was called Saint-Menge until 1766.

In July 1767 letters patent of Louis XV allowed that the name of Bassompierre be attributed to the seigniory of Baudricourt. Finally, (after the French Revolution the municipality takes again its current name in 1790.

Baudricourt belonged to the bailliage of Mirecourt. Its church, dedicated to Saint Remi, was in from the diocese of Toul, deanery of Porsas. The cure was at the collation of the chapter of Remiremont et au concours.

Baudricourt belonged to the canton of Rouvres-en-Xaintois from 1793 to 1801, then to the canton of Vittel until 1806, and finally, to that of Mirecourt as today.

Heraldry
A coat of arms with gold on a lion creeping with sand, armed, and crowned Gules. This is the coat of arms of the lords of Baudricourt. When the old barony was erected as a marquisate in 1719, it took the name and arms (three chevrons Gules on field of silver) of the Bassompierre. Today, the commune has taken over the arms of its former lords

Notable people

 * Robert de Baudricourt, captain of Vaucouleurs and character of the epic of Joan of Arc
 * Jean de Baudricourt, Marshal of France at the end of the 15th century.

title: Baudricourt


text:
Florence Halop

Florence Halop (January 23, 1923 – July 15, 1986) was an American actress. Best known for her roles as surly patient Mrs. Hufnagel on the drama St. Elsewhere and the raspy-voiced bailiff Florence Kleiner on the sitcom Night Court. Halop was the sister of Billy Halop, one of the original Dead End/East Side Kids.

Early years
Halop was from a theatrical family. She was born in Jamaica, New York. Her mother was a dancer. She had two brothers: Billy Halop, was an actor who worked on radio, in films, and in television, and Joel Tucker Halop (1934-2006).

Radio
An item in a 1931 newspaper reported that Halop was "the youngest star of the National Broadcasting Company -- only 7 and broadcasting for the last three years." She first appeared on Coast-to-Coast on a Bus. Later, she was heard on Wheatenaville. Halop was the second of many to play Miss Duffy, the owner's man-crazy daughter in Duffy's Tavern. She was Hot Breath Houlihan on The Jimmy Durante Show.

Television
Halop transitioned to television in the early 1950s with a role in the series Meet Millie. After the series ended in 1956, Halop guest starred on various television series during the late 1950s and 1960s including roles in Playhouse 90, Going My Way, and I Spy. Between 1976 and 1982, she guested six times on the TV series Barney Miller, each time playing a different character. In 1984, she had a guest stint on St. Elsewhere. Halop's character, Mrs. Hufnagel, was originally intended to be a one-episode spot, but her role was so well received the writers found a way to get her into 17 more episodes over the course of the season.

In 1985, Halop succeeded Selma Diamond as a bailiff on Night Court after Diamond's death from lung cancer. Halop, who was also a heavy smoker, had similarly developed lung cancer and died during the series run. She was replaced on Night Court by Marsha Warfield, who played Roz Russell until the series ended in 1992.

Family
Halop was married to George Gruskin, who died in 1976. They were the parents of two daughters, Georgeanna and Benita.

title: Florence Halop


text:
Commissioner for Tourism

The commissioner for tourism heads the Tourism Commission of the Hong Kong Government, which reports to Economic Development Branch of the Commerce and Economic Development Bureau. The Travel Agents Registry is part of the commission.

List of commissioners for tourism

 * Michael Rowse (May 1999–October 2000)
 * Rebecca Lai (7 December 2000 - 200?)
 * Eva Cheng (200?–2007)
 * Margaret Fong (2007–2009)
 * Philip Yung (2009–?)
 * Cathy Chu (2014-2018)
 * Vivian Sum (Present)

title: Commissioner for Tourism


text:
Second Gladstone ministry

After campaigning against the foreign policy of the Beaconsfield ministry, William Gladstone led the Liberal Party to victory in the 1880 general election. The nominal leader of the Party, Lord Hartington, resigned in Gladstone's favour and Gladstone was appointed Prime Minister of the United Kingdom for a second time by Queen Victoria. He pursued a policy of parliamentary reform, but his government became wildly unpopular after the death of General Gordon in 1885. Gladstone was held responsible, and resigned, leaving the way free for the Conservatives under Lord Salisbury to form a government.

Cabinet; April 1880 – June 1885

†Created Earl of Selborne in 1882.

Changes

 * May 1881: The Lord Carlingford succeeds the Duke of Argyll as Lord Privy Seal.
 * April 1882: The Earl Spencer becomes Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, but retains his seat in the cabinet and his position as Lord President.
 * May 1882: William Edward Forster resigns as Chief Secretary for Ireland. His successor is not in the cabinet.
 * July 1882: The Earl of Kimberley succeeds John Bright as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster remaining also Colonial Secretary.
 * December 1882: Hugh Childers succeeds William Gladstone as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Lord Hartington succeeds Childers as Secretary for War. Kimberley succeeds Hartington as Secretary for India. The Earl of Derby succeeds Kimberley as Colonial Secretary. John George Dodson succeeds Kimberley as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Sir Charles Dilke succeeds Dodson as President of the Local Government Board.
 * March 1883: Carlingford succeeds Spencer as Lord President, remaining also Lord Privy Seal. Spencer remains in the Cabinet as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
 * October 1884: George Otto Trevelyan succeeds Dodson as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.
 * March 1885: The Earl of Rosebery succeeds Carlingford as Lord Privy Seal. Carlingford remains Lord President. George John Shaw-Lefevre enters the cabinet as Postmaster-General.

List of ministers
Cabinet members are listed in bold face.

 * Notes

title: Second Gladstone ministry


text:
Talk:Black River, Jamaica

Questions
What's wrong with this article???

People who are researching Jamaica for a project have no idea how long the black river is or stuff like that!! this is just tourist information. Facts about the river are more useful for students.

Well, I hope this is a little better.Harrypotter 13:55, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

Article split
I've taken the initiative to split the section of the river to Black River (Jamaica). The name of the river article is consistent with the names of the other Black Rivers pages listed at Black River. Bith articles still need a lot of work, but this is a start. - BillCJ 00:43, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Black River, Jamaica


text:
InvestHK

Invest Hong Kong is the department of the Hong Kong SAR Government responsible for Foreign Direct Investment, supporting overseas businesses to set up and expand in Hong Kong. Founded on 1 July 2000, its first Director General was Michael Rowse.

The Investment Officers are organized into nine specialist sector teams covering Hong Kong's four pillar industries and six new growth sectors: Business & Professional Services, Consumer Products, Creative Industries, Financial Services, FinTech, Information & Communications Technology, Innovation & Technology, Tourism & Transport, and hospitality, Infrastructure & Advanced Manufacturing.

Invest HK is headed by the Director-General of Investment Promotion who reports to the Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development.

Director-General of Investment Promotion
The current Director-General of Investment Promotion is Alpha Lau (Chinese: 劉凱旋).

Stephen Phillips
The former Director-General of Investment Promotion was Stephen Phillips. In August 2022, Phillips went to Australia and New Zealand to market Hong Kong's business attractions. In November 2022, despite the 0+3 restrictions for inbound travelers, Phillips said that "Hong Kong is well and truly back open for business."

In March 2022, Phillips claimed that the National Security Law was not a big concern for companies while investing in Hong Kong.

Hong Kong FinTech Week
Hong Kong FinTech Week is an international fintech event, organized by Investhk; It is held in Hong Kong (and Shenzhen).

Hong Kong FinTech Week brings together fintech communities from the East and the West that seek to expand their businesses to Hong Kong, mainland China and the Asia-Pacific region.

Gay Games
In September 2023, SCMP reported that although Invest HK was a sponsor of the 2023 Gay Games, it had not provided support to the event.

title: InvestHK


text:
Great Pumpkin

The Great Pumpkin is an unseen character in the comic strip Peanuts by Charles M. Schulz. According to Linus van Pelt, the Great Pumpkin is a legendary personality who rises from the pumpkin patch on Halloween carrying a large bag of toys to deliver to believing children. Linus continues to maintain faith in the Great Pumpkin, despite his friends' mockery and disbelief.

The Great Pumpkin was first introduced in the strip dated October 26, 1959, and Schulz subsequently reworked the premise many times throughout the run of Peanuts, notably inspiring the 1966 animated television special It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown.

While Schulz usually avoided outright politics, he enjoyed his Great Pumpkin strips and incorporating religious references in many comics and animated cartoons.

Premise
Each year Linus awaits the arrival of the Great Pumpkin in a pumpkin patch deemed most sincere and lacking in hypocrisy. The following morning, each year, an embarrassed yet undefeated Linus vows to wait for the Great Pumpkin again next Halloween. Linus acknowledges the similarities between the Great Pumpkin and Santa Claus (in the television special, Linus writes to the Great Pumpkin that Santa Claus has better publicity). Charlie Brown attributes Linus's belief in the Great Pumpkin to "denominational differences."

In the comic strip dated October 25, 1961, Linus explains: "There are three things I have learned never to discuss with people: religion, politics, and the Great Pumpkin." A few days later, Linus claims previously reported official sightings of the Great Pumpkin in Connecticut and Texas, and Charlie Brown hears of a sighting in New Jersey.

Linus remains faithful to the Great Pumpkin, even devising a Great Pumpkin Newsletter in comic strips dated October 1998.

Religious metaphors
The Great Pumpkin has been cited as a symbol of strong faith and foolish faith, leading to vastly different interpretations of creator Charles Schulz's own faith. As described in the book on Schulz's religious views, A Charlie Brown Religion, Schulz's views were very personal and often misinterpreted. Linus' seemingly unshakable belief in the Great Pumpkin, and his desire to foster the same belief in others, has been interpreted as a parody of Christian evangelism by some observers. Others have seen Linus' belief in the Great Pumpkin as symbolic of the struggles faced by anyone with beliefs or practices that are not shared by the majority. Still others view Linus' lonely vigils, in the service of a being that may or may not exist and which never makes its presence known in any case, as a metaphor for mankind's basic existential dilemmas.

Schulz himself, however, claimed no motivation beyond the humor of having one of his young characters confuse Halloween with Christmas. In the 1959 sequence of strips in which the Great Pumpkin is first mentioned, for instance, Schulz also has Linus suggest that he and the other kids "go out and sing pumpkin carols", something which he also asks the trick-or-treating kids in the special itself.

In animated adaptations
After the Great Pumpkin formed the central premise of the 1966 television special, later television specials would also reference the character. These included You're Not Elected, Charlie Brown (1972) when Linus almost blows his chances in a school election; It's the Easter Beagle, Charlie Brown (1974) in which Sally cites her previous experience with the non-appearance of the Great Pumpkin; and You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown (1975), wherein Linus enters the pumpkin patch with Charlie Brown, who gets teased as being the Great Pumpkin. The Peanuts Movie (2015) also namedrops the character, when Linus says he hopes the new kid in town (later revealed as the Little Red-Haired Girl) might be willing to believe in the Great Pumpkin.

Dee Andros
College football coach Dee Andros (1924–2003), was known by the nickname "The Great Pumpkin" as head coach (1965–75) and athletic director (1976–85) at Oregon State University in Corvallis.

As the head coach of the orange and black Beavers, Andros had a round physique and often wore an orange windbreaker. He was first dubbed with the nickname in 1966 by a member of the Spokane press on Halloween weekend in Pullman, Washington, as his OSU team routed host Washington State's Cougars, 41–13.

Braniff Airways
In the late 1970s, Braniff Airways painted its fleet in bright colors, for visual appeal and marketability. The airline's first 747-100 airliners were delivered painted in a striking shade of orange, causing several air traffic control centers across the US to welcome the new Braniff acquisitions with the phrase "Welcome, Great Pumpkin". The 1973 Petersen Publications annual, Air Progress: World's Greatest Aircraft, had its chapter devoted to the 747 headed "The Great Pumpkin Lives!"

BNSF Railway
In 1996, Burlington Northern SD60M #9297 (renumbered 8197 in 2008, renumbered 1474 in 2014) was jokingly dubbed the "Great Pumpkin" by employees because of its bold orange paint scheme, one of many prototype paint designs created by the then newly formed Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway (BNSF), a merger of Burlington Northern and the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway (Santa Fe). This scheme eventually became the basis for BNSF's "Heritage I" paint design, while the "Great Pumpkin" nickname has stuck among railfans for this particular locomotive.

The Simpsons
In the opening cameo of "Treehouse of Horror II" the Peanuts gang in Halloween costumes are passing in front of the Simpson house. The final segment of "Treehouse of Horror XIX" (the fourth episode of the twentieth season of The Simpsons), called "It's the Grand Pumpkin, Milhouse", is a parody of It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown and contains numerous references to the Peanuts characters, including the Great Pumpkin appearing as the Grand Pumpkin (voiced by Hank Azaria). Milhouse Van Houten wears the same clothes and plays the same role as Linus van Pelt. Lisa Simpson is modeled after Sally Brown, and Bart is patterned after Charlie Brown (even saying "Good grief!" at one point). A redesigned version of Santa's Little Helper can be seen sleeping atop his dog house a la Snoopy, while Homer is seen sleeping on top of the family house in a similar manner.

When Marge first speaks, her voice is replaced with a muted trombone sound, a parody of the "wah wah wah" voice that is used for adults in all Peanuts specials. The dance scene during the Halloween party is a parody of the dance scene in A Charlie Brown Christmas right down to Kang and Kodos in a nonspeaking cameo as the twins "3 and 4". Parts of the segment had music by Vince Guaraldi (best known for composing music for animated adaptations of the Peanuts comic strip), which they had obtained the rights to use.

Robot Chicken
A sketch in the episode "Vegetable Funfest" of the stop-motion parody show Robot Chicken featured a Peanuts parody in which Linus tires of never seeing the Great Pumpkin. He conducts a magical ritual involving burning a chicken in a pentagram to summon the entity, which is revealed to be Lovecraftian in nature, feeding on children. The Great Pumpkin murders Linus and proceeds to stalk the other characters with similar intentions. Charlie Brown is saved by the similarly demonic Kite-Eating Tree, which consumes the Pumpkin. Charlie Brown declares that his deceased friends can now rest in peace. The murdered characters are then shown in Hell dancing with the devil as Schroeder plays his piano.

Italy and the "Great Watermelon"
When the Peanuts strip was first introduced in Italy, Halloween was almost unknown there as a festivity. The earlier translations turned the pumpkin into a watermelon ("Il Grande Cocomero") because it was felt to be a more Mediterranean fruit-figure and its name sounded better. The intentional mistranslation somehow stuck in Italian pop culture, and was kept in all subsequent translations. There was also a movie named after Il grande cocomero in 1993, directed by Francesca Archibugi.

Dan Johnson
The Major League Baseball player Dan Johnson is nicknamed "The Great Pumpkin" due to his orange-red beard and his notable late-season/autumn performance. Johnson was called to the majors late in three separate seasons (2008, 2010, 2011), and subsequently hit clutch home runs that propelled his team into the playoffs.

Wizard of Id
On October 30, 2015, the Wizard of Id comic strip made a tribute to Linus and the Great Pumpkin. The wizard makes a spell "making a dream come true for a special little boy". The last panel shows the Great Pumpkin menacingly chasing Linus, who runs away terrified.

Helloween
Charlie Brown, Linus, and the Great Pumpkin are referenced in Helloween's song "Halloween", alluding to the events in It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown:

"Someone's sitting in a field, never giving yield. Sitting there with gleaming eyes. Waiting for Big Pumpkin to arise."

"Bad luck if you get a stone like the good old Charlie Brown, you think Linus could be right. The kids will say it's just a stupid lie."

The Great Pumpkin
In 1965 a song by The Jack-o-Lanterns was produced by Lou Reizner and released on 45. The composers were Danny and Myrna Jannson, along with Walter Keske. The song starts with the sound of a gong, a creaking door, then the voice speaks "My name is The Great Pumpkin. Whataya want sonny boy?" The singers of the song then tell The Great Pumpkin they are lonely and have no one to love. They're asking them for help saying they're his "last chance." At the end of the song the Pumpkin responds only by saying, "The Great Pumpkin he say you’ll never make the Top 40 Sunny Boy.”

Snoopy vs. the Red Baron
In the 1966 Peanuts-themed hit single "Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)" by The Royal Guardsmen Snoopy is said to have "asked the Great Pumpkin for a new battle plan" after a failed attempt to capture The Red Baron.

Licensed use in Poptropica
In October 2010, forty-four years after the initial airing of It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown, the Great Pumpkin was the topic of a licensed use by the online game Poptropica. The site's 15th island is Great Pumpkin Island, and features several of the Peanuts characters interacting with players. As the island follows the same plot as the original TV special, the Great Pumpkin does not appear, and turns out to be Snoopy with a pumpkin on his head.

title: Great Pumpkin


text:
Talk:List of Microsoft products

From WP:RfD:

 * List of Microsoft products → Microsoft - no need for this. We have a more specific list, List of Microsoft topics with many (developing) lists underway. - Ta bu shi da yu 23:43, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Commercial product endorsement on encyclopedia seems weird anyway. --Lysy (talk) 12:06, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Obvious. ≈ jossi ≈ 20:52, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * I dunno. It seems like a useful list to have, actually. In any case, it's something someone might look for, and finding nothing, recreate. Since the other list (List of Microsoft topics} exists, I'm going to redirect this there. Noel (talk) 21:44, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Microsoft products


text:
Debra Jo Fondren

Debra Jo Fondren (born February 5, 1955) is an American model and actress. She was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for the September 1977 issue and Playmate of the Year for 1978. Her pictorial was photographed by Robert Scott Hooper.

Career
Fondren, who lived in Lumberton, Texas, and was working as a waitress at Gallagher's in Beaumont, Texas, was discovered on a visit to Las Vegas by photographer Robert Scott Hooper, who also photographed her centerfold, featuring her very long, almost knee-length blonde hair. Fondren had guest-starring roles on television series such as Mork & Mindy and Fantasy Island. She also appeared in movies such as Spit Fire. In 2007, she returned home to the Lumberton/Silsbee, Texas, area, having stated she had enough of the California lifestyle and now operates a beauty school in her home area.

TV appearances

 * Mork & Mindy
 * Knots Landing
 * Fantasy Island
 * Family Feud

title: Debra Jo Fondren


text:
Sandvikens IF

Sandvikens IF is a Swedish football club located in Sandviken. The club, formed 6 June 1918, has played 21 seasons in the highest Swedish league, but is in the second highest Swedish league, Superettan. Sandvikens IF are affiliated to the Gestriklands Fotbollförbund.

As Sandviken is an industrial community, dominated by the steel and metal corporation Sandvik, the team has been much influenced by this. The name of the home ground, Jernvallen, would translate approximately as The Iron Ground, while the nicknames Järngänget and Stålmännen are self-explaining in Swedish ("The Iron gang" and "The Men of Steel"). Stålmännen has a double meaning, as it also is the plural form of Stålmannen, the Swedish name for Superman.

Achievements

 * Allsvenskan:
 * Best placement (3rd): 1935–36 – and gained thereby the Little Silver medals.

title: Sandvikens IF


text:
Talk:Commissioner for Tourism

Every country has a commissioner of tourism, this page should be moved to "Hong Kong commissioner of Tourism".

title: Talk:Commissioner for Tourism


text:
Fundamental rights

Fundamental rights are a group of rights that have been recognized by a high degree of protection from encroachment. These rights are specifically identified in a constitution, or have been found under due process of law. The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 17, established in 2015, underscores the link between promoting human rights and sustaining peace.

List of important rights
Some universally recognised rights that are seen as fundamental, i.e., contained in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the U.N. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, or the U.N. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, include the following:

 * Self-determination
 * Liberty
 * Due process of law
 * Freedom of movement
 * Right to privacy
 * Freedom of thought
 * Freedom of conscience
 * Freedom of religion
 * Freedom of expression
 * Freedom of assembly
 * Freedom of association

Canada
In Canada, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms outlines four Fundamental Freedoms. These are freedom of:
 * Conscience and religion
 * Thought, belief, opinion, and expression, including freedom of the press and other media of communication
 * Peaceful assembly
 * Association.

Europe
On a European level, fundamental rights are protected in three laws:
 * The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
 * The Fundamental Freedoms of the European Union
 * The European Convention on Human Rights

Japan
In Japan, fundamental rights protected by the Constitution of Japan include:

 * Civil liberties, including the right to liberty and the right to freedom of expression, thought, conscience and religion
 * Social rights, including the right to receive education and the right to maintain the minimum standards of wholesome and cultured living

India
There are six fundamental rights recognized in the Constitution of India:

 * the right to equality (Articles 14-18):
 * Article 14: Equality before law
 * Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth
 * Article 16: Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
 * Article 17: Abolition of untouchability
 * Article 18: Abolition of titles
 * the right to freedom (Article 19, 22):
 * Article 19: Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, expression, assembly, association, movement, and residence
 * Article 20: Protection in respect of conviction for offenses
 * Article 21: Protection of life and personal liberty
 * Article 21A: Right to education
 * the right against exploitation (Articles 23-24):
 * Article 23: Prohibition of trafficking in human beings and forced labor
 * Article 24: Prohibition of child labor
 * the right to freedom of religion (Articles 25-28):
 * Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion
 * Article 26: Freedom to manage religious affairs
 * Article 27: Freedom from payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion
 * Article 28: Freedom from attending religious instruction or worship in certain educational institutions
 * cultural and educational rights (Articles 29-30):
 * Article 29: Protection of interests of minorities
 * Article 30: Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
 * the right to constitutional remedies (Article 32 and 226):
 * Article 32: Right to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights
 * Article 226: Power of High Courts to issue certain writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights

United States
Though many fundamental rights are also widely considered human rights, the classification of a right as "fundamental" invokes specific legal tests courts use to determine the constrained conditions under which the United States government and various state governments may limit these rights. In such legal contexts, courts determine whether rights are fundamental by examining the historical foundations of those rights and by determining whether their protection is part of a longstanding tradition. In particular, courts look to whether the right is "so rooted in the traditions and conscience of our people as to be ranked as fundamental." Individual states may guarantee other rights as fundamental. That is, States may add to fundamental rights but can never diminish and rarely infringe upon fundamental rights by legislative processes. Any such attempt, if challenged, may involve a "strict scrutiny" review in court.

In American constitutional law, fundamental rights have special significance under the U.S. Constitution. Those rights enumerated in the U.S. Constitution are recognized as "fundamental" by the U.S. Supreme Court. According to the Supreme Court, enumerated rights that are incorporated are so fundamental that any law restricting such a right must both serve a compelling state purpose and be narrowly tailored to that compelling purpose.

The original interpretation of the United States Bill of Rights was that only the Federal Government was bound by it. In 1835, the U.S. Supreme Court in Barron v. Baltimore unanimously ruled that the Bill of Rights did not apply to the states. During post-Civil War Reconstruction, the 14th Amendment was adopted in 1868 to rectify this condition, and to specifically apply the whole of the Constitution to all U.S. states. In 1873, the Supreme Court essentially nullified the key language of the 14th Amendment that guaranteed all "privileges or immunities" to all U.S. citizens, in a series of cases called the Slaughterhouse cases. This decision and others allowed post-emancipation racial discrimination to continue largely unabated.

Later Supreme Court justices found a way around these limitations without overturning the Slaughterhouse precedent: they created a concept called Selective Incorporation. Under this legal theory, the court used the remaining 14th Amendment protections for equal protection and due process to "incorporate" individual elements of the Bill of Rights against the states. "The test usually articulated for determining fundamentality under the Due Process Clause is that the putative right must be 'implicit in the concept of ordered liberty', or 'deeply rooted in this Nation's history and tradition.'" Compare page 267 Lutz v. City of York, Pa., 899 F. 2d 255 - United States Court of Appeals, 3rd Circuit, 1990.

This set in motion a continuous process under which each individual right under the Bill of Rights was incorporated, one by one. That process has extended more than a century, with the free speech clause of the First Amendment first incorporated in 1925 in Gitlow v New York. The most recent amendment completely incorporated as fundamental was the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for personal self-defense, in McDonald v Chicago, handed down in 2010 and the Eighth Amendment's restrictions on excessive fines in Timbs v. Indiana in 2019.

Not all clauses of all amendments have been incorporated. For example, states are not required to obey the Fifth Amendment's requirement of indictment by grand jury. Many states choose to use preliminary hearings instead of grand juries. It is possible that future cases may incorporate additional clauses of the Bill of Rights against the states.

The Bill of Rights lists specifically enumerated rights. The Supreme Court has extended fundamental rights by recognizing several fundamental rights not specifically enumerated in the Constitution, including but not limited to: Any restrictions a government statute or policy places on these rights are evaluated with strict scrutiny. If a right is denied to everyone, it is an issue of substantive due process. If a right is denied to some individuals but not others, it is also an issue of equal protection. However, any action that abridges a right deemed fundamental, when also violating equal protection, is still held to the more exacting standard of strict scrutiny, instead of the less demanding rational basis test.
 * The right to interstate travel
 * The right to parent one's children
 * The right to privacy
 * The right to marriage

During the Lochner era, the right to freedom of contract was considered fundamental, and thus restrictions on that right were subject to strict scrutiny. Following the 1937 Supreme Court decision in West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, though, the right to contract became considerably less important in the context of substantive due process and restrictions on it were evaluated under the rational basis standard.

title: Fundamental rights


text:
User:Superhobo

Headline text
Superhobo

title: User:Superhobo


text:
Under the influence

Under the influence may refer to:

 * Alcohol intoxication, the behavioral and physical effects caused by alcohol
 * Altered state of consciousness, attained through the ingestion of psychoactive drugs
 * Driving under the influence, the offense of driving a motor vehicle while impaired by alcohol or other drugs
 * Drunk driving, the act of driving under the influence of alcohol
 * Drug-impaired driving, the act of driving a motor vehicle while under the influence of an impairing substance

Albums

 * Under the Influence (Alan Jackson album), 1999
 * Under the Influence (Diesel album), 2011
 * Under the Influence (Foghat album) or the title song, 2016
 * Under the Influence (Mary Coughlan album), 1987
 * Under the Influence (Overkill album), 1988
 * Under the Influence (Rob Swift album), 2003
 * Under the Influence (Status Quo album) or the title song, 1999
 * Under the Influence (Straight No Chaser album), 2013
 * Under the Influence (Terra Naomi album), 2007
 * Under the Influence (Warrant album), 2001
 * Under the Influence (compilation album), a series of British albums
 * Under the Influence (mixtape), by Domo Genesis, 2011
 * Under the Influence – 21 Years of Flying Nun Records, 2002
 * Under the Influence: A Tribute to the Legends of Hard Rock, by Asking Alexandria,
 * Under tha Influence, by DJ Quik, 2002
 * Under the Influences, by Mike Ness, 1999
 * Under the Influence, by the Flyin' Ryan Brothers, 2011
 * Under the Influence, by Tony Lucca, 2011

Songs

 * "Under the Influence" (Chris Brown song), 2022
 * "Under the Influence" (Elle King song), 2015
 * "Under the Influence" (Vanity song), 1986
 * "Under the Influence", by the Chemical Brothers from Electronic Battle Weapon 3, 1998
 * "Under the Influence", by Citizen King from Mobile Estates, 1999
 * "Under the Influence", by Cliff Richard, a B-side of "The Only Way Out", 1982
 * "Under the Influence", by Eminem from The Marshall Mathers LP, 2000
 * "Under the Influence", by James Morrison from Undiscovered, 2006
 * "Under the Influence", by Rusty Cooley, 2003

Television and film

 * "Under the Influence" (CSI: Miami), a 2004 TV episode
 * "Under the Influence" (Full House), a 1994 TV episode
 * Under the Influence, a 1986 television film starring Andy Griffith
 * Under the Influence, a 2002 film featuring Jim Metzler

Other media

 * Under the Influence (radio series), a Canadian radio documentary series
 * Under the Influence, a 1954 fantasy novel by Geoffrey Kerr

title: Under the influence


text:
Talk:Eintracht Frankfurt

Untitled
"Under pressure from the governing authority of German gymnastics, the gymnasts and footballers went their separate ways again in 1927 as Turngemeinde Eintracht Frankfurt von 1861 and Sportgemeinde Eintracht Frankfurt (FFV) von 1899." - the article doesn't previously mention any involvement by gymnasts - is there a paragraph missing? ChrisTheDude 12:55, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

 * No paragraph missing, just some background info lacking. I'll fix it. Thanks for catching the problem. Wiggy! 13:09, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

Noticable fans
I don´t want to go on someones nerves, but is there a quote of Joschka Fischer stating that he is a fan? I seem to remember that he is not much of a footballfan whatsoever... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.240.176.203 (talk) 16:00, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I have removed the "Notable fans" section (as well as the National League ranking which is better off in the Bundesliga article). Jared Preston (talk) 22:53, 26 June 2010 (UTC)

Assessment
There are only two inline references at all. Sorry, but it is not B class IMHO. Sebastian scha. (talk) 12:18, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

Greatest ever team
I'm reverting this team to the one version prior to this edit. No player by the name "Pitocchini" has ever played for Eintracht Frankfurt, as can be quickly discovered by a Google search restricted the excellent Eintracht data base. Also, Theofanis Gekas, while indeed a current striker in the team, has been put in place for Norbert Nachtweih, who has a much higher standing with Eintracht fans indeed. --141.99.254.253 (talk) 14:09, 22 March 2011 (UTC)

translation of Sportgemeinde Eintracht
I may be wrong, but I'd think that "Eintracht" translates to "Concord" or "Concordia", whereas "United" would translate into German not as "Eintracht", but as "Vereinigt" (or for that matter, probably more into "(Spiel-)Vereinigung"). While of course "United" is rather common within English sides' names, and in a way more attractive than the slightly... odd... "Concord", I'd nevertheless suggest changing that part of the article. Any other opionions? 87.155.92.170 (talk) 18:42, 13 May 2013 (UTC)
 * The literal translations of the individual words is irrelevant; in the sports context, which is all that matters here, "Eintracht" is precisely equivalent to "United" (see the German dictionary cited in the footnotes). Languagehat (talk) 15:36, 10 July 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Eintracht Frankfurt


text:
Talk:Minibus taxi

I've tried to improve the neutrality of the article away from the POV of someone who sounded like they couldn't run their mercedes around town without bumping into one of these simply awful mini-buses. :-)

It might also be an idea to separate the neutral idea of a small informal bus service, eg a minibus taxi away from the specific example that exists in South Africa. And maybe create a proper cross-reference box, instead of the cut and pasted threeway of dolmus/marshrutka/minibus taxis. --Jones77 21:47, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

I think this type of transport is common around the world and so I have generalised it. I have removed the POV details about their use in SA. If someone has sufficient neutral details of their use in a given country, please add it in. Kcordina 15:25, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Minibus taxi


text:
City Opera House (Traverse City, Michigan)

The City Opera House is located at 106-112 Front Street in Traverse City, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

History
In 1891, entrepreneurs Perry Hannah, Charles Wilhelm, Tony Bartok, and Frank Votruba owned the property where the opera house now stands. They hired architect E. R. Prall of Pontiac, Michigan to design this structure, and builder John Wilhelm to construct it. At the time of construction, it was the first building in Traverse City to use electric lights. The City Opera House provided a 1200-seat performance space for traveling artists as well as a perfect setting for formal balls, such as an Installation Ball held in 1892.

In 1920, a local movie house leased the building and shuttered it to eliminate competition. it was leased through the 1940s, and remained closed until 1985. In 1978, work began to raise money for restoration. In 1980, the owners gave the structure to the city, and restoration work began in 1985. In 2005, the bulk of a 30-year and 8.5 million dollar restoration was completed.

Description
The City Opera House is a square, three-story, building constructed of red brick. It measures 110 ft on each side. The ground floor houses commercial tenants; the opera house proper is located on the upper floors. Since completion of the restoration, the City Opera house has seating for 710 people, arches with trompe-l'œil clouds and a dome ornamented with angelic putti, a two-story oriel window, an acoustic stage shell, modern theatre rigging and complete facilities for catered events.


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User talk:RedSky

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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title: User talk:RedSky


text:
John Megna

John Anthony Megna (November 9, 1952 – September 5, 1995) was an American actor, director and teacher. His best-known role is that of Dill in the film To Kill a Mockingbird.

Early life
John Anthony Megna was born in Ozone Park, Queens, New York, to Ralph W. Megna, a pharmacist, and Eleanor McGinley, a one-time nightclub singer. He was a half-brother of Connie Stevens through their mother, and an ex-brother-in-law of Eddie Fisher, both famous singers. He attended Holy Cross High School in Flushing, New York.

Career
At age 6, Megna made his acting debut in Frank Loesser's Broadway musical Greenwillow. At 7, he starred in All the Way Home, an adaptation of James Agee's novel about the effect of a father's death on his family. This led to him being cast as Charles Baker "Dill" Harris in the 1962 film To Kill a Mockingbird. The character was based on writer Truman Capote, a childhood friend and later associate of Harper Lee, the author of the original novel.

Megna appeared in many television programs throughout the 1960s and 1970s; he portrayed a near-blind child in the Naked City episode "A Horse Has a Big Head - Let Him Worry!", one of the "Onlies" in the Star Trek: The Original Series episode "Miri", Stephan in I Spy (1967), and Little Adam in the NASA-produced animated shorts The Big World of Little Adam.

His other film appearances include Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte (1964), The Godfather: Part II (1974), The Boy in the Plastic Bubble (1976) with John Travolta, and Go Tell the Spartans (1978) with Burt Lancaster. He also acted in two films starring Burt Reynolds and directed by Hal Needham: Smokey and the Bandit II (1980) and The Cannonball Run (1981).

Later career
Megna graduated from Cornell University as a performing arts major.

As an adult, he turned to directing plays. He was the founding director of L.A. Arts, a nonprofit theater group in Los Angeles. He later became a high school English teacher, and last taught at James Monroe High School in North Hills, California. He also taught Honors English at Hollenbeck Junior High in Boyle Heights.

Personal life and death
Megna was openly gay. He died from AIDS-related complications on September 5, 1995, at Midway Hospital in Los Angeles, at the age of 42.

Television

 * Naked City (1962) (Season 4 Episode 10: "A Horse Has a Big Head - Let Him Worry!") - Harold Denton
 * The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (1964) (Season 2 Episode 13: "The Magic Shop") - Richard Anthony 'Tony' Grainger
 * Star Trek: The Original Series (1966) (Season 1 Episode 8: "Miri") - Little Boy
 * Police Woman (1975) (Season 2 Episode 2: "The Score") - Hooper
 * Police Woman (1977) (Season 3 Episode 13: "Night of the Full Moon") - Stan
 * Police Woman (1977) (Season 4 Episode 5: "Screams") - Jackson
 * Police Woman (1977) (Season 4 Episode 8: "Death Game") - Punk Leader
 * Skag (1980) (Pilot Episode)
 * The Mogul (1984)

Filmography

 * To Kill a Mockingbird (1962) - Dill Harris
 * Hush… Hush, Sweet Charlotte (1964) - New Boy
 * Blindfold (1966) - Mario Vincenti
 * The Godfather Part II (1974) - Young Hyman Roth (uncredited)
 * The Boy in the Plastic Bubble (1976) (TV Movie) - Smith
 * I Want to Keep My Baby (1976) (TV Movie) - Andy
 * Another Man, Another Chance (1977) - Loser in Saloon (uncredited)
 * Go Tell the Spartans (1978) - Corporal Ackley
 * Sunnyside (1979) - B.B.
 * Butch and Sundance: The Early Days (1979) - Outlaw
 * Smokey and the Bandit II (1980) - P.T.
 * The Cannonball Run (1981) - Arthur Rose
 * The Ratings Game (1984) - Al

title: John Megna


text:
Francisco Martínez de la Rosa

Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Cornejo (March 10, 1787 – February 7, 1862) was a Spanish statesman and dramatist and the first prime minister of Spain to receive the title of President of the Council of Ministers.

He became Prime Minister in the opening months of the First Carlist War and his liberal government oversaw the promulgation of a new Spanish constitution: the Spanish Royal Statute of 1834.

Biography
He was born at Granada, and educated at the university there.

He won popularity with a series of epigrams on local celebrities published under the title of El Cementerio de momo. During the struggle against Napoleon he took the patriotic side, was elected deputy, and at Cadiz produced his first play, Lo que puede un empleo, a prose comedy in the manner of the younger Leandro Fernández de Moratín. La Viuda de Padilia (1814), a tragedy modelled upon Alfieri, was less acceptable to the Spanish public.

Meanwhile, the author became more and more engulfed in politics, and in 1814 was banished to Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera on the Barbary Coast, where he remained until 1820, when he was suddenly recalled and appointed prime minister. During the next three years he was the most unpopular man in Spain; denounced as a revolutionist by the Conservatives and as a reactionary by the Liberals, he alienated the sympathies of all parties, and his rhetoric earned for him the contemptuous nickname of Rosita la Pastelera (Rosie the compromiser/cake maker). In 1822, Francisco Martínez de la Rosa appointed Diego de Medrano y Treviño as Minister of the Interior, replacing Moscoso in the position.

Exiled in 1823, he took refuge in Paris, where he issued his Obras literarias (1827), including his Arte poética, in which he exaggerated the literary theories already promulgated by Luzán.

Returning to Spain in 1831, he became prime minister on the death of Ferdinand VII, but proved incapable of coping with the insurrectionary movement and resigned in 1834. It is worth noting that, before retiring, Martinez de la Rosa, as President of the Cabinet, approved the royal decree that finally abolished the Spanish Inquisition.

He was ambassador at Paris in 1839–1840 and at Rome in 1842–1843, joined the Conservative party, held many important offices, and was president of congress and director of the Royal Spanish Academy at the time of his death, which took place at Madrid on 7 February 1862.

As a statesman, Martinez de la Rosa never rose above mediocrity. It was his misfortune to be in place without real power, to struggle against a turbulent pseudo-democratic movement promoted by unscrupulous soldiers, and to contend with the intrigues of the king, the court camarilla and the clergy. But circumstances which hampered him in politics favoured his career in literature. He was not a great natural force; his early plays and poems are influenced by Leandro Moratín or by Juan Meléndez Valdés; his Espíritu del siglo (1835) is a summary of all the commonplaces concerning the philosophy of history; his Doña Isabel de Solís (1837–1846) is an imitation of Walter Scott's historical novels.

Through the accident of his exile at Paris he was thrown into relations with the leaders of the French Romantic Movement, and was so far impressed with the innovations of the new school as to write in French a romantic piece entitled Abén Humeya (1830), which was played at the Porte Saint-Martin. On his return to Madrid Martinez de la Rosa produced La Conjuracíon de Venecia (April 23, 1834), which entitles him to be called the pioneer of the romantic drama in Spain.

Kingdom of Spain

 * Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.
 * Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III.

Foreign

 * Knight of the Supreme Order of Christ. (Kingdom of Portugal)
 * Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Legion of Honor. (Kingdom of France)
 * Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer. (Kingdom of Greece)
 * Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross. (Empire of Brazil)
 * Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of the Netherlands. (Kingdom of the Netherlands)
 * Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Pius IX. (Papal States)
 * Knight of the Order of St. Jenaro. (Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
 * Knight of the Order of St. Ferdinand of Merit. (Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
 * Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Mauritius and Lazarus. (Kingdom of Sardinia)
 * Knight of the Order of the Glory. (Ottoman Empire)

title: Francisco Martínez de la Rosa


text:
List of universities in Myanmar

The following is a comprehensive list of universities in Myanmar, categorised by state and region. Nearly all major and national universities in Myanmar are in Yangon Region and Mandalay Region. The Burmese higher education system is entirely state-run, and its universities and colleges are organised along their fields of studies. The country's 150-plus universities and colleges are administered by various government ministries. For example, liberal arts and science universities such as Yangon University and Mandalay University, and technological universities are run by the Ministry of Education, the medical schools are run by the Ministry of Health, Private colleges offer international joint diploma to the residents in some fields such as engineering, computing, and Business administration.

Ayeyarwady Region

 * Javana Buddhist Academy(JBA) Kyaiklat
 * Bogalay Education College
 * Computer University, Hinthada
 * University of Computer Studies (Maubin)
 * Computer University, Pathein
 * Government Technical Institute, Wakema
 * Hinthada University
 * Maubin University
 * Myanmar Union Adventist Seminary
 * Myaungmya Education College
 * Pathein Education College
 * Pathein University
 * Technological University, Hinthada
 * Technological University, Maubin
 * Technological University, Pathein
 * State Agricultural Institute, Myaungmya

Bago Region

 * Bago University
 * Computer University, Pyay
 * Computer University, Taungoo
 * Paku Divinity School
 * Pyay Education Degree College
 * Pyay Technological University
 * Pyay University
 * Taungoo Education Degree College
 * Taungoo University
 * Technological University, Taungoo

Chin State

 * Chin Christian College
 * Union Theological College Matupi
 * Zomi Theological College
 * Hakha College

Kachin State

 * Bhamo University
 * Computer University, Bhamo
 * Computer University, Myitkyina
 * Government Technical College, Mohnyin
 * Kachin Theological College
 * Mohnyin Degree College
 * Myitkyina Education College
 * Myitkyina University
 * Technological University, Bhamo
 * Technological University, Myitkyina

Kayah State

 * Computer University, Loikaw
 * Loikaw University
 * Technological University, Loikaw
 * Loikaw Education College

Kayin State

 * Computer University, Hpa-An
 * Hpa-An Education College
 * Hpa-An University
 * Technological University, Hpa-An

Magway Region

 * University Of Computer Studies Magway
 * University of Computer Studies (Pakokku)
 * Yenangyaung Government Technical Institute
 * Magway Education College
 * Magway University
 * Pakokku Education Degree College
 * Pakokku University
 * Technological University, Magway
 * Technological University, Pakokku
 * University of Community Health, Magway
 * University of Medicine, Magway
 * Pali University of Buddhism, Pakokku
 * Yenangyaung University
 * Government Technical Institute, Chauk
 * Government Technical Institute, Thayet
 * Government Technical Institute, Magway
 * Pakokku Nursing College

Mandalay Region

 * Computer University, Mandalay
 * Computer University, Meiktila
 * Government Technical Institute, Kyaukpadaung
 * Government Technical Institute, Pyinoolwin
 * Government Technical Institute, Yamethin
 * Defence Services Academy
 * Defence Services Technological Academy
 * Kyaukse University
 * London Business University
 * Mandalay Education College
 * Mandalay Institute of Nursing
 * Mandalay Regional Co-operative College
 * Mandalay Technological University
 * Mandalar Degree College
 * Meiktila Education College
 * Meiktila Institute of Economics
 * Meiktila University
 * Myanmar Aerospace Engineering University
 * Myanmar Institute of Information Technology
 * Myanmar Theological College, Mandalay
 * Myingyan Degree College
 * Nationalities Youth Resource Development Degree College, Mandalay
 * Phaung Daw Oo International University, Mandalay
 * State Pariyatti Sasana University, Mandalay
 * Technological University, Kyaukse
 * Technological University, Mandalay
 * Technological University, Meiktila
 * University of Computer Studies, Mandalay
 * University of Culture, Mandalay
 * University of Dental Medicine, Mandalay
 * University of Distance Education, Mandalay
 * University of Foreign Languages, Mandalay
 * University of Forestry, Yezin
 * University of Mandalay
 * University of Medical Technology, Mandalay
 * University of Medicine, Mandalay
 * University of Paramedical Science, Mandalay
 * University of Pharmacy, Mandalay
 * University of Sattan Astoni (UoSA)
 * University of Technology, Yadanabon Cyber City
 * University of Traditional Medicine, Mandalay
 * University of Veterinary Science, Yezin
 * Yadanabon University
 * Yezin Agricultural University
 * Myanmar Commercial Management Institute (MCMI)
 * Mandalay Business School
 * Myanmar Commercial University - MCU

Mon State

 * Computer University, Thaton
 * Thaton Institute of Agriculture
 * Mawlamyine Education College
 * Mawlamyine Institute of Education
 * Mawlamyine University
 * Technological University (Mawlamyine)
 * Government Technical Institute (Mawlamyine)

Rakhine State

 * Computer University, Sittwe
 * Sittway University
 * Technological University, Sittwe
 * Technological University, Kyaukpyu
 * Kyaukphyu Education Degree College
 * nursing and midwifery training school,Kyaukpyu
 * Taunggup University
 * Government Technical Institute, Thandwe

Sagaing Region

 * Computer University, Kalay
 * Computer University, Monywa
 * Technological University, Sagaing
 * Sitagu World Buddhist University, Sagaing
 * Government Technical College, Shwebo
 * McNeilus Maranatha Christian College, Kalay
 * Monywa Education College
 * Monywa Institute of Economics
 * Monywa University
 * Sagaing Institute of Education
 * Co-operative University, Sagaing
 * Shwebo University
 * Technological University, Monywa
 * University for the Development of the National Races of the Union
 * University of Kalay
 * Technological University (Kalay)
 * Nationalities Youth Resource Development Degree College, Sagaing
 * Sagaing University
 * Sagaing University of Education

Shan State

 * Computer University, Lashio
 * Computer University, Kyaingtong
 * Computer University, Panglong
 * Computer University, Taunggyi
 * Kyaingtong University
 * Lashio University
 * Lashio Education College
 * Panglong University
 * Taunggyi Education College
 * Taunggyi University
 * Technological University, Kyaingtong
 * Technological University, Lashio
 * Technological University, Panglong
 * Technological University, Taunggyi
 * University of Medicine, Taunggyi
 * University of Computer Studies (Taunggyi)
 * Shan State Buddhist University, Taunggyi, Shan State
 * Sariputta College, Muse

Tanintharyi Region

 * Computer University, Dawei
 * Computer University, Myeik
 * Dawei Education College
 * Dawei University
 * Myeik University
 * Technological University, Dawei
 * Technological University, Myeik

Yangon Region

 * Academy of Management and Technology (AMT)
 * Central Co-operative College, Phaunggyi
 * Co-operative University, Thanlyin
 * City University, Yangon
 * Dagon University
 * Defence Services Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Science
 * Defence Services Medical Academy
 * Hlegu Education College
 * Info Myanmar University
 * International Theravada Buddhist Missionary University
 * Karen Baptist Theological Seminary
 * Lorrain Theological College
 * Myanmar Institute of Theology
 * Myanmar Imperial University
 * Myanmar Maritime University
 * National Management University of Myanmar
 * Nationalities Youth Resource Development Degree College, Yangon
 * State Pariyatti Sasana University, Yangon
 * Strategy First University
 * STI Myanmar University
 * Technological University, Hmawbi
 * Technological University, Thanlyin
 * Thingangyun Education College
 * University of Computer Studies, Yangon
 * University of Culture, Yangon
 * University of Dental Medicine, Yangon
 * University of Distance Education, Yangon
 * University of East Yangon
 * University of Foreign Languages, Yangon
 * University of Information Technology, Yangon
 * University of Medical Technology, Yangon
 * University of Medicine 1, Yangon
 * University of Medicine 2, Yangon
 * University of Paramedical Science, Yangon
 * University of Pharmacy, Yangon
 * University of Public Health, Yangon
 * University of West Yangon
 * Victoria University College
 * Vivekananda American University (VAU), Yangon
 * West Yangon Technological University
 * Yangon Institute of Economics
 * Yangon Institute of Education
 * Yangon Institute of Marine Technology
 * Yangon Institute of Nursing
 * Yangon Technological University
 * Yangon University
 * Yankin Education College
 * Yangon University of Education
 * Myanmar Commercial University - MCU
 * ATBC - International College
 * ATBC - Ayeyarwady Technology & Business College
 * IQY Technical College
 * IQY Technical University

title: List of universities in Myanmar


text:
User talk:Superhobo

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 21:49, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. I took the liberty of moving the page you started to you user page.

title: User talk:Superhobo


text:
User talk:80.232.73.194

mutations
Hi I saw your good changes. My recommendation is just get stuck in. I have seen quite a few mistakes in the biology related sections. You have only seen the tip of the iceberg. By the way welcome to wikipedia if you are new. David D. 21:49, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The following was on my to do list but go ahead since this seems to be an area you are familiar with feel free to take over (Hypomorphic mutation and mutation merge adding in hypermorph antimorph etc.).  Sorry for taking advantage of your enthusiasum ;-) David D. 21:54, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Thanks dude!
Wow, I didn't know I could receive a message like that! I'm currently trying to improve mutations. I will be bold!
 * Ah I see you worked out the 'be bold' philosophy. If you're here for the long haul you might want to register.  That way you get your own page to play with as well as a talk page.  Then, regardless of the IP you log in from, all you're edits will be together. Good job on the changes so far.  The mutation page already looks a lot better. David D. 02:35, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:80.232.73.194