text:
Talk:Shin splints

...shin splints is the most common form of shin splints...
Really? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.212.29.88 (talk) 09:43, 25 March 2014 (UTC)

Periostitis disambiguation PLEASE!!!
A search for "Periostitis" (that is, inflammation of the "periosteum") links direct to this specific disorder page. Periostitis can occur in any bone with a periosteum, not just the tibia (e.g. periostitis of the jaw, of the eye orbit, periostitis through bone and joint lesions of yaws, syphilis, etc!!!)

I agree. Periostitis of alveolar process is also not so uncommon. - Dr P

Orthopedic conditions template suggestion
I have been going through the list of orthopaedic conditions listed as stubs and suggesting this template for Orthopaedic Conditions (see Talk:Orthopedic surgery) Name Definition Synonyms Incidence Pathogenesis and predisposing factors Pathology Stages Classification Natural History/Untreated Prognosis Clinical Features Investigation Non-Operative Treatment Risks of Non-Operative Treatment Prognosis following Non-Operative Treatment Operative Treatment (Note that each operations should have its own wiki entry) Risks of Operative Treatment Prognosis Post Operation Complications Management Prevention History --Mylesclough 06:27, 8 October 2005 (UTC) Please add DDX to help better needed readers. thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jryni (talk • contribs) 14:32, 25 April 2011 (UTC)

Adding a section for the added resistance to shin splints in the strong
There is a link along these lines, the last one, I intend to read up on it. Like any soreness in connective tissue, this should in theory be something that we can improve over time, yes? Exert ourselves until we feel the soreness/pain, rest with nutrition to recover, and it will be stronger? It should also be mentioned how this increases, such as pounding the ground more intensely, a harder surface (like pavement), the weight of the runner (fatness, weighted vest) and the gradual buildup of such tensions during the length of sleep deprivations. In time friends! Tyciol 09:35, 12 February 2006 (UTC)
 * When I started running seriously, the above was in fact my approach toward shin splints. I understood what was causing the pain and so I simply worked harder to strengthen the area. I just kept pounding away at the shins until they became stronger. I ran hard down hills, I stretched the muscles after exercise to increase flexibility, I used ice and so forth. The shin muscles grew in size. Raising my toe to flex the shin raised a huge, rock-hard slab on the front of my leg. The shins no longer hurt. No matter what kind of running I did, I simply did not "hear" from that area of the body any longer. But eventually, I ended up with an inflammed tendon in the top of the foot! It hurt to run or walk. Every time I placed the heel down on the ground, followed by the toe, there was pain. If I tried to raise my toe, there was pain (and also a creaking sensation). I went to the running track to pound on the injured area a little bit and discovered that it did not hurt whatsoever during a fast 400 meter repetition! Obviously, that was due to the different running form. So immediately returned to a regular intensity and volume of training, using a different posture and footstrike. I felt no discomfort from the injury, which rapidly recovered.  The point is that increased strength and flexibility in the shins might not be the right answer, at least not by itself, because it doesn't eliminate the source of the tension. It's been a few years and I haven't had any problems with those tendons, nor with the shin. The tibialis anterior muscle is still quite large and strong, but not quite like before.--KazKylheku 23:34, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
 * By the way, the last link in our article's External Links section ([) is very good. It identifies the true causes of muscle pain in the shin and recommends an interesting exercise that seems like a good alternatives to beating up the shins by downhill running. Check out the Heel Stepdown. --[[User:KazKylheku|KazKylheku]] 23:34, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Diagram is poor
Zero sharp 06:57, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

Could someone make a better diagram of posture rather than the text-based one on this page. It is hard to understand.

Seriously I agree that diagram is so bad that maybe it should just be taken out.

 * I agree. The ASCII art is amusing, but nearly useless.

 * Somebody took out the diagrams at some point, but the article still talks about the "following grossly exaggerated diagrams". (Could anyone here please point to an version of the article just before the ASCII diagrams were removed? Thanks.) Lumpish Scholar 00:11, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

Annoyed
Not only runners get shin splints. While the basic information is good, I think it should be rewritten to include other forms of activity that can promote shin splints such as dancing, figure skating, gymnastics, ect. Right now it only discusses from the running point of view.

Please clarify the "There may even be immediate discomfort in the muscles from a build-up of lactic acid." Other pages in Wikipedia dispute "Lactic Acid" formation regarding muscles.

Please add other treatments for shin splints if cessation of excercise isn't possible- icing the affected area before and after running, or up to 4 times a day, taking ibuprofen before running to decrease swelling and inflamation, stretching the calves and shins, and swimming or flutter kick in the water (it stretches out the shin).

Also, extreme amounts of whip kick in the water and pole vaulting can cause shin splints on both shins and the planting foot, respectively.

- Why should anyone credit what you say? What are you annoyed about? Perhaps the other cases you discuss are not actually shin splnts. If you check my site http://www.questforendorphins.com you'll see that I have an interest in these questions. You're free to post what you like of course, but if you don't demonstrate credibility - why? YAC (talk) 02:50, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

- I credit what he/she says. I completely agree with it. The hostile response is what was annoying, though. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.249.47.11 (talk) 15:47, 7 November 2008 (UTC)

Dubious assertion
This one:
 * Runners who strike heavily with the heel should look for shoes which provide ample rearfoot cushioning.

I wouldn't say this is not true; I'd say it doesn't make sense. Runners who strike heavily with the heel should stop doing it. Anything else is a palliative measure that ultimately does not work. The so-called motion control shoes give you a degree of protection from your bad technique, but at a price: they are heavier and less flexible, which - ironically - makes it even harder to run in a correct way. So, in short, I don't think this is a good advice. (Though it's very popular - I know that.)

This assertation is true; a powerful downward strike can put a lot of pressure on the entire area of the leg, and thereby exacerbate the pain of shin splints. Running in shoes with a lot of cusion and on softer surfaces with some give, like dirt or grass, helps out better than running in worn out shoes or on asphalt. However, just wearing better cusioned shoes could cure the symptom- shin splints- and not the cause, poor running form.

The "upper part" of the article gets it right:
 * The long-term remedy for muscle-related pain in the shin is a change in the running style to eliminate the overstriding and heavy heel strike.

Still, there is one more crucial point that is perhaps not explained entirely correctly in the article. Running is not properly done on your toes: it's not your toes that strike the ground first, it's the ball of your foot. I've seen the "running on your toes" story dozens of times; of course, when people who hit the ground with their heels first read this, they try it, conclude that it "doesn't work" (of course it doesn't) or is not "right for them", and go back to their old style. Also, the point which some people miss is that you're still allowed to touch the ground with your heels: it's just that they have to come into contact with the ground last, not first.

"Finally, arguably the most important dietary aspect preventing shin splints is cutting out highly carbonated "soft drinks". These types of beverages will literally take calcium away from your bones, leaving you with weak and calcium deprived bones." - Let's add this when there is a citation, not before!

A warning: IANAD (<-- dumb acronym, stands for "I am not a doctor"). Of course, this can only mean one thing: I've learned it the hard way.

Finally, a good explanation can be found here. The entire posetech.com site is worth taking a look at. GregorB 22:57, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

Name for the opposite fallacy?
Does anyone know why this condition is called this? The standard definition of "splint" is probably not related. Boris B 11:10, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

Can the references to "poop", "Pee" and "Fire" please be removed? I don't believe they have any place in this subject.

confusing text
Each of these sentences seem to make little sense:

 * In a foot pushes off almost entirely from the big toe, causing excessive strain on the big toe and the outside of the shin.

 * In contrast, under pronation, occurs when the foot does not roll enough.

Also "CCS" is never defined, I think...

Lastly, under "form", it says

 * Correcting the footstrike begins with posture. A hunched forward posture leads to a heel strike. In both postures, ...

but only one posture was mentioned at that point... I suppose the opposite would be "tilted back"?

 * I would also like to know what CCS stands for. Does anyone know? Jason Smith 01:10, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

Compartment syndrome is the cause
A somewhat informative article...but it completely fails to mention one of the main reasons for the pain of shin splints. When muscles are overused, bruised, or torn swelling occurs. The muscles of the anterior leg compartment are contained in a fascial sheath that does not stretch. Hence when the muscles swell pressure builds up and pain results. A link to (chronic) compartment syndrome is must have addition to this article.

Sorry, I'm not a user so I can't sign.

64.17.194.175 03:53, 18 April 2007

In both postures, the center of gravity is directly over the foot. Physics requires this, because it is the condition which prevents a body from falling over.
"In both postures, the centre of gravity is directly over the foot. Physics requires this, because it is the condition which prevents a body from falling over." - I'm pretty sure this isn't right. Walking (and by extension running) has been described as 'controlled falling' - each step you take, you lean forward and fall slightly, then extend a foot to catch yourself. It might be the preferable technique to keep an even centre of gravity - I'm far from an expert - but physics certainly doesn't require it. --irrevenant [ talk ] 10:45, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

It probably needs to make a distinction between dynamic and static equilibrium. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 132.235.19.132 (talk) 19:54, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

Article needs work
This article is in pretty bad condition. I don't have the time now, but if someone is able, can you look over the organization and flow of this article. It is confusing at best. 128.211.251.187 00:46, 26 May 2007 (UTC)

Doesn't make sense
There's no such thing as "the foot joint", and the sciatic nerve does not lie near the foot. Someone screwed up their anatomy in the pain referral section.

little blue borrower
What the hell does this mean: "This cannot be left until tommorrow, as said person may turn into a little blue borrower"? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Srostami (talk • contribs) 03:05, August 25, 2007 (UTC)

Soft Drinks??? Really???
I found this section interesting: "Finally, arguably the most important dietary aspect preventing shin splints is cutting out highly carbonated "soft drinks". These types of beverages will literally take calcium away from your bones, leaving you with weak and calcium deprived bones"

Another entry seems to contradict this:  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sceptic69 (talk • contribs) 20:47, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

"Bikers"
"Bikers who have to use their feet to change gears or apply brakes can suffer from shin splints after long rides."

This is a non-sequitur. I've at least changed it to clarify what the contributor presumably meant (motorcyclists). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.64.138.40 (talk) 23:08, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

Ummmm....
This article so full of dogma and half-truths and lies, it's ridiculous. Would someone please just start a new article? Start with this... "Shin Splints" also known as tibial stress syndrome...

Tibial stress syndrome is not mentioned in this article for some reason. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.60.135.28 (talk) 18:25, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

Jump Rope
On my site http://www.questforendorphins.com, I promote physical activity and a form of jump rope I call JumpRock. I rarely touch my heel to the ground and jump much higher on my toes now than when I started. Any opinions on whether this would be helpful in preventing shin splints.

I said I wouldn't put the link to my site anywhere but my profile, but it seems relevant here. YetAnotherCommenter (talk) 04:17, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

Dr. Chad Hadersbeck?
The "Diagnosis" section seems to suddenly lapse into an excerpt from a book or website that is not previously referenced: "For centuries the lingering pain of shin splints has plagued athletes from around the globe. But however powerful the machine (or herbal remedy), the underlying model remained the same. To find the pain, Dr. Chad Hadersbeck first had to look for the symptom." It's not very coherently laid out. --Irrevenant [ talk ] 11:12, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

Poorly written in places
Language such as "good shoes- not that piece of crap payless", found in the last section, does not belong in an encyclopedia. —Preceding unsigned comment added by PaulPrice (talk • contribs) 21:30, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

Is rest really the ideal treatment??
My sister was diagnosed with shin splints 15 years ago and was told to rest. It did nothing. She then got a second opinion and they told her to keep exercising (just don't overdo it), combined with massage and physio treatment should work it out. A few months later she was back to normal. I was then diagnosed with shin splints 6 years after her, was told the same as her second opinion, and then after no improvement was referred to a bone scan which revealed a minor case of compartment syndrome. This article is atrocious and not factual. I'm not a medical practitioner but I could write a better article! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.184.2.1 (talk) 07:28, 2 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia's model is fundamentally ill-suited to articles about medical conditions; not so much because the topic is impossible to write about (there are ample sources, and shin splints in particular is a known and common condition), but because people will rely on Wikipedia for medical advice, no matter how many disclaimers there are in the article, no matter how frequently it is re-iterated that the contributors are anonymous nobodies who may or may not be lying about the qualifications they claim to have. It doesn't matter if someone gets the wrong information from Wikipedia about nuclear fusion or the lesser spotted dust mite, because the consequences are nil (unless the dust mite is poisonous); the impression I get is that there is an attitude amongst Wikipedia editors whereby if people rely on Wikipedia for their medical information, they deserve to die for being so stupid. I disagree with this attitude. -Ashley Pomeroy (talk) 11:19, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

Cushioning & Support
There is controversy over whether cushioning and support in shoes is effective to prevent injury in the long term. By strengthening the foot and lower leg, and allowing a more natural stride, barefoot running or more minimal shoes can improve a runner's ability to resist injury, by reducing the cause rather than buffering against it and allowing it to grow. I think this section of the article is biased toward established convention to the benefit of running shoe manufacturers (intentionally or incidentally). It is presented as if fact, and should be modified to reflect the varying opinions in the running and medical communities.

Also, the sentence about heel-striking providing the most cushioning goes against most research I have seen into running form. Someone should look into this--the source may not be reliable.

198.82.21.1 (talk) 20:05, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

Poor circulation
After repeated trials (unknowingly) wearing tight shoes will cause painful shin pain - even while walking for a moderate distance. Loosening the shoes will prevent the pain in the shins.

-G —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.48.170.129 (talk) 00:37, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

Contradiction: heel strike
"Cause" section indicates heel strike contributes to the condition, whereas "Long-term treatment" section recommends heel strike to help prevent the condition. ??? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.136.185.157 (talk) 20:02, 1 July 2009 (UTC)

 * I noticed that contradiction, too. A pity that WP has no policy for for making use of experts who actually know the subject of an article. David Spector (talk) 00:03, 1 July 2013 (UTC)

Overstride link
The article links to the Running article for overstride, but that article never mentions overstriding. I don't know what overstriding is, so can't correct this mistake. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.185.148.200 (talk) 19:57, 8 July 2010 (UTC)

Landing on balls of your feet
Cited from article: "Having poor form, such as leaning forward or backward too much, as well as landing on the balls of your feet and running with toes pointing outwards all contribute to the causation of shin splints."

Everything I have read in preparation for race training indicates that landing on the balls of your feet (not toes) IS the proper running form. See: http://running.about.com/od/faqsforbeginners/f/landingfoot.htm

Therefore the article is incorrect and misleading. 71.237.240.207 (talk) 03:40, 24 February 2012 (UTC)

 * It's gone now. David Spector (talk) 00:05, 1 July 2013 (UTC)

Needlessly unexplained technical language
"Shin splint pain is described as a recurring dull ache along the posteromedial aspect of the distal two-thirds of the tibia" by someone who has had their brain replaced by a medical dictionary. How does the average joe describe it? --75.173.1.59 (talk) 02:42, 8 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Yeah, most of the people who write articles here are actually trying to direct traffic toward other articles--in this case, the articles on "posteromedial" and "distal" and maybe a few other vocabulary words... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.190.81.197 (talk) 22:56, 4 October 2012 (UTC)

"Shin splint pain is a dull ache felt along the very front of the lower two-thirds of the lower leg" might work well when the description first appears, then the more accurate description could appear later. Providing both types of language (common and anatomical) would make the article easily accessible to all readers, no matter what their reason for reading the article, at the cost of some small redundancy. This comment also applies to many other articles in WP. This suggestion might even be offered as a new policy. David Spector (talk) 00:14, 1 July 2013 (UTC)

Contradictory opening
The opening sections states: "Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is commonly referred to as shin splints but they are distinctly different."

If this is true, then why does the next paragraph state:

"Medial tibial stress syndrome is the most prevalent form of shin splints..."

I don't know medicine, but I do know English. Either MTSS is distinctly different, or it is a subset of a broader class. It cannot be both simultaneously. Can someone who knows better make the appropriate correction? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.79.3.56 (talk) 02:20, 11 March 2014 (UTC)

 * I completely agree with this. In addition, this is the first Wikipedia article I have ever read, and I have read tens of thousands, that states in the first sentence that it is not about the topic in the title! What is with that? Unless I hear from some interested party in the next twenty-four hours, I am goint to take the Wikipedia editing guidline "be bold" to heart and fix this by moving the contents of this article to a page named Medial tibial stress syndrome and creating here an article about shin splints. Nick Beeson (talk) 12:11, 21 March 2014 (UTC)

 * In doing research on the web, to prepare for moving the article as I promised in the above paragraph, I found that the contradiction in the first sentence was entirely wrong. The American College of Orthopaedic Surgeons (and who should know better?), says, on their web site, that "shin splints" and "medial tibial stress syndrome" are the same thing. I corrected for that, with a reference. In addition, since this is an article about "shin splints", I changed all "MTSS" to "shin splints". Nick Beeson (talk) 15:56, 21 March 2014 (UTC)

Improper Title: I don't think "shin splints" is the medical term for this condition. Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome may be more appropriate. Pfaffmr (talk) 15:33, 31 October 2019 (UTC)

 * I just restored the medical name in the lead sentence, in boldface for re-directed readers, following WP:BOLDSYN & these Talk page comments. A dozen of our medical references use the term in the title, so it belongs in the first sentence, not just in the infobox. The article now begins: "A shin splint, also known as medial tibial stress syndrome ..." —24.191.101.221 (talk) 06:42, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

Treatments - ESWT
I have removed this sentence "ESWT currently is used to treat various tendonopathies by sending low low levels of energy pain areas." from 'treatments' because it makes no sense whatsoever. Low levels of what? Sent at what? Even the article for ESWT on wikipedia doesn't say what ESWT actually is. If somebody can provide some clarity feel free to put it back in (if that person could see to improving the ESWT article, that would be good too). Tomdeath1990 (talk) 16:39, 18 April 2014 (UTC)

"Mtss" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Mtss. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 August 9 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. User:1234qwer1234qwer4 (talk) 11:51, 9 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shin splints


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hopkin green frog

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete (14 delete, 6 keep, 1 new user, and 2 votes by anons) --Allen3 talk 02:31, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

Hopkin green frog
Little evidence that this "internet phenomenon" was anything of the sort; it was just a blogger in-joke. ~6000 google hits, yes, but that's very little for a "phenomenon" that has absolutely no existence outside of a bunch of blogs. CDC  (talk)  01:29, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete amusing thing that never made it out of the blogs. The google hits go blogblogforumblogblogblogblogforum etc. -Splash 01:51, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. Thunderbrand 01:54, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Funny, but not notable. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  02:39, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete - a bunch of junk.--GrandCru 02:56, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete even though I edited and expanded this awhile back, oddly enough. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd 03:34, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 08:49, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Pavel Vozenilek 00:02, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep* yes but an in joke among bloggers means that alot of people are in on it, also some very large popular blogs such as Boing Boing have covered the story already, and a google search for "hopkin green frog" turns up 9,860 hits JCS 00:51, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Why does it have to have "made it out of blogs"? It was clearly "noted" so it's "notable" enough for us to note that it was noted. Grace Note 04:03, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable Internet phenomenon.  Wikipedia importance policy: "there is clear proof that a reasonable number of people (eg. more than 500 people worldwide) are or were concurrently interested in the subject."  The fact that this (like most) memes was spread through blogs and forums is irrelevant.-- Norvy (talk) 05:46, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, NN, and since when is Importance policy? Radiant_ >|< 12:07, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * D'oh! Since never.  -- Norvy (talk) 16:40, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable net phenomenon. Dcarrano 13:40, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, its 15 minutes are over. Wile E. Heresiarch 14:30, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, under the condition of cleanup. // Gargaj 18:45, 2005 July 20 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. Binadot 02:08, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Here we go again.  A few people on the internet make something about nothing and then think it was important. Indrian 19:42, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Irredemiably non-notable. An infinitely more encyclopedic subject would be an investigation of why anyone would want to keep this pointless article. Quale 21:09, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Very popular and widley known GSwarthout 00:51, 20 July 2005 (UTC) — (Improperly signed comment actually by 63.164.233.127; user's 1st edit.)
 * Keep. For a AYB-sized listing of people helping him "found his frog," visit http://lostfrog.org .  And that AYB-size makes it notable.  Almafeta 03:04, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. If I looking for article, it name be "Hopkin green frog." Someone deleted my article. I'll find my article. Who deleted my article!? Kuralyov 04:12, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I can't say I understand WP's deletion policy; on one hand, this AYB-scale phenomenon, which has given rise to various still-used catchphrases and cultural references online, is suggested for deletion, while on the other hand obvious vanity pages like Scott Fisher (who?) remain untouched. Jmason 19:18, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Vote is Jmason's ninth edit --Allen3 talk 02:31, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * It's because no-one has gotten around to nominating Scott Fisher for deletion yet. Feel free to, however! -Splash 19:36, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Where else can I learn where this stuff comes from if the internet's primary authoritive source for such things doesn't keep track of it? Ren Hoek 16:50, 2 August 2005 (CET)
 * Vote actually cast by 213.84.79.181 --Allen3 talk 02:31, August 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Microvascular decompression

Microvascular decompression (MVD), also known as the Jannetta procedure, is a neurosurgical procedure used to treat trigeminal neuralgia (along with other cranial nerve neuralgias), a pain syndrome characterized by severe episodes of intense facial pain, and hemifacial spasm. The procedure is also used experimentally to treat tinnitus and vertigo caused by vascular compression on the vestibulocochlear nerve. As the goal of the Jannetta procedure is to relieve (vascular) pressure on the trigeminal nerve, it is a specific type of a nerve decompression surgery.

History
Nicholas Andre first described trigeminal neuralgia in 1756. In 1891 Sir Victor Horsley proposed the first open surgical procedure for the disorder involving the sectioning of preganglionic rootlets of the trigeminal nerve. Walter Dandy in 1925 was an advocate of partial sectioning of the nerve in the posterior cranial fossa. During this procedure he noted compression of the nerve by vascular loops, and in 1932 proposed the theory that trigeminal neuralgia was caused by compression of the nerve by blood vessels, typically the superior cerebellar artery. With the advent of the operative microscope, Peter J. Jannetta was able to further confirm this theory in 1967 and advocated moving the offending vessel and placing a sponge to prevent the vessel from returning to its native position as a treatment for trigeminal neuralgia.

Patient selection
Patients most likely to benefit from a microvascular decompression have a classic form of trigeminal neuralgia. The diagnosis of this disorder is on the basis of the patients' symptoms and from a neurological examination. No blood test or genetic marker exists to diagnose the disease. An MRI scan can help eliminate other diagnoses. Newer MRI techniques may allow for the visualization of vascular compression of the nerve. Patients who improve with an MVD are likely to have pain which is episodic rather than constant. The pain typically has an electrical quality to it and is intense. The pain can usually be triggered. Common triggers include light touch, eating, talking or putting on make-up. Most patients whose face pain improved with an MVD also improved at least temporarily with medication.

In addition to having the proper type of pain, candidates for an MVD must also be healthy enough to undergo surgery. The risk of surgery may increase with increasing patient age.

Surgical technique

Patients are put to sleep using general anaesthesia and are positioned on their back with their head turned or on their side with the symptomatic side facing up. Electrical monitoring of facial function and hearing is used. A straight incision is made two finger-breadths behind the ear about the length of the ear. A portion of the skull around 30 mm (1.2 inches) in diameter is removed exposing the underlying brain covering known as the dura. The dura is opened to expose the cerebellum. The cerebellum is allowed to fall out of the way exposing the side of the brainstem. Using a microscope or endoscope and micro-instruments, the arachnoid membrane is dissected allowing visualization of the 8th, 7th and finally the trigeminal nerve. The offending loop of blood vessel is then mobilized. Frequently a groove or indentation is seen in the nerve where the offending vessel was in contact with the nerve. Less often the nerve is thin and pale. Once the vessel is mobilized a sponge like material is placed between the nerve and the offending blood vessel to prevent the vessel from returning to its native position.

After the decompression is complete, the wound is flushed clean with saline solution. The dura is closed in a watertight fashion. The skull is reconstructed and the overlying tissues are closed in multiple layers. The patient is allowed to wake up and is taken to an intensive care unit or other close observation unit.

Results
The largest reported series of MVDs was reported by Jannetta and published in The New England Journal of Medicine in 1996. The initial success rate was 82% for complete relief with an additional 16% having partial relief for a combined initial success rate of 98%. At 10 year follow-up, 68% had excellent or good relief. 32% had recurrent symptoms. Other series report similar or better results.

Complications
Serious complications from an MVD include death (0.1%), stroke (1%), hearing loss (3%) and facial weakness (0.5%). Dr. Jannetta has called facial paralysis (as opposed to weakness) a "major and common complication of the MVD." (2 separate depositions under oath: Levy v Jannetta, CCP Allegheny County, GD 81–7689.

Other complications include leakage of spinal fluid and wound infection (1%). Most patients will have transient neck pain and stiffness from the surgical incision and from seeding of the spinal fluid with small amounts of blood.

Other procedures
Several other surgical procedures exist for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, including percutaneous rhizotomy, percutaneous glycerol injection, percutaneous balloon compression, rhyzotomy and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). When compared to the other procedures, MVD carries the highest long-term success rate, but it also carries the highest risk.

title: Microvascular decompression


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dave Green

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was No consensus, so keep --Allen3 talk 02:35, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

Dave Green
Moved here from Speedy, but does not meet criteria for a Speedy delete. I'm not voting Manning 01:34, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Sufficient notability. Pburka 01:55, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 08:49, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: Another "a writer for" magazines that employ freelancers liberally.  Now a newsletter pusher.  Ok.  What is distinctive, unique, important, influential here?  Just another writer.  Geogre 15:48, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. per Geogre. --Vizcarra 07:43, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. He was in Amiga Power and other magazines too! Plus, he's an alien! (Or at least, that's what they claim. I've never met him.)   — J I P | Talk 16:37, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * As much as it pains me to say it, Delete. AP had hundreds of writers, barely any of which will ever be notable enough for inclusion here. He wasn't even a particularly memorable or notable writer for the magazine compared to people like Stuart Campbell, Jonathan Davies or Jonathan Nash. --Stevefarrell 20:52, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Geogre. Dcarrano 13:42, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity/promo, nobody in particular. Agreed 100% w/ Geogre. Wile E. Heresiarch 14:31, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - notable and well-known in British tech circles. The article could do with some fleshing out but by its by no means vanity. Dave Green writes NTK, which is a notable UK technology publication and co-author Danny O'Brien was deemed notable enough for inclusion. Qwghlm 23:07, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. Danny O'Brien's case is different. He writes a weekly column for the Sunday Times, not sporadic freelance writing for two magazine that no longer exitst. --Vizcarra 19:50, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Notability not established. Indrian 19:43, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * keep: Dave Green is one of the most notable commentators on tech events in the UK. He has his finger on the pulse of things, always has something funny witty and acerbic to say. A compelling journalist. Voting to delete him would be like saying 'delete Hunter S Thompson: he only wrote about Hells Angels once back in the '60's'. So yanks dont know who the f**k Dave Green is: everyone else does. he is as much a feature of contemporary Internet journalism as Cory Doctorow etc. (unsigned by 81.2.112.241, just 1 contribution, this vote)
 * keep. Very notable. A fixture in UK Internet journalism (unsigned by Geeklawyer, only 3 contributions, 2 on article Dave Green, 1 here)
 * Keep. Undoutably notable in UK Internet field. Been around for years. NTK, NotCon, xcom, Open Tech, etc, etc. 13:34, 25 July 2005 (UTC) (User:AlanFord)

 * Keep. Recycle when we run out of paper.  Paul Beardsell 18:34, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately server space cannot be recycled. (unsigned by Vizcarra)
 * Of course it can! But see this.  Paul Beardsell 23:54, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * True, there is no limit on the size of an article or number of topics because we're not limited to physical constraints of paper encyclopedias. However, servers cost money. And everytime you get an error message because the servers are overloaded it should remind you that non-encyclopedic topics shouldn't be on here. There is no "recyclable list" so the best thing is to delete articles that shouldn't take up space. I don't know if Dave Green is notable, it may be notable in his community, but the article doesn't explain how. Writing freelance to magazines that have disappeared and being on committees to organize conferences and being friends with Danny O'Brien does not implay notability. He does seem to have fans or friends who have voted with no previous record of contributing with wikipedia. Is that why he should have an article? --Vizcarra 00:58, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't agree but if I did then I would point out this VfD is longer than the article you want deleted. Your comments alone are longer than the article you want to delete.  So next time you get a server overloaded message...   Paul Beardsell 01:21, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * However, keeping this article would justify the inclusion of every freelance writer (how many are they? tens of thousands?) Every owner of a website (millions like his "snackfood" site) and other hundreds of thousands of people that helpt put together (the thousands of) conferences around the world, thus requiring much more server space than many times the size of this VfD article. So, hopefully my remarks will not go in vain and save server space in the long run. --Vizcarra 02:21, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * keep, UK internet celeb. Edward 19:04:58, 2005-07-26 (UTC)
 * Delete, Not notable enough. Additionally, the claims citing NTK are void in my opinion, since it was in fact Danny O'Brien that did the lion's share of it, as witnessed by the recent lack of content. Daniel Smith 20:51, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * keep, (can I vote for myself?) To be honest, the page doesn't really make me out to be particularly notable - if it makes any difference, I've edited it so it sounds less like I was "just a freelancer" but in fact a valuable and influential member of staff (!). But ultimately, I suspect it comes down to whether you consider NTK sufficiently notable or not, even if - apparently - Danny does "the lion's share" :) Dave Green 11:17, 27 July 2005 (BST) (User:81.136.233.18)
 * You can vote, but the vote won't count because you don't have enough contributions to the wikipedia (there's a determined number of edits necessary before being able to vote). It's easier to argue NTK to be notable, but harder to argue you to be notable. You are not exactly a celebrity outside of the UK (as far as I am aware). And those in the UK haven't provided much information in the article to justify you to be notable (other than saying that "yanks don't know who the f**k Dave Green is).
 * Even if David Green is unknown outside the UK that has never been a criterion for inclusion/exclusion. Many Wikipedians are in the UK and they need an encyclopaedia too!  And there are countless articles on those unknown outside the USA but we are not using that argument to delete those articles.  Paul Beardsell 10:48, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with you, however it has to be clear why he's famous in the UK and the article is not doing that great of a job. Organizing OpenTech: "an informal, low cost, one-day conference about technologies", writing a newsletter, having written (freelance) for two extinct magazines is not newsworthy. --Vizcarra 19:00, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * No offense, you seem like a great guy and you seem to have had many accomplishments, but so have I and I certainly wouldn't write an article about myself. --Vizcarra 16:47, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Vizcarra, if that is so please do write an article about yourself. Paul Beardsell 10:48, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * That would be vain on me. I prefer to write about other people :) --Vizcarra 19:00, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. Both NTK and OpenTech are core parts of the UK tech community, and including one of the key people in both addresses, in part, the US-centric nature of Wikipedia tech bios. ianbetteridge 14:49, 01 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Not sure I should get a vote, but Dave has actually written the majority of NTK for all of its history. I've mostly concentrated on the New and Tracking sections. --Dannyobrien 05:59, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Commment: How ironic that this page justifies having an article about David, much better than the article itself. Somebody cares to expand the article? --Vizcarra 18:52, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * There's this article that explains inclusion of biographies Criteria for inclusion of biographies

 * Keep. I just looked up Dave Green to find out who he was, and what else he had done.  Jeremymiles 19:13, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Nuna

Nuna is the name of a series of crewed solar powered race cars that have won the World Solar Challenge in Australia seven times: in 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2013, 2015 and 2017. The vehicles are built by students who are part of the "Brunel Solar Team" (formerly Nuon Solar Team and Vattenfall Solar Team) at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, sponsored by Brunel (formerly N.V. Nuon Energy).

Design criteria
To have a good chance to win, the car has to:
 * collect as much solar energy as possible
 * use as little energy as possible to drive at a certain speed. This means special attention to:
 * the efficiency of transferring electrical energy to the wheels, and
 * minimizing friction, constituted by:
 * air friction (air resistance), and
 * rolling friction, which in turn is affected by the weight, among other things

Solar cells
The solar cells are made of gallium arsenide (GaAs) and consist of three layers. Sunlight that penetrates the upper layer is used in the lower layers, resulting in an efficiency of over 26%. This type of solar cell is among the best available currently. Apart from efficiency, size also matters, so the entire upper surface of the Nuna 3 is covered with them, except for the cockpit.

Efficiency is optimal when the cells are hit by the solar rays perpendicularly. If not, output is reduced by roughly the cosine of the angle with the perpendicular.

A solar cell gives a certain amount of current for a certain amount of sunlight. The voltage depends on the load (more precisely the resistance of the load). The power is the product of voltage and current and therefore also depends on the load. Over a certain voltage the current of the solar cell quickly drops to zero, as the graph illustrates.

However, the batteries have a fairly constant voltage, which also has a rather different value than that of the solar cells. So a voltage transformation is needed. A special type of DC-DC converter is used to ensure the load resistance presented to the solar cells is such that the solar cells give maximum power, so also at the top of the green line in the graph. This is called a Maximum power point tracker (MPPT). Here too, the goal is to have this conversion achieve maximum efficiency (>97%).

Aerodynamic design
The aerodynamic drag is an important part of the total resistance. Important are the frontal surface area and the coefficient of drag. The shape must be designed to preserve laminar flow, as turbulence causes increased surface drag. The ideal shape is achieved in various stages: From meteorological data at the area where the contest is to take place, it can be concluded that there will likely be a strong side-wind. The wheel caps of the Nuna 3 are designed such that a sidewind will have a propulsory effect.
 * 1) Through computer simulations of the design.
 * 2) Through testing of a scale model in a wind tunnel. For example, liquid paints can be applied to see the flow of air over the surface. The photo shown was taken during one of those tests in the Low Speed Laboratory of the TU Delft.
 * 3) Through testing of the full scale car in a wind tunnel. For this, the DNW Large Low-Speed Facility (LLF) in Marknesse is used.

Motor
The motor is totally encased in the rear wheel to minimise loss through mechanical transmission from motor to wheel (such as in a normal car in the gear box and cardan). The motor is an improved version of the original 1993 Motor of the Spirit of Biel III by the Engineering School of Biel, Switzerland (now: Berner Fachhochschule Technik und Informatik). The improvements are due to completely redeveloped digital power electronics and control, realized 1999. They allowed for 50% more power (over 2400 W) and a 45% higher torque compared to the 1993 Spirit of Biel II. The efficiency of the total drive system (including the power electronics losses) is also improved and is now over 98%. But as the graph shows this depends somewhat on the speed and increases with speed. The design was initially made to reach its maximum performance at the normal cruising speed of the solar car at around 100 km/h.

The race
Winning the race requires not just a good vehicle but also a clever way of driving it, in accordance with the characteristics of the track. Which is why this has been researched for two months prior to the race. Height differences are mapped and linked to GPS data. From this, during the race, the optimal speed can be determined.

Despite all testing and other preparations, one uncertain factor remains; the weather. Any clouds would strongly influence the amount of sunlight that can be captured. So any weather changes along the track will have to be constantly monitored. All these data are analysed by a computer model that constantly computes the ideal speed for that moment. This equipment is built into (petrol powered) pilot cars. Through telemetry these constantly receive data about the condition of the batteries and the amount of captured sunlight.

Team
Each version of the Nuna has been built by a team consisting of students of the Delft University of Technology. The team has between ten and twenty team members. They take a year off from their studies to design and build a new version of the solar racer from scratch. In 2001 the Nuna 1 was built by the alpha-centauri team. They were provided with guidance from former astronaut Wubbo Ockels. From 2002 until 2019 the team has been called the Nuon Solar Team. Since 2022 the team is called the Brunel Solar Team.

Nuna 1 (2001)
The first Nuna Team (Alpha Centauri Team) was sponsored by Nuon. The team consisted mainly of students from the Delft University of Technology who were guided by former astronaut Wubbo Ockels. It was the first time that the Dutch team participated in the race, and they won the 3021 km long race in 32 hours and 39 minutes, breaking the old record by the Honda-team from 1996 (33 hours and 32 minutes). The average speed was 91.8 kilometer per hour.

Nuna 2 (2003)
Nuna 2 won the race in 31.05 hours averaging a speed of 97.02 km/h for the 3021 km course, breaking the course record of the team's previous Nuna 1.

Nuna 3 (2005)
Nuna 3 was one of the favourites for the 2005 edition of the World Solar Challenge with a pre-race test-drive speed of 130 km/h. The final result was that the 3021 kilometers between Darwin and Adelaide were covered in a record 29 hours and 11 minutes, averaging about 103 km/h. This is still the current record for the World Solar Challenge.

Nuna 4 (2007)
The main changes to the Nuna 4 from its predecessor the Nuna 3 are a steering wheel instead of levers, an upright seat instead of the driver lying down and a smaller solar panel of 6 m2 compared to the previous 9 m2. These changes were necessitated by changes in the rules prompted by alleged safety concerns and attempts to make the car more like a real car, and by reductions in the speed limit on Australian roads. The Nuna 4 won in 2007.

Nuna 5 (2009)

The main changes to the Nuna 5 from its predecessor the Nuna 4 was the diminished battery weight, changing from 30 kg in 2007 to 25 kg. Other changes required cars not be allowed to race on previously used slicks (smooth tires), instead requiring profiled (treaded or grooved) tires. Also, the driver was required to sit more upright with a seating angle of, at most, 27 degrees. It finished second.

Nuna 6 (2011)

The main changes to the Nuna 6 from its predecessor the Nuna 5 is the change of solar cells to monocrystalline silicon cells, and the battery mass - both in accordance with the new rules. The weight of the car and aerodynamic drag have also been reduced.

Nuna 7 (2013)
The main change to the Nuna 7 from its predecessors is that it has four wheels instead of three, as required by the new rules of the World solar challenge. The vehicle is also asymmetric, as the driver's cabin is on the right side. The weight of the batteries and vehicle are barely changed with respect to its predecessor, Nuna 6. Nuna 7 won the 2013 Bridgestone World Solar Challenge.

Nuna 8 (2015)
In the challenger class, the team from Delft University of Technology retained the title with Nuna 8 and an average speed of 91.75 km/h (57.01 mph), just ahead of their Dutch counterparts, the University of Twente, who led most of the race, but finished just 8 minutes behind them in second place. A modified version of the car, Nuna 8S, won the 2016 Sasol Solar Challenge in South Africa.

Nuna 9 (2017)
In the challenger class, the team from Delft again retained their title with Nuna 9 and an average speed of 81.2 km/h (50.5 mph), just ahead of the University of Michigan Solar Car Team. A modified version of the car, Nuna 9S, won the 2018 Sasol Solar Challenge in South Africa.

Nuna X (2019)
Nuna X (10) was in first place on the last day of the race with an average speed of 85.22 km/h (52.95 mph), but their race ended abruptly due to a fire in the car. The car burned down within minutes, preventing the team from capturing the 8th world title. This was the first time since the team started participating in the World Solar Challenge that they failed to secure a place on the podium. A modified version of the car, Nuna Phoenix, set a world record for the most amount of kilometers driven using just the power of the sun: 924 km after their race got cancelled due to COVID-19.

Nuna 11 (2021)
Nuna 11 faced the similar problems as Nuna Phoenix. At the beginning of their design period it seemed that the 2021 version of the World Solar Challenge would take place. But a couple of months before the event, it got cancelled because of COVID-19. It resulted in the team setting up the Moroccan Solar Challenge where they finished in the third place. A modified version of the car, Nuna 11s, won the 2022 Sasol Solar Challenge in South Africa.

title: Nuna


text:
Talk:Billionaires

Other possible redirections would include

Billionaires, Inc.

Billionaires For Bush

I think a disambiguation page is in order.

title: Talk:Billionaires


text:
William Henry Marsh

Sir William Henry Marsh   (1827–21 July 1906; Chinese Translated Name: 馬殊; 馬師 also infrequently used) was a British colonial administrator, who governed Hong Kong twice. The first tenure started in March 1882, and ended in March 1883, when Sir George Bowen succeeded him as the 9th Governor of Hong Kong. The second tenure started in December 1885, and ended in April, 1887, when Major-General William Cameron succeeded him as Colonial Administrator.

Memory
Marsh Road in Wan Chai, Hong Kong Island and Marsh Street in Hung Hom were named after him.

title: William Henry Marsh


text:
False prophet

In religion, a false prophet or pseudoprophet is a person who falsely claims the gift of prophecy or divine inspiration, or to speak for God, or who makes such claims for evil ends. Often, someone who is considered a "true prophet" by some people is simultaneously considered a "false prophet" by others, even within the same religion as the "prophet" in question. In a wider sense, it is anyone who, without having it, claims a special connection to the deity and sets themself up as a source of spirituality, as an authority, preacher, or teacher. Analogously, the term is sometimes applied outside religion to describe someone who fervently promotes a theory that the speaker thinks is false.

Christianity

Christian eschatology originated with the public life and preaching of Jesus. Throughout the New Testament and some of the early Christian apocryphal writings, Jesus warns his disciples and apostles multiple times of both false prophets and false Messiahs, and believers are frequently adjured to beware of them and stay vigilant.

Gospels
In the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew ), Jesus warns his followers of false prophets:

 * "Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep's clothing but inwardly are ravenous wolves. You will know them by their fruits. Are grapes gathered from thorns, or figs from thistles? So, every sound tree bears good fruit, but the bad tree bears evil fruit. A sound tree cannot bear evil fruit, nor can a bad tree bear good fruit. Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. Thus you will know them by their fruits."

The canonical gospels address the same point of a false prophet predicting correctly, and Jesus predicted the future appearance of false Christs and false prophets, affirming that they can perform great signs and miracles, for example, in the Olivet Discourse given on the Mount of Olives:

 * "And Jesus began to say to them, “Take heed that no one leads you astray. Many will come in my name, saying, I am he! and they will lead many astray. And when you hear of wars and rumors of wars, do not be alarmed; this must take place, but the end is not yet. [...] And then if any one says to you, Look, here is the Christ! or Look, there he is! do not believe it. False Christs and false prophets will arise and show signs and wonders, to lead astray, if possible, the elect. But take heed; I have told you all things beforehand”." (Mark, )
 * "Take heed that no one leads you astray. For many will come in my name, saying, I am the Christ, and they will lead many astray. [...] And many false prophets will arise and lead many astray. [...] Then if any one says to you, Lo, here is the Christ! or There he is!, do not believe it. For false Christs and false prophets will arise and show great signs and wonders, so as to lead astray, if possible, even the elect. Lo, I have told you beforehand. So, if they say to you, Lo, he is in the wilderness, do not go out; if they say, Lo, he is in the inner rooms, do not believe it." (Matthew, , )

In the Gospel of Luke, Jesus brought out an ethical application for his disciples using the analogy of false prophets in the Old Testament:

 * "Woe to you, when all men speak well of you, for so their fathers did to the false prophets." (Luke )

Acts and Epistles
In the Book of Acts, the apostles Paul and Barnabas encountered a false prophet named Elymas Bar-Jesus on the island of Cyprus:

 * "When they had gone through the whole island as far as Paphos, they came upon a certain magician, a Jewish false prophet, named Bar-Jesus. He was with the proconsul, Sergius Paulus, a man of intelligence, who summoned Barnabas and Saul and sought to hear the word of God. But Elymas the magician (for that is the meaning of his name) withstood them, seeking to turn away the proconsul from the faith. But Saul, who is also called Paul, filled with the Holy Spirit, looked intently at him and said, “You son of the devil, you enemy of all righteousness, full of all deceit and villainy, will you not stop making crooked the straight paths of the Lord? And now, behold, the hand of the Lord is upon you, and you shall be blind and unable to see the sun for a time.” Immediately mist and darkness fell upon him and he went about seeking people to lead him by the hand. Then the proconsul believed, when he saw what had occurred, for he was astonished at the teaching of the Lord." (Acts )

This particular story likewise best matches the model found in Deuteronomy. The claim here is that Elymas is trying to turn Sergius Paulus from the true faith, just like the false prophet described in the preceding verses. In these verses, we do not see Elymas prophesying as the term is popularly understood, so the model seems to fit this scenario best.

The Second Epistle of Peter makes a comparison between false teachers and false prophets and how the former will bring in false teachings, just like the false prophets of old:

 * "But false prophets also arose among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you, who will secretly bring in destructive heresies, even denying the Master who bought them, bringing upon themselves swift destruction. And many will follow their licentiousness, and because of them, the way of truth will be reviled. And in their greed they will exploit you with false words; from of old their condemnation has not been idle, and their destruction has not been asleep." (2 Peter )

The First Epistle of John warns those of the Christian faith to test every spirit because of these false prophets:

 * "Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are of God; for many false prophets have gone out into the world. By this, you know the Spirit of God: every spirit which confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is of God, and every spirit which does not confess Jesus is not of God. This is the spirit of antichrist, of which you heard that it was coming, and now it is in the world already." (1 John )

The false prophet of Revelation
The most well-known New Testament false prophet is the one mentioned in the Book of Revelation. The False Prophet is ultimately cast into the fiery lake with burning sulphur: "And the Beast was captured, and with it the false prophet who in its presence had worked the signs by which he deceived those who had received the mark of the Beast and those who worshiped its image. These two were thrown alive into the lake of fire that burns with sulphur." "And the Devil who had deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire and sulphur, where the Beast and the false prophet were, and shall be tormented day and night forever and ever."

Another mention of a false prophet in the New Testament is the "antichrist spirit which denies the Son". In the New Testament, the word antichrist (Greek: antikhristos) appears mainly in the Johannine epistles and in the plural, denoting those who deny and/or don't believe in the messianship of Jesus. A similar term, pseudochrist (Greek: pseudokhristos, meaning "false messiah"), is used by Jesus in the Gospels. These terms seem to refer to a category of people rather than a single individual.

Islam
The Quran states that Muhammad is the "Seal of the Prophets" and Last and Final of the Prophets, which is understood by mainstream Sunni and Shīʿa Muslims to mean that anyone who claims to be a new prophet after him is a false prophet. All mainstream Muslim scholars' perspectives from both Sunni and Shīʿa denominations don't consider the Second Coming of ʿĪsā (Jesus) as the coming of a new prophet, since the Islamic Messiah had already been an existing prophet and will rule by the Quran and sunnah of Muhammad, bringing no new revelation or prophecy.

Thawban ibn Kaidad narrated that Muhammad said: "'There will be 30 dajjals among my Ummah. Each one will claim that he is a prophet; but I am the last of the Prophets (Seal of the Prophets), and there will be no Prophet after me.'"

Abu Hurairah narrated that Muhammad said: "'The Hour will not be established (1) till two big groups fight each other whereupon there will be a great number of casualties on both sides and they will be following one and the same religious doctrine, (2) till about thirty Dajjals (liars) appear, and each one of them will claim that he is Allah's Messenger...'"

Muhammad also stated that the last of these dajjals would be the Antichrist, Al-Masih ad-Dajjal (دجّال). The Dajjal is never mentioned in the Quran but he's mentioned and described in the ḥadīth literature. Like in Christianity, the Dajjal is said to emerge out in the east, although the specific location varies among the various sources. The Dajjal will imitate the miracles performed by ʿĪsā (Jesus), such as healing the sick and raising the dead, the latter done with the aid of demons (Shayāṭīn). He will deceive many people, such as weavers, magicians, half-castes, and children of prostitutes, but the majority of his followers will be Jews. According to the Islamic eschatological narrative, the events related to the final battle before the Day of Judgment will proceed in the following order: "11 Hadith also report on the “Greater Signs” of the end, which include the appearance of the Antichrist (Dajjal) and the reappearance of the prophet Jesus to join in battle with him at Dabbiq in Syria, as well as the arrival of the Mahdī, the “guided one.” As another hadith attributed to Alī ibn Abī Talib puts it, “Most of the Dajjal’s followers are Jews and children of fornication; the Dajjal will be killed in Syria, at a pass called the Pass of Afiq, after three hours are gone from the day, at the hand of Jesus'."

Samra ibn Jundab reported that once Muhammad, while delivering a ceremonial speech at an occasion of a solar eclipse, said: "'Verily by Allah, the Last Hour will not come until 30 dajjals will appear and the final one will be the One-eyed False Messiah.'"

Anas ibn Malik narrated that Muhammad said: "There is never a prophet who has not warned the Ummah of that one-eyed liar; behold he is one-eyed and your Lord is not one-eyed. On his forehead are the letters k f. r. (Kafir)." "Dajjal is blind of one eye and there is written between his eyes the word' Kafir'. He then spelled the word as k. f. r., which every Muslim would be able to read."

Imam Mahdi (ٱلْمَهْدِيّ, meaning "the rightly guided one") is the redeemer according to Islam. Just like the Dajjal, the Mahdi is never mentioned in the Quran but his description can be found in the ḥadīth literature; according to the Islamic eschatological narrative, he will appear on Earth before the Day of Judgment. At the time of the Second Coming of Christ, the prophet ʿĪsā shall return to defeat and kill al-Masih ad-Dajjal. Muslims believe that both ʿĪsā and the Mahdi will rid the world of wrongdoing, injustice, and tyranny, ensuring peace and tranquility. Eventually, the Dajjal will be killed by the Mahdi and ʿĪsā at the gate of Lud, who upon seeing Dajjal will cause him to slowly dissolve (like salt in water).

Judaism
Jesus is rejected in every branch of Judaism as a failed Jewish Messiah claimant and a false prophet.

 * "If a prophet, or one who foretells by dreams, appears among you and announces to you a miraculous sign or wonder, and if the sign or wonder of which he has spoken takes place, and he says, 'Let us follow other gods' (gods you have not known) 'and let us worship them,' you must not listen to the words of that prophet or dreamer. The Lord your God is testing you to find out whether you love him with all your heart and with all your soul. It is the Lord your God you must follow, and him you must revere. Keep his commands and obey him; serve him and hold fast to him. That prophet or dreamer must be put to death, because he preached rebellion against the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt and redeemed you from the land of slavery; he has tried to turn you from the way the Lord your God commanded you to follow. You must purge the evil from among you" (Deuteronomy ).

The Books of Kings records a story where, under duress from Ahab, the prophet Micaiah depicts God as requesting information from his heavenly counsel as to what he should do with a court of false prophets. This depiction is recorded in 1 Kings :
 * "Micaiah continued, 'Therefore hear the word of the Lord: I saw the Lord sitting on his throne with all the host of heaven standing around him on his right and on his left.' And the Lord said, 'Who will entice Ahab into attacking Ramoth Gilead and going to his death there?'"
 * "One suggested this, and another that. Finally, a spirit came forward, stood before the Lord and said, 'I will entice him.'"
 * "'By what means?' the Lord asked."
 * "'I will go out and be a lying spirit in the mouths of all his prophets,' he said."
 * "'You will succeed in enticing him,' said the Lord. 'Go and do it.'"
 * "So now the Lord has put a lying spirit in the mouths of all these prophets of yours. The Lord has decreed disaster for you".

It is possible that Micaiah meant to depict the false prophets as a test from YHWH. It is also possible that it was meant as a slur on Ahab's prophets, such as Zedekiah, the son of Chenaanah.

The penalty for false prophecy, including speaking in the name of a god other than YHWH or speaking presumptuously in YHWH's name, is death. Likewise, if a prophet makes a prophecy in the name of YHWH that does not come to pass, that is another sign that he is not commissioned of YHWH and that the people need not fear the false prophet.

The Jewish Koine Greek term pseudoprophetes occurs in the Septuagint (Jeremiah 6:13, 33:8-11, 34:9, 36:1-8, Zechariah 13:2); Flavius Josephus (Antiquities of the Jews 8-13-1, 10-7-3, The Jewish War 6-5-2); and Philo of Alexandria (Specific Laws 3:8). Classical Pagan writers used the term pseudomantis.

Use outside of religions
The term false prophet is sometimes applied outside religious usage, to describe promoters of scientific, medical, or political theories which the author of the phrase thinks are false. Paul Offit's 2008 book Autism's False Prophets applied the phrase to promoters of unproven theories and therapies such as the unsupported relationship between thiomersal and vaccines and chelation therapy. Ronald Bailey's 1993 book Ecoscam: The False Prophets of Ecological Apocalypse applied the phrase to promoters of the global warming hypothesis; however, by 2005 Bailey had changed his mind, writing "Anyone still holding onto the idea that there is no global warming ought to hang it up."

title: False prophet


text:
Talk:29th (Worcestershire) Regiment of Foot

Opening comment
Thank you Pentawing, for cleaning up what I wrote up on the two and a hook. Glad to see someone read it!

Added that they were defended in the Boston trial by John Adams - later President of the US.--Lepeu1999 15:49, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

Boston Massacre
I don't know that the company involved in the Boston Massacre was a Grenadier company. The only reference to their being Grenadiers came from "Andrew", an African American slave in the crowd who was owned by Oliver Wendell. It is not because he is a slave that I discount this mention of the company, but because he is a civilian. Preston nor any other witness, soldier, or court document makes mention of their being Grenadiers, to my knowledge. If anyone has further proof that they were Grenadiers, it would be helpful to post the reference. Kill Cavalry (talk) 15:25, 29 April 2008 (UTC)
 * In Zobel's book he says they are Grenadiers except for Cpl. Wymes who was Cpl. of the Guard that night.Marc29th (talk) 17:34, 29 April 2008 (UTC)
 * It isn't absolutely clear from the article that the 'men involved' who were tried for murder were soldiers of the 29th rather than citizens although logic leads to that conclusion by the end of the sentence. For fluency's sake, I have substituted 'soldiers' for 'men.'

JF42 (talk) 07:13, 12 January 2015 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was moved. – Juliancolton  | Talk 01:14, 10 October 2009 (UTC)

29th Regiment of Foot → 29th (Worcestershire) Regiment of Foot — Consistency with other existing articles e.g. 28th (North Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot, 30th (Cambridgeshire) Regiment of Foot, 31st (Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot. Lozleader (talk) 16:10, 2 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Support and dab if we have any other articles on the 29th foot soldier regiments of other names. 76.66.197.30 (talk) 04:06, 3 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Support as above Jubilee♫ clipman 18:01, 7 October 2009 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.


text:
PBS Wisconsin

PBS Wisconsin (formerly Wisconsin Public Television or WPT) is a network of non-commercial educational television stations operated primarily by the Wisconsin Educational Communications Board and the University of Wisconsin–Madison. It comprises all of the PBS member stations in the state outside of Milwaukee (which has its own PBS stations).

The state network is available via flagship station WHA-TV in Madison and five full-power satellite stations throughout most of Wisconsin. As of April 5, 2009, all stations have converted to digital-only transmissions. PBS Wisconsin is also available on most satellite and cable television outlets. WHA-TV, along with Chicago-based WTTW, serve the Rockford, Illinois, television market exclusively through cable and satellite, as Rockford is one of a few television markets in the United States that lacks a PBS station of its own.

Until the gradual move of instructional broadcasting to IPTV services, the network, as Wisconsin Public Television, was the main conduit of educational television, GED preparation and instructional television programming produced by the WECB, which aired through PBS, Annenberg Media, those stations serving portions of Wisconsin without a WPT station, and other educational television distributors. As of October 2014, the WECB now distributes this programming exclusively online, allowing the over-the-air network to carry PBS programming full-time.

History
WHA-TV signed on the air on May 3, 1954, as the first educational station in Wisconsin and the seventh in the United States. WHA-TV is the only public television station in the country that maintains a three-letter callsign, and one of only three analog-era UHF stations altogether (along with WHP-TV in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and WWJ-TV in Detroit) with a three-letter callsign.

Wisconsin was a relative latecomer to educational television, despite its earlier leading role in educational radio. Channel 21's radio sister, WHA-AM, is one of the oldest educational radio stations in the world. By the time channel 21 signed on, UW had already launched a radio network that evolved into today's Wisconsin Public Radio. However, for most of the time from the 1950s through the 1970s, it was one of only three stations in the state that was a member of National Educational Television (NET) and its successor, PBS. The others were WMVS (channel 10) and WMVT (channel 36) in Milwaukee. The only other areas of the state outside of Milwaukee and Madison that had a clear signal from an NET/PBS member station were the northwest (from Duluth, Minnesota's WDSE-TV) and the southwest (from the Twin Cities' KTCA-TV). During the late 60s and into the early 70s, commercial station KFIZ-TV in Fond du Lac was contracted by the UW-Madison Board of Regents to simulcast portions of WHA-TV's broadcast day, bringing WHA's programming into the Green Bay and Milwaukee markets.

In 1971, the state legislature created the Wisconsin Educational Communications Board, activating five stations as semi-satellites of WHA-TV during the 1970s; the network launched using new studio facilities located within Vilas Hall on the UW–Madison campus, along with WHA-TV and WHA radio. The first was WPNE-TV in Green Bay in 1972, ending KFIZ-TV's part-time affiliation with WHA (and hastening its demise only two months after WPNE went on the air). This was followed by WHWC-TV in Menomonie and WHLA-TV in La Crosse in 1973; WHRM-TV in Wausau in 1975 and WLEF in Park Falls in 1977, most taking call signs that originated from their co-owned radio counterparts. Originally, programming origination was split between WHA-TV and WPNE-TV. The stations adopted the on-air name of "Wisconsin Public Television" in 1986, and by then WHA-TV had become the sole originating station. Transmission and station identification is based out of ECB's Madison facility; all stations still maintain studios at their respective universities but have generally been deprecated with the evolution of public broadcasting and technology.

From 1960 to 2007, WHA-TV/WPT aired same-day tape-delayed coverage of some Wisconsin Badgers football and men's basketball home games, which was produced in association with UW-Madison's athletic department. This ended in 2007 with the Big Ten Conference's new media rights deals (including the new Big Ten Network cable channel). The state network offers tape-delayed broadcasts of Badgers men's and women's hockey, women's basketball and volleyball throughout the year over the secondary Wisconsin Channel.

In 2018, Wisconsin Public Television collaborated with the American Archive of Public Broadcasting to preserve digitized items in the WPT collection.

On November 4, 2019, Wisconsin Public Television was renamed PBS Wisconsin, aligning itself with the new national PBS brand identity unveiled the same day.

Full-power stations
There are six full-power stations in the state network, each located in major cities throughout the state, and all are broadcast on the UHF band. On April 5, 2009, the state network ended analog service for all stations, which map to their former analog channel location; WLEF's analog signal was terminated on February 3, 2009. All digital facilities and channels in the network except for WLEF were designed for pre- and post-transition use.

WPNE moved its physical channel from 42 to 25 on July 1, 2018, and WHLA moved its physical channel from 30 to 15 on September 7, 2018, both as part of the FCC's spectrum repacking, but both stations continue to use their virtual channel mappings.

Subchannels
All transmitters broadcast the same four digital subchannels.

 * The programming schedule of all three channels over-the-air depends on the main network schedule; before October 2014, on late nights without overnight instructional programming, WPT went off the air at 1 a.m. and signed back on at 6 a.m. However, after a January 2010 transmitter problem took down WPNE and commercial station WBAY-TV in Green Bay during an off the air period for two weeks, the network switched from turning off their transmitters to mainly airing a network station identification card with an outline map of the network's service in the state during off-the-air hours.
 * Beginning in October 2014, the network began 24-hour service using the late night national PBS feed or network programming to fill the overnight hours, and discontinued most instructional programming outside of one overnight hour of UW-Madison/Wisconsin Public Radio programming under the title University Place.
 * A previous locally programmed PBS Kids 24/7 service aired on WPT's .2 subchannel until 2007, when PBS discontinued the service due to their interest in Sprout until 2013; subsequently the Wisconsin Channel launched in its place, along with a modified children's programming schedule across both services. The channel resumed service in January 2017 upon the launch of the national PBS Kids service on its fourth subchannel.
 * Since converting all their operations to digital in April 2009, PBS Wisconsin has broadcast their programming in the 720p high definition format, reduced from PBS' master 1080i resolution.

Translators
A translator network also serves portions of the state where over-the-air reception for a full-power station is hindered by area topography (or in the case of Door County, distance from Green Bay), and to fill in holes between full-power stations. All of the listed translators are owned by the WECB, and flash-cut from analog to digital in the first two weeks of November 2008, including adding the subchannel services. Each translator has its virtual channel mapped to the channel number of the closest full-power station to the translator.

 * W16DU-D Bloomington (translates WHLA-TV)
 * W17DZ-D Sister Bay (translates WPNE-TV)
 * W19EN-D River Falls (translates WHWC-TV)
 * W24CL-D Grantsburg (translates WHWC-TV)
 * W29ET-D Coloma (translates WHRM-TV)
 * W30DZ-D Fence (translates WLEF-TV)

Network programming in Milwaukee and Superior–Duluth
PBS Wisconsin's public affairs programming is carried by WMVS in Milwaukee, including Here and Now, while Duluth's WDSE airs the shows in northeast Minnesota and northwest Wisconsin. The two stations also air the state network's live teen issues program Teen Connection quarterly with PBS Wisconsin, along with political debates and other important events originating from the Capitol such as the State of the State address and biennial budget address produced by the state network; in turn some Milwaukee PBS programming (such as Outdoor Wisconsin) and MPTV-produced debates air on PBS Wisconsin, with programs such as Wisconsin Foodie in turn airing on WMVS. Some of the state network's tape-delayed sports coverage airs in Milwaukee on WMVT.

In March 2021, PBS Wisconsin, by way of WHA-TV, was quietly added to Dish Network's Duluth–Superior local feed in standard definition.

National presentations

 * Around the Farm Table – food and farming show
 * Once Upon a Christmas Cheery, In the Lab of Shakhashiri – seasonal special
 * Sewing with Nancy – sewing show
 * Storylords – educational fantasy series
 * The War at Home – documentary

title: PBS Wisconsin


text:
KMXB

KMXB (94.1 FM, "Mix 94-1") is a commercial radio station licensed to Henderson, Nevada, and serving the Las Vegas radio market. KMXB airs a hot adult contemporary radio format and is owned by Audacy, Inc. The station's studios and offices are located in the unincorporated Clark County community of Spring Valley, while its transmitter is atop Black Mountain in Henderson.

KMXB broadcasts in the HD Radio format. Its HD2 subchannel carries Channel Q, an Audacy format of LGBTQ talk and EDM dance music. The HD3 subchannel carries a talk format branded as "101.5 K-Dawn", which serves as the continuation of the programming of the former KDWN and the originating station for translator station K268CS (101.5).

History
The station signed on the air on February 10, 1971. KXTZ was a beautiful music station from 1971 until 1994. The call sign spelled out the moniker "Ecstasy". KXTZ beat the market's easy listening music competitor KEER-FM 97.1, forcing that station to switch formats in 1984.

In 1994, KXTZ switched formats. It changed first to soft adult contemporary music and then to urban AC. In the mid 1990s, the call sign was switched from KXTZ to KJMZ. The station was known as "94.1 - Jamz". In 1996, KJMZ became KMXB ("Mix 94.1"). The first song played on KMXB was Nirvana's "Come As You Are." In 1998, KMXB was acquired by Infinity Broadcasting, which later merged with CBS Radio.

In 1999, KMXB's morning drive time show, "Mark and Mercedes in the Morning", appeared on an episode of Everybody Loves Raymond, a popular TV sitcom. "Mark and Mercedes in the Morning," celebrated their 10-year anniversary in 2007.

On February 2, 2017, CBS Radio announced it would merge with Entercom. The merger was approved on November 9, 2017, and was consummated on November 17.

In December 2007, KMXB's "Mark & Mercedes in the Morning" scored the first post-rehab interview with Lindsay Lohan in a contest where listeners had to get celebrities to call in for Hannah Montana tickets.

HD2
KMXB-HD2 aired an 1980s/1990s hits format, branded as "Rewind 94.1", which was previously located on sister station KXTE-HD2.

On October 11, 2018, KMXB-HD2 switched to an LGBTQ talk/EDM format from Entercom, branded as "Out Now". On November 1, 2018, the station rebranded as Channel Q.

During the run of the 2024 National Association of Broadcasters convention (typically shortened to "The NAB Show", and held annually at the Las Vegas Convention Center) in April of that year, KMXB-HD2 temporarily flipped to a micro-format branded as "Audacy Innovation Radio, Live from NAB", carrying an assortment of different formats with Audacy's in-house staffers running them; the intention was to show off new broadcasting innovations done to the equipment by both Audacy and broadcast system manufacturer Super Hi-Fi, and would effectively serve as a test run for new broadcasting equipment to be used on Audacy HD-broadcast stations nationwide, with the announcement made shortly after the convention on April 18; the station reverted to the Channel Q format at that time.

HD3
KMXB-HD3 serves as the originating station for translator station K268CS (101.5 FM), which carries the talk radio programming formerly heard on KDWN (720 AM) until March 2023. It continues to be branded "101.5 K-Dawn".

title: KMXB


text:
Talk:8th Infantry Division (United States)

Shoulder Sleeve Patch
A good image of the 8th ID's pacth can be found at the following URL: http://www.basher82.nl/unit%20emblem/8%20inf%20div.jpg

Further, images for other units (specifically those airborne), though not all of them are divisions, can be found at this URL: http://www.qmmuseum.lee.army.mil/airborne/patches.html --SOCL 01:34, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I have been redesigning all the patches into SVG versions. Give me a little time, and I will eventually get to all of them, I hope. -- Steven Williamson (HiB2Bornot2B) - talk 19:06, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

Many commanders
Why did they have 12 commanders in less than a year in WWI? They seem to have a lot in general.BarkingMoon (talk) 02:20, 13 May 2011 (UTC)

Desert Storm
The lead says they were in this war, but the article doesn't cover it at allBarkingMoon (talk) 02:21, 13 May 2011 (UTC)

Cannibalism
The article states that when the Division liberated Neuengamme they found that some inmates had resorted to cannibalism to survive. May I suggest that it be made clear that this intends to refer to scavenging corpses of inmates who had already themselves died of starvation, disease, etc.? I would not like the article to give the impression that inmates, as desperate as they were, had actually resorted to killing inmates weaker than them and then cannibalising them to survive. Thank you. Partnerfrance (talk) 14:10, 29 September 2014 (UTC)

General Davis or Davison
This is a comment I left on the user's webpage that keeps reverting Gen. Davis' name to Davison. He says he's right, and I'm not going to quibble.

OK, thank you for your comment on my page. Your reference seems helpful. I followed the link and read the article, and your source seems valid

But, when I was in 8th Infantry the chain-of-command photos had his specifically captioned "General Frederic Davis." I remember that as it was the first time I'd seen "Frederic" without a "k." Not saying I was a really strac trooper who memorized everything everywhere, but's that's really what it said where I was.

So, knowing how much history has been changed since Gen. Davis had the 8th Infantry, I'm not going to argue the point with you. But I also believe the listed dates of his command are also wrong, as I remember his photo being on the chain-of-command pictures that were outside the company's orderly room, and we had to check them every time we had guard duty in case we were asked who was in what position at that time. I was doing guard duty 'way past the end of 1973, and his picture was still there. In fact, all the time I was there his was the only photo of the division's commanding general.

I never met him, I never personally saw him, so really the only facts I have to go on was that photo on the wall. So, if there was a change in command, I never heard of it and the chain-of-command photos were never changed in that company. That's a major lapse on the part of the company's orderly room, and further, I never heard of Generals McDonough or Cleland, either. I was there until '76, and, according to Wikipedia, there were three different commanding generals during my service there. Never heard of any of them other than Davis, and his was the only photo of a commanding general I ever saw.

I was at a fairly isolated post, but when there's a change-of-command in a division, everyone knows about it. I never did, nor, apparently, did the company's commanders where I was.

Like I said, I'm not going to argue with you, but Wikipedia has history that doesn't match not only my personal memories, but written ones, too. So have fun with "Davison," and if I'm the one who's wrong, it's not my fault. It's whoever was in charge of the pictures.--2602:306:3600:95B0:75A5:5639:6D1D:3E15 (talk) 17:35, 27 December 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Unit DUIS not added to article yet
File:3rd Bde 8th ID crest 1.jpg File:8th Inf Div Honor Guard DUI.jpg File:8th Inf Div NCOA crest.jpg Mikeofv (talk) 16:46, 9 January 2018 (UTC)

"Stroh was the only General in WW2 to be relived, then reinstated to a combat command."
The article says that "Stroh was the only General in WW2 to be reli[e]ved, then reinstated to a combat command."

This is not true and I can think of no way to refine the statement to make it true. Even if we define this narrowly to mean U.S. Army division commanders who were relieved for reasons other than reassignment to a higher or lateral position (e.g., "fired" or health/personal reasons), we should very quickly come up with examples such as Terry de la Mesa Allen and Orlando Ward who were relieved of division command but later commanded divisions in combat. (Allen was relieved from command of the 1st Infantry Division in 1943 but later given command of the 104th Infantry Division. Ward was relieved from command of the 1st Armored Division but later given command of the 20th Armored Division.) Widening the net somewhat, John Milliken was relieved from command of III Corps but later given command of the 13th Armored Division.

173.13.56.233 (talk) 14:15, 19 October 2021 (UTC)

 * In addition to the examples cited above, I know that Leroy H. Watson was relieved of command of the 3rd Armored Division and reduced in rank to colonel. He was later promoted back to brigadier general and commanded the 79th Infantry Division. Eugene M. Landrum was relieved as commander of the 90th Infantry Division and later commanded the 71st Infantry Division. There may be others. It seems to me that the suspect sentence is definitely not true and should be removed. I'll do it.

 * Billmckern (talk) 16:30, 19 October 2021 (UTC)

 * I had considered those examples as well. Watson and Landrum were restored to division command roles after the fighting in Europe had ended. So someone pushing for Stroh's uniqueness could say they didn't count because they weren't given combat commands, just occupation/garrison/demobilization commands. I believe if you look at division commanders in late 1945 you come up with a number of officers who had rough spots in their careers. Going back to the 13th Armored Division, its final commander during 1945 (post-VE Day) was Brigadier General Wayland B. Augur who'd been relieved as Assistant Division Commander in mid-April 1945 during a purge of the division's leadership provoked by a poor initial combat performance, then was reinstated about a week later. (The division commander, Major General John B. Wogan, was seriously wounded in action during this time and it's an open question whether he was on the verge of relief.) Like I said, I was trying to think of some way in which the statement about Stroh could be true. I still came up empty. So removing the sentence is the right call. Perhaps someone can articulate what was so unique about Stroh's situation. Certainly I like to read personal details.

 * 173.13.56.233 (talk) 21:38, 20 October 2021 (UTC)

I removed that content because it did not cite reliable sources
Your edits violate WP:V and MOS:ICON. How are you going to fix this? Chris Troutman ( talk ) 21:03, 11 October 2022 (UTC)

Mention of the 8th Infantry Division in Fort Carson Colorado in the mid 50s
I'm curious about the history. I was an enlistee in the US Army from May 1955 until 1958. My basic training was held at Fort Carson Colorado where I was a member of the 8th Infantry Division. I have no other proof that the 8th Infantry was in Colorado, a fact never mentioned in the present test, except the shoulder patches I wore on my uniform. I'm interested in any comment on this history.

UIowagrad (talk) 20:08, 7 March 2023 (UTC)


text:
Samuel Goldwyn Jr.

Samuel John Goldwyn Jr. (September 7, 1926 – January 9, 2015) was an American film producer.

Early life
Samuel Goldwyn Jr. was born on September 7, 1926, in Los Angeles, California, the son of actress Frances Howard (1903–1976) and the pioneer motion picture mogul Samuel Goldwyn (1882–1974). He attended Fountain Valley School in Colorado Springs, Colorado and the University of Virginia. He was raised Catholic like his mother, at her insistence.

Career
After serving in the United States Army during World War II, he worked as a theatrical producer in London and for Edward R. Murrow at CBS in New York. He then followed in his father's footsteps and founded the motion picture production companies Formosa Productions, The Samuel Goldwyn Company and Samuel Goldwyn Films.

In 1950 Goldwyn married actor Jennifer Howard (1925–1993), the daughter of prominent author and screenwriter Sidney Howard. The couple had four children including actor Tony Goldwyn and studio executive John Goldwyn. They divorced in 1968 and he then married Peggy Elliot, with whom he had two children, including Liz Goldwyn. His second marriage also ended in divorce. At the time of his death he was married to his third wife, Patricia Strawn.

Death
Goldwyn died of congestive heart failure on January 9, 2015, at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 88.

Partial filmography
He was a producer in all films unless otherwise noted.

Film

 * Miscellaneous crew

 * As director

 * Thanks

title: Samuel Goldwyn Jr.


text:
Sour Grapes (1998 film)

Sour Grapes is a 1998 American black comedy film written and directed by Larry David and starring Steven Weber, Craig Bierko, Viola Harris, Karen Sillas, Robyn Peterman and Matt Keeslar. It was released on April 17, 1998, by Columbia Pictures.

Plot
Richie Maxwell is down to his last quarter at a slot machine in Atlantic City, so he asks his cousin Evan for two more coins for one more spin – a spin that wins a $436,000 jackpot.

The joy of victory is quickly replaced by a fierce disagreement over who deserves what. Richie begins by offering Evan a very small percentage of his winnings. Evan didn't expect anything at first but now he is offended because he provided two-thirds of the money Richie spent on the spin.

A bitter feud develops. Richie, a sneaker designer, opts to keep all the money and quits his job. Evan, an oncologist, is so annoyed that, as a prank, he lets Richie believe he is dying. By the time he reveals the joke, Richie has already tried to kill his mother (by staging a fake break-in in hopes of triggering a fatal heart attack) to spare her the grief of losing him. Evan is rattled on hearing this and makes a severe mistake during a surgery.

In the end, Ritchie loses all his money and winds up right back where he started. Despondent, he goes home to perform oral sex on himself – a pastime of his.

Production
It was shot between May and July 1997, after Larry David had left Seinfeld. Locations used include New York, Long Beach, California and Atlantic City, New Jersey.

Reception
The film received generally poor reviews from critics, and has a 27% rating on Rotten Tomatoes from 15 reviews. The film made it on the 2000 list of Roger Ebert's most hated films, remarking in his review that, "I can't easily remember a film I've enjoyed less." He criticized its mean-spirited nature, saying "Sour Grapes is a comedy about things that aren't funny [...] Larry David, who wrote and directed Sour Grapes, apparently thinks people are amused by cancer, accidental castration, racial stereotypes and bitter family feuds." Leonard Klady of Variety wrote in his review that, "the idea of good intentions misfiring is a driving force of the humor in Sour Grapes. But bad intentions also provide hilarity here, and the domino effect each has on escalating the stakes is alarming, outrageous and very real." He added, "there's an edginess that periodically spins out into crass overstatement. Richie's mom is too much of a harridan of a Jewish matriarch, and low sexual comedy is used for easy laughs. These are unnecessary crutches in an otherwise clever and humorously realized movie."

Larry David himself has expressed regrets over the film. A poster for the film was put up on the set of David's office for the filming of Curb Your Enthusiasm's pilot episode. David had the poster promptly removed because he got "sick of looking at it" after one show. In a later episode, David's character tells his wife to stop lending people the film, and says he doesn't believe a friend who claimed to have enjoyed the movie, stating she was just trying to be polite.

title: Sour Grapes (1998 film)


text:
William Gordon Cameron

General Sir William Gordon Cameron (Chinese translated Name: 金馬倫; 16 October 1827 – 2 March 1913) was a British soldier and colonial administrator.

Military career
William Gordon Cameron was commissioned into the 42nd (Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot in 1844. He transferred to the Grenadier Guards in 1847. In 1854 he was deployed to the Crimean War and took part in the Battle of Alma. He was appointed Commanding Officer of 3rd Regiment of the British German Legion in 1855.

In 1867 he became Commanding Officer of 1st Battalion 4th King's Own Royal Regiment and led the capture of Magdala during the British Expedition to Abyssinia.

In 1875, he became commander of a brigade at Gibraltar and in 1875 of a brigade at Aldershot. In April 1881 he was appointed General Officer Commanding Northern District. Then in 1884 he became Commander of British Troops in China, Hong Kong and the Straits Settlements. He governed Hong Kong in a period between April 1887 to October 1887.

He was appointed Honorary Colonel of the 5th (West Middlesex) Middlesex Rifle Volunteer Corps in 1880.

From January 1891 to December 1892 and then again in May to July 1894 he was Administrator of the Cape Colony. He retired in 1895.

Family
General Sir William Gordon Cameron was the son of Lieutenant-Colonel William Gordon Cameron J.P. (1790–1856) and his wife Caroline née Edwards (1801–1872), and the elder brother of Colonel Aylmer Cameron VC, who won the Victoria Cross in 1858 during the Indian Mutiny.

He married Helen Colebrooke Mary, daughter of General Sir John Hunter Littler, GCB on 20 January 1857 in the Church of the Holy Trinity, Buckfastleigh, Devon, England.

Memory
Several places in Hong Kong were named after Cameron: Cameron Road and Cameron Lane in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, as well as Mount Cameron and Mount Cameron Road.

title: William Gordon Cameron