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Freaky Friday (2003 film)

Freaky Friday is a 2003 American fantasy comedy film directed by Mark Waters and written by Heather Hach and Leslie Dixon. Based on Mary Rodgers's 1972 novel of the same name, it is the third adaptation of the same story and fifth installment overall in the Freaky Friday franchise. It stars Jamie Lee Curtis and Lindsay Lohan as a mother and daughter, respectively, whose bodies are switched by a mysterious and magical Chinese fortune cookie.

The film was released in theaters on August 6, 2003, by Walt Disney Pictures and distributed by Buena Vista Pictures. It grossed over $160 million worldwide on a budget of $26 million and received positive reviews from critics. The film earned Curtis a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. A sequel, Freaky Friday 2, is scheduled to be released in 2025, with Curtis and Lohan reprising their roles.

Plot
Aspiring teenage musician Anna Coleman lives with her widowed psychiatrist mother Tess, younger brother Harry, and grandfather Alan. Tess is engaged to Ryan Volvo, whom Anna has not accepted as she has not fully reconciled the death of her father three years earlier.

At school, Anna deals with strict teachers, bullying from her former best friend Stacey Hinkhouse, and her crush on Jake, whom her mother disapproves of. Pink Slip, the band Anna plays lead guitar for, is scheduled to audition for a spot in Wango Tango at the House of Blues, but Anna is prohibited from attending as the audition falls on the same night as Tess's wedding rehearsal. While dining at a Chinese restaurant, the two get into a heated argument, which the owner interrupts by giving them fortune cookies. They go into separate bathrooms and read their fortunes aloud simultaneously before feeling an intense earthquake, to which the rest of the restaurant is oblivious.

The next morning, Anna and Tess wake up in each other's bodies. Tess goes to school as Anna and begins to fully understand her daughter's woes when Stacy bullies her and also realizes that Anna's English teacher, Mr. Elton Bates, is deliberately targeting her out of spite at Tess's having rejected his prom invitation decades earlier, and intervenes by threatening to report him unless he ends his mistreatment towards Anna. Meanwhile, Anna has difficulty handling her mother's clients and stress of her upcoming wedding. The two return to the restaurant and learn that only showing selfless love towards each other will reverse the switch.

Anna attends Harry's parent-teacher conference, where she reads his composition about how much he actually admires Anna and decides to be nicer to him. Tess attempts to make amends with Stacey, but gets sent to detention when Stacey frames her for cheating on a test, finally demonstrating to Tess how cruel and mean-spirited Anna's former friend has become. When Jake notices her sneaking out of detention, he offers to help her finish the test. Tess realizes that she misjudged him, but ends up putting him off Anna after she vandalizes Stacey's test as revenge for bullying Anna by erasing most of the answers and writing "I'M STUPID!" on it.

Meanwhile, Ryan surprises Tess with a talk show interview to discuss her latest book. As Anna herself has not read the book, she instead goes into an amusing tirade about getting older. Tess and Jake watch the interview and while she is embarrassed, he is impressed. Anna later bumps into Jake at his job, and they bond over music.

At the rehearsal dinner, Anna's bandmates Maddie and Peg try to convince her to sneak off to the audition, but they are caught by security. Ryan gives Anna permission to go in hopes of winning her acceptance, and encourages Tess to support the band, claiming he can hold down the fort for a while. Since Tess cannot play, Anna plays the guitar backstage while Tess mimes along. Finally realizing the full scope of Anna's musical talents, Tess promises to regard her daughter's ambitions and passions with more respect. Jake again becomes enamored with Anna upon seeing her perform.

Back at the rehearsal dinner, Tess tells Anna to ask Ryan to postpone the wedding until the switch is reversed. Anna instead proposes a toast, finally accepting Ryan after understanding how happy he makes her mother. This triggers an earthquake within the venue, during which Anna and Tess return to their original bodies. Tess and Ryan later marry, and Tess finally allows Anna to start dating Jake. Pink Slip performs during the reception. When Harry and Alan start arguing, Pei-Pei's mother gives them fortune cookies, but Pei-Pei tackles the pair before they can open them.

Development
The origins for a remake of Freaky Friday (1976) came when producer Andrew Gunn was called by Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group president Nina Jacobson, who wanted him to make films for her. Once they met, Gunn told Jacobson that he wanted to either do a new Freaky Friday adaptation or another Witch Mountain film as her options for him. Jacobson was unsure due to the recent Disney Channel remake two or three years ago for instance, but ultimately agreed. Gunn thus sat with The Walt Disney Company executive Kristin Burr and screenwriter Heather Hach at Starbucks to spitball ideas or do notes for the screenplay of either film until The Princess Diaries (2001) released, which demonstrated to the studio that they could make a successful film starring girls with their moms, prompting them to try with Freaky Friday. Director Mark Waters met with Gunn and Burr back when he was in a state that he felt that he wouldn't get any directing jobs anymore, feeling that he should "tank" the meeting because of his feelings that the script at that time wasn't any good, but enjoyed the idea and had fond memories of the original film.

The original script for the Freaky Friday remake was about a psychiatrist mother with a daughter writing for her school newspaper who wished to interview Gwen Stefani at the House of Blues, but Waters felt that having both "a nerd daughter and a nerd mom" basically made them just switch places and age in "nerdom", instead preferring for a rebel daughter and a straight-laced mother due to feeling it to be more interesting. After proposing that idea, Waters felt that Gunn and Burr wouldn't call him back, but they instead called him to meet Jacobson, who approved his idea and greenlighted the film. Lindsay Lohan's character was originally written as goth, but she did not think anyone would relate to that, and decided to dress in a preppy style for her audition. The character ended up being rewritten as a grunge, alt-rock teen.

Amir Derakh was the film's guitar consultant and coached Curtis to play the guitar solo for the concert scene, also working in rehearsals with the other fictional band members and contributing to the soundtrack. Lohan trained for one year to learn to play the guitar before production. In the final version of the film, both Curtis and Lohan's guitar parts were overdubbed by professional studio musicians.

Casting
Initially, Gunn had hoped that Jodie Foster, who played Annabel in the original 1976 film, would be interested in the role of the mother. Foster declined, citing concerns that her stunt casting would draw attention away from other elements of the film. Annette Bening and Michelle Trachtenberg were cast, but Trachtenberg was forced to drop out because of her television commitments to Buffy the Vampire Slayer, which couldn't be worked out, with Bening following shortly afterwards, much to the dismay of Gunn and Waters, with the latter having pictured Bening in the role since the beginning and feeling that she backed out due to being anxious about the quality of the script. Jacobson suggested Gunn to cast Curtis as Tess after seeing her True Lies (1994) performance as Helen Tasker on television. Curtis was offered the role of Tess at the last minute, after Bening dropped out for undisclosed reasons four days before filming began. Madonna was reportedly very interested in playing the role. Lohan's audition for Anna wasn't stellar but the studio was confident of her acting abilities after her role as Annie James and Hallie Parker in The Parent Trap (1998), with Waters feeling that her chemistry with Curtis, along with both of their "aggressive energy", saved the movie. Casting director Marci Liroff said they saw Mischa Barton, Kristen Stewart, Mae Whitman, Evan Rachel Wood, Brie Larson, Emmy Rossum, Kristen Bell, Shiri Appleby and Danielle Panabaker for the role of Anna.

Chad Michael Murray scored the role of Jake thanks to Lohan's reaction to his audition, as he wished to make Lohan feel the uncomfortable nature that his character was supposed to cause within hers due to Anna having a crush on Jake. Murray was excited too at the prospect of working with Curtis, as he had grown up seeing her in True Lies and his father had a big crush on her. Jared Padalecki also auditioned for the role. For Pei-Pei's casting, Rosalind Chao had some reservations about the role, but after trying and flipping the script, realized that much like her character, who reminded her to her father, she grew up in a Chinese restaurant, wishing to embrace that charm her father had with all his clients, even the most racist ones due to their restaurant being located in Orange County, California. Chao later addressed some reactions about it: "I got some heat for that because I did a Chinese accent. But my parents had Chinese accents! Unless you are doing it with buck teeth... The character in Freaky Friday was how my dad would greet customers [...] I was channeling him, so I was a little hurt when people pushed back on that."

Kelly Osbourne was originally set to play Maddie, but withdrew when her mother was diagnosed with cancer. She was replaced by Christina Vidal. Raven-Symoné, Naya Rivera, Ashley Tisdale, Sophia Bush and Kat Dennings auditioned for members of the fictional band Pink Slip. Vidal got the role after a month following her auditions, even singing at some of them despite her knowing that Waters knew about her singing abilities from Taina. Vidal, Lohan and Haley Hudson would have rehearsals at a North Hollywood, Los Angeles studio in preparations for their musician roles. Tom Selleck was originally cast as Ryan but dropped out after Bening's departure from the film as he had wished to work with her. Mark Harmon was then approached for the role of Ryan. Ryan Malgarini attended the audition for Harry with his grandparents and received the screenplay unlike the rest of the child actors auditioning for the role, beating out others like Spencer Breslin, Angus T. Jones and Daryl Sabara. Malgarini particularly enjoyed playing a spoiled little brat like Harry due to being a shy and sweet kid, allowing him to "mouth off" a bit.

Marc McClure, who played Annabel's love interest in the 1976 film, makes a brief cameo as Boris the delivery man. The snapshots in the opening credits are photos of Curtis and her daughter. In the final scene, Dina Lohan, Lindsay Lohan's mother and manager, makes a cameo appearance as one of the wedding guests and Waters is also seen holding a baby.

Soundtrack
The orchestral score was written by Rolfe Kent and orchestrated by Tony Blondal. Lohan also recorded a song for the soundtrack, titled "Ultimate".

Box office
In its opening weekend, the film grossed $22.2 million in 2,954 theaters, finishing second at the box office, behind S.W.A.T. ($37.1 million). The film went on to gross $110.2 million in North America and $50.6 million in other territories for a total of $160.8 million. The film was released in the United Kingdom on December 19, 2003, and opened at number four.

Critical response
Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade of A− on a scale of A to F.

Curtis's performance was singled out for praise by many critics. David Ansen of Newsweek noted that "the most startling metamorphosis is Curtis' transformation from fading horror flick queen to dazzling comedienne". Lisa Schwarzbaum from Entertainment Weekly called her performance "glorious", and A. O. Scott from The New York Times contended that she "does some of her best work ever [in Freaky Friday]". Independent reviewer Nick Davis described her as "so frisky and pouty and incandescent in Freaky Friday, she made the whole movie feel like something special". Her performance was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.

Lohan's performance was also praised. Roger Ebert, who gave the film three out of four stars, described Lohan as possessing "that Jodie Foster sort of seriousness and intent focus beneath her teenage persona". The film earned her the award for Breakthrough Performance at the 2004 MTV Movie Awards.

The transformation scene, however, was criticized. While Ebert noted that Asian American actors were cast in the film simply to "supply magic potions, exotic elixirs, ancient charms and handy supernatural plot points", Nick Schager of Slant Magazine called it "a strange bit of 'Oriental mysticism' stereotyping that seems at odds with the film's thematic focus on tolerance and understanding". From The Village Voice, Ed Park summarized the premise as "some strange racist bullshit".

In 2023, IndieWire named it the best body swap comedy ever made.

Accolades

 * Won
 * 2004 – MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance to Lindsay Lohan
 * 2004 – Teen Choice Awards for Choice Breakout Movie Star – Female to Lindsay Lohan
 * 2004 – Teen Choice Award for Choice Hissy Fit to Lindsay Lohan
 * 2004 – BMI Film Music Award to Rolfe Kent

 * Nominated
 * 2003 – Satellite Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy to Jamie Lee Curtis
 * 2004 – Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy to Jamie Lee Curtis
 * 2004 – Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film
 * 2004 – Saturn Award for Best Actress to Jamie Lee Curtis
 * 2004 – Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor to Lindsay Lohan
 * 2004 – Saturn Award for Best Writing to Heather Hach & Leslie Dixon
 * 2004 – Critics Choice Award for Best Family Film – Live Action
 * 2004 – Teen Choice Awards for Choice Movie – Comedy
 * 2004 – Young Artist Awards for Best Performance in a Feature Film – Leading Young Actress to Lindsay Lohan
 * 2004 – Young Artist Awards for Best Performance in a Feature Film – Young Actor Age Ten or Younger to Ryan Malgarini

Home media
The film was released on DVD and VHS on December 16, 2003, by Walt Disney Home Entertainment. As of December 2003, the video sold 4.97 million copies earning a profit of over 85.7 million dollars. It was later released on Blu-ray on March 27, 2018, as an exclusive through the Disney Movie Club program. The film is also available on the streaming service Disney+ after its launch on November 12, 2019.

Sequel
In October 2022, Curtis expressed enthusiasm about making a Freaky Friday sequel alongside Lohan after disclosing the two were still in touch when a fan asked her if she was open to exploring the film's story further during an event in Mexico. After news of her statement created buzz online, Curtis revealed on The View a few days later that she had already contacted Disney about it and shared a potential pitch. In the following month, Lohan also expressed interest in returning for a sequel if Disney proposed a new film, stating that she loved Curtis and would love to work with the people from the original movie again.

In November 2022, Curtis said they were in talks with the studio and were "both committed to it" but "it's Disney's to make and I think they're interested and we're talking," also commenting that the 2003 film is considered a classic because of its nostalgia among the audience who grew up watching it and she hoped to do it again. In December 2022, Curtis stated that she and Lohan would be getting back together and suggested they were essentially waiting on the studio's green-light. In February 2023, Curtis reiterated the project "is going to happen." In May 2023, Curtis and Lohan were both interviewed by The New York Times about the original movie turning 20 years and said they "would only make something that people would absolutely adore" when asked about a sequel. Disney then confirmed that the sequel was in development, with Elyse Hollander writing the screenplay, and Curtis and Lohan expected to return. In June 2023, Curtis revealed to fans at Disneyland that filming was set to happen in the following year.

In August 2023, the cast and crew were interviewed by The Hollywood Reporter as the film celebrated its 20th anniversary, with producer Andrew Gunn teasing the sequel: "Trying to find an idea that also serviced Jamie and Lindsay but also worked in all these other characters, was one of the hardest things to do, but I'm telling you [the writer] just came up with this super funny, heartwarming idea," continuing, "I didn't know what a sequel would be 20 years ago, like it would be Harry switching with grandpa or something, but all of a sudden, 20 years later, it's like, 'Oh, actually, [a sequel] could work.' So, I think, time gives it more room to actually become something." Gunn later revealed they got a draft of a script for the sequel right before the writers' strike, which again incorporates music and the fictional band Pink Slip "in a great way." On November 10, Curtis shared a reunion photo with Lohan on Instagram to celebrate the end of the SAG-AFTRA strike and tease the project's development.

In March 2024, Lohan confirmed the sequel was in the works. Later that month, The Hollywood Reporter announced Nisha Ganatra would be directing from a screenplay written by Jordan Weiss, with filming set to begin for mid-2024 in Los Angeles and is scheduled to be released in 2025. Gunn was confirmed to produce again, along with Kristin Burr. A few days later, a casting call revealed potential story details including that Tess and Anna would be body swapping with two teenage girls, the latter's daughter and her soon-to-be stepdaughter. In June 2024, it was reported Julia Butters had joined the cast. During that month, it was announced that filming had begun and that Mark Harmon, Chad Michael Murray, Christina Vidal Mitchell, Haley Hudson, Lucille Soong, Stephen Tobolowsky, and Rosalind Chao would all be reprising their roles with Sophia Hammons and Maitreyi Ramakrishnan joining the cast. A sequel, Freaky Friday 2, is scheduled to be released in 2025.

title: Freaky Friday (2003 film)


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Political history of Chicago

Politics in Chicago through most of the 20th century was dominated by the Democratic Party. Organized crime and political corruption were persistent concerns in the city. Chicago was the political base for presidential nominees Stephen Douglas (1860), Adlai Stevenson II (1952 and 1956), and Barack Obama, who was nominated and elected in 2008.

19th century
In 1855, Chicago Mayor Levi Boone threw Chicago politics into the national spotlight with some dry proposals that led to the Lager Beer Riot by the wets. The 1860 Republican National Convention in Chicago nominated home-state candidate Abraham Lincoln. During the 1880s, 1890s, and early 20th century, Chicago also had an underground radical tradition with large and highly organized socialist, communist, anarchist and labor organizations. The Republicans had their own machine operations, typified by the "blonde boss" William Lorimer, who was unseated by the U.S. Senate in 1912 because of his corrupt election methods.

20th century
The political environment in Chicago in the 1910s and 1920s let organized crime flourish to the point that many Chicago policemen earned more money from pay-offs than from the city. Before the 1930s, the Democratic Party in Chicago was divided along ethnic lines - the Irish, Polish, Italian, and other groups each controlled politics in their neighborhoods. Under the leadership of Anton Cermak, the party consolidated its ethnic bases into one large organization. With the organization behind, Cermak was able to win election as mayor of Chicago in 1931, an office he held until his assassination in 1933.

The modern era of politics was dominated by the Cook County Democratic Party and was honed by Richard J. Daley after his election in 1955. Richard M. Daley, his son, later became mayor and served from 1989 to 2011. Daley announced on September 7, 2010 that he would not be seeking re-election. Daley was succeeded by former Obama White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel.

The New Deal of the 1930s and the Great Society of the 1960s gave the Democratic Party access to new funds and programs for housing, slum clearance, urban renewal, and education, through which to dispense patronage and maintain control of the city. Machine politics persisted in Chicago after the decline of similar machines in other large American cities. During much of that time, the city administration found opposition mainly from a liberal "independent" faction of the Democratic Party. This included African Americans and Latinos. In the Lakeview/Uptown 46th Ward, the first Latino to announce an aldermanic bid against a Daley loyalist was Jose Cha Cha Jimenez, founder of the Young Lords.

The police corruption that came to the light from the Summerdale Scandals of 1960, in which police officers kept stolen property or sold it and kept the cash, was another black eye on the local political scene of Chicago. Eight officers from the Summerdale police district on Chicago's Northwest Side were accused of operating a large-scale burglary ring.

The Daley faction, with financial help from Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., helped elect John F. Kennedy to the office of President of the United States in the 1960 presidential election.

Home-town columnist Mike Royko wrote satirically that Chicago's motto (Urbs in Horto or "City in a Garden") should instead be Ubi est mea, or "Where's Mine?"

The shock election of six Democratic Socialists of America to the council in 2019 was as the largest socialist electoral victory in modern American history.

Corruption
Chicago has a long history of political corruption, dating to the incorporation of the city in 1833. It has been a de facto monolithic entity of the Democratic Party from the mid-20th century onward. In the 1980s, the Operation Greylord investigation resulted in the indictments of 93 public officials, including 17 judges. Research released by the University of Illinois at Chicago reports that Chicago and Cook County's judicial district recorded 45 public corruption convictions for 2013, and 1,642 convictions since 1976, when the Department of Justice began compiling statistics. This prompted many media outlets to declare Chicago the "corruption capital of America". Gradel and Simpson's Corrupt Illinois (2015) provides the data behind Chicago's corrupt political culture. They found that a tabulation of federal public corruption convictions make Chicago "undoubtedly the most corrupt city in our nation", with the cost of corruption "at least" $500 million per year.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Political history of Chicago


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The Parent Trap (1998 film)

The Parent Trap is a 1998 American romantic comedy film directed and co-written by Nancy Meyers in her feature directorial debut, and produced and co-written by Charles Shyer. It is a remake of the 1961 film of the same name and an adaptation of Erich Kästner's 1949 German novel Lisa and Lottie (Das doppelte Lottchen).

Dennis Quaid and Natasha Richardson star as a divorced couple who separated shortly after their identical twin daughters' birth; Lindsay Lohan stars (in her film debut) as both twins, Hallie Parker and Annie James, who are fortuitously reunited at summer camp after being separated at birth. David Swift wrote the screenplay for the original 1961 film based on Lottie and Lisa. Swift is credited along with Meyers and Shyer as co-writers of the 1998 version.

The film premiered in Los Angeles on July 20, 1998, and was theatrically released in the United States on July 29, and was a box-office hit, grossing $92.1 million against a $15 million budget. It received positive reviews from critics, with Lohan's performance, in particular, earning high praise.

Plot
In 1986, Nick Parker and Elizabeth James meet and fall in love on the Queen Elizabeth 2. They eventually marry and have twin daughters, Hallie and Annie. However, they divorce shortly after the twins' birth. Nick gains custody over Hallie and raises her on his vineyard in Napa, California, while Elizabeth raises Annie in London, England, where she works as a wedding gown designer.

Eleven years and nine months later, the twins are coincidentally sent to the same summer camp, Camp Walden, where they form an intense rivalry. After Hallie and her friends perform a dangerous prank on Annie's cabin, the twins are sent to the isolation cabin, where they begin to bond over their similarities. After discovering the parallels between their eerily similar family situations, the girls show each other a photograph of their parents and realize that they are twins who were separated at birth. They decide to switch places to convince their parents to reconcile; each girl trains the other to act like her.

In London, Hallie happily meets Elizabeth, the family butler Martin, and her maternal grandfather Charles, while Annie meets Nick and their family nanny Chessy in California. Much to Annie's dismay, she learns that Nick is engaged to Meredith Blake, a 26-year-old gold digger publicist from San Francisco who only wants to marry Nick for his fortune. Meredith is planning on sending Hallie to boarding school after the wedding. Annie phones Hallie and implores her to bring Elizabeth to California to try and break up Nick and Meredith, but Hallie refuses, desperate to spend more one-on-one time with Elizabeth.

After Chessy notices changes in "Hallie's" behavior, Annie confesses her identity to Chessy, and Chessy agrees to keep it a secret from Nick. While on the phone with Annie discussing Nick's impending wedding to Meredith, Hallie is caught by Charles, who encourages her to tell Elizabeth the truth. After doing so, Elizabeth and Hallie decide to travel to California to establish joint custody of the twins between each parent.

The twins, with the help of Martin and Chessy, arrange for a meeting between Nick and Elizabeth at the Stafford Hotel in California. Upon reuniting with Elizabeth, Nick learns that he has had Annie with him since the end of camp, though he is delighted by this. Elizabeth also meets Meredith and learns of her engagement with Nick. Annie and Hallie, with Chessy and Martin's help, attempt to recreate the night their parents met by arranging dinner on a yacht. Nick and Elizabeth discuss their breakup, which occurred when Elizabeth ran off after a fight, secretly hoping that Nick would follow her. They agree on shared custody but decide against resuming their relationship. Elizabeth plans to fly back to London with Annie the next day, but the twins refuse to reveal which one is which unless the entire family takes a camping trip. Elizabeth insists that Meredith go in her place so that she can become acquainted with the twins before marrying Nick.

On the trip, the twins play a series of pranks on Meredith, leading to her furiously demanding that Nick choose between her or them. Finally seeing Meredith's true nature, Nick breaks up with her. After the camping trip, Nick and Elizabeth realize that they are still in love, but decide to go their separate ways, each with the twin they have respective custody of. When Elizabeth and Annie arrive back in London, they find Nick and Hallie, who took a faster flight. Nick says that he does not want to make the same mistake of not going after Elizabeth again, and they share a kiss.

The end credits reveal that Elizabeth and Nick have gotten remarried with Hallie and Annie as their bridesmaids and that Chessy and Martin have gotten engaged.

Cast and characters

 * Lindsay Lohan as Hallie "Hal" Parker and Annie "Ann" James, 11-year-old twin sisters who were separated after birth. After their parents' divorce, they were raised separately with no knowledge of each other's existence — until they meet at summer camp by chance. Hallie and Annie are based on Susan Evers and Sharon McKendrick from the original film and Luise Palfy and Lottie Körner from the original book.
 * Dennis Quaid as Nicholas "Nick" Parker, Hallie and Annie's father, a wealthy American vineyard owner. He is based on Mitchell "Mitch" Evers from the original film and Ludwig Palfy from the original book.
 * Natasha Richardson as Elizabeth "Liz" or "Lizzie" James, Hallie and Annie's mother, a famous British wedding gown designer. She is based on Margaret "Maggie" McKendrick from the original film and Luiselotte Körner from the original book.
 * Elaine Hendrix as Meredith Blake, a 26-year-old publicist from San Francisco who is only planning to marry Nick for his money. She is based on Vicky Robinson from the original film and Irene Gerlach from the original book.
 * Lisa Ann Walter as Chessy, Nick's housekeeper and Hallie's nanny. She has long considered herself rather awkward and thus not overly desirable to eligible bachelors, but then she meets Martin, and the two are mutually smitten. Chessy also discovers that "Hallie" is actually Annie after noticing her strange behavior. Chessy is based on Verbena from the original film and Resi from the original book.
 * Simon Kunz as Martin, the James family's butler, who eventually falls in love with Chessy. He is based on Staimes, the McKendrick family's chauffeur from the original film.
 * Polly Holliday as Marva Kulp Sr., the owner and director of Camp Walden. She is based on Miss Inch from the original film and Mrs. Muthesius from the original book.
 * Maggie Wheeler as Marva Kulp Jr., Marva Sr.'s daughter and assistant. She is based on Miss Grunecker from the original film and Miss Ulrike from the original book.
 * Ronnie Stevens as Charles James, Elizabeth's wealthy father and Hallie and Annie's maternal grandfather. After he catches Hallie on the phone with Annie, she tells him about switching places. Charles is based on Charles McKendrick from the original film.
 * Joanna Barnes as Vicki Blake, Meredith's mother. She is based on Edna Robinson from the original film.
 * J. Patrick McCormack as Les Blake, Meredith's father.
 * Hallie Meyers-Shyer as Lindsay

Kat Graham played Jackie, a friend of Annie at Camp Walden. Vendela Kirsebom appears as a model during a photoshoot sequence at Elizabeth James' studio. Meyers and Shyer's daughters Hallie Meyers-Shyer and Annie Meyers-Shyer make appearances in the film, credited as Lindsay and Towel Girl, respectively. Lohan's brother Michael (credited as Lost Boy At Camp) plays a boy at Camp Walden who did not realize he was going to an all-girls camp. Lohan's mother, Dina, and other siblings Aliana and Dakota, all appear in uncredited cameos at the airport in London. The film's cinematographer Dean Cundey appears in an uncredited cameo as the captain of the Queen Elizabeth 2, who marries Nick and Elizabeth at the beginning of the film. Jeannette Charles portrayed Queen Elizabeth II in a deleted scene in which she and Hallie meet.

Production
Casting

The Parent Trap was Meyers' directorial debut. More than 1,500 young actresses submitted audition tapes for the dual roles of Hallie and Annie. Director Nancy Meyers was looking for "a little Diane Keaton" to play the parts. Before Lohan was cast in the roles, actresses Scarlett Johansson, Mara Wilson, Michelle Trachtenberg, and Jena Malone all either auditioned or were considered for the roles, with Malone turning the roles down multiple times.

Filming

Principal photography started on July 15, 1997, in London, United Kingdom, and continued in Napa Valley AVA, San Francisco, Lake Arrowhead, and Los Angeles, California to December 17, 1997. Camp Walden was filmed on location at Camp Seely in Crestline, California. Parker Knoll, the vineyard and residence of the Parker family in the film, was shot on location in Rutherford, California at Staglin Family Vineyard. The exterior of the fictional Stafford Hotel was shot at The Langham Huntington in Pasadena, California and the Administration Building, Treasure Island in San Francisco, while the interior and pool scenes were shot at the Ritz-Carlton in Marina del Rey, California.

Book

In 1962, a year after Disney originally adapted Das doppelte Lottchen into The Parent Trap, Cyrus Brooks translated the German book into English as Lisa and Lottie, an edition still published in the United States and Canada.

In 2014, Das doppelte Lottchen was faithfully retranslated into English by Anthea Bell and republished in the United Kingdom and Australia by Pushkin Press as The Parent Trap, after Disney's hit film adaptations. Then in 2020, Australian actress Ruby Rees recorded an unabridged narration of Bell's translation for Bolinda.

Connections to the 1961 film
There are several connections between this film and the original 1961 version:
 * The characters Marva Kulp Sr. and Marva Kulp Jr. are named after Nancy Kulp, the actress who played a camp counselor in the 1961 film, Miss Grunecker.
 * Both versions of the film feature product placement by Nabisco. In the 1998 film, Oreos are featured, while in the 1961 film, Fig Newtons are featured.
 * During the poolside scene where Annie and Meredith meet for the first time, Meredith speaks on the phone with someone named Reverend Mosby, who was a character in the 1961 film played by Leo G. Carroll.
 * Joanna Barnes appears in both films, playing Vicky Robinson in the 1961 film, and Vicki Blake in the 1998 version. She also calls Annie (as Hallie) "pet", which Vicky Robinson did to Sharon (as Susan).
 * The Stafford Hotel is named after a boy in the 1961 film who accepts the boy's camp invitation to the dance at the beginning of the film.
 * Right before Hallie meets Meredith for the first time, Hallie can be heard singing a few bars of "Let's Get Together", a song from the 1961 version that was originally sung by Hayley Mills.
 * There are bunkhouses named Arapahoe in both films.
 * Hallie (as Annie) "smells" her grandfather, saying he smells of peppermint and pipe tobacco. Susan (as Sharon) does the same in the 1961 film.
 * Both films have the same run time (2 hours and 9 minutes).

Music
The song used in the opening sequence, in which glimpses of Nick and Elizabeth's first wedding are seen, is Nat King Cole's "L-O-V-E". The song used in the end credits, in which photos of Nick and Elizabeth's second wedding are seen, is his daughter Natalie Cole's "This Will Be (An Everlasting Love)".

The instrumental music featured prominently in the hotel scene where the girls and their parents cross paths serendipitously is "In the Mood", which was previously made famous by the Glenn Miller band. The song "Let's Get Together" is also quoted over the Walt Disney Pictures logo, and at the end of Alan Silvestri's closing credits suite.

When Hallie shows up at Annie's poker game at Camp Walden, the music used is "Bad to the Bone" by George Thorogood and the Destroyers.

The tune playing as Hallie and Annie are making their way up to the Isolation Cabin is the main theme from "The Great Escape" by Elmer Bernstein.

The song coming from the radio in Meredith's car as she pulls up to the Parkers' home is "Parents Just Don't Understand" by DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince.

The background song heard in the campfire scene is "How Bizarre" by OMC.

The song playing as Annie, Elizabeth, and Martin say goodbye to Hallie, Nick, and Chessy toward the end of the film is "Ev'ry Time We Say Goodbye", performed by Ray Charles and Betty Carter.

Box office
The film premiered in Los Angeles on July 20, 1998. In its opening weekend, the film grossed $11,148,497 in 2,247 theaters in the United States and Canada, ranking #2 at the box office, behind Saving Private Ryan. By the end of its run, The Parent Trap grossed $66,308,518 domestically and $25,800,000 internationally, totaling $92,108,518 worldwide. The film was released in the United Kingdom on December 11, 1998, and opened at #3, behind Rush Hour and The Mask of Zorro.

Critical response
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 87% based on 53 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9/10. The website's critics consensus states: "Writer-director Nancy Meyers takes the winning formula of the 1961 original and gives it an amiable modern spin, while young star Lindsay Lohan shines in her breakout role." Metacritic gave the film a weighted average score of 63 out of 100, based on 19 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.

Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert each gave the film three stars. Critic Kenneth Turan called Lohan "the soul of this film as much as Hayley Mills was of the original", going on to say that "she is more adept than her predecessor at creating two distinct personalities". Lohan won a Young Artist Award for best performance in a feature film.

In a 2021 interview, the star of the original film, Hayley Mills, said, "It was so like the one I did, and yet not. But I thought it was really good." She also praised Lohan's performance, calling her "excellent".

Home media
The Parent Trap was originally released on VHS in the United States on December 8, 1998. A 20th Anniversary Edition Blu-ray was released as a Disney Movie Club Exclusive on April 24, 2018. The film was also available as a launch title on Disney+.

Remake

 * On February 21, 2018, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that remakes of several films are in development as exclusive content for The Walt Disney Company's streaming service Disney+ with one of those projects named in the announcement as The Parent Trap.
 * Malayalam TV series Kasthooriman Season 2 is a loose adaptation of the movie.

Reunion
On July 20, 2020, Katie Couric moderated a virtual cast reunion through her Instagram account for the film's 22nd anniversary. Lindsay Lohan, Dennis Quaid, Elaine Hendrix, Lisa Ann Walter, Simon Kunz, Nancy Meyers, and Charles Shyer all participated in the video chat. A charity fundraising effort during the COVID-19 pandemic, the reunion special helped raise money for chef José Andrés' non-profit organization World Central Kitchen. Quaid then released an extended version of the reunion on his podcast The Dennissance on the following day.

title: The Parent Trap (1998 film)


text:
Doctor Detroit

Doctor Detroit is a 1983 American comedy film directed by Michael Pressman with writing by Bruce Jay Friedman, Carl Gottlieb, and Robert Boris. The film stars Dan Aykroyd, Howard Hesseman, Lynn Whitfield, Fran Drescher, and Donna Dixon, with a special appearance by James Brown. It was the first film Aykroyd made after the death of John Belushi, and the first one in which he is not sharing top bill with other actors. Aykroyd and his co-star Dixon married soon after the film's release.

Plot
Introverted geek Clifford Skridlow is a professor of comparative literature at the financially strapped Monroe College in Chicago.

Smooth Walker, a pimp, owes $80,000 to "Mom", a gruff Chicago mob boss. Attempting to weasel out of his debt, Smooth invents a fictitious mobster, the flamboyant "Doctor Detroit", a ruthless chiropractor who allegedly is overrunning Smooth's turf. Smooth sees Clifford out to dinner alone at a restaurant, and decides to enlist him to pose as the "Doctor." Smooth and his girls Monica, Jasmine, Karen, and Thelma, party with Clifford and give him the best night of his life. The next morning, during a faculty meeting, Clifford gets a phone call from the girls and learns about their troubles with Mom, that Smooth has skipped town, and that according to Smooth, they are now Clifford's girls. Clifford agrees to assume the persona of Doctor Detroit in an effort to help them out of their jam.

Meanwhile, Monroe College anticipates a corporate endowment from Rousehorn Consolidated Industries to be presented by its CEO, Harmon Rousehorn. If the contribution is large enough, it will allow the college to remain open.

While Clifford is teaching classes, grading papers, catering a faculty party and assisting in hosting the visiting CEO, his Doctor Detroit alter ego has to find a way to get Thelma out of a solicitation charge, hold Mom at bay, and appear at the Players Ball to be proclaimed the new King of the Pimps while simultaneously appearing at Monroe College's annual Alumni Dinner. When Mom shows up at the Players Ball, she figures out that Doctor Detroit and Professor Skridlow are one and the same, and duels him with sword-length kebab skewers in front of the assembled academics. Mom is defeated, and the two functions combine into one joyous, spectacular party, as the ultimate fates of all are revealed, including Clifford's marriage to Karen.

Filming
The film was shot on location in Chicago and Evanston, Illinois, as well as at the University of Southern California and Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles, California, during the summer of 1982.

Soundtrack
A soundtrack album for the film was released on the labels Backstreet, MCA and WEA. Devo performed the title theme, which plays over the opening credits, as well as "Luv-Luv", and released an EP including both tracks and a longer dance remix of the theme song. A music video was also produced for the theme, incorporating footage from the film. James Brown makes a cameo appearance in the film, performing "Get Up Offa That Thing/Dr. Detroit".

Reception
The film received generally negative reviews from critics. Writing in the Chicago Tribune, critic Gene Siskel gave the film two and a half stars and called it "a mess, but a genial mess." Roger Ebert gave it three stars, saying it had "just a humble little screenplay" but also "a lot of funny moments" and a performance by Dan Aykroyd that showed "a lot of invention." Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 33% of six critics have given the film a positive review.

In her autobiography, Enter Whining, Fran Drescher commented that Doctor Detroit was expected to be a major hit for the summer of 1983 but fell short of expectations, grossing $10.8 million on a budget of $8 million.

title: Doctor Detroit


text:
Talk:Zaki Badawi

On 7/14/2005, the United States government refused tourist entry for Dr. Badawi, stating that he was listed on a terrorism watch list. Is there any negative information on him that might justify such a refusal?

It says here on page 25 of The God Delusion by Richard Dawkins that this individual provided sanctuary for Salman Rushdie after a fatwa was issued for Rushdie. Can anyone put anything about that, or would that be yellow journalism? I'm unsure if putting it in the article simply because it is sensational and controversial is necessarily a merit to putting the information in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.3.26.49 (talk) 18:49, 22 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zaki Badawi


text:
Talk:Robert W. Floyd

Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion
A personal story, not suitable for the encyclopedia entry:

One year somewhat late in his career I bumped into Bob Floyd at the supermarket, and we struck up a conversation. My contacts years earlier had been about parsing, but later I concentrated on computer graphics. He asked me if there was any interest in that old paper he had published about error diffusion, and seemed genuinely surprised to hear it had become a staple! He told me that he had looked at woodcuts and engraving techniques and tried to design an automatic technique for approximating shading with black and white that gave a similar appearance.

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Vegaswikian (talk) 22:27, 17 February 2011 (UTC)

Bob Floyd → Robert W. Floyd —

An editor recently moved this page from Robert Floyd to Bob Floyd, so as to add a disambiguation page at Robert Floyd. Under the policy at WP:COMMONNAME, the article title should be the name by which Floyd was most commonly known in reliable sources. This is certainly "Robert W. Floyd", not "Bob Floyd". To take just a few of the most important sources currently cited in the article itself: his Stanford obituary, "Computer pioneer Robert Floyd dead at 65"; his Turing Award citation; Knuth's obituary in ACM SIGACT News, R. J. Lipton's recollection of Floyd. All give his name first as "Robert Floyd" or "Robert W. Floyd", and change to "Bob Floyd" only in personal reminiscences, if at all. His papers were published under the name "Robert W. Floyd" or "R. W. Floyd", never "Bob Floyd"; for example Assigning Meaning to Programs. —Mark Dominus (talk) 04:06, 9 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Support - nominator's arguments make a lot of sense, and a quick search bears it out. — Amakuru (talk) 08:36, 9 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Either Bob Floyd or Robert W. Floyd. I did not move this page "as to add a disambiguation page at Robert Floyd", there is no disambiguation page at Robert Floyd? Clearly Robert Floyd was a worse choice for the title than Bob Floyd (the name he apparently was know by to colleagues, I can give many sources) or Robert W. Floyd (the name you will find him listed under in bibliographies, I can give many sources). For some reason it seems Wikipedia prefers the first over the latter (e.g. Donald Knuth not Donald E. Knuth, probably as not having to give his name as Floyd, Robert W (Bob), as is common in other biographical reference works), —Ruud 12:00, 9 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Support. I tried all three names in quotes in Google Books, coupling with various false-positive limiters ("Computer scientist"; "turing award"; algorithm). The results massively favor Robert or Robert W. over Bob as to commonality, and are about evenly split between the two fuller names, with the initialized version having a slight edge.--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 23:55, 16 February 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Curious phrasings
"Born in New York City, Floyd finished school at age 14. At the University of Chicago, he received a Bachelor's degree in liberal arts in 1953 (when still only 17) and a second bachelor's degree in physics in 1958."

So clearly he was still in school after 14! Is it meant that he finished high school at 14?

"Becoming a computer operator in the early 1960s, he began publishing many noteworthy papers, including compilers (particularly parsing)."

Is this supposed to say "papers on compilers"? Because a compiler is not a paper! GeneCallahan (talk) 14:44, 10 March 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Robert W. Floyd


text:
Systematic desensitization

Systematic desensitization, or graduated exposure therapy, is a behavior therapy developed by the psychiatrist Joseph Wolpe. It is used when a phobia or anxiety disorder is maintained by classical conditioning. It shares the same elements of both cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied behavior analysis. When used in applied behavior analysis, it is based on radical behaviorism as it incorporates counterconditioning principles. These include meditation (a private behavior or covert conditioning) and breathing (a public behavior or overt conditioning). From the cognitive psychology perspective, cognitions and feelings precede behavior, so it initially uses cognitive restructuring.

The goal of the therapy is for the individual to learn how to cope with and overcome their fear in each level of an exposure hierarchy. The process of systematic desensitization occurs in three steps. The first step is to identify the hierarchy of fears. The second step is to learn relaxation or coping techniques. Finally, the individual uses these techniques to manage their fear during a situation from the hierarchy. The third step is repeated for each level of the hierarchy, starting from the least fear-inducing situation.

Three steps of desensitization
There are three main steps that Wolpe identified to successfully desensitize an individual.
 * 1) Establish anxiety stimulus hierarchy. The individual should first identify the items that are causing the anxiety problems. Each item that causes anxiety is given a subjective ranking on the severity of induced anxiety. If the individual is experiencing great anxiety to many different triggers, each item is dealt with separately. For each trigger or stimulus, a list is created to rank the events from least anxiety-provoking to most anxiety-provoking.
 * 2) Learn the mechanism response. Relaxation training, such as meditation, is one type of best coping strategies.  Wolpe taught his patients relaxation responses because it is not possible to be both relaxed and anxious at the same time. In this method, patients practice tensing and relaxing different parts of the body until the patient reaches a state of serenity. This is necessary because it provides the patient with a means of controlling their fear, rather than letting it increase to intolerable levels. Only a few sessions are needed for a patient to learn appropriate coping mechanisms. Additional coping strategies include anti-anxiety medicine and breathing exercises. Another example of relaxation is cognitive reappraisal of imagined outcomes. The therapist might encourage patients to examine what they imagine happening when exposed to the  anxiety-inducing stimulus and then allowing for the client to replace the imagined catastrophic situation with any of the imagined positive outcomes.
 * 3) Connect stimulus to the incompatible response or coping method by counter conditioning. In this step the client completely relaxes and is then presented with the lowest item that was placed on their hierarchy of severity of anxiety phobias. When the patient has reached a state of serenity again after being presented with the first stimuli, the second stimuli that should present a higher level of anxiety is presented. This will help the patient overcome their phobia. This activity is repeated until all the items of the hierarchy of severity anxiety is completed without inducing any anxiety in the client at all. If at any time during the exercise the coping mechanisms fail  or became a failure, or the patient fails to complete the coping mechanism due to the severe anxiety, the exercise is then stopped. When the individual is calm, the last stimuli that is presented without inducing anxiety is presented again and the exercise is  then continued depending on the patient outcomes.

Example
A client may approach a therapist due to their great phobia of snakes. This is how the therapist would help the client using the three steps of systematic desensitization:
 * 1) Establish anxiety stimulus hierarchy. A therapist may begin by asking the patient to identify a fear hierarchy. This fear hierarchy would list the relative unpleasantness of various levels of exposure to a snake. For example, seeing a picture of a snake might elicit a low fear rating, compared to live snakes crawling on the individual—the latter scenario becoming highest on the fear hierarchy.
 * 2) Learn coping mechanisms or incompatible responses. The therapist would work with the client to learn appropriate coping and relaxation techniques such as meditation and deep muscle relaxation responses.
 * 3) Connect the stimulus to the incompatible response or coping method. The client would be presented with increasingly unpleasant levels of the feared stimuli, from lowest to highest—while utilizing the deep relaxation techniques (i.e. progressive muscle relaxation) previously learned. The imagined stimuli to help with a phobia of snakes may include: a picture of a snake; a small snake in a nearby room; a snake in full view; touching of the snake, etc. At each step in the imagined progression, the patient is desensitized to the phobia through exposure to the stimulus while in a state of relaxation. As the fear hierarchy is unlearned, anxiety gradually becomes extinguished.

Specific phobias
Specific phobias are one class of mental disorder often treated via systematic desensitization. When persons experience such phobias (for example fears of heights, dogs, snakes, closed spaces, etc.), they tend to avoid the feared stimuli; this avoidance, in turn, can temporarily reduce anxiety but is not necessarily an adaptive way of coping with it. In this regard, patients' avoidance behaviors can become reinforced – a concept defined by the tenets of operant conditioning. Thus, the goal of systematic desensitization is to overcome avoidance by gradually exposing patients to the phobic stimulus, until that stimulus can be tolerated. Wolpe found that systematic desensitization was successful 90% of the time when treating phobias.

Test anxiety
Between 25 and 40 percent of students experience test anxiety. Children can suffer from low self-esteem and stress-induced symptoms as a result of test anxiety. The principles of systematic desensitization can be used by children to help reduce their test anxiety. Children can practice the muscle relaxation techniques by tensing and relaxing different muscle groups. With older children and college students, an explanation of desensitization can help to increase the effectiveness of the process. After these students learn the relaxation techniques, they can create an anxiety inducing hierarchy. For test anxiety these items could include not understanding directions, finishing on time, marking the answers properly, spending too little time on tasks, or underperforming. Teachers, school counselors or school psychologists could instruct children on the methods of systematic desensitization.

Recent use
Desensitization is widely known as one of the most effective therapy techniques. In recent decades, systematic desensitization has become less commonly used as a treatment of choice for anxiety disorders. Since 1970 academic research on systematic desensitization has declined, and the current focus has been on other therapies. In addition, the number of clinicians using systematic desensitization has also declined since 1980. Those clinicians that continue to regularly use systematic desensitization were trained before 1986. It is believed that the decrease of systematic desensitization by practicing psychologist is due to the increase in other techniques such as flooding, implosive therapy, and participant modeling.

History
In 1947, Wolpe discovered that the cats of Wits University could overcome their fears through gradual and systematic exposure. Wolpe studied Ivan Pavlov's work on artificial neuroses and the research done on elimination of children's fears by Watson and Jones. In 1958, Wolpe did a series of experiments on the artificial induction of neurotic disturbance in cats. He found that gradually deconditioning the neurotic animals was the best way to treat them of their neurotic disturbances. Wolpe deconditioned the neurotic cats through different feeding environments. Wolpe knew that this treatment of feeding would not generalize to humans and he instead substituted relaxation as a treatment to relieve the anxiety symptoms.

Wolpe found that if he presented a client with the actual anxiety inducing stimulus, the relaxation techniques did not work. It was difficult to bring all of the objects into his office because not all anxiety inducing stimuli are physical objects, but instead are concepts. Wolpe instead began to have his clients imagine the anxiety inducing stimulus or look at pictures of the anxiety inducing stimulus, much like the process that is done today.

title: Systematic desensitization


text: Category:Headphones

title: Category:Headphones


text:
User talk:Chuayw2000

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Someone must have been lazy, as you have not been welcomed yet. Thank you for your contributions. Since you have been here for a while, we can pretty much assume you are not a troll, vandal, or clueless newbie. I hope you continue to like the place and don't get all grumpy and leave over nothing. Here are a few good links for newcomers, even though you aren't one:

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

I hope you still enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian, and won't get mad over something stupid and leave! By the way, please be sure to continue to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome, and sorry for your not being welcomed in the past! – ABCD✉ 00:31, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright tags
Thanks for uploading Image:Oda.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use gfdl if you release it under the GFDL, or fairuse if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much, ABCD✉ 00:31, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Copyright problems in your edits to The Dark Tower Characters
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We appreciate your contributions to the The Dark Tower Characters article, but we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material. Perhaps you would like to rewrite the article in your own words. For more information, take a look at Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Happy editing! I don't think this wiki is GFDL - ''Visitor-submitted comments are owned by the individual who provided them. All other contents copyright © 1997 - TheDarkTower.net.'' If it is, proper attribution must be maintained. — RevRagnarok  Talk Contrib 13:29, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

Proof that 0.999... equals 1
Thanks for your additions to Proof that 0.999... equals 1! Unfortunately, that article is in the middle of a revert war. The version you edited dates back to June 2006; this later version actually includes much of the material you sought to address. I hope you will not be offended if the article gets reverted to the version I just linked to; it would wipe out your edits, but much of the same material would remain, and I would personally still welcome you to edit those sections as necessary. Melchoir 16:36, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

That's unfortunate to hear. I'll not be offended by any reverts. Thanks for bringing this to my attention. User:Chuayw2000 16:48, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

 * No problem; thanks for your understanding! Melchoir 16:56, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Today's featured article
Tobacman 00:22, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Singapore meetup invitation
Hi there! You are cordially invited to a meetup next Tuesday evening (4 September). Details and an attendee list are at Meetup/Singapore 6. Hope to see you there! John Vandenberg 00:38, 30 August 2012 (UTC)

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October 2012 Singapore meetup invitation
Hi there! You are cordially invited to a meetup on Wednesday the 31st of October. Details and an attendee list are at Meetup/Singapore 7. Hope you can make it. JVbot (talk) 03:57, 16 October 2012 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Chuayw2000


text: Template:Anchor

title: Template:Anchor


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Neda

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. Splash 01:42, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Neda
Neda---This is not suitable for a Wiki article. The phrase is not known in the west. Delete. Decius 00:33, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep and change to a redirect page. "Neda" is a genus of ladybirds, a river in Greece, and a mountainous region of Spain.  Also, there's NEDA, the National Educational Debate Association.  I learned all that from looking at "What links here". GTBacchus 07:51, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Change to disambiguation page. Capitalistroadster 07:22, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I changed it to a disambiguation page.  I couldn't find any evidence to support the original content, so I removed it.  --Alan Au 07:27, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Alan Au's rewrite. Capitalistroadster 08:27, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Neda


text:
User talk:Tslocum

p2pChan
Just wondering on wheres the source code for p2pchan. Also whats the status of that project and how workable it is. I think there is a possibility of reviving it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Akimbomidget (talk • contribs) 11:26, 23 August 2011 (UTC)

Sayyed Aamir Ali
I have just started work on this article, I have also furnished a reference as well. Could you possibly remove deletion tag from this article?--Asikhi (talk) 08:20, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

doood!!
Your back! Sticking around for a while? THEN WHO WAS PHONE? (talk) 08:47, 14 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I don't use Huggle much now for reverting, but the dropdown menu for reverting with the other warnings doesn't list shortcuts anymore so perhaps they're gone. Your not the only one wondering: Wikipedia_talk:Huggle. THEN WHO WAS PHONE? (talk) 09:06, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

I3detroit
Regarding the warning you left for Bradmcma when he blanked the article he created at I3detroit (since deleted), you shouldn't revert and warn him about that as his blanking of the article can be taken as a request for deletion per WP:CSD. You should just re-tag the article with db-g7. -- Gogo Dodo (talk) 20:07, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

You are now a Reviewer
Hello. Your account has been granted the "reviewer" userright, allowing you to review other users' edits on certain flagged pages. Pending changes, also known as flagged protection, is currently undergoing a two-month trial scheduled to end 15 August 2010.

Reviewers can review edits made by users who are not autoconfirmed to articles placed under pending changes. Pending changes is applied to only a small number of articles, similarly to how semi-protection is applied but in a more controlled way for the trial. The list of articles with pending changes awaiting review is located at Special:OldReviewedPages.

When reviewing, edits should be accepted if they are not obvious vandalism or BLP violations, and not clearly problematic in light of the reason given for protection (see Reviewing process). More detailed documentation and guidelines can be found here.

If you do not want this userright, you may ask any administrator to remove it for you at any time. Courcelles (talk) 01:29, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tslocum


text:
List of settlements in the Cyclades

This is a list of settlements in the Cyclades islands, Greece. It is grouped by regional unit.

Andros

 * Ammolochos
 * Andros (town)
 * Ano Gavrio
 * Apoikia
 * Aprovatou
 * Arni
 * Batsi
 * Fellos
 * Gavrio
 * Kapparia
 * Katakoilos
 * Kochylos
 * Korthio
 * Lamyra
 * Makrotantalo
 * Mesaria
 * Ormos Korthiou
 * Palaiokastro
 * Palaiopoli
 * Pitrofos
 * Stenies
 * Syneti
 * Vitali
 * Vourkoti

Kea-Kythnos

 * Dryopida
 * Ioulis
 * Korissia
 * Kythnos

Milos (regional unit)

 * Adamantas
 * Apollonia
 * Artemonas
 * Kimolos
 * Milos
 * Pera Triovasalos
 * Serifos
 * Triovasalos
 * Trypiti

Mykonos

 * Ano Mera
 * Mykonos

Naxos (regional unit)

 * Agios Arsenios
 * Agios Prokopios
 * Aigiali
 * Amorgos
 * Apeiranthos
 * Arkesini
 * Chalkeio
 * Damarionas
 * Danakos
 * Donousa
 * Engares
 * Filoti
 * Galanado
 * Galini
 * Glynado
 * Irakleia
 * Katapola
 * Keramoti
 * Kinidaros
 * Koronida
 * Koronos
 * Koufonisia
 * Melanes
 * Mesi
 * Moni
 * Naxos (city)
 * Potamia
 * Sagkri
 * Schoinoussa
 * Skado
 * Tholaria
 * Vivlos
 * Vroutsis

Paros (regional unit)

 * Agkairia
 * Antiparos
 * Archilochos
 * Kostos
 * Lefkes
 * Marpissa
 * Naousa
 * Paros

Syros

 * Ano Syros
 * Chrousa
 * Ermoupoli
 * Foinikas
 * Galissas
 * Manna
 * Pagos
 * Poseidonia
 * Vari

Thira (regional unit)

 * Akrotiri
 * Anafi
 * Ano Meria
 * Emporeio
 * Episkopi Gonias
 * Exo Gonia
 * Fira
 * Folegandros
 * Imerovigli
 * Ios
 * Karterados
 * Megalochori
 * Mesaria
 * Oia
 * Perissa
 * Pyrgos Kallistis
 * Sikinos
 * Therasia
 * Vothonas
 * Vourvoulos

Tinos

 * Agapi
 * Dyo Choria
 * Falatados
 * Kalloni
 * Kampos
 * Kardiani
 * Komi
 * Ktikados
 * Panormos
 * Steni
 * Tinos (town)
 * Triantaros
 * Ysternia

title: List of settlements in the Cyclades


text:
Levni

Levni may refer to:

 * Levni Yilmaz (born 1973), American independent animated film maker, artist and publisher
 * Abdulcelil Levni (died 1732), Ottoman Turkish painter and miniaturist
 * Leuni, an ancient Celtic tribe of Gallaecia

title: Levni


text:
Sportivnaya (Moscow Metro)

Sportivnaya (Спорти́вная) is a Moscow Metro station on the Sokolnicheskaya line. It is in the Khamovniki District in the Central Administrative Okrug of Moscow. Named for the nearby Luzhniki Olympic Complex, it opened in 1957. Passengers may make out-of-station transfers from Sportivnaya to Luzhniki on the Moscow Central Circle, which is about 200 meters away.

The architects were Nadezhda Bykova, I. Gokhar-Kharmandaryan, Ivan Taranov, and B. Cherepanov. Sportivnaya has white marble pylons with green marble accents and a ceiling of embossed asbestos-cement tiles rather than the usual plaster. The upper two floors of the three-story vestibule are home to the Moscow Metro Museum, which displays 70 years of Metro memorabilia.

title: Sportivnaya (Moscow Metro)


text:
Category:Scientology stubs

See also WikiProject Scientology.
 * Note: Additional Scientology stubs, at Category:Stub-Class Scientology articles

title: Category:Scientology stubs


text:
Plamondon

Plamondon may refer to:

People with the surname

 * Antoine Plamondon (c. 1804–1895), Canadian artist
 * Bob Plamondon (born 1957), Canadian portrait painter
 * Charles Plamondon (born 1961), Canadian biathlete
 * Crystal Plamondon (born 1963), Canadian country music singer
 * Gerry Plamondon (1924–2019), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Huguette Plamondon (1926–2010), Canadian trade unionist
 * Louis Plamondon (born 1943), Canadian politician
 * Louis Plamondon (lawyer) (1785–1828), lawyer and militia officer in Lower Canada
 * Luc Plamondon (born 1942), Canadian musician
 * Madeleine Plamondon (born 1931), Canadian senator and consumer advocate
 * Marc-Aurèle Plamondon (1823–1900), Canadian judge
 * Marius Plamondon (1914–1976), Canadian sculptor and stained glass artist
 * Pascal Plamondon (born 1992), Canadian weightlifter
 * Pun Plamondon (born 1945), American activist

Places

 * Plamondon, Alberta, a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada
 * Plamondon Bay, a body of water in the western part of the Gouin Reservoir in La Tuque, Quebec, Canada
 * Plamondon Creek, a tributary of the Gouin Reservoir in La Tuque, Quebec, Canada
 * Plamondon River, a tributary of the Harricana River, mostly in Eeyou Istchee Baie-James, Quebec, Canada
 * Plamondon station, of the Montreal Metro

title: Plamondon


text:
Kem (singer)

Kim Lamont Owens (born July 23, 1967), better known by his stage name Kem,    is an American R&B/soul singer-songwriter and producer. Born in Nashville, Tennessee, Kem was raised in Pontiac, Michigan.

Career
Kem wrote, produced, and financed his self-released debut album, Kemistry, with his American Express card and by singing top 40 cover tunes in a wedding band and waiting tables. He was signed by Motown Records in November 2001, which re-released the album on February 25, 2003. It sold more than 500,000 copies nationwide and was certified Gold by the RIAA. The album's only official single is "Love Calls".

His second album, Album II, was released on May 17, 2005, and was certified Platinum by the RIAA. It includes the single "I Can't Stop Loving You", a #1 song at urban adult contemporary radio, and the song "You Might Win" featuring Stevie Wonder on harmonica. His third album, Intimacy: Album III, was released on August 17, 2010, and was certified Gold by the RIAA.

In 2013, Kem was featured on "My Favorite Thing", with American recording artist Ronald Isley who Kem wrote and produced for. The song is the second single from Isley's album This Song Is For You.

On August 25, 2014, Kem released his fourth studio album, Promise to Love. He performed the Grammy-nominated song "Nobody" from the album on the syndicated daytime talk show Steve Harvey during the fourth season. On August 28, 2020, he released his fifth studio album, Love Always Wins, which includes the singles "Lie To Me" and "Live Out Your Love" featuring Toni Braxton.

Awards and nominations

 * 2005: Billboard Music Award win for Top Adult R&B Single of the Year, "I Can't Stop Loving You"
 * 2005: Billboard Music Award nomination for Top Adult R&B Artist of the Year (lost to Fantasia).
 * 2011: 53rd Grammy Awards, Best R&B Male Performance, “Why Would You Stay” (Nomination)
 * 2011: 53rd Grammy Awards, Best R&B Song, "Why Would You Stay" (Nomination)
 * 2014: 57th Grammy Awards, Best Traditional R&B Performance, "Nobody" (Nomination)

title: Kem (singer)


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User:Telemachus

Welcome!

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Thanks for your comment on Talk:Conversation -- you raise a good point. -Mr. Billion 00:43, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Telemachus


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User talk:H.b.~enwiki

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Benjamin Roden
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. There are a few lines in the Benjamin Roden article which aren't in line with our neutral point of view policy. For example:

"As a person who took his stand for truth when it was presented to him"

"together they labored faithfully"

"During the last year of his life, he was greatly comforted by the Lord"

And several others like these. They may or may not be true, but they aren't verifiable for the vast majority of our editors, indeed they seem like they are subjective advocacy, not objective reporting. There can be a good encyclopaedia article on Roden, his meeting with President Carter is a good case for his notability, but it shouldn't be as effusive as what is there now.

To that end, here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Fire Star 01:08, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
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Lois Roden
I've just had a look at the Lois Roden article, it is much more in line with what I am talking about. Respectful without being worshipful, with better conditioning of statements. Regards, Fire Star 01:13, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:LoisIRoden.jpg
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File permission problem with File:BenjaminLRoden.gif
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Your account will be renamed
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The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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title: User talk:H.b.~enwiki


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User:Apollo269

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title: User:Apollo269


text:
File:Cover Nucleic Acids Research v33i12 small.gif

Summary
Cover image of the January 2005 (vol 33 #1) issue of Nucleic Acids Research. Location = ; accessed from http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/; retrieved July 15, 2005. "At the top left is a crystallization drop with small crystals. Below this is the chemical structure of the aminoglycoside antibiotic paromomycin centered on the area devoid of antibiotic growth. At the top right is a global view of the Thermus thermophilus 30S structure with paromomycin complexed to the decoding A-site in the presence of a messenger RNA fragment and cognate tRNA anticodon hairpin loop." according to.