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Pac-Man World

Pac-Man World (パックマンワールド 20thアニバーサリー) is a platform video game developed and published by Namco for the PlayStation. Controlling Pac-Man, the player must complete each of the game's six worlds by collecting a certain amount of pellets to open up an exit door. The plot follows Pac-Man's enemies, the ghosts, crashing his 20th birthday and kidnapping his friends and family to bring them to their homeland of Ghost Island — with his birthday in ruins and his family in trouble, Pac-Man sets out to rescue them and defeat the ghosts.

The game originally began as an open-world adventure game titled Pac-Man Ghost Zone, with development headed by director Bill Anderson and designer Scott Rogers. After being unhappy with the game's quality, Namco scrapped the game and fired nearly the entire team aside from Rogers and a few others. The development team focused on making the game live up to the "flavor and feel" of the original Pac-Man, and to successfully bring the character into an enjoyable 3D adventure game.

Pac-Man World was a critical and commercial success, selling over 1.25 million copies in North America alone. Reviewers praised the game's originality, colorful graphics, gameplay mechanics, and soundtrack. Some criticized it for being repetitive after a while and its constant use of backtracking. A Game Boy Advance remake was developed by Full Fat and released in 2004, while the PlayStation version was digitally re-released for the PlayStation Network in 2013 under the PSone Classics brand. It was followed by two sequels, Pac-Man World 2 and Pac-Man World 3, and a racing spin-off, Pac-Man World Rally. A remake developed by Now Production and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment, titled Pac-Man World Re-Pac, was released on August 26, 2022 on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S, and Windows.

Gameplay
Pac-Man World is a 3D platform video game. Controlling Pac-Man, the player must complete each of the game's six worlds to rescue his family and friends, who are held captive by the ghosts in their homeland of Ghost Island. Worlds consist of four levels each (except the Ruins world, which has three), which are completed by eating all of the pellets to open up an exit door. The final level of each world has a boss that Pac-Man must defeat in order to progress. At the beginning of the game, only three worlds are available, while the other three are unlocked by completing all prior worlds. The six worlds in the game each feature distinctive themes, e.g. the first world, Pirate, features ships, cannons, and beaches.

Levels contain fruit that can be eaten for bonus points, alongside letters that spell out "PACMAN". Collecting all of these letters in a level will unlock a secret bonus stage. Some levels require Pac-Man to retrieve a key to rescue one of his captive friends. Galaxian flagships found in certain levels allow Pac-Man to access a 3D maze themed after the world he is in. These mazes play similarly to the original Pac-Man and Ms. Pac-Man, where Pac-Man will need to eat all the dots and avoid the ghosts. Completing these mazes will unlock them for replay from the main menu. Most levels also contain Pac-Man's nemeses, the ghost gang, which can be defeated by consuming large Power Pellets and eating them.

Pac-Man has two main moves, which can be used to defeat enemies and other objects: a butt-bounce that can shatter crates and crush enemies, and a rev-roll that allows him to propel up ramps or activate moving platforms. Pac-Man has a health meter that allows him to sustain three hits before dying. He can find small fractions of health to replenish it in levels, as well as extra lives. The player can find crates scattered around in levels, some of them giving Pac-Man access to new abilities, such as a metal suit allowing him to walk underwater. Pac-Man can also interact with objects such as trampolines, doors and ramps, which can be used to solve puzzles to progress through the level. At the main menu, the player can play a port of the original Pac-Man arcade game, which is the same version found in Namco Museum Vol. 1.

Development
Pac-Man World began as a prototype platform game for the PlayStation, titled Pac-Man Ghost Zone, which was only shown at the Electronic Entertainment Expo in 1997 and intended for released in the fall of that same year. Headed by Namco Hometek director Bill Anderson, the game followed a teenager being sucked into a Pac-Man arcade cabinet by the ghosts and their leader the Ghost Lord, and transforming into Pac-Man. The game was made to break the mold of previous Pac-Man games, such as having a grittier look. Namco's Japanese division put pressure on the project with strict guidelines — Anderson recalls being unable to use a 3D render of the character as a reference, requiring the team to make it themselves. Development was assisted by designer Scott Rogers, with music composed by Tommy Tallarico. When the prototype was presented to Namco, they became unhappy with it and cancelled it for quality reasons, firing the entire development team aside from Rogers, an artist and a programmer. Namco also pushed the release date back to 1998 to allow the game to be reworked. The team decided to revamp the project with a new gameplay engine.

Rogers, who had previously worked on localization for Namco's own Soul Edge and Xevious 3D/G, became the head designer of the project and created many of the enemies and stage layouts. The team set out to retain the "flavor and feel" of the original Pac-Man, and to bring the character into an entertaining platform game. Inspiration was taken from earlier platform games in the series, notably Pac-Land (1984) and Pac-In-Time (1995). During development, Rogers noted that trying to live up to the game's source material put a large amount of pressure on the team, claiming that most players were only familiar with the original Pac-Man and Ms. Pac-Man with no memories for later games in the series, which left the team having to make the game appeal to players of those two games. The game originally featured cameos from other Namco characters, including Taizo Hori from Dig Dug and Valkyrie from Valkyrie no Densetsu; however, these were replaced with members of Pac-Man's family in the final version — a Pooka from Dig Dug was later added into the game due to the character's popularity in Japan. The game's main antagonist, Toc-Man, is named after Namcot, the older Japanese home console division of Namco.

Pac-Man wasn't given a voice in the game due to Namco being unable to decide what he should sound like — some suggested that he sound like an adult male and others like a human child. To save money on voice acting and animation, the character was left largely unvoiced with no lines spoken. Tommy Tallarico's studio was hired back for the game's audio, with Joey Kuras being responsible for the sound design and Todd Dennis composing the music. The game was first shown at the 1998 Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) tradeshow in Atlanta, Georgia, under the working title Pac-Man 3-D. Rogers recalls it being a popular title, saying that many play testers shared with him their memories with Pac-Man series. It was then shown off at E3 1999 under the final title of Pac-Man World: 20th Anniversary. The game was released in North America on October 15, 1999, to coincide with the original release of Pac-Man in the United States. The advertisements notably featured Mr. T and Verne Troyer as neighbors in Beverly Hills who are shocked to see Pac-Man move into and renovate the house across the street from them. It was later released in Japan on November 2, 1999 and in Europe on February 28, 2000. A Game Boy Advance version was developed by Full Fat and released in 2004. The PlayStation version was digitally re-released on the PlayStation Network in 2013, part of the PSone Classics brand.

Reception
Pac-Man World was well received by critics for its gameplay, soundtrack, graphics and originality, holding an 81% score on aggregator website GameRankings though the GBA version held a score of 59.00%. By 2007, the game had sold over 1.24 million copies in North America alone.

GameSpot compared the game favorably to Namco's own Klonoa: Door to Phantomile, praising its colorful graphics, character animations and controls, concluding that it was "worthy of anyone's library". IGN had a similar response, liking the game's originality, graphics and soundtrack — they especially praised its gameplay for standing out among other platform games, with its puzzle solving and animation style. GameFan praised its gameplay, puzzle-solving mechanics and inclusion of the original Pac-Man, while Official US PlayStation Magazine applauded its gameplay, vibrant graphics, challenge and boss fights, saying that the game's use of nostalgia doesn't feel forced on the player. GameFan also wrote that the game "perfectly mimics those old 8-bit and 16-bit platformers we used to go nuts over", comparing the game's quality favorably to Klonoa: Door to Phantomile. Atari HQ liked how the game tied in a platform game with mechanics from the original, highly praising its gameplay and originality.

Game Revolution was particularly negative towards the game, saying that it simply existed as a marketing ploy to scoop up additional money from the name recognition. They criticized the game for lacking originality, particularly comparing it unfavorably to Donkey Kong Country and Crash Bandicoot, as well as for having an unbalanced difficulty level and "quick, corner-cutting development". They only recommended the game to hardcore Pac-Man fans, although mockingly commented that they "probably bought [it] already."

Remake
A remake of Pac-Man World, titled Pac-Man World Re-Pac, was announced through a Nintendo Direct in June 2022. Developed by Now Production, using the Unity engine, the game recreates the game from the ground up. The remake was released on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S, and PC via Steam on August 26 the same year. Unlike prior releases in this console generation (Katamari, Mr. Driller, Klonoa), it is not a part of Namco's "Encore" series of 3D franchise remakes.

Pac-Man World Re-Pac features several alterations to the game, ranging from visual overhauls to several worlds and alterations to gameplay. Various stages have been altered from the original, as well as boss battles being overhauled and new enemies being added. The remake also introduces several new techniques for Pac-Man, such as being able to destroy the level objects after eating a Power Pellet, and Pac-Man being able to hover in the air.

Production on the remake began in 2020 in conjunction with Pac-Man Museum+, and was largely influenced by fans of the game asking for a remake for years. Production focused on updating the game presentation while also leaving core aspects intact. Several members of Pac-Man's family have been replaced; Ms. Pac-Man, Pac-Man Junior and Baby Pac-Man were replaced by the similar Pac-Mom, Pac-Boy and Pac-Sis respectively, similarly to previous Pac-Man re-releases including Pac-Man Museum+. Bandai Namco has not officially stated reasons for the replacement of the characters, though news outlets have assumed the changes are tied to Ms. Pac-Man's ongoing AtGames dispute. The initial release for the game did not feature credits from the original game's development staff, which the original Pac-Man World game designer Scott Rogers found disappointing and received criticism from fans. An update released on November 16, 2022 added the original team's credits to the credits, which later received praise from Scott Rogers. On November 16, 2022, paid DLC was released for the game that gives Pac-Man a special skin and unlocks a jukebox to listen to the game's music.

Pac-Man World Re-Pac received favorable reviews for its gameplay and visual improvements, but was criticized for its lack of innovation.

title: Pac-Man World


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Talk:Processor register

Attention flag
This article could probably use some attention from other folks familiar with the field. First of all, there's really no general explanation of what a register is, or how it's implemented in hardware. (Essentially a value associated with a particular address, stored in binary digits using electromagnetic storage.) This article focuses particularly on registers found in CPUs; I'm not sure if that should be included here, or if a general article should be created. The other, related problem is that there are lots of very short articles that describe CPU registers that are used for particular purposes. It's very hard to get an idea of how all these registers fit together by reading all these separate articles (unless you know how these things work already). I assume any given register (except for I/O, of course), will usually be assigned a certain function by convention, not because it's physically any different than any other register. (That issue is somewhat murky.) It may be that the best way to tie together all the various types of register would be to write a "how CPUs execute code" article, which doesn't seem to exist. This article is mostly just a parts list, which isn't all that illuminating. -- Beland 06:45, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Having started assembly programming in the mid-70s it is my view that the article is a good start, could do with some expansion, some examples from well known processors (x86, 68K and ARM would seem appropriate) and a DSP (for instance DSP56300). I will address each of your questions in turn:
 * there's really no general explanation of what a register is: In old style architecture it was quite simple: just a set of static RAM bits hardwired to specific CPU functions. In modern times we have register aliasing and other tricks to improve speed that complicates the issues. As an example: the instruction set architecture in Pentium is very similar as to, sat, the 386 processor, yet the internals is very, very different and horrifically complicated. So 20 years ago I could have given you a simple explanation that today would be misleading.
 * or how it's implemented in hardware: Again, it used to be simple (latches and flipflops) but today we have register files (tables of registers implemented extremely fast RAM) that are dynamically mapped to specific functions.
 * This article focuses particularly on registers found in CPUs: That simply is the title of this article. Mixing it with registers in SCSI, S-ATA, RAMBUS-memory or the like would seem irrelevant to me.
 * It's very hard to get an idea of how all these registers fit together: Sometimes the registers are loosely connected, like floating point and integer registers on x86. You can convert but that is explicitly done.
 * I assume any given register (except for I/O, of course), will usually be assigned a certain function by convention, not because it's physically any different than any other register. These used to be very, very different but with register aliasing, register files and more CPU-internal data busses things have become more flexible. The cost is design complexity, larger die sizes (to cater to all these busses) and speed (moving from hidden functional registers to programmer visible registers in the register file.
 * his article is mostly just a parts list, which isn't all that illuminating. Assembly programming can be somewhat arcane but given a few days of hands on assembly programming you learn the logic of it all. The problem is that there is no standard, x86 and 68K are very different, in fact the ISA is what defines the differences and teh behaviour to the programmer. -- Deleteme42

CPU cache
This article is talking about the same thing as the CPU cache. The names are pretty much meaning the same thing, as register synonymous to cache, and CPU to processor. Perhaps we should merge these together. --Bookinvestor 10:40, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

 * No, registers are not the same as cache. Registers are either used to hold the values that are being used by the execution units or to configure the processor, while caches are used to hold instructions or data that are frequently used by the processor. They may be implemented with the same kind of memory (SRAM) but that is where the similarity ends. Rilak 06:05, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

Maybe I'm being picky but there's a problem with the first x86 example
Hi there I was just looking around Wikipedia for some information about the registers in the x86 architecture and the x86 article itself conflicts with the first example on this page about the x86 this article states that.

"For instance, the x86 instruction set defines a set of eight  32-bit registers"

however the x86 architecture began as a 16-bit architecture so 32-bit registers are not actually a requirement of the x86.

"With the advent of the 32-bit 80386 processor, the 16-bit general-purpose registers, base registers, index registers, instruction pointer, and FLAGS register, but not the segment registers, were expanded to 32 bits. " - from Wikipedia/x86 - 32-bit registers section

I'm going to go ahead and change "For instance, the x86 instruction set defines a set of eight  32-bit registers" to something like "For instance, the x86  instruction set defines a set of 16-bit registers however most modern x86 processors have extended these to a length of 32-bits" the number of registers also seems to be a bit off as the origional 16-bit x86 had 14 16-bit registers the 32-bit must have 10.

No I think I'll just substitute x86 for IA-32 and remove the number eight. I think that will do.

' This is a talk page. Please respect the talk page guidelines, and remember to sign your posts by typing four tildes (~). '

thanks for the reminder

Bob Man  801  10:04, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Stack pointer as integer register (in 6502)
You wouldn't usually think of the stack pointer as a general (purpose) integer register (in 6502). But couldn't you use it as one? Maybe include or add as a note. I'm asking since W65C816S (a variant it seems), seems to include SP in the count (and ARM, where it really is general). Is there a reson it should be counted there and not be consistent? comp.arch (talk) 15:02, 4 June 2013 (UTC)

 * The Dec PDP-11 nominally had 8 registers, but one was used as the stack pointer and one as the instruction counter. You could indeed do arithmetic on either of these registers e.g. for removing parameters from the stack you just adjusted the stack pointer using an ADD or SUB instruction.  The DEC VAX was similar, but with 16 registers instead of 8. Murray Langton (talk) 16:15, 4 June 2013 (UTC)

IBM Cell
Can't figure out IBM Cell in the table. Maybe it should me listed as 'SPEs (in IBM's Cell)', because the Cell includes Power arch (PPE) that obviously has more registers. I'm not sure what the integer and FP cells mean. I think they should be unified to one cell, since the SPEs seem to be unified (are there more registers?) See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Cell#Synergistic_Processing_Elements_.28SPE.29

Another (cleaner) unified integer and floating point, non-vector, though multi-core, Epiphany, could be added as an unified example. That one has 32 32-bit unified registers (per core, that are 16 or 64 or up to 4096 in the future). comp.arch (talk) 15:46, 4 June 2013 (UTC)

Etymology
Does anyone have any information about how the word register came to be used for this part of a computer? Apart from pure speculation, that is. --User:Dolda2000 (talk) 05:23, 2 April 2014 (UTC)

General purpose register
Regarding GPR (in Template:Infobox CPU architecture) the general means "generally used in the same way" as opposed to the special purpose registers? I'm thinking of hardwired-to-zero "registers", they can be used as a source as any other. But they are not usable as a destination, so not as "general". Are they for sure to be counted with GPRs? I don't see a better alternative term for the real general registers. Integer registers are not the best substitute for GPR as eg. SP is (usually) a special purpose data integer register (and zero is an integer).. comp.arch (talk) 17:04, 23 May 2014 (UTC)

Xilinx Spartan
I seem to have some doubts about the claim that the Xilinx Spartan happens to have 1 GPR and 3 FP registers. As an FPGA, any number of registers can be instantiated within the limits of the hardware as part of a design, and the design need not be a processor to begin with. Rarkenin (talk) 10:32, 20 April 2016 (UTC)

ARM32 description
This partly ties in with what was said previously about the 6502 stack pointer register but pertaining to ARM chips. On at least the older incarnations (ARM2/ARM3/etc) R13 was only the stack pointer by convention. As far as the CPU is concerned it was general-purpose as there are no special stack instructions (AFAIK this is also true of the newer 32-bit-address-space chips provided they are operating in ARM (not Thumb) mode (see http://www.davespace.co.uk/arm/introduction-to-arm/registers.html). R14 can also be used as a general purpose register except when the BL (branch with link) instruction is used (which set it to the return address), so arguably there's 15 GPRs with the caveat about R14. On another note, I'm pretty sure R14 is also swapped out during a bank-switch. These assertions agree with what's written in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture. I will modify the entry accordingly unless there are any objections? Thanks! 95.149.246.82 (talk) 23:07, 4 June 2016 (UTC)

Suboptimal constant register examples
"Constant registers hold read-only values such as zero, one, or pi ." is in my opinion unnecessary and misleading, since in the beginning it might raise an impression, that these registers hold only single bit value constant, or at least that it's somehow useful to make these trivial values a constant; and then makes radical turnover that they can hold transcendental number constants. :) (to comment this edit reversal) —Mykhal (talk) 00:37, 9 January 2018 (UTC)

 * It would seem that the processor architects who defined and implemented always-zero registers (the most common examples) on several different CPUs don't agree with your opinion that they're not useful. I don't see any implication of "single bit-value constant" as such registers are generally the same width as any of the GPRs. (If your GPR is 64 bits wide, to set it to zero you do have to clear all 64 bits!) Re your objection about transcendental numbers, it would be reasonable to add "an approximation of" to the mention of pi. Jeh (talk) 01:10, 9 January 2018 (UTC)

Categories of registers: Memory buffer register (MBR) vs. Memory data register (MDR)
Under the section "Categories of registers", the Internal registers "Memory buffer register (MBR)" and "Memory data register (MDR)" are linked to the same article. However, the linked article doesn't clearly differentiate between the two registers mentioned.

In the linked article (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_buffer_register), it seems to imply that both terms mean the same thing. The article states the following: "A memory buffer register (MBR) or memory data register (MDR) is the register in a computer's processor, or central processing unit, CPU, that stores the data being transferred to and from the immediate access storage."

Other source does seem to suggest that the two registered do mean the same thing.

Are you able to either just use one term if they are indeed the same thing? Or can you edit the document to clear up the differences? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Supmethods (talk • contribs) 16:33, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

CUDA
Whichever way you define and count registers, the CUDA table entries are complete nonsense. I'll have to come back from a desktop computer where I can make decent edits, but as it stands the CUDA row in the table is completely wrong. 85.255.235.215 (talk) 21:23, 8 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Figured out how to edit from my phone and replaced the CUDA entry with something sensible. Still need to reference the CUDA C Programming Guide though. 85.255.235.215 (talk) 21:43, 8 January 2020 (UTC).

"Stack pointer" vs. "stack register"
In this edit, the term "stack pointer" was replaced with "stack register", with the comment "his seems clearer to me, as this makes it harder to confuse it for a pointer pointing to a stack".

However, for better or worse, a Google Ngram for the two terms shows "stack pointer" used more than "stack register"; people used to the former term may be surprised by its absence.

"Stack pointer" could either mean "a pointer that points to a stack" or "a pointer that points *into* a stack" - in particular, to the top element of the stack; the latter is the correct interpretation.

I've reverted that change; discuss here. Guy Harris (talk) 22:36, 11 April 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Processor register


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Talk:Charles Darrow

Please specify
"[I]t was discovered that Darrow had actually stolen the idea [...]." For God's sake, please cite sources! Please specify. Please give details about the case. Where? When?

Were the "Marven Gardens" mentioned in the Landlord's Game? The Marven Gardens are a housing area outside Atlantic City.

See Whatever the spelling, Marven Gardens has its charms.

http://www.adena.com/adena/mo/mo11.htm

There is no direct connection between Charles Todd's game and The Landlord's Game. Or else, prove it.

The story at http://www.theantiquesalmanac.com/monopoly.htm states that "The real story begins with Elizabeth Magie Phillips", but I don't find it decent, since there is no "real story". That article by Bob Brooke is way too anecdotal and gossipy, and I find it implausible. There were many people at the beginning of the 20th Century playing similar games.

2004-12-29T22:45Z 06:59, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * No one should dispute that Darrow had a reasonable legal right to make and sell copies of Monopoly but what people dislike is the false claim that he invented it. Luckily we don't need to prove the connection between Charles Todd's game and The Landlord's Game since the really important connection is between Charles Todd's game and Charles Darrow's game and Ralph Ansbach has already proved that connection in a court of law, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in the case of Anti-Monopoly, Inc. v. General Mills Fun Group, decided August 26, 1982. (648 F 2d 1316) to be exact.

 * In particular the court said...

 * “...Moreover, the [lower] court’s reference to Darrow as the inventor or creator of the game is clearly erroneous. The record shows, as we stated in Anti-Monopoly I, that the game of “Monopoly” was first played from 1920 to 1932 on various college campuses by a small group of individuals, many of whom were related by blood or marriage. In late 1932 or early 1933 one of these players introduced Charles Darrow to the game, and gave him a handmade game board, rules, and associated equipment. Immediately, thereafter Darrow commenced commercially producing and selling ‘Monopoly’ game equipment.”
 * 611 F2d at 299.

 * We have re-examined the entire record on appeal. Here is what it shows. At some time between 1904 and 1934, the game of monopoly developed. Early equipment was handmade and copied from earlier handmade equipment. All the witnesses presented by Anti-Monopoly insisted that the game was known as “Monopoly” by all who played it, although in most cases the name did not appear on the board itself. The game was played in Reading, Pennsylvania, sometime between 1911 and 1917, but this date may be a little early. In the early 1920s the game was played in Princeton University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Smith College, the University of Pennsylvania, and Haverford College. On occasion the rules were privately printed. The game was offered to, but rejected by, Milton Bradley, a leading competitor of Parker Brothers. It was played in and around Reading, Pennsylvania from the early 1920s to the early 1930s. It may have been brought there from the University of Pennsylvania. Players in Reading made up and sold some half dozen sets of equipment at Williams College and University of Michigan. The game next appeared in Indianapolis, where some players marketed it under the name of “Finance.” (Players in Reading sold some of those games, too.) The game of monopoly was brought to Atlantic City, New Jersey in 1931 or thereabouts. The street names used in the game were then changed to Atlantic City street names. The game was taught to Darrow. He sold it to Parker Brothers in 1935, claiming that it was his own invention. Parker Brothers also bought the Finance game from its owners... Robert B.M. Barton, the former President of Parker Brothers, who negotiated with Darrow in 1935, testified that he did not believe Darrow’s claim [that Darrow invented Monopoly.] It is true that Darrow, in his correspondence with Parker Brothers, claimed to have invented the game and offered to sign an affidavit stating his story. However, Robert B. M. Barton, the former president of Parker Brothers, who negotiated with Darrow in 1935, testified that he did not believe Darrow's claim.”

For more interesting information including "the real story" of how Magie's game led to Todd's game (given on oath by witnesses in court), you should read http://tt.tf/gamehist/monopoly-sale/anspach-archives.html as well as the link to the Early History of Monopoly which you can find at the bottom of the Monopoly (game) page. -- Derek Ross | Talk 06:39, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

article lacks citations
I believe this entire article lacks citations. Anyway, I added another known version to the 'evolution' section.Nricketts (talk) 13:58, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

Charles Darrow and the controversy of Monopoly's origins
Firstly, how about some structure and formatting to help make this discussion easier to follow... There are plenty of resources available to help you format Wikipedia discussions...

The opening sentence of this article states "Charles Brace Darrow (10 August 1879–29 August 1967) is best known as the inventor of the Monopoly board game." To the casual observer this sounds like an undisputed fact. Anyone reading this discussion page will know that nothing could be further from the truth, which is highlighted just three sentences later!

I have only just begun researching the origins of Monopoly and in many ways was not surprised at all to learn that the details of its origins is shrouded in so much controversy and apparent supression. The article Monopoly (board game) is considerably biased in favour of the Parker Brothers position.

Personally, I find it exceedingly apt that Parther Brothers was able to monopolise a game called Monopoly so successfully!

PS. First sentence changed in lieue of above justification.

--Simonmetcalf (talk) 06:09, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

birthday
The birthday was changed: Both changes were done without sources. So I think the first date was correct. If you have a good source for another date please insert the source. Greetings --Heiko (talk) 09:35, 23 February 2009 (UTC)
 * on 16. July 2005 the birthday 10. August 1889 was inserted
 * on 15. May 2008 the date was changed from 10. August 1889 to 11. August 1879
 * on 10. August 2008 the date was changed from 11. August to auf 10. August 1879

Marven vs Marvin citation
There's a sentence in the article that reads: "During the ten year suit, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals found that Darrow had copied down the rules directly (even the misspelling of Marven Gardens as "Marvin Gardens") from the game produced by Charles Todd.[8]" However, in the citation (http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1441&context=llr) which discusses the courts rulings, I couldn't find any mention of Marven Gardens being copied misspelled. I'm not sure the best way to resolve this... perhaps put "Citation needed" within the parentheses? ScooterJohn (talk) 19:45, 9 December 2015 (UTC)

There is no mention of Marvin/Marven Gardens, or of the Todd's in the article, or in the court cases. http://openjurist.org/684/f2d/1316/anti-monopoly-inc-v-general-mills-fun-group-inc http://openjurist.org/611/f2d/296/anti-monopoly-inc-v-general-mills-fun-group Olivertownshend (talk) 07:34, 26 January 2016 (UTC)

Removed unsourced claim about number of "fundamental errors" named by Parker Brothers
In of the page, there is the following claim that has needed a citation since November 2013:

"The latter company rejected the game for three (not 52 as is popularly believed) "fundamental errors", which included the game's length and complexity."

Basically, I could only find the information on page 49 of Monopoly: The World's Most Famous Game--And How It Got That Way, from which it looks like the text was paraphrased. However, I couldn't find where the author's source for that was, and I couldn't find any more authoritative sources on this in Google Books.

If anyone can find an authoritative source for either the 52 errors or 3 errors number, that would be great, but otherwise I've removed the claim and just said that the game was initially rejected. AllenZh (talk) 21:42, 10 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Charles Darrow


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Criteria/Archive14

Category:Rail stubs is getting pretty large. A significant fraction of the articles in there are about railway stations, so I'm thinking about adding a new subcategory of Category:Rail station stubs and an associated stub tag. Let me know if there are any objections. JYolkowski // talk 01:14, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * What proportion of those stations are in London? A London-rail-stub might solve a lot of the problem, and save having a stub that cuts into the subcategories of struct-stub (it might well take things out of both UK-struct-stub and US-struct-stub as well as the main struct-stub category). Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]] 06:51, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think there's a lot of them from London proper (underground stations should be in LUL-stub anyway), although I think I see what you're saying in that separating them out geographically is probably a good idea since the structures stub category is as well. JYolkowski // talk 13:42, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * How about and  (and ones for other countries) to help people to find them from their countries. TAS 09:09, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I think that makes sense. I'll go with that unless there are any further objections.   is another big one.  One more little thing, would it be better to have a dash between the country name and station in the template name or not?  JYolkowski // talk 13:42, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The reason I was wondering about London is I came across 30 or 40 London rail (not tube) stations while going through UK-struct-stub, and there is now a London WikiProject. UK-station-stub would probably be a reasonable compromise though. With a dash, as in UK-geo-stub and UK-bio-stub. Note the capitals, too. As with US-geo-stub and US-bio-stub, the capitals are where they are in the name of the country. Grutness|hello? 11:38, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Cool, I'll create US-station-stub, UK-station-stub and Australia-station-stub shortly. JYolkowski // talk 13:29, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually I didn't create the Australia one (yet) since there isn't an Australian structure stub category. I'll see how much I can get out of Category:Rail stubs first and then see whether I still need it.  JYolkowski // talk 13:46, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Good point. I didn't make an aussie struct-stub category when I made the other two... I'll have a look at the generic struct-stubs sometime soon and see whether there are enough Australian ones for their own category. Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]] 22:47, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Update - not really. Only 20 Aussie structure stubs in the Struct-stub category. Then again, there are probably quite a number in Australia-geo-stub... Grutness...  wha?  09:00, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

Pleased see the note below at WikiProject Stub sorting/Criteria about problems relating to the naming of these categories! Grutness...  wha?  06:53, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

update: See note under WikiProject Stub sorting/Criteria, below.

Splitting Org-stub
This category's getting several pages long. I have already started with UK-org-stub and I propose the following to go on with:
 * US-org-stub
 * poli-org-stub
 * sci-org-stub

Joe D (t) 01:50, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Beware of making such a distinction - there exist articles on many US political organizations, so you'd end up with a mess if you left people the free choice. --Joy [shallot]   09:33, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed - just split things along one dimension (which in this case would be by country). If there seem to be too many stubs in one country, then consider splitting it by a second dimension (type of org) later. Grutness...  wha?  02:48, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

singer-stub *created*
I think people are putting singers and vocalists into either the music-stub and musician-stub categories, but those are only rough fits. There is already an opera-singer-stub, but I think that there should also be a generic singer-stub. Blank Verse  ∅  15:27, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm sorting any singer I find in music-stub to musician-stub. Singers are musicians. But musician-stub itself is hopelessly crowded and should be split up. I'd rather split it by genre than by role, even though some say it can't be done. -- grm_wnr Esc  20:45, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I think that most people are probably like me--when they think of musicians, their first idea is of instrumentalists only. Most singers are known primarily as singers, or maybe singer-songwriters. There are not that many that are really well known as both singers and instrumentalists (Nat King Cole is the first one that comes to mind).

 * Trying to fit some people into different genres is going to be very easy for some people, but where in the heck would you fit a genre-crossers like Lyle Lovett (singer-songwriter?)? Blank Verse   ∅  04:02, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I personally think of a singer as a muscian without confusion, the instrument being their voice. Courtland 17:57, 2005 Jun 5 (UTC)
 * I'd put Lovett into country-musician-stub without hesitation, since that seems to be his primary genre. If he's really that much of a crossover artist, double tag with jazz-musician-stub. Alternatively, it could be argued that singer/songwriter is a genre in itself - but there are tons of singers (and even more vocalists, which I'd suggest you use if subdivision by role is deemed more workable) that don't fit in there, but somewhere else. -- a non-logged in User:Grm wnr from 84.147.232.130 18:17, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I see singer-stub got added, created by User:Infrogmation.—Wahoofive (talk)
 * Do rappers go in singer-stub?—Wahoofive (talk) 19:32, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * My personal answer is no. A rapper-stub would actually be more productive, as the differences are substantial enough for editors to be interested in one subject and not on the other. --Sn0wflake 20:07, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Really? I would have to disagree. I see them all as being forms of musical expression, with voice being the instrument of choice. Having said that though, a rapper-stub child would certainly be a suitable child branch, assuming of course that there were sufficient number of stubs to populate said branch. --TheParanoidOne 21:46, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Shame this series of comments wasn't brought up until after singer-stub was created - it seems to me that vocalist-stub would have been a far better name, as it would unequivocally (no pun intended) cover both "singers" and "rappers" and those vocalists that do both. Grutness...  wha?  00:09, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay... let's be more constructive, James... Are there enough rappers for their own stub, as a subcat of singer-stub? Grutness...  wha?  8 July 2005 11:22 (UTC)

Comedy stub
Called for "Comedy". I'm sure 'rere's alot small articles about comedies around, never really "finished"-ones. 'rerefore, I suggest 'ris.OleMurder 15:01, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC) Who's with me?--OleMurder 15:01, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Mmm. This one cuts across so very many categories that it wouldn't be a good idea, really: TV, radio, books, comics, film... there's already a comedian stub, and there was talk a while back of making a Tv-comedy-stub, if those two help... Grutness...  wha?  02:19, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Split of musician-stub
In order to remove quite a few entries from musician-stub I am going to create a few subcategories, initially to be used for the most common kinds of musicians: singer-stub, guitarist-stub, bassist-stub and drummer-stub. In the future more might be required, but those would be good enough for now. --Sn0wflake 23:40, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Then make opera-singer-stub a subcat of singer-stub? —Wahoofive (talk) 04:56, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

An update: Category:Musician stubs now includes:

 * composers - composer-stub - 635 articles
 * singers - singer-stub - 323 articles
 * opera singers - opera-singer-stub - 100 articles
 * guitarists - guitarist-stub - 141 articles
 * drummers - drummer-stub - 36 articles
 * bassists - bassist-stub - 118 articles

There's also band-stub with over a thousand articles, that should be the next split target. Rock band, pop band, classical ensemble, ...? --Joy [shallot]   8 July 2005 09:44 (UTC)
 * Regarding the stub counts, I'm currently working on moving articles from bio-stub to the musician hierarchy, so I imagine those numbers will increase quite a bit. --TheParanoidOne 8 July 2005 12:13 (UTC)

 * Um, we are all currently working on moving articles from bio-stub everywhere else, so all counts will increase :) --Joy [shallot]

 * Heh. True :) --TheParanoidOne 8 July 2005 19:54 (UTC)

mast-stub or tower-stub (*created as mast-stub)
There are at least 80 stubs already included in Category:Buildings and structures stubs that deal with various masts and transmission towers. Such towers seem to be of interest to some people on Wikipedia, as is evidenced by this year's VfD consensus proposal on the subject, and by articles like List of masts. Putting a stub like mast-stub or tower-stub within struct-stub would make it easier to develop these articles. NatusRoma 06:08, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Coincidentally, I'm busy sorting through the struct-stubs right now, tallying up to see if we need any further splits of it. If we do, the primary split would most logically be by location rather than type of structure, but I see no reason why some types of structure couldn't also be split as a secondary stub (coupled with a more general struct-stub by location, as is done with museum-stub). masts and stadia are the two types of building that seem to crop up most often (tower is a bit vague, since it could refer to anything from skyscrapers to parts of castles). So although I'm a little dubious of splitting by anything other than location, mast-stub does sound possible. Grutness...  wha?  06:32, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * When I find these they almost always can be stubbed with Broadcasting-stub or a child thereof, and I double-stub them with a struct-stub template if there is a geographically specific one available. As there is a "structures by use" section on WP:WSS/ST maybe it would be appropriate to create Broadcasting-struct-stub which would include the so-purposed items that would go into the proposed stub template as well as things like Broadcasting_House and similar items. Note that there are likely more non-templated stubs to be found in Category:Guyed masts.  This is a place where the geography-versus-purpose discussion gets a little murky because I don't know of any typical person who would be able to say a lot about a TV tower even if it were visible from their living room window; it's kind of an esoteric interest. Courtland 14:08, 2005 Jun 21 (UTC)
 * I'd still favour mast-stub (or maybe transmitter-stub?). After going through all the struct-stubs, there are a huge number of masts, but I don't recall more than one or two broadcasters' buildings, if that. There's nothing to stop the Category:Mast stubs (or whatever) beig a child of both struct and bcast. This is a case where our naming system falls down, btw - bcast stubs have double-barreled names, struct-stubs don't. Grutness...  wha?  03:25, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Sounds good, Mast-stub as a child of both Struct-stub and Broadcasting-stub, where the parent-child relationship is inclusive rather than exclusive. Going back a long way to explain the inclusive/exclusive .. exclusive would mean that the members of a child category must all be describable by all parent categories, which in this case would mean that masts not utilized for broadcasting would be excluded; inclusive would mean that most of the members of a child category could also be placed into the parent categories, but not necessarily all member articles, meaning that a mast might or might not be used for broadcasting, but that most of the masts are used for broadcasting. Courtland 17:32, 2005 Jun 22 (UTC)
 * Okay - mast-stub is up and running. Now it just needs to be filled. This will cut across the structures by location idea, but in this case I think this is one of those rare cases where it's far more likely that someone will know about the technical aspects of a mast if they're interested in masts than if they're intereested in a particular geographic area. Grutness...  wha?  6 July 2005 05:49 (UTC)

Egypt-stub -> ancient-Egypt-stub?
It seems logical to move the template talking about ancient Egypt to that name, and leave Egypt-stub for the modern Egypt. --Joy [shallot]   11:52, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I was going to suggest something similar myself once Egypt got close to 100 geo-stubs (it's about 70 now, and is likely to be one of the next ones split off). Not so sure about the name, though - something like Egyptology-stub might be better. Grutness...  wha?  12:10, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Moving this to sfd for renaming. Grutness...  wha?  2 July 2005 02:07 (UTC)

Suri-stub (*created as Suriname-stub}
There are many Suriname-related stubs on Wikipedia, but none of them have been labelled as such. Some of them relate to the geography of Suriname (for instance the articles in the Districts of Suriname template), some relate to the politics of Surinam (e.g. BPRD, New Front and NDP), some relate to people from Suriname (e.g. Venetiaan, Wijdenbosch and Brunswijk). I hereby propose three stub categories (Suri-geo-stub, Suri-poli-stub and Suri-bio-stub), or one stub category Suri-stub covering all of these articles. Aecis 19:12, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Suriname- rather than Suri- would be preferrable. Assuming there are a sufficient number of articles to populate these, I don't seee there being any problem with them, as they fit in to the existing hierarchy quite nicely. --TheParanoidOne 19:58, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * In a short search I've found about 50 Suriname-related stubs, so filling the category shouldn't be much of a problem. And there are many Suriname-related topics that don't have an article yet, so they will likely be stubs for some time, before growing to decent-sized articles. Aecis 20:05, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Suriname-stub, yes. The others - not yet (the general rule is you create the stub template after you have the articles, not the other way round. There's nowhere near enough at the moment - there are currently only 12 Suriname geo stubs, for instance, which is far too few for a separate category. I'd advise double stubbing (Suriname-stub and bio/geo/whatever-stub) - in the case of geo it would be SouthAm-geo-stub, BTW. Grutness...  wha?  00:19, 27 Jun 2005 (UTC)

About two weeks have now gone by without any objections, so I have proceeded to create the Suriname-stub template. Aecis 8 July 2005 23:03 (UTC)

India-politician-stub *created*
The Politician stubs page is quite large, and there appear to be quite a few Indian politicians with stub articles (some are listed there, some under Indian people stubs). I'd estimate about half of Category:Indian politicians articles are stubs (some are not marked as such, most in are arbitrarily in one of the two aforementioned stub categories), along with a few in its subcategories. So that'd be around 70 articles in that'd go under india-politician-stub if it were created. Mairi 30 June 2005 00:15 (UTC)
 * This would probably be a reasonable one. The politicians category does need splitting, and this would reduce it considerably, I'd think. Grutness...  wha?  30 June 2005 01:49 (UTC)

crime-book-stub
After browsing through the book-stubs, I feel the dire need to have this one; after first count there are approximately around a 100 of them. Lectonar 30 June 2005 13:28 (UTC)

 * I have no objection to this split, but wonder if it might be better named mystery-book-stub after the traditional mystery genre? --Allen3 talk June 30, 2005 14:05 (UTC)
 * The crime-book-stub could include real-crime books, which wouldn't be covered by the mystery-stub Lectonar 30 June 2005 14:37 (UTC)
 * created today, with massive help from User:Grutness Lectonar 4 July 2005 13:47 (UTC)
 * Fuff. Fixing a link is not "massive help"! :) Grutness...  wha?  4 July 2005 13:51 (UTC)

orthodoxy-stub *created*
Analogous to the Roman Catholic, Lutheran, and Anglican stubs, a stub for Eastern Orthodox Christianity-related articles. There are a number of articles with reli-stub that would fit into this category: Apostolnik, Association for the unification of Islam and Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Cyril (Patriarch), Epanokamelavkion, Living Church, Malankara Jacobite Orthodox Church (before split), New Skete, and Prosphora. Additionally, there are several articles in the subcategory christianity-stub that would fit: Catholic-Orthodox joint declaration of 1965, Cappadocian Fathers, Cappadocian philosophers, Early Christianity, Eastern Christianity, Engolpion, Eparchy, Fraction (religion), Hypostatic Union, Lavra, Monothelitism, Old calendarists, Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric, Orthodox Study Bible, Peter Mogila, Philokalia, Proskynetarion, Sobor, and Standing Conference of Orthodox Bishops in America. JHCC (talk) 30 June 2005 16:56 (UTC)
 * Sounds fair - catholicism, protestantism, and orthodox christianity are probably the three biggest goups within Christianity. ooks like there are quite a few stubs, too. Grutness...  wha?  1 July 2005 05:25 (UTC)
 * Stub created, above articles restubbified. JHCC (talk) 6 July 2005 15:41 (UTC)

architect-stub *created*
While it's possible, I'm reluctant to sort architects together with engineers and inventors. --Joy [shallot]   1 July 2005 17:07 (UTC)
 * I agree that architect-stub would be useful, and have a fair number of articles that don't have a good place otherwise. --Mairi 6 July 2005 02:08 (UTC)
 * engineers and inventors? And I've been reluctant about grouping them in with artists! Looks like this one would be useful. Grutness...  wha?  8 July 2005 08:22 (UTC)

 * Heh. Done. --Joy [shallot]   8 July 2005 14:06 (UTC)

Indonesia-stub *created
Hi. I just established Indonesia-related_topics_notice_board to try to coordinate efforts to improve Indonesia pages. I'd like to create a general Indonesia stub, under "Place-related, by region - general" / "Asia" / "Indonesia", along the lines of the other stubs that are listed. This would go along with the Indonesia geo-stub, which is already in use.

There are a number of existing articles for which this would apply, most of whom are about people: a number of persons on List of Vice Presidents of Indonesia are listed under various stubs including "People" "Biographical" and "Politician" ; there's also stuff related to Indonesian elections/politics that got put in Category:Politics_stubs and. I'd like it if they could be put into one category, to get Indonesianists to take a peek at them. --Daniel July 1, 2005 19:27 (UTC)
 * Given that you say most of them are about people, would Indonesia-bio-stub actually be more useful? Or perhaps start with Indonesia-stub and if it gets too big then that would be a logical one to spin off. ("Indonesianist" - my new word for the day...) Grutness...  wha?  3 July 2005 10:08 (UTC)
 * To elaborate a little further, I've talked with some other folks on the Indonesia-related topics notice board. One of the things I hear a lot is that Sukarno and Suharto's entries are very lengthy, and that parts of them could be taken out and made into the basis for articles on historic events (and of course, they'll start out as stubs). Furthermore, some information from these articles on historical events could be summarized and put into what are now stubs under various categories. Having one broadly defined  would put all these articles under one roof where they can be sorted out. In the future, subcategories could be devised, but at the moment the main thing we're dealing with is getting those generally interested and knowledgeable in Indonesia to work in concert, rather than haphazardly.--Daniel July 4, 2005 06:19 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. A general Indonesia category does sound reasonable... do you think there are 50 or more stubs already existing that can take this template? If so I don't think there'd be too many objections. Grutness...  wha?  4 July 2005 12:25 (UTC)
 * By my last count there should be about 35 stubs related to Indonesian politicians, political parties, or major political groups. There are about 20 or so stubs that are for Indonesian celebrities and historic events.--Daniel July 4, 2005 21:58 (UTC)
 * Plenty of stubs, a WikiProject to support it... done! Grutness...  wha?  7 July 2005 09:00 (UTC)

chessplayer-stub (chess-bio-stub) *created*
Looks like we have a fair amount of chess players who have bio-stub+chess-stub, this would neatly merge these. --Joy [shallot]   2 July 2005 22:56 (UTC)
 * Support. Over 50% of entries in Category:Chess stubs are about chess players. Maybe it should be named chessplayer-stub, as many occupation-related stub templates are. Conscious 3 July 2005 09:15 (UTC)
 * Support, and agree that "chessplayer-stub" would be better - it would keep it in line with most sports biography stub types in general, which this could loosely be classified as. Grutness...  wha?  3 July 2005 10:05 (UTC)

Done. --Joy [shallot]   8 July 2005 13:11 (UTC)

euro-hist-stub (*R EuroHist-stub) *created*
It occurs to me that while Russia and the US have their own stub categories, there isn't one for just plain European History stubs, though those seem to make up a good number of the 700+ History stubs. I'm pretty much a noob at this stub template thing and have no idea where to even begin, so if someone could do this or tell me how, that would be swell. Maadio 5 July 2005 02:01 (UTC)
 * Well, we could start with "don't make the template until you've debated it here", "give the template a name according to the WP:WSS naming guidelines", and "create the category and name it properly...", but there is probably a call for having a separate European history stub category. It's not a high priority, and is a difficult one - it's far better to separate out the countries we can pare off easily, then see what's left. Note that there is debate further up this page about a possible German history stub, but it got bogged down in exactly what Germany is. Europe, though it seems easier, is not - things like the Ottoman Empire and Moorish Spain make this a difficult category to put an exact limitation on. As to the template itself, I've moved it to Euro-hist-stub and created the category (with a slightly different name to the one you had as a red-link). If no-one objects in the next few days, it'll be okay to use it, but please follow the guidelines next time! (On a related note, I see Category:Historical stubs is full of bio-stubs again! grrrr!) Grutness...  wha?  5 July 2005 11:29 (UTC)
 * Sorry if I screwed something up. I'm very new here and have gotten a bit gung-ho about the projects going on. Anyway I looked for a page on specific naming conventions regarding stub categories, but I must be quite daft or blind or something because I can't find it and I'm fairly certain there must be one. About the European history stub category -- is it possible to have subcategories of subcategories? It seems to me like all the european countries could more easily be sorted into european history as subcategories while articles relating to all of Europe, for instance those dealing with the Napoleonic Wars or something, could remain simply "european." Does that work at all or am I making stuff up? Again, I'm sorry for being a noob. Everybody has to be at some point. 6 July 2005 03:39 (UTC)
 * S'alright - sorry if I sounded grumpy before. The naming conventions are at WikiProject Stub sorting/Naming guidelines. You're right, the different country categories could be subcategories if Category: European history stubs, which is what will happen unless there are objections here in the next few days to the category existing. Grutness...  wha?  6 July 2005 05:31 (UTC)

Extended MEP-stub
Now on WP:SFD --TheParanoidOne 30 June 2005 20:11 (UTC)

Stateinsigniastub
Now on WP:SFD. --TheParanoidOne 6 July 2005 20:12 (UTC)

Tourism-stub
I fixed this one up a wee bit. It's moderately promising. --Joy [shallot]   8 July 2005 10:21 (UTC)

Comments

 * The MEP one's template wording is better than on the standard template, so perhaps it's more a merge than a redirect.. FWIW I'd vote
 * keep: tourism
 * redirect/merge: MEP
 * And would be undecided about the others Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]] 01:40, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

A few more
I used another method, searching for "Stub" in the Template: namespace (like this: ). Here goes:

hawaii-stub

 * Seems to be in use. Note that it is not a geo-category (those geo US-west-geo-stub). Grutness...  wha?  23:55, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

sect-num-stub
sect-num-stub had long existed as sectstub and was listed at the template list as such, and when I moved it I updated its listing over there. I didn't notice that it was missing elsewhere. Read the fine talk page :) --Joy [shallot]   22:43, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Stubberg, Pt. 3
Umm, yes there are quite a few new ones.

fo-stub
Now redirected to faroe-stub so that it does complement faroe-geo-stub. I still think that both should be "Faroes" rather than "Faroe", and the category name is a bit unfortunate (Faroe Islands stubs would have been far better than Category:Faroese stubs) - I may end up taking this to sfd for renaming. Note that there are now just 11 stubs with this template - the 20 included nine that should have had the geo-stub. Grutness...  wha?  9 July 2005 11:01 (UTC)

Comments
I also added Uncategorized stub, a harmless redirect to stub, to the stub types list. We need SfD. -- grm_wnr Esc  01:07, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * ...and fast! Whoof. Okay. here's mytake on a few of these:
 * fo-stub - "sits alongside faroe-geo-stub... yes it does, but not with that name! rename as Faroe-stub
 * Perhaps if we really flood TFD and CFD with templates, then sfd will go ahead! Grutness...  wha?  01:36, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

BDSM-stub
Not sure about this one. I can see the reason for the separate template and category (I had to create the category, BTW, since it wasn't there), sex-stub is only on about 200 articles. There are a considerable number of articles that could go in the BDSM stub category (at a cursory glance I'd say 30 or so, but I'm a bit embarrassed to list them here!), but the edge (if you'll pardon the term) is a bit vague - some articles like Fire play, Switch (sexuality), and Bizarre (fetish magazine) are somewhere between BDSM and general fetishism, so we'd want to know where to, um, draw the line. Other than that, I don't see any harm in this stub category. Grutness...  wha?  13:01, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC) (the things you end up writing about in Wikipedia...)

 * (this arrived at almost the same time...) This stub was added to WP:WSS/ST. It is used by only one article. It has a redlink category. (This should possibly be moved to the proposals section ...) --TheParanoidOne 13:03, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * (then this was posted at the bottom of the page)I just spotted that I didn't follow process in creating Template:BDSM-stub; I just thought that I might make a case for it -- if you look at the sex-stub articles, a great many of them (30% or more?) appear to be on specfically BDSM topics, which I thought was enough to create a new stub category. In my opinion, BDSM is probably specialized enough to have a stub category of its own, as a subcategory of the overall sex category. Please remove it if you disagree. -- Karada 13:09, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I've just gone through all the sex-stubs and populated this one. Not quite 50, but a reasonable number all the same. (I also learnt a lot I didn't know and quite a bit I didn't want to while doing this! Some of those philias and fetishes...!) Grutness...  wha?  06:31, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The question is, where is the line drawn? Do we need a stub catogory for every single fetish, and if we don't, is that discrimination? I think just one sex-related stub group would be fine. Coolgamer June 29, 2005 21:39 (UTC)
 * I know what you mean. But BDSM is a major fetish, and accounted for a quarter of the sex stubs. One option (but only if the sex-stub category gets too big) would be simply to have one stub category for fetishes and philias, and make Category:BDSM stubs a subcategory of it. Grutness...  wha?  5 July 2005 01:14 (UTC)
 * I think BDSM-stub is a good idea. BDSM is one of the most popular, most widely known, and most diverse sexual fetishes. It applies very well to the articles BoundCon and Shibaricon, at least. However, we definitely do not need individual stub templates for every sexual fetish out there. Some of them are so bizarre you have to have the fetish yourself to have heard of it.   — J I P | Talk 7 July 2005 11:07 (UTC)
 * (note that I wasn't suggesting one category for each fetish, just one overall category for all of them.) Grutness...  wha?  7 July 2005 13:31 (UTC)

Mexico-bcast-stub

 * Created 16 June with Category:Mexico broadcasting stubs by an anonymous user (IP address only).
 * Wasn't previously discussed here.
 * Currently has 24 articles in it; unlikely (in my opionion) to reach 100.
 * I recommend posting for deletion otherwise we'll see every monkey and his uncle making a bcast-stub for their nation (or state or city) .. but maybe that's just to be understood and accpeted.

Courtland 19:00, 2005 Jun 19 (UTC)

 * Content has increased to 34 articles, so there is some use and it might reach 100 over time (certainly not right away). I won't nominate for deletion but leave it alone. Courtland 00:09, 2005 Jun 26 (UTC)

Template:AU-depot-stub
User:Tabletop must have seen the debate at the top of this page about railway stations, and decided to create AU-depot-stub. And, granted, there are over 300 stubs, so it was a needed category. What wasn't needed was the name, which goes against our usual naming system (in fact AU-bio-stub was deleted recently). I've redirected the template to Australia-depot-stub, but the original name may be one for at least hiding for now, and possibly eventually removing. Grutness...  wha?  13:10, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Category-stub
Added to WP:WSS/ST today. No associated category. According to the "What links here" link, it is only used by Category:Portable Audio Player Manufacturers.

What exactly does it mean for a category to be a stub? Strange. --TheParanoidOne 19:58, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Incredably sorry. It's for expansion of a category. Categories need help too. I thought we need a category assistance stub, how else do you mark a category unfinished, or that requires help? --x1987x 21:21, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

There are several options shown at Template_messages/Maintenance: popcat, cleancat, and overpopulated category (that last which we should probably use in some instaces here). Courtland 22:24, 2005 Jun 20 (UTC)

 * By definition, stubs are articles. popcat is the template normally used to expand categories - it also has the advantage that it adds the category to Category: Underpopulated categories, so that editors know there's work that needs doing. Similarly, lists use listdev rather than a type of stub message. Grutness...  wha?  06:41, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Never knew they existed thanks--x1987x 15:22, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)

Now on WP:SFD. --TheParanoidOne 6 July 2005 20:12 (UTC)

Business-stub
Created today and uses Category:Stubs instead of a seperate category. Looks like a cross between Econ-stub and Corp-stub. --Allen3 talk June 28, 2005 14:30 (UTC)
 * Looks like an excellent candidate for WP:SFD. I'll nominate it. In the meantime, no articles use it (there was one, but I changed it to . Russ Blau (talk) June 28, 2005 20:07 (UTC)

Deleted by WP:SFD. --TheParanoidOne 6 July 2005 20:12 (UTC)

This has been recreated today (by an anon user) as a redirect to biz-stub which uses Category:Business stubs. Speedy delete candidate? --TheParanoidOne 23:48, 9 July 2005 (UTC)

Tibet-stub / Tibet-related stubs
Created and added to WP:WSS/ST today by User:Hottentot. Used on 3 articles. --TheParanoidOne 29 June 2005 21:33 (UTC)
 *  Hottentot: Please stop changing the contents of my initial comment. --TheParanoidOne 1 July 2005 21:29 (UTC)
 * Ok, sorry. Update: Tibet-stub used currently on 50 articles.

 * This one has the potential to be politically problematical. I'd be wary of it from that perspective. Grutness...  wha?  30 June 2005 01:30 (UTC)
 * Politically problematical??? What are you talking about? --Hottentot
 * What do you think I'm talking about? If we can't get a consensus from wikipedians about the use of the terms Hong Kong, Taiwan, and "Mainland China" (sic), what do you think that Tibet is going to do to the mix? Grutness...  wha?  30 June 2005 06:34 (UTC)
 * I still don't get what you're saying. The stub isn't saying anything that would offend people. Tibet was once an independent country, and there are about 6 million Tibetans in the world today. The creation of the stub is not to show anyone's dislike for the PRC, it is for people that are interested in Tibet, Tibetan culture, Tibetan people, etc. to expand articles relating to their interest. That's what the whole stub-sorting project was for, right? --Hottentot
 * Since there is no objection, can we list it now on WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types please?? --Hottentot
 * It has now been listed on WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types --Hottentot

Mariah Carey Related Articles Stubs
Category:Mariah Carey Related Articles Stubs, which contains about 20 articles, does not presently have a stub template, but I felt that I should note the category's existence in case one materializes. NatusRoma 30 June 2005 03:32 (UTC)
 * This has to be just about the single worst stub category I have ever seen. All of the stubs within it belong in music-bio categories - several of them belong on VfD, and few of them are more than peripherally connected with Mariah Carey - who does NOT require a separate stub category! Who's going to be the first to send it to sfd? Grutness...  wha?  30 June 2005 06:27 (UTC)
 * You're going to be the first to send it to sfd. ;) The Storm Surfer 1 July 2005 04:28 (UTC)
 * Heh. Yeah. Well, no-one else did... Grutness...  wha?

Oklahoma-geo-stub
I was busy tallying US-south-geo-stubs when I noticed that the number of Oklahoma stubs had dropped from 35 to two. Investigating further I discovered that Oklahoma-geo-stub had been created by an anon, complete with category. I've formatted it to be the same as the other state-geo-stub categories,... it's fairly small (43 stubs), but may well grow. Grutness...  wha?  6 July 2005 07:07 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Prudery

prudery is NOT modesty

[French, short for prude femme, virtuous woman : Old French prude, feminine of prud, virtuous; see proud + French femme, woman (from Latin fmina. See feminine).] Word History: Being called a prude is rarely considered a compliment, but if we dig into the history of the word prude, we find that it has a noble past. The change for the worse took place in French. French prude first had a good sense, “wise woman,” but apparently a woman could be too wise or, in the eyes of some, too observant of decorum and propriety. Thus prude took on the sense in French that was brought into English along with the word, first recorded in 1704. The French word prude was a shortened form of prude femme (earlier in Old French prode femme), a word modeled on earlier preudomme, “a man of experience and integrity.” The second part of this word is, of course, homme, “man.” Old French prod, meaning “wise, prudent,” is from Vulgar Latin prdis with the same sense. Prdis in turn comes from Late Latin prde, “advantageous,” derived from the verb prdesse, “to be good.” Despite this history filled with usefulness, profit, wisdom, and integrity, prude has become a term of reproach.

title: Talk:Prudery


text:
KUPX-TV

KUPX-TV (channel 16), branded Utah 16, is an independent television station licensed to Provo, Utah, United States, serving Salt Lake City and the state of Utah. It is owned by the E. W. Scripps Company alongside Fox affiliate KSTU (channel 13). KUPX-TV's offices are located on Lawndale Drive in the southern section of Salt Lake City, and its transmitter is located on Farnsworth Peak in the Oquirrh Mountains, southwest of Salt Lake City.

Though a construction permit was issued for channel 16 in 1985, the station was not completed for another 13 years. In that time, it was sold twice. While channel 16 was originally intended to be an affiliate of The WB, a 1998 swap with Paxson Communications Corporation saw Paxson trade channel 30 for channel 16; as a result, KUWB instead launched on channel 30 in April 1998, while channel 16 signed on to air infomercials and later the Pax/Ion network. Scripps acquired Ion Media in 2020; it moved Ion Television to a subchannel in 2023 and converted the main channel to an independent station which aired Vegas Golden Knights and Arizona Coyotes hockey games in Utah. Beginning in 2024–25, it will be the broadcast home of the Utah Hockey Club.

Construction phase
In 1984, three companies applied to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for a construction permit to build channel 16 in Provo: Morro Rock Resources, San Joseph Broadcasting, and Skagit Valley Publishing Company. The parties avoided an FCC comparative hearing and instead settled: Skagit Valley was reimbursed for its expenses and withdrew, while San Joseph Broadcasting owner Jackson Dell Weaver and Morro Rock joined to form permittee Royal Television of Utah, with the latter owning 90 percent. Ross Boyd, the president of Morro Rock, expressed a belief that Utah needed an additional independent station.

Royal Television had considerable difficulty in constructing the station, as evidenced by several applications to change transmitter location and several construction permit extensions, and even replacements of expired construction permits. Dell Weaver departed the venture in 1987 to become general manager of radio station KJR in Seattle. In 1988, the station's call sign was deleted, only to be restored four months later. In July 1990, Royal Television applied to replace the construction permit that was to expire the following month. The application was not granted until February 1996, more than five years later. In October 1995, Roberts Broadcasting agreed to buy the station from Royal Television for $200,000.

In August 1997, ACME Communications agreed to acquire a 49 percent stake in KZAR-TV, with an agreement to purchase the other 51 percent once the television station was on the air; the deal closed in February 1998. Jamie Kellner, CEO and co-founder of ACME, was also co-founder and then-CEO of The WB. Roberts announced its plans for KZAR-TV at that time. The station would be a WB affiliate. The existing WB affiliate in the market, KOOG-TV (channel 30), had been purchased by Paxson Communications Corporation, which intended to launch its own television network, Pax Net; when KOOG-TV changed its call letters to KUPX in advance of Pax Net's launch, the company indicated it would terminate its WB agreement as soon as legally possible. ACME's involvement in the station secured the continued existence of a WB affiliate in the Utah market.

Roberts began seeking studio space in the Provo area and proposed to air Utah County-oriented local news programming; it intended to broadcast channel 16 from Lake Mountain, causing some concern among other communications users about potential interference from the new high-power station. In February 1998, Roberts Broadcasting announced that the station would be on air by May, that its call letters would change to a designation including the letters "WB", and that the planned newscast would debut shortly after. The station also secured the rights to air Saturday Night Live in the Salt Lake City market; the show had been unseen in Utah since 1995 when KSL-TV, the new NBC affiliate, decided not to air it.

Swap with Paxson Communications; Pax and Ion programming
On April 20, 1998, Paxson entered into an agreement with Roberts Broadcasting and ACME Communications where each group would acquire the other's assets, but WB programming would remain on channel 30. To expedite the process, the parties immediately entered into local marketing agreements, whereby the stations would swap call signs and would begin to operate each other's stations until the FCC could approve the assignments of license. On the evening of April 20, channel 30 became KUWB from the existing channel 30 facility on Farnsworth Peak, while channel 16 signed on from Lake Mountain as KUPX with Paxson's programming. Neither station would have studios in Utah County; channel 30 went on air from facilities in Murray, while Paxson also sought Salt Lake–area office space. Paxson continued to air its existing infomercial programming on channel 16 until Pax Net, renamed Pax, began broadcasting on August 31, 1998. The FCC approved the swap of the licenses in March 1999, and the deal closed in the third quarter of the year.

On May 10, 2002, KUPX began broadcasting a digital signal from the more centrally located Little Farnsworth Peak. The analog transmitter on Lake Mountain remained in service until the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television concluded for full-power stations on June 12, 2009; the digital signal remained on channel 29, using virtual channel 16.

After changing its name to i: Independent Television in 2005, the network became known as Ion Television in 2007. Ion Television and its parent company, Ion Media, were acquired by the E. W. Scripps Company in 2020. While Scripps divested some stations to comply with FCC local and national ownership regulations, Scripps chose to keep KUPX-TV, making it a sister station to Fox affiliate KSTU (channel 13). The sale was completed on January 7, 2021.

Utah 16
On September 1, 2023, Ion programming moved to subchannel 16.4, and channel 16.1 began airing a full slate of its own programming under the name Utah 16. The station was the Utah-market outlet for the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League (NHL), for which Scripps owns the rights to telecast all non-national games. The station also aired select Arizona Coyotes games, to which Scripps also owned the rights, with other games for that team airing on KSTU's second subchannel.

On April 18, 2024, the NHL Board of Governors announced the establishment of a Utah-based franchise in Salt Lake City, with the hockey assets of the deactivated Coyotes. Later on the same day, KUPX-TV was announced as the new team's TV outlet for all games.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

Translators
KUPX-TV is rebroadcast on many translators throughout Utah.
 * Castle Dale: K28PR-D
 * Clear Creek: K29IW-D
 * Delta, etc.: K33KW-D
 * Duchesne: K28PH-D
 * East Carbon County: K19MF-D
 * East Price: K26OI-D
 * Ferron: K28KQ-D
 * Fillmore, etc.: K35NX-D
 * Fountain Green: K33OU-D
 * Fremont: K31LA-D
 * Garrison, etc.: K13AAM-D
 * Green River: K23JV-D, K28PN-D
 * Helper: K25PM-D
 * Huntington: K28KR-D
 * Juab: K18GX-D
 * Kanarraville, etc.: K33KF-D
 * Leamington: K12QY-D
 * Manti–Ephraim: K30KJ-D
 * Mount Pleasant: K18IV-D
 * Nephi: K26PK-D
 * Orangeville: K23OH-D
 * Parowan–Enoch–Paragonah: K26OA-D
 * Richfield, etc.: K23NU-D
 * Roosevelt: K25PH-D
 * Rural Beaver County: K21KL-D
 * Salina–Redmond: K04RV-D
 * Scipio: K23OD-D
 * Spring Glen: K33KI-D
 * Teasdale: K22MV-D
 * Utahn: K15LW-D
 * Cortez, CO: K16CT-D
 * Malad City, ID: K26OY-D

title: KUPX-TV


text:
Phaedra's Love

Phaedra's Love is a play by British playwright Sarah Kane. It was first performed in 1996 at London's Gate Theatre, directed by the author. The play is a modern adaptation of Seneca's Phaedra. The play explores the brutal nature of love, social relations, nihilism and belief through the example of an affair between a queen and her stepson.

It centres more on Hippolytus (the original focuses more on Phaedra), who is rendered lazy and cynical by his upbringing as the son of King Theseus. Unlike classical drama, most of the violent action happens on stage rather than off.

Kane described Phaedra's Love as "My comedy".

Plot
The play opens with Hippolytus cleaning semen and snot with socks that are lying about his room. He is described as 'fat' and his room is in disarray. Shortly thereafter Phaedra, his step-mother, is talking to a doctor about Hippolytus's wellbeing. The doctor deduces Phaedra's romantic affection for her step-son and warns her against consummating her affection. She confides in her daughter, Strophe, who likewise warns Phaedra against pursuing an affair with Hippolytus. Phaedra approaches Hippolytus, regardless of the warnings she has heard. Hippolytus openly speaks about his multiple sexual partners and reinforces how he doesn't care for any of them and won't care for Phaedra. Phaedra confesses her love for him, but he spurns her, telling her she will only be hurt. She then proceeds to perform fellatio on him. He is initially unresponsive, but when he reaches his climax he asserts himself in the act. During the interaction Hippolytus informs Phaedra that he has had sex with his step-sister, Strophe, and that Strophe, Phaedra's biological daughter, has also had sex with Theseus, Phaedra's husband and Hippolytus's father. It is later revealed that Strophe had sex with Theseus on the night Theseus and Phaedra were married. Afterwards, Phaedra kills herself, leaving behind a note that states Hippolytus has raped her. Strophe confronts Hippolytus about the accusation, but he refuses to deny or confirm the allegation, though the subtext implies that he did not. Whilst in prison, Hippolytus speaks with a priest who eventually performs fellatio on Hippolytus. In the final sequence Theseus has returned home and disguises himself in a crowd. Strophe, unbeknownst to Theseus, has done the same. She publicly defends Hippolytus and Theseus responds by raping and killing her. The enraged mob rips Hippolytus limb from limb, and his father disembowels him. Afterwards, when Theseus sees the corpses, he realizes that it was Strophe who he had just raped and killed and expresses regret before cutting his own throat. The play ends as a vulture flies down to consume the corpse of Hippolytus.

title: Phaedra's Love


text:
Round Hill (Dartmouth, Massachusetts)

Round Hill, originally called Hap's Hill, is a location in Dartmouth, Massachusetts of historical significance, which eventually became a gated community.

Original description
The first historical description of the hill was by Gabriel Archer, who kept a record of the 1602 expedition of Bartholomew Gosnold from Falmouth, Cornwall to what was then known as Northern Virginia. On May 25, 1602 (o.s.), the vessel Concord having first entering Buzzards Bay (which the crew called Gosnolls Hope) from Vineyard Sound, they determined to make the west side of on an islet within Cuttyhunk Island their settlement.

From that island Archer saw the a hill on the mainland which he called "Hap's Hill," "for that I hope much hap may be expected from it." On May 31, Captain Gosnold sailed to the mainland, anchored and came ashore. There he was welcomed by native men, women and children "who with all courteous kindnesse entertayned him …," presenting him with furs (thought valuable by Archer), tobacco, turtles, hemp, chains and other ornaments. The landing party explored the coast finding it to be, in the words of Archer, "the goodliest continent that ever we saw, promising more by farre than we any way did expect … ."

Exploring the coast they discovered Hap's Island between two inlets. On the basis of the description, Hurd determined that what Archer called Hap's Hill was later referred to as Round Hill.

Ned Green and M.I.T.
Edward Howland Robinson Green, known as "Colonel" Ned Green, the only son of the renowned female tycoon and miser, Hetty Green, built his home on Round Hill after his mother's death in 1916 left him and his sister with a fortune of between $100 and $200 million. The mansion was designed by architect Alfred C. Bossom and completed in 1921 at a cost of $1.5 million.

In 1948, twelve years after the Colonel's death, his sister Sylvia Green, his heir, donated the entire property to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), which used the 240 acre estate for educational and military purposes until 1964. MIT erected a giant antenna atop a 50,000-gallon water tank on the site. Another was erected nearby for research towards the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System. The giant dish antenna stood as a local and marine navigational landmark until the current owners of the site, the Bevelaqua family, demolished it in 2007.

In 1964 MIT sold the estate to the Society of Jesus of New England. It adapted the mansion as a religious retreat center. Its upper floors were converted into 64 individual rooms, and its main floor reworked to include a chapel, conference rooms, and library. In 1968 the Jesuits sold much of the estate's beach to the Town of Dartmouth. In 1970 it sold the entire property to Gratia R. Montgomery, a local woman. In 1981 she sold most of the site to private developers. They developed it as a private, gated condominium community.

Radio research and WMAF

Col. Green had an early fascination with radio technology, dating back to the 1890s, and in June 1922, the Round Hills Radio Corporation was incorporated under a Massachusetts charter, with Colonel Green the company president. To support the radio operations, a building containing a broadcast studio plus laboratory rooms was constructed adjacent to the estate's main building. In September 1922, the Round Hills Radio Corporation received licenses for a broadcasting station, WMAF, in addition to one for experimental work, with the call sign 1XV. The broadcasting station, which was operated only during the summer months of 1923–1928, adopted the slogan The Voice from Way Down East.

MIT's President, Samuel W. Stratton and the Department of Electrical Engineering's new Communications Division were invited to experiment with the new technology, and the department was initially financed by Green. Professor Edward L. Bowles set out to determine the signal strength and radiation patterns of different antenna arrays in 1926. Round Hill's radio station (which included an early radio telescope, built atop a water tower designed to look like the foundation of a lighthouse) followed Donald B. MacMillan's and Admiral Richard E. Byrd's polar expeditions, tracked the Graf Zeppelin dirigible during its maiden transatlantic flight, and was the sole communication link for areas devastated by the Vermont floods in 1927.

Van de Graaff
In 1933, Round Hill was the site of Robert J. Van de Graaff's electrical experiments. Van de Graaff had been brought to MIT from Princeton in 1931 to develop a high voltage research facility. He built a 40 ft tall Van de Graaff generator in an abandoned airship hangar on Round Hill. The purpose was to provide the energy to accelerate subatomic particles to bombard atomic nuclei. The machine became operational in December 1933. It was capable of operating at 5,000,000 volts. After it became obsolete, the generator was donated in 1956 to the Museum of Science, Boston, and circa 2011 the generator continues to function as a major exhibit.

Charles W. Morgan
The New Bedford whaling ship Charles W. Morgan, now on display at Mystic Seaport, was once owned in part by Colonel Green, and moored at Round Hill.

World War II
During World War II, the Coast Artillery built a fire control structure on the site. This site was known as the Mishaum Point Military Reservation.

Recent developments
In 2007 the property was sold for around $8.5 million. The town's Historical Commission tried and failed to save the antenna. On November 19, 2007, the antenna was demolished by the new owner, who planned to build a new home on the site. The tower had stood for 90 years, and had been a navigational landmark.

General

 * The Center for Land Use Interpretation's page about the Round Hill Lab Site
 * A citation of "84 cubic feet" of records that mention "Round Hill, an estate left to the Institute by E. H. R. Green as a home for research in aeronautics and microwave technology"
 * About Round Hill Community
 * MIT History Museum, photos of work done at Round Hill
 * MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics, a prior occupant of Round hill
 * PALATIAL HOME FOR COLONEL E.H.R. GREEN SON OF HETTY GREEN "...probably be one of the finest and most imposing country dwellings in the East."
 * The Voice From Way Down East - 1923 WMAF promotion brochure

Robert J. Van de Graaff

 * "The Van de Graaff Generator, 1933", Exhibits: Institute Archives & Special Collections: MIT
 * "Robert J. Van de Graaff's High-Voltage Generator"

Later use

 * Brief mention of Round Hill's use by NASA in 1960 in "Aeronautics and Astronautics Chronology, 1960", January 27, 2005, National Aeronautics and Space Administration

title: Round Hill (Dartmouth, Massachusetts)


text:
File:SDE cover.jpg

Summary
Description: The cover of Camron's album S.D.E..

Source: https://www.amazon.com/S-D-E-Camron/dp/B00004YC05

Fair use rationale for S.D.E. (album)

 * 1) No free equivalent is available.
 * 2) The cover is intended for wide distribution and its use here does not detract from the album.
 * 3) The cover is low resolution and only the front portion is used.
 * 4) The cover has been previously published by retail outlets.
 * 5) The cover meets general Wikipedia content requirements.
 * 6) The cover meets Wikipedia's image use policy.
 * 7) The cover is used only in the said article.
 * 8) For an article about an album, the cover is one of the most relevant images that can be included.
 * 9) The cover is used in the article namespace.
 * 10) The source and copyright tag is identified for the cover.

Licensing
© Epic Records

title: File:SDE cover.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/M.R.M. Parrott

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 11:42, July 23, 2005 (UTC)

M.R.M. Parrott
Appears to be reproduce article, but some time has passed. Aaron Brenneman 06:57, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Please see discussion which refers to another VfD. Has he become notable enough since then?
 * Please vote based only upon his notability, not his likability.
 * And, uncharacteristically enough - Abstain.
 * Delete (Parott, if you read this, have you considered moving the information to your user page?) Djadek 09:14, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable vanity. JamesBurns 09:26, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep JamesBurns, someday I'd like to know your specific threshold for non-notable. That aside, MRM is notable at least in terms of one of his books. -Harmil 11:58, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * My threshhold is the same for most users that appear not to agree with your stand on this ie. Djadek and Dcarrano so far. JamesBurns 06:11, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't believe he is... Djadek 15:32, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Not everyone who fancies themselves an author and/or gets a book published should be on WP. This fella appears to have only one book on Amazon, and it's ranked #2,279,737.  Seems like a smart dude, but, delete, unless there's some proof that anyone is really buying these books.  Dcarrano 20:50, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Cesar Virata

Cesar Enrique Aguinaldo Virata (born December 12, 1930) is a Filipino former statesman and businessman who was the fourth Prime Minister of the Philippines from 1981 to 1986. He is currently the corporate vice chairman of the Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation. He is the eponym of the Cesar Virata School of Business, the business school of the University of the Philippines Diliman.

Education
While he was studying at Wharton School, Virata studied about American labor, steel industry, automotive industry, and many others which was not discussed when he was a student of the University of the Philippines. He also took money and banking as well as cost accounting and advanced money and banking courses, while doing so. In line with that, he realized that around a third of the things he was learning at Wharton were in reality, not applicable to the Philippine setting, specifically the automotive industry.

Finance minister
He served as Finance Minister from 1970 to 1986 under President Ferdinand Marcos.

Prime Minister of the Philippines
Virata served as Prime Minister of the Philippines from 1981 to 1986 under the Interim Batasang Pambansa and the Regular Batasang Pambansa, concurrently with his position as Finance Minister. He also headed the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), the country's highest economic planning body, while also serving as the Prime Minister. Virata was the third to occupy the position and was succeeded by economist Vicente Valdepeñas, Jr.

After the 1986 EDSA Revolution
He was replaced as Prime Minister in the aftermath of the 1986 People Power Revolution by Salvador Laurel. Laurel succeeded Virata as Prime Minister on February 25, 1986, through the appointment of Corazon Aquino, but the position was abolished a month later by Proclamation No. 3 (the 'Freedom Constitution'). The office was confirmed as superseded by the 1987 Constitution, which again fused the offices of the head of state and the head of government in the President.

Academe
Prior to assuming leadership positions in the government service during the Marcos administration, Virata used to teach at the business school of the University of the Philippines Diliman. He served as dean of the College of Business Administration, which was named after him on April 12, 2013, by the University of the Philippines Board of Regents (BOR) as the Cesar E.A. Virata School of Business. Several interest groups, including U.P. Kilos Na, have protested this renaming of the business school, and the BOR decided to restudy its decision during its board meeting held last July 29, 2013. Some members in certain interest groups, including U.P. Kilos Na, the UP Diliman University Council, undergraduates of the UP College of Business, and in the BOR itself then objected to renaming the business school after Virata. The matter was discussed at length in a series of meetings which resulted in the BOR re-affirming its decision to rename the college after Virata.

Family and personal life
Virata is married to Phylita Joy Gamboa, a popular stage actress, and has three children: Steven Cesar, a businessman; Gillian Joyce, an educator; and Michael Dean, a doctor specializing in infectious diseases. The grandnephew of the first President, Emilio Aguinaldo, Virata holds an MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Virata is also an accomplished tennis player. His uncle, Leonides Sarao Virata, also served during under Marcos as Secretary of Trade and Industry and chairman of the Development Bank of the Philippines. As with most of his family, Virata is a member of the Philippine Independent Church.

Biographies
Virata's life and his impact on Philippine economic history have been the subject of various books. The most of extensive biography to cover Virata as its main subject is Gerardo Sicat's 2014 biography, "Cesar Virata: Life and Times Through Four Decades of Philippine Economic History." He is also one of the main subjects of Teresa S. Encarnacion Tadem's 2019 Ateneo Press book "Philippine Politics and the Marcos Technocrats: The Emergence and Evolution of a Power Elite."

Honors

 * JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 1Class BAR.svg Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (2016)
 * Most Distinguished Brother, Pan Xenia International Professional Foreign Trade Fraternity

title: Cesar Virata