text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ghazala Gardens hotel

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus. The votes are: 7 to keep, 7 to redirect, 1 to delete or redirect, 3 to delete (including the nominator) -- BD2412 talk 02:49, August 5, 2005 (UTC)

Ghazala Gardens hotel
Unless they have played a significant role in human affairs, hotels are not inherently notable. Denni ☯ 02:37, 2005 July 23 (UTC)

 * Keep this hotel was a target of a major terrorist attack recently . --malathion talk 02:47, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Sasquatch′↔T↔C 02:49, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * After reading the below, I think would like to think a redirect makes more sense now. Sasquatch′↔T↔C 20:41, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Redirect, unless a significant amount of information about the hotel itself appears in the article before this VfD expires. Yes, it was the target of a terrorist attack, but so far, every notable piece of information about the hotel is already covered in that article. (Changed vote as per Ливай. 08:11, July 23, 2005 (UTC)) — HorsePunchKid → 龜 02:52, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. --Tony Hecht 03:32, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I now think a redirect makes more sense. If at some future date something about the hotel earns it, it can get it's own entry.  --Tony Hecht 22:00, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete The hotel itself is not notable, only the events that took place. This should be covered under the article specific to the event as per HorsePunchKid.Hamster Sandwich 03:45, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to July 23, 2005, Sharm el-Sheikh attacks. Later on, if somebody can write something encyclopedic about it not pertaining to those attacks, they can replace the redirect with something else, but for now there's nothing here that would not fit in better at July 23, 2005, Sharm el-Sheikh attacks with its proper context. — Ливай | Ⓣ 04:28, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn hotel. JamesBurns 05:07, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect per Livajo's recommendation.--DNicholls 07:21, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect as stated above. -- BMIComp (talk, HOWS MY DRIVING) 07:52, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or Redirect. GhePeU 08:59, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand Seems a major establishment. Possibly notable. We've had worse beginning stubs before. Circeus 11:21, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. The TWA Flight 800 and United Flight 93 articles started out as little more than stubs when they were first drafted.  WP will add to it as more news develops from the recent attacks.  LokiCT 12:22, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. per malathion--Edcolins 12:29, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect, as above. -R. fiend 15:45, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep The hotel may have future history which will not be covered in the terrorism article. Calsicol 16:56, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Anything, could have a future history. -R. fiend 18:30, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep This is jest a stub this page mite get beter My Cat inn 19:47, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and Expand. Wikipedia covers a number of hotels and this one seems more important than most. Sarge Baldy 03:37, July 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Missouri Route 142

Route 142 is a highway in southern Missouri. Its eastern terminus is at Route 53 in southern Poplar Bluff; its western terminus is at Route 101 in Bakersfield. Route 142 is the southernmost east–west highway in the south-central part of the state. Despite its length, there are relatively few towns on the route.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Missouri Route 142


text:
Talk:Equatorial Africa

[Untitled]
Equatorial Africa has some established historical meanings like French Equatorial Africa that are much more restricted than all of Black Africa.

Also, it is not obvious to someone seeing the term that it is supposed to include Southern Africa.--JWB 02:38, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

african wildlife in equatorial region
I want ti know about the animal their features etc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.93.221.222 (talk) 12:21, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Equatorial Africa


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Moevenpick Hotel

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP: 9k, 2d. -Splash 03:07, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Moevenpick Hotel
Unless they have played a significant role in human affairs, hotels are not inherently notable. Denni ☯ 02:39, 2005 July 23 (UTC)

 * Keep "Movenpick Hotel" gets 641,000 google hits and it seems one of these hotels may have beet a target in the same terrorist bombing (?) --malathion talk 02:50, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. We don't normally keep track of individual airplanes, but a plane like TWA FLIGHT 800, or United Airlines flight 93 achieved significance because of what occurred to and within them.  Like it or not, the Movenpick Hotel in Egypt has become a newsworthy place.  LokiCT 02:56, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete The hotel has no notability in itself. The notability comes from the events that happened there, and therefore should be directed to the article specific to the event. Hamster Sandwich 03:47, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to July 23, 2005, Sharm el-Sheikh attacks. Later on, if somebody can write something encyclopedic about it not pertaining to those attacks, they can replace the redirect with something else, but for now there's nothing here that would not fit in better at July 23, 2005, Sharm el-Sheikh attacks with its proper context. — Ливай | Ⓣ 04:32, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep after rewrite. — Ливай | Ⓣ 02:34, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn hotel. JamesBurns 05:07, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. —RaD Man (talk) 06:50, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect as above. Keep per rewrite.--DNicholls 07:24, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, agree with LokiCT james gibbon  10:35, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Now an article about a company which based on the info given must have a turnover of several hundred million U.S. dollars, perhaps over a billion. Calsicol 16:58, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep rewritten article on chain. Capitalistroadster 18:02, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep now after rewrite. Notable company. Pavel Vozenilek 22:47, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

The chain currently operates 82 hotels in 24 countries. Mövenpick also operates 8 luxury cruise ships on the Nile and Lake Nasser.[1]
 * Keep "Movenpick Hotel" is sexy Ammar 18:34, 12 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Keep Hotels do have an impact on people's lives--plenty of us work for this chain: 13,000 people across the world, to be exact. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Hotelie09 (talk • contribs) 17:38, 16 June 2008 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Missouri Route 101

Route 101 is a short highway in southern Missouri. The route starts at Arkansas Highway 101 at the Arkansas–Missouri state line, and travels northeastward. It travels through the city of Bakersfield, intersecting Route 142. The road then continues north to its northern terminus at U.S. Route 160 (US 160) in Caulfield. The route was designated in 1941, after a supplementary route was renumbered.

Route description
The route is located in Ozark and Howell counties. In 2015, Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) calculated as many as 1,566 vehicles traveling on Route 101 south of US 160, and as few as 1258 vehicles traveling north of the Arkansas–Missouri state line. This is expressed in terms of annual average daily traffic (AADT), a measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year.

Route 101 starts at the Missouri–Arkansas state line, at the northern terminus of Arkansas Route 101 and County Road 583 (CRD 583). The road travels through a forest and parallel to the state line for the first 0.5 mi. At CRD 588, the route turns northeastward, intersecting a few driveways until it reaches CRD 586, where it turns northward past the intersection. Route 101 travels eastward before it intersects CRD 584, and enters the corporate limits of Bakersfield at CRD 585. The route briefly travels north and intersects Route O, which leads to the unincorporated area of Udall. The road enters the center of the city at Main Street and curves northward at the western terminus of Route 142. Route 101 leaves the city north of Starks. The road enters through a mix of farmland and forests as it continued through southeast Ozark County. At CRD 101-174, the route begins to turn northeastward and later intersects CRD 597. Route 101 crosses the county line at CRD 7890, and enters Howell County. Once inside the county, the route turns north at Route YY and intersects CRD 7690. The road turns to the northeast in the community of Caulfield, and ends at US 160 in a T-intersection.

History
The designation was first used for another route in Wayne County in 1937, for a gravel road that connected from Route 34 to Sam A. Baker State Park. The route was renumbered to Route 143 by 1941.

For the current designation, Route M was designated to a gravel road in 1932 that started from the state line to Route 80, passing through Bakersfield. It was renumbered to Route 101 in 1941, part of many changes made by the Missouri State Highway Commission. All of the route was paved by 1953. Around 1954, Route 101 was realigned west of Bakersfield, shifting the southern terminus to the west. US 160 replaced the Route 80 designation in the same year.

title: Missouri Route 101


text: User talk:203.55.237.27

title: User talk:203.55.237.27


text:
Goapele

Goapele Mohlabane (born July 11, 1977) is an American soul and R&B singer-songwriter. Her name means to move forward in Setswana, a Southern African language.

Early life
Goapele's South African father Douglas Mohlabane was an exiled political activist who struggled against the Apartheid System. Goapele's New York-born Israeli Jewish mother Noa had been attending protests since the age of 12. Noa attended Friends World College and was studying in Nairobi, Kenya, where she met and married Douglas. Goapele and her older brother DJ Namane Mohlabane were raised in a South African exile community in California.

Both of her parents inspired Goapele to become very involved in community affairs at a young age. She attended the Berkeley Arts Magnet School, where she led a pre-teen peer-support group. She also became involved in various groups and organizations that combated racism and sexism.

Goapele and Theo Rodrigues have a daughter together, Bahia Osun (born May 2007).

Even Closer
Goapele returned to Oakland after her time at Berklee College of Music, where she concentrated on writing and recording songs. In 2001, she self-released her debut album, Closer, which sold 5,000 copies. At the same time, she was building a devoted audience through her popular live performances in the San Francisco Bay Area. "Closer" peaked at No. 63 on Billboard's Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.

In 2002, she reworked Closer, adding five new songs. With the help of her family, she formed her own independent label, Skyblaze Recordings, to oversee her musical career. She released her first nationally distributed album, Even Closer, featuring the single "Closer," through Hieroglyphics Imperium Recordings. "Closer" was also featured on the soundtrack of the 2003 movie Honey. In 2004, Columbia/Sony Music picked up Skyblaze Recordings for worldwide distribution and rereleased the album with additional tracks. She co-wrote and co-produced the entire album, which is a mixture of neo-soul, trip hop, lieder, and jazz. She also toured North America with the band Spearhead. In 2004, Even Closer peaked at No. 24 on the Billboard Charts for Top Independent Albums.

Change It All
Her second album, Change It All, featuring the single "First Love" and the song "Love Me Right," was released December 2005. The album featured production work from Jeff Bhasker, Mike Tiger, Amp Live, Sa-Ra Creative Partners, and Linda Perry. In 2006 the album peaked at No. 32 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip Hop Album Charts and No. 2 on the Top Heatseekers while the single "First Love" reached No. 18 on the Hot Adult R&B Airplay. Goapele appeared on Soul Train to promote the album in May 2006, in what turned out to be the show's final new episode. She also appeared on The Orlando Jones Show, Jimmy Kimmel Live!, Late Night with Conan O'Brien, ABC View from The Bay and FOX Good Day Atlanta. Her first three releases have garnered praise from the likes of magazines such as Rolling Stone, Nylon, Interview, Marie Claire, Billboard, Essence, and Vibe. She has appeared on the covers of local Bay Area publications San Francisco Magazine, Diablo Magazine, East Bay Express, SF Bay Guardian, Mugshot Magazine, and City Flight, She was named the number-5 artist to watch in the July 2003 issue of Rolling Stone magazine, made the countdown on MTV’s Top 10 Artists to Watch, and collaborated with ALDO Shoes’ advertisement campaign in its fight against HIV/AIDS, which featured artists such as Avril Lavigne, Ludacris, Dave Navarro, Charlize Theron, Pink, Eve, Rosario Dawson, Eva Mendes, Bow Wow, Ziggy Marley, and Kelly Rowland.

Break of Dawn
On July 10, 2009, Skyblaze Recordings leaked the single "Milk & Honey" (produced by Bedrock), the first single from her third studio album of the same title. However, in August 2011, she announced that the album would be titled Break of Dawn. The album is being recorded at the Zoo, home of Goapele's Oakland-based Skylight Studios and will feature production from Drumma Boy, Bedrock, Kanye West, Dan Electric, Mike Tiger, Bobby Ozuna (Raphael Saadiq, John Mayer, Erykah Badu), Malay (John Legend, Mary J. Blige), Kerry "Krucial" Brothers ( Alicia Keys, Mario, Keshia Cole, Nas), Jeff Bhasker (The Game, Kanye West, Ludacris, T.I), and other guest musicians. After many delays, the album was finally released on October 25, 2011.

Victory
In celebration of the FIFA World Cup 2010 in South Africa Goapele released the single "Victory" featuring South African emcee Hip Hop Pantsula, a prelude to her upcoming musical project Victory, which was released in Winter 2010 and feature an array of artists from the African continent as well as throughout the Diaspora. The leading track was recorded in English, Setswana, and Xhosa and tries to draw attention to the need for education and resources to combat Africa's most crucial dilemmas. The album will also encompass philanthropy, political and social activism. Proceeds from the project will go to ANSA (Artists for a New South Africa) a non-profit organization working to combat HIV/AIDS, assist children orphaned by the disease, advance human and civil right, educate and empower youth and build bonds between the U.S. and South Africa through Arts & Culture.

In 2014, Goapele signed with singer Eric Benét's record label Jordan House and is in the process of recording new material for her new label.

Strong as Glass
In 2014, Goapele released Strong as Glass, her fifth studio album. The lead single was "Hey, Boy" featuring Snoop Dogg and the video was released September 10, 2014, on YouTube.

Collaborations
Apart from her solo work, she has collaborated with West Coast MCs such as Aceyalone, E-40, Zion-I, and Mac Mall; those involved in the Hieroglyphics Crew; Detroit based vocalist Dwele; and Clyde Carson and Mos Def on the track "Different.”

Human rights work
Goapele performed at rallies, demonstrations, and various political events around the world from Cuba to South Africa. On September 14, 2006, the California-based Ella Baker Center for Human Rights honored her with its first ever Human Rights Cultural Hero Award during the center's 10th-anniversary celebration, which was titled "Tribute to a Dream." The following statement was issued by the Center regarding the award: We are proud to name internationally acclaimed, Oakland-based [singer-songwriter] Goapele the first recipient of this award. But as successful as she is, Goapele remains deeply rooted in her home community and in the struggle for human rights. We first saw her sing at rallies and demonstrations when both she and Ella Baker Center were just starting out. Today, she is still here with us, side by side, looking forward to a better day for all of our people. The Ella Baker Center for Human Rights is a non-profit strategy and action center. The stated aim of the center is to work for justice, opportunity, and peace in urban America.

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Closer (Goapele Music, 2001)
 * Even Closer (Skyblaze/Columbia/SME, 2002)
 * Change It All (Skyblaze/Columbia/SBMG, 2005)
 * Break of Dawn (Skyblaze/Decon, 2011)
 * Strong as Glass (Skyblaze/Primary Wave/BMG Rights Management, 2014)
 * DreamSeeker (Skyblaze/Primary Wave/Empire, 2017)
 * Colours (Skyblaze, 2023)

 * Singles
 * "Closer" (2002)
 * "Got It" (2003)
 * "First Love" (2005)
 * "Love Me Right" (2006)
 * "Soweto" (featuring Hieroglyphics) (2008)
 * "Chocolate" (2008)
 * "Milk & Honey" (2009)
 * "Victory" (featuring Hip Hop Pantsula) (2010)
 * "Undertow" (2013)
 * "Hey, Boy" (2014)

 * Guest appearances
 * Hieroglyphics – "Make Your Move" from Full Circle (2003)
 * J Boogie's Dubtronic Science – "Try Me" from J Boogie's Dubtronic Science (2003)
 * E-40 – "Show & Prove" from Breakin' News (2003)
 * Triple Threat – "How U Talkin?" from Many Styles (2003)
 * Aceyalone – "Moonlit Skies" from Love & Hate (2003)
 * Planet Asia – "Upside Down" from The Grand Opening (2004)
 * Tajai – "Dedication" from Power Movement (2004)
 * SupremeEx & Tajai – "Meaning" from Nuntype (2005)
 * The Team – "Sunshine" from World Premiere (2005)
 * Amir Sulaiman – "They Don't Know" from Like a Thief in the Night (2007)
 * Zion I – "Life's Work" from Shadowboxing (2012)
 * Ben Williams – "Voice of Freedom" from Coming of Age (2015)
 * Cassper Nyovest – "Destiny" from "Thuto" (2017)

title: Goapele


text:
Australian Chess Championship

The Australian Chess Championship is a tournament organised by the Australian Chess Federation and held every two years. The tournament is largely restricted to Australian chess players, although it is common to allow a small number of strong overseas players to compete. The highest-scoring eligible player (frequently the tournament winner) holds the title of Australian Chess Champion until the next tournament is held. The tournament format is normally a restricted Swiss system, and in case of a tie for first place, a playoff match or tournament is conducted.

Since 1971, the Australian Open has been held in the intervening years. This event is open to all players, regardless of nationality, and the winner holds the title of Australian Open Champion.

The Australian Junior Championship and Australian Girls Championship are held annually. The Australian Women's Championship was previously organised as a separate tournament but current regulations award the title of Australian Women's Champion to the highest placed Australian female player in the Australian Open (dependent on a minimum number of female entries).

Australian Champions
Prior to 2008, the tournament usually began in late December (after Christmas) and finished in January. Since 2008, the tournament has usually been held entirely in January. In the table, the year refers to the date the tournament finished.

 * {| class="sortable wikitable"

! Year !! Location !! Winners
 * - style="background:#cccccc;"
 * 1885 || Melbourne || Frederick Karl Esling (won one match game before George Hatfeild Dingley Gossip defaulted)
 * 1887 || Adelaide || Henry Charlick
 * 1888 || Melbourne || William Crane
 * 1893 || Sydney || Albert Edward Noble Wallace
 * 1895 || Melbourne || Albert Edward Noble Wallace
 * 1896 || Sydney || Albert Edward Noble Wallace
 * 1897(1) || Warrnambool || William Crane
 * 1897(2) || Sydney || Julius Leigh Jacobsen
 * 1906 || Perth || William Samuel Viner
 * 1912 || Sydney || William Samuel Viner
 * 1913 || Bellingen || William Samuel Viner
 * 1922 || Melbourne || Charles Gilbert Marriott Watson
 * 1924 || Brisbane || William Samuel Viner
 * 1926 || Sydney || Spencer Crakanthorp
 * 1927 || Perth || Spencer Crakanthorp
 * 1931 || Melbourne || Charles Gilbert Marriott Watson
 * 1933 || Sydney || Gary Koshnitsky
 * 1935 || Melbourne || C.J.S. Purdy
 * 1937 || Perth || C.J.S. Purdy
 * 1939 || Sydney || Gary Koshnitsky
 * 1945 || Sydney || Lajos Steiner
 * 1947 || Adelaide || Lajos Steiner
 * 1949 || Melbourne || C.J.S. Purdy
 * 1951 || Brisbane || C.J.S. Purdy
 * 1953 || Hobart || Lajos Steiner
 * 1955 || Perth || John Purdy
 * 1957 || Melbourne || Karlis Ozols / Lazare Suchowolski (Suchowolski emigrated to Israel before a playoff could be arranged)
 * 1959 || Hobart || Lajos Steiner
 * 1960 || Adelaide || Lucius Endzelins
 * 1963 || Perth || John Purdy
 * 1965 || Hobart || Douglas Hamilton
 * 1967 || Brisbane || Douglas Hamilton
 * 1969 || Melbourne || Walter Browne
 * 1970 || Sydney || Alfred Flatow
 * 1972 || Melbourne || Maxwell Fuller / Trevor Hay (playoff match tied 5–5)
 * 1974 || Cooma || Robert Murray Jamieson
 * 1976 || Sydney || Serge Rubanraut
 * 1978 || Perth || Robert Murray Jamieson
 * 1980 || Adelaide || Ian Rogers
 * 1982 || Melbourne || Douglas Hamilton
 * 1984 || Sydney || Darryl Johansen
 * 1986 || Toowoomba || Ian Rogers
 * 1988 || Gosford || Darryl Johansen
 * 1990 || Sydney || Darryl Johansen
 * 1992 || Melbourne || Aleksandar Wohl
 * 1994 || Melbourne || John-Paul Wallace
 * 1996 || Sydney || Guy West
 * 1998 || Melbourne || Ian Rogers
 * 2000 || Tumbi Umbi || Darryl Johansen
 * 2002 || Melbourne || Darryl Johansen
 * 2004 || Adelaide || Gary Lane
 * 2006 || Brisbane || Ian Rogers
 * 2008 || Parramatta|| Stephen Solomon
 * 2010 || North Sydney || Zong-Yuan Zhao
 * 2012 || Geelong || Darryl Johansen
 * 2014 || Springvale || Max Illingworth
 * 2016 || Melbourne || Bobby Cheng
 * 2018 || North Sydney || Max Illingworth
 * 2020 || Sydney || Temur Kuybokarov
 * 2022 || Gold Coast || Temur Kuybokarov
 * 2024 || Adelaide || Rishi Sardana
 * }
 * 1967 || Brisbane || Douglas Hamilton
 * 1969 || Melbourne || Walter Browne
 * 1970 || Sydney || Alfred Flatow
 * 1972 || Melbourne || Maxwell Fuller / Trevor Hay (playoff match tied 5–5)
 * 1974 || Cooma || Robert Murray Jamieson
 * 1976 || Sydney || Serge Rubanraut
 * 1978 || Perth || Robert Murray Jamieson
 * 1980 || Adelaide || Ian Rogers
 * 1982 || Melbourne || Douglas Hamilton
 * 1984 || Sydney || Darryl Johansen
 * 1986 || Toowoomba || Ian Rogers
 * 1988 || Gosford || Darryl Johansen
 * 1990 || Sydney || Darryl Johansen
 * 1992 || Melbourne || Aleksandar Wohl
 * 1994 || Melbourne || John-Paul Wallace
 * 1996 || Sydney || Guy West
 * 1998 || Melbourne || Ian Rogers
 * 2000 || Tumbi Umbi || Darryl Johansen
 * 2002 || Melbourne || Darryl Johansen
 * 2004 || Adelaide || Gary Lane
 * 2006 || Brisbane || Ian Rogers
 * 2008 || Parramatta|| Stephen Solomon
 * 2010 || North Sydney || Zong-Yuan Zhao
 * 2012 || Geelong || Darryl Johansen
 * 2014 || Springvale || Max Illingworth
 * 2016 || Melbourne || Bobby Cheng
 * 2018 || North Sydney || Max Illingworth
 * 2020 || Sydney || Temur Kuybokarov
 * 2022 || Gold Coast || Temur Kuybokarov
 * 2024 || Adelaide || Rishi Sardana
 * }
 * 1996 || Sydney || Guy West
 * 1998 || Melbourne || Ian Rogers
 * 2000 || Tumbi Umbi || Darryl Johansen
 * 2002 || Melbourne || Darryl Johansen
 * 2004 || Adelaide || Gary Lane
 * 2006 || Brisbane || Ian Rogers
 * 2008 || Parramatta|| Stephen Solomon
 * 2010 || North Sydney || Zong-Yuan Zhao
 * 2012 || Geelong || Darryl Johansen
 * 2014 || Springvale || Max Illingworth
 * 2016 || Melbourne || Bobby Cheng
 * 2018 || North Sydney || Max Illingworth
 * 2020 || Sydney || Temur Kuybokarov
 * 2022 || Gold Coast || Temur Kuybokarov
 * 2024 || Adelaide || Rishi Sardana
 * }
 * 2012 || Geelong || Darryl Johansen
 * 2014 || Springvale || Max Illingworth
 * 2016 || Melbourne || Bobby Cheng
 * 2018 || North Sydney || Max Illingworth
 * 2020 || Sydney || Temur Kuybokarov
 * 2022 || Gold Coast || Temur Kuybokarov
 * 2024 || Adelaide || Rishi Sardana
 * }
 * 2020 || Sydney || Temur Kuybokarov
 * 2022 || Gold Coast || Temur Kuybokarov
 * 2024 || Adelaide || Rishi Sardana
 * }
 * 2024 || Adelaide || Rishi Sardana
 * }

Australian Women's Champions

 * 1966 Marion Mott-McGrath
 * 1969 Marion Mott-McGrath
 * 1972 Narelle Kellner
 * 1974 Narelle Kellner
 * 1976 Marion Mott-McGrath
 * 1978 Lynda Pope
 * 1980 Marion Mott-McGrath
 * 1982 Anne Slavotinek
 * 1984 Anne Slavotinek
 * 1986 Josie Wright
 * 1988 Carin Craig
 * 1990 Josie Wright
 * 1992 Katrin Aladjova
 * 1994 Boglarka Remenyi, Narelle Szuveges, Liz Ports and Lee Fraser
 * 1995 Dana Nuțu-Gajic
 * 1996 Biljana Dekic & Ngan Phan-Koshnitsky
 * 1998 Ngan Phan-Koshnitsky
 * 1999 Irina Feldman
 * 2002 Narelle Szuveges
 * 2003 Slavica Sarai
 * 2015 Heather Richards
 * 2017 Alexandra Jule
 * 2019 Julia Ryjanova
 * 2023 Leah Rice

Australian Junior Champions
The Australian Junior Chess Championship is a tournament organised by the Australian Chess Federation and is held every year. It is restricted to junior players under 18 years of age. The Australian Girls Championship is held concurrently.
 * 1949 W. Levick
 * 1951 John Purdy
 * 1952 J. Hortovanyi
 * 1953 Malcolm Broun
 * 1954 D. Robson
 * 1955 J. Hortovanyi
 * 1956 A. Irving
 * 1957 J. Ferguson
 * 1958 D. Rudd
 * 1959 Ron Klinger
 * 1960 Peter Lay
 * 1961 Trevor Hay
 * 1962 N. Alexander
 * 1963 Maxwell Fuller
 * 1964 William Kerr
 * 1965 William Kerr
 * 1966 Mike Woodhams
 * 1967 Arthur Pope
 * 1968 Noel Craske
 * 1969 John Hendry
 * 1970 Alan Sauran
 * 1971 Arthur Koelle
 * 1972 Greg Melrose
 * 1973 Robert Bartnik
 * 1974 William Jordan
 * 1975 David Dick (finished third behind Murray Chandler and Kai Jensen who were ineligible for title because they were New Zealand residents )
 * 1976 Ian Rogers
 * 1977 Darryl Johansen / D. Fardell
 * 1978 Murray Smith
 * 1979 Stephen Kerr
 * 1980 Stephen Solomon (tied with Donald MacFarlane who was ineligible for title because he was a South African resident)
 * 1981 Rey Casse (tied with Jonathan Sarfati who was ineligible for title because he was a New Zealand resident)
 * 1982 Paul Broekhuyse
 * 1983 Konrad Hornung
 * 1984 Peter Evans
 * 1985 Timothy Reilly
 * 1986 Shane Hill
 * 1987 Colin Davis
 * 1988 Lee Jones
 * 1989 Peter Cotton
 * 1990 Nick Speck
 * 1991 Lee Jones
 * 1992 Trevor Tao
 * 1993 John Paul Wallace
 * 1994 Ry Curtis
 * 1995 Charles Pizzato
 * 1996 David Cordover
 * 1997 Max Leskiewicz
 * 1998 Geoff Saw
 * 1999 David Smerdon
 * 2000 Justin Tan
 * 2001 Zong-Yuan Zhao
 * 2002 Kuan-Kuan Tian
 * 2003 Tomek Rej
 * 2004 Denis Bourmistrov
 * 2005 Moulthun Ly
 * 2006 Angela Song
 * 2007 Michael Wei
 * 2008 Junta Ikeda
 * 2009 Cedric Antolis
 * 2010 Bobby Cheng
 * 2011 Bobby Cheng
 * 2012 Alistair Cameron
 * 2013 Gene Nakauchi
 * 2014 Anton Smirnov
 * 2015 Yi Liu
 * 2016 Ari Dale
 * 2017 Ray Yang
 * 2018 David Cannon
 * 2019 Sterling Bayaca
 * 2020 Cameron McGowan
 * 2023 Ruicheng Wang
 * 2024 Anh Quan Nguyen

Australian Girls Champions

 * 1960 Irene Tannenthal
 * 1964 Rosalind Jones
 * 1965 Rosalind Jones
 * 1966 Rosalind Jones
 * 1967 Marilyn Urlick
 * 1968 Nona Monachowec
 * 1969 Nona Monachowec
 * 1970 Linda Maddern
 * 1971 Linda Maddern
 * 1972 Lillian Goldsmith
 * 1973 Irena Duluk
 * 1974 Cathy Innes-Brown
 * 1975 Cathy Innes-Brown / Cathy Depasquale / Karen Hancock
 * 1976 Kate Marshall
 * 1977 Anne Martin
 * 1978 Anne Slavotinek
 * 1979 Anne Slavotinek
 * 1980 Astrid Ketelaar
 * 1981 Jill Clementi
 * 1982 Josie Wright
 * 1983 Trudi Potter
 * 1984 Colleen Lau
 * 1985 Gina Soto-Olivo
 * 1986 Natalie Mills / J. Rees / Blanche Wilkie / Nga Phan
 * 1987 Tam Nguyen
 * 1988 Nancy Jones
 * 1989 Nancy Jones
 * 1990 Gabrielle Grbovac / J. King & Barbara Remenyi / Boglarka Remenyi
 * 1991 Boglarka Remenyi
 * 1992 Jennifer Harrington
 * 1993 Veronica Klimenko / I. Liubomirskaia / Narelle Szuveges
 * 1994 Sulyn Teh
 * 1995 Jasmine Lauer-Smith
 * 1996 Laura Moylan
 * 1997 Elaine Chong
 * 1998 Kylie Coventry
 * 1999 Catherine Lip / Jasmine Lauer-Smith / Shiloh Norris
 * 2000 Catherine Lip
 * 2001 Michelle Lee
 * 2002 Shannon Oliver
 * 2003 Angela Song
 * 2004 Heather Huddleston
 * 2005 Rebecca Harris
 * 2006 Alexandra Jule
 * 2007 Emma Guo
 * 2008 Deborah Ng
 * 2009 Sally Yu
 * 2010 Leteisha Simmonds
 * 2011 Savithri Narenthran
 * 2012 Miranda Webb-Liddle
 * 2013 Nicole Chin
 * 2014 Shirley Gu
 * 2015 Kristine Quek
 * 2016 Zhi Lin Guo
 * 2017 Yifan Eva Wang
 * 2018 Cassandra Lim
 * 2019 Jody Middleton
 * 2020 Lillian Lu
 * 2023 Chloe Fan
 * 2024 Om O'Carroll

Australian Open

 * 1971 Lajos Portisch (Hungary)
 * 1973 Maxwell Fuller
 * 1975 Maxwell Fuller
 * 1977 Trevor Hay / Stewart Booth / Michael Woodhams
 * 1979 Maxwell Fuller
 * 1981 Robert Murray Jamieson
 * 1983 Darryl Johansen
 * 1985 Guy West
 * 1987 Gyula Sax (Hungary)
 * 1989 Aleksandar Wohl / Robin Hill
 * 1991 Lembit Oll (Estonia) / Edvīns Ķeņģis (Latvia) / Stefan Đurić (Yugoslavia) / Darryl Johansen / Tony Miles (England)
 * 1993 Ian Rogers
 * 1995 Dinh Duc Trong (Vietnam)
 * 1997 Darryl Johansen
 * 1999 Vadim Milov (Switzerland)
 * 2001 Stefan Đurić
 * 2003 John-Paul Wallace
 * 2005 Elena Sedina (Italy)
 * 2007 Zong-Yuan Zhao
 * 2009 Aleksandar Wohl / George Xie
 * 2011 George Xie / Zong-Yuan Zhao / Moulthun Ly
 * 2013 Bobby Cheng
 * 2015 Ni Hua
 * 2017 Max Illingworth / Temur Kuybokarov (Uzbekistan) / Kanan Izzat (Azerbaijan) / Yi Liu
 * 2019 Temur Kuybokarov / Kanan Izzat (Azerbaijan)
 * 2023 Temur Kuybokarov

Australian Grand Prix
Since 1989 a system has been in place with points accumulated in different Australian weekend tournaments. The winners have been: The Grand Prix has not been held since 2019.
 * 1989 Ian Rogers
 * 1990 Stephen Solomon
 * 1991 Darryl Johansen
 * 1992 Darryl Johansen
 * 1993 Darryl Johansen
 * 1994 Ian Rogers
 * 1995 Darryl Johansen
 * 1996 Darryl Johansen
 * 1997 Stephen Solomon
 * 1998 Ian Rogers
 * 1999 Stephen Solomon
 * 2000 Ian Rogers
 * 2001 Stephen Solomon
 * 2002 Ian Rogers
 * 2003 Ian Rogers
 * 2004 Ian Rogers
 * 2005 Igor Bjelobrk
 * 2006 George Xie
 * 2007 Dejan Antić
 * 2008 Stephen Solomon
 * 2009 David Smerdon
 * 2010 Zhao Zong-Yuan
 * 2011 Stephen Solomon
 * 2012 George Xie
 * 2013 Brodie McClymont
 * 2014 Moulthun Ly
 * 2015 Anton Smirnov
 * 2016 Brodie McClymont
 * 2017 Stephen Solomon
 * 2018 Stephen Solomon
 * 2019 Stephen Solomon

title: Australian Chess Championship


text:
Missouri Route 99

Route 99 is a short highway in southern Missouri. Its northern terminus is at U.S. Route 60 just north of Birch Tree in Shannon County; its southern terminus is at U.S. Route 160 south of Thomasville in Oregon County 18.3 mi to the SSE. It crosses the Eleven Point River at Thomasville. Just south of Thomasville Route 99 provides access to the west end of the Eleven Point Wild and Scenic River portion of the Mark Twain National Forest.

title: Missouri Route 99


text:
Francis Heylighen

Francis Paul Heylighen (born 27 September 1960) is a Belgian cyberneticist investigating the emergence and evolution of intelligent organization. He presently works as a research professor at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (the Dutch-speaking Free University of Brussels), where he directs the transdisciplinary "Center Leo Apostel" and the research group on "Evolution, Complexity and Cognition". He is best known for his work on the Principia Cybernetica Project, his model of the Internet as a global brain, and his contributions to the theories of memetics and self-organization. He is also known, albeit to a lesser extent, for his work on gifted people and their problems.

Biography
Heylighen was born on September 27, 1960, in Vilvoorde, Belgium. He received his high school education from the "Koninklijk Atheneum Pitzemburg" in Mechelen, in the section Latin-Mathematics. He received his MSc in mathematical physics in 1982 from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), where he also received his PhD Summa cum Laude in Sciences in 1987 for his thesis, published in 1990, as "Representation and Change. A Metarepresentational Framework for the Foundations of Physical and Cognitive Science."

In 1983 he started working as a researcher for the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (NFWO). In 1994 he became a tenured researcher at the NFWO and in 2001 a research professor at the VUB. Since 1995 he has been affiliated with the VUB's Center Leo Apostel for interdisciplinary studies. In 2004 he created the ECCO research group which he presently directs. Thanks to a grant from a private sponsor, in 2012 he additionally founded the Global Brain Institute at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, becoming its first director.

In 1989 Valentin Turchin and Cliff Joslyn founded the Principia Cybernetica Project, and Heylighen joined a year later. In 1993 he created the project's encyclopedic site, one of the first complex websites in the world. In 1996, Heylighen founded the "Global Brain Group", an international discussion forum that provides a working platform for most of the scientists who have worked on the concept of emergent Internet intelligence. Heylighen was also one of the founders and former editors of the Journal of Memetics which ceased publication in 2008.

Heylighen is a Fellow of the World Academy of Art and Science, and of the Web Intelligence Academy as well as a member of the Global Agenda Council on Complex Systems of the World Economic Forum. His biography has been listed since 2002 in Marquis Who's Who in the world. In 2015, he received an "Outstanding Technology Contribution Award" from the Web Intelligence Consortium, for his research on the Global Brain.

Work
His research focuses on the emergence and evolution of complex, intelligent organization. Applications include the origin of life, the development of multicellular organisms, knowledge, culture, and societies, and the impact of information and communication technologies on present and future social evolution.

Heylighen's scientific work covers an extremely wide range of subjects, exemplifying his intellectual curiosity and fundamentally transdisciplinary way of thinking. In addition to the topics mentioned above, his publications cover topics such as the foundations of quantum mechanics, the structure of space-time, hypermedia interfaces, the psychology of self-actualization and happiness, the market mechanism, formality and contextuality in language, causality, the measurement of social progress, the mechanism of stigmergy and its application to the web.

Basic ideas
This broad variety of work is held together by two basic principles. The relational principle notes that phenomena do not exist on their own but only in relation (connection or distinction) to other phenomena. They thus only make sense as part of an encompassing network or system. The evolutionary principle notes that variation through (re)combination of parts and natural selection of the fitter combinations results in ever more complex and adaptive systems. This principle is a direct application of Universal Darwinism, the idea that Darwinian mechanisms can be extended to virtually all disciplines and problem domains.

The two principles come together in Heylighen's concept of distinction dynamics. In his analysis, classical scientific methodology is based on given, unchanging distinctions between elements or states. Therefore, it is intrinsically unable to model creative change. But the evolutionary principle makes distinctions dynamic, explaining the creation and destruction of relations, distinctions, and connections, and thus helping us to understand how and why complex organization emerges.

Moreover, any system must be adapted to its environment, which implies that it is able to react adequately to changes in that environment. This is the origin of mind or intelligence, as the system should be able to select the right actions for the given conditions. These "condition-action" relations are the basis of knowledge. As systems evolve, their adaptiveness tends to increase, and therefore also their knowledge or intelligence. Thus, the general trend of evolution is self-organization, or a spontaneous increase in intelligent organization.

Principia Cybernetica
Together with Cliff Joslyn and the late Valentin Turchin, Heylighen is a founding editor of the Principia Cybernetica Project, which is devoted to the collaborative development of an evolutionary-systemic philosophy. He created its website, the Principia Cybernetica Web, in 1993, as one of the first complex webs in the world. It is still viewed as one of the most important sites on cybernetics, systems theory and related approaches.

The Global Brain
In 1996, Heylighen founded the "Global Brain Group", an international discussion forum that groups most of the scientists who have worked on the concept of emergent Internet intelligence. Together with his PhD student Johan Bollen, Heylighen was the first to propose algorithms that could turn the world-wide web into a self-organizing, learning network that exhibits collective intelligence, i.e. a Global brain.

In the 2007 article "The Global Superorganism: an evolutionary-cybernetic model of the emerging network society" Heylighen gave a detailed exposition of the superorganism/global brain view of society, and an examination of the underlying evolutionary mechanisms, with applications to the ongoing and future developments in a globalizing world. Presently, he is developing a detailed mathematical and simulation model of the global brain, together with his collaborators in the Global Brain Institute.

Publications
Heylighen has published over 100 papers and a book. A selection:
 * 2016. Stigmergy as a universal coordination mechanism I: Definition and components. Cognitive Systems Research, 38, 4–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2015.12.002
 * 2015. Return to Eden? Promises and Perils on the Road to a Global Superintelligence. In B. Goertzel & T. Goertzel (Eds.), The End of the Beginning: Life, Society and Economy on the Brink of the Singularity. Humanity+ Press.
 * 2013. Self-organization in Communicating Groups: the emergence of coordination, shared references and collective intelligence. In A. Massip-Bonet & A. Bastardas-Boada (Eds.), Complexity perspectives on language, communication, and society, (pp. 117–150). Springer.
 * 2008. Cultural evolution and memetics. Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Science, B. Meyers, ed.: Springer
 * 2007. The Global Superorganism: an evolutionary-cybernetic model of the emerging network society . In: Social Evolution & History. Vol 6 No. 1, p. 58-119
 * ISBN 978-1-135-97764-1.
 * 2007. Characteristics and Problems of the Gifted: neural propagation depth and flow motivation as a model of intelligence and creativity
 * 2001. The science of self-organization and adaptivity. The Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems 5 (3), 253-280
 * 2001. Cybernetics and second order cybernetics, with C Joslyn. Encyclopedia of physical science & technology 4, 155-170
 * 1999. Collective Intelligence and its Implementation on the Web: algorithms to develop a collective mental map. Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory 5 (3), 253-280
 * 1999. The growth of structural and functional complexity during evolution. The evolution of complexity, 17-44
 * 1992. A cognitive-systemic reconstruction of Maslow's theory of self-actualization . Behavioral Science 37 (1), 39-58

title: Francis Heylighen


text:
Longwood Medical and Academic Area

The Longwood Medical and Academic Area, also known as Longwood Medical Area, LMA, or simply Longwood, is a medical campus in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Flanking Longwood Avenue, LMA is adjacent to the Fenway–Kenmore, Audubon Circle, and Mission Hill neighborhoods, as well as the town of Brookline.

It is most strongly associated with Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, the Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and other medical facilities such as Harvard's teaching hospitals, but prominent non-Harvard institutions are located there as well. Long known as a global center of research, institutions in the Longwood Medical Area secured over $1.2 billion in NIH funds alone, in FY 2018 which exceeds funding received by 44 states.

Hospitals and research institutions

 * Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
 * Boston Children's Hospital
 * Brigham and Women's Hospital
 * Dana–Farber Cancer Institute
 * Joslin Diabetes Center
 * Massachusetts Mental Health Center
 * New England Baptist Hospital
 * Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering

Schools and colleges

 * Boston Latin School
 * Boston University Wheelock College of Education & Human Development
 * Emmanuel College
 * Harvard Medical School
 * Harvard School of Dental Medicine
 * Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
 * Massachusetts College of Art and Design
 * Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
 * Simmons University
 * Wentworth Institute of Technology
 * Winsor School

Transportation
LMA is served by two subway stations at opposite ends of Longwood Avenue: Several public bus routes serve the area and commuter rail service is available at nearby Ruggles Station. The Longwood Collective, formerly known as MASCO (Medical Area and Scientific Community Organization) ), offers shuttle buses for affiliated personnel around the Longwood Medical Area and between Harvard University's main campus in Cambridge and its medical campus in Boston. The medical campus shuttle, known as M2, is free for passengers holding a Harvard ID.
 * Longwood station on the MBTA Green Line's "D" branch; and
 * Longwood Medical Area on the Green Line E branch

Energy
LMA receives electrical power, cooling, and heating from a trigeneration (CCHP) facility, the Medical Area Total Energy Plant (MATEP).

Lodging

 * Inn at Longwood Medical
 * Longwood Inn
 * The Baldwin at Longwood Medical Centre
 * Yawkey Family Inn

title: Longwood Medical and Academic Area


text:
User talk:WriterFromAfar755

Welcome!
Hello WrtierFromAfar755, and welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like it here and decide to stay.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Read the tutorial and learn how to edit a page.
 * Experiment in the sandbox.
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Try to edit from a neutral point of view.
 * Use talk pages to communicate with other editors.
 * Be bold in updating pages.
 * Eventually, read the Manual of Style and learn about the Five Pillars of Wikipedia.
 * And most importantly, have fun!

If you need any help, see the help pages and glossary, add a question to the help desk, or ask me on my talk page.

I hope you will enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Good luck! — Bcat

Project that may interest you
When you have the time, you may be interested in checking out the Wisconsin Wikiproject. Cheers! Tomer TALK 20:56, July 31, 2005 (UTC)

Ryan Moore
Replied there. --Blackcap | talk 22:17, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

I did delete the article. It was a mistake because the IP 38... vandalized it and made it about a totally different person, neither the golfer nor the person about whom the aticles was deleted earlier, but this person was so nonnotable that I deleted right away, but didn't check in the history to see if it was really a new article. I apologize for my error. Academic Challenger 23:45, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

Schism
There is a category (which I belong to) called "Roman Catholic Wikipedians". I was wondering if you'd switch to that one, because in my eyes that is the main Catholic Category. It has dozens of users which just don't appear under the Catholic Wikipedians Category. Chooserr 21:46, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

Comment
I noticed that you wrote on template for deletions:
 * Comment on nominator. This guy is a bit of a speedy strecher, he tried to tag football teams for speedy for being offensive and/or inflammatory. I'm not sure if this is also outside reasonable bounds, just letting you know. Proof: and  WriterFromAfar755 01:52, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

What is the purpose of this? The point of TFD is to reach a decision on whether or not to delete templates, not to put me on trial for nominating them. If you have a problem with my behaviour there are other ways of dealing with it. Alibabs 04:04, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

Thanks
Here's a userbox for you. --Cyde Weys 04:47, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

SuggestBot suggestions
You're correct, no suggestions for you yet. I mistyped your name when I ran the script the other day. I'll put you back on the "needs" list and generate some next time I run it. -- ForteTuba 14:10, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:Vijay Singh.jpg)
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Speedy deletion of Template:User FC Schalke 04
A tag has been placed on Template:User FC Schalke 04 requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section T3 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a deprecated or orphaned template. After seven days, if it is still unused and the speedy deletion tag has not been removed, the template will be deleted.

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title: User talk:WriterFromAfar755


text:
Nuwaubian Nation

The Nuwaubian Nation, Nuwaubian movement, or United Nuwaubian Nation   is an American new religious and black supremacist movement founded and led by Dwight York, also known as Malachi Z. York. York began founding several black Muslim groups in New York in 1967. He changed his teachings and the names of his groups many times, incorporating concepts from Judaism, Christianity, UFO religions, New Age, and many esoteric beliefs.

In the late 1980s, he abandoned the black Muslim theology of his movement in favor of Kemetism and UFO religion. In 1991, he took his community to settle in Upstate New York, and then near to Eatonton, the county seat of Putnam County in Georgia. His followers built an ancient Egypt-themed compound called "Tama-Re" and changed their name to the "United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors."

By 2000, the United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors had some 500 adherents. They drew thousands of visitors for "Savior's Day" ceremonies. Adherence declined steeply after York was convicted of numerous counts of child molestation, racketeering, and financial reporting violations, and sentenced to 135 years in federal prison in April 2004. The Tama-Re compound was sold under government forfeiture and demolished. The Southern Poverty Law Center described York as a "black supremacist cult leader", and designated the Nuwaubian Nation as a hate group.

The group has taken numerous names throughout its history, including "Ansaru Allah Community", "Holy Tabernacle Ministries", "United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors" (after the move to Georgia), "Yamassee Native American Moors of the Creek Nation" (also used in Georgia when York claimed indigenous ancestry via Egyptian migration and intermarriage with the ancient Olmec), and "Nuwaubian Nation of Moors".

Founder
The Nuwaubian Nation was centered exclusively on the person of its founder, Malachi (Dwight) York, who legally changed his name several times, and has used dozens of aliases.

York was born on June 26, 1935 (also reported as 1945). He began his ministry in the late 1960s, from 1967 preaching to a group he called the Pan-African "Nubians" (African Americans) in Brooklyn, New York City, New York.

York founded numerous esoteric or quasi-religious fraternal orders under various names during the 1970s and 1980s, at first along pseudo-Islamic lines, later moving to a loosely Afrocentric ancient Egypt theme, eclectically mixing ideas taken from black nationalism, cryptozoology, UFO religions, and popular conspiracy theories. During the 1980s, he was also active as a musician as "Dr. York", recording for Passion Records.

York published some 450 booklets (dubbed "scrolls") under numerous pseudonyms. During the late 1990s, he styled himself a messianic founder-prophet of his movement, sometimes claiming divine status or extraterrestrial origin when appearing on his Savior's Day celebrations at Tama-Re.

York was arrested in May 2002, and in 2003 he pleaded guilty to child sexual abuse after being indicted on 197 counts of child molestation, including charges of sex trafficking of minors across state lines. These minors were as young as eight years old. He was imprisoned. In 2004, he was convicted and given a 135-year sentence for transporting minors across state lines in the course of sexually molesting them, racketeering, and financial reporting charges. His convictions were upheld on appeal. York's case was reported as the largest prosecution for child molestation ever directed at a single person in the history of the United States, both in terms of number of victims and number of incidents. The case was described in the book Ungodly: A True Story of Unprecedented Evil (2007) by Bill Osinski, a reporter who had covered the Nuwaubians in Georgia during the late 1990s.

some factions of the Black supremacist subculture in the United States appeared to continue to support York, portraying his conviction as a conspiracy by the "White Power Structure". Malik Zulu Shabazz, chairman of the New Black Panther Party and York's lawyer, described York as "a great leader of our people [… and] victim of an open conspiracy by our enemy."

History
During the 1970s, the group set up bookstores and chapters in Trinidad; Baltimore, Maryland; and Washington, D.C. According to former follower Saadik Redd, York had between 2,000 and 3,000 followers during the 1970s. The group's headquarters was in Bushwick, Brooklyn, until 1983. A portion of the community moved to Sullivan County, New York, to a site they called Camp Jazzir Abba. More people stayed in Brooklyn until about 1991.

A Muslim cleric, Bilal Philips, published The Ansar Cult in America in 1988, denouncing the movement as un-Islamic. Phillips relied heavily on testimonies of former adherents in describing the group's beliefs and practices.

In the late 1980s, York borrowed from numerous religious and esoteric traditions beyond Islam, creating the "Nuwaubian" movement. York styled his movement with a mixture of Ancient Egypt and Native American themes. He legally changed his name again, from "Issa Al Haadi Al Mahdi" to "Malachi York," effective March 12, 1993.

Former follower Robert J. Rohan had a critical view of York's changes: "Malachi York came up with the idea to move down South... because he was under FBI investigation.... He provided us as his followers the bogus rationale that we were moving down South to meet our spiritual parents. (He) always was quick to forget that he gave more than one reason for many changes that he introduced throughout the organization."

After moving to Georgia, York and his followers claimed affiliation with Masons and with the Jewish, Christian, and faiths. "Once he started changing religious ideas, the older followers became skeptical and left the group," Rohan said. "That was what happened to me."

The Nuwaubians claimed to be Native Americans of Yamasee descent, even claiming affiliation with the Muscogee (Creek) Nation in the Georgia area, as well as to being "Moors." They had perhaps borrowed the claim to indigenous ancestry from the Washitaw Nation, a Louisiana Black separatist group led by Verdiacee Turner. The Nuwaubians claimed a prehistoric migration to America "before the continents drifted apart". At this point, the group had called itself "Yamassee Native American Moors of the Creek Nation". During the early 2000s, York presided at Tama-Re, styled as "Our Own Pharoah NETER A'aferti Atum-Re", leader and chief mystagogue of "The Ancient Egiptian Order."

Current activity
, the original Bushwick, Brooklyn compound continues to function as both a bookstore and a place of religious service under the group "United Sabaeans Worldwide," with their bookstores now spread across the globe. They still carry the designation of a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center under the new name.

On their website they refer to York as "The Master Teacher Dr. Malachi Z. K. York." They state he was illegally arrested on May 8, 2002, serving a 135 year sentence for crimes that "he did not commit." They still follow York's and others "Nuwaubian" writings and scriptures, referencing UFO and extraterrestrial theology, "actual fact," and revelations of the "Nuwaupians."

Political influence in Georgia
Initially the Nuwaubians were considered eccentric but tolerable by their new neighbours. Tensions increased locally when the group distributed leaflets attacking whites and claiming racial persecution in a zoning conflict (they had set up a nightclub in a warehouse on their property). They alienated many residents of the area, both black and white. In 1998, the county sought an injunction against construction and uses that violated zoning. At the same time, the Nuwaubian community increased its leafletting of Eatonton and surrounding areas, charging white officials with racial discrimination and striving to increase opposition to them. Threats mounted and an eviscerated dog carcass was left at the home of the county attorney.

Within Putnam County, the Nuwaubians lost black support, in part by trying to take over the NAACP chapter. Nuwaubians then appealed to national activists, claiming to be racially persecuted in the county. In 1999, Al Sharpton visited Tama-Re to express his support for the Nuwaubians. During this period, the group maintained Holy Tabernacle stores "in more than a dozen cities in the U.S., the United Kingdom, and Trinidad," and continued to gain revenues from them. York purchased a $557,000 mansion for his own use in Athens, Georgia, about 60 miles away.

In 2001, the group put up candidates, associated with the Republican Party, for public office, including sheriff. Their candidates were defeated.

In conjunction with a Nuwaubian Nation parade held in Augusta, Georgia, in February 2001, the office of Augusta mayor Bob Young (1999–2005) published a proclamation written by the Nuwaubian organization, stating the group's beliefs. Quotes include "the Nuwbuns were the dark, brown-to-black-skin, wooly-hair original Eygyptians." "[T]he Black race's greatness has been accepted in America and many books as people of Timbuktu Africa or the Olmecians from Uganda, Africa, who migrated and walked here to North and South America to set up colonies way before the continental drift."

In an interview with a reporter from The Augusta Chronicle, Mayor Young said he had not read the statement prior to its release. He explained that his office customarily releases proclamations drafted and submitted for publication by civic groups without subjecting them to substantial content review. He suggested that such proclamations do not constitute official positions of the mayor's office or statements of the mayor's views.

On May 8, 2002, Tama-Re was raided by a joint force of FBI and ATF agents, state police, and local law enforcement. Although there were fears that the raid would end in violence, no shots were fired during the operation, although tear gas was used by the FBI's Hostage Rescue Team.

York and his wife were arrested outside of the property on the same day, on federal charges of child molestation and racketeering, including transport of minors for sexual use. He was convicted in 2004 by a jury in federal court and sentenced to 135 years in federal prison. His appeal failed, and the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear the last appeal. Tama-Re was sold in asset forfeiture under the verdict, and the new owners demolished the structures. With the revelations of York's conduct, most followers abandoned the group, although some factions of the Nuwaubian Nation still exist.

York is currently incarcerated in ADX Florence, a maximum-security federal prison in Florence, Colorado. He will be eligible for parole in 2122.

In 2004, seven officers of the Macon, Georgia, police department resigned from their jobs in protest against the prosecution of York. Five of those officers were later hired by the Clarke County, Georgia, jail as guards. Four of them were fired in 2006 (the fifth resigned) in the wake of charges that they were smuggling Nuwaubianist literature into the jail, corresponding with the prisoner York, encouraging inmates to rebel against white guards, and showing favoritism to Nuwaubian prisoners. The jail commander was fired after he began an investigation of Nuwaubianist influence at the jail. He has said he believes that he was fired because he undertook this investigation.

Influence upon hip-hop
As "Dr. York," the movement's leader was a vocalist and music producer in Brooklyn before he left the area. During this time, his Nuwaubian teachings affected hip hop and Black culture in New York. Journalist Adam Heimlich of the New York Press suggested the following were influenced by York: Jaz-O, Doug E. Fresh, Afrika Bambaataa, Posdnuos from De La Soul, Prodigy from Mobb Deep, and MF Doom/KMD.

In his article on York's cult, Heimlich reviewed some of the leader's published works. He wrote that York had borrowed from a variety of sources for his ideas:

"A partial list, from my notes, of places I'd encountered Nuwaubian notions before includes Chariots of the Gods and the Rael's embellishments on that book, conspiracy lit, UFO lit, the human potential movement, Buddhism and new-age, astrology, theosophy and Blavatsky, Leonard Jeffries and other Afrocentrics, Cayce, LaRouche, alternative medicine, self-help lit, Satanism, the Atkins diet, numerology and yoga. Many of these York mentions by name. There are also extensive discourses on the Torah, Gospels and Koran, as well as on Rastafarianism, the Nation of Islam and the Five-Percent Nation."

In indie hip hop, there are Nuwaubians who perform what they call Nu-wop, such as Daddi Kuwsh, Twinity, Nefu Amun Hotep, 9thScientist, Scienz of Life, Ntelek, Jedi Mind Tricks, Aslaam Mahdi, 720 Pure Sufi, Tos El Bashir and The Lost Children of Babylon.

In an article for Honor Nation, A. L. JakeAl Reum speculated that the controversial Native American kitsch costumes and props from OutKast's 46th Annual Grammy Awards performance in 2004 were inspired by the Nuwaubian belief about the Native Americans being "Moors" in origin.

Beliefs
Southern Poverty Law Center described the Nuwaubianism belief system as "mix[ing] black supremacist ideas with worship of the Egyptians and their pyramids, a belief in UFOs, and various conspiracies related to the Illuminati and the Bilderbergers." They quoted York's letter dated November 10, 2004: "The Caucasian has not been chosen to lead the world. They lack true emotions in their creation. We never intended them to be peaceful. They were bred to be killers, with low reproduction levels and a short life span." Another Nuwaubian racial origin theory has Caucasians descending from Cain: "Adam and Eve were sent to the Aegean Islands between Asia and Europe, where they started having children, and each couple's first born child was an Albino and those Albinos are called Cain in the Bible, and Cain is short for Caucasian."

In 1994 Ghazi Y. Khankan, director of the New York office of the Council on American–Islamic Relations, commented about York and his group based on their history in Brooklyn. He said, "It's a cult, in my opinion, and in Islam there are no cults. They consider their leader a prophet, which means they have deviated from the Islamic way." The superficial similarity of York's beliefs to those of the Heaven's Gate cult led to some worried newspaper articles after that group's mass suicide during the appearance of Comet Hale–Bopp in 1997, in which the cult was reported to have said that a spacecraft was following the comet.

Pseudo-language

York taught a number of "revealing" pseudo-etymologies of English words, for instance:

 * believe: be-lie-eve: to lie to Eve's children.
 * Caucasian: from Carcass-Asian meaning 'degenerated Asian'.
 * dyslexia: from the Greek ('hard, difficult or against') and the Latin lexia ('law'), meaning "to go against the law".
 * god: from the Hebrew letters Gomar, Oz and Dubar, which signify "wisdom – strength – beauty"; alternately, this word comes from reversing the letters of dog. (Note: Hebrew does not have the equivalent of the letter O, and the names for the equivalent letters of G and D are Gimel and Dalet, respectively. When reversed, the letters form the Hebrew word for fish (דג).)
 * Jesus: a combination of the words Jah and Zeus.
 * USA: from the Egyptian word meaning 'eye'.

title: Nuwaubian Nation


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Pre-Fab

i totally agree with nork. delete it! we had no say in this whatsoever. not approved by us. Spoons of P.R.E.F.A.B


text:
Common iliac vein

In human anatomy, the common iliac veins are formed by the external iliac veins and internal iliac veins. The left and right common iliac veins come together in the abdomen at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra, forming the inferior vena cava. They drain blood from the pelvis and lower limbs.

Both common iliac veins are accompanied along their course by common iliac arteries.

Structure
The external iliac vein and internal iliac vein unite in front of the sacroiliac joint to form the common iliac veins. Both common iliac veins ascend to form the inferior vena cava behind the right common iliac artery at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra.

The vena cava is to the right of the midline and therefore the left common iliac vein is longer than the right. The left common iliac vein occasionally travels upwards to the left of the aorta to the level of the kidney, where it receives the left renal vein and crosses in front of the aorta to join the inferior vena cava. The right common iliac vein is virtually vertical and lies behind and then lateral to its artery. Each common iliac vein receives iliolumbar veins, while the left also receives the median sacral vein which lies on the right of the corresponding artery.

Clinical significance
Overlying arterial structures may cause compression of the upper part of the left common iliac vein.

Compression of the left common iliac vein against the fifth lumbar vertebral body by the right common iliac artery as the artery crosses in front of it traditionally happens in May–Thurner syndrome.

Continuous pulsation of the common iliac artery may trigger an inflammatory response within the common iliac vein. The resulting intraluminal elastin and collagen deposition can cause intimal fibrosis and the formation of venous spurs and webs. This can lead to narrowing of the vein and cause persistent unilateral leg swelling, contributing to venous thromboembolism.

title: Common iliac vein


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/His Majesty, Richard lake, King of The Sakonta Tribe

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy deleted as patent nonsense. Dunc|☺ 14:30, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

His Majesty, Richard lake, King of The Sakonta Tribe
Nonsense. Unverifiable. Royalty in oregon?-- BMIComp (talk, HOWS MY DRIVING) 02:50, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Speedy delete Patent nonsense --malathion talk 02:52, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Also delete King Richard Lake which I've temporarily redirected to His Majesty, Richard lake, King of The Sakonta Tribe. Angela. 03:08, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. A king and queen handing out peerages from Eugene, Oregon is pretty nonsensical. Gazpacho 03:19, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Not speedy, but no other vote at this time . Most of the information in this article is verifiable: The Baltimore Sun, for instance, refers to the Duke of Westarctica. It's a micronation of questionable legitimacy. Pburka 03:46, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Ah, but you're taking it out of context by not telling what the registration-required article really says. "Digital media often play a major role in the establishment of nascent nations. On his Web site, His Serene Majesty Grand Duke Travis of Westarctica claims all of Antarctica between 90 and 150 degrees west longitude, and that he has notified nine countries that "this area will henceforth be known as the Achaean Territory of Antarctica." The duke has graciously granted all scientific research operations within the realm four years to register their presence with his government." That's like me stating I'm the Great king of Brettland. All hail me. All countries in this hemisphere are now possesions of my empire. CEDE THEM TO ME! -- BMIComp (talk, HOWS MY DRIVING) 07:59, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I didn't realize registration was required. Google new appears to bypass that. I'm not arguing that the article should be kept — just that it's regular nonsense and not patent nonsense. Wikipedia has lots of articles about nonsensical subjects (e.g. Creation Science). However, I believe that this particular nonsense is not notable, and should be deleted at the completion of the normal VfD process. Pburka 14:14, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete as per Angela. Hamster Sandwich 03:48, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * NOT DELETEMy Tribe of Sakonta is as REAL as those of Africa or Somalia! If you can feel morally right about deleting my article, well, go right ahead! [H.R.H. King Richard of The Sakonta Tribe]
 * NOT DELETE, READ MY DISCUSSION PAGE. YOU'LL FINDOUT WHY YOU SHOULD NOT DELETE MY ARTICLE!! [H.R.H.King Richard of The Sakonta Tribe]
 * NOT DELETE, All of the info on my article is verifiable! Just e-mail the Grand Duke yourself. his website is: westarctica.com! The Register Guard also mentioned the Grand Duke of Westarctica!
 * Delete nonsense. JamesBurns 05:08, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete really very sad--Porturology 05:37, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Im not sure of the actual legitamacy of "Westarctica" but there does seem to be lots out there Westarctica homepage --Cloveious 06:18, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes It is all great fun but it does not belong in an encyclopaedia.--Porturology 07:27, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete as patent nonsense. A king and royal family in Eugene claiming jurisdiction over western Antartica is nonsensical. Capitalistroadster 07:23, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as sock-supported, or at least more than one vote by one user-supported, patent nonsense. --Idont Havaname 07:46, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - probably patent nonsense, and POV too! But info could find a home in micronation if accurate. Barnabypage 07:56, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tim Arnold

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus to delete -- Francs2000 | Talk 11:25, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

Tim Arnold
Had he not discovered the body of Christa Worthington, he would have been forever obscure. Even so, still not noteworthy. Denni ☯ 02:50, 2005 July 23 (UTC)
 * Keep published authors are notable. Hamster Sandwich 03:50, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn author. JamesBurns 05:09, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment this entry pertains to illustrators, should be included if only to have a more complete record of those who illustrate books. Hamster Sandwich 05:49, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Only around 100 hits on Google (searching for "tim arnold" illustrator--"tim arnold" illustration got less). As a counterpoint, a pinball machine collector of the same name gets 600+ hits. Google searches aren't everything, but..unverified noteworthiness. --DNicholls 06:58, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless notability as an illustrator is established. I agree with Denni that this article is more about him finding a body. -R. fiend 15:48, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, notability not established. Wile E. Heresiarch 17:59, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The nomination rather gives it away.  The statement "Had he not discovered the body of Christa Worthington, he would have been forever obscure" is true, but seems to be an attempt to overlook or downplay Tim Arnold's main claim to notoriety: that he was for a time a suspect in the case of the  murder of Ms Worthington, a prominent fashion writer and journalist, and his former lover. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 18:16, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Many thousands of people have been suspects in crimes involving the slightly famous. I can't imagine they all deserve Wikipedia articles. Denni ☯ 18:24, 2005 July 23 (UTC)
 * Comment. I set a very low bar on notability. If someone is likely to want to read about a person, I tend to support such an article.  Since I personally found the article interesting, this one sailed easily over the bar. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 19:43, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, redirect to Christa's article. Radiant_ >|< 18:58, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Yet again, you cannot have a redirect where there is no article. A redirect must exist as a Wikipedia page, it cannot exist without one. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 20:30, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per User:Tony Sidaway or, failing that, merge with Christa Worthington CanadianCaesar 22:25, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. The bar for notability, in my view, should be "Would anyone ever look the guy up?" The answer is clearly yes. Grace Note 05:00, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Mmmmmm, hamster sandwich — Err, uh, I mean keep.  —RaD Man (talk) 05:19, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Notability not even remotely established. Indrian 18:51, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Sdbeck

Stephen David Beck (born 1959 in San Diego, California) is an American composer of classical and electroacoustic music. He received his musical education at the University of California, Los Angeles, studying composition with Henri Lazarof, Elaine Barkin, Alden Ashforth, and Roger Bourland. While a graduate student, he held a Fulbright Fellowship to study computer music at IRCAM, the Paris computer music research center.

Since 1988, he has been on the faculty of Louisiana State University School of Music, and now serves as its Director. In 2003, he helped establish the Laboratory for Creative Arts & Technologies at LSU's Center for Computation & Technology, a research group focused on the intersections of creativity, technology and human expression.

At CCT, he led the development of Nemeaux, a supercomputer for the arts. His research is in immersive audio, interactive computer music, sound diffusion, and distributed audio computation. His most recent project is the Laptop Orchestra of Louisiana.

In 2008, he was named Interim Director at the CCT, serving in that capacity until December 2010.

title: User:Sdbeck


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Amykles

Amykles (Αμύκλες) is a village in Laconia, southern Greece. It lies in the plain by the Eurotas river, 6 km south of Sparta, east of the Taygetus mountains, along the Greek National Road 39 from Sparta to Gytheio. It was named after the ancient town Amyclae, the ruins of which are situated 2 km northeast of the village.

Ancient Amyclae
According to some sources, the ancient town Amyclae (Ἀμύκλαι - Amyklai) was founded by Amyclas of Sparta, the son of Lacedaemon. In the second century AD, the traveller Pausanias was informed that the archaic site of Amyklai had its ancient origin as an Achaean stronghold that predated the "Dorian invasion", and modern archaeology has supported that view. The Bronze Age settlement lay on the slopes above the modern village of Amykles. It was conquered by the Spartans as the fifth of the surrounding settlements whose subjection initiated the history of Sparta, in the eighth century BC; the inhabitants of Amyklai took their places among the perioikoi, members of autonomous groups of free but non-citizen inhabitants of Sparta.

About the same time, there was erected at Amyklai the Sanctuary of Apollo, enclosing within its temenos the tumulus of Hyakinthos, a pre-Hellene divinity whose cult was conflated with that of Apollo, in the annual festival of the Hyakinthia. There have been finds of sub-Mycenaean votive figures and of votive figures from the Geometric period, but with a gap in continuity between them: "it is clear that a radical reinterpretation has taken place" Walter Burkert has observed, instancing many examples of this break in cult during the "Greek Dark Ages", including Amyklai (1985, p 49).

After the Spartan conquest, Amyklai continued to hold the Gymnopaideia and the Hyakinthia, now celebrated in honor of Apollo Amyklaios, given an even later political interpretation, as celebrating "the political reconciliation of Doric Sparta (Apollo) with the Achaian population of Amyklai (Hyakinthos)" (Hellenic Ministry of Culture). Nothing is heard yet of Apollo's sister Artemis at Amyklai, Burkert has pointed out. In the seventh or early sixth century, a colossal archaic helmeted effigy was made of bronze, taking the semi-aniconic form of a stout column with arms, holding a spear as well as the more familiar bow: "ancient and made without artistry," Pausanias thought. "Except for the face and the tips of its feet and hands it looks like a bronze pillar. It has a helmet on its head, and a spear and a bow in its hands. The base of the statue is shaped like an altar, and Hyakinthos is said to be buried in it." (Description, III.6). In the mid-sixth century the face of Apollo had been veneered with gold from Lydia, the gift of Croesus. Later in the sixth century, Bathycles of Magnesia designed the Doric-Ionic temple complex later known as the "throne of Apollo". The archaic cult statue, set on the podium that was constructed to enclose the chthonic altar dedicated to Hyakinthos, was surrounded by a virtual encyclopedia of Greek mythology, to judge from Pausanias' enumeration of the subjects of the reliefs. The podium contained the altar to Hyakinthos and was faced with bas-reliefs and there were more bas-reliefs on the stoa-like building that surrounded on three sides the colossal column-shaped statue of the god. The analemma and peribolos of the sanctuary have been excavated. Architectural fragments show that the architecture combined Doric and Ionic architectural orders: some are exhibited in the Sparta Museum.

Beside the cult of Apollo, the people of Amyklai also worshipped Dionysus, as Dionysos Psilax. Pausanias noted that psila was Doric for wings— "wine uplifts men and lightens their spirit no less than wings do birds" he added by way of gloss: apparently it was hard for him to imagine an archaic winged Dionysus.

Traditionally Amyklai was associated the residence of Tyndareus and his sons, the Dioscures.

Medieval history
Amyclae became a bishopric in 1082, see Diocese of Amyclae.

title: Amykles


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/鲍仁君

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedily deleted as non-notable CV in foreign language. FCYTravis 03:59, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

鲍仁君
Vanity. Ph.D. student with CV and interests. — Pekinensis 02:52, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete Not Notable. Waste of electrons. Hamster Sandwich 03:51, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/鲍仁君


text:
User talk:Flame060

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24 (Talk) 02:53, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

P.S. I like messages :-P

title: User talk:Flame060


text:
Amyclae

Amyclae or Amyklai (Ἀμύκλαι) was a city of ancient Laconia, situated on the right or western bank of the Eurotas, 20 stadia south of Sparta, in a district remarkable for the abundance of its trees and its fertility. Amyclae was one of the most celebrated cities of Peloponnesus in the Greek Heroic Age. It is said to have been founded by the Lacedaemonian king Amyclas, the father of Hyacinthus, and to have been the abode of Tyndarus, and of Castor and Pollux, who are hence called Amyclaei Fratres. Amyclae is mentioned by Homer, and it continued to maintain its independence as an Achaean town long after the conquest of Peloponnesus by the Dorians.

Conquest by Sparta
According to the common tradition, which represented the conquest of Peloponnesus as effected in one generation by the descendants of Heracles, Amyclae was given by the Dorians to Philonomus, as a reward for his having betrayed to them his native city Sparta. Philonomus is further said to have peopled the town with colonists from Imbros and Lemnos; but there can be no doubt that the ancient Achaean population maintained themselves in the place independent of Sparta for many generations. It was only shortly before the First Messenian War that the town was conquered by the Spartan king Teleclus. The tale ran, that the inhabitants of Amyclae had been so often alarmed by false reports of the approach of the enemy, that they passed a law that no one should mention the subject; and accordingly, when the Spartans at last came, and no one dared to announce their approach, "Amyclae perished through silence:" hence arose the proverb Amyclis ipsis taciturnior ("quieter than Amyclae itself").

Temple of Apollo
After its capture by the Lacedaemonians Amyclae became a village, and was only memorable by the festival of the Hyacinthia celebrated at the place annually, and by the temple and colossal statue of Apollo, who was hence called Amyclaeus. The throne on which this statue was placed was a celebrated work of art, and was constructed by Bathycles of Magnesia. It was crowned by a great number of bas-reliefs, of which an account is given by Pausanias. Bathycles of Magnesia also dedicated a statue of Artemis Leucophryne at Amyclae.

Location
Amyclae is located approximately 2 km northeast of the modern village of Amykles, named after the ancient city. Whilst excavating the site, William Martin Leake discovered an imperfect inscription, the letters ΑΜΥ following a proper name, and leaving little doubt that the incomplete word was ΑΜΥΚΛΑΙΟΥ.

title: Amyclae


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Interstate 270 (Missouri–Illinois)

Interstate 270 (I-270) makes up a large portion of the outer belt freeway in Greater St. Louis. The counterclockwise terminus of I-270 is at the junction with I-55 and I-255 in Mehlville, Missouri; the clockwise terminus of the freeway is at the junction with I-55 and I-70 north of Troy, Illinois. The entire stretch of I-270 is 50.59 mi.

I-270 between I-70 and I-55 was formerly designated I-244, a western bypass of St. Louis, Missouri. It was originally proposed by Missouri as I-144, but the road was a beltway (or part of one), so the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) assigned it the number I-244. By the late 1970s, the entire beltway (including today's I-255) was integrated as a part of I-270 for consistency. However, the politicians in Illinois started planning their supplemental freeway system in the mid-1970s, and a 5 mi section of Corridor 413 was included into the Interstate Highway System in April 1978. This caused a potential place of confusion in Pontoon Beach, Illinois, where I-270 would have intersected itself, and eventually the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) decided on the I-255 numbering in 1980 (but not before considering renumbering an 8 mi section to I-870).

Route description
In Missouri, I-270 diverges from at I-55 as a 10-lane freeway heading west of I-55's route but still maintaining I-55's tendency to travel northward. I-270 intersects I-44 in a modified cloverleaf interchange that was rebuilt in the 1990s. Railroad overpasses and rocky bluffs between I-44 and Dougherty Ferry Road reduced the interstate to eight lanes for about 2 mi; however, this section was widened as of late 2013 to five lanes in each direction. I-270 meets up with I-64 with a stack interchange that was built from 1987 to 1993 (it was previously a cloverleaf that was a frequent source of backups).

From Dougherty Ferry Road through I-70, it continues as a 10-lane Interstate, although the right lanes often serve as exit lanes. The intersection with Route 340 (Olive Boulevard) was upgraded to a single-point urban interchange in the mid-2000s, and, during 2010–2011, the interchanges with Route 364 (Page Avenue) and Dorsett Road were upgraded with the latter becoming a diverging diamond interchange in October 2010. Congestion in this area is severe to the point the Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) has spent millions on various traffic control improvements since the 1990s. One of the safety improvements is a "double white line" that motorists are not permitted to cross (violation of that could lead to a fine of $500) that is located at the exits for I-70 in the northbound lanes. Other safety implementations include a special Maryland Heights police cruiser that is dedicated to traffic enforcement on this section of I-270, congestion warning signs, and traffic cameras.

At I-70, I-270 makes a transition from a north–south highway to an east–west highway though not signed as such until James S. McDonnell Boulevard and will eventually become a six-lane highway by the time it reaches U.S. Route 67 (US 67, North Lindbergh Boulevard). It then meets I-170, which had its interchange rebuilt from 2001 to 2004 during which a left exit lane in the westbound lane was corrected. This section of I-270 was a source of frequent backups during the late-afternoon hours until the interchange was rebuilt. A fatal accident in September 1999 spurred the rebuilding of the interchange, although the accident did not occur at that location happening east of the interchange. I-270 then passes various streets where every westbound exit connects to Dunn Road (and one must use Dunn Road to access I-270 with the only exceptions being the Route 367, Lilac Avenue, and Riverview Drive exits). Since Dunn Road handles two-way traffic, this has become a safety and congestion issue that MoDOT wants to address in the near future. Since 2012, a pickle jar has been sitting on a barrier wall near the Missouri I-270 exit 9.

At Lilac Avenue, I-270 constricts to four lanes as it crosses the Mississippi River on the New Chain of Rocks Bridges. Leaving Missouri and entering Illinois, I-270 transitions from a suburban Interstate to an exurban Interstate with farm fields and wooded land bordering the Interstate in the area to the immediately east and west of the river crossing. Once it crosses the Chain of Rocks Canal, I-270 will intersect four different highways providing access to communities in eastern Madison County: Illinois Route 3 (IL 3), Old Alton Road, IL 203, and IL 111. The interchange with IL 3 is a partial cloverleaf with the loop ramps in the northeast and southeast quadrants. The remaining two are cloverleaf interchanges, with the Old Alton Road/IL 203 interchange using a collector–distributor system with two folded diamonds due to the presence of railroad tracks between the two roadways. Once it passes IL 111, the speed limit increases to 65 mph as the highway briefly becomes six lanes again with the junction with I-255. The highway then reverts to a four-lane highway offering diamond interchanges with IL 157 and IL 159 before meeting up with I-55/I-70 at the interchange that IDOT refers as the "3 I's". The eastbound I-270 meets the northeastbound combination of I-55 and I-70 which leave the intersection as northbound I-55 and eastbound I-70 which has adopted I-270's mile markings.

History
The section of I-270 on the Missouri side was completed by June 1964, while the section that was I-244 was completed by November 1968. The section from IL 3 to I-55 in Illinois was finished by May 1965.

During the Great Flood of 1993, the New Chain of Rocks Bridge carrying I-270 over the Mississippi River was the only bridge open from St. Louis to Keokuk, Iowa, at one point. (All other bridges from the McKinley Bridge to the Keokuk Bridge were closed at the peak of that flood.)

The last major construction project on I-270 occurred from 1995 to 1998. Both MoDOT and IDOT upgraded I-270 to modern standards from Lilac Avenue to I-255. However, this section of I-270 is still at two lanes in each direction.

On September 13, 1999, a fatal accident involving a tractor-trailer occurred in the westbound lanes of I-270 in front of the now-defunct St. Thomas Aquinas-Mercy High School (now North County Christian School) in northern St. Louis County. This accident sped up efforts that led to the I-170/I-270 interchange reconstruction that went from 2001 to 2004.

A major accident and fire from a FedEx Ground truck between the Route 367 and Lilac Avenue exits on October 28, 2002, forced detours and lengthy delays.

There were plans to sign an 8 mi section of I-270 from Glen Carbon to Edwardsville as I-870. However, this idea was discarded.

In 2008, MoDOT implemented new variable speed limits on I-270/I-255 with the normal limit being 60 mph. However, due to complaints from the public, these signs were planned to be updated in 2011 to advisory signs. A 5 mi section of I-270 between I-44 and Manchester was widened to five lanes in each direction, with work taking place between 2012 and 2013. This section of I-270 sees up to 185,000 vehicles per day, and peak hour congestion is common.

Constructions
IDOT wanted to widen I-270 from Lilac Avenue to I-255 from four lanes to six, but no money was available at the time of the proposal in 2007. However, IDOT has announced that nearly $100 million has been programmed for replacement of the canal bridges between 2011 and 2016. The canal bridges were replaced in mid-2014, and the old deck was imploded late 2015.

MoDOT has also identified the need of improving the I-270 corridor in northern St. Louis County, which could cost in the range of $200 million. The agency planned to widen the freeway from US 67 to Route 367 and rebuild every interchange (except I-170) and overpasses in this section. MoDOT held a public study of this corridor and has a website of this. Construction eventually began in spring 2020 and is expected to conclude in December 2023 at a price of under $300 million.

title: Interstate 270 (Missouri–Illinois)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/David hinze

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. -Splash 21:54, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

David_hinze
I don't know if I would call it vanity per se, but I don't know that an article about a high school teacher is worthy of Wikipedia. Is he noteworthy enough? My guess is no. --Barista | a/k/a マイケル | T/C 02:54, 23 July 2005 (UTC) keep oh dear lord keep Mr. Hinze is noteabel teacher, historian, tour guide, and blueberry farmer waht more could you ask for keep. User: CrimsonAlchemist 11:03 27 July 2005
 * Delete tribute. Gazpacho 03:17, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete --Richhil 03:36, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

David Hinze is well known for his historical books-- that alone is reason enough to have a wikipedia article. Strong Delete Not Notable --Aranda56 02:48, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * This page was never added to a main VfD page; adding now. Keep and cleanup, seems important enough.  JYolkowski // talk 18:17, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; this kind of shoddiness should be stricken quickly. Amazon.com sales rank for his book is about 434,000.  Bad article in general. Paul 14:08, 5 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Doesn't meet WP:BIO.  The only thing potentially notable is that book.  According to amazon, the publisher is Savas Publishing, which appears to me to be a vanity press. Gamaliel 07:47, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
French 75

French 75 or variations thereof may refer to:

 * Canon de 75 modèle 1897 (also French 75), a quick-firing field artillery piece adopted in March 1898
 * French 75 (cocktail), made from gin, champagne, lemon juice, and sugar
 * French 75, a company founded by French director, inventor and artist Frank Verpillat
 * "French 75", the B-side of 1965's "Bright Lights, Big City" by American rock band The Champs
 * "French 75", the sixth song by American heavy metal band Cane Hill on their 2015 EP Cane Hill
 * French 75 Bar, a gentlemen-only area in the New Orleans restaurant Arnaud's

title: French 75


text:
User talk:FinalStrife7

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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Orphaned non-free image File:Michael Tolcher - I Am album cover.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Michael Tolcher - I Am album cover.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Admrboltz (talk) 02:14, 5 December 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:FinalStrife7


text:
File:Lesluthiers.jpg

Summary
Cover for Sonamos Pese A Todo, Les Luthier's first album from 1971. Found in http://www.leslu.net/web/discos/index2.htm

title: File:Lesluthiers.jpg