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Wikipedia:Jewish Encyclopedia topics/W

1 – 20

 * 1) Wa'ad Arba' Aratzot (Wa'ad Arba' Arazot) S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See C828: Council of Four Lands
 * 2) Wa-ani Tefillati (JE | ) The introduction to the reading of the lesson before the afternoon prayer on the Sabbath. Among the Ashkenazim it is ......
 * 3) Wachnacht (JE | ) The Judæo-German term for the night preceding the day of circumcision, spent in feasting and the recitation of hymns and ......
 * 4) Johann Christoph Wagenseil JE (JE | ) German Christian Hebraist; born at Nuremberg Nov. 26, 1633; died at Altdorf Oct. 9, 1705. In 1667 he was made ......
 * 5) Wager S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See A2018: Asmakta
 * 6) Wages S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See M252: Master and Servant
 * 7) Wilhelm Richard Wagner (Richard Wagner) S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) German composer of music; born at Leipsic May 22, 1813; died at Venice Feb. 13, 1883. He commenced the study ......
 * 8) Wahb ibn Munabbih (Abu 'Abd Allah al-Sana'ani al-Dhimari) S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Mohammedan traditionist of Dhimar (two days' journey from Sanaa) in Yemen; died at the age of ninety, in a year ......
 * 9) Abraski Wahl (JE | ) -- See W11: Wahl, Saul
 * 10) Moritz Callmann Wahl JE (JE | ) German writer; born March 28, 1829, at Sondershausen; died Oct. 15, 1887. He studied Oriental languages at Leipsic under Julius ......
 * 11) Saul Wahl JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) A remarkable personage who, according to tradition, occupied for a short time the throne of Poland. The story connected with ......
 * 12) Adolphus Walhtuch (JE | ) English physician; born in Odessa, Russia, 1837. He studied medicine at Kiev, Prague, and London (M.D., L.R.C.P., 1863), and then ......
 * 13) Mark Wahltuch (JE | ) Russian philosopher and author; born at Odessa 1830; died at Pisa Jan. 27, 1901. He resided for many years in ......
 * 14) Die Wahrheit (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 15) Israel b. Solomon Wahrmann JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Hungarian rabbi and Talmudist; born at Altofen, Hungary; died at Budapest June 24, 1824. He was called to the rabbinate ......
 * 16) Judah Wahrmann JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Hungarian rabbi; son of Israel Wahrmann; born 1791; died at Pesth Nov. 14, 1868. He was appointed associate rabbi and ......
 * 17) Moritz Wahrmann JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Hungarian politician; grandson of Israel Wahrmann; born at Budapest Feb. 28, 1832; died there Nov. 26, 1892. He was educated ......
 * 18) Solomon Elijah Wakrulkar (JE | ) Beni-Israel soldier; enlisted in the Nineteenth Regiment Native (Indian) Infantry Sept. 25, 1838. He was promoted jemidar Jan. 1, 1853; ......
 * 19) Aaron ben Isaiah Nathan Walden JE (JE | ) Polish Talmudist, editor, and author; born at Warsaw about 1835. Walden, who is an ardent adherent of Ḥasidism, is known ......
 * 20) Louis Waldenburg JE (JE | ) German physician; born at Filehne, Posen, July 31, 1837; died at Berlin April 14, 1881; educated at the University of ......

21 – 40

 * 1) B. Waldow (JE | ) -- See B1146: Bloch, Bianca
 * 2) Charles Waldstein JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Anglo-American archeologist; born in New York March 30, 1856. He was educated at Columbia College, New York city (A.M. 1873), ......
 * 3) Emile Waldteufel S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) French composer; born at Strasburg Dec. 9, 1837. He commenced the study of music under the tuition of his father, ......
 * 4) Jacob Waley (JE | ) English lawyer and professor of political economy; born in London March 17, 1819; died there June, 1873. He was the ......
 * 5) Simon Waley (JE | ) English merchant, musician, and communal worker; born in London Aug. 23, 1827; died there Dec. 30, 1875; younger son of ......
 * 6) Wallachia S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See R475: Rumania
 * 7) Abraham ben Asher Wallerstein (JE | ) German scholar and rabbi of the eighteenth century; officiated in Schnaittach, Bavaria. He was the author of the following works: ......
 * 8) Wallich S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) German family which probably derived its name from the Hebrew transcription of "Falk" (V12p460001.jpg). The earliest known members of it ......
 * 9) Wallis (Valais) S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See S1201: Switzerland
 * 10) Walls S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) The walls erected by the Canaanites for the protection of their farmyards consisted of great unhewn blocks of stone, and ......
 * 11) Walozin (JE | ) -- See V106: Volozhin
 * 12) Bryan Walton (JE | ) Christian Hebraist; born in 1600 at Hilton, Yorkshire, England; died in London Nov. 29, 1661; educated at Magdalene and Peterhouse ......
 * 13) Wandering Jew S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Imaginary figure of a Jerusalem shoemaker who, taunting Jesus on the way to crucifixion, was told by him to "go ......
 * 14) Wandsbeck (JE | ) Town in Sleswick-Holstein, near Hamburg. About the year 1600 Count Breido Rantzau, owner of the estate of Wandsbeck, allowed Jews ......
 * 15) Sidney Stern, Lord Wandsworth (JE | ) English banker and peer; born in London 1845; son of Viscount de Stern, senior partner of the firm of Stern ......
 * 16) Eliakim Getschlik Wanefrieden (JE | ) Dayyan and preacher in Amsterdam about the end of the eighteenth century. He published a pamphlet entitled "Megillat Sefer" (Amsterdam, ......
 * 17) War S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) The earliest war recorded in the Old Testament is that of the Elamitic king Chedorlaomer and his allies against the ......
 * 18) Warburg JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Family whose members are widely spread throughout Germany, Denmark, Sweden, England, and America. There is a tradition that the family ......
 * 19) Warning S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See H362: Hatra'ah
 * 20) Warranty of Title (JE | ) The Hebrew term for warranty of title is V12p467001.jpg (= "future"), the same word denoting the force of an attested ......

41 – 60

 * 1) Rosa Warrens (JE | ) Swedish poet and translator; born at Karlskrona Feb. 24, 1821; died at Copenhagen Nov. 8, 1878. At the age of ......
 * 2) Book of the Wars of the Lord (Wars of the Lord) S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) A work mentioned in a single passage of the Old Testament (Num. xxi. 14) in connection with the geographical position ......
 * 3) Warsaw S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Capital of the Russo-Polish government of the same name, and former capital of the kingdom of Poland; situated on the ......
 * 4) Warschauer Jüdische Zeitung (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 5) Mark Samoilovich Warshawski (JE | ) Russian writer; born at Kherson in 1853. He received his early education at a gymnasium in St. Petersburg, and then ......
 * 6) Washing S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) As compared with the Greeks and Romans, the Hebrews paid little attention to the care of the body; and the ......
 * 7) Washington S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) An extreme northwestern state on the Pacific coast, United States of America; originally a part of Oregon, but admitted to ......
 * 8) Washington, D. C. >> Washington Hebrew Congregation JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Capital of the United States; situated in the District of Columbia, on the Potomac River. In 1849 there were in ......
 * 9) Silleman Abajee Wasker (Solomon Abraham) (JE | ) Beni-Israel soldier; died about 1850. He enlisted in the Third Regiment Native (Indian) Light Infantry, Jan. 1, 1809, and was ......
 * 10) Hermann Wassertrilling (Tzebi Hirsch ben Nathan; Zebi Hirsch ben Nathan) JE (JE | ) Austrian Hebraist; flourished in the nineteenth century; born at Boskowitz, Moravia. He officiated as teacher in the Jewish school of ......
 * 11) Haim Wasserzug (JE | ) English ḥazzan and composer; born at Sheritz, Prussian Poland, 1822; died at Brighton, England, Aug. 24, 1882. As a child ......
 * 12) Watch-Night (JE | ) -- See W3: Wachnacht
 * 13) Water S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Water was looked upon by the Jews as extremely important and precious. The first thing placed before a guest was ......
 * 14) Feat of Water-Drawing (JE | ) At the morning service on each of the seven days of the Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot) a libation of water ......
 * 15) Water-Rights (JE | ) -- See R305: Riparian Owners
 * 16) Wave-Offering (JE | ) -- See S35: Sacrifice
 * 17) Waw (letter) (Vav) S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Sixth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. The name possibly means "nail" or "hook," and the shape of the letter in ......
 * 18) Hippolite Henrichovich Wawelberg (JE | ) Russian banker; born at Warsaw 1844; died at St. Petersburg Oct. 20, 1901. After graduating from the real-gymnasium of Warsaw ......
 * 19) Wax S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) In the Old Testament wax is referred to only as a simile for something easily dissolved or evanescent (Ps. lxviii. ......
 * 20) Way S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See R295: Right of Way

61 – 80

 * 1) Lewis Way (JE | ) English clergyman; born at Denham, Bucks, England, Feb. 11, 1772; died in London Jan. 26, 1840. He was educated at ......
 * 2) Wayehi 'Ereb (JE | ) One of the "nedarim," or special declamatory variations from the strict Cantillation of the Pentateuch, according to the Northern use. ......
 * 3) Vayekhulu (JE | ) The concluding verses of the story of Creation, deemed from Talmudic times an essential portion of the prayers for Friday ......
 * 4) Wayiqra Rabbah (Wayikra Rabbah) JE (JE | ) Haggadic midrash to Leviticus. Under the name "Wayiḳra Rabbah" this midrash is first referred to by Nathan, in his " ......
 * 5) We-Adar (JE | ) -- See A771: Adar Sheni
 * 6) We-'Al Kullom (JE | ) The brief prayer which interrupts and divides into three sections the longer confession of sins enumerated in alphabetical order (see ......
 * 7) Weasel S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Unclean animal (Lev. xi. 29). Saadia, Bochart, and others render V12p480002.jpg by "mole," referring to the Arabic "?uld" and the ......
 * 8) Weather-Lore (JE | ) Popular prognostications regarding the weather. A certain number of these occur in the Talmud (B. B. 147a). If the weather ......
 * 9) Weaving S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) As early as the nomadic period the Israelites understood the art of spinning the hair of camels and goats, and ......
 * 10) Ignaz Wecheselmann JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Hungarian architect and philanthropist; born at Nikolai, Prussian Silesia, in 1828; died at Budapest Jan. 17, 1903. He was educated ......
 * 11) Der Wecker (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 12) Wedding S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See M215: Marriage Ceremonies
 * 13) Week S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) A division of time comprising seven days, thus explaining the Hebrew name. There are indications of the use of another ......
 * 14) Weekblad voor Israelieten (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 15) Feast of Weeks S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See P177: Pentecost
 * 16) We-Hizhir (JE | ) -- See M587: Midrash Haggadah
 * 17) Wehu Rachum (Wehu Rahum) (JE | ) A prayer, beginning with Ps. lxxviii. 38, recited on Mondays and Thursdays before Taḥanun. It is composed chiefly of Biblical ......
 * 18) Weiberdeutsch (JE | ) -- See J586: Judæo-German
 * 19) Anton Weichselbaum (JE | ) Austrian physician; born at Schiltern, Lower Austria, Feb. 8, 1845. Educated at the Josefs-Akademie and the University of Vienna (M.D. ......
 * 20) Karl Weigert JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) German pathologist; born at Münsterberg in Silesia March 19, 1845; died at Frankfort-on-the-Main Aug. 5, 1904. He received his education ......

81 – 100

 * 1) Weights and measures >> Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) While the references in the Old Testament are sufficient for a general knowledge of the ancient Hebrew system of weights ......
 * 2) Adolf Weil (JE | ) German physician; born at Heidelberg Feb. 7, 1848. Educated at the universities of Heidelberg, Berlin, and Vienna (M.D. 1871), he ......
 * 3) Gustav Weil JE (JE | ) German Orientalist; born in Sulzburg, Baden, April 25, 1808; died at Freiburgim-Breisgau Aug. 29, 1889. Being destined for the rabbinate, ......
 * 4) Henri Weil JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Philologist; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main Aug. 26, 1818; educated at the universities of Bonn, Berlin, and Leipsic. He went to France, ......
 * 5) Jacob Weil JE (JE | ) German rabbi and Talmudist; flourished during the first half of the fifteenth century. Of his life no details are known, ......
 * 6) Jacob Weil (JE | ) German educationist and writer; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main 1792; died there Nov. 18, 1864. His first work was "Fragmente aus Talmud ......
 * 7) Karl Weil (JE | ) Austrian physician; born at Altsattel, Bohemia, March 19, 1844. He studied medicine at the universities of Prague and Vienna(M.D. 1867). ......
 * 8) Karl von Weil (JE | ) Austrian journalist; born in Württemberg, Germany; died at Vienna Jan. 7, 1878. He studied law at the University of Freiburg ......
 * 9) Nethaneel Weil JE (JE | ) Rabbi and Talmudist; born at Stühlingen in 1687; died at Rostadt May 7, 1769; son of Naphtali Hirsch Weil. His ......
 * 10) Simeon Hirsch Weil (JE | ) German scholar; son of Nethaneel Weil; lived in Carlsruhe in the eighteenth century. He published his father's "Netib Ḥayyim," "Torat ......
 * 11) Tiah Weil (Jedidiah Weil) (JE | ) German rabbi; born at Prague Oct. 2, 1721; died at Carlsruhe Oct. 10, 1805. He was the son of Nethaneel ......
 * 12) Alexandre Weill (Alexandre Abraham Weil) (JE | ) French writer; born at Schirhoffen, Alsace, May 10, 1811; died at Paris Oct. 18, 1898; grandson of R. Abraham Kellermeister. ......
 * 13) Anselme Weill (JE | ) French physician; born at Bischheim, Alsace, Aug. 24, 1842. He received his education at the lyceum of Strasburg and the ......
 * 14) Emanuel Weill (JE | ) French rabbi; born at Ensisheim, Alsace, Oct. 21, 1841; educated at the bet ha-midrash of Colmar and the Séminaire Israélite ......
 * 15) Mathieu Weill (JE | ) French mathematician; born at Hagenau, Alsace, May 24, 1851; educated in the lyceums of Burg and Strasburg, at the Polytechnique ......
 * 16) Michel Aaron Weill (JE | ) French rabbi; born at Strasburg July 19, 1814; died at Paris Jan. 6, 1889. He was educated at the Ecole ......
 * 17) Lazare Jean Weiller (JE | ) French manufacturer and author; born at Schlettstadt, Alsace, July 20, 1858; educated at the Lycée Saint-Louis of Paris and at ......
 * 18) Pauline Weiller (JE | ) American pianist; born in Stuttgart April 22, 1839; died in Baltimore, Md., Dec. 28, 1874; eldest daughter of Moritz Eichberg, ......
 * 19) Weimar S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See S291: Saxon Duchies
 * 20) Pavel Weinberg (JE | ) Russian writer; born at Odessa about 1840. His father, Isaiah Weinberg, adopted Christianity. Unlike his brothers, Peter Weinberg, a prominent ......

101 – 120

 * 1) Weinberge (JE | ) -- See K350: Königliche Weinberge
 * 2) Felix Alphonse Weingaertner (JE | ) French musician and composer; born at Nantes May 5, 1844. The son of a musician, he received his early education ......
 * 3) Hirz Weisel (JE | ) -- See W132: Wessely.
 * 4) Adolphe Weiss (JE | ) French painter; born at Budapest May 11, 1838. He was educated at the School of Fine Arts in Vienna, and ......
 * 5) Isaac Hirsch Weiss JE (JE | ) Austrian Talmudist and historian of literature; born at Gross Meseritsch, Moravia, Feb. 9, 1815; died at Vienna June 1, 1905. ......
 * 6) Joseph Hirsch Weiss JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Hungarian rabbi; born at Podola, Comitat Neutra, 1800; died at Erlau 1881. He was a descendant of a long line ......
 * 7) Leopold W. Weiss (JE | ) German ophthalmologist; born at Giessen 1849. He was educated at the universities of Giessen (M.D. 1874), Tübingen, and Vienna; and ......
 * 8) Markus Nissa Weiss JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Hungarian advocate of Reform. In 1792 he had a small business at Pesth, and in 1794 he leased an estate ......
 * 9) Max Weiss S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Hungarian chess-player; born July 21, 1857, at Szered on the Waag. Removing to Vienna, he studied mathematics and physics at ......
 * 10) Wilhelm Weiss (JE | ) Austrian mathematician; born at Ridka, Bohemia, Feb. 3, 1859; died at Prague June 18, 1904. He received his early education ......
 * 11) Isaac Jacob Weissberg (JE | ) Russo-Hebrew writer and pedagogue; born at Polonki, government of Minsk, 1841; died at Kiev 1904. He received his preliminary training ......
 * 12) Samuel Abramowitch Weissenberg (JE | ) Russian physician and anthropologist; born in Yelizavetgrad, South Russia, Dec. 16, 1867. He attended the public school and the real-school ......
 * 13) Asher (Arthur) Simchah Weissmann (Asher (Arthur) Simhah Weissmann) (JE | ) Austrian scholar and publicist; born at Zelynia, Galicia, April 21, 1840; died at Vienna May 14, 1892. He received a ......
 * 14) Marcus Weissmann-Chajes (JE | ) Austrian scholar; born at Tarnow, Galicia, 1830. He was destined for a rabbinical career, and began early to receive instruction ......
 * 15) Berthold Weisz JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Hungarian deputy; born at Budapest 1845. He was educated at the gymnasium and commercial academy of his native city, devoting ......
 * 16) Well S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) The Hebrew language distinguishes between two kinds of wells: (1) "be'er," an artificially constructed hollow in which the water of ......
 * 17) Song of the Well (JE | ) A poem which is quoted in Num. xxi. 17, 18. It is introduced in a list of the encampments made ......
 * 18) Well-Poisoning (JE | ) -- See B1114: Black Death
 * 19) Julius Wellhausen S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) German Biblical critic and Semitist; born at Hameln May 17, 1844; educated in theology and Semitics at Göttingen (Ph.D. 1870), ......
 * 20) Die Welt (JE | ) Zionist periodical, published weekly at Vienna (it is arranged to remove its headquarters to Berlin in 1906). The first number ......

121 – 140

 * 1) Samuel Weltsch (JE | ) Austrian cantor; born at Prague Sept. 12, 1835; died in that city Aug. 5, 1901. Belonging to a family of ......
 * 2) Baruch Werber (JE | ) Austrian Hebraist; born at Brody, Galicia, in the beginning of the nineteenth century; died there July 31, 1876. Werber, who ......
 * 3) Jacob Werber (JE | ) Austrian Hebraist; born at Brody, Galicia, Feb. 4, 1859; died there Aug. 20, 1890; son of Baruch Werber. When only ......
 * 4) Abraham Werner S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Polish rabbi; born at Tels, Kovno, 1837. He received his early education in various ?adarim, and at thirteen was well ......
 * 5) Judah Wernikovski (JE | ) Russian Talmudical educator; born in Slonim, government of Grodno, 1823; died in Jerusalem Feb. 20, 1901. In his childhood he ......
 * 6) John Wertheimer (JE | ) English printer; born in London at the close of the eighteenth century; died there Dec. 18, 1883; senior member of ......
 * 7) Joseph von Wertheimer (JE | ) Austrian philanthropist and author; born at Vienna March 15, 1800; died there March 15, 1887. He was the descendant ......
 * 8) Samson Wertheimer JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Austrian court Jew, financier, and rabbi; born at Worms Jan. 17, 1658; died at Vienna Aug. 6, 1724. He was ......
 * 9) Solomon Aaron Wertheimer JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Hungarian rabbi and scholar; born at Bösing Nov. 18, 1866. In 1871 he went with his parents to Jerusalem, where ......
 * 10) Baruch Bendet ben Reuben Wesel (JE | ) German rabbi and scholar; born at Wesel in the latter half of the seventeenth century; died at Breslau in the ......
 * 11) We-Shameru (JE | ) Quotation from the Pentateuch, recited before the "'Amidah" in the Sabbath evening service, and repeated in the domestic Ḳiddush on ......
 * 12) Hartwig Wessely (JE | ) -- See W134: Wessely, Naphtali Hirz
 * 13) Moritz August Wessely (JE | ) German physician; born at Bleicherode, near Erfurt, Oct. 15, 1800; died at Nordhausen March 7, 1850; nephew of Naphtali Hirz ......
 * 14) Naphtali Hirz (Hartwig) Wessely JE (JE | ) German Hebraist and educationist; born at Hamburg 1725; died there Feb. 28, 1805. One of his ancestors, Joseph Reis, fled ......
 * 15) Wolfgang Wessely (JE | ) Austrian jurist and theologian; born at Trebitsch, Moravia, Oct. 22, 1801; died at Vienna April 21, 1870. At the age ......
 * 16) West S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) One of the "four skirts" (V12p507002.jpg, Isa. xi. 12; Ezek. vii. 2; Job xxxvii. 3, xxxviii. 13) or "four corners," ......
 * 17) West Indies S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Group of islands in the North Atlantic adjoining the Gulf of Mexico; so named because supposed by Columbus, who discovered ......
 * 18) West Virginia S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) One of the east-central states of the American Union; formerly part of Virginia; made a separate state on June 19, ......
 * 19) Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Christian Biblical critic and theologian; born at Ulla, near Weimar, Jan. 12, 1780; died in Basel June 16, 1849. He ......
 * 20) Wetzlar S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Prussian city in the district of Coblenz; formerly a free city. Jews lived there probably as early as the twelfth ......

141 – 160

 * 1) We-Ye'etayu (JE | ) A piyyuṭ, by Eleazar Ḳalir (Zunz, "Literaturgesch." p. 21), chanted by the ḥazzan during the Musaf service on the days ......
 * 2) Max Weyl (JE | ) American painter; born at Mühlen, Württemberg, in 1840. At the age of fifteen he went to the United States, but ......
 * 3) Meïr b. Simchah Weyl (Meïr b. Simhah Weyl) (JE | ) German rabbi; born at Lissa 1744; died at Berlin 1826. He was a pupil of Hirsch Janow. In 1771 he ......
 * 4) Walter Edward Weyl (JE | ) American economist; born at Philadelphia, Pa., March 11, 1874. He was educated in the public schools of his native city ......
 * 5) Whale S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) A cetaceous mammal. Several species of cetacea are found in the Mediterranean as well as in the Red Sea. In ......
 * 6) Wheat S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) The chief breadstuff of Palestine in both ancient and modern times. It has been observed that the cultivation of wheat ......
 * 7) Wheel S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) In the Bible wheels are mentioned in connection with ordinary wagons, as well as with Chariots. Mention is made also ......
 * 8) Wheeling S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See W138: West Virginia
 * 9) Fernand Georges Widal JE (JE | ) French physician; born at Paris March 9, 1862. From 1886 to 1888 he devoted himself to public demonstrations of the ......
 * 10) Widdin S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Bulgarian fortified town, situated at the confluence of the rivers Widd and Danube.The beginnings of the Jewish community of Widdin ......
 * 11) Widdui (JE | ) -- See C716: Confession of Sin
 * 12) Widow S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) The law of Israel treats the widow as a privileged person, and seeks to indemnify her in some degree for ......
 * 13) Adolf Wiener (JE | ) German rabbi; born in Murowana-Goslin, Posen, 1811; died in Oppeln, Prussian Silesia, Aug. 25, 1895. Having acquired his diploma as ......
 * 14) Aloys Wiener (JE | ) -- See S973: Sonnenfels, Perlin Lipmann
 * 15) Der Israelit Wiener (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 16) Jacques Wiener (engraver) (JE | ) Belgian engraver; born at Hoorstgen, Rhine Province, 1815; died at Brussels Nov. 3, 1899. When thirteen years of age he ......
 * 17) Wiener Jahrbuch (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 18) Wiener Jüdische Illustrirte Presse (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 19) Wiener Jüdische Presse (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 20) Wiener Jüdische Zeitung (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals

161 – 180

 * 1) Leo Wiener (JE | ) American philologist; born at Byelostok, Grodno, Russia, July 27, 1862; studied in the gymnasia of Minsk and Warsaw, in the ......
 * 2) Leopold Wiener (JE | ) Belgian engraver and sculptor; born in Holland 1823; died at Brussels Jan. 24, 1891. He was a resident of Boitsfort, ......
 * 3) Meïr Wiener (JE | ) German teacher; born at Glogau June 3, 1819; died at Hanover March 31, 1880; head master of the religious school ......
 * 4) Wiener Mittheilungen (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 5) Wiener Monatsblätter für Kunst und Litteratur (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 6) Wiener-Neustadt S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) City of Austria; situated thirteen miles south of Vienna. Jews settled in this city probably shortly after its foundation in ......
 * 7) Wiener Vierteljahrsschrift (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 8) Henri Wieniawski S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Russian violinist and composer; born at Lublin, Russian Poland, July 10, 1835; died at Moscow April 1, 1880; brother of ......
 * 9) Joseph Wieniawski (JE | ) Russian pianist and composer; born at Lublin, Poland, May 23, 1837; brother of Henri Wieniawski. He studied music under Zimmerman, ......
 * 10) Peter Wiernik (JE | ) Russo-American journalist; born at Wilna, Russia, in March, 1865. He received the customary Jewish education. From 1878 to 1882 he ......
 * 11) Wiesbaden S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) German town in the province of Hesse-Nassau; capital of the former duchy of Nassau. Schenk ("Gesch. der Stadt Wiesbaden") thinks ......
 * 12) Adolf Wiesner (JE | ) Austrian journalist and author; born in Prague 1807; died in New York Sept. 23, 1867. His name was originally Wiener, ......
 * 13) Wife S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See H986: Husband and Wife
 * 14) Wig S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) A covering for the head, consisting of false hair interwoven with or united to a kind of cap or netting. ......
 * 15) Judah Wiga (JE | ) Polish preacher of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The name so written is given by Sternberg ("Gesch. der Juden in ......
 * 16) Ludwig Wihl (JE | ) German poet and philologist; born at Wevelingen, Prussia, Oct. 24, 1807; died at Brussels Jan. 16, 1882; educated at Krefeld, ......
 * 17) Ernest Julius Wilczynski (JE | ) American mathematician; born in Hamburg, Germany, Nov. 13, 1876. He went with his parents in 1885 to America, where he ......
 * 18) Wild Ass Ours is about something else (JE | ) Rendering used in Gen. xvi. 12 (R. V.), Job vi. 5, xi. 12, xxiv. 5, xxxix. 5, Ps. civ. 11, ......
 * 19) Wild Bull (JE | ) -- See U27: Unicorn
 * 20) Wild Goat S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See G281: Goat

181 – 200

 * 1) Wild Ox (JE | ) -- See A1572: Antelope
 * 2) Wilhelm Eduard Wilda (JE | ) German jurist; born at Altona Aug. 17, 1800; died at Kiel Aug. 9, 1856; educated at the Johanneum of Hamburg ......
 * 3) Wilderness S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) An examination of the Hebrew terms rendered "wilderness" or "desert" in the English versions shows that these translations are inadequate ......
 * 4) Wanderings in the Wilderness (JE | ) Next to the Exodus, the remembrance of the wanderings in the desert for a period corresponding to the life of ......
 * 5) Wilenkin (JE | ) -- See M644: Minski, Nicolai Maksimovich
 * 6) Gregory Wilenkin (JE | ) Russian government official; born at Tsarskoye-Selo, near St. Petersburg, Russia, Feb. 22, 1864. He is a member of an ancient ......
 * 7) Wilkes-Barre S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) County-seat and principal city of Luzerne county, Pa. Evidence points to 1838 as the date of arrival of the first ......
 * 8) Will S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Legal instrument by which a person disposes of his property, or of a part thereof, and which takes effect ......
 * 9) William of Auvergne S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See G490: Guillaume of Auvergne
 * 10) William of Norwich S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Alleged victim of ritual murder by Jews at Norwich in 1144. He may therefore claim to be the protomartyr of ......
 * 11) Willow S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) A tree or shrub of the genus Salix. Willows and poplars are numerous in Palestine. In all regions the white ......
 * 12) Max von Wilmersdörffer (JE | ) Bavarian financier and philanthropist; born at Bayreuth April 8, 1824; died at Munich Dec. 26, 1903. At an early age ......
 * 13) Wilmington S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See N339: North Carolina
 * 14) Wilna (Vilna) S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Ancient Lithuanian city, capital of the district of the same name; situated on the rivers Vilia and Vileika, about 200 ......
 * 15) Abraham Wilna JE (JE | ) -- See A431: Abraham ben Elijah of Wilna
 * 16) Wilna Gaon (Vilna Gaon) S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See E284: Elijah ben Solomon
 * 17) Simon Winawer S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Russian chess-player; born in Warsaw 1839. In 1867 he was in Paris; and while watching some games at the Café ......
 * 18) Winchester S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Ancient capital of England; county town of Hampshire. Jews appear to have settled there at an early date, one of ......
 * 19) Windows S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) The climate of Palestine and the customs of the ancient and the modern Orient alike rendered the house less important ......
 * 20) Winds S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Ancient Hebrew literature recognizes only four winds-north, south, east, and west, having no names for those from intermediate points, so ......

201 – 220

 * 1) Wine (See Kosher wine) S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) The juice of the grape is the subject of special praise in the Scriptures. The "vine tree" is distinguished from ......
 * 2) Max Winkler - Ours is about German politician - (JE | ) American philologist; born at Cracow, Austria, Sept. 4, 1866; educated at the gymnasium of Cracow, Hughes High School (Cincinnati, Ohio), ......
 * 3) Winnipeg S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Capital of the province of Manitoba, Canada; situated at the junction of the Assiniboin and Red rivers. Jews had relations ......
 * 4) Solomon Winter JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Hungarian philanthropist; born in the county of Zips, Hungary, in 1778; died at Hunsdorf, in the same county, Feb. 24, ......
 * 5) Moriz Winternitz JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Austrian Orientalist; born at Horn Dec. 23, 1863. He received his earliest education in the gymnasium of his native town, ......
 * 6) Wilhelm Winternitz JE (JE | ) Austrian physician and hydropathist; born at Josefstadt, Bohemia, March 1, 1835; educated at Vienna and at Prague (M. D. 1857), ......
 * 7) Simon von Winterstein (JE | ) Austrian railroad magnate; born at Prague 1819; died at Vöslau June 11, 1883. The son of poor parents, he had ......
 * 8) Winterthur S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See S1201: Switzerland
 * 9) Wisconsin S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) State in the Upper Lake region of the United States of America; admitted to the Union in 1848. In 1792 ......
 * 10) Wisdom S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Practical intelligence; the mental grasp which observes and penetrates into the nature of things, and also the ability skilfully to ......
 * 11) Wisdom of Solomon (Book of the Wisdom of Solomon) JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Apocryphal book written in Alexandria about the middle of the first century B.C. That it was composed in Greek by ......
 * 12) Wisdom of God (JE | ) -- See G282: God
 * 13) Aaron Wise JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) American rabbi; born at Erlau, Hungary, May 2, 1844; died in New York March 30, 1896; son of Chief Rabbi ......
 * 14) Isaac Meyer Wise JE S 2005-08-19 (JE | ) American Reform rabbi, editor, and author; born at Steingrub, Bohemia, March 29, 1819; died at Cincinnati, Ohio, March 26, 1900. He was the son of Leo Wise ......
 * 15) Leo Wise (JE | ) American journalist and publisher; born at Albany Oct. 28, 1849; son of Isaac Mayer Wise. He was educated at St. ......
 * 16) Stephen Samuel Wise S 2005-08-19 (JE | ) American rabbi; born at Budapest March 17, 1862; son of Aaron Wise. He studied at the College of the City of New York (1887-91), Columbia ......
 * 17) Wismar S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See M319: Mecklenburg
 * 18) Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift für Jüdische Theologie (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 19) Kalonymos Zeeb Wolf Wissotzky (JE | ) Russian philanthropist; born in Zhagory, government of Kovno, July 8, 1824; died at Moscow May 24, 1904. Wissotzky, whose father ......
 * 20) Witchcraft S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) "Witchcraft" and "sorcery" are the terms used in the Bible to designate the practise of the arts of divination, which ......

221 – 240

 * 1) Witebsk (Vitebsk) S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See V94: Vitebsk
 * 2) Witness S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See E530: Evidence
 * 3) Leopold Wittelschöfer JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Austrian physician; born at Nagy-Kanizsa, Hungary, July 14, 1818; died at Vienna Jan. 8, 1889; educated at the University of ......
 * 4) Franz Wittmann JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Hungarian electrician and physicist; born at Hod-Mezö-Vasarhely Jan. 16, 1860. He was educated at the university of Budapest, and continued ......
 * 5) Wochenblatt für die Familie (JE | ) -- See P199: Periodicals
 * 6) Philip Wodianer JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Hungarian communal worker; flourished in Szegedin during the latter part of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century. ......
 * 7) Jules Wogue (JE | ) French author; son of Lazare Wogue; born in Paris Dec. 4, 1863; educated at the Ecole Normale Supérieure in his ......
 * 8) Lazare Wogue (JE | ) French rabbi; born at Fontainebleau, Seine-et-Marne, July 22, 1817; died at Paris April 14, 1897; educated at the Lycée Charlemagne ......
 * 9) Jetty Wohllerner (JE | ) Galician Hebrew writer; born at Lemberg in 1813; died there in 1891. When a little girl of eight, Jetty, after ......
 * 10) Wolf S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) The wolf (Canis lupus) is still found in Palestine, where the animals prowl in pairs or droves about sheepfolds at ......
 * 11) Aaron Benjamin Wolf (JE | ) -- See W211: Aaron b. Benjamin Wolf
 * 12) Abraham Nathan Wolf (JE | ) German scholar; born at Dessau in 1751; died there in 1784. On account of his liberal views he was highly ......
 * 13) Adolph Grant Wolf (JE | ) American jurist; born at Washington, D. C., Jan. 11, 1869; educated at Johns Hopkins University (A.B. 1890) and at the ......
 * 14) Emma Wolf (JE | ) American authoress; born June 15, 1865, in San Francisco, Cal., to which city her parents had migrated from France, and ......
 * 15) George Garcia Wolf (JE | ) South-African merchant, and member of the Cape Parliament; born at Great Yarmouth 1838; died in London March 18, 1899. He ......
 * 16) Gerson Wolf (JE | ) Austrian historian and educator; born at Holleschau, Moravia, July 16, 1823; died in Vienna Oct. 29, 1892. He began the ......
 * 17) Hirsch W. Wolf (JE | ) German physician; born at Lobsens, Posen, 1738; died at Hamburg April 14, 1820; studied at the University of Giessen (M.D. ......
 * 18) Johann Christoph Wolf JE (JE | ) Christian Hebraist and polyhistor; born at Wernigerode Feb. 21, 1683; died at Hamburg July 25, 1739. He studied at Wittenberg, ......
 * 19) Wolf ben Joseph of Dessau (JE | ) German scholar and author; born at Dessau in 1762; died there March 16, 1826. Left an orphan at an early ......
 * 20) Lucien Wolf S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) English journalist and Anglo-Jewish historian; born in London Jan. 20, 1857. He began his journalistic career at a very early ......

241 – 260

 * 1) Max Wolf (JE | ) Austrian composer; born at Weisskirchen, Moravia, Feb., 1840; died in Vienna March 23, 1886. His father, a wealthy business man, ......
 * 2) Simon Wolf (JE | ) American jurist, publicist, and philanthropist; born at Hinzweiler, Bavaria, Oct. 28, 1836; emigrated to the United States in 1848 and ......
 * 3) Wolfenbüttel S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) German city, particularly noted for its Samson-Schule, a school, originally at Brunswick, founded by Herz Samson, on a legacy by ......
 * 4) Martha Wolfenstein (JE | ) American authoress; born at Insterburg, Prussia, Aug. 5, 1869. During her infancy her parents emigrated to the United States, settling ......
 * 5) Wolff - Ours is a dab page - (JE | ) American family which derives its origin from the Robles family of Surinam, Dutch Guiana. The following is the family tree:Wolff ......
 * 6) Aaron Wolff (JE | ) Danish merchant; born in the Island of Saint Christopher on Aug. 6, 1795; died in London, England, Jan. 12, 1872. ......
 * 7) Abraham Alexander Wolff (JE | ) German rabbi; born at Darmstadt April 29, 1801; died at Copenhagen Dec. 3, 1891. His first teacher was his father, ......
 * 8) Joseph Wolff S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Missionary and Oriental traveler; born at Weilersbach, near Bamberg, Germany, in 1795; died at Ile Brewers, Somerset, England, May 2, ......
 * 9) Joseph Wolff (JE | ) Russian historian; born at St. Petersburg; died at Heidelberg 1900. The son of a book-dealer, he early developed a passion ......
 * 10) Julius Wolff S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) German surgeon; born at Märkisch Friedland, West Prussia, March 21, 1836; died at Berlin Feb. 18, 1902. He received his ......
 * 11) Maurice Wolff (JE | ) Swedish rabbi; born in 1824 at Meseritz, Prussia, where his father officiated as rabbi. He studied at the universities of ......
 * 12) Oskar Ludwig Bernhard Wolff (JE | ) German improvisator and novelist; born at Altona July 26, 1799; died at Jena Sept. 13, 1851. He early manifested an ......
 * 13) Ulla Wolff (JE | ) German authoress; born at Gleiwitz, Silesia, April 2, 1850; daughter of Max Hirschfeld. She received her education at home and ......
 * 14) Isaac Wolffson (JE | ) German jurist and politician; born Jan. 19, 1817; died at Hamburg Oct. 12, 1895. He was prominent in German politics, ......
 * 15) Wolfkan of Ratisbon (JE | ) Jewish convert to Christianity and traducer of the Jews; lived in the second half of the fifteenth century. He was ......
 * 16) Wolflein of Lochamen (Wolflein of Lochheim) (JE | ) Medieval Bavarian litterateur; known for his compilation of the so-called "Lochheimer Liederbuch" (about 1450), a collection of medieval German folk-songs, ......
 * 17) Bernard Wölfler (JE | ) Austrian physician; born at Praschnoaugezd, Bohemia, Dec. 8, 1816. After having studied philosophy at the gymnasium of Prague, he attended ......
 * 18) Theodore Wolfner JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Hungarian deputy; born at Uj-Pest June 18, 1864; educated at the gymnasium and at the school of technology at Budapest. ......
 * 19) Aaron Wolfsohn (JE | ) -- See H140: Halle, Aaron ben Wolf
 * 20) Wilhelm Wolfsohn (JE | ) German poet and essayist; born at Odessa Oct. 20, 1820; died at Dresden Aug. 13, 1865; studied medicine and philosophy ......

261 – 280

 * 1) Leone Wollemborg (JE | ) Italian economist; born at Padua 1859; graduated from the university of his native city (1878). He made a special study ......
 * 2) Anton Eduard W. da Fonesca Wollheim (JE | ) German playwright and journalist; born in Hamburg Feb. 12, 1810; died in Berlin Oct. 24, 1884; studied at the University ......
 * 3) Wolowski (JE | ) Polish family, several members of which became converted to Christianity. It flourished in southern Poland in the seventeenth and eighteenth ......
 * 4) Michael Wolper (JE | ) Russian educator and author; born in Wilna 1852; educated in the rabbinical school of his native city. He was graduated ......
 * 5) Creation of Woman (JE | ) -- See E527: Eve
 * 6) Rights of Woman (JE | ) The problem of the rights of woman in Jewish law and custom is presented mainly in five phases: (1) the ......
 * 7) Wood Festival (JE | ) -- See A111: Ab, Fifteenth Day of
 * 8) Woodbine, New Jersey S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Borough in Cape May county, New Jersey; established as an industrial village Aug. 28, 1891; incorporated as a borough in ......
 * 9) Albert Edward Woolf (JE | ) American chemist and inventor; born in New York Sept. 26, 1846; educated in the public schools of that city and ......
 * 10) Edward Woolf (JE | ) American musician and novelist; born in London, England, Sept., 1803; died in New York March 14, 1882. After acting as ......
 * 11) Sidney Woolf (JE | ) English lawyer; born in London 1844; died March 12, 1892; educated at Neumegen's school and at University College, London. After ......
 * 12) Worm S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) "Rimmah" and "tole'ah" are the terms most frequently employed in the Bible to connote not only the earthworm, but any ......
 * 13) Worms, Germany S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Town in Rhein-Hesse, grand duchy of Hesse, Germany. Like Mayence and Cologne, it has one of the oldest Jewish communities ......
 * 14) Worms JE (JE | ) Frankfort and English family, tracing its descent from Aaron Worms of Frankfort-on-the-Main in the middle of the eighteenth century. Aaron's ......
 * 15) Aaron Worms (JE | ) -- See A101: Aaron Worms
 * 16) Asher Anshel Worms (JE | ) German physician, mathematician, and Hebraist; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main toward the end of the seventeenth century; died there in 1769. Worms ......
 * 17) Émile Worms (JE | ) French jurist; born at Frisange, Luxembourg, May 23, 1838; educated at the University of Heidelberg and at Paris (LL.D. 1864). ......
 * 18) Gustave-Hippolyte Worms (JE | ) French actor; born in Paris March 21, 1837. He was graduated from the Conservatoire in 1857, winning the first prize ......
 * 19) Baron Henry de Worms (JE | ) -- See P347: Pirbright, Henry de Worms, Baron
 * 20) Jules Worms (JE | ) French physician; born in Paris Jan. 24, 1830; died there April 15, 1898; educated at the University of Strasburg (M.D. ......

281 – 300

 * 1) Jules Worms (JE | ) French genre painter; born in Paris Dec. 16, 1832. He studied under Philippon and Lafosse, and made his début at ......
 * 2) Maurice Benedict de Worms (JE | ) English financier and agriculturist; born in Frankfort-on-the-Main 1805; died in London 1867; grandson of Meyer Anselm de Rothschild, and son ......
 * 3) René Worms JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) French auditor of the council of state; son of Emile Worms; born at Rennes Dec. 8, 1869; educated at the ......
 * 4) Baron Solomon Benedict de Worms (JE | ) English financier; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main Feb. 5, 1801; died at Brighton, England, Oct. 20, 1882; son of Benedict de Worms ......
 * 5) Victor Worms (JE | ) French lawyer; younger brother of Emile Worms; born at Luxembourg Nov. 16, 1853; educated at Paris and Rennes ("docteur en ......
 * 6) André Alphonse Wormser (JE | ) French composer; born in Paris Nov. 1, 1851; studied at the Paris Conservatoire under Bazin and Marmontel. In 1875 he ......
 * 7) Idol-Worship (Idolatry) (JE | ) All idolatrous cults are condemned by the Biblical insistence on worship of Yhwh only. The Decalogue begins with the command ......
 * 8) Wreath S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Garland placed on the head as a token of honor. The wealthy bridegroom and bride, on the day of their ......
 * 9) Wreschen JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) A town in Posen, Germany, three miles from the Russian frontier. Its Jewish community formerly ranked among the largest of ......
 * 10) Writing S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) -- See A1308: Alphabet
 * 11) Written Instruments (JE | ) -- See D203: Deed
 * 12) Reuben Joseph Wunderbar (JE | ) Russian pedagogue and author; born at Mitau Sept. 12, 1812; died there Aug. 16, 1868. He received the usual Jewish ......
 * 13) August Wünsche JE (JE | ) German Christian Hebraist; born at Hainewalde July 22, 1839. He has devoted his attention almost exclusively to rabbinic literature. After ......
 * 14) Württemberg S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Kingdom of southwestern Germany. The earliest traces of Jews in this country are found in Bopfingen (1241), Ulm (1243), Esslingen ......
 * 15) Würzburg S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Capital of Lower Franconia, Bavaria, Germany. It ranked as a city in 741, and had a Jewish community as early ......
 * 16) Julius Würzburger (JE | ) American journalist; born in Bayreuth, Germany, 1819; died in New York city Sept. 14, 1876; studied at the University of ......
 * 17) Ludwig Wysber JE S 2006-02-20 (JE | ) Hungarian journalist and author; born 1817. Originally a street pedler in Pesth, he obtained employment as a chorus singer in ......

title: Wikipedia:Jewish Encyclopedia topics/W


text:
Mika Brzezinski

Mika Emilie Leonia Brzezinski Scarborough (Brzezińska; born May 2, 1967) is an American talk show host, political commentator, and author who currently co-hosts MSNBC's weekday morning broadcast show Morning Joe. She was formerly a CBS News correspondent, and was their principal "Ground Zero" reporter during the morning of the September 11 attacks. In 2007 she joined MSNBC as an occasional anchor, and was subsequently chosen as co-host of Morning Joe, alongside Joe Scarborough.

Mika Brzezinski is a visiting fellow at the Harvard Institute of Politics. Her main political interest is in wage equality for women. She is also the author of three books; two on her career as a journalist and one on food addiction.

Brzezinski is the daughter of diplomat and political scientist Zbigniew Brzezinski, who served as a counselor to President Lyndon B. Johnson and as the National Security Advisor to President Jimmy Carter.

Early life
Brzezinski was born in New York City, the daughter of Polish-born foreign policy expert and former National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzeziński and Swiss-born sculptor Emilie Anna Benešová. Her mother, of Czech descent, is a grandniece of Czechoslovakia's former president Edvard Beneš. Her father was teaching at Columbia University when she was born; the family moved to McLean, Virginia, near Washington, D.C., in late 1976, when Zbigniew was named National Security Advisor by newly elected President Jimmy Carter. Her brother, Mark Brzezinski, is an American diplomat, was the United States Ambassador to Sweden from 2011 to 2015 and from 2022 has been the United States Ambassador to Poland. Her second brother is military expert Ian Brzezinski. She is a first cousin of the author Matthew Brzezinski.

Brzezinski attended the Madeira School and then attended Georgetown University for two years before transferring to Williams College, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English in 1989.

Career

Brzezinski began her career in journalism as an assistant at ABC's World News This Morning in 1990. A year later, she moved to Tribune-owned Fox affiliate WTIC-TV/WTIC-DT in Hartford, Connecticut. There, she progressed from assignment and features editor to general assignments reporter. In 1992, she joined CBS affiliate WFSB-TV/WFSB-DT in Hartford and quickly progressed through the ranks to become its weekday morning anchor in 1995. In 1997, she left that role to join CBS News, where she served as a correspondent and as anchor for the overnight Up to the Minute news program. In 2001, Brzezinski began a short hiatus from CBS News, during which she worked for rival MSNBC on the weekday afternoon show, HomePage, with co-anchors Gina Gaston and Ashleigh Banfield. Entertainment Weekly described the trio as "the Powerpuff Girls of journalism".

9/11 correspondent
She returned to CBS News as a desk correspondent in September 2001, a move that thrust her into the limelight as a principal "Ground Zero" reporter for the September 11, 2001, attacks. Brzezinski was broadcasting live from the scene when the South Tower collapsed. In her last position at CBS News, Brzezinski served as a CBS News correspondent, substitute anchor, and segment anchor for breaking news segments and routine updates. During this period she became an occasional contributor to CBS Sunday Morning and 60 Minutes.

MSNBC
Brzezinski returned to MSNBC on January 26, 2007, doing the evening "Up to the Minute" news updates. Then she worked primetime newsbreaks during the week. She also filed occasional reports for NBC Nightly News and appeared as an occasional anchor on Weekend Today. Brzezinski resigned from both shows on the eve of a renewal option, said Brzezinski, when Scarborough selected her to co-host on Morning Joe.

Since the program's inception, Brzezinski appeared as co-host and news reader on MSNBC's morning program Morning Joe, alongside Joe Scarborough and Willie Geist.

Campaign against trivial journalism
On June 26, 2007, near the beginning of Morning Joe, Brzezinski refused to read a report about Paris Hilton's release from jail. One hour later during another news break segment, her producer Andy Jones again pushed the story as the lead, ranking it over Indiana's Republican Senator Richard Lugar's break with President Bush on the Iraq War, which Brzezinski considered more important. After several sarcastic remarks from host Scarborough, she attempted to set the story's script on fire on the air, but was physically prevented from doing so by co-host Geist. She then tore up the script, and one hour later, got up and ran another copy of the script through a paper shredder retrieved from Dan Abrams's office. The incident was quickly popularized on the Internet, and in the days that followed, Brzezinski received large quantities of fan mail supporting her on-air protest as a commentary on the tension between "hard news" and "entertainment news". Similarly, on July 7, 2010, she objected on-air to pressure to report on Lindsay Lohan and Levi Johnston. Eventually, Geist and Pat Buchanan reported the stories with the caption, then popularized, "News You Can't Use".

Erik Wemple of The Washington Post criticized Brzezinski and co-host Scarborough for frequent phone interviews with Donald Trump during the 2016 Presidential campaign.

Democratic National Committee email leak
The 2016 Democratic National Committee email leak revealed that Debbie Wasserman Schultz, chairperson of the Democratic National Committee, had emailed Chuck Todd, the Political Director of NBC News and host of Meet the Press, to demand that he "stop" Brzezinski from criticizing the DNC's treatment of Bernie Sanders. In December 2016, after Clinton had lost, Brzezinski suggested the Clinton campaign had tried to silence her by calling executives at NBC and telling them she "needed to be pulled off the air".

Refusal of Kellyanne Conway interviews
On February 15, 2017, Brzezinski banned Trump spokesperson Kellyanne Conway from future appearances on her show. Brzezinski said, "We know for a fact that [Conway] tries to book herself on this show. I won't do it. Because I don't believe in fake news, or information that is not true... every time I've ever seen her on television, something's askew, off or incorrect". Her co-host Joe Scarborough said the decision to ban Conway from future appearances was based on her being "out of the loop" and "in none of the key meetings". "She's not briefed. She's just saying things just to get in front of the TV to prove her relevance".

On February 15, 2017, Washington Post columnist Jennifer Rubin agreed that Conway should be banned from future television appearances. "In recent days, George Stephanopoulos and Matt Lauer blasted her directly, essentially calling her a fabulist. Given all that, it would be irresponsible for any news show to put her out there, suggesting she really does not know what is going on at any given moment", Rubin wrote. According to both Scarborough and Brzezinski, Conway is privately "disgusted" by her job and Donald Trump, and her words do not reflect her actual beliefs—though Conway disputed the claim.

Conflict with Donald Trump
During the 2016 presidential campaign, then-presidential candidate Donald Trump tweeted several times criticizing both Brzezinski and Scarborough. In March 2017, Brzezinski called Trump's presidency "fake and failed", and soon thereafter Trump unfollowed Brzezinski and Scarborough on Twitter.

In late June 2017, Brzezinski was again the target of Trump's tweets in which he called her "low I.Q. Crazy Mika" and asserted that she was "bleeding badly from a face-lift".

Brzezinski and Scarborough then accused the White House of threatening to blackmail them with an exposé in a tabloid magazine unless the pair apologized publicly to the President.

On May 20, 2020, while hosting Morning Joe, Brzezinski spoke out against Trump for tweeting a conspiracy theory that her husband was involved in the death of Lori Klausutis, an intern in Scarborough's Florida office in 2001, while he was in Congress. Trump labelled Klausutis' death a "cold case" in his tweet. Klausutis was found dead at her desk in July 2001. An autopsy revealed an undiagnosed heart problem that caused her to lose consciousness and hit her head when she fell. During a live segment on Morning Joe, Brzezinski stated "Donald, you're a sick person. You're a sick person, to put this [Klausutis'] family through this, to put her husband through this, to do this just because you're mad at Joe, because Joe got you again today. Because he speaks the truth, and he speaks plainly about your lack of interest and empathy in others and your lack of ability to handle this massive human catastrophe (COVID-19), the fact that you have made it worse and you make it worse every day. And that you won't even wear a mask to protect people from your germs". Brzezinski later announced in a tweet that she would be contacting Twitter about Trump's tweet, which she said violated their policies, and urged the platform to stop allowing their policies "to be abused by the day", citing Trump's tweet as libel, and further announced a call with the company was being arranged.

On May 26, 2020, The New York Times published an op-ed, containing a letter in which the husband of Lori Klausutis, Timothy Klausutis demanded Trump stop exploiting his late wife and urged Twitter to take down the tweets. Klausutis wrote to Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey asking him to intervene and claimed Trump has violated Twitter's terms of service and "has taken something that does not belong to him-the memory of my dead wife-and perverted it for perceived political gain". Later, the same day, Trump posted two tweets seemingly addressing the letter, writing: "The opening of a Cold Case against Psycho Joe Scarborough was not a Donald Trump original thought, this has been going on for years, long before I joined the chorus. In 2016 when Joe & his wacky future ex-wife, Mika, would endlessly interview me, I would always be thinking .... about whether or not Joe could have done such a horrible thing? [...]".

Controversies
In December 2017, Brzezinski complained on her show that women who had accused her friend and former colleague Mark Halperin of sexual harassment would not meet with him so he could apologize. Ten of Halperin's accusers released a statement criticizing Brzezinski's comments.

On December 12, 2018, Brzezinski called Trump's Secretary of State Mike Pompeo "a wannabe dictator's butt-boy", referring to Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, during a live MSNBC broadcast. She apologized later that day (as well as the next day) after her remarks were criticized as homophobic.

Personal life
On October 23, 1993, Brzezinski married TV news reporter James Patrick Hoffer, now of WABC-TV. They met when both worked at WTIC-TV. They have two daughters. Hoffer and Brzezinski divorced in 2016 amidst allegations of an affair that started years prior in 2010, between Brzezinski and Joe Scarborough.

In early 2017, Brzezinski became engaged to her co-host Joe Scarborough, and they were married on November 24, 2018, in Washington, D.C., with Rep. Elijah Cummings serving as the officiant.

Awards and honors
Brzezinski was selected for the inaugural 2021 Forbes 50 Over 50; made up of entrepreneurs, leaders, scientists and creators who are over the age of 50.

In August 2022, Brzezinski was awarded an honorary doctorate by SWPS University.

Works
In January 2010, Brzezinski published a memoir entitled All Things at Once. According to The New York Times, the book "follows Brzezinski through her professional chutes and ladders — the freelance gigs, the graveyard shifts, the drama (covering 9/11), the dreariness (puff segments on shoes) — the only constant being the precariousness of her employment". The News-Times says that Brzezinski uses "the roller-coaster model of her own career to advise people" who have become unemployed, which she sees as a "reset" that can be "cleansing and liberating in ways you never knew." Her inspiration for the book came in part from talking to young women who did not believe they could have kids before establishing a career.

Knowing Your Value: Women, Money and Getting What You're Worth, published in 2011, discusses women and financial negotiations. It includes tips for negotiating salaries and compensation packages. In 2018 this was revised, updated, and was released as Know Your Value. Her third book, Obsessed: America's Food Addiction and My Own, was published in 2012. In 2021, Forbes partnered with Brzezinski and her "Know Your Value" initiative, to shine a light on 50 diverse women over the age of 50 who have achieved significant success later in life, often by overcoming formidable odds or barriers.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mika Brzezinski


text:
Northern Thiladhunmathi Atoll

Haa Alif Atoll - officially referred as Thiladhunmathi Uthuruburi (Northern Thiladhunmathi Atoll) is the northernmost administrative division of the Maldives.

As the administrative division known as Haa Alif, it includes Ihavandhippolhu, the northernmost natural atoll of the Maldive archipelago, as well as a section of the larger Thiladhunmathi or Tiladummati Atoll. Thiladhunmathi was divided into its northern and southern divisions on May 21, 1958. The north division was integrated with Ihavandhippolhu forming administratively a new atoll called Haa Alif atoll or Thiladhumathi North. In total Haa Alif atoll contains 42 islands, 14 of which are inhabited. There are three tourist resorts in the atoll. North Thiladhunmath is third largest atoll in the Maldives in terms of population and land area.

The atoll being at the north tip of the Maldives is the closest to Sri Lanka and India.

Northern Thiladhunmathi Atoll contains 42 islands, 16 of which are inhabited.

NOTE: ''Haa Alifu, Haa Dhaalu, Shaviyani, Noonu, Raa, Baa, Kaafu, etc. are code letters assigned to the present administrative divisions of the Maldives. They are not the proper names of the natural atolls that make up these divisions. Some atolls are divided into two administrative divisions while other divisions are made up of two or more natural atolls. The order followed by the code letters is from North to South, beginning with the first letters of the Thaana alphabet used in Dhivehi. These code letters are not accurate from the geographical and cultural point of view. However, they have become popular among tourists and foreigners in the Maldives who find them easier to pronounce than the true atoll names in Dhivehi, (save a few exceptions, like Ari Atoll).''

History
In Matheerah there is a famous shrine (ziyaraiy, mausoleum) which was visited formerly by the Maldive kings and their families in order to seek blessings. Such tomb visits are aspects of Sufism that existed among the Maldivians until very recent times. Hence this island was referred to with the honorific title Matheerahffulhu (High (noble) Island) by the Sufi Muslims of the Maldives at that time.

Traditionally the northernmost atoll of the Maldives was Minicoy (Maliku). Fishermen from Thuraakunu and from Minicoy often crossed the Maliku Kandu on their boats to visit each other's islands. Marriage alliances were common. Now Minicoy is a part of India and communication is highly restricted.

title: Northern Thiladhunmathi Atoll


text: User talk:69.209.163.195

title: User talk:69.209.163.195


text:
Talk:List of people from Sheffield

John Sherwood
What about John Sherwood ? Olympic Games bronze medallist. He was sports master at Firth Park grammar school in the late sixties when my brother was there, don't know if he was born in Sheffield or if he lived within the City boundary. Anybody know if he qualifies for this list ? . Regards Mick Knapton 20:59, 20 February 2006 (UTC)
 * To expand the quote from Sebastian Coe that is in the John Sherwood article: "When I was 12 about the same age as Amber I was marched into a large school hall with my classmates. We sat in front of an ancient, black and white TV and watched grainy pictures from the Mexico Olympic Games. Two athletes from our home town were competing. John Sherwood won a bronze medal in the 400m hurdles.  His wife Sheila just narrowly missed gold in the long jump." This suggests that you are correct that John Sherwood was a resident of Sheffield, this is further backed up by the fact that the article on his son David Sherwood gives Sheffield as his birthplace.   JeremyA

Walk of Fame
Could we mention inductees to the walk of fame (Sheffield Legends)? Maybe that page would be best merged with this one? Rednaxela 22:25, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

Born or Resident ?

 * Would it be an idea to split into two Columns, with the People born in Sheffield in one and Residents in the other for each section ?
 * Alternative would be to mark each entry with a say a B or R tag to differentiate each articles classification.

Discussion and any comments please - BulldozerD11 (talk) 19:16, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

 * People who were born here are in bold. josh (talk) 20:07, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

Entry criteria
The entry for "Matloub Husayn-Ali-Khan" has been deleted by various editors for the following reasons;
 * Page criteria for an entry is not met;
 * Notability - An entry in the star newspaper does not mean notability
 * No wiki entry - exists for person

Please read the rules on WP:Bio for biographies of living people, if creating a page, as if it does not meet criteria it could be deleted.

Thank you for attaching a reference to the entry. Wikipedia is an Encyclopedia and subject matter is not generally local news related. Sorry - BulldozerD11 (talk) 22:11, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

Owen Aaronovitch
The wiki article on this fellow doesn't mention sheffield??! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.242.205.246 (talk • contribs)
 * I'm having trouble locating a reliable source, but a google search reveals plenty of web pages that say that he lives in Sheffield. —Jeremy (talk) 15:40, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:List of people from Sheffield


text: File:Xiuxiu-chapelofthechimes.jpg

title: File:Xiuxiu-chapelofthechimes.jpg


text:
User talk:MBisanz

Hi, This is just my talk page, feel free to leave any advice on my edits or ask for help on anything. If you feel I've abused my administrative or BAG powers, please see User:MBisanz/Recall for further instructions to request their removal.

Merry Christmas!

CAPTAIN RAJU (T) is wishing you a Merry Christmas! This greeting (and season) promotes WikiLove and hopefully this note has made your day a little better. Spread the WikiLove by wishing another user a Merry Christmas, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past, a good friend, or just some random person. Happy New Year!

Spread the cheer by adding {{subst:Xmas2}} to their talk page with a friendly message.

BAG membership
Hello. You are listed as a member of the Bot Approvals Group but it appears you may not be actively helping in this area anymore. Do you intend to return to BAG-related activity on Wikipedia, or are you happy to be removed from this list? — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 13:00, 14 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Just to let you know that I have now removed your name from the list of active BAG members. Thanks and best wishes — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 15:30, 10 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks for letting me know. I probably won’t be active in BAG any time soon.  MBisanz  talk 02:27, 13 February 2024 (UTC)

Request for Undeletion - Kingsley's Chicken
Hi MBisanz. Back in 2016 you closed off an RfD here about this local take-away chain. Since then, there have been numerous news articles involving the chain, including |this one in a multinational publication, an explosion in one of their stores, and inclusions in lists of "Australia's Best hot chips" by nationally syndicated broadcasters. I'd like to request undeletion so I can add new information and references to demonstrate notability. If you feel it's more appropriate given the contentious deletion history, perhaps it could be userfied and I will make the changes and run it through an AfC process. Thanks! Dfadden (talk) 23:43, 20 April 2024 (UTC)

Nomination of Wilber F. Breslin Center for Real Estate Studies for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Wilber F. Breslin Center for Real Estate Studies is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Wilber F. Breslin Center for Real Estate Studies until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Variety312 (talk) 23:13, 17 June 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:MBisanz


text:
Bona fide purchaser

A bona fide purchaser (BFP) – referred to more completely as a bona fide purchaser for value without notice – is a term used predominantly in common law jurisdictions in the law of real property and personal property to refer to an innocent party who purchases property without notice of any other party's claim to the title of that property. A BFP must purchase for value, meaning that they must pay for the property rather than simply be the beneficiary of a gift. Even when a party fraudulently conveys property to a BFP (for example, by selling to the BFP property that has already been conveyed to someone else), that BFP will, depending on the laws of the relevant jurisdiction, take good (valid) title to the property despite the competing claims of the other party. As such, an owner publicly recording their own interests (which in some types of property must be on a court-recognised Register) protects themselves from losing those to an indirect buyer, such as a qualifying buyer from a thief, who qualifies as a BFP. Moreover, so-called "race-notice" jurisdictions require the BFP to record (depending on the type of property by public notice or applying for registration) to enforce their rights. In any case, parties with a claim to ownership of the property will retain a cause of action (a right to sue) against the party who made the fraudulent conveyance.

In England and Wales and other jurisdictions following the 20th century oft-repeated precedent, the BFP will not be bound by equitable interests of which they do not have actual, constructive, or imputed notice, as long as they have made "such inspections as ought reasonably to have been made".

BFPs are also sometimes referred to as "equity's darling". However, jurist Hackney explains that the portrayal is inaccurate. In cases where legal title is passed to a bona fide purchaser for value without notice, equity does not show the purchaser any great affection in accepting the transfer. Rather, it recognises that it has no jurisdiction over the question of legal title, which belongs to the common law. The relationship between the courts of equity and the BFP is at root characterised as, geared toward the BFP, with benign neglect of the old owner(s). However, equity allows a proven BFP to claim for a full legal conveyance from former legal owner, failing which the court itself will convey title.

In the United States, the patent law codifies the bona fide purchaser rule,. Unlike the common law, the statute cuts off both equitable and legal claims to the title.

title: Bona fide purchaser


text:
A-Tisket, A-Tasket

"A-Tisket, A-Tasket" (Roud Folk Song Index 13188) is a nursery rhyme first recorded in America in the late 19th century. The melody to which the nursery rhyme is sung recurs in other nursery rhymes including "It's Raining, It's Pouring"; "Rain Rain Go Away" and "Ring around the Rosie". It was further used as the basis for a successful 1938 recording by Ella Fitzgerald, composed by Fitzgerald in conjunction with Al Feldman (later known as Van Alexander).

Traditional lyrics
The rhyme was first noted in the United States in 1879 as a children's rhyming game. It was sung while children danced in a circle. One of the number ran on the outside of the circle and dropped a handkerchief. The nearest child would then pick it up and chase the dropper. If caught, the dropper either was kissed, joined the circle, or had to tell the name of their sweetheart. An early noted version had the lyrics:

 * A-tisket a-tasket
 * A green and yellow basket
 * I wrote a letter to my friend
 * And on the way I dropped it,
 * I dropped it, I dropped it,
 * And on the way I dropped it.
 * A little boy he picked it up
 * And put it in his pocket.

In some variants, the second line is "I lost my yellow basket". In other variants, the last line is "A little girl she picked it up and put it in her pocket".

In 19th century England, the rhyme used in the same game had somewhat different but evidently related words:

 * I lost my supper, last night,
 * And the night before,
 * And if I do this night,
 * I never will no more.
 * I sent a letter to my love,
 * I carried water in my glove,
 * And by the way I dropped it, I did so, I did so:
 * I had a little dog that said bow-wow!
 * I had a little cat that said meow-meow!
 * Shan't bite you, shan't bite you,
 * Shall bite you.
 * I dropt it, I dropt it,
 * And by the way I lost it.

Lyrics by Ella Fitzgerald
Ella Fitzgerald and Al Feldman (later known as Van Alexander), extended and embellished the rhyme into a jazz piece that was her breakthrough hit with the Chick Webb Orchestra in 1938. It has since become a jazz standard. The lyrics changed the color of the basket to brown and yellow. In Fitzgerald's version a little girl picks up the note and then takes the basket after it is carelessly left on the ground. A follow-up song written by Fitzgerald and Webb entitled "I Found My Yellow Basket" (1938) was less successful.

As a recording
The song was a major hit of the "pre-chart" era, reaching number one in Billboard's sheet music and Record Buying Guide (jukebox) charts, also number 1 on Your Hit Parade.

The song was included in Hayley Mills' 1961 album Let's Get Together with Hayley Mills titled "Green and Yellow Basket", with extra verses describing how the dropper felt about losing the letter.

Bing Crosby included the song in a medley on his album On the Happy Side (1962).

Lines from the song have been mentioned by Stevie Ray Vaughan, Prince, Half Man Half Biscuit, Ganksta N-I-P, The Shangri-Las, Scarface, Richie Rich, Eminem, Madonna, and Boondox.

Nabisco did a take-off of the song for its advertisement campaign in the 1970s, with the lyrics "A Triscuit, A Triscuit, Baked only by Nabisco".

In movies
The song was used in the opening of the movie The Cowboy and the Lady (1938), but was not credited. Parts of it were played by an orchestra, used as background music, and sung by Harry Davenport.

Curly Howard recites a paraphrase of the (non-musical) rhyme in the Three Stooges short We Want Our Mummy (1939).

The music for the song was used in the opening scene of John Ford's 1940 film The Grapes of Wrath to help establish the contemporary time frame of the events of the film.

Fitzgerald performed the song in the Abbott and Costello film Ride 'Em Cowboy (1942).

A rendition of the song was also performed in the Paul Thomas Anderson movie The Master (2012).

In video games
The song "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" was used as the song for Playtime in the 2018 horror game Baldi's Basics. It plays on a loop everytime when the aforementioned character is near the player.

Literary references
The Fitzgerald song and its follow up (in which the Yellow Basket is found) feature centrally in Ali Smith's 2008 short story, The Second Person.

title: A-Tisket, A-Tasket


text: User talk:68.96.193.153

title: User talk:68.96.193.153


text:
Akers' clasp

An Akers' clasp is the classic direct retainer for removable partial dentures. Named after its inventor, Polk E. Akers, this suprabulge clasp consists of a rest, a guide plate, a retentive arm and a reciprocal arm. Akers' clasps, as a rule, face away from an edentulous area. Should they face the edentulous area, they are termed reverse Akers' clasps.

It is the most simple and versatile clasp (clasp of choice in tooth-borne cases). Clasp assembly has one retentive arm opposed by a reciprocal arm originating from the rest. The retentive arm begins above the height of contour, and curves and tapers to its terminal tip, in the gingival 1/3 of the tooth, well away from the gingiva. The bracing arm is in the middle 1/3 of the tooth, and is broader occluso-gingivally, does not taper and is either entirely above the height of contour or completely on a prepared guiding plane – it should never be designed into an undercut, as it is a rigid element.

title: Akers' clasp


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/ANTI-HERO

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sasquatch ↔讲↔看 05:35, August 4, 2005 (UTC)

ANTI-HERO
Delete Shameless vanity plug of new band (less than a year) drini ☎ 04:07, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Band vanity. -- Antaeus Feldspar 04:46, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not Notable. Yet. I'm from the same town, and I've never heard of them or seen their posters. Hamster Sandwich 04:59, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. blatant self-promotion. --Madchester 05:25, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as the worst band vanity I have ever seen on this site. This is beyond acceptable. - Lucky 6.9 06:19, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I had an edit conflict with Lucky and I was actually gonna write "I've never seen such terrible band vanity" on the page... Redwolf24 06:18, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * LOL! Great minds really do think alke! - Lucky 6.9 17:52, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN/Band vanity. --Ragib 07:10, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as band vanity. --Several Times 14:33, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn band vanity. Horrible. --  Etacar11   00:18, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, this is clearly self-promotion. IINAG 19:56, July 25, 2005 (GMT)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Estoppel by deed

Estoppel is a common law doctrine which, when it applies, prevents a litigant from denying the truth of what was said or done. The doctrine of estoppel by deed (also known as after-acquired title) is a particular estoppel doctrine in the context of real property transfers. Under the doctrine, the grantor of a deed (generally the seller of a piece of real property) is estopped (barred) from denying the truth of the deed. The doctrine may only be invoked in a suit arising out of the deed, or involving a particular right arising out of the deed.

While rooted in warranty deeds, estoppel by deed has been extended to affect quitclaim deeds if the deed represents that the grantor actually had title.

Examples
1. If O conveys property she doesn't own to A by warranty deed, but O later acquires title to that land, then title immediately passes to A.

2. However, if, as above, O conveys property she doesn't own to A by warranty deed, but O later acquires title to that land, A may elect to treat O's lack of title at the time of the conveyance as a breach of the covenants of seisin and right to convey (two of the six traditional forms of Covenants for Title that are contained in a general warranty deed), and sue O for damages. A cannot be forced to accept O's after-acquired title if she wishes instead to receive damages.

3. If O conveys property she doesn't own to A by quitclaim deed, but O later acquires title to that land, then A owns nothing. This is because O passed her interest to A with a quitclaim deed; at the time of the conveyance, O's interest was nothing, so she passed nothing.

title: Estoppel by deed


text:
Metal clay

Metal clay is a crafting medium consisting of very small particles of metal such as silver, gold, bronze, or copper mixed with an organic binder and water for use in making jewelry, beads and small sculptures. Originating in Japan in 1990, metal clay can be shaped just like any soft clay, by hand or using molds. After drying, the clay can be fired in a variety of ways such as in a kiln, with a handheld gas torch, or on a gas stove, depending on the type of clay and the metal in it. The binder burns away, leaving the pure sintered metal. Shrinkage of between 8% and 30% occurs (depending on the product used). Alloys such as bronze, sterling silver, and steel also are available.

History
Metal clay first came out in Japan in 1990 to allow craft jewelry makers to make sophisticated looking jewelry without the years of study needed to make fine jewelry.

Silver metal clay
Fine silver metal clay results in objects containing 99.9% pure silver, which is suitable for enameling. Lump metal clay is sold in sealed packets to keep it moist and workable. The silver versions are also available as a softer paste in a pre-filled syringe which can be used to produce extruded forms, in small jars of slip and as paper-like sheets, from which most of the moisture has been removed. The oldest brand of silver metal clay currently available is Art Clay Silver (ACS). The newest is Project X by ClayRevolution.com (CR).

Another available alloy, EZ960 Sterling Silver Metal Clay was invented by Bill Struve from Metal Adventures, the inventor of BRONZclay™ and COPPRclay™. Because the clay is a sterling silver alloy, one of its best attributes is its post firing strength, in comparison to fine silver. This clay is fired open shelf on a raised hard ceramic kiln shelf at 913 °C for 2 hours, full ramp. No carbon required. Its shrinkage rate is smaller than other clays, at 10–11%. CoolTools.us now own the rights to both EZ960 sterling and EZ999 fine silver clays.

Precious Metal Clay (PMC)
PMC was developed in the early 1990s in Japan by metallurgist Masaki Morikawa. As a solid-phase sintered product of a precious metal powder used to form a precious metal article, the material consists of microscopic particles of pure silver or fine gold and a water-soluble, non-toxic, organic binder that burns off during firing. Success was first achieved with gold and later duplicated with silver. The PMC brand includes the following products: Mitsubishi discontinued all PMC production in 2023.
 * The original formula of PMC, now called "standard": fired at 900 °C for 2 hours, shrinks by 30% during firing.
 * PMC+ & PMCflex: fired at 900 °C for 10 minutes or 800 °C for 30 minutes; shrinks 15%, due to a particle size reduction. PMC+ is also available in sheet form which can be worked like paper; for example, for origami.
 * PMC3: fired at 599 °C for 45 minutes or 699 °C for 10 minutes; shrinks by 10%. It can also be fired using a butane torch by heating it to orange heat for at least 2 minutes. It has a longer working life than the older formulations. It is also available in slip and paste forms which can be painted onto the surface of an object to be used as a mold.
 * Aura 22: a 22-carat gilding material, a gold paste intended to be painted onto the surface of silver PMC pieces, or ready-made silver objects.
 * PMC Pro: a harder product which is only 0.900 fineness silver, hence it cannot be hallmarked as sterling silver. It also requires kiln firing in a tub of activated carbon for 1 hour at 760 °C.
 * PMC Sterling: is fired at 815 °C and shrinks by 10–20%. Because of the copper content in this formula, firing is a two-step process; step one is an open-shelf firing and step two requires a firing pan with activated carbon media.

Art Clay Silver (ACS)
ACS was developed by AIDA Chemical Industries, also a Japanese company. ACS followed PMC Standard with their Art Clay Original clay which allows the user to fire with a handheld torch or on a gas hob. Owing to subtle differences in the binder and suggested firing times, this clay shrinks less than the PMC versions, approximately 8–10%.

Further developments introduced the Art Clay Slow Dry, a clay with a longer working time. Art Clay 650 and Art Clay 650 Slow Dry soon followed; both clays can be fired at 650 °C, allowing the user to combine the clay with glass and sterling silver, which are affected negatively by the higher temperatures needed to fire the first generation clays. AIDA also manufacturers Oil Paste, a product used only on fired metal clay or milled fine silver, and Overlay Paste, which is designed for drawing designs on glass and porcelain.

In 2006 AIDA introduced the Art Clay Gold Paste, a more economical way to work with gold. The paste is painted onto the fired silver clay, then refired in a kiln, or with a torch or gas stove. When fired, it bonds with the silver, giving a 22-carat gold accent. The same year also saw Art Clay Slow Tarnish introduced, a clay that tarnishes less rapidly than the other metal clays.

Base metal clays
Lump metal clay in bronze was introduced in 2008 by Metal Adventures Inc. (MA) and in 2009 by Prometheus. Lump metal clays in copper were introduced in 2009 by Metal Adventures Inc. and Aida. Because of the lower cost, the bronze and copper metal clays are used by artists more often than the gold and silver metal clays in the American market place. The actual creation time of a bronze or copper piece is also far greater than that of its silver counterpart. Base metal clays, such as bronze, copper, and steel metal clays are best fired in the absence of oxygen to eliminate the oxidation of the metal by atmospheric oxygen. A means to accomplish this –- to place the pieces in activated carbon inside a container – was discovered and developed by Bill Struve. RioGrande.com owns the rights to BRONZclay (Original and FastFire), COPPRclay and any other (MA) base metal clays. Rio has discontinued production.

Powders
Metal clays are also available as dry powders to which water is added to hydrate and kneaded to attain a clay consistency. One advantage to the powders is their unlimited shelf life. The first silver clay in powder form was released in 2006 as Silver Smiths' Metal Clay Powder. In the following years base metal clays by Hadar Jacobson and Goldie World released several variation containing copper, brass, and even steel.

Firing methods
Metal clay can be fired by a variety of methods. The three most common are:

 * Electric kiln- Kilns designed for metal clay are programmable and easy to use. All clay types can be fired by this method.  This is the only way paper type and copper clays can be fired.
 * Stove top- Either natural or bottled gas can be used, provided it reaches the temperature necessary to sinter. Color of the piece determines the firing time.
 * Torch- Any type of hand-held torch will work as long as it is hot enough to sinter the metal. Color determines firing time.

title: Metal clay


text:
Ill Na Na

Ill Na Na is the debut studio album by American rapper Foxy Brown. It was released by Def Jam Recordings on November 19, 1996, and reissued on September 29, 1997, in the UK with an additional song "Big Bad Mamma". Brown began working on the album after being discovered by the production team Trackmasters and appearing on a number of singles by other artists, such as LL Cool J, Case and Jay Z. The immediate success of the singles led to a bidding war at the beginning of 1996, and in March, Def Jam Recordings won and signed the then 17-year-old rapper to the label. Mostly produced by Trackmasters, Ill Na Na features guest appearances from Blackstreet, Havoc, Method Man, Kid Capri and Jay Z. Lyrically, the album mainly focuses on themes of fashion, sex and mafia.

Ill Na Na debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 with 128,000 copies sold in its first week. It has sold over a 1.4 million copies and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The album also includes other certifications such as; Gold in Music Canada (MC) for selling over 50,000 and Silver in British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for selling over 60,000.

Three singles were released from the album. "Get Me Home" was released on September 15, 1996. It peaked at number 42 on the Billboard Radio Songs chart. The second single, "I'll Be", also noted a commercial success, was released on March 4, 1997. It peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Brown's highest charting single. The song was ranked number 52 on VH1's 100 Greatest Hip-Hop Songs. Another song, "Big Bad Mamma" was released July 28, 1997, and was featured on the soundtrack to the film How to Be a Player (1997). Though not released on the original album, it was added to the European reissue in 1997. It peaked at number 53 on the Billboard Hot 100.

The album pushed and broke boundaries for female rappers. It became the first female rap album to debut in the top 10 of the Billboard 200, the first female rap album to have certified plaques outside the U.S., and highest selling and fastest female rap album of 1996 to go Platinum within 2.7 months.

Background and recording
Between 1995 and 1996, Brown went into the recording studio to record her debut studio album, originally set to be released in October 1996. The album featured guest appearances by Blackstreet, Havoc, Method Man, Kid Capri, and Jay-Z with a majority of the production by the Trackmasters. Ill Na Na produced two hit singles, "Get Me Home" featuring Blackstreet, and "I'll Be" featuring Jay-Z. Ill Na Na was re-released in 1997. The song "I'll Be" was ranked number 52 on VH1's "100 Greatest Hip-Hop Songs" list in 2008.

Singles
"Get Me Home" is the first single from Ill Na Na. The song peaked at number 42 on the U.S. Billboard Radio Songs charts and number 10 on the U.S. Billboard R&B charts.

"I'll Be" is the second single released from Ill Na Na, produced by the Trackmasters and featuring Jay-Z. Released on March 4, 1997, "I'll Be" quickly became a hit, peaking at 7 on the Billboard Hot 100, at the time becoming both Foxy Brown and Jay-Z's highest charting single. Two months after its release on May 2, "I'll Be" was certified gold by the RIAA for sales of over 500,000 copies. To date it remains Foxy Brown's only song to earn a certification.

"Big Bad Mamma" is the final single on the Ill Na Na, performed by American rapper Foxy Brown and American R&B group Dru Hill and from the soundtrack to the 1997 film, How to Be a Player. The song also appeared on the re-issue of Ill Na Na. The song, which was produced by the Trackmasters and based around an interpolation of Carl Carlton's "She's a Bad Mama Jama", became a semi-successful hit, peaking at 53 on the Billboard Hot 100, Foxy's second highest charting single as a solo artist. The single was released with the then reunited EPMD's "Never Seen Before" as the B-side.

Commercial performance
In the United States, Ill Na Na debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200 and at number two on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, selling 128,000 copies in its first week, and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) within three months of its release. According to Nielsen SoundScan, the album has sold over 1,450,834 copies in the United States. In Canada, it was certified gold by the Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA). In the United Kingdom, it debuted at number 98 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). Worldwide, the album sold over 7 million copies to date.

Critical reception
USA Today wrote: "While she spends too much time on interludes about her crew, Brown rhymes smoothly on everything from raw sex to the glamorous life."

Track listing
Sample credits
 * "Intro...Chicken Coop" contains a sample of "I Want to Make Love to You So Bad" performed by Isaac Hayes. Also contains interpolations of Just Another Case performed by Cru & "Dead Man Walking" by Cormega.
 * "(Holy Matrimony) Letter to The Firm" contains samples of "Ike's Mood" performed by Isaac Hayes and "I Love You" by Mary J. Blige.
 * "Foxy's Bells" contains a sample of "Rock the Bells" performed by LL Cool J.
 * "Get Me Home" contains a sample of "Gotta Get You Home Tonight" performed by Eugene Wilde.
 * "If I..." contains a sample of "Any Love" performed by Luther Vandross.
 * "Ill Na Na" contains a sample of "Brick House" performed by Commodores.
 * "No One's" contains a sample of "No One's Gonna Love You" performed by SOS Band.
 * "I'll Be" contains a sample of "I'll Be Good" performed by René & Angela.
 * "Outro" contains a sample of "I Want to Make Love to You So Bad" performed by Isaac Hayes.

Notes
 * Some enhanced editions of the album include the music videos for "I'll Be" & "Get Me Home" as tracks fifteen and sixteen.

Personnel
Adapted from the Ill Na Na liner notes.

 * Executive Producers: Chris Lighty, Steve Stoute and Trackmasters
 * A&R Direction: Chris Lighty and David Lighty
 * Mastering: Tom Coyne
 * Art Direction and Design: Drawing Board Design
 * Photography: Michael Levine

title: Ill Na Na


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User:JDoorjam

In case you're curious what adminship is like, this game is surprisingly realistic.

title: User:JDoorjam


text:
Sylvia Poggioli

Sylvia Poggioli (, ; born 19 May 1946) is a retired American radio reporter best known for her work with National Public Radio. She was the network's longtime senior European correspondent.

Early life
Poggioli was born in Providence, Rhode Island, and raised in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where she attended the Buckingham School (now Buckingham Browne & Nichols). She graduated from Harvard College in 1968. She did post-graduate work at the University of Rome as a Fulbright Scholar. The selection of Rome was no coincidence, as she is the daughter of Italian anti-fascists who in the 1930s were forced to flee Italy under Mussolini. Her father, Renato Poggioli, was the author of The Theory of the Avant-Garde and one of the founders of the anti-fascist Mazzini Society.

Career
In 1971, Poggioli began working for Ansa, the Italian news service, at their English desk. She made her debut on NPR on September 4, 1982. She continued serving both Ansa and NPR for four years before leaving Ansa in 1986.

Poggioli eventually rose to European correspondent for NPR. Her radio career was interrupted in 1990 when she spent a year as a research fellow at Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University.

Poggioli was in London, gathering European reaction, during the 1991 Gulf War. Later, she was lauded for her coverage of the war among the Bosnians, Serbs, and Croats. For her coverage, she won the George Foster Peabody Award in 1993. In 1993, she also won the Weintal Prize for Diplomatic Reporting.

In 2005 Poggioli was the featured reporter for the funeral of Pope John Paul II and subsequent conclave.

Poggioli became a favorite reporter of the Magliozzi Brothers on Car Talk, possibly on account of their common Italian ancestry. They featured her name in a dish on a tongue-in-cheek NPR staff menu, as Sylvia Poggioli Ravioli. Her name has also been featured in the absurdist comic strip Zippy the Pinhead.

In 2000, Poggioli received an honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Brandeis University. In 2006, she received an honorary degree from the University of Massachusetts at Boston.

In March 2023, NPR announced her retirement, effective at the end of the month. In retirement, she plans to write a biography about her father.

Personal life
Poggioli resides in Rome, Italy. Her husband, Piero Benetazzo, a 1982 Nieman Fellow, died January 11, 2015, at home in Rome 13 months after he was diagnosed with a brain tumor. He was 78.

title: Sylvia Poggioli


text: File:Loudenupnowcover.jpg

title: File:Loudenupnowcover.jpg


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User:Shackleton

Current Project(s)

 * List of Soul Calibur Characters

Interests

 * Anthropology

 * Film

 * Music

 * Sociology
 * Video Games

 * Weaponry

 * World History
 * particularly Chinese, Japanese and Russian History

To be honest, I really don't feel like I owe any additional explanation.

title: User:Shackleton


text:
User talk:HarryMetcalfe

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

3RR and Vandalism of Peltier-Seebeck effect
I appreciate what you're trying to do with the vandalism of the Peltier-Seebeck effect article, but watch out for that three revision rule! I'll give you a hand with it, but I'm a n00b myself. Any ideas on how to blow the whistle on the vandals? --InformationalAnarchist 04:14, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:HarryMetcalfe


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Talk:Huayna Potosí

Eponym
Like most articles about mountains, this one is written from a mountain climber's point of view. I'd like to see some cultural issues discussed. What does the mountain's name mean? Does it have any geographical significance? Do its glaciers feed any rivers or reservoirs? —MiguelMunoz (talk) 09:38, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

No factual basis or citation for height quibble
I removed the following statement.

 * The actual height of the mountain is subject of discussion. The official height is 6088m but almost all who summit report a height around 6110m.

There are several problems with it. First, no mention is given of who reported these different heights or how they measured it. Even measurements with GPS can be off by more than 20 meters. Second, there's no supporting citation for the claim. In other words, it's hearsay. Despite my concerns, I would have let it be, if there was a citation supporting the claim. -- KarlHallowell (talk) 21:15, 29 March 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Huayna Potosí


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User talk:CaptainFecehead

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia.

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia.

title: User talk:CaptainFecehead


text: User talk:ALLWOMAN

title: User talk:ALLWOMAN