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Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck

Peter August Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (7 December 1697 – 22 March 1775) was a Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck.

Early life
Born in Königsberg, Duchy of Prussia, as the fifth and youngest son of Frederick Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck and his wife, Duchess Louise Charlotte of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1658-1740). He was named after the Russian tsar Peter the Great, who stood by proxy as his godfather after Duke Frederick asked him to do so. It was one of the first family ties established between the Eastern Orthodox Romanov dynasty and Protestant rulers of Europe, predating the German marriages of Peter's own children and nieces.

Army career
Peter August became Governor General of Reval (Tallinn), Governor of Estonia, and a Field Marshal in the Russian Imperial Army. He died in Reval, Russian Empire.

Biography
He was only the titular duke, because he did not inherit the domain of Haus Beck. It had been inherited by his father's older brother, Duke August (1652–1689), and nephew Frederick William I (1682–1719), and was then sold by the latter's widow to Peter August's older brother, Duke Frederick William II (1687–1749), in 1732. But he re-sold it in 1745 to Baroness Magdalena Dorothea von Ledebur-Königsbrück (d. 1750). Thus, by the time that Peter August became the head of this cadet branch of the Danish royal dynasty, he was "Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck" in name only.

He is the male line ancestor of Margrethe II of Denmark, Harald V of Norway, and Charles III of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth realms.

Marriage and issue
Peter August married Princess Sophie of Hesse-Philippsthal (1695-1728), the daughter of Philip, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal and his wife, Countess Katharina Amalie of Solms-Laubach (1654-1736), at Rinteln on 5 September 1723. Sophie died on 8 May 1728 at age thirty-three. Peter August and Sophie had two sons and one daughter:
 * Prince Karl of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (October 1724 – March 1726).
 * Princess Ulrike Amelie Wilhelmine of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (20 May 1726 – died shortly after).
 * Prince Karl Anton August of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (10 August 1727 – 12 September 1759).

He married secondly Countess Natalia Nikolaievna Golovina (1724-1767), granddaughter of Count Fyodor Golovin, daughter of Count Nicholas Fedorovich Golovin (1695-1745) and his wife, Sophie Pushkina (1700-1745), on 15 March 1742. The couple had two sons and one daughter:
 * Prince Peter of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (1 February 1743 – 3 January 1751).
 * Prince Alexander of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (born and died 1744).
 * Princess Catherine of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (23 February 1750 – 10 December 1811); married Prince Ivan Sergeevich Baryatinsky (d. 1811); grandmother of Russian field marshal Prince Aleksandr Baryatinsky and Princess Leonilla of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn.


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Julius Jacobson

Julius Jacobson (1922 – March 8, 2003) was an American socialist writer and editor who edited Anvil, New International, and New Politics, all publications in the Third Camp tradition of socialism, a democratic Marxist tradition sometimes called "Shachtmanite" after its significant theorist, Max Shachtman.

Biography
Jacobson came from an East European Jewish immigrant family in New York City. The family was politically leftist and he was politically active at a very young age, first joining the Communist Party's Young Communist League, but soon leaving that group for the Young People's Socialist League of the Socialist Party of America, where he became a Trotskyist and met his wife Phyllis Jacobson.

Drafted into military service during World War II, he saw combat in Europe and participated in the liberation of Paris. While in Europe, he participated in contact between European and American Trotskyists.

An early ally of Max Shachtman and Hal Draper, he followed them out of the Socialist Workers Party and with them was one of the founding members of the Workers Party, later known as the Independent Socialist League, eventually becoming editor of its journal New International.

Like Hal Draper, Jacobson was opposed to the merger of the ISL into the Socialist Party of America and to Shachtman's drift toward the right politically. Unlike Draper, he did not turn his energies toward creating a new socialist group, but rather into the creation of an independent journal, New Politics, in 1961, together with Phyllis Jacobson. He remained active as a writer and editor of New Politics up until his death in 2003.

In addition to his work published in Anvil, New International and New Politics, Jacobson contributed to the following books: ''[https://archive.org/details/cpusahowecoser The American Communist Party. A critical history, 1919-1957] (pub 1957 with Irving Howe and Lewis Coser), The Negro and the American Labor Movement (1968), Soviet Communism and the Socialist Vision (1972) and Socialist Perspectives'' (1983, with Phyllis Jacobson).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Julius Jacobson


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Boxhouse

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Grutness...  wha?  08:57, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Boxhouse
Twelve word orphaned dead-end stub about a town, that doesn't give any indication of where it is. Googling Boxhouse + town gives 34 hits, none of which are about a town called Boxhouse. Unless someone can find out enough to expand this, it should go behind the door with the wardrobe to be sneaked out in the morning (bonus points for spotting that reference!). Grutness...  wha?  06:45, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I too failed to find any relevant information. --Bhadani 15:05, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. The user (and others around 65.54.97.XXX) is a vandal. — Fingers-of-Pyrex 15:29, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, hoax/unverifiable. Dcarrano 16:15, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 07:29, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/IT'em

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. And for the record, I hate socks. Redwolf24 00:16, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

IT'em

 * Delete. Non-notable vanity page for a secondary school's computer team. Created three days ago perhaps during summer vacation. All contribs come from vandalizing range of ip's from the Singapore Ministry of Education, as well as 166* and 165* ip rages. Most likely all from the Ministry of Education. Hope you're enjoying the exposure boys. --Muchosucko 06:45, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I'm not from the MOE but I am an insider. I made the last major edit and before that I would have voted delete, but other than that I think this page will have a fair bit of value in the not-so-distant future as the club is gaining prominence on the school and national level and working hard to make its web presence felt (although its web exploits are on hiatus at the moment, will most likely resume by the end of the year). Not during summer vacation either, summer vacation ended three and a half weeks ago. -P
 * ( above comment was edited by 165.21.154.114 --Tokek 16:53, 25 July 2005 (UTC) )

 * Keep. I'm an insider. And I can see that we're moving ahead. Thus I do not agree that this page is vain. - Xeon

 * ( above comment was edited by 165.21.154.114, 165.21.154.110, 165.21.154.116, and Phantompong's first edit. --Tokek 16:53, 25 July 2005 (UTC) )

 * Keep. The page should stay because the club has a very unique culture. Coupled with its rise in recent yeaes, it warrants a mention at least at the national level. --In Green 11:55, 20 July 2005 (SGT)
 * Nota Bene -- Above three votes possibly made by one person. The three contribs to the vote page come from the 165* ip range and from sockpuppet-ish accounts. Suggest merge to Computer club article or delete completely. Most recent outbound |DHS link to the club's web-page is now dead.--Muchosucko 00:56, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The webpage isn't dead, it was linked incorrectly. Remove the pipelink: DHS link --Tokek 16:56, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * PS. We are from the same ISP, not the same person.* - Xeon
 * All three IPs are contributing to the same articles, including articles on football, IT'em, homosexuality in Singapore, and Kirby. What are the chances that three different people who have very similar interests are in the same IP range casting 2 keep votes? —Tokek 17:40, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

One last thing, if you are looking at 165.21.154.114, give it up. P helped edited my english. Did i answer any question of yours regarding why IPs happen to be the same? -Xeon
 * I repeat, we are not the same person. Anyway, you might want to check out Singapore's population and how many users does SingNet, our ISP, serves. Or I might as well tell you. The amount of users is high. AFAIK, i have not visited any of those 3 other topics you claimed my friends and I, (or according to you, I only) have contributed to. One last thing, if you are looking at our IP, stop it. Cause we are using dynamic ones. And for the IP range, have fun accusing.
 * Troll. Frankchn 15:20, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Vanity (reason changed) Frankchn 15:20, 7 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity, 200% nn. Sdedeo 12:40, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep . Yosri 12:57, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete without even looking at the article, because of the sock puppets. — J I P | Talk 13:03, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete - no claim to notability. Dunc|☺ 13:36, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity and nn. --GraemeL 13:43, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for group vanity...oh, and the sockpuppets. --Several Times 14:05, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity, non-notabile Sliggy 14:53, August 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity. --Howcheng 16:21, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Local schools clubs are nn. -- DS1953 18:27, August 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Puppets pretty much condemn themselves above. Dottore So 20:02, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete: not notable. CDThieme 20:25, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: interesting and informative. Voyager640 01:06, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn club. -- Etacar11   02:40, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: An Interesting Story. Ducheng 00:56, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/IT'em


text:
Talk:Ball State University

Lists of Greek Houses
@TheProphetIcculus: lists of Greek institutions are better placed on list pages, since their content relevance for an encyclopedia is marginal. Also, there is not enough reliable documentation about them. Most Wikipedia editors agree that rote listings of Greek institutions are not helpful if there is no sourcing from outside the Ball State homepage or the fraternity's own circle. If you can prove that one or more of the Greek houses is significant, then pls do so, but for the most part, individual houses fall under WP:UNDUE. That is, they are not significant enough for an encyclopdia. Here is an example of the lists, which are more appropriate. -- Melchior2006 (talk) 06:46, 18 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Since no one chimed in on this, I will go ahead and streamline, as described above. --Melchior2006 (talk) 06:36, 22 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ball State University


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Antony Head, 1st Viscount Head

Antony Henry Head, 1st Viscount Head, (19 December 1906 – 29 March 1983) was a British soldier, Conservative politician and diplomat.

Background and education
Head was the son of Geoffrey Head and Ethel Daisy, daughter of Arthur Flower. He was educated at Ludgrove School, Eton and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.

Military career
A career soldier, Head was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars on 30 August 1926. He later joined the Life Guards, serving through the Second World War and achieving the rank of brigadier. He was awarded the Military Cross (MC) on 20 December 1940.

Political career
Head was elected Conservative MP for Carshalton in 1945. He served as Secretary of State for War from 1951 to 1956 and as Minister of Defence (with a seat in the cabinet) from 1956 to 1957, in the administrations of Winston Churchill and Anthony Eden. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1951 and in 1960 he was raised to the peerage as Viscount Head, of Throope in the County of Wiltshire. He was later High Commissioner to Nigeria from 1960 to 1963 and High Commissioner to Malaysia from 1963 to 1966. He was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in the 1961 New Year Honours and promoted to be Knight Grand Cross (GCMG) in 1963.

Family
Lord Head married Lady Dorothea Louise (29 April 1907 – 1987), daughter of Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 9th Earl of Shaftesbury, on 23 July 1935. They had four children:

 * Richard Antony Head, 2nd Viscount Head (b. 27 February 1937)
 * Teresa Mary Head (b. 20 June 1938)
 * Simon Andrew Head (b. 11 November 1944)
 * Josephine Head (24 May 1948 – 9 October 1949)

Lord Head died in March 1983, aged 76, and was succeeded in the viscountcy by his eldest son, Richard.

title: Antony Head, 1st Viscount Head


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Frederick Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck

Frederick Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (Friedrich Ludwig Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck; 6 April 1653 – 7 March 1728) was a Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck and field marshal of the Prussian Army.

Early life
Frederick Louis was born in Haus Beck (now part of Löhne), near Ulenburg, Westphalia, Margraviate of Brandenburg, as the son of August Philipp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck and his wife, Countess Marie Sibylle of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1628-1699).

Biography
He was only the titular duke, because he did not inherit the domain of Beck. It had been inherited by Duke Frederick William I, the son of his elder brother, Duke August, in 1689. Duke Frederick William I was killed in the Battle of Francavilla in Sicily in 1719, leaving a widow, née Maria Antonia called Antoinette Josepha Isnardi di Castello, Contessa di Sanfré (1692–1762), and two minor daughters. Maria Antonia shared administration of Beck with her mother-in-law, Duchess Hedwig Louisa of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (née Countess of Lippe-Bückeburg-Schaumburg).

In 1671 Frederick Louis became a cornet in the cavalry regiment von Eller in the army of Brandenburg-Prussia. In 1675 he participated in the Battle of Fehrbellin as a Rittmeister. The following year he was a colonel in the Holstein dragoons. Frederick Louis was named lieutenant general and Governor of Wesel in 1690. Three years later he was appointed commanding general of the Duchy of Prussia.

On 17 January 1701 Frederick Louis received the Order of the Black Eagle from the new King Frederick I of Prussia and shortly afterward was named Statthalter of the Kingdom of Prussia and Governor of Königsberg. During the War of the Spanish Succession, he participated in the Battle of Oudenarde in 1708, the Battle of Malplaquet in 1709, and the sieges of Lille, Mons, and Tournai. Frederick Louis was promoted to field marshal in 1713. The duke also secured neutrality for Prussia during much of the Great Northern War. He died in Königsberg and was buried alongside his wife in Königsberg Cathedral.

Marriage and issue
On 1 January 1685 in Augustenburg, Frederick Louis married his cousin, Princess Louise Charlotte of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1658-1740), daughter of Ernest Günther, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg and his wife, Princess Auguste of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. They had several children:
 * Princess Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (24 November 1685 - 25 December 1761)
 * Frederick William II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (18 June 1687 - 11 November 1749)
 * Prince Frederick Louis of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (25 August 1688 - 5 November 1688)
 * Princess Sophie Charlotte of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (15 August 1689 - 8 October 1693)
 * Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (18 September 1690 - 22 September 1774)
 * Princess Amelie Auguste of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (22 September 1691 - 11 August 1693)
 * Prince Philip William of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (10 June 1693 - c. November 1729
 * Princess Louise Albertine of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (27 August 1694 - 10 January 1773)
 * Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (7 December 1697 - 22 May 1775)
 * Princess Sophie Henriette of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (18 December 1698 - 9 January 1768). Married to Albrecht Christoph, Count of Dohna-Leistenau (1698-1752)
 * Countess Charlotte of Dohna-Leistenau (3 July 1738 – 21 April 1786), married to Prince Karl Anton August of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck.
 * Princess Charlotte of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (15 March 1700 - 19 July 1785)

Frederick Louis was succeeded as duke by his eldest son, Frederick William II (1687–1749) (whose only son, Duke Frederick William III, died in the Battle of Prague in 1757), and eventually by his younger sons, Charles Louis (1690–1774), and Peter August (1697–1775).

In 1732, Frederick William II would purchase Beck from Maria Antonia, re-uniting the ducal title and ducal lands. But the latter only remained in the family until sold again in 1745.


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Talk:7 July 2005 London bombings/Archive 7

Bus route details
I've been adding details of the bus route, heavily based on an article in the London newspaper the Evening Standard ("A piercing scream... then their lives were shattered" - Keith Dovkants - 12/07/2005, p10 of 'West End Final' edition). The important bit is "Shortly after it [the number 30 bus] pulled onto its stand at Euston bus station at 09:35am, [the driver] was told to follow a 'safe alternative route' [...] to avoid King's Cross [...] The bus stand was crowded with people who had been turned off the Tube."

Chillingly, the article also reports that the bomber emitted an ear-splitting scream just before the bomb went off. Carcharoth 21:00, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Aylesbury house raids
I realise I may be more in possession of facts than other because it's happening outside my own front door, but do tonight's house raids in Aylesbury warrant inclusion in this article? -- Francs2000 | Talk 23:27, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It might be worth waiting a day or two to find out if anything significant was discovered. I suspect there will be a lot of raids all over the place in the next few months, and probably not many of them will turn up something of significance. I hope you get a peaceful night's sleep, anyway! -- Arwel 23:40, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The Aylesbury raids are apparently linked to the fourth bomber. I think worth including. [commenter lost]

Investigation section
"Police are examining about 2,500 CCTV footage and forensic evidence from the scenes of the attacks, looking for, among other things, DNA evidence." This sentence badly needs rewording. Does it mean 2,500 separate CCTV cameras? 2,500 minutes of CCTV footage? 2,500 hours? Also, although grammatically and logically correct, lumping video surveillance and other forensic evidence together makes the example of DNA sound strange since you can't get DNA evidence from video. –DeweyQ 00:08, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * That's "footage from 2,500 CCTV cameras" - there are an awful lot of them around in the UK. -- Arwel 00:19, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Template
Since the template reappeared, and its VfD appears to be failing (plenty of keep votes), I moved ahead to trim it down so that it doesn't have a bunch of red-link articles. The template was just a slightly trimmed 9/11 template and doesn't necessarily reflect the needs of this particular story. I fully expect it will grow, but I hope it will grow to meet the needs of the article, so that additions only occur when an article is ready. Discussion of additions to the template should occur at Template_talk:Jul7Bom. --Dhartung | Talk 06:40, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Stratford Street mosque
There is currently no article on this subject. It is the radical Leeds mosque which three of the suspects attended. It is likely to become a far more prominent part of the story as the investigation continues.

 * It appears the term "radical mosque" may be somewhat inaccurate.

Unnamed the same?
In the list of suspects there are two unnamed persons seen on video footage. Are they actually different people or did we dupe this info? --Lee Hunter 13:08, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * BBC lists four bombers including an unnamed man; one man who has left the country; and a missing Egyptian Chemistry student (we have Professor). A total of six.

 * He is no longer unnamed. BBC list him as "Jamaican-born Lindsey Germaine"

I'm still wondering whether these two individuals are actually referring to the same person (i.e. should we delete the unnamed person below). Both items seem to be referring to the fifth person in his early 30s seen on the CCTV footage: --Lee Hunter 16:36, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Ejaz Fiaz (also named as Eliaz Fiaz): possible co-conspirator and at first thought to have been the suicide bomber on the Piccadilly Line train. In his early thirties, from Beeston, Leeds.
 * Unnamed: co-conspirator seen on CCTV footage with the four bombers, believed to be the bomb-maker and cell organizer. Described as a Pakistani in his 30s, he entered Britain through a port some time in June 2005, and left the country on 6 July.
 * Long time past, but they're not the same -- I've disambigged. --Dhartung | Talk 19:32, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

urban legends and chain letter
This is doing the rounds of various offices right now (15PM, 14th july): "FYI Hi all, I have been strongly advised by one of my work colleagues who is informing everyone she knows that the police will be putting officers on tube stations 24/7 for the next week as they highly expect another attack within this time. She has a friend in the police force who has just been in meetings confirming this. I have been advised to avoid the tube at all costs for the time being. This news will filter through apparently through the media in the next few hours. Please take care on your journeys home. I don't want to worry you all (a bit late now), but I would follow this advice if you can. Kind regards, (name witheld by Adidas)" So much for the 'spirit of the blitz!' Adidas 14:00, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * updating my own post here, turns out, this is not a chain letter - it was a forward from one company to another going through only one employee. Anybody got information corroborating its contents? Adidas 16:15, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Update due
There is a police update due in ten minutes (i.e. at 15:30 BST).
 * did it happen? I can't see anything about it on the usual web sites Adidas 15:20, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Not seen anything beyond the fact that the BBC is reporting that the police have released CCTV images of the bombers. Perhaps it was a very short event.
 * you're right - cnn has pix of the police with a projected image behind them of the CCTV grabs during the conference. Cheers. Adidas 16:12, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

WP article top hit in Google
I was surprised to see that this article was the first hit when I googled for "London bombings" this morning. --Lee Hunter 16:15, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Sub-headings
The sections entitled bombers and accomplices should be changed to suspected.... as at the moment it has not been legaly confirmed that these people were responsible for the bombings. Even though the police may have stated that they believe them to be the bombers it is prejudicial to state it as fact until they are found guilty by law. Should they be found not to have been the bombers (as with so many other facts related to this event) wikipedia could be guilty of libel under British law. DavidP 17:04, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * They are sub-headings of "suspects". Andy Mabbett 17:15, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * In fact, they weren't, but I've fixed that, now. Andy Mabbett 18:12, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You've got to be kidding. Among other things text such as Media reports suggest the following people are suspected of participating in the attacks is used; and they're all over the national newspapers. I know British libel laws are more plaintiff-friendly than in the US, but there's only so many times we can use words like "suspected" and "alleged". --Dhartung | Talk 17:29, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Sounds reasonable to me. I've changed the subheads to 'alleged bombers' and 'alleged suspects' --Lee Hunter 18:10, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Um, you've sparked an edit war. It cannot be libelous to label someone a suspect. A suspect is someone the police have named. The Richard Jewell problem came about because he was not a named suspect when the AJC and NBC came out with their news stories. In this case, the police are making arrests and executing search warrants based on these identities. That's encyclopedic enough for me. --Dhartung | Talk 18:44, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The problem is not naming them as suspects. The problem is that we're assuming that the reader is going to make the connection between the heading Suspects and the latter subheading of Suicide Bomber. This might be obvious to some WP editors (it's not to me) but I suspect would not be at all clear to a casual reader since the only indication of structure is a slight difference in font size. If you have a bold heading that says "Suicide bomber" and a list of names underneath, you are strongly indicating that this is a fact. --Lee Hunter 19:28, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Just so you know, I would be far more concerned if the suspects were presumed alive. Dead, I'm not sure it matters that much. I found this about posthumous libel (Gladstone), and it appears that the bar is higher at "malicious intent". --Dhartung | Talk 02:19, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Lee is of course very concerned with preserving the good names of the suicide bombers (of blessed memory). Let's call a spade a spade, These people were Muslim (not presbyterian, or quaker, or methodist, or even unitarian universalist) suicide bombers (not militants) engaged in Jihad against the Infidels. Klonimus 04:08, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Um, yeah, whatever. Why don't you go haunt Little Green Footballs, or something? They like your kind there. --Dhartung | Talk 04:15, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It's well known that unplesant facts make people uncomfortable.Telegraph:BBC edits out the word terrorist Klonimus 07:35, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, stop this childish trolling. Go someplace where it's appreciated. We're trying to create a factual article here. If you're not going to contribute to that goal, you're just noise. --Dhartung | Talk 19:34, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Klonimus, I don't quite understand your comment. Religion is irrelevant to the question of whether this early police interpretation should be accepted as fact. It's not like the British police have never jumped to conclusions about a bombing (see Birmingham Six) --Lee Hunter 13:40, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Is this encyclopaedic?
I feel it is merely the authors opinion - 'is considered likely' by whom? why not just reference those who do?

Al-Qaeda involvement is considered likely, as it follows their pattern:
 * Bombs were detonated nearly simultaneously;
 * No warnings were given by the perpetrators;
 * The bombs were detonated early in the day to catch the news; and
 * The bombs were detonated at a time and location designed to inflict maximum death and injury to a civilian population.
 * It is now considered probable that the bombers died in the blasts, raising the possibility that they were suicide attacks.

suspects section
''A police press conference on 12 July provided further details on the progess of the investigation. Investigators are focusing on a group of four men, three of whom were from Leeds, West Yorkshire, and are reported as being Cleanskins. All four arrived in London on the morning of 7 July and were recorded on CCTV at Kings Cross station (the London terminus serving Yorkshire) at about 08.30. Property associated with three of the men was found near the site of the three Tube explosions, while property associated with the fourth man was found near the bombed bus. All four are believed to have died in the bombings, with the three Tube explosions thought to have been possible suicide bombings. Police raided six properties in the Leeds area on 12 July: two houses in Beeston, two houses in Thornhill, one house in Holbeck and one house in Alexandra Grove, Burley. One man was arrested. A vehicle thought to be associated with the bombings was found at Luton railway station and subjected to a controlled explosion, , .'' --  quote italicized by Jtkiefer

I think this section could probably use a rewrite since even though it's sourced I think that we should inherently distrust a paragraph that uses the phrase "thought to be" as many times as this does. Jtkiefer 06:26, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * I gave it a scalpel. I think it should sound better now. --Dhartung | Talk 08:37, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Note: the bombs were not designed to inflict maximum casualties as they included no fragments, nails etc, as is the usual terrorist tactic, this can be seen from the types of injuries and the relatively low (though no less tragic) loss of life in the crowded tube trains. A bomb went off in one packed carriage for instance and killed only seven people. Th bombs were mainly blast bombs designed for structural damage. Police reports claim large quantities of TATP were found in Leeds, a classic blast bomb substance. However this is odd as most net based articles I've read today on TATP say it does not produce flame or heat just a gas blast. SO where did all the burn victims on the trians come from? Issues like this are important as they reveal the mindsets of the culprits and possible agendas, as well as test the official reports for contradictions.

Bus bomb originally intended for Northern Line?
There is talk the bus bomb was originally intended to detonate on an Underground train - on the Northern line. But the Northern line was not operational from Kings Cross that morning. Auswide

The Northern line was operating that morning but there were severe delays. Paul Tracyundefined 12:46, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Police want to know if there was a late change of plan. That is, did a mastermind get involved in that 57 minute period after the 3 underground explosions? Auswide
 * Okay, you're asking the same questions the police are. It seems like they intended to create a 4-way "burning cross" (by some interpretations) on the map of London. We don't yet know that they intended any such thing. The speculation arises because it seems very strange that they used a simultaneous attack on one form of transport followed by a non-simultaneous explosion. It's one of many strange things about this case. The use of suicide bombers, for example, by itself is superfluous. --Dhartung | Talk 19:37, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Again (Dear Dhartung...please delete this as/if you wish, you are doing a great job) This is only a personal belief, but I think that the bombers would find Golder's Green (with its traditionally-high Jewish population) a hard target to resist. A pattern of bombs that would set us fleeing to the 'North, South, East and West' centred on King's CROSS can be made (with a bit of Deja-Vu) to have significant overtones to the Christian mind,...but I have no way of knowing if this has the same significance in the mind of a person with highly-extreme and unrepresentative Islamic beliefs. If I were one of these people, I think that I would rather draw a crescent on the face of London, (this being the most sacred symbol of Islam, signifying the crescent moon which signals the start of Ramadan - the Muslim holy month of abstenance - parallel to the Christian 'Lent'). The 'Cross of Fire' would seem to come from the extremes of the Christian religion (i.e. Ku-Klux-Klan imagery) which has, thankfully, little or no significance to either the British, or the UK's Muslim population. (ChrisR)

Suitability of Analysis
The following is a quote from the external link "Same Old, Same Old..." in the section "Analysis":

"Failed states in the Middle East — autocratic, statist, unfree, intolerant of women and other religions — blame the West for their self-inflicted miseries. Sometimes they are theocratic, like the late Taliban or the current Iranian mullahs. But more often they are dictatorial like the Syrians, Pakistanis, Saudis, or Egyptians, who all, in varying degrees and in lieu of reform, have come to accommodations with the terrorists to shift popular anguish onto the West and the Jews."

Is this really something we want to be linking? This guy can barely seem to go a sentence without spewing out what is blatantly opinion masquerading as fact, or at the very least sweeping, groundless assumptions -- all things we seek to avoid in Wikipedia itself.

Now I recognise that by the very nature of being an "analysis," it's bound to make assumptions and contain conjecture, but in the context of an encyclopaedia is it helpful to endorse partisan ranting, even if we do provide an "alternative" view which is attributed to a "conspiracy website"?

Now admittedly my own political position predisposes me to hate everything that Mr Victor Davis Hanson has to say; however I'm not trying to push my own politics on Wikipedia, I just think we shouldn't be linking slanted, politically motivated analysis, including the views of both the left and the right, at all in the interests of remaining objective. Chris Smowton 14:19, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * If you ask me, none of the three articles linked at the moment (Hanson, JPost, Infowar) is "suitable". They're all pushing agendas.--Dhartung | Talk 19:58, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, we should. Part of being NPOV is admiting and fairly documenting the different POV's that surround a topic. Thats includes POVs that we may disagree with. Refusing to document alternative POVs (as the BBC does) it's self a form of POV. VDH is an important political commentator in the US, and his views are representative of the neoconservatives who beleive the west is engaged in a war on terror. This article is not blog ranting, but was published in a leading american political magazine. Klonimus 20:01, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Then let's document the points of view in an encyclopaedic fashion. Posting a link with no context but the word "Analysis," especially to someone not familiar with American political commentators and their various leanings, seems to me like an endorsement of a particular view. Seems to me, no matter how many views you endorse in this fashion (as opposed to reporting their views, which I personally would not equate to an endorsement) you're never going to "average out" the various viewpoints sufficiently to be truly neutral. For example, how many conservative articles should we link, and how many left-leaning, to obtain balance? Should they be equal in number, or proportional to the camps supporting the various POVs? If the former, should we give equal credence to the at least slightly deranged "Prison Planet" as to mainstream politics? If the latter, why are we even bothering to mention a tiny fraction of paranoiacs?

 * Then again, how do we quantify a balance? Does a slightly leaning article count for half of an extremist diatribe? How do we make this truly NPOV once we start bringing unverifiable, purely opinion-based POVs into the article? Chris Smowton 20:39, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * It comes back down to the issue of notability. Articles and analysis published in major newspapers and magazines, by people who are noted for commenting in the relavent areas ought to be included. Moonbats raving on Democratic Underground, probably not.
 * I don't see why this has to decend into POV warring. Just include a sample of representative articles written from different veiwpoint. I'm sure Robert Fisk/Alexander Cockburn/The Guardian all have something to say about all this too.
 * BTW, the like to Arieh O'sullivan's article has the full title, but it was shortened because it caused line break issues. IMHO the views of Israeli experts on Islamic terrorism is worthy of an external link. Klonimus 20:52, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I retained the links, but changed the subhead to Opinion, which is more accurate. --Dhartung | Talk 21:31, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Penises
Whom ever thought it was a great idea to replace this page with a series of penises (kudos for including both flaccid and erect!), you may have made me and a few others laugh, but honestly such a current and 'sensitive' article as this should be shown more respect.. please let wikipedia be a mature place for information ( I hope wiki-trolls read talk pages!) Adenosine | Talk 18:41, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

(Note: Pictures have been removed --Tokachu)

Contradiction on targeting of suicide bombing
This article says:
 * suicide bombings, a terrorist tactic normally used against heavily-secured targets or in high-security environments

whilst our article on suicide bombing says:
 * Suicide bombing usually (but not always) targets poorly-guarded, non-military facilities and personnel.

Even allowing for the 'normally' and 'not always', they can't both be right. --Heron 19:43, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Suicide bombing is a tool used by terrorists to attack anything they like or dislike. In Israel, India andthe rest of western world, suicide bombings have been used to attack soft targets (with the notable exception of the pentagon), in Iraq/Afghanistan, they have been used to attack military targets. Klonimus 20:17, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I removed the speculative parts of that paragraph. It's not up for Wikipedia to say what tactics terrorists "normally" use. If there's a pertinent quote, we could include that. --Dhartung | Talk 20:30, 15 July 2005 (UTC)


text:
Shire of Aurukun

The Shire of Aurukun is a local government area in Far North Queensland, Australia. The shire covers part of western Cape York Peninsula, the most northerly section of the Australian mainland.

It covers an area of 7424 km2, and has existed as a local government area since 1978.

In the, the Shire of Aurukun had a population of 1,101 people.

History
According to the earliest records, Cape Keerweer, located on the Gulf of Carpentaria coast, was the first site where Europeans wished to settle in Australia. A Dutch ship with Captain Willem Janszoon was the first recorded Dutch landing at Cape Keerweer. Captain Janszoon wanted to build a city at the site but the exploitative action of his crew led to a fight between the local Aboriginal people and the sailors. It resulted in the killing of various crew members and the ship had to leave.

The territory of the Shire of Aurukun was previously an Aboriginal reserve administered under the Queensland Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act 1897 by the Presbyterian Church. The Aurukun Mission was established in 1904 and Aboriginal people from all over Cape York were relocated there.

In 1978, the land was taken over by the Queensland Government, who enacted the Local Government (Aboriginal Lands) Act 1978, proclaimed the Shire of Aurukun and granted to it Aboriginal Land Lease No. 1. An elected council lasted just one month and an administrator was appointed. The State's media at the time generally was of the opinion that bauxite revenues were a major factor in the Government's decision making on the issue.

In the 1990s, an elected council once again took charge.

Towns and localities
The Shire of Aurukun includes the following settlement:

 * Aurukun

Language
Aurukun is known as part of the Wik Nation. The location of Aurukun has the Wik Mungkan Tribe as traditional custodians and is known as a strong First Nations community. It is the last Aboriginal community in Queensland who have a traditional language (Wik Mungkan) as a thriving and strong first language, with more than 1200 fluent speakers from children to elders. Many cultural-based programs, incorporating the five Wik Language Groups have been facilitated from the local Indigenous Knowledge Centre (IKC); This includes the Kaap Thonam: Woyan-Min Biocultural Project App (the Biocultural Project).

In 2022, the Biocultural Project was led by Perry Yunkaporta, Wik Elder and Apelech Clan songman and traditional owner and included Noel Waterman, Aurukun IKC Coordinator and Gabe Waterman, Wik and Kugu Art Centre Manager. Engaging the community, they developed the software application 'Kaap Thonam, a Wik Seasons Calendar', teaching important knowledge of Aurukun's seven seasons. Perry Yunkaporta has been working on the Biocultural Project at the Wik Mungkan IKC in Aurukun for several years, contributing his rich linguistic expertise and cultural knowledge in leading learning on country activities with students from the local school.

Libraries
The Aurukun Shire Council operates the Wik Mungkan Indigenous Knowledge Centre in Aurukun, in partnership with the State Library of Queensland. This was the sixth IKC to open, on 22 November 2002. The council has operated the IKC for 20 years, with periods of closure for various reasons. The IKC currently offers library services, as well as a location for the Aurukun Flexi Learning Centre which focuses on culturally based learning, including Wik language classes.

Demographics
The population of the Shire of Aurukun, along with the Shires of Cook, Torres and Mornington, have been singled out by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), who conduct the Australian census every five years, as particularly difficult to measure accurately. Reasons for this include cultural and language barriers, transport and geographical spread of the population, who are mostly located in isolated communities. As such, all figures are likely to be lower than the actual population on the census date.

In the, the Shire of Aurukun had a population of 1,269 people.

In the, the Shire of Aurukun had a population of 1,101 people.

title: Shire of Aurukun


text:
Alexander Lernet-Holenia

Alexander Lernet-Holenia (21 October 1897 — 3 July 1976) was an Austrian poet, novelist, dramaturgist and writer of screenplays and historical studies who produced a heterogeneous literary opus that included poetry, psychological novels describing the intrusion of otherworldly or unreal experiences into reality, and recreational films. He was born and died in Vienna.

Youth and service in World War I
Lernet-Holenia was born in 1897, as Alexander Marie Norbert Lernet to Alexander Lernet (an ocean liner officer) who had married his mother Sidonie (née Holenia) shortly before his birth. He attached his mother's maiden name to his family name only when he was formally adopted by Carinthian relatives of his mother (whose aristocratic family had lost most of its wealth after the war) in 1920. In July 1915, Alexander finished high-school in Waidhofen an der Ybbs and took up Law studies at the University of Vienna, but volunteered for the Austro-Hungarian army in September 1915 and fought in World War I from 1916 onward, serving in the eastern battle theatres and ending the war as a lieutenant. During his service time he first took to poetry, and became a protégé of Rainer Maria Rilke in 1917.

Poet/novelist during the interwar period
After the war, Lernet-Holenia became a full-time writer and published his first volume of poetry, Pastorale, in 1921 and his first drama, Demetrius, in 1925.

During the Third Reich
Lernet-Holenia participated in the Invasion of Poland as a reactivated and drafted lieutenant of the reserve, an experience on which he based his 1941 novel Die Blaue Stunde (The Blue Hour) which after the war became known under the title Mars im Widder (Mars in Aries). It has been called "the only Austrian resistance novel" because the plot features an ideologically troubled central character, hints at the existence of active political opposition, and because the Nazi government banned and quarantined the first edition of the book. His work was also part of the literature event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

Although Lernet-Holenia made himself a lucrative business as a popular screenplay writer during the Third Reich, he was one of the few accomplished Austrian authors who kept his distance from National Socialism, and refused to endorse the Nazi political system or to participate in its notorious blood and soil literary efforts. However, to stay in business he had to make arrangements with the regime, which included becoming chief dramaturgist at the "Heeres-Filmstelle" (the audiovisual media center of the Wehrmacht in Berlin, charged with producing propaganda films for military cinemas) after the Polish campaign. Robert Dassanowsky has stated that "[Lernet-Holenia's] early actions in the Reich were confused, appearing to vacillate between naiveté and the often clumsy, often shrewd acts of a survivalist ... a unique but not incomprehensible position." Lernet-Holenia became more outspoken as the war progressed. After his removal from his public position in 1944 he escaped service on the Eastern combat theatre through contrived illness and the help of the resistance network.

Post-war period
Lernet-Holenia's public recognition rose steeply once again after World War II, and he became an icon of the Austrian culture scenery. 1948 saw the casting of three films based on his novels, starring prominent actors such as Maria Schell and Attila Hörbiger. Together with Friedrich Torberg (and later with Günther Nenning), he co-edited the intellectual culture magazine Forum beginning in 1957. In 1969 he was elected president of the Austrian section of the PEN Club but resigned in 1972 in protest when the Nobel Prize was awarded to Heinrich Böll, whom Lernet-Holenia regarded as a supporter of the Red Army Faction.

Private life and personality
His parents, Alexander Lernet and the widow Baroness Sidonie Boyneburgk-Stettfeld (née Holenia), heiress to a mining family from the province of Carinthia, wed only shortly before his birth. Rumors that attributed biological fatherhood to a Habsburg archduke were perpetuated by biographers throughout his life and afterwards but were never substantiated.

In 1923, originally a Protestant, he converted to the Roman Catholic faith. He was married to Eva Vollbach and lived with her in St. Wolfgang im Salzkammergut from 1926 until 1951 when the couple moved to Vienna. From 1952 until his death, he lived in state apartments in the imperial Hofburg Palace. Lernet-Holenia remained an outspoken political conservative and aristocratic elitist throughout his life, an attitude that brought him into increasing conflict with the prevailing left-wing culture of the 1960s, earned him a reputation as the "difficult old man of Austrian literature", and pushed him into increasing isolation during his final years.

He died of lung cancer in 1976, two years after publishing his last novel Die Beschwörung (The Conjuration), under the pseudonym G.T. Dampierre.

Honors and Posthumous Recognition

 * Kleist Prize (1926)
 * Goethe Prize of the city of Bremen (1927)
 * City of Vienna Prize for Literature (1951)
 * Great Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (Großes Verdienstkreuz) (1958)
 * Grand Austrian State Prize for Literature (1961)
 * Gold Medal of the capital Vienna (1967)
 * Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (1968)
 * A park in Vienna's Hernals district was named after Lernet-Holenia on 24 September 1999
 * The International Alexander Lernet-Holenia Society (Internationale Alexander Lernent-Holenia Gesellschaft) founded in Vienna in 1998 promotes the study, translation and publication of the author's works. Italian writer Roberto Calasso, a Franz Kafka scholar whose own writings reference Central European identity themes and tensions, serves at the Society's president.

Filmography

 * Abenteuer eines jungen Herrn in Polen, directed by Gustav Fröhlich (1934, based on the novel Die Abenteuer eines jungen Herrn in Polen)
 * My Life for Maria Isabella, directed by Erich Waschneck (1935, based on the novel The Standard)
 * I Was Jack Mortimer, directed by Carl Froelich (1935, based on the novel I Was Jack Mortimer)
 * The Other Life, directed by Rudolf Steinboeck (1948, based on the novella Twentieth of July)
 * Maresi, directed by Hans Thimig (1948, based on the short story Maresi)
 * Escándalo nocturno, directed by Juan Carlos Thorry (Argentina, 1951, based on the play Tohuwabohu)
 * Adventure in Vienna, directed by Emil-Edwin Reinert (1952, based on the novel I Was Jack Mortimer)
 * Stolen Identity, directed by Gunther von Fritsch (1953, based on the novel I Was Jack Mortimer)
 * Land, das meine Sprache spricht, directed by Michael Kehlmann (1959, TV film, based on the novel Der zwanzigste Juli)
 * Jack Mortimer (film), directed by Michael Kehlmann (1961, TV film, based on the novel I Was Jack Mortimer)
 * À la guerre comme à la guerre, directed by Bernard Borderie (1972, based on the novel Die Abenteuer eines jungen Herrn in Polen)
 * The Standard, directed by Ottokar Runze (1977, based on the novel The Standard)
 * Land, das meine Sprache spricht (1980 film), directed by Michael Kehlmann (1980, TV film, based on the novel Der zwanzigste Juli)

Screenwriter

 * The Great Love (1942) (dir. Rolf Hansen)
 * Die Entlassung (1942) (dir. Wolfgang Liebeneiner)
 * On Resonant Shores (1948) (dir. Hans Unterkircher)
 * Espionage (1955) (dir. Franz Antel)

title: Alexander Lernet-Holenia


text:
Talk:First Folio

Quarto link
The quarto link in the first paragraph of the article leads nowhere useful. It ought either to be dropped, or else a suitable article about Shakespeare's Quartos should be added

-Gerdthiele 06:51, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Brandeis
I am fairly certain that I recently saw the First Folio in a display case at the British Library in London, so I am skeptical that Brandeis has the only copy, which the text of this article implies. On the Brandeis site, it is written that Brandeis owns only one of 230 copies. I don't know whether there is one that is definitvely more original than the others, but it seems incorrect to only mention Brandeis in this article. I've removed the Brandeis reference.

-Stephen (64.50.95.2) 23:31, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * i am afraid, stephen, that you are mistaken. the article claims that there were 1000 first folios, and that 5 belog to the british library. you are thinking about the Quarto version. hope this is helpful.

 * nicholas! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.157.82.24 (talk • contribs) 10:16, 11 October 2006

More about the content would be good
The First Folios have:

The Jonson preface http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/button_sig.png The "Mr WH" dedication

Hemynge and Cordell as publishers

... and successors in the second and third folios, which are equally important.

I'm writing this from memory... can't we add in some of these detail (accurately!) between us? —Preceding unsigned comment added by BenPlouviez (talk • contribs) 23:17, 21 April 2006

Compositor table
Can someone add an explanation to the chart of the work of the various compositors (A through E)? It is not at all clear what those numbers represent: pages? lines? percentages? I can't figure it out.

Done! Ugajin (talk) 18:30, 28 November 2009 (UTC)

Printing
What is the evidence, really, that Hemings and Condell compiled the contents of the volume? The introductory epistles with their names attached to them, which is the only basis on know of on which one could try to substantiate this claim, have long been thought by a number of leading Shakespearean scholars, to actually be the work of Ben Jonson, a much more likely party to have been directly involved in the acquisition and editing of materials for the volume. This claim should either the struck, modified, or documented. Thanks!

First folio portrait is Oxford proof?
Allegedly the collar's edge in the famous First Folio "Shakespeare" portrait has two faint, but visible letters spelling "EO". If that doesn't mean "Earle Oxenford" can you please provide a better explanation? 87.97.101.54 (talk) 20:48, 29 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes. They don't exist. Paul B (talk) 10:16, 30 October 2010 (UTC)

Title
Why is the article title in italics? Shouldn't it be non-italicized? Also, what is the Wiki code that created the italicized title, in the first place? I was not able to spot any such code, when I went into the edit box. Thanks! (Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 01:47, 9 May 2011 (UTC))

 * Italic titles for articles whose title is a title of a work have been implemented by people who are enthusiastic about them following lengthy discussions (I'll see if I can find a link). You can find the code in Template:Infobox book. --GuillaumeTell 11:05, 9 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks, but I am totally confused. Are you saying that the article title should be italicized ... or should not?  And, how about its use throughout the article?  The term "First Folio" always appears non-italicized throughout the entire course of this article.  For consistency, we should either consider "First Folio" the name of a book (and thus italicize it throughout the article and in the article title) ... or not (and thus un-italicize it throughout the article and in the article title).  Or am I missing some other considerations here?  Please advise.  Thanks.   (Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 15:33, 9 May 2011 (UTC))

 * All I know about this is through discussion on the Opera WikiProject talk page (Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Opera/Archive_97). I'm assuming that books are supposed to be treated in the same way, and that's what Wikipedia policy says here: Article_titles.  Don't shoot the messenger! --GuillaumeTell 16:17, 9 May 2011 (UTC)

 * The Manual of Style has some guidelines on what should and should not be shown as italic. For titles of works in article text they generally hould be in italic. Chapters or minor works etc. generally shouldn't. For the title of Wikipedia articles there is no consensus (and the Manual of STyle doesn't mandate either way); but there's a bunch of people who are being activist on this issue. I had suspected, and Guillaume confirms here I think, that these people have managed to get the infobox book template changed so that by merely including it in an article it will also make the title of the article display as italic (this is wrong in so many ways, but I digress). However, the “First Folio” is not the title of the work (that would be Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies) and so should not be italicized (a folio is a particular size and binding of book, but completely generic and not specific to Shakespeare). Anyways, in thinking about this it will help if you consider the article's title as a separate issue from uses of titles of works in the body of the article. --Xover (talk) 16:44, 9 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Correct. I agree ... "First Folio" is not the name of the book.  Rather, it is just a generic description of the book, if you will.  That is what prompted my original question ... why is the article title of First Folio listed in italics?  From all of the responses above, I gather that the italics are "forced" by use of the Infobox Book template.  But, in this particular case, that "forced" format is incorrect.  I assume that there must be a way to fix that.  Any suggestions?  Thanks.   (Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 17:01, 9 May 2011 (UTC))

 * The template has an option to not italicise the title, so I've added that option to the infobox and Hey Presto! --GuillaumeTell 17:44, 9 May 2011 (UTC)

 * A-ha! Perfect!  Thanks!   (Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 21:32, 9 May 2011 (UTC))

Too advanced
This text is nearly incomprehensible to somebody like me, who has no idea what Q1, Q3, etc. means. There is no explanation in the text, and no link to any explanation. I think this article should be deleted and rewritten from scratch so that it is a general encyclopedia article instead of a Shakespeare encyclopedia article. Short of that, somebody needs to do a lot of work to make it useful to anybody other than Shakespearean scholars. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.28.250.194 (talk) 21:39, 24 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Added an explanation for the Qn labels. What else specifically in the article do you think needs improvement? Double sharp (talk) 13:01, 31 July 2012 (UTC)

British Library
I think the following text needs some work: "The British Library holds the following copies: 1st impression (1623) – 2 copies; 2nd impression (1632) – 5 copies; 3rd impression (1663) – 1 copy, total 8 copies." What is termed the "second impression" here is actually referring to what is known as the Second Folio, not the First. The same for the Third Folio and the Fourth Folio. So by that rationale the British Library holds only two First Folios. --AnnaGriffiths (talk) 11:41, 27 July 2012 (UTC)

Use by Umberto Eco?
Shouldn’t be somewhere mentioned that a copy of the First Folio is crucial element in the development of the story of The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana by Umberto Eco?

-- Ceplm (talk) 10:26, 22 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes, and that "somewhere" is already correctly the article on Eco's novel. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 11:46, 22 April 2014 (UTC)
 * I meant that many articles on Wikipedia have section like In popular culture and whether this article couldn’t use one as well. -- Ceplm (talk) 12:19, 22 April 2014 (UTC)
 * These sections are generally frowned upon – see WP:POPCULTURE. They act like fly paper and attract bizarre entries about breweries, wineries, comics, etc. as in the Falstaff section you point out and which ought to be removed entirely. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 12:51, 22 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Well, frowned upon or not the only alternative is https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Falstaff&limit=500 which is quite useless, but anyway. -- Ceplm (talk) 13:20, 22 April 2014 (UTC)

Comparison with Good and Bad Quartos - Boxed Image
The three texts displayed show major differences between the text of the First Folio and the Bad Quarto, but only trivial differences with the Good Quarto. Is it worth having the Good Quarto text? If it is, perhaps an explanation would help?Thomas Peardew (talk) 20:21, 25 November 2014 (UTC)

St Omer Copy
" "Neville", written on the first surviving page, indicating that it may have once been owned by Edward Scarisbrick." The reader misses some unstated connection here.--Wetman (talk) 04:51, 1 December 2014 (UTC)
 * And it was uncited. I've clarified and rectified that. Davidships (talk) 22:13, 1 December 2014 (UTC)

Eric Rasmussen
Disambig needed. The BBC mention makes him notable, if nothing else (I didn't look). See Talk:Eric_Rasmussen. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 11:00, 8 December 2014 (UTC)

Scott
Raymond Scott, who probably stole the Durham First Folio, but was only convicted of 'handling' it, died in March 2012, not in 2013 as the article states. The date is correctly given in the BBC report which the footnote links to. The confusion probably arose because the inquest was not held till late 2013. And although the article, citing another BBC report, values the Durham copy at £15m, this is a bit daft. If you look at Durham University's own webpage on the First Folio, they say (though no doubt downplaying the value a bit to avoid attracting more thieves) that the damage inflicted by Scott - he took off the binding and flyleaf because they had identifying stamps on them - reduced the value from £3m to £1.5m. 87.115.26.192 (talk) 19:07, 28 December 2014 (UTC)Hugo Barnacle

William Shakespeare
He was black 151.47.73.112 (talk) 08:04, 13 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:First Folio


text:
Talk:Ethnic studies

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 29 August 2019 and 13 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): RossKuj.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 20:54, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Hannahso608, SBaylor.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 20:54, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Article name
The proper capitalization for the article name is "ethnic studies", as it is an academic subject, not a proper noun. Howee improperly moved this article from Ethnic studies to Ethnic Studies by not using the Movepage function. Instead, the page was manually copied over. As a result, I had to move the page back in a similar manner. —MementoVivere 06:52, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Right wing critics
The articile attributes a number of criticisms of ethnic studies to right wingers that I have heard expressed by left wingers, I'll change that bit.

Attributing all criticism to right is a slant in favour of ethnic studies. I will do better disambiguation. FWBOarticle 18:43, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

Clean up
This page desprately needs to be cleaned up, over half is devoted to criticisms of ethnic studies ( I am not saying we should reduce the size of this section, just that we should increase the size of the rest of the articile) it needs subheadings, I think it could probably use a fact checking and it seems a bit POV ( i.e the overall "feel" given off by the articile is that the only critics of ethnic studies are right wing nuts, and that it's critics are racists and have absolutely no case for there beliefs.) Very little introduction is given to the actual theories of Ethnic studies ( schools of thought should be covered). There are no pictures ( in an articile this important there should be at least one picture for aesthetic effect.) It sounds like it's largely the result of a "debate" between a anti ethnic studies wikipedist and a pro ethnic studies wikipedist ( I don't know if this actually happened, but it sounds like this, and that's not good.) Hence I ask any passing adminstrator to label this articile as in need of a clean up, and consider putting a POV concern tag, the articile could also use a peer review.

Ward Churchill is a poor representative of Ethnic studies, and a marginal figure within the field. Yet the criticism section is almost wholly focused on controversy regarding him. The entire article, consequently, looks as if it was written by a journalist with an eye for sensationalist controversy, but no knowledge of the field(s) of ethnic studies.--JStripes 16:13, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

In Academia
There is no mention of schools that have ethnic studies departments. In California, UCB and UCSD have ethnic studies departments that grant B.A. and PhD degrees.

Also, there is no discussion regarding ethnic studies vs. the study of individual racial groups (e.g. African American studies). There are different ways of how this plays out for undergraduate programs, and here are examples:

UCLA: Has individual and seperate departments for major racial groups. (e.g. Asian American Studies)

UCB: Has an Ethnic Studies Department which offers programs in Asian American, Chicano, and Native American studies, in addition to a more broad Ethnic Studies program. It should be noted that African American studies is its own department. SFSU's College of Ethnic Studies is organized in a similar fashion to UCB, but includes Africana Studies.

UCSD: Has a single Ethnic Studies department with a single Ethnic Studies program. Focus on a single racial or ethinc group is not allowed.

The difference in organization alludes to the difference in teaching methods and focus. UCSD's Ethnic Studies program in general is arguably more comparative and theoretical than a singular racial study program, while these programs such as Asian American studies are obviously more specific.

 * I would like to look into some courses at Georgetown University regarding ethnic studies or similar courses. I would be interested if anyone has any information regarding Georgetown. Isaacschley (talk) 17:26, 2 November 2016 (UTC)

Myths Debunked
Ethnic Studies is not the mere study of easily recognizable cultural aspects such as food and holidays.

As 'ethnic' infers people of color, it may come as a suprise that "whiteness" is a site of study in the field. Lipsitz and Omi and Winant are more well-known scholars on this topic. The introduction, in fact, may be too simplistic as it states that ethnic studies only studies minority peoples. While this is true, the field also includes race and knowledge theory that does not study a specific racial or ethnic group per se, but studies race in general.

Links
The link to the Asian Nation website could be miscategorized and would be better in the Asian Americn Studies page.

Ethnic Minorities vs. Ethnicity
I changed the first sentence to say "ethnicity" instead of "ethnic minorities". I assume by "ethnic minorities" what was meant was people of colour. Apart from the fact that the term "ethnic minorities" is a misnomer in many contexts, it isn't even correct to say that Ethnic Studies is limited to them. Increasingly, it deals with studies of "whiteness", and so "ethnicity" is more succinct, more clear, and more accurate.

Latino and Chicano?
They're completely different. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.197.139.196 (talk) 17:16, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

Black people and white people are completely different, in the respect you mean. Chicanos and Latinos are distantly related. Mr.troughton (talk) 10:14, 21 January 2013 (UTC)

POV
Attributes criticisms to the abstract right without any references, and does not list any actual criticisms, just the defense. NativeForeigner Talk 21:33, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

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Brown University opening access to library resources for Wikipedians interested in articles like this one
Of possible interest to past/present/future editors of this article:

The John Nicholas Brown Center for Public Humanities and Cultural Heritage at Brown University wants to help an experienced Wikipedian improve the quality of articles related to ethnic studies. Examples of possible topics include, but are not limited to, diaspora, migration, social movements, and/or political economies of social inequality and racial formation.

Brown will provide full access to its library's resources (databases, ebooks, etc.) in exchange for a commitment to bring some of the articles you work on to B-class or better. This is a remote Wikipedia Visiting Scholars position open to editors anywhere. For more information see the Brown University Visiting Scholars page. If you have questions, you can ask on my talk page (or email if you prefer). If you know you're interested, head to the application form. --Ryan (Wiki Ed) (talk) 18:23, 5 October 2016 (UTC)

Arizona Ban
I would like to look into local events, coverage, and fallout from the ban of the course and HB 2281. Isaacschley (talk) 17:28, 2 November 2016 (UTC)

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Crane, Steve. "Court Orders New Hearing for Tucson Schools’ Mexican-American Studies Program." Cronkite News. Arizona PBS, 07 July 2015. Web. 14 Nov. 2016. Diaz, Tony. "Arizona Gets Schooled: Update on Ban of Mexican American Studies." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. @TucsonNewsNow. "New Resolution Could Make It Easier to Study Ethnic Studies in Arizona." New Resolution Could Make It Easier to Study Ethnic Studies in A. Tucson News, 4 Apr. 2016. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. Phippen, J. Westin. "How Arizona Gave Rise to Book Smugglers." The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 17 July 2015. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. "Tony Diaz." Tony Diaz. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2016.

Isaacschley (talk) 05:07, 14 November 2016 (UTC)

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Problematic sentence
The following sentence appears in the section, and has several problems: Courses in ethnic studies address that traditionally, the role of Asian Americans, Blacks, Mexicans, Latinos and Native Americans in American history are undervalued and ignored because of Euro-centric bias and hegemonic racial and ethnic prejudice.
 * 1) The subject of the verb "address" is an over-long and complex phrase, which includes both an assertion and an argumentative dependent phrase to support that assertion. Consequently, it's difficult to read and needs simplifying.
 * 2) The adjective "traditionally", referring to the assertion mentioned above, carries the wrong connotation, and might more accurately be replaced by "systematically".
 * 3) The assertion has a subject "role" and verb "are" that disagree in number.
 * 4) The assertion is argumentative and unsupported by references, so should not be implied to be a fact. However, that it describes some widespread perceptions is undeniable.
 * 5) The passive forms in "undervalued and ignored" avoid naming the agents responsible, that is, just who "undervalues and ignores [the role etc.]"? Since we're talking about "American history", perhaps those responsible are "American historians".
 * 6) The list of ethnic minorities is surely exemplary, rather than exhaustive.
 * 7) Although "hegemonic" is just a five-cent word like any other, Mark Twain would have preferred being paid for the several words of a paraphrase such as "of those in power". And that would be much clearer to most readers.
 * 8) The sentence lacks a citation to any reliable source.

Thus, I propose and intend to make the following replacement (changes in italics): Courses in ethnic studies address perceptions that, because of the Eurocentric bias and racial and ethnic prejudice of those in power, American historians have systematically ignored or undervalued the roles of such ethnic minorities as Asian Americans, Blacks, Mexicans, Latinos and Native Americans.

Some scholar in the field may be more readily able than I to find suitable sources to support (or improve) this statement. yoyo (talk) 17:33, 12 March 2018 (UTC)

Lack of citations
Added "Original research|date=May 2018" and "Refimprove section|date=May 2018" tags for the article. All the sections seem to miss citations at least for one or two claims presented. Lead section as well as the history section doesn't cite any sources at all. Please remember to add sources for all the information and claims you present. Non-sourced claims are worthless as anyone can make them as much as they like and such editing devalues Wikipedia as encyclopedia. This seems to have been a problem for some time already as the article is quite old. — Preceding unsigned comment added by MayMay7 (talk • contribs) 12:35, 21 May 2018 (UTC)

Inherency
The article says, "Ethnic studies ... emerged as an academic field ... partly in response to charges that traditional social science and humanities disciplines such as anthropology, history, literature, sociology, political science, cultural studies, and area studies were conceived from an inherently Eurocentric perspective." (Emphasis mine.) This raises the question as to whether early promoters of ethnic studies claimed that these disciplines were conceived from an "inherently" Eurocentric perspective. If so, the word "inherently" must stay, but otherwise I believe it should be removed. Something is inherent if it is naturally part of something. The need for oxygen is inherent in the human condition. Eurocentricity of academic disciplines is not. At any time, students, faculty, researchers, writers, and authors in academic disciplines can expand their conceptions, in part by including other perspectives in their work. There is nothing inherent in a Eurocentric perspective on anthropology, history, literature, sociology, political science, cultural studies, and area studies, and if scholars of ethnic studies are successful, their non-Eurocentric perspectives could overwhelm any existing Eurocentric bias in these fields. If early promoters of ethnic studies claimed that these disciplines were conceived from an "inherently" Eurocentric perspective, there should be a discussion of why they claimed inherency; otherwise the word "inherently" should be removed. I have no expertise on this, I am just wandering by. —Anomalocaris (talk) 09:26, 11 September 2019 (UTC)

Making Significant Changes
Hello, I am a student who is working on a school assignment, and I am drafting some significant changes to the ethnic studies page that I wanted to share before I live publish any of the changes. Throughout the article I will be adding sources, mainly from my university's online library, to the {citation needed} spots, as well as several other sentences that I believe should be cited. In terms of adding content, I will be developing the Schools of thought section of the article. I was looking to include information on several major disciplines within ethnic studies such as African American Studies, Native American Studies, Asian American Studies, and others. This information consists of the origin of that specific discipline, a description of what it focuses on, significant scholars and developers of the field, and some prominent ideologies within the disciplines. I was also considering changing the section title from "Schools of thought" to something along the lines of "Disciplines within ethnic studies", or "Subfields of ethnic studies". I may make more changes, but these are my priorities at the moment, so I will consult the talk page again before then. I would appreciate any feedback someone may have on these ideas, and am excited to improve the article. RossKuj (talk) 13:15, 27 November 2019 (UTC)RossKuj

Criticism section is weak
The criticism section quotes no actual critics of ethnic studies scholarship, gives the false impression that all criticism of such scholarship is right-wing, and spends more time defending the scholarship than it does laying out the criticisms. There are plenty of high-profile academic critics of ethnic studies scholarship--it should not be hard to include some.

I think the lead needs to state somewhere that ethnic studies examines historical accomplishments and resistance of marginalized people of color to hegemonic subjugation, assimilation and erasure. (something like that)Marcywinograd (talk) 21:48, 19 May 2022 (UTC) I think the lead is a little misleading (lol) "Ethnic studies, in the United States, is the interdisciplinary study of difference—chiefly race, ethnicity, and nation, but also sexuality, gender, and other such markings—and power, as expressed by the state, by civil society, and by individuals." Ethnic studies courses do not, as far as I am aware, focus on sexuality and gender, but as this article states later on ethnic studies focuses on key ethnic groups that have been the target of discriminatory practices in US history; African Americans, Latinx, Asian American (or AAPI) andMarcywinograd (talk) 21:55, 19 May 2022 (UTC) Native American

Ethnic studies vs ethnology
Can someone explain to me what's the difference between "ethnic studies" and "ethnology"? They seem to be very similar, the only difference being that "ethnic studies" are basically ethnology but in the US and invoking mainly minority groups in the US, and also mainly focused on the history of oppression and marginalisation while ethnology would analyse the groups in general, including their marginalisation but also talking about their culture, history, the civilizations they were a part of, language, etc. Can someone explain please? 81.65.73.23 (talk) 21:55, 24 September 2022 (UTC)

California high schools: section NPOV issue
The subsection, as currently written, is both out of date and is wholly celebratory in a toned-down journalistic manner. California’s ethnic studies mandates at high school and college level, and in particular the Model Curriculum, have been extremely controversial. And I don’t mean some talking head on Fox spewing about the latest developments in my state. RS extensively document the widespread criticisms on both general matters and specific areas. I’m tempted to cut the whole subsection but I’m not in the mood for potential disputes.

Cheers, RadioactiveBoulevardier (talk) 18:33, 13 September 2023 (UTC)

NY State
Removed this content:

The New York State government has implemented the Dignity for All Students Act (DASA) which requires administrative, supervisory, and student service personnel to be trained in "Harassment, Bullying, Cyber bullying, and Discrimination in Schools: Prevention and Intervention". In this case, ethnic studies is framed through the lens of "bullying" as a challenge for minority students to get the most out of their education in a safe classroom environment. For the creators of DASA, bullying has the potential to disrupt a student's bodily and emotional safety.

DASA aims to do the following:

 * DASA is designed to protect public schools students from bullying by employees or other students based on actual or perceived race, color, weight, national origin, ethnic group, religion, religious practice, disability, sexual orientation, gender, or sex.
 * DASA requires schools and districts to revise codes of conduct to prohibit bullying and promote a bully-free environment, and to include age-appropriate versions of the policy in codes of conduct. School districts will be required to post codes of conduct on their websites by July 1, 2013.
 * DASA requires K-12 schools to incorporate curriculum that promotes awareness of and sensitivity to discrimination and diversity as part of civility and citizenship classes.
 * DASA requires every school to nominate a Dignity Act Coordinator that will be responsible for handling incidents of bullying.
 * DASA requires schools to collect and report data on bullying to the New York State education commissioner at least once a year.
 * DASA prohibits retaliation against anyone who reports incidents of bullying.
 * DASA holds the State education commissioner responsible for helping school districts develop effective responses to bullying that are focused on solutions, intervention and education.

Barely mentions ethnic studies so really hard to see the relevance, undersourced (with solitary reference a dead primary source), possibly WP:OR. DrIdiot (talk) 01:52, 23 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ethnic studies