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Tampines Rovers FC

Tampines Rovers Football Club (currently known as BG Tampines Rovers due to sponsorship reasons), is a professional football club based in Tampines, Singapore, that competes in the Singapore Premier League, the top tier of Singapore football league system. Founded in 1945, the club has won 5 league titles, 4 Singapore Cups, a record of 5 Community Shield and 1 ASEAN Club Championship.

Tampines Rovers is one of the more widely supported football clubs in Singapore, attracting high attendances at both home and away games. Its main rival is Geylang International, with whom they contest in the 'Eastern Derby'. In September 2023, Tampines Rovers signed a three-year collaboration with Thai League 1 club, BG Pathum United.

History
Several football enthusiasts from Tampines decided to form a football club in 1945. After many name changes, they finally decided on "Tampines Rovers" as the official club name. The Stags spent the 1950s and 1960s competing in the Singapore Amateur Football Association League, where they were among the top teams, until they were placed in Division II of the newly formed National Football League in 1974.

1975 was a watershed year for Tampines, as they were promoted to Division I after winning all their league matches and reached the President's Cup final, where they lost 0–1 to the Singapore Armed Forces Sports Association in front of a national record crowd of 30,000. They continued to challenge for honours for the next decade, reaching another President's Cup final in 1978, then emerging as national champions in 1979, 1980 and 1984.

The Stags were relegated to the second tier in 1988, but under a new management team, won their league in 1994, and were one of eight clubs selected to compete in the newly formed S.League.

S.League era (1996–2017)
However, Tampines did not finish higher than sixth place in the first six seasons of the S.League. In 2002, the Stags secured the services of Malaysian coach, Chow Kwai Lam, who guided them to the Singapore Cup and two fourth-place finishes.

2000s
The 2000s marked the golden era of Tampines Rovers as under the management of Thailand head coach Vorawan Chitavanich which the club amassed a squad filled with stalwarts like Nazri Nasir, Noh Alam Shah, Sead Muratović, Rezal Hassan and countless others. Together, they clinched Tampines Rovers's first S.League titles and the Singapore Cup double in 2004. The following season, they successfully defended their S.League title in 2005, were named the 'S.League Team of the Decade' and became the first Singapore team to win the ASEAN Club Championship. The Stags were the 2006 Singapore Cup champions, but finished runners-up to SAFFC in the 2006 S.League. In 2011, Tampines Rovers appointed Steven Tan as coach for the 2011 S.League season replacing Vorawan Chitavanich who moved up to become the club technical director.

S.League three-peat (2011–2013)
As another star-studded cast with players like Mustafić Fahrudin and Aliff Shafaein, who were part of the 2004 and 2005 winning sides, were joined by the likes of Aleksandar Đurić, Benoît Croissant, and Jamil Ali. The Stags won three-peats consecutive S.League titles in 2011, 2012 and 2013 in which they also went on to win 4 consecutive Singapore Community Shield in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014. Tampines Rovers also went on to win the 2014 Singapore League Cup Plate Winners.

On 19 January 2016, Former Arsenal and Liverpool winger, Jermaine Pennant signed a one-year contract which he took a 70% pay cut from his salary earned at Wigan Athletic. It was reported that he would earn a salary of SGD$40,000 (£19,500) per month, which made him the highest-paid player in the history of the domestic professional football league.

For the 2016 season, with the club signing 9 Lions XII players, Tampines Rovers began with 6 unbeaten matches in the S.League. In February, Tampines Rovers started with the 2016 AFC Cup being drawn in Group E with Ceres from Philippines, Selangor F.A from Malaysia and Sheikh Jamal Dhanmondi from Bangladesh. Tampines Rovers finished second place in Group E which will see them through to the Round of 16 with 10 points leaving Selangor F.A behind with 2 points' difference. The Round of 16 was won with 10 men by Tampines Rovers versus Mohun Bagan from India by a late goal from Afiq Yunos in the after extra time which resulted in 1–2 win at the Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium. This was also V. Sundramoorthy's last match before taking on the Singapore national team job as care taker. V. Sundramoorthy's successor was his Assistant Coach, Akbar Nawas. He was appointed to be the next head coach of Tampines Rovers followed with 8 straight wins and 28 goals. Tampines Rovers started the 2016 Singapore Cup with a double win playing against Global F.C. in the quarterfinals before facing another club from same country, Ceres in the semi-finals which will see the Stags as the finalist of the 2016 Singapore Cup. On 14 September 2016, Tampines Rovers continued their 2016 AFC Cup Quarter-finals facing Bengaluru FC from India but was knocked out on a narrow 1-0 aggregate score on a 2 leg basis. The Stags finished the season as runner-ups in the league with 1 points' difference to Albirex Niigata (S).

In view of the financial woes faced by the club during the 2016 season, drastic measures were taken before the start of 2017 season. These would include cut in players and technical staff's salaries, shutting down of fruit machines to name a few. Club chairman, Mr Krishna Ramachandra had decided to make sweeping changes within the club to avoid the same issues happening as last season. The 3 foreign imports from last season, Billy Mehmet, Jordan Webb and Jermaine Pennant had been released from the club with them joining DPMM, Warriors FC and Bury respectively. The club had also ended their 15-year association with their long-term sponsor, Hyundai. A significant number of the playing staffs had also left the club as well, notably star player, Hafiz Abu Sujad who left the club for Thai League 2 side, BBCU.

The club had signed a trio of foreign young players to replace the 3 that had departed the end of last season. They would include former Ceres utility player, Son Yong Chan, Japanese teenager winger, Ryutaro Megumi and former Croatia U17 International, Ivan Jakov Džoni. They too did sign a couple of local free agents last season. Notable local signings would include Singapore National Team Defensive Pairing, Madhu Mohana and Daniel Bennett from Warriors FC and Geylang International. The most notable one would be the sudden resignation of coach Akbar Nawas who left the club just 1 month before the start of the season and was replaced by former Garena Young Lions Coach, Jürgen Raab. The Stags started off the 2017 campaign losing the 2017 Singapore Community Shield to Albirex Niigata (S).

They took on Global F.C. in the AFC Champions League Play-offs this season but lost 2–0, which meant that they would be playing in the 2017 AFC Cup this season which they are drawn in Group G with Ceres–Negros from Philippines, Hà Nội from Vietnam and FELDA United from Malaysia but ended up in third place with 2 wins and 4 losses.

Midway through the season, club chairman, Mr Krishna Ramachandra had announced that he would be stepping down as chairman of the club. Citing commitment issues as the reason. He stayed on as club chairman to assist in FAS in the auditing and settling the accounts of the club prior to the date of his official step down (22 August 2017). On 30 August 2017, Mr Desmond Ong had been confirmed by FAS as the new chairman of the club and had also appointed a totally brand new committee for the club moving forward. The Stags finished the season as runner-ups in the league with 8 points' difference to Albirex Niigata (S).

Singapore Premier League era (2018–present)
The 2018 season marked the beginning of the newly revamped Singapore Premier League era. The club started their 2018 season with an AFC Champions League Play-offs against Bali United but lost 3–1 seeing the Stags dropped to the 2018 AFC Cup. To ensure the job security of the players, Tampines Rovers started the initiative to offer longer-term contracts to their players. They have 3 models of contracts for their players. The first kind of contract is that the players would be able to get a set increment at the end of every year. Second kind of contract (mainly for the U23 players) is that there would be a year-end review at the end of the season to decide on the amount of increment. The last kind of contract is that their salary would be the same for the duration of the contract. Most of their players are securing a 2-3-year deal with the club.

Despite agreeing to a 3-year deal, the club has allowed midfielder, Shahdan Sulaiman, to go on a season-long loan to Melaka United, in view of long-term benefits for both clubs and the player. Some of the national players in the club had also moved on to play in overseas leagues as well. Thus the club had signed quality replacements to fill in the shoes for the players who had departed the club for other clubs. The club had also retained the services of Japanese midfielder, Ryutaro Megumi for the 2018 season. They had also brought back Canadian winger, Jordan Webb from Warriors FC to fill up the foreign quota of the team. The club has also signed quite a number of young players (mainly from the National U20 Squad and Tampines Rovers Prime League) to fill up the minimum quota of U23 players needed in the team for the new season.

The club has signed a 2-year technical sponsorship deal with Danish Sportswear Company, Hummel in a deal worth S$100,000 per season. They would be providing the club with their Home, Away, Third Jerseys, as well as the training and team wear. They would not be having any main jersey sponsor in this upcoming season as the management had decided that the word "Hormat" (Respect in Malay) would be emblazoned across the chest for the upcoming season. They had debuted their new home jersey during the AFC Champions League Play-off against Bali United. The away and third kit would be revealed in Feb 2018. The club would be facing Johor Darul Ta'zim from Malaysia, Persija Jakarta from Indonesia and Sông Lam Nghệ An from Vietnam in the 2018 AFC Cup after failing to advance from the 2018 AFC Champions League qualifying play-offs. Their first game would be on 10 February 2018 against Sông Lam Nghệ An.

The club has also announced partnership with local private football academy JSSL Singapore. JSSL would look into the development of youth players from Under-6 to Under-14 age categories. The best players from the U6 to U14 categories would than be fast tracked to the stags U16 and U19 teams in the club's Center of Excellence and ultimately the first team. JSSL Singapore's general manager, Gavin Lee has also been assisting Head Coach, Jurgen Raab in the first team matters as Assistant Coach.

Gavin Lee reign (2019–present)
Tampines Rovers started the 2019 season making a slew of changes to both the team coaching set up and as well as the playing staff this off season. In view of the undesirable results from the previous season, head coach, Jürgen Raab was relieved from his coaching duties. There was an overhaul of the technical team as Khadir Yahaya was roped in as head coach. While last year's assistant coach, Gavin Lee was promoted to first-team coach while he completes his AFC "A" Coaching License while former club captain, Mustafić Fahrudin stayed on with the club after his retirement to be the assistant coach of the team. Former player, Isa Halim was brought in to be the fitness coach, together with goalkeeper coach, William Phang forms the new technical team. The team had also signed a number of young players to the team from the National Football Academy, they had also signed 2 new Serbian U-21 players, Zehrudin Mehmedović and Mirza Delimeđac. At the same time the team had also signed goalkeeper, Zufairuuz Rudy from Hougang United. Shahdan Sulaiman had also returned from his loan stint at Melaka United. As backup goalkeeper, Haikal Hasnol was loaned to Home United due to National Service Commitments. Irfan Fandi had also been loaned to Young Lions due to National Service Commitments as well. Notable players such as Hafiz Abu Sujad, Afiq Yunos and Fazrul Nawaz had moved to Hougang United. At the same time, Fahrudin Mustafić had also retired from the game and is now working as an assistant coach in the team.

In pre-season, the team had taken on NFL Side, Singapore Cricket Club before traveling to Thailand to participate in the LEO Cup playing against Chiangrai United and Chiangrai City. After coming back from Thailand, they took on NFL Side, Katong FC before facing Johor Darul Ta'zim II and Albirex Niigata (S). Notably in their final friendly game against Albirex Niigata Singapore, they beat Albirex Niigata Singapore 4–0. In the attendance of a healthy crowd watching the friendly game. It was also announced that Hyundai has returned to be the main sponsor of the club since not partnering with the club from 2017. ANA Courier Express and Gatorade has continued their partnership with the club as well. has also come on board as well. Hummel had also released the club's New Jersey and the jersey had been specially designed and made for the club.

Tampines Rovers was drawn in Group F with Hà Nội, Yangon United and Nagaworld. Their first official game of the season would be a trip to Yangon, Myanmar to take on Yangon United in the 2019 AFC Cup. A game in which they came from behind to beat Yangon United 3–1 after trailing at the end of the first half. Thanks to goals from Khairul Amri, Zehrudin Mehmedović and Ryutaro Megumi. The Stags 2019 AFC Cup campaign come to an end when they ended the group stage matches with 13 points together with Hà Nội which will see the Vietnamese club finishing as group leaders with a 18+ goals difference qualifying to the next round.

They would kick start their campaign in the 2019 Singapore Premier League season on 3 March 2019 against Hougang United at the Jalan Besar Stadium. After a streak of impressive wins, the team had a slight dip of form drawing the next 4 games, winning 2 and losing 2. At the same time top striker, Khairul Amri had left to sign for FELDA United in the Malaysia Super League. Tampines Rovers went on to win the 2019 Singapore Cup in the final against Warriors FC.

The 2020 season marked the 75 years since the club's founding. On 14 January 2020, the club kicks off its 2020 campaign against Bali United in an AFC Champions League play off. The game ended in a thrilling 5–3, with Bali United winning the tie with 2 goals in extra-time. This meant that Tampines Rovers would play in the 2020 AFC Cup instead ending up in Group H of the competition with Kaya–Iloilo, PSM Makassar and Shan United. On 22 February 2020, Tampines Rovers won their record 5th time Singapore Community Shield against Hougang United. The Stags goes on to start the league magnificently, winning 3 out of their 3 opening fixtures without conceding a goal and scoring 7 along the way, putting 4 past recently acquired Lion City Sailors. On the other hand, The 2020 AFC Cup was no different, winning 2 and drawing 1 of their 3 games. However, due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the league was halted from 27 March 2020.

The Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth approved the season recommencement on 17 October 2020. Competition rule changes included the provision for two water breaks during a match, and clubs will be able to use up to five substitutions (in defined windows after half-time). In addition only 11 more matches per team were to be played over 49 days. With the season ending on 5 December 2020. Tampines began their return with their first loss of the season to Hougang United. However they recovered with a superb win over favourites, Albirex Niigata Singapore. They went on to finish the season unbeaten in their next 9 games but ultimately finished 2nd, 3 points off Albirex Niigata Singapore at top spot. It was their draws at Geylang International, Balestier Khalsa and Hougang United that cost them. However, they qualified for the 2021 AFC Champions League due to Albirex Niigata's inability to qualify for Continental competitions as they were a satellite team of Albirex Niigata of Japan.

AFC Champions League debut
The 2021 season marked Tampines debut in the 2021 AFC Champions League who were drawn in Group H taking on two-time AFC Champions League winners Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors of Korea Republic, J-League runners up and 2008 AFC Champions League winners Gamba Osaka and Thailand outfits, Chiangrai United.While it was a tough debut for Gavin Lee's charges, veteran defender Daniel Bennett did create a slice of history when he scored their only goal during their fifth group encounter against Gamba Osaka in an 8–1 defeat at the Bunyodkor Stadium in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. At 43 years and 181 days, Bennett also eclipsed Dejan Damjanović (39y 341d) as the oldest ever scorer in the tournament's history. The 2021 Singapore Premier League season ended with Tampines Rovers finishing in 4th place which will see them qualified for the 2022 AFC Cup.

Five Years contract extension

Kyoga Nakamura being handed a new five-year lengthy deal by the Stags in an unprecedented move in Singaporean football, making it the longest contract extension in Singaporean league history reaffirming his commitment to the club. The lengthy deal would see Kyoga remaining as a Stag till December 2026 and could also pave the way for another naturalized footballer and also being a Singaporean citizenship. Tampines Rovers also announced a five-year contract for promising star, Shah Shahiran and Joel Chew committing their future to the club.

The Stags started off the 2022 season with in a 2–2 draw against Balestier Khalsa on 26 February 2022. Tampines Rovers started off the 2022 AFC Cup group stage in late June playing at the Kuala Lumpur Stadium as a centralised venue to face Kuala Lumpur City and PSM Makassar however they lost both matches. The 2022 Singapore Cup returns after a 2-years hiatus due to the competition being cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore which saw the Stags having a great run to the Cup Final before losing to 3–2 to Hougang United.

The 2023 season saw star player, Zehrudin Mehmedović leaving the club after staying with the club for 4 years. Tampines Rovers than replace the last foreigner slot bringing in Miloš Zlatković, Lion City Sailors stars, Faris Ramli and Saifullah Akbar also joined the club. Faris started the first 4 league games scoring a goal in each of the consecutive four matches. The Stags see themselves as host of the 2023–24 AFC Cup qualifying ASEAN play-offs zone against Cambodian side, Phnom Penh Crown at the Jalan Besar Stadium on 23 August 2023.

Renamed as BG Tampines Rovers
On 23 September 2023, Tampines Rovers inked a three-year collaboration with Thailand club, BG Pathum United. As part of the agreement, the Singaporean outfit will be renamed as BG Tampines Rovers from 2024 onwards. Kadir Yahaya who was the former Tampines Rovers head coach and the current head of youth football for BG Pathum, played a pivotal role in securing the deal. As part of the collaboration, The club loaned in two new Thailand national, 19-year-old forward Thitipat Ekarunpong and 18-year-old defender Thanet Suknate. Thitipat and Thanet will be the first Thai players in the league since 2013, when Theerawekin Seehawong turned out for Woodlands Wellington. BG Tampines Rovers also qualified for the AFC Champions League Two as the 2nd best placed local team in the previous season. On 18 July 2024, Tampines Rovers maintain their seven unbeaten streak (6 wins, 1 draw) where the club thrash league rivals Lion City Sailors 5–0 at the Bishan Stadium to stay on top of the league table.

Affiliated clubs

 * 🇹🇭 BG Pathum United (2023–present)

On 23 September 2023, Tampines Rovers have inked a three-year collaboration with BG Pathum United. As part of the agreement, the Singaporean outfit will be renamed BG Tampines Rovers from 2024. Kadir Yahaya who is the former Tampines Rovers head coach and current head of youth football for BG Pathum, played a pivotal role in securing the deal. Tampines will be able to access BG Pathum's facilities for pre-season and mid-season preparations, as well as tap on BG Pathum resources related to modern football technology and sports science, as well as marketing, social media and fan engagement. BG will also become the team's shirt-front sponsor.

Crest and colours
The club selected the stag as its animal mascot as the animal is a symbol of wisdom, its antlers are associated with the tree of life and in Chinese culture, it is a symbol of virility. The club's colours are predominantly yellow for its Home kit, with a mixture of black, blue and white for its away colours.

Stadium
The Stags initially played their home games at the Tampines Stadium. In 2011, the stadium was demolished to build an integrated community and lifestyle building Our Tampines Hub (OTH) which includes a football stadium. Never before in Singapore sports history has a football match played within 'Our Tampines Hub', the first-ever integrated community and lifestyle hub that brings together multiple agencies to offer a comprehensive and diverse range of services, programmes and facilities.

During the construction of OTH, the Stags used Clementi Stadium as their homeground from 2012 to 2014 and then Jurong West Stadium from 2015 till the first half of 2017.

In 2017, the Stags moved back to OTH, utilising OTH's Town Square, which has a seating capacity of 5,000, to play their home games. On 28 July 2017, Tampines Rovers had their first match at their newly opened stadium against Brunei DPMM FC and won 2–0. That match saw a crowd of 4,676 fans.

In 2019, in view of the shared stadium initiative by Football Association Singapore, Geylang International will share OTH as their home ground. It caused a lot of unrest within the local football community, stating that without its spiritual home, the clubs are losing its identity.

The Yellow Brigade
Formed in 2012, The Yellow Brigade (TYB) was the very first unofficial supporters’ group for Tampines Rovers FC. The group composed mainly of members of the Singapore national team supporters’ group, Lions All The Way (LATW). Members of TYB were staunch supporters of the club and greatly contributed to the overall match-day experience.

The Yellow Knights
Formed in 2019, The Yellow Knights (TYK) is the second unofficial supporters’ group. TYK was formed by a small group of passionate fans with the shared goal of improving the match-day atmosphere at games. The group have been described and been recognised as Ultras, although the group has never formerly regarded themselves as such. TYK is well known in the country for their passionate support at every game.

The Stand
The general Tampines Rover's fanbase has been collectively referred to as “The Stand” – the name likely derived from its similarity to “The Stags”.

Since the move back to Tampines, the club's average attendance per match is one of the highest in the league. As of June 2023, the club is second only to the Lion City Sailors in average attendance in the league.

First-team squad
U23 U23

U23

Tampines Rovers U21
U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21

U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21 U21

On loan
(NS till 2024) (NS till 2025, to Young Lions) (NS till 2025, to Young Lions) (NS till 2025, to Young Lions) (to Geylang International) (to Albirex Niigata (S))

Technical staff
Reference:

Honours
Bold is for those competition that are currently active.

Records and statistics
As of 14 July 2024.

Top 10 all-time scorers

 * Biggest Wins: 9–0 vs Police SA (On 19 July 2014)
 * Heaviest Defeats: 9–0 vs Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors (On 1 July 2021)
 * Youngest Goal scorers: Saifullah Akbar ~ 17 years 5 months 12 days old (On 13 July 2016 vs Hougang United)
 * Oldest Goal scorers: Aleksandar Đurić ~ 43 years 9 months 11 days old (On 23 May 2014 vs Young Lions)
 * Youngest ever debutant: Caelen Chong ~ 16 years 7 months 12 days old (On 3 September 2022 vs Balestier Khalsa)

Notable players
List of notable foreign players:

 * 🇨🇦 Jordan Webb
 * 🏴 Jermaine Pennant
 * 🇫🇷 Benoît Croissant
 * 🇮🇩 Greg Nwokolo
 * Billy Mehmet
 * 🇯🇵 Akihiro Nakamura
 * 🇯🇵 Seiji Kaneko
 * 🇹🇭 Choketawee Promrut
 * 🇹🇭 Sanrawat Dechmitr
 * 🇹🇭 Santi Chaiyaphuak
 * 🇹🇭 Sutee Suksomkit
 * Zehrudin Mehmedović

title: Tampines Rovers FC


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Edward Evans, 1st Baron Mountevans

Admiral Edward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans, 1st Baron Mountevans, (28 October 1880 – 20 August 1957) was a Royal Navy officer and Antarctic explorer.

Evans was seconded from the navy to the Discovery expedition to Antarctica in 1901–1904, when he served on the crew of the relief ship, and afterwards began planning his own Antarctic expedition. However, he suspended this plan when offered the post of second-in-command on Robert Falcon Scott's ill-fated Terra Nova expedition to the South Pole in 1910–1913, as captain of the expedition ship Terra Nova. He accompanied Scott to within 150 miles of the Pole, but was sent back in command of the last supporting party. On the return he became seriously ill with scurvy and only narrowly survived.

After the expedition Evans toured the country giving lectures, and returned to his naval duties as a commander in the summer of 1914. He spent the First World War as a destroyer captain, becoming famous as "Evans of the Broke" after the battle of Dover Strait in 1917. He commanded a cruiser at Hong Kong in 1921–1922, where he was awarded a medal for his role in rescuing passengers from the wrecked vessel SS Hong Moh, and then spent several years commanding the Home Fisheries Protection Squadron before being given command of the modern battlecruiser HMS Repulse (1916). He later commanded the Australian Squadron and the Africa Station before becoming Commander-in-Chief, The Nore, one of the Navy's senior Home Commands; during this time, unusually for a serving officer, he was also Rector of the University of Aberdeen.

After four years at the Nore, Evans handed over command in early 1939, and was appointed Civil Defence Commissioner for London during the preparations for the Second World War; after the German invasion of Norway he travelled there to liaise with King Haakon VII, a personal acquaintance. He remained in a civil defence role throughout the War, though he had officially retired from the Navy in 1941, and was raised to the peerage in 1945, sitting in the House of Lords as a Labour member.

Early life
Edward Ratcliffe Garth Evans, known to his family and friends as "Teddy", was born in London on 28 October 1880, at a mews near Berkeley Square. He was the second of three sons born to Frank Evans and his wife Eliza, née McNulty. Frank Evans, a young barrister at Lincoln's Inn, hailed from a large Lancashire family of Welsh descent; his father had been a provision merchant in Oldham. Eliza McNulty's family were of Irish origin and lived at Deptford.

The family were respectably middle-class, but the three Evans children did not behave as respectably as might be expected; when Edward was nine, he and his brothers frequently roamed far into the East End, on one occasion being detained by the police after a theft. Edward and his older brother Joe were admitted to the Merchant Taylors' School in 1890, when he was ten, and were expelled for fighting and truancy a year later. He was then sent to a relatively modern school in the countryside near Croydon, which aimed to educate "troublesome boys"; despite being the youngest boy and often victimised and homesick, he enjoyed the rural environment and responded well to the teaching. He later attended a school in Maida Vale where he obtained high marks but slipped back into his old misbehaviour; the headmaster responded by making him a prefect, which shocked Evans into self-discipline. He became one of the school's star performers, with a string of prizes, before leaving at 14.

Evans sought a career at sea, and while at school had tried, but failed, to obtain a cadetship with the Royal Navy training ship HMS Britannia (1860). The alternatives open to him were to be "crammed" by an expensive tutor and resit the Britannia examination, or to attend the cheaper privately run training ship HMS Worcester, which mainly trained officers for the Merchant Navy. His father chose the latter, and Evans joined the Worcester in January 1895. He was heavily bullied, but by the middle of his second year had found his place, and gained a reputation as an able and diligent – if still troublesome – cadet. He won several prizes, culminating in a coveted Navy cadetship in his final year.

As a Midshipman Evans was posted to the cruiser HMS Hawke (1891) in the Mediterranean in 1897, a ship noted for her immaculate presentation and strict conduct, which was not entirely to Evans' taste. In August he became seriously ill with brucellosis, after drinking contaminated milk, and was sent home to recover for three months. During this time, he gained a lasting fanaticism for physical fitness, walking forty or fifty miles in a day and swimming for hours in the sea; he would maintain this state of fitness for decades to come. After returning to duty, he was posted to the battleship HMS Repulse (1892) and then the sloop HMS Dolphin, following which he was examined and passed as a sub-lieutenant. He then studied at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, interrupted with a posting to HMS Majestic (1895), where he first encountered then-Lieutenant Robert Falcon Scott.

First Antarctic expedition, 1902–1904
In July 1901, the British National Antarctic Expedition – the "Discovery Expedition" – sailed from London aboard RRS Discovery, with Scott in command. Part of the planning for the expedition had provided for a relief ship to follow a year later, in case Discovery was lost in the Antarctic; on reading a newspaper article about this some months later, Evans saw an opportunity for adventure and wrote to Sir Clements Markham, the organising force behind the expedition. He met Markham twice in the following weeks, and made a strong impression. In early 1902, Evans was seconded from the Navy to be second officer aboard the relief ship, the SY Morning, an ageing ex-whaler.

The Morning sailed from London in July 1902, and after a severe storm and a refit in Christchurch, New Zealand, headed for the Antarctic on 6 December to search for the expedition in their winter quarters, somewhere in the Ross Sea. After working steadily south-east from Cape Adare and along the ice-front to Cape Crozier, the limit of their search range, they found a message from the expedition, directing them back towards McMurdo Sound. Here the two crews met – the two ships were separated by fifteen miles of ice, requiring long sledge journeys – with Evans among the first party to greet the Discovery's crew. A week later, Scott, Shackleton, and Wilson returned from their journey inland, sick with scurvy and snow-blindness, but triumphant at having reached 82°17′S, a new "Farthest South". Evans privately recorded that having known the three was "a great thing in my life". While in the Antarctic, Evans was promoted to lieutenant on 31 December 1902.

At the end of March 1903 the Morning was ordered to return, leaving supplies with the Discovery, still sealed in the ice. Several crew were exchanged, including Shackleton, who was considered not healthy enough to remain for the winter, though personal conflicts with Scott may have played a part in the decision. Once back in New Zealand, Evans applied for a temporary posting to HMS Phoebe (1890) stationed in the country, while the Morning was refitted for another relief voyage, this time organised by the Admiralty rather than the Royal Geographical Society. She sailed south again in November, in company with a second relief ship, Terra Nova, and met the Discovery in January 1904. Evans was given charge of a party of men laying explosives to blast a channel through eight miles of ice, which they achieved in eleven days, bringing the Discovery out just before a heavy gale struck. In recognition of his work with the expedition, Scott named a mountain overlooking the Sound as Mount Evans.

Shortly before sailing south for the second time, Evans' engagement to a New Zealand woman, Hilda Russell, had been announced. Hilda was the daughter of T. G. Russell, a prominent local solicitor, and the niece of G. W. Russell, one of the Members of Parliament for the Christchurch area. Evans arrived back in Christchurch on 1 April 1904, and the couple were married on 13 April. They arrived back in England in October, where Evans was awarded the Bronze Polar Medal and rejoined the navy, specialising as a navigation officer. In 1907 he briefly considered applying to join Shackleton's Antarctic expedition, but decided instead that it was important to spend more time in his naval career, to avoid limiting his future prospects.

Second Antarctic expedition, 1910–1913
In 1909, Evans finally succumbed to the lure of the Antarctic, and announced – with Markham's blessing – that he would organise an expedition to explore King Edward VII Land. He planned an expedition to the Pole, but as a secondary objective; "the circum-navigation of the great Antarctic continent appealed to me far more". Evans initially sought support in Cardiff for a Welsh National Antarctic Expedition. Around the same time, Scott began planning a new expedition in response to Shackleton's recently completed Nimrod Expedition – the two were by this time rivals – and on hearing of this Evans abandoned his own project, transferring his funding and support to Scott. In return, Scott appointed him second-in-command. Evans brought so much Cardiff and Welsh sponsorship that Scott named Cardiff the home port of the expedition ship, Terra Nova and made Evans Captain. Despite this partnership, the two were never close, with the clash between Scott's reserve and Evans' openness accentuated by the difference in rank and age. Scott later described Evans in his diary as carried by "boyish enthusiasms" and "well-meaning, but terribly slow to learn", deeming that he was much more capable as a sailor than an explorer on land, and probably would never be suited to command his own expedition.

The expedition landed on the west side of Ross Island on 4 January 1911, at a site Scott named Cape Evans in Evans' honour. Evans joined the main shore party, leaving the Terra Nova in the hands of Lieutenant Harry Pennell, and worked to establish a series of depots along the Great Ice Barrier for the use of the Polar expedition later in the year. After wintering in the Cape Evans hut, the party began to prepare for the main journey in August and September. Evans was given command of the Motor Party, which was to leave first, taking four men and two tracked motor sledges south onto the Barrier with supplies for the main expedition, which would follow with dogs and ponies.

In the event, the motor sledges failed to work as planned; the engines proved unreliable, frequently refusing to start until heated, or stopping after a short distance. The first broke down permanently on 30 October, five days after starting, and the second followed a day later. The four men reorganised their loads and pushed south pulling a single sledge with 740 lb of equipment and supplies. They managed about the same speed as before the breakdown, and made the rendezvous six days ahead of the main party, who caught up with them on 21 November. Two of Evans' party (the motor mechanic and an assistant) returned north, and the Motor Party was reorganised as the "Man-hauling Party". with Evans leading Chief Stoker Lashly, Surgeon-Lieutenant Atkinson and C. S. Wright, a Canadian physicist. The group pushed onwards until 5 December, when they were halted by a blizzard for four days, working through their supplies but unable to press south. The remaining ponies from the main expedition had to be shot before moving on. On arriving at the Beardmore Glacier on 10 December, their route off the Barrier, the dog parties were also sent back, leaving the entire expedition to be man-hauled.

At this point, the expedition was made up of three groups of four men, all man-hauling their sledges. However, two of the groups were relatively rested, whilst Evans and Lashly had been pulling a sledge since 1 November. This began to tell, with the group dropping behind and causing tensions with Scott, who grew frustrated and impatient with Evans' perceived carelessness and disorganisation. On 20 December, the first supporting party turned back, leaving eight men to press onwards; Evans' team was reorganised comprising himself, Lieutenant Bowers, Lashly, and Petty Officer Crean. On 3 January, Scott announced that Evans would not continue to the Pole, but would take his team, the Last Supporting Party, back north. Evans privately attributed this to his physical exhaustion – he and Lashly had pulled a loaded sledge for six hundred miles by this stage – and recorded his reactions stoically, though Bowers described him as "frightfully cut up". The groups parted emotionally on 4 January, and Evans, Lashly and Crean turned to head back, only 160 mi from the Pole – Bowers had remained with the main party.

The journey back was difficult, as until this point the sledges had been handled by four-man teams, and the reduction to three slowed them considerably. In an attempt to save several days, the party descended from the plateau by sledging several hundred feet down the deeply crevassed Shackleton Icefalls onto the Beardmore Glacier, rather than take the slower and safer climb down the mountainside. The three emerged battered but without major injury, despite having reached speeds that Evans estimated at close to sixty miles per hour. Once on the glacier, however, Evans began to suffer severe physical problems. He was initially afflicted with snow-blindness, making him unable to see clearly, and later began to develop the early signs of scurvy. These signs rapidly multiplied, leaving him weakened and constantly in severe pain, and within a couple of weeks he had deteriorated to the point that he was being pulled on the sledge by Lashly and Crean. Evans was the only one to develop scurvy to this degree, and a number of arguments have been put forward as to the reason. However, it seems likely that the root cause was that unlike the other explorers, Evans had apparently tried to avoid eating seal meat (in particular seal liver) during the winter, which he disliked but which was a rich source of Vitamin C. As his companion Frank Debenham put it many years later, "Teddy really was a very naughty boy and wouldn't eat his seal meat".

On 13 February, Evans attempted to order them to abandon him, but they refused, in what Evans later called "the first and last time my orders as a naval officer were disobeyed". They were finally forced to halt by a blizzard on 17 February, thirty-five miles from the base camp at Hut Point, when it became clear that the two men would no longer be able to pull the sledge. Lashly remained to look after Evans while Crean headed north; after walking for eighteen hours, he arrived at the hut where he met Atkinson with an assistant and a dog team. They headed south as soon as the weather cleared, finding Evans near to death, and carefully brought him back to the camp. He arrived there a few days before the Terra Nova returned, and he was returned to the ship to be nursed back to health. He remained bedridden until April, when he arrived in New Zealand.

After meeting Amundsen, recently returned from the Pole, and being reunited with his wife, Evans headed back to England, where he spent the northern summer of 1912 recuperating and raising funds for the Expedition. There, he met King George V, who promoted him to the rank of commander. Returning south later in the year, Evans commanded the Terra Nova on its relief journey; it arrived at McMurdo Sound on 18 January, the anniversary of Scott's arrival at the Pole, to be greeted by the news of the polar party's death. Recording his "overwhelming sorrow" at the news, Evans assumed formal command of the expedition in lieu of Scott, and organised the final departure of the expedition from the continent.

Evans' wife, Hilda, became ill with peritonitis on board the Oranto on 14 April 1913 whilst on her way to England with her husband after his return from Scott's second and fateful expedition. She was operated on by the ship's doctor on 15 April. Conscious when the ship reached Naples on the 17th she stayed on board but after setting back to sea, she died at midnight of 18 April. Hilda was buried in Toulon, France. A memorial to Hilda Evans is to be found in Linwood Cemetery, Bromley, Christchurch, New Zealand at Block 46 Plot 205 – the Russell family grave.

In 1921, Collins published Evans' first hand account of the Terra Nova Expedition under the title South With Scott. A century on, Evans' account has been re-examined in the light of a recovered cache of correspondence dealing with the expedition. Issues canvassed were:  whether Evans took crucial supplies from food and fuel depots that had been had laid out in advance thus leaving Scott perilously short during his return journey, whether Evans impeded plans for a dog team rescue mission that Scott had planned should he be late in returning from the Pole, the obfuscation of when Evans fell down with scurvy, and the degree of personal animosity between Evans and Scott.

First World War
Following his Antarctic service, Evans had a successful naval career, serving at the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 in the rank of commander.

On 20 April 1917, while on night patrol of the Dover Barrage near Goodwin Sands, he commanded the destroyer HMS Broke (1914) in an action against six German destroyers of the Kaiserliche Marine that had started to bombard Dover. Along with HMS Swift (1907), Evans engaged the German destroyers in what became known as the Battle of Dover Strait. A torpedo from HMS Swift sank one of the enemy destroyers, SMS G85. Then the Broke deliberately rammed another, SMS G42, almost breaking it in two. The two ships became locked together and for a while there was close-quarters fighting on Broke's deck until the Broke managed to break free. The German destroyer sank while the remaining German warships escaped. The badly damaged Broke was towed home, while the similarly damaged Swift made her own way back. The action gained him immediate promotion to the rank of captain, award of the DSO, and made Evans a popular hero, feted in the British press as "Evans of the Broke". Evans wrote an account of his activities on the Dover Patrol in his book Keeping the Seas (1920).

Evans married Norwegian Elsa Andvord in 1916, by whom he had two children: Richard Evans, 2nd Baron Mountevans (born 1918), and Cdr the Hon Edward Evans (born 1924), both of whom left children.

Inter-war service
While in command of HMS Carlisle (D67) on the China Station, Evans rescued 200 survivors from the SS Hong Moh. His actions, including swimming to give direction on the sinking ship, earned him several awards for life-saving.

In February 1928 he was promoted to rear-admiral commanding the Royal Australian Navy Fleet (formally titled "Rear Admiral Commanding HM Australian Squadron"). In November 1932 he was made vice-admiral. He was commander-in-chief of the Africa Station and Deputy High Commissioner of the British Protectorates of Bechuanaland, Swaziland and Basutoland from 1933 to 1935. He served as Commander-in-Chief, The Nore, an operational command position of the Royal Navy based at Chatham in Kent, from 1935 to 1939 and was promoted to admiral in July 1936.

Evans was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in 1935, and appointed a Knight of Grace of the Order of St John of Jerusalem (KGStJ) in 1937.

Second World War
Recalled in 1939, the following year Evans participated in the Norwegian campaign, after which he retired from the Royal Navy on 9 January 1941. During the remainder of the Second World War he served as London Regional Commissioner for Civil Defence. On 12 November 1945, he was created a Peer as Baron Mountevans, of Chelsea in the County of London. He was Rector of the University of Aberdeen from 1936 to 1942.

Retirement
On 4 March 1947 Mountevans was on board a Norwegian vessel, MV Bolivar, when it broke in two and was wrecked on the Kish Bank 13 kilometers from Dalkey Island. He and 44 others on board were rescued by the Dún Laoghaire and Howth RNLI lifeboats.

In 1947 Evans chaired a committee to formalise the rules of professional wrestling in the UK. These rules became known as the Admiral-Lord Mountevans rules.

Evans died in Norway on 20 August 1957 and was succeeded by his son Richard Evans, 2nd Baron Mountevans. He was buried in the family plot at the Vår Frelsers gravlund cemetery in Oslo.

Honours and awards
Edward Evans received numerous honours and decorations for his Antarctic efforts, military service and for life-saving (given with London Gazette entries, where available):

Companion of the Order of the Bath (LG 16 May 1913, p. 3507), (Knight Commander (1935))

Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (LG 10 May 1917, p. 4481)

Knight of Grace of the Order of St John of Jerusalem (20 December 1937) Grande-Oficial of the Order of the Tower and Sword – Portugal (LG 17 Jan 1919, p. 887)

Commandeur of the Order of the Crown – Belgium (LG 8 Apr 1921, p. 2797) Kommandør of the Royal Norwegian Order of St Olaf (1939) Officier of the Legion of Honour – France (LG 20 Jul 1917, p. 7427)

Officier of the Order of Leopold – Belgium (LG 1 Jan 1917, p. 11)

Cavaliere of the Military Order of Savoy – Italy (1905)

Croix de Guerre – France (LG 22 Jun 1917, p. 6257)

Navy Cross – United States (LG 16 Sep 1919, p. 11583)

Médaille Civique – Belgium (LG 12 Dec 1919, p. 15432)

Antarctic Polar Medal (Silver) (LG 25 Jul 1913, p. 5322)

Sea Gallantry Medal (1921).

He was made a Freeman of several municipalities: Calgary, Alberta, Canada (1914); Dover (1938); Chatham (1939); Kingston upon Thames (1945); the City of London (1945); and Chelsea (1945).

Evans also received various awards: recognising the part he played at the Hong Moh disaster in the South China Sea: Médaille Civique of Belgium, 1st Class for saving life at sea (1919); Board of Trade Silver Medal for Saving Life at Sea (1921); Special Gold Medal from Lloyd's for saving life (1921); for his part in expeditions: King Edward VII and King George V Medal for Antarctic Exploration: Silver Polar Medal (24 July 1913); Gold Medallist of Royal Hungarian and Royal Belgian Geographical Societies; Livingstone Medallist; Gold Medals from the Cities of Paris and Rouen, and from the Geographical Societies of Marseilles, Rouen, and Newcastle; honorary member of many Geographical Societies; and, in academia: LLD, Aberdeen Univ, (1936).

In popular culture
In the 1948 film Scott of the Antarctic, Evans was played by Kenneth More. In the 1985 Central Television serial, The Last Place on Earth, Evans was played by actor Michael Maloney.

Publications
Works about Antarctica
 * Voyages of the 'Terra Nova' (1913)
 * British Polar Explorers (1944)
 * The Desolate Antarctic (1950)
 * The Antarctic Challenged (1955)
 * Man of the White South: The story of Captain Scott (1958)
 * Man of the White South: The story of Captain Scott (1958)

Other works
 * Keeping the Seas (1920)
 * Adventurous Life (1946)

Children's literature
 * The Adventures of Peter. (1924)
 * The Mysteries of the 'Polar Star' (1927)
 * The Treasure Trail (1927)
 * To Sweep the Spanish Main! (1930)
 * For The White Cockade (1931)
 * The Exile (A Story for Boys) (1933)
 * Spanish Death (1933)
 * Troopers of the King (1933)
 * The Ghostly Galleon (1933)
 * Noel Howard, Midshipman (1935)
 * Pirate's Doom (1930)
 * Ghosts of the Scarlet Fleet (1931)
 * The Mystery Chest

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Edward Evans, 1st Baron Mountevans


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Edmond Lévy

Edmond Lévy (born 1934) is a French classical historian.

Biography
Originally a pupil of an École normale supérieure (promotion 1956), an aggregate of letters, he was also a pupil of École française d'Athènes, a school in Athens, Greece where the French language is taught to students who are mainly from France. He is a specialist in Greek history and is a retired professor at Marc-Bloch University in Strasbourg, France. He edits the Ktèma review.

Works

 * Athènes devant la défaite de 404. Histoire d'une crise idéologique, De Boccard, 1976
 * La femme dans les sociétés antiques, University of Strasbourg, 1983
 * Le système palatial en Orient, en Grèce et à Rome, De Boccard, 1987
 * La Grèce au Ve siècle, de Clisthène à Socrate, Seuil, 1995
 * La codification des lois dans l'Antiquité, De Boccard, 2000
 * Sparte. Histoire politique et sociale jusqu'à la conquête romaine, Seuil, 2003

title: Edmond Lévy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vanilla Crisps

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 20:58, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

Vanilla Crisps
Delete: well meaning, I think, but WP not a cookbook. -Splash 01:22, 24 July 2005 (UTC) Lunar shadows 20:50, 27 July 2005 (UTC) If you don't like the article being so short, you could always add to it.
 * Delete. You got to this just before me. I'm going to tell the user about Cookbook so that we can get something good out of this =) Sasquatch′↔T↔C 01:25, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Sasquatch. Hamster Sandwich 05:28, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Move to Wikibooks and expand. KeithD 18:32, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. There doesn't appear to be a recipe here either, just a description of what vanilla crisps are, so I don't think there is need for a transwiki here. Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:08, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. If the article could tell us how to make it, yes it could be transwiki'd but at the moment it's a meaningless article. JamesBurns 06:44, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Elorza

Elorza is a town in the Apure State in Venezuela. Elorza is on the region of the Venezuelan Llanos and it had 26.800 inhabitants as of 2012. It is the capital of the Rómulo Gallegos Municipality. The current mayor is Solfreddy Solorzano.

This town had shared its urban area with the neighboring Colombia until the government of Eleazar López Contreras. Back then the Venezuelan part was called Elorza, honoring the Venezuelan hero Andrés Elorza, and the Colombian part was called El Viento (The Wind)

In August 2001, Venezuela completed a nationwide conversion of land-line phones to three-digit area codes and seven-digit local numbers. Elorza, Mantecal and Bruzual now have the area code 240.

Geography
It is in the region of the Venezuelan Llanos in the Apure State, it is located at 7.05972°N, -69.49667°W and is 55 km east of the Colombian border. It is at the side of the Arauca River and in the middle of a plain used for agriculture at 95 meters over the sea level. Its Area Code is 240 and its postal code is 7011.

Roads to the town are two: One that connects it to Mantecal and Bruzual, the Troncal 19 Road; the other that connects it to La Trinidad de Orichuna and Guasdualito, the Via El Caribe Road. Elorza also has access to the Arauca river which allows fluvial transportation and an airport

Etymology
The antique Misión de San José de Arichuna, with time became known as El Viento, this town grew and spread along the Venezuelan-Colombian border. On March 10, 1866 the Legislative Assembly of the Apure State decided that the part of the population that was in the Venezuelan part would become known as Elorza, honoring Colonel José Andrés Elorza, who was a Venezuelan independence Hero. This decision was executed on the 12th of that same month.

The name of José Andrés Elorza was chosen since he had joined the army of Paez with the rank captain in La Trinidad de Orichuna, a nearby town to El Viento.

Economy
In March 2018, Elorza began to issue its own currency, in response to the hyperinflation of the hard bolívar.

title: Elorza


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USS Raven

USS Raven have been the names of more than one United States Navy ship, and may refer to:

 * USS Raven (1813), a schooner in commission from 1813 to 1815
 * USS Raven (AM-49), a planned Lapwing-class minesweeper from Baltimore Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Company; construction canceled 4 December 1918
 * USS Raven (AM-55), a minesweeper in commission from 1940 to 1946, lead unit of the Raven class
 * USS Raven (MHC-61), a coastal minehunter commissioned in 1998 and stricken in 2007

title: USS Raven


text:
San Fernando de Apure

San Fernando de Apure is a city in Apure State  in Venezuela. The population of the municipality area is 165,135 (2011 census). The 18th century exports included heron feathers (for pens) and animal hides.

The “Maria Nieves” bridge across the Apure River at San Fernando commenced construction in 1959 under the direction of President Rómulo Betancourt, and was opened February 1, 1961. It cost 8.5 million bolivars. Notable is the Casa de Bolivar, a National Historical Monument, at the intersection of Comercio St. and Independencia St. It is the 18th Century Armory, and was the dwelling of General Miguel Gerrero. Now it contains a public library as well as the cultural offices of the municipality. It was restored in 1983.

History
San Fernando was founded on February 28, 1788 by order of the Captain of Infantry of the Royal Armies Fernando Miyares y González, military commander, politician and governor of the then newly formed Province of Barinas (1786), and executed by Lieutenant Major Juan Antonio Rodríguez and Fray Buenaventura de Benaocaz, under the denomination of "Villa de San Fernando del Paso Real de Apure".

The foundation was witnessed by about 200 natives in a ceremony where Lieutenant Juan Antonio Rodriguez made a recognition of the land, with which the act describes that the property enjoys good constellation, pure air, abundance of land for labor and breeding, wood for factories, firewood and running water. The Plaza Mayor (now Plaza Bolívar) was then demarcated and a cross was placed on the site where the church would be erected, and the Lieutenant exclaimed: "The Villa Real de San Fernando is hereby founded!"8 Subsequently, in December 1783, given its strategic importance in the domination of Los Llanos, it was officially granted the title of Villa. (Ville)

Between March 27 and 30, 1800, it received the visit of Alexander von Humboldt and five years later (1815), Fray Joaquín María drew up the second map of the town along with a literal description of its limits and jurisdiction.

From the decade of the 30's of the XIX century, educational activity began to take shape in San Fernando, when in 1831, Master Juan Castellanos founded the first private school for minors. Then the Second Category Federal School was created in 1875 and at the end of that century the Leon XIII Federal School was also founded.

The chronicles of the city record that on June 21, 1859, during the Federal War, the Federal Army set fire to a large part of the city, placing it on the verge of destruction.

Then, by 1908, the streets of San Fernando started from a north-south line 100 meters from the east side of the cemetery (now known as the old cemetery) and were usually called: first, second, third, fourth and fifth, the last one reaching the southern end. Between the first and the fifth the village was delimited. Today they are part of the central or historic center of the city with the names of Calle Comercio, Calle Bolívar, Calle Sucre, Calle Páez and Calle Muñoz respectively. At that time, San Fernando was a port on the banks of the Apure River. The main area of the port was about 400 meters long, which was extended a little further to the west when the Barbarito Palace was built. Today the port only appears in historical records, and much of it is now dry land with urban development, where it was once the domain of the Apure River.

At the beginning of the 20th century San Fernando enjoyed great commercial and industrial activity. Food factories (pasta, canned food, sausages, preserves and others), candle factories, ice, heron feather distributors (since 1884), leather and alligator skins, among others, were developed there. Trade maintained a strong relationship with Europe, the main destination of exported products. This activity declined sharply when the demand for exports decreased, when the interest in navigation was reduced due to the development of land trade with the development of the railroad: there was the Gran Ferrocarril de Venezuela line (Caracas to Puerto Cabello) which was to be completed with a branch to San Fernando de Apure, and the development of road trade with the Ford Tablitas (Ford model T, with wooden boards for cargo), which became a true revolution due to its versatility and resistance.

In 1914, the chronicles record the arrival of the first automobile in San Fernando. It is an anecdotal fact. It was a Ford Model T owned by Don Jesús María Hernández M., bought in Cagua by his son-in-law, General Waldino Arriaga.

Secondary education began in the city in 1931 with the creation of the Miranda School, which would later be transformed into the Lazo Martí School. Along the same lines, the Sagrada Familia school was also created in 1953. By 1964, artistic training was consolidated with the founding of the Juan Lovera School of Plastic Arts.

In 1916, San Fernando experienced a great overflow of the Apure River, which was registered as catastrophic by the press of the time. Consequently, a project for the construction of a diversion channel to the Portuguesa River in the neighboring State of Guárico was taken to the then National Congress (now the National Assembly). After approving it in 1917, in February of that year the authorization to purchase privately owned land for the construction of the diversion was published in the official gazette. On March 2, according to publication in the official gazette of the State of Apure, the citizens Fabián and Juan Rafael Michelangeli, María de Domínguez, Fabián Michelangeli (son), Miguel Ángel and Gullermo Michelangeli, all owners of the land, jointly donated a space of 20,000 square meters, with the sole purpose of "saving the city of San Fernando from destruction and ruins". On June 12, 1917, the Apure River diversion canal was inaugurated. The canal is currently located on the north bank of the María Nieves Bridge.

Higher education studies began in 1976 with the creation of the Apure Center of the Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez. The following year the UNELLEZ was founded and in 1978 the local center of the National Open University was opened. At present, San Fernando maintains a wide educational activity at all levels, with countless primary and secondary schools and universities.

Geography
San Fernando de Apure is a near-exact antipode to the city of Batu, Indonesia.

San Fernando de Apure is a very warm locality due to its location in the center of the Venezuelan plains. The daily annual average is 27.8 °C. The humidity can reach more than 79%, due to its location next to the 300 meter wide Apure River. The relief of San Fernando is totally a plain. Natural land elevations do not exist, and the visibility of the horizon can reach up to 10 km. Some high barriers can be artificially by engineer installations for the prevention of floods. The city is established on humid grounds, and for this reason civil constructions superior to 5 levels are not permitted. In this sense, San Fernando projects a flat skyline.

The lowest temperature ever recorded is 13.6 C on 24 October 1993.

Parishes

 * El Recreo
 * Peñalver
 * San Fernando
 * San Rafael de Atamaica

Demographics
The city is conformed by three urban nucleus: San Fernando de Apure, who covers all the metropolitan area in both shores of the Apure River, the satellite town of Biruaca to the west, which conforms another political jurisdiction, and to the east El Recreo parish. In agreement with the 2001 Venezuelan census, the urban area of San Fernando was conformed by 175.056 inhabitants, having Biruaca an intercensal rate of the 69,4% relative growth, and San Fernando the 36,1%. San Fernando lifestyle varies according to zone, wealth and age. Many young people of the metropolitan area characterize themselves to assume an urban style with fort influence of nonown cultures of the locality, reflecting in first term North America lifestyle, and soon expressions of the north region of Venezuela (mainly, Caracas lifestyle). The adult population of the city is charged of a mixed style, that goes from traditional llanero customs, to the nonown. In certain groups of the greater adult population a traditional lifestyle is present, with typical characteristics of the region. Towards in the peripheral zones of the city, can be appreciated very rustic customs and traditions, with little impact of nonown cultures.

Colleges and universities
Universities in San Fernando include Simón Rodríguez University and Ezequiel Zamora Experimental National University of the Western Plains.

Other universities:
 * Bicentennial University of Aragua
 * Universidad José María Vargas
 * University of Carabobo
 * National Open University
 * Libertador Pedagogical Experimental University
 * National Experimental University of the Armed Forces

title: San Fernando de Apure


text: User talk:69.158.34.92

title: User talk:69.158.34.92


text:
Daphne Akhurst

Daphne Jessie Akhurst (22 April 1903 – 9 January 1933), known also by her married name Daphne Cozens, was an Australian tennis player.

Akhurst won the women's singles title at the Australian Championships five times between 1925 and 1930. According to Wallis Myers (The Daily Telegraph, Daily Mail), she was ranked World No. 3 in 1928.

Career
The second daughter of Oscar James Akhurst, a lithographer, and his wife Jessie Florence (née Smith), Daphne Akhurst won the women's singles title at the Australian Championships five times, in 1925, 1926, 1928, 1929, and 1930. She is fourth on the list of most women's singles titles at the Australian Championships; behind only Margaret Court with eleven titles, Serena Williams with seven and Nancye Wynne Bolton with six titles. She won the women's doubles title at the Australian Championships five times: in 1924 and 1925 with Sylvia Lance Harper, in 1928 with Esna Boyd Robertson, and in 1929 and 1931 with Louie Bickerton. She and Marjorie Cox were the runners-up in 1926.

In 1925 she was part of the first Australian women's team to tour Europe and reached the quarterfinal of the singles event at Wimbledon which she lost to Joan Fry. During her second and last European tour in 1928, she reached the singles quarterfinal at the French Championships, in which Cristobel Hardie defeated her, and the semifinal at Wimbledon, which she lost in straight sets to Lili de Alvarez.

Akhurst won the mixed doubles title at the Australian Championships four times: in 1924 and 1925 with Jim Willard, in 1928 with Jean Borotra, and in 1929 with Gar Moon. She and Willard were the runners-up in 1926. She and her partner Jack Crawford reached the mixed doubles final at Wimbledon in 1928, but lost to the team of Elizabeth Ryan/Patrick Spence, 7–5, 6–4.

Akhurst won the singles title at the German Championships in 1928 after a three-sets victory in the final against defending champion Cilly Aussem.

Personal life
Akhurst attended the Miss. E. Tildesley's Normanhurst School, followed by the Sydney Conservatorium of Music. On 26 February 1930 at St Philip's Church of England, Sydney, Daphne Akhurst married Royston Stuckey Cozens, a tobacco manufacturer, and retired from serious competition soon after winning the Australian ladies' doubles championship in 1931. They had one son, Don.

Daphne Akhurst Cozens died on 9 January 1933, aged 29, from an ectopic pregnancy.

Legacy
Since 1934 the trophy presented each year to the winner of the women's singles at the Australian Open is named the Daphne Akhurst Memorial Cup in her honour. She was inducted into the Australian Tennis Hall of Fame on Australia Day (26 January), 2006. She was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2013.

Grand Slam singles tournament timeline
1The French Championships were not held in 1924, as the Olympics were held in Paris that year.

title: Daphne Akhurst


text:
Margaret-Ann Blaney

Margaret-Ann Blaney (née O'Rourke; born in Corner Brook, Newfoundland) is a Canadian journalist and politician. She was a member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1999 until May 2012, representing Rothesay (formerly Saint John-Kings) as member of the Progressive Conservative Party.

Early life
An honours graduate with a Bachelor's degree from Memorial University of Newfoundland in St. John's, Newfoundland, Blaney worked as a reporter for both television and radio from 1982 to 1993, when she met Wayne Gretzky and became a candidate against Brian Tobin in the 1993 Canadian federal election, finishing a distant second. Shortly thereafter she married and moved to Rothesay, New Brunswick where she managed her husband's veterinary practice. In 1994, Ms. Blaney and her husband started their own small business, the Atlantic Veterinary Hospital in Rothesay, N.B. She was active in the business as co-owner / general manager until June 1999. In 1997, she was a candidate for leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick, losing to Bernard Lord.

Political career
She was elected to the New Brunswick legislature in the 1999 election and was named to cabinet as Minister of Transportation. While minister, her riding executive solicited donations from highway contractors, implying that Blaney would favour those who donated. There was briefly a large amount of controversy surrounding this, however; the Moncton Times & Transcript newspaper ran an editorial cartoon with one contractor asking another, while referring to a bulge in his pocket, "Is that Margaret-Ann Blaney in your pocket or are you just happy to see me?" This cartoon was derided as sexist and both Blaney and Bernard Lord cried in the legislature when commenting on it. The legislature unanimously passed a motion condemning the cartoon and the controversy soon shifted from Blaney to the paper.

In 2001, Blaney was shuffled to the Department of Public Safety. She was re-elected in 2003 and became Minister of Training & Employment Development. On February 14, 2006, she was shuffled out of cabinet; she said this was by choice as she wanted to focus more closely on riding issues. She was re-elected in 2006 and sat in opposition to the new Liberal government.

On October 12, 2010 Blaney became a member of the Executive Council and Environment Minister, Minister Responsible for the Advisory Council on the Status of Women and Minister Responsible for Communications New Brunswick. On March 15, 2012 Blaney became Energy Minister and Minister Responsible for the Status of Women.

Resignation and appointment to chief executive officer of Efficiency New Brunswick
On May 16, 2012 Blaney announced that she was resigning as a minister and MLA, and had accepted appointment as chief executive officer of Efficiency New Brunswick.

Electoral history

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Margaret-Ann Blaney
 * align="right"|3374
 * align="right"|56.57
 * align="right"|+7.94

 * Liberal
 * Victoria Clarke
 * align="right"|1694
 * align="right"|28.40
 * align="right"|-18.73

 * NDP
 * Pamela Scichilone
 * align="right"|535
 * align="right"|8.37
 * align="right"|+4.13

 * }

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Margaret-Ann Blaney
 * align="right"|2853
 * align="right"|48.6
 * align="right"|+0.6

 * Liberal
 * Paul Barry
 * align="right"|2765
 * align="right"|47.1
 * align="right"|+10.5

 * NDP
 * Troy Polchies
 * align="right"|249
 * align="right"|4.2
 * align="right"|-7.9
 * }

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Margaret-Ann Blaney
 * align="right"|3,135
 * align="right"|48.0
 * align="right"|-17.6

 * Liberal
 * Tom Young
 * align="right"|2,456
 * align="right"|37.6
 * align="right"|+12.6

 * NDP
 * Jeff Joseph Thibodeau
 * align="right"|791
 * align="right"|12.1
 * align="right"|+2.6

 * Progressive Conservative
 * Margaret-Ann Blaney
 * align="right"|4,605
 * align="right"|65.6
 * align="right"|+29.6

 * Liberal
 * Zita Longobardi
 * align="right"|1,752
 * align="right"|25.0
 * align="right"|-19.6

 * NDP
 * Ken Wilcox
 * align="right"|664
 * align="right"|9.5
 * align="right"|-2.1
 * }

title: Margaret-Ann Blaney


text:
Talk:Reporter

Truthiness?
Truthiness? At least give some indication that you're being sarcastic. Unless our idiot president spends his time editing Wikipedia entries these days.

What colleges offer Journalism Majors?
Gee, the one I went too, and just about every single Liberal Arts college I have ever seen. Why?cpswarrior 05:38, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

Merge with journalist?
Since the very first sentence of this article notes that reporter is just one type of journalist - editors, photographs, graphic artists also count - I'd say "no" - DavidWBrooks 16:46, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

 * oppose merging. the difference is significant.-Pournami 07:07, 27 March 2006 (UTC)bla bla bla bla bla. ya ya ya ya ya. like this is accurate

 * Nothing in this article indicates that the difference is significant (and in fact it doesn't state that there is a difference. A house cat is not "different" from a feline. More to the point, there is nothing reliably sourced in this tiny little stub that points to any such distinction. —  SMcCandlish  [talk] [cont] ‹(-¿-)› 17:46, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Reporter


text: Category:Hotels in Australia

title: Category:Hotels in Australia


text:
Maroa, Amazonas

Maroa is a town in the southern Venezuelan state of Amazonas. This town is the shire town of the Maroa Municipality (or Guainía Municipality) and, according to the 2001 Venezuelan census, the municipality has a population of 890.

History
Maroa was founded by the brave Cacique Maruwa in the year 1760.

Demographics
The Maroa Municipality, according to the 2001 Venezuelan census, has a population of 890 (down from 1,140 in 1990). This amounts to 2% of Amazonas's population. The municipality's population density is 0.2 people per square mile (0.0625/km2).

Government
Maroa is the shire town of the Maroa Municipality (or Guainía Municipality) in Amazonas. The mayor of the Maroa Municipality (or Guainía Municipality) is Thaimir Briceño Angulo, elected in 2004 with 61% of the vote. She replaced Antonio Briceño shortly after the last municipal elections in October 2004.

title: Maroa, Amazonas


text:
Uesugi clan

The Uesugi clan (上杉氏) is a Japanese samurai clan which was at its peak one of the most powerful during the Muromachi and Sengoku periods (14th to 17th centuries). At its height, the clan had three main branches: the Ōgigayatsu, Inukake, and Yamanouchi. Its most well-known member is the warlord Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578).

During the Edo period, the Uesugi were a tozama or outsider clan, in contrast with the fudai or insider daimyō clans which had been hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan.

History
The clan claims descent from the Fujiwara clan, specifically Fujiwara no Yoshikado, who was a daijō-daijin during the 9th century.

Kanjūji Shigefusa was a 13th generation descendant of the clan's great progenitor and the originator of the clan's name. Near the end of the 13th century, he received the Uesugi domain in Tango Province and adopted the name "Uesugi" after arriving and establishing himself there.

Muromachi period
Throughout the Muromachi period, members of the clan were appointed as shugo (provincial governors) and would also regularly hold sway over the post Kantō Kanrei (shogun's deputy in Kantō).

Through their dominance of this position, the clan gained a large amount of power in the Kantō region. In 1449, Kantō Kanrei Ashikaga Shigeuji killed his Uesugi deputy in order to check the family's power. However, Uesugi forces rose up throughout the region and drove out Shigeuji. After ousting the Kanrei, they asked the shogunate in Kyoto for a different deputy to be placed in power.

The Uesugi's deposition of Shigeuji left them as the predominant power in the Kantō region, and the clan was able to grow rapidly. They eventually split into their three main branches, which were named after their traditional homelands. The Ōgigayatsu controlled Kawagoe Castle, the Yamanouchi were centered in Hirai, and the Inukake held a castle in the region as well. Each of these branch families can trace their lineage to Uesugi Kiyoko, mother of Ashikaga Takauji, the founder of the Ashikaga shogunate.

These three branches would commence infighting for dominance within the clan and the Kantō region almost as soon as the split occurred. This conflict would continue for roughly twenty-five years until around the end of the Ōnin War in 1477, which brought the end of the Ashikaga shogunate. Though the Ōgigayatsu and Yamanouchi branches both survived this conflict, the Inukake did not.

Sengoku period
Traditionally, the Ōgigayatsu branch allied themselves with the Ōta clan, while the Yamanouchi were aligned with the Nagao clan. While the Ōgigayatsu were less numerous than the Yamanouchi, they held on to power due to Ōta Dōkan's construction of the Edo Castle in the 1450s. At the same time as the Uesugi branches continued to compete for power with themselves, the Hōjō clan began to gain power in the lower area of the Kantō region. The first head of this rising clan, Hōjō Sōun, allied himself with Nagao Tamekage, Deputy Constable of Kamakura, and would go on to become one of their strongest rivals.

This rapid expansion of a rival clan forced the two rival branches of the Uesugi to become allies. In 1537, the city of Kawagoe fell to the Hōjō clan. By 1545, the united Uesugi launched a campaign to regain their power in the region and retake lost possessions. However, the Ōgigayatsu branch would ultimately come to an end with the death of Uesugi Tomosada during a failed siege of Kawagoe castle later that year. Near the end of the Sengoku period, the Uesugi would undergo major changes in their leadership. Uesugi Norimasa, holder of a castle which had fallen in 1551 to the Hōjō, took up arms with his retainer Nagao Kagetora. Kagetora would go on to change his name to Uesugi Kenshin after campaigning against the Hōjō in Sagami Province. Kenshin would later become one of Sengoku's most prominent generals, continuing to wage war against the Hōjō for control of the Kantō region. Kenshin's adopted son Uesugi Kagekatsu eventually became head of the Uesugi clan. However, his support of Ishida Mitsunari during the battle of Sekigahara would result in a devastating blow to the power of the Uesugi, as Mitsunari's forces were crushed by Tokugawa Ieyasu and his supporters.

Edo period
During the Edo period, the Uesugi were given the domain of Yonezawa, a Tozama daimyō worth 300,000 koku. The domain, located far from the capital in the Tōhoku region, was considered fairly representative of what might be given to daimyō considered "outsiders" by the shogunate. Yonezawa had minimal direct control from the shogunate, but was not urbanized and was largely an agricultural domain.

Despite agricultural advances and generally high growth in the 17th century, Yonezawa, like most parts of the country, experienced a considerable drop in growth after 1700. The official koku revenue of the Uesugi daimyō was cut in half in 1664, but the family maintained its same expensive lifestyle as before. After Yonezawa entered debt and experienced famine in the 1750s, the current daimyō Uesugi Shigesada considered giving the territory back to the shogunate. Instead, he allowed his adopted son Uesugi Harunori to take over as daimyō. Through agricultural and moral reforms, as well as other strict policies, Harunori was able to restore a measure of prosperity to the domain. After his death, the shogunate officially praised Yonezawa as an example of good governance.

Meiji period and modern era
The Meiji Restoration in 1868 brought the abolition of the han system, that is, the end of the domains, the feudal lords, and the samurai class. During this period, the head of the clan was Uesugi Mochinori. While the han system ended, the Uesugi clan survives to this day. Its present head, Uesugi Kuninori (born 1942), is a professor at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Ministry of Education.

Crests and banners
The clan crest of the Uesugi was two flying sparrows in bamboo.

Uesugi Kenshin had several personal standards: the first character in Bishamonten (毘, bi), a flag of divine appointment, an open fan horse insignia, and the suspended and chaotically written dragon character (龍).

Members

 * Uesugi Shigefusa (13th century)
 * Uesugi Norifusa (died 1355)
 * Uesugi Shigeyoshi (died 1349)
 * Uesugi Akiyoshi (died 1351)
 * Uesugi Yoshinori (died 1378)
 * Uesugi Noriharu (died 1379)
 * Uesugi Norikata (1335–1394)
 * Uesugi Norimoto (1383–1418)
 * Uesugi Norizane (1410–1466)
 * Uesugi Kiyokata (died 1442)
 * Uesugi Fusaaki (1432–1466)
 * Uesugi Noritada (1433–1454)
 * Uesugi Akisada (1454–1510)
 * Uesugi Tomooki (1488–1537)
 * Uesugi Norimasa (1522–1579)
 * Uesugi Tomosada (1525–1546)
 * Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578)
 * Uesugi Kagetora (1552–1579)
 * Uesugi Kagekatsu (1555–1623)
 * Uesugi Harunori (1751–1822)

Retainers

 * Amakasu Kagemochi
 * Ayukawa Kiyonaga
 * Honjō Shigenaga
 * Honjō Saneyori
 * Honjō Hidetsuna
 * Irobe Katsunaga
 * Jōjō Masashige
 * Kakizaki Kageie
 * Kawada Nagachika
 * Kitajō Takahiro
 * Kitajō Kagehiro
 * Kojima Motoshige
 * Kojima Yatarō
 * Maeda Toshimasu
 * Murakami Yoshikiyo
 * Nakajō Fujikasuke
 * Nakajō Kageyasu
 * Naoe Kagetsuna
 * Naoe Kanetsugu
 * Ōkuma Tomohide
 * Saitō Tomonobu
 * Sanponji Sadanaga
 * Shibata Naganori
 * Shibata Shigeie
 * Suda Mitsuchika
 * Kojima Motoshige
 * Suibara Takaie
 * Takemata Yoshitsuna
 * Usami Sadamitsu
 * Yamayoshi Toyomori
 * Yasuda Akimoto
 * Yasuda Nagahide
 * Yoshie Kagesuke

Castles

 * Kasugayama Castle
 * Tochio Castle: Honjō Saneyori
 * Sakado Castle: Nagao Masakage
 * Kitajō Castle: Kitajō Takahiro
 * Yoita Castle: Naoe Kanetsugu
 * Moto-Yoita Castle: Naoe Kanetsugu
 * Nechi Castle: Murakami Yoshikiyo
 * Akada castle: Saito Tomonobu
 * Masagata Castle: Amakasu Kagemochi
 * Jōjō Castle: Jōjō Masashige
 * Kakizaki Castle: Kakizaki Kageie
 * Yasuda Castle: Yasuda Nagahide

title: Uesugi clan


text:
Cavewoman (comics)

Cavewoman is an American alternative comic book created by writer-artist Budd Root, and published from 1993 to 2009, primarily by Basement Comics and additionally by Caliber Comics and Avatar Press. The story follows superhuman Meriem Cooper, a 19-year-old jungle woman who battles dinosaurs and other prehistoric creatures in the Cretaceous period.

Root credits the artist William Stout, as well as the Playboy cartoon feature Little Annie Fanny, as his inspirations for the character.

The artists Devon Massey and Robert Durham have done much of the cover art for the series and related one-shots and spin-offs.

Publication history
Regarding the character's creation, Root commented: "Cavewoman was inspired by Little Annie Fanny and William Stout. I wanted something like 'Little Annie Fanny in the Stone Age'. Originally, it was going to be a T&A type of book, but it seemed like, as I was writing, it just kept on developing. Then my grandfather died after I wrote it. He had been diagnosed with some kind of inoperable tumor, and it made me think: 'I'm not going to do a T&A book. Let's keep this respectable'. I brought the pages (to the first issue) to show Gramp just about a week or so before he died."

He added that Meriem was "patterned after pretty much all the women I really respect. She's got a body with kind of a Little Annie Fannie face with Danni Ashe's boobs and Nina Hartley's butt".

Meriem Cooper first appeared in Basement Comics' Cavewoman #1 (Dec. 1993), the first issue of a black-and-white miniseries that ran for six issues. She reappeared in the popular eight-issue miniseries Cavewoman: Rain (1996–1997) from Caliber Comics, and Cavewoman: Odyssey #1 (1999), the only issue of a planned five-issue miniseries from Caliber Comics. She also appeared in the four-issue series Cavewoman: Missing Link (1997–1998), and the three-part series Cavewoman: Jungle Tales (1998).

During her early years, Meriem also appeared in several one-shot comics, like Cavewoman Meets Explorers (1997), jointly from Basement Comics and Explorer Press; Jungle Tales of Cavewoman (1998), released in both a standard and a mature-audience edition; and Cavewoman: Color Special (1999), reprinting a story in the comic Threshold #7.

After 2000, Meriem appeared in the ongoing series Cavewoman: Pangaean Sea. After the events of Cavewoman: Rain the town of Marshville was destroyed, and Meriem and the inhabitants migrated to the shores of the Pangaean Sea.

This was the last lengthy Cavewoman series to date, and by far the longest. The first comic Cavewoman: Pangaean Sea Prologue was first published in 1999, and the series lasted eleven issues from 2000 to 2009.

Since 2001, Meriem has starred in the semi-regular mature series Prehistoric Pin-ups, which lasted for five-issues until 2010; and Cavewoman: Meriem's Gallery, a four-part series until 2009. She has also been in the semi-annual series Cavewoman: Cover Gallery (2002–2013), and the successful five-part Cavewoman: Reloaded (2005–2009), which was a reprint of Cavewoman #1–6 with new content. Cavewoman celebrated its 10th anniversary in 2003.

Meriem has also appeared in eight two-shot comics spanning the years between 2000 and 2012, the best known are Cavewoman: Raptor (2002), and Cavewoman: Jungle Jam (2006). She was also in thirteen single-issue comics such as Klyde & Meriem (2001), Tanlines Pinup Book (2002), Cavewoman: The Movie (2003), Cavewoman: Beauties & Beasts (2005), Budd's Sketchbook of Sketchbook Sketches (2010), and Cavewoman: A Night Out (2010).

In 2013–2014, Cavewoman celebrated its 20th anniversary with the two-part issues Cavewoman: Oasis (2013), and Cavewoman: Journey (2014). Basement Comics also released nine single issues featuring Meriem, including Cavewoman: Uncovered (2013), Cavewoman: The Many Faces of Meriem (2013), Cavewoman: Labyrinth (2013), Cavewoman: Killing Dinos 101 (2014), and the Cavewoman: 20th Anniversary Show Book (2014).

In the 20 years of Cavewoman, Meriem has appeared in more than 300 separate issues of the comic, featured in 92 serial issues, and 34 one-shot issues. Meriem has also appeared in over 200 reprints and special edition issues, such as special mature content issues and new cover art issues.

Fictional character biography
The story of Cavewoman is rooted deeply in science fiction and fantasy.

Meriem Cecilbie Cooper was born in July 1980 to parents Robert Addam Cooper and Gail Nicole Reicher, in the fictional town of Marshville, Oregon. After Robert died of unknown causes, Gail turned to drugs, which led her to fall in with an unsavory secret group of government agents. Eventually wanting to sever her ties with this group for Meriem's sake, Gail sought the help of Meriem's scientist-inventor grandfather Francis Peacock Reicher, affectionately called "Gramp". After first being thwarted, Gramp made a mysteriously superhuman return, defeating the agents easily and taking 8-year-old Meriem away on a hovercycle from the future.

At Gramp's laboratory, Meriem discovered a time machine and a body-enhancing device that allowed a living being to pass through the time stream. It is here that she first met Klyde, Gramp's 15 ft. gorilla who had been accidentally altered by the body enhancer. Gramp then enhanced Meriem as well, but accidentally sent himself, Klyde, and Meriem 70 million years into the past instead of going 70 years into the future. Thus, the trio began an ongoing adventure through time while on the run from dinosaurs and a secret branch of the government.

Meriem and Gramp settled in a large cave and began a struggle for survival. As events transpired, Gramp was killed early on by a Tyrannosaurus and Meriem left the cave. After a fierce fight with local carnivores, Meriem ended up naked when her clothes were torn off during the fight.

After more than ten years, and growing into a buxom, voluptuous 19-year-old, Meriem lived in the local jungles naked, savage, happy, and free. Dinosaurs were taught to fear her. Meriem became reunited with Klyde, who attacked her and almost killed her. She then returned to the cave. Not wanting to be naked and savage anymore, she eventually made a jungle bikini (with dinosaur teeth hanging on the strings) out of a leopard-printed snakeskin blanket. She also avenged her grandfather by slaying the Tyrannosaurus responsible for killing him, but rescued two Tyrannosaurus hatchlings from Velociraptors. One named Harmony became Meriem's companion while the other named Peace became her enemy.

Later, the whole town of Marshville is transported into a prehistoric past. When this takes place, Meriem becomes their guide and protector in the prehistoric world. The civilians had to protect themselves from the dangerous dinosaurs by building an electric fence around Marshville. She eventually leads most of the Marshville citizens safely to the Pangaean Sea.

Powers and abilities
Meriem's various superhuman powers come from her enhanced molecular structure. It was altered and enhanced by Gramp, so that she could survive the rigors of time travel. Meriem stands at 5'8", weighs 350 lbs, and possesses extraordinary strength and stamina. She is strong enough to rip a Velociraptor's arm out of its socket. She has also picked up a downed street lamp. Meriem's strength also allows her to leap lengthy distances, such as between buildings in New York City, or leaping onto the top of a truck's trailer from street level. She is strong enough to leap through the forest with a full-grown man on her back.

Meriem is also highly resistant to injury. A high-caliber gunshot to the back and bites from Velociraptors have failed to penetrate her tough skin. She can survive falls from great heights, such as when she fell from a cliff to the beach. Things that have been proven able to penetrate her skin, or otherwise injure her, are attacks that are directed with great strength or force, such as a Tyrannosaurus bite, Klyde's blows, or armor-piercing ammunition.

Meriem's enhanced molecular structure gives her an enhanced healing effect that reduces the healing time of wounds. The effect is hastened proportionally to her food intake: the more food consumed, the more quick the healing. Meriem always gets hungry after she gets injured. Meriem has healed dinosaur bites, armor-piercing bullet wounds, and even a Yeti yanking off all of her head hair: the next morning she had grown her hair back. The worst injury Meriem is shown taking is when she battled a berserk Klyde during Cavewoman: Rain. Klyde beats her to the extent that she stops breathing and appears dead. She remains in this "death state" while her enhanced molecular structure slowly repairs itself, without Meriem being able to eat anything to hasten the healing process. The citizens of Marshville bury her, thinking she is truly dead, though the healing effect repairs the damage after two weeks.

Meriem also has above average running speed, described as moving at "30 miles per hour". Once, when she ran, her boyfriend Bruce had to ride after her on his motorcycle in order to keep up with her.

She is an extremely powerful swimmer and can hold her breath for long periods when fighting underwater. She has also proven resistant to the effects of drowning, being capable of expelling water from her lungs even when unconscious.

Meriem's senses of smell and hearing are also enhanced. In addition, she has psychic powers, the limits of which have not been revealed. She can see Gramp as a kind of spirit who appears to her from time to time, offering advice and insight. No one can see or hear Gramp but Meriem. She has psychic bonds with Klyde and Harmony. Meriem's sight is also extremely good: she can see an ant up to two miles away.

She is also an expert knife thrower, and can kill a pterodactyl with a thrown blade. She is also highly efficient with a knife in hand-to-hand combat, and is also an expert with a spear. Meriem is also accomplished in wrestling and boxing.

Supporting characters

 * Dr. Francis Peacock "Gramp" Reicher – Meriem's grandfather who is a scientist and inventor. Although dead, his spirit still speaks to Meriem in her times of need.
 * Bruce Kabbit – Meriem's childhood best friend and a resident of Marshville. When meeting again in the past, Bruce becomes Meriem's lover and boyfriend.
 * Klyde – a 15 ft. gorilla that came back in time with Meriem where he became a giant creature and Meriem's closest companion and protector. He has been called "the most dangerous creature to ever walk the planet...next to man".
 * Harmony – Meriem's giant Tyrannosaurus companion, whom she saved from Velociraptors as a hatchling.

Recurring characters

 * Robert Addam Cooper – Meriem's father who died prior to the beginning of the story.
 * Gail Nicole Reicher – Meriem's mother who turned to drugs following Robert's death and fell in with some government agents at the beginning of the series. When Marshville was transported to the Cretaceous Period, Gail starts seeking redemption for how she treated her daughter.
 * Carrie Fulton – Carrie is a Marshville housewife who was once abducted by a desert tribe and was rescued by Meriem.
 * Cynthia Cross – the owner of a rabbit farm in Marshville.
 * Mona Lansing - jealous of the attention Meriem Cooper gets, plain Mona Lansing injects a blood sample of Meriem into herself, transforming her into a hot woman.
 * Fay Creighton Chaney – a former hairdresser who is now the co-owner of an ice cream parlor in Marshville.
 * Francis Reicher II – he is Meriem's cousin and is named after their grandfather, but is usually referred to by his nickname of "Lumpy".
 * Sgt. John Marstone – the sergeant of the Marshville Police Department, and has a huge ego.
 * Maggie Matheson – a Marshville civilian who is good friends with Miriem and Nathaniel Hunt. She takes a special elixir that inhibits her transformation into a werewolf.
 * Matthew Blackstone – a teenager who is the son of Nicholas and Mary Blackstone. When an electric fence was made that divided Marshville for protection from the dangerous dinosaurs, Nicholas salvaged the liquor where he and Mary got drunk and abused Matthew. After running away from home, Matthew became a gangster and gathered together some teenage criminals to cause trouble for Marshville.
 * Nathaniel Hunt – a Marshville civilian who is a known hunter.
 * Patricia Lavery – the police captain of the Marshville Police Department.
 * Professor Robert Cook – a member of the Canterbury Society of Paleontology. He is friends with Meriem and is fascinated with dinosaurs.
 * Raymond Forrest – a former member of the Los Angeles Rams who is now a co-owner of an ice cream parlor in Marshville.
 * Roberto Armstrong – a hermit living in Marshville.
 * Timothy Higgins – the police sergeant of the Marshville Police Department.
 * Will O'Brian – the coolest kid in Marshville, though does do something stupid occasionally.
 * Zak Kabbit – Bruce Kabbit's younger brother who was the first victim of the dinosaurs after Marshville was transported back in time.

Awards

 * Cavewoman was awarded the Best Pen and Ink award by The Inkwell Awards (2010) at Heroes Con.
 * Cavewoman: Jungle Tales was nominated for a 1999 Ignatz Award for Outstanding Story.

title: Cavewoman (comics)


text: User talk:83.70.36.181

title: User talk:83.70.36.181


text:
Uesugi

Uesugi (jap. 上杉, sometimes written Uyesugi) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

People

 * Uesugi clan, a Japanese samurai clan
 * Uesugi Akisada, (1454–1510), a samurai of the Uesugi clan
 * Uesugi Harunori (1751–1822), a Japanese daimyō
 * Uesugi Kagekatsu (1556–1623), a daimyō during the Sengoku and Edo periods of Japanese history
 * Uesugi Kagenobu (?–1578), a samurai and relative of Uesugi Kenshin in the Sengoku period of Japan
 * Uesugi Kagetora (1552–1579), the seventh son of Hōjō Ujiyasu and adopted son of Uesugi Kenshin
 * Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578), a daimyō who ruled Echigo province in the Sengoku period of Japan
 * Uesugi Mochinori (1844–1919), a Japanese samurai of the late Edo period
 * Uesugi Narinori, (1820–1889), a Japanese daimyō of the Edo period
 * Uesugi Norimasa (1523–1579), a daimyō of feudal Japan
 * Uesugi Norizane, (1410–1466), a Japanese samurai of the Uesugi clan
 * Uesugi Tomooki, (1488–1537), a lord of Edo Castle and enemy of the Hōjō clan during the Sengoku period of Japan
 * Uesugi Tsunakatsu, (1639–1664), a Japanese daimyō of the Edo period
 * Uesugi Zenshū (unknown-1417), the chief advisor to Ashikaga Mochiuji, an enemy of the Ashikaga shogunate in feudal Japan
 * Takashi Uesugi (born 1968), a Japanese freelance journalist
 * Teppei Uesugi (born 1985), a Japanese football (soccer) player for Thespa Kusatsu
 * Takeo Uesugi (born 1940), a Japanese-American landscape architect known for his garden designs

Fictional characters

 * Kazuya Uesugi and Tatsuya Uesugi from the anime and manga series Touch
 * Tatsuha Uesugi, from the anime and manga series, Gravitation
 * Futaro Uesugi, the male protagonist of the anime and manga series The Quintessential Quintuplets

title: Uesugi