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Talk:Detox diet

Merged with Body cleansing (talk page).

Toxins within Fruits and Vegetables
"it is known that fruits and vegetables actually contain more natural toxins than substances such as meat or fish" --User:67.102.158.90 Well known? I'd like to see some references or some actual data here.
 * Might I suggest you put up a Fact tag? To be fair, has it been proven that all these other foods contain more toxins than fruits and vegetables? Nope, but that is certainly taken for granted --Tyciol 09:31, 29 January 2006 (UTC)
 * It is a matter of semantics. Fruits and vegetables (usually) PRODUCE more toxins than animals, but they don't necessarily CONTAIN more toxins.  Also keep in mind that in terms of detox diets, "toxins" generally refer to any harmful substances which are to be purged.  These substances aren't all necessarily "toxins" by the strict definition of the word. --VeryGnawty 08:00, 31 January 2006
 * I'm a bit confused, if they produce them, wouldn't they be contained within the food? In evaluating toxic status, I think what is being asked for is proof that the 'toxic' things in certain maligned foods are more difficult to purge and more damaging than natural foods. Tyciol 05:18, 2 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, plants do produce lots of toxins, and they are contained in the food. My point was that plants don't necessarily contain more toxins.  Animals can also produce toxins (some animals even produce lethal toxins).  Animals also contain toxins that have been ingested (often FROM plants).  So saying that plants CONTAIN more toxins is fallacious, because it disregards animal diet and lifestyle, both of which have a huge impact on the amount of toxins in meat.  VeryGnawty 01:45, 2 February 2006
 * Oy... there's me not reading again. For some reason I shifted meat and fish into grains and refined products or something like that... anyway, you do have a point in the diet of these animals being a factor in their toxin levels. Especially considering that the higher on the food chain you go, the presence of contaminants seems to be a lot higher (high mercury in big fish and so on). In fact, that would say to me that animals, being consumers of fruit and vegetables (or animals consuming them), would have to have higher levels.
 * Even so, critical of this, I offer one idea... we do have natural detox methods for clearing toxins from our foods. Animals have this too, so even if fruits and vegetables have toxic contaminants, the animal's digestive system could have cleaned them, leaving them solely with good clean meat to eat. Plants need to use toxins as a defence mechanism, but animals normally don't (with some poisonous exceptions to be exempted), instead relying on speed, claws, etc. to defend themselves. So perhaps we leave it as it is but add in an exemption for animals that are poisonous or higher in toxins (blowfish, snake... etc.) Tyciol 07:51, 2 February 2006 (UTC)
 * These are all just theories. I think someone is trying to revive the meat market. If fruits and vegetables contained toxins. Then what are those toxins. Provide proof that "x" and "y" toxins occur in "a" and "b" fruits. The only toxin or rather poison a fruits contains would be in the seed. But it is known fact that the cyanide in the seed does not affect us. Another this is methanol but it is proved that it metabolises differently in the body so it does not affect us. The only other toxins apart from that would be pesiticides that are sprayed on fruits. SO we cannot cite that as a negative thing because we can always go in for organic foods.

BTW speaking on the topic of "defense mechanice" of plants. It is true but humans long ago already knew that. That is why all pulses and cereals should be soaked for atleast two hours if not overnight before cooking. But nowadays nobody follows that. This deactivates the phytic acid. I never have problem with beans(gas problems) when prepared at home because in our house we soak beans overnight. But if i have it in a hotel I have problems it is obvious that they do not soak it in water and prefer adding some baking soda to it to help it cook faster. Detox diets has shown visible benifits. This seems to be like the research done by other "scientists" on vitamins. They proved that vitamins only gave you expensive pee. But real world has proved otherwise and many people have benifited from vitamin supplements over the years. There is another research that says that vitamins should be taken with meals or else they might not be absorbed by the body. But these "scientists" dont want to tell us that as they are funded by the pharma giants, who now realised that vitamins make people healthy and that is "bad for business". I am sure this research on detox also is some similiear disinformation being spread.

Gwaeraurond's Case in Regards to the nature of Toxins in Foods
Meat bought in a store, and if not certified organic, may contain added chemical preservatives. Fresh fruits and vegetables may also contain trace amounts of chemical pollution through the soil, acid rain and air quality (e.g. roadside berries absorb toxins from exhaust fumes). All of these factors contribute to the quality of the food, and certified organicfoods have air and water polution considerations unless grown in hydroponics. The argument for and against either is very difficult to address. My reason to choose fruits and vegatables over meats is content. Meat is mostly fat and protein, where fruits and vegetables have much more vitamin and antioxidant content. These, even including trace toxins, are simply better for detoxing because it includes nutrients good for a body going through detox.

A view I feel carries a lot of weight is the belief the way an animal lives and dies affects the quality of it's meat. Under this concept, if an animal is raised in cramped conditions and then dies in a very painful way (animal cruelty) then there would be a trace "energy" transferred into the person who eats it. Although this has no scientific value, because it is a concept applied by many who perform the detox diet (myself included), I feel it has value in the argument. On the opposite side of this theory, I once met an organic chicken farmer who believed that if the animal was raised with love, and killed with prayer and respect, the quality is actually better than in plants because of a positive transfer of energy. (see Reiki, and Metaphysics) although the same could be said singing to plants benefitting their food quality. Although energies have no scientific weight, what does is that when stressed, certain chemicals are released into the body which may not be good to have or to eat, while when happy the opposite occurs. Cows have been demonstrated to produce more milk when in a good mood, chickens lay healthier eggs, and in one study performed by Myth Busters, plants really do respond to emotional voices, be it anger or song, and from a phsychological point of view when we are happy we deal with our physical health better than when depressed, and obviously a healthy animal yields healthy meat. From this perspective then, one may conclude that the emotional state of what we eat directly relates to the amount of toxins found in the system, and in turn relates to how good or bad it may be to consume. However on that regard, more studies would need to be performed but the value of the belief in itself holds value in discussion simply because it accepted and practiced. Gwaeraurond 3-3-2006, 7:17PM EST
 * I had to edit what you said a little bit to make it easier for others to read (and for uncluttering the talk page a bit), hope you don't mind. Anyway, regarding the 'energy' concepts, that's largely a religious consideration probably already included in the vegetarianism article. This article is focused on the concept of detoxifying actual theoretical physical toxins in the body through a diet, not negative energy. If there's more than what's included in the vegetarianism article, you could do something on de...negafying your energy body or something like that. I heard the thing about stress hormones in animals in a yoga book, but I really don't think it has any scientific basis. The function of hormones is to trigger various gene responses, and these are slightly different species to species. If this were a concern, it would have a negative effect upon carnivores but this has not been observed, so it's different when digesting foods rather than injecting animal hormones directly. Tyciol 01:55, 5 March 2006 (UTC)
 * No problem. The same is essentially said. In regards to the energies? It isn't a matter of vegetarianism, because as I stated it is applied by both meat eaters and plant eaters. The reason I feel it fits here is because it is a motivating factor that drives certain people to prefer the detox diet. In my own case, I was more concerned about the vibrational imprint on the physical matter. But this isn't even a religious concept either because there are supported studies. Since this is an important matter, I did my research, and here is what I found:
 * How the Mood of Cows effects Milk Production:
 * How Mood of Chickens effects egg quality
 * According to these studies, stress directly relates to cholesterol levels. Obviously then a stressed animal has higher cholesterol than one that is happy.
 * Stress effect on the immune system
 * In this study on stress, it shows how stress affects poor choice in food. If an animal is stress, it may be inclined to eat in a not so healthy way, and this would affect the quality of it's meat:
 * In this study, drumming was shown to increase the producting of cancer-killer cells, which relates to the physical effects methods of removing stress has on out bodies.
 * I could not find any conclusive studies on stress chemicals on the value of the meat, but found how stress can relate to diet and biochemical levels which may affect the quality of a meat, drawing a clear line. Obviously. I will continue to research the matter on my available time, and post again later when I find something more specific. My assumption is that, just as in humans, stress chemicals are released into the meat and stored in the body. Eating the meat causes it to be absorbed into the system, and contributing the the toxic levels of the bodily tissue.
 * And since I made a scientific claim in regards to "energies" I did my research. I think a better way to apply the concept of energies would be the vibrational effect on the cells, or resonation. My assumption, which I will continue to research and post later, suggests that the state cells are in when an animal dies, when consumed, affects our systems in a similar way. If Sound can affect cells, than this claim can be supported. However, it is very difficult to research that information, but I do remember reading about a case study where amino acids were placed in conditions that would cause genetic Molecules to form, when exposed to classic music during those conditions, specific known human genome patterns would repeatedly form, which suggested that music, or vibrations, have a specific effect on genetics and cells. This would be an explanation for the study by Myth Busters where PLants responded to sound, even though they have no ears. And on that regard, since I did not recall the actual issue where that was demonstrated, I found these:
 * Braam, J. and R. W. Davis. 1990. Rain induced, wind-induced, and touch-induced expression of calmodulin and calmodulin-related genes in Arabidopsis. Cell 60: 357-367. [Talking Heads music at 60 db for 1 minute did not induce expression of touch-sensitive genes]
 * Daedalus. 1991. Green music. Nature 351: 104. [explains fancifully how music might be used as an herbicide, claims Charles Darwin played the bassoon for Mimosa pudica]
 * Davis, R. and P. Scott. 2000. Groovy plants; the influence of music on germinating seedlings and seedling growth. J. Exp. Bot. 51: 73. [sketchy abstract-only that concludes that music does make seedlings grow faster, but the response is quite species-specific]
 * Subramanian, S. et al. 1969. A study on the effect of music on the growth and yield of paddy. Madras Agr. J. 56: 510-516. (Paddy is indifferent to daily 30-minute exposures to recorded South Indian oboe music)
 * Weinberger, P. and M. Measures. 1979. Effects of the intensity of audible sound on the growth and development of Rideau winter wheat. Can. J. Bot. 57: 1036-1039. [a variety of sounds at 90 db had little effect, but plants subjected to 105-120 db showed reduced growth]
 * The effect music has on people and even plants
 * The basis of the study by Myth Busters was actually not so much about Music, but by emotional sounds. Singing to plants, talking nice to them, improved growth while yelling at them caused them to grow sickly. This also in support of my statement about energies. Sadly, It is very difficult to obtain information off your average search engine, as there is allot of junk to shift through (I sent over 2 hours gathering all this), but hopefully I will track down more specific sources shortly when I have the time. Although this all may seem a bit off-topic, I feel that understanding how foods can carry toxins, and what forms of toxins are in practice removed has a significant impact on choice of detox diet.
 * Gwaeraurond 3-5-2006, 1:20 PM EST
 * Did some formatting on that again (view changes to see improvements), and I'll read it now. This talk, along with your special Detox diet, are getting quite large. I would like to suggest we move part of them to your user page or in a subsection of your talk page, to make this more easily navigatable, or possibly host them on a website as then they could be listed as 'External links' Tyciol 06:00, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm sory, but I think I may have said something wrong. This is more about the nature of the toxins in foods under certain conditions, than a preference for one or another food. If it was about that, than I agree, it should have been placed in a Vegetarian discussion but that isn't the case. I feel that a good detox diet should condider what sort of toxins are in our foods, so we can choose what is best for our bodies. A Plant in poor conditions would be woorse than an Animal raised in Good conditions, and vice versa. A typo O followers of a Blood type diet, for example, who wants to detox, would obviously prefer to detox while still eating meats. Understanding how choice foods in a given food selection can contain toxins would help in making the proper choice.

 * This discussion has become large because it is very difficult for me to clearly get my point across, but I don't really have much else to say so there is no need to move it. Also note, that the links I provided are not the best. A few even seemed to go in the wrong direction, so when I find the right links, I will change the links above to reflect this.
 * Gwaeraurond 3-6-2006, 7:15 AM EST
 * Oh... okay so what you're trying to say is that on average, the way vegetables are treated are somewhat better than the way most meat is treated? That could definately be true, I just got distracted by all the energy and hormone stuff :p Tyciol 18:56, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

MythBusters is fun to watch but isn't great science AFAIK. I'd have to guess plants benefit from any sort of talking over no talking because this would result in exhaling air with a larger percentage of carbon dioxide in it near them. As to whether singing/praising helps versus yelling hurting, there are so many variables there - does the body exhale different percentages of gases in these ways, does the force of expelling air make a difference, what might the sound waves be doing, etc. Possibly an article about Talking to plants could be interesting, although without sources that would likely go straight to AFD. Шизомби 14:46, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

Example of a specific detox diet rather than being inclusive of all detox diets
This seems to be a rather specific example of a detox diet. Would someone care to expand on this, reflecting the various uses of the term? Dforest 01:44, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
 * This doesn't seem like a detox diet at all, but more like an unhealthy starvation diet. I thought a detox diet was supposed to eliminate toxins and/or expose allergens. That means, no dairy, no sugar, no wheat, no booze, no dope, no chemical additives and weird ingredients that people didn't eat 200 years ago. There will be no Healthy Choice or Cup O' Noodles (blecch!) or anything in the supermarket marketed as "diet". There are different detox diets that target various organs (liver, intestines, lungs, stomach, etc.) SatanicYakuza 23:26, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This is a definate good example, you guys should add stuff like that to the article. I made some changes to make it less specific but it definately needs a lot more work and while my interest in this is high, my knowledge of the various kinds sucks. --Tyciol 09:31, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

Gwaeraurond's Detox Diet!
Said article is not a Detox Diet, and the conclusions are assumptive. Although, yes, the body is more than capable of taking care of Toxins on it's own. Certain Organs and Fat do store up Toxins, some forms of Detox diets are specifically for releasing this build-up. The Form of Detox I personally use, is done once a month or so, and not really a lifestyle. My Detox Diet:
 * (Note: On each day, I take Garlic Oil for Blood-sugar balance, Noni to Reduce the Inflammation resulting from the lack of Food, Bilberry for it's known beneficial effects on capillaries, which will be needed while the extra toxins are released, and Milk Thistle and Dandelion Root to help detox the Liver deal with the released toxins)

 * Day 1: I Reduce my eating to lite Foods, Drinking Plenty of Spring Water. The Purpose of this day is to ease my way into day two, as it is unhealthy to make any sudden changes to diet.
 * Day 2: On this day, is Fasting. My only Intake is Water, and said supplements. Sometimes I will take another day or so of this, but my first time was only half a day becuase my body was not used to it.
 * Day 3: I do the same thing as day one. It is important not to make Sudden changes in Diet, but to gradually move into and out of change.

This Diet Follows the concept, as outlined in the article, that when blood-sugar is low Toxins are released from the body. The Purpose of the lite Foods is only to give the body a step-down to Fasting, for Health Reasons. Some of the Supplements are used to help the Body Cope with the Change, while the Specific Detox Herbs are Used to Detox the Organs that have to deal with the amount of Toxins released, so it does not simply settle back in.

This is my idea of a Detox diet. I don't believe that it is Good to live like this all the time though, because the body needs a wide varity of Nutrients. For this reason, when not detoxing, I eat many different foods and enjoy the health of Balanced living. It is a diet I made for myself due to my own lifestyle. Other people will find other methods of well being, because each body is different. -Gwaeraurond 1-8-2006, 11:57 PM EST

NPOV?
I've added a tag as this article seems far from neutral as it stands - mostly it's anti-detox, with unverified claims made. sheridan 17:36, 28 January 2006 (UTC)
 * The article actually seems very pro-detox to me. The claims unverified seem more on the detox side. There's a wealth of information out there to be sourced, it's less an attack on detox than a request for a link to such information. I know this is very popular among health practice, drug recovery, yogis, vegans and all that, so I'd love to see it, and links to these sources. --Tyciol 09:31, 29 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I look forward to future discussions which can resolve any disputes of neutrality. Once we get this plant vs meat toxin discussion up top settled, are there any other issues I can aid in resolving? Detox diets are very popular and I'd like to expand on this concept. I'm betting I could find some similar ideas in a vegan or yoga article or something. Also, I'm going to link to the warrior diet because it is an example of a diet that uses detox principals within it. I have also been experimenting with categories, and I think I can tie this in with other diets. Categorizing is a beautiful way to find connected information, much better than inter-links for other wikis and 'related topics' and so forth. In fact, once categorizaiton is fully utilized and understood on wikipedia, I predict 'related topics' will all disappear. Tyciol 07:55, 2 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I rewrote the article in an attempt to make it more NPOV; and removed the tag. Must admit this was more by being vague than doing proper research and citation (badly needed!), but I think it's an improvement. I commented out a couple of statements I thought couldn't appear without citation, so "View Source" if you want to see. Tranzid 22:13, 7 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I've looked over your rewrite and it seems to make sense. I admit, I had a horrible time following it, Wikipedia needs to fix that bug where adding a tag moves EVERYTHING down, making it totally impossible to figure out what else was changed in the process without analyzing every bite of it. Anyway, in regard to the stuff you commented out, I agree that as written the protests are indeed in violation of NPOV and stuff so it was good to comment them out. I still think they are getting just criticisms in some cases though, so perhaps I can try and represent them (I would have done them better in the first place had I authored em) in a method that is more conservatively worded. Perhaps a criticism section, sections make more sense. Tyciol 09:20, 8 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Nice work :-) this article has definately improved. Tranzid 23:57, 23 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree. It looks much better. But it does need something. Why not give mention to examples of a number of different forms? For example, you stated that Fruids and vegetables are usually preferred. In this example, you might write about what different forms of diets apply it and why, with remarks for and against. The best articles I have read are one that step aside, giving many views together in an informative way, allowing the reader to make their own choices. Articles that leave any "absolutes" are the only ones that are ever really critized, which can be observed in the previous form of this article where it was mostly "absolute" and so attracted allot of attention. However, articles that do not are always the most interesting to read. -Gwaeraurond 3-3-2006, 6:35PM EST

Definition of toxin
Having looked at the discussion above, it's clear that "toxin" is being used to mean anything from "physiologically injurious species of molecule" (the exact species not being specified, with the exception of a mention on the article page of mercury - and I'm not sure that fasting is the recommended best practice for mercury poisoning) to "bad karma" or similar. It'd be nice to know if there is a consensus of what is being talked about when the term is used, and what the reason is to think that restricting one's diet for a period should have an effect - whether it's based on empirical (and hopefully non-anecdotal) evidence or on theoretical principles, and what evidence there is in turn for those principles. Pseudomonas 15:45, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

elimination through metabolism
Critics point out that the human liver, kidneys, lungs and skin have evolved to adequately expel environmental contaminants and are perfectly equipped to continue to do so unassisted.

Generally, this is true, but not in all cases. There are substances which are known to accumulate in the body, e.g. fluoride and retinoids, etc. Whether these substances can be eliminated over time through diet regimens is disputable.--Dan Asad 06:18, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

Herxheimer reaction
It is my understanding that Herxheimer reactions require a pathogen, and thus I see no relation to detox diets. I have removed unsourced references to them. Headwes 22:28, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

Malaise
Quote: "if low blood sugar levels force the body to begin rapidly metabolising large amounts of fat, then these toxins will be released into the bloodstream. Symptoms often mentioned are headaches, sore muscles..." Has any evidence been published in a _real_ journal that release of 'toxins' accounts for the slightly-lousy-all-over feeling that accompanies the early stages of fasting or 'detox'? Notreallydavid 16:24, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

Edits by User:99.244.49.244
I'm looking at the edits by this user, and some of it seems destructive. Compare now and before. In particular, the criticism section has had all its references removed, had most of the more serious criticisms removed (particularly, any mention of the body's natural mechanisms for dealing with toxins, and indeed any discussion of toxins whatsoever), and feels even more weasel-wordy than before. It feels as if someone's built a straw man in the criticism section. Some of the stuff added elsewhere seems beneficial to the article, so summarily reverting would be unreasonable, but I think a lot of what's been done to the criticism section should be undone, although I wouldn't want to do anything like this without some sort of community support. Opinions? James pic 10:40, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

Woman left brain damaged by detox
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7520756.stm —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.191.254.199 (talk) 11:27, 23 July 2008 (UTC)
 * of course, the left side of the brain is the one traditionally associated with logical thinking... one wonders if it was actually fully functioning even before she injured herself. --86.148.57.140 (talk) 02:38, 25 July 2008 (UTC)

Proposed References
This article do not contain information I expected. I was expecting more detail on detox diet when visiting this article but it only provide definition and reference to detox news. I would propose reference to site such as http://www.juice-detox.com/ and http://www.aboutdetoxdiet.com/ that will guide users to various topics directly related detox diet.
 * Those references wouldn't be considered reliable. Please see Reliable sources.  Deli nk (talk) 18:36, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

Promoting Quacks?
The Further Reading section lists a number of detox diet books. Do these actually add anything to the article, or are they just providing advertising for a number of quacks? Unless the books are notable, I'd suggest deleting them all.78.149.84.205 (talk) 14:15, 16 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Oh what the hell, I've decided to be bold. I've moved the list here if anyone thinks any should stay:78.149.84.205 (talk) 17:44, 16 January 2009 (UTC)

* Detox in a Weekend: An Easy-To-Follow Diet and Health Plan: Lose weight and improve your health the fast but safe way with a unique three-day meal planner ... in more than 250 color photographs by Maggie Pannell (2008), ISBN 1844763528 * The Two-week Detox Diet: Cleanse and boost your system in just 14 days by Maggie Pannell (2008), ISBN 1844764648 * The Detox Diet Cookbook (Healthy Eating Library) by Nicola Graines (2007), ISBN 0754804739 * The Great American Detox Diet: Feel Better, Look Better, and Lose Weight by Cleaning Up Your Diet by Alex Jamieson (2006), ISBN 1594864845 * The Raw Food Detox Diet: The Five-Step Plan for Vibrant Health and Maximum Weight Loss by Natalia Rose (2006), ISBN 0060834374 * The Fast Track Detox Diet: Boost metabolism, get rid of fattening toxins, jump-start weight loss and keep the pounds off for good by Ann Louise Gittleman (2006), ISBN 0767920465 * The Lemon Detox Diet: Rejuvenation Sensation by K.A. Beyer (2006), ISBN 0955322901 * The Rice Diet Solution: The World-Famous Low-Sodium, Good-Carb, Detox Diet for Quick and Lasting Weight Loss by Rosati and Rosati (2005), ISBN 0743289838 * The Detox Diet: A How-To & When-To Guide for Cleansing the Body by Elson M. Haas (2004), ISBN 1587611899 * Patrick Holford The Holford 9-Day Liver Detox (2008)

I detoxified this article
I removed the following statements.

"Some detox foods are even able to treat food allergies [6]

A detox diet, based on veganism and raw foodism, when combined with a proper program of colon cleansing has been the basis of successful treatment of disease for over 50 years as referenced in the "Hippocrates Health Program," by Dr. Brian R. Clement.[7]"

--74.78.116.93 (talk) 01:29, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Apparently they got added back. I was just going to let them stay, slightly clarified, but since someone else has already done this, I'm taking them back out. The food allergy thing is junk. The source is a doc shilling his own detox cure in an interview. His only mention of "curing" allergies involves eliminating them from the diet. He mentions no formal research. So that needs to go.

 * As to vegan+raw+enema=treatment of disease, I'll need to see a better source than that. The book is clearly a doctor selling a program, not a third party analysis of detox. I also don't have the book (ISBN 0962237302), and worldcat says only 5 libraries carry it . While I'm impressed you have access to such a rare book, please try harder.
 * Josephholsten (talk) 16:59, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Detox diet


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User talk:RickPrelinger

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Fanning, Missouri

Fanning is an unincorporated community in western Crawford County, Missouri, United States. It lies along former U.S. Route 66, now Missouri Supplemental Route ZZ, four miles southwest of Cuba. Fanning is also home to the world's second largest rocking chair, located outside of the Fanning 66 Outpost.

A post office called Fanning was established in 1887, and remained in operation until 1953. Fanning is named for John Fanning (1821-1906), originally of Limerick, Ireland. John Fanning was the founding railway section foreman beginning in the mid-19th century when the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway (Frisco) was first built through the region. His home, which still stands in Fanning, was for many decades the railway station, church, post office, and social center of the community.

title: Fanning, Missouri


text:
Talk:Horcrux

Phylactery
This appears to be the same thing as a Phylactery in D&D, should this not be mentioned in the article? 90.230.54.138 (talk) 00:22, 23 December 2009 (UTC)

 * It looks as if the soul fragment is a Lich, contained within a magical object as Phylactery. --RichardVeryard (talk) 03:35, 22 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I don't know of any other examples but I'd imagine the concept of a magic user achieving immortality in this fashion is a very old one in fantasy stories. I doubt either Rowling or Gygax were the first to come up with the idea. --EminentCluster (talk) 16:39, 12 April 2013 (UTC)

Etymology?
I specifically came to this article in the hopes of finding out how Rowling came up with the word. Would it be incorrect to include this info here? –  Ker αun oςc op ia◁ galaxies  08:48, 26 November 2010 (UTC)

Harry Potter's parents
Surely Harry's parents were the ones murdered to create the 'Harry Horcrux'? Greggydude (talk) 22:46, 29 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Could be. But that is speculation. And as such is against Wikipedia policy. End of story.QuizzicalBee (talk) 06:26, 30 November 2010 (UTC)

 * ISTM this one was created not with anybody's murder, but with the attempted murder of Harry. But still, best to leave the table as it is at the moment.  And BTW the story isn't quite over, because there's always a possibility that JKR'll fill us in on it one day. -- Smjg (talk) 12:16, 8 January 2011 (UTC)

Plural of horcrux
Isn't the plural of 'horcrux' horcruces? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.44.100.193 (talk) 00:54, 3 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Not according to the HP books. - filelakeshoe (t / c) 21:52, 14 April 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Horcrux


text:
Eesti Televisioon

Eesti Televisioon (ETV) (Estonian Television) is an Estonian free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Estonian Public Broadcasting. It made its first broadcast on 19 July 1955.

History
Eesti Televisioon (Estonian Television) was launched on 19 July 1955. Before that, television broadcasts in Estonia could only be received from Moscow. The first Estonian-language TV presenter was Ofelia Mikk, whose debut was in the 19 July 1955 test broadcast. Her tenure in television was cut short, because she misspoke out of nervousness.

The first tenured presenter for the nascent ETV was Ruth Peramets-Püss (1927–2005). To find a presenter, a casting competition was held in 1955, but no suitable person was found. By chance, a film in which she starred, was aired on ETV on the day of the competition, and so she was hired.

Kalmer Tennosaar (1928–2004) began as a presenter on 1 January 1956, and subsequently worked as an editor and fellow of music programmes (1957–1962, and then after 1968). He became very popular as the host of a children's songs show "Entel-tentel". Tennosaar later continued his career as a singer.

On 1 January 1993, ETV was admitted as a full active member of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). From the restoration of independence in 1991 to 31 December 1992, it was a member of the International Radio and Television Organisation (OIRT).

ETV stopped showing commercials in 1998–1999, and has again ceased doing so since 2002: its low-cost advertising rates were damaging the ability of commercial broadcasters to operate. The introduction of a system of broadcast receiver licences, payable by viewers, was considered, but ultimately rejected in the face of public opposition.

In 2002, ETV hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2002.

On 9 January 2006, ETV launched an Internet news service called ETV24. Broadcasting news on Internet, teletext, and on ETV at night.

Until 2007 ETV was operated by Eesti Televisioon, the eponymous broadcasting organisation. Pursuant to the new Estonian National Broadcasting Act passed by the Estonian Parliament on 18 January 2007, Eesti Televisioon merged with Eesti Raadio (Estonian Radio, ER) on 1 June 2007 to form the Estonian Public Broadcasting service, or Eesti Rahvusringhääling (ERR). During the consolidation, the ETV24 news service was replaced with ERR Uudised (ERR News).

On 1 July 2010, Estonia completed its transition to digital terrestrial television, discontinuing all analogue services. An informational on-screen message indicating this was visible on the old ETV frequencies until 5 July 2010.

Funding and management
The bulk of ETV's funding comes from government grant-in-aid, around 15% of which is in turn funded by the fees paid by Estonian commercial broadcasters in return for their exclusive right to screen television advertising. ETV itself is editorially fully independent.

Notable personnel
The more well known journalists of ETV include Tõnu Aav, Maire Aunaste, Grete Lõbu, Anu Välba, Katrin Viirpalu, Reet Linna, Monika Tamla, Kadri Hinrikus, Astrid Kannel, Margus Saar, Peeter Kaldre, Mati Talvik, Marko Reikop, Urmas Vaino, Jim Ashilevi, etc.

Notable former personnel

 * Maire Aunaste, presenter and show host, currently member of parliament
 * Meelis Kompus, presenter
 * Urve Tiidus, presenter, currently member of parliament

Notable past personnel

 * Valdo Pant (1928–1976), journalist and historian
 * Kalmer Tennosaar (1928–2004), early presenter for ETV, show host and singer
 * Toomas Uba (1943–2000), sports journalist
 * Urmas Ott (1955–2008), journalist, presenter and star interviewer
 * Aarne Rannamäe (1958–2016), journalist (foreign affairs), news anchor and presenter

title: Eesti Televisioon


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Talk:Soft heap

heap
if there could be, there needs to be a link to corruption. because to me, it doesn't make sense just with the word "increasing". - -evesummernight July 16 2005
 * In this case all it really means is changing the value from a correct value to an incorrect value. I'll try and clarify this somehow. Deco 19:11, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Inconsistencies
There are many inconsistencies in the Selection Algorithm example:
 * The description says n/2 elements are deleted at each step, but both the listing and the T(n) expression consider n/4 deleted elements.
 * The 25%/75% to 75%/25% split would be correct if the corruption was undefined, but since the corruption always changes the key to a larger value, the actual split would be 50%/50% to 75%/25%, if n/2 elements are removed. If n/4 elements are removed, the split would be 25%/75% to 50%/50%.
 * The T(n) expression doesn't consider the time of the "partition" call.

Anyway, the algorithm described in Chazelle's paper is slightly different.

 * I believe that I have removed the contradictions and improved the explanation of this algorithm. Bender2k14 (talk) 15:56, 24 September 2009 (UTC)

 * This line in the algorithm: "if k = 1 then return minimum(a[1..n])" does not seem to match the text (we are searching for largest k, so shouldn't we return the maximum here?). I may have misunderstood Wppds (talk) 02:48, 1 April 2019 (UTC)

Link Suggestion
There is a new paper by Kaplan and Zwick introducing a new soft heap variant. It has the same properites as Chazelle's original data structure, but with a much(!!!) simpler implementation and analysis. I'd suggest to include it as a reference.

H. Kaplan, U. Zwick: A simpler implementation and analysis of Chazelle's soft heaps. In Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual ACM -SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 2009, 477-485 141.20.24.38 (talk) 20:22, 10 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Done. Bender2k14 (talk) 23:41, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

Insertion sort?
Shouldn't that be bubble sort? As far as I can tell, bubble sort on a near-sorted array should be fast (close to O(n)). Insertion sort doesn't benefit here at all, on contrary, running insertion sort with an already sorted array is the worst case situation (unless you are smart enough to work backwards). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 138.246.7.176 (talk) 14:57, 9 April 2010 (UTC)
 * You are wrong, Insertion sort on sorted array takes only O(n) time. You just do nothing at each index as you move forwards. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 152.78.229.6 (talk) 23:28, 27 May 2011 (UTC)

Better explanation of corruption
I obviously do not understand how soft heaps works, but I would like to know whether this question could be answered in English somehow: What exactly is the effect of corruption? Does it mean that the data structure is not actually guaranteed to return the minimum when you ask it to? If so, is it really a priority queue? It can't be that all operations are O(1) and at the same time all operations are correct. Then one could always sort in linear time. Something has to yield. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.126.203.251 (talk) 17:17, 23 August 2012 (UTC)

I rewrote some parts of the explanation, hopefully it clarifies some of the misunderstandings. Cheers. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.96.49.147 (talk) 20:41, 4 May 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Soft heap


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Category talk:Christians by denomination

Untitled
In the main, are Unitarians and Universalists considered Christian? I notice that there is no sub-category for them. I was thinking of creating one, but wasn't sure it would be considered accurate. Thoughts?Bjones
 * In general, no (at least from my childhood memory). I think you'd find opposition from Unitarians at being labeled as Christians. Courtland 01:52, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

On a related note, the absence of Category:Protestants is curious to me. Thoughts on why this denomination might be absent? Courtland 01:52, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Parent category
Why cannot Category:Christian denominations be a parent category? This is a very common practice of facilitating navigation. No one is going to be confused and think the articles about Christians are denominations. For a similar example of this, see how Category:Islamic sects is a parent category of Category:Muslims by sect. Good Ol’factory (talk) 03:20, 14 June 2013 (UTC)


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User:Maurizio9

he is really the best

title: User:Maurizio9


text:
Talk:Ralph Bellamy

Untitled
Because of an uncanny physical resemblance, Bellamy was often asked to play the role of President Franklin Roosevelt, and in fact played FDR on stage, TV and cinema. (I remembered this factoid from someplace, and IMDB confirms it.) Might be worthwhile putting this info somewhere in the article. --Peripatetic

External links modified
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title: Talk:Ralph Bellamy


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Ivan Passer

Ivan Passer (10 July 1933 – 9 January 2020) was a Czech film director and screenwriter, best known for his involvement in the Czechoslovak New Wave and for directing American films such as Born to Win (1971), Cutter's Way (1981) and Stalin (1992).

Life and career
Passer was born in Prague, the son of Marianna (Mandelick) and Alois Passer. Passer attended King George boarding school in Poděbrady with future filmmakers Miloš Forman, Jerzy Skolimowski and Paul Fierlinger and playwright Václav Havel. He then studied at FAMU in Prague, but did not finish the program. He began his career as an assistant director on Ladislav Helge's Velká samota.

Later he collaborated with his friend Forman on all of Forman's Czech films, including Loves of a Blonde (1965) and The Firemen's Ball (1967), both of which Passer co-wrote and which were nominated for Academy Awards. He introduced Forman to cinematographer Miroslav Ondříček whom he knew from Velká samota. He then directed his first feature, Intimate Lighting, which was released in 1965 and is considered by some to be Passer's masterpiece.

In 1969, after the Warsaw Pact invasion, Passer and Forman left Czechoslovakia together. Both proceeded to the United States, with Forman becoming an Academy Award-winning filmmaker. Passer went on to make several prominent American films such as Born to Win (1971), a junkie drama starring George Segal and Karen Black, and Cutter's Way (1981), a dramatic thriller starring Jeff Bridges and John Heard.

Though best known for his idiosyncratic, often gritty dramas, he also directed comedies such as Silver Bears (1978) starring Michael Caine and Creator (1985) starring Peter O'Toole. Later in his career, he directed numerous films for television, most notably the award-winning biopic Stalin (1992) starring Robert Duvall for HBO. He was also a film professor at the University of Southern California.

Passer died on January 9, 2020, from pulmonary complications in Reno, Nevada. He was 86 years old.

Filmography

 * Audition (1963) (co-writer only, with Miloš Forman, Jaroslav Papoušek and Václav Šašek)
 * Intimate Lighting (1965) (also co-writer, with Jaroslav Papoušek and Václav Šašek)
 * Loves of a Blonde (1965) (co-writer only, with Miloš Forman, Jaroslav Papoušek and Václav Šašek)
 * The Firemen's Ball (1967) (co-writer only, with Miloš Forman, Jaroslav Papoušek and Václav Šašek)
 * Born to Win (1971) (also co-writer, with David Scott Milton)
 * Law and Disorder (1974) (also co-writer, with Kenneth Harris Fishman and William Richert)
 * Crime and Passion (1976) (also co-writer, with William Richert)
 * Silver Bears (1977)
 * Cutter's Way (1981)
 * Faerie Tale Theatre (1983) (director of episode "The Nightingale")
 * Creator (1985)
 * Haunted Summer (1988)
 * Fourth Story (1990)
 * Stalin (1992)
 * While Justice Sleeps (1994)
 * Kidnapped (1995)
 * The Wishing Tree (1999)
 * Picnic (2000)
 * Velvet Hangover (2000)
 * Nomad: The Warrior (2006)

title: Ivan Passer


text:
Dimethyl sulfide

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) or methylthiomethane is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2S. It is the simplest thioether and has a characteristic disagreeable odor. It is a flammable liquid that boils at 37 °C. It is a component of the smell produced from cooking of certain vegetables, notably maize, cabbage, beetroot, and seafoods. It is also an indication of bacterial contamination in malt production and brewing. It is a breakdown product of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and is also produced by the bacterial metabolism of methanethiol.

Occurrence and production
DMS originates primarily from DMSP, a major secondary metabolite in some marine algae. DMS is the most abundant biological sulfur compound emitted to the atmosphere. Emission occurs over the oceans by phytoplankton. DMS is also produced naturally by bacterial transformation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) waste that is disposed of into sewers, where it can cause environmental odor problems.

DMS is oxidized in the marine atmosphere to various sulfur-containing compounds, such as sulfur dioxide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl sulfone, methanesulfonic acid and sulfuric acid. Among these compounds, sulfuric acid has the potential to create new aerosols which act as cloud condensation nuclei. It usually results in the formation of sulfate particles in the troposphere. Through this interaction with cloud formation, the massive production of atmospheric DMS over the oceans may have a significant impact on the Earth's climate. The CLAW hypothesis suggests that in this manner DMS may play a role in planetary homeostasis.

Marine phytoplankton also produce dimethyl sulfide, and DMS is also produced by bacterial cleavage of extracellular DMSP. DMS has been characterized as the "smell of the sea", though it would be more accurate to say that DMS is a component of the smell of the sea, others being chemical derivatives of DMS, such as oxides, and yet others being algal pheromones such as dictyopterenes.

Dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide have been found among the volatiles given off by the fly-attracting plant known as dead-horse arum (Helicodiceros muscivorus). Those compounds are components of an odor like rotting meat, which attracts various pollinators that feed on carrion, such as many species of flies.

On September 12, 2023, NASA announced that their investigation into exoplanet K2-18b revealed the possible presence of dimethyl sulfide, noting "On Earth, this is only produced by life."

Industrial processes
In industry dimethyl sulfide is produced by treating hydrogen sulfide with excess methanol over an aluminium oxide catalyst:
 * 2 CH3OH + H2S → (CH3)2S + 2 H2O

Dimethyl sulfide is emitted by kraft pulping mills as a side product from delignification.

Physiology of dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfide is normally present at very low levels in healthy people, namely less than 7 nM in blood, less than 3 nM in urine and 0.13 to 0.65 nM on expired breath.

At pathologically dangerous concentrations, this is known as dimethylsulfidemia. This condition is associated with blood borne halitosis and dimethylsulfiduria.

In people with chronic liver disease (cirrhosis), high levels of dimethyl sulfide may be present in the breath, leading to an unpleasant smell (fetor hepaticus).

Odor
Dimethyl sulfide has a characteristic odor commonly described as cabbage-like. It becomes highly disagreeable at even quite low concentrations. Some reports claim that DMS has a low olfactory threshold that varies from 0.02 to 0.1 ppm between different persons, but it has been suggested that the odor attributed to dimethyl sulfide may in fact be due to disulfides, polysulfides and thiol impurities, since the odor of dimethyl sulfide is much less disagreeable after it is freshly washed with saturated aqueous mercuric chloride. Dimethyl sulfide is also available as a food additive to impart a savory flavor; in such use, its concentration is low. Beetroot, asparagus, cabbage, maize and seafoods produce dimethyl sulfide when cooked.

Dimethyl sulfide is also produced by marine planktonic microorganisms such as the coccolithophores and so is one of the main components responsible for the characteristic odor of sea water aerosols, which make up a part of sea air. In the Victorian era, before DMS was discovered, the origin of sea air's 'bracing' aroma was attributed to ozone.

Dimethyl sulfide is the main volatile chemical produced by various species of truffle, and is the compound that animals trained to uncover the fungus (such as pigs and detection dogs) sniff out when searching for them.

Industrial uses
Dimethyl sulfide is considered the most important thioether produced industrially. One major use is for the production of borane dimethyl sulfide from diborane:
 * B2H6 + 2 (CH3)2S → 2 BH3*S(CH3)2

Oxidation of dimethyl sulfide gives the solvent dimethyl sulfoxide. Further oxidation affords dimethyl sulfone.

Chemical reactions
As illustrated above by the formation of its adduct with borane, dimethyl sulfide is a Lewis base. It is classified as a soft ligand (see also ECW model). It forms complexes with many transition metals but such adducts are often labile. For example, it serves a displaceable ligand in chloro(dimethyl sulfide)gold(I).

Dimethyl sulfide is used in the workup of the ozonolysis of alkenes. It reduces the intermediate trioxolane. The Swern oxidation produces dimethyl sulfide by reduction of dimethylsulfoxide.

With chlorinating agents such as sulfuryl chloride, dimethyl sulfide converts to chloromethyl methyl sulfide:
 * SO2Cl2 + (CH3)2S → SO2 + HCl + ClCH2SCH3

Like other methylthio compounds, DMS is deprotonated by butyl lithium:
 * CH3CH2CH2CH2Li + (CH3)2S → CH3CH2CH2CH3 + LiCH2SCH3

Safety
Dimethyl sulfide is highly flammable. Its ignition temperature is 205 °C. It is an eye and skin irritant and is harmful if swallowed. It has an unpleasant odor at even extremely low concentrations.

title: Dimethyl sulfide


text:
West Sullivan, Missouri

West Sullivan is a village on former U.S. Route 66 in northern Crawford County, Missouri, United States. The community was incorporated in 2000. The population was 119 at the 2010 census.

Geography
The community lies adjacent to Interstate 44 on the east and south of Missouri Route WW. The village limits are between Sullivan to the northeast and St. Cloud to the southwest.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.36 sqmi, all land.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 119 people, 41 households, and 31 families residing in the village. The population density was 330.6 PD/sqmi. There were 49 housing units at an average density of 136.1 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.32% White and 1.68% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.68% of the population.

There were 41 households, of which 46.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 17.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 24.4% were non-families. 19.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.26.

The median age in the village was 31.5 years. 34.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.9% were from 25 to 44; 23.5% were from 45 to 64; and 6.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 47.1% male and 52.9% female.

title: West Sullivan, Missouri