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Diadectidae

Diadectidae is an extinct family of early tetrapods that lived in what is now North America and Europe during the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian, and in Asia during the Late Permian. They were the first herbivorous tetrapods, and also the first fully terrestrial animals to attain large sizes. Footprints indicate that diadectids walked with an erect posture. They were the first to exploit plant material in terrestrial food chains, making their appearance an important stage in both vertebrate evolution and the development of terrestrial ecosystems.

The best known and largest representative of the family is Diadectes, a heavily built animal that attained a maximum length of several metres. Several other genera and various fragmentary fossil remains are also known. Although well known genera like Diadectes first appear in the Late Pennsylvanian, fragmentary remains of possible diadectids are known from much earlier deposits, including a piece of lower jaw found in Mississippian strata from Tennessee.

Description
Diadectids have large bodies with relatively short limbs. The rib cage is barrel-shaped to accommodate a large digestive tract necessary for the digestion of cellulose in plants. The skulls of diadectids are wide and deep with blunt snouts. The internal nares (holes for the nostrils) are also short. Paleontologist E.C. Case compared diadectids to turtles in 1907, noting their large pectoral girdles, short, strong limbs, and robust skulls. Case described them as "lowly, sluggish, inoffensive herbivorous reptiles, clad in an armor of plate to protect them from the fiercely carnivorous pelycosaurs."

Diadectids have a heterodont dentition, meaning that their teeth vary in shape along the length of the jaws. The teeth are wide and bear many cusps or projections, an indication that diadectids ate tough plants. Some teeth are leaf-shaped and laterally compressed, another indication that diadectids were able to shred plant material. The procumbent front teeth of the lower jaw project forward. Diadectids likely had strong jaw muscles for processing plant material; the placement of the jaw joints above or below the level of the occlusal plane (the plane at which the teeth come together) would have given diadectid jaws mechanical advantage. The joints themselves give the jaws a complex range of movement suitable for consuming plants. Large holes and cavities in the skull called adductor chambers and temporal openings would have provided room for large jaw-closing muscles. A ridge on the dentary bone of the lower jaw may have provided a surface for chewing or even supported a beak.

History of study
The first diadectid to be described was Diadectes. American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope named the genus in 1878 on the basis of several vertebrae and teeth from the Early Permian of Texas. Cope erected the family Diadectidae in 1880 to include Diadectes and Empedocles, a genus he named two years earlier. Nothodon, named by Cope's rival Othniel Charles Marsh in 1878, was soon placed in the family.

Cope named several other diadectids, including Helodectes in 1880, Chilonyx and Empedias in 1883, and Bolbodon in 1896. Paleontologist E.C. Case named four other diadectids: Desmatodon in 1908, Diasparactus in 1910, Diadectoides in 1911, and Animasaurus along with paleontologist Samuel Wendell Williston in 1912. Case and Williston considered Marsh's Nothodon and Cope's Bolbodon to be synonymous with Diadectes. Marsh named Nothodon in the American Journal of Science only five days before Cope described Diadectes in Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Under rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the name Nothodon would have priority over Diadectes, but because the name Diadectes has been in use since Case and Williston first synonymized the genera, Diadectes remains the accepted name.

In North America, diadectids are known from Texas, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Prince Edward Island. A possible diadectid has also been found from Tennessee. It is known from a broken lower jaw and several teeth found in Mississippian-age (Chesterian) strata that are likely part of the Bangor Formation. In a detailed review of Diadectidae, paleontologist E.C. Olson placed three North American genera within the family: Diadectes, Diasparactus, and Desmatodon. Chilonyx, Empedias, Diadectoides, and Animasaurus were synonymized with Diadectes, and four species of Diadectes (D. sideropelicus, D. tenuitectes, D. lentus, and D. carinatus) were recognized. A fourth genus, Ambedus, was named in 2004 from the Early Permian of Ohio.

Diadectids are also known from Germany. Phanerosaurus was described from several vertebrae near Zwickau by German paleontologist Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer in 1860, but was not recognized as a diadectid until 1925. A second species of Phanerosaurus was identified from some vertebrae and a fragmentary skull in 1882, and was given its own genus, Stephanospondylus, in 1905. In 1998, a new species of Diadectes, D. absitus, was described from the Bromacker sandstone quarry of the Tambach Formation in the Thuringian Forest of central Germany. A new genus of diadectid called Orobates was also named from the Bromacker Quarry in 2004.

In 2015, the known geographic range of diadectids was expanded with the description of a new genus and species of diadectid from China, Alveusdectes fenestralis. Alveusdectes is also the youngest known diadectid by 16 million years, coming from a unit of the Late Permian Shangshihezi Formation that dates to about 256 million years.

Classification
Diadectids have long been considered close relatives of the amniotes, tetrapods that lay eggs on land or retain the fertilized egg within the mother. In 1987, the paleontologist D.M.S. Watson placed the family in the larger group Diadectomorpha, which includes another family of large-bodied diadectomorphs, the Limnoscelidae, as well as the monotypic diadectomorph family Tseajaiidae, represented by the genus Tseajaia. Throughout the twentieth century, amniotes and diadectomorphs were often grouped together using the old name Cotylosauria, a name originally used for the most basal grade of what was then thought to be reptiles. In the early part of the century, many paleontologists regarded diadectids, along with other cotylosaurs (such as placodonts), to be close relatives of turtles. In most recent studies of early tetrapod phylogeny, Cotylosauria is no longer recognized and Diadectomorpha is placed as the sister taxon of Amniota. However, while the majority of analyses now place diadectids outside Amniota, some have found them to be true amniotes.

Most phylogenetic studies of the three diadectomorph families – Diadectidae, Limnoscelidae, and Tseajaiidae – have found diadectids and limnoscelids to be more closely related to each other than either is to Tseajaia. In other words, Diadectidae and Limnoscelidae form a clade within Diadectomorpha and Tseajaia is excluded from the clade. In a 2010 phylogenetic analysis, Diadectidae formed a clade that was characterized by wide cheek teeth with cusps on either side. Unlike previous studies, it was found to be more closely related to Tseajaiidae than Limnoscelidae. The family was defined as Diadectes and all taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor with Diadectes than with Tseajaia. Below is a cladogram modified from the 2010 analysis:

Diadectes is the best known diadectid, with six species named since its initial description. In a 2005 phylogenetic analysis, most species of Diadectes formed a clade with Diasparactus zenos. Two species, Diadectes absitus and Diadectes sanmiguelensis, were placed in more basal positions. These species possess primitive characteristics found in non-diadectid forms, such as Limnoscelis and Tseajaia. Because D. absitus and D. sanmiguelensis were placed far from other species of Diadectes in the analysis, their assignment to the genus was questioned. The same results were found in the 2010 analysis. Two new genera were erected in the study to include D. abstus and D. sanmiguelensis. D. sanmiguelensis, the more basal of the two forms, was placed in the new genus "Oradectes". D. abstus was renamed "Silvadectes". However, according to the ICZN, a name presented in an initially unpublished thesis such as Kissel's is not valid. Because the names "Oradectes" and "Silvadectes" have not yet been formally erected in a published paper, they were not, as of 2010, considered valid.

In a 2013 study, David Berman argued that there wasn't enough evidence to justify Ambedus being in Diadectidae. He stated in his paper that its assignment to Diadectidae is based only on several isolated maxillae and dentaries containing cheek teeth that only exhibited a resemblance in their molar-like morphology to those in Diadectids. There are also a number of other characteristics that distinguish Ambedus from all other Diadectids, such as a shallow rather than deep deep dentary, and relatively high maxillary and dentary tooth counts, among other characteristics that distinguish them from Diadectids. Furthermore, the appearance of Ambedus pusillus so late in the fossil record also casts a doubt on the fact that it is supposed to represent the basalmost member of the Diadectid lineage. In contrast, the first Diadectids from the Upper Pennsylvanian were far more developed and had the characteristic dentary and maxillary features of the Diadectid lineage. This implicates that there should be a ghost lineage that goes back all the way back to the Middle Pennsylvanian, which is highly unlikely according to Berman.

Evolutionary history
Diadectids were some of the first tetrapods, or four-legged vertebrates, to attain large sizes. Diadectids first appear in the Late Carboniferous with the genus Desmatodon, although recently described bones from Tennessee suggest that they may have appeared even earlier in the Early Carboniferous. They underwent a small evolutionary radiation in the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian, diversifying into thirteen species and outnumbering other diadectomorphs, such as the limnoscelids. This radiation was likely the result of diadectids' expansion into a new herbivorous ecological niche that was previously unfilled.

Diadectids had a much wider geographic distribution than their relatives; while the distribution of limnoscelids is limited to parts of North America and Tseajaia is restricted to just the southwestern United States, diadectids are present in North America, Europe, and Asia. During the late Carboniferous and Permian these regions formed a single landmass called Laurasia, which comprised the northern portion of the supercontinent Pangea. For most of their evolutionary history, diadectids were likely limited to the western half of Laurasia, which is now North America and Europe. The presence of the late-surviving Alveusdectes in China suggests that diadectids radiated eastward across Laurasia. They could not have reached what is now China until the Middle Permian because, prior to that time, the Tethys Sea separated it from the rest of Laurasia. The group does not seem to have diversified to the same extent in the east as they did in the west given that no diadectids are known from Russia, which has an extensive fossil record of Early and Middle Permian tetrapod assemblages.

Diet
Diadectids were the first fully herbivorous tetrapods. Although several other groups of early tetrapods independently acquired herbivory, diadectids were the only Carboniferous tetrapods that were able to process high-fiber terrestrial plants. Diadectids were also the most diverse group of herbivores, representing the first radiation of plant-eating tetrapods. Both Cope and Marsh recognized that diadectids were herbivores in 1878 when they studied their distinctively broad, cusped teeth (in his description of Diadectes, Cope mentioned, "animals belonging to this genus were, in all probability, herbivorous" ).

Locomotion
Diadectids were once thought to be sprawling animals with their short, robust legs positioned to the sides of their large bodies. Despite this, several lines of evidence, including trackways and limb morphology, suggest that diadectids moved in a more erect posture. While earlier tetrapods possess several simple tarsal bones in their ankles, diadectids have a more complex astragalus formed from the fusion of these bones. Astragali are present in terrestrial amniotes and are identical in structure to those of diadectids. Therefore, the ankle structure of diadectids bears a closer resemblance to those of advanced terrestrial vertebrates like mammals and reptiles than those of earlier tetrapods. Since diadectids are the only diadectomorphs with astragali, they likely developed the structure independent of amniotes.

Although they bear similarities to those of amniotes, the tarsal bones of diadectids are poorly ossified and loosely connected. The digits of the foot connect only to the fourth distal tarsal, providing a wide range of movement in the foot. This flexibility enabled diadectids to rotate their feet in a forward position while walking, providing greater force when pushing off. The feet could also be placed closer to the midline of the body to give diadectids an erect stance.

Evidence for an erect stance can be found in trackways attributed to diadectids. The most well-preserved of these trackways are present in the Tambach Formation in central Germany. A 2007 study identified two different ichnospecies, Ichniotherium cottae and I. sphaerodactylum, as footprints of the diadectids Silvadectes absitus and Orobates pabsti, respectively. This was the first species-level identification of trackmakers of Paleozoic-era trackways, making the footprints the oldest yet associated with specific animal species. The close positioning of the footprints attributed to the more advanced diadectides suggests that the animals held their feet almost underneath their bodies, giving them a more efficient gait and to some degree paralleling the stance of mammals more than that of the sprawling amphibians and most reptiles.

General references

 * Carroll, R. L. (1988). Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. WH Freeman and Company, New York. ISBN 0-7167-1822-7

title: Diadectidae


text: User talk:68.101.240.35

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:68.101.240.35


text:
Phil Moore (actor)

Phil Moore (born August 24, 1961) is an American television host, writer, producer, and comedian best known as the host of the Nickelodeon game show Nick Arcade.

Early life and career
Born and raised in Baltimore, Maryland, Moore attended Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, a magnet school. He attended Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, Florida, and, after college, moved to Orlando, where he took a job at AT&T. During college, friends told him to do a local open mic night, which led him to do more standup and audience warm-up work for television shows.

He performed at comedy clubs in New York and Los Angeles, and appeared as an opener on shows such as The Mickey Mouse Club and America's Funniest People.

He temporarily moved to New York City to work behind the scenes on MTV's Remote Control, then moved back to Orlando to be with his wife and newborn son. While doing warmup work for Dick Clark on Let's Make A Deal, he was invited to audition for Nick Arcade.

After leaving Nickelodeon, Moore worked mainly behind the scenes as a writer and producer on a variety of programs.

Moore lives with his family in Los Angeles.

title: Phil Moore (actor)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Maine College Republicans

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 05:39, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Maine College Republicans
Unnecessary. Seems to be a typical state branch of the College Republicans; nothing notable about it that makes it encyclopedic. tregoweth 05:35, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. See also California College Republicans. Gamaliel 05:37, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak Delete. Politics-cruft. --Calton | Talk 06:36, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, most college clubs are not notable. Dcarrano 07:36, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable promo. JamesBurns 09:58, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Dwain 20:54, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable self promotion. --jonasaurus 21:11, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nothing here stands out as notable, and it's just a local branch of a bigger thing. -Splash 01:19, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Notable group, although regional section of larger organization, has received national recognition nywalton 05:15, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I think it's a decent article, and worth keeping. I think it risks POV to delete articles about Republican organizations, and this one seems fairly good. (I'm NOT a Republican, btw). EvilPhoenix talk 05:46, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Note that there is no Maine College Democrats, and if there were, I'd vote to delete it, too. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  05:58, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. Radiant_ >|< 08:45, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or condense and merge into College Republicans. A и D я 01D  TALK  EMAIL  05:58, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Local chapter of notable national organization is not notable. 165.189.91.148 18:35, 19 July 2005 (UTC) Sorry, got logged out before my edit.  This is Quale 18:36, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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User talk:Mickilus

Kiva
Welcome to Wikipedia. I am responsible for removing your comment about the high school use of the term kiva. If you have more material on this place, it may merit an article of its own and a directional finder on the main Kiva page. Is the reference to "The Kiva" in the school found on the web or in media articles? That may make it notable enough for an article. Or other uses of the word "Kiva" may make a seperate directional page or section of the main Kiva article worth while. However, your one sentence has no relevance to the current article. Think about it and place any new information or comments on the talk page. Look forward to working with you. WBardwin 05:37, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

A tag has been placed on Paintball Sports Promotions, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article appears to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that you can assert the notability of the subject, you may contest the deletion. To do this, add  on the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag) and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. -- Finngall  talk  15:57, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mickilus


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User talk:Matthew0028

Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

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Wikiproject Webcomics
I know you enjoy going around adding the template to every webcomic out there, but please, don't wikilink the author's name(s) unless there's already an article there for them. Most of them are only notable for their comic, and several are just redirects to the comic. Nifboy 08:05, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

A Modest Destiny
Hey there. I've just prodded A Modest Destiny as it doesn't seem to meet the web content notability guidelines. If you could take a look at it, that would be awesome. Thanks! --Brad Beattie (talk) 18:46, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:06, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Antihero for Hire for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Antihero for Hire is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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title: User talk:Matthew0028


text:
User talk:JohnDavidson

Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

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Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

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Are you...
Are you the same JohnDavidson from Just BASIC? If so (I know you've got 2 already but we like to be friendly here):

Else, welcome anyway. :) --Celestianpower hab 23:03, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:JohnDavidson


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User talk:Rodgerd

Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

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Talk:Celecoxib

Celebrex off the market
I'm not prepared to do so, but I believe this article needs someone to edit it in regard to Celebrex being off the market in the USA. One FDA link is not gonna be enough. 68.104.201.53 05:15, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Especially since I wouldn't want to be responsible for someone getting mistaken info off WP. 68.104.201.53
 * Or because it hasn't actually been withdrawn from the market? -Techelf 08:50, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Not withdrawn, (the only COX-2 inhibitor not withdrawn?) but there is a current FDA alert: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm124654.pdf.
 * Perhaps that should be more prominently displayed? Not because this is a medical reference web site, rather, because that is the single most interesting fact about the drug :~) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 218.214.18.240 (talk) 03:05, 4 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Celebrex is not off the market and has never been off the market. http://www.celebrex.com/faq.aspx (unsigned response by User:Phalaen447 signed by Jytdog (talk) 22:42, 10 February 2014 (UTC))

A bit of illiteracy.
This paragraph, though expressive of information, should be edited into standard written English or excised: "It inhibit cyclo-oxygenase 2 only without affect cyclo-oxygenase 1 cox 1 inhibit prostaglandin and thromboxan but cox 2 inhibit prostaglandin only so inhibition of cox 2 only will inhibit PGs synthesis without affecting Thromboxan so it hasn't any effect on platlet aggregation or blood clotting" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.243.54.23 (talk) 19:43, 13 December 2008 (UTC)

 * At the risk of being unpopular and considered a luddite troll... this statement could be made about 90% of WP's scientific (PARTICULARLY medical and pharmacological) articles!
 * They are DENSE with deeply technical, esoteric terminology rendered utterly illegible to the common person on the street. And yet, I have seen NO ACTION that leads me to believe the editors are moving to fix this issue. If I looked up Celecoxib in my Colliers Encyclopedia thirty years ago, about two-thirds of the words and sentences in this article would be excised and replaced with more commonly used language. And while I do accept that the world is more technically or scientifically educated since then, there remains a high barrier between specific terminology and language in scientific fields compared to standard English. What I am reading in THIS article I would think I would read in a release paper from Pfizer or similar documentation for Doctors or fellow pharmacologists, and, knowing the obfuscation and legal precision in language used by pharmaceutical companies, in their legal disclaimers. And that's fine for them. BUT WP IS **MY** encyclopedia, NOT theirs!
 * In summary, I am endorsing your assertion, but think it should be spread like a virus to the rest of WP.
 * comment added by Aragond (talk) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 218.185.60.3 (talk) 03:51, 28 June 2013 (UTC)

recent detail added to dosing
i think that recent expansion of the dosing section gives this too much weight, and violates one of the 5 pillars, WP:NOT - particularly WP:NOTMANUAL. We should either delete this section altogether or reduce it to something more simple, as it was. Thoughts? Perhaps also the adverse events... these two sections read like the drug label.Jytdog (talk) 14:01, 15 March 2013 (UTC)

American Heart Association
I can find no refernece from the AHA itself where they say celecoxib should be used "as a last resort on patients who have heart disease or a risk of developing it", however when searching this phrase wikipedia is the first result followed by an infinite list of news articles, possibly citing this one. The exact wording of this article is used in most news stories. Perhaps they have retracted this statement since then or never in fact made it in the first place? I have deleted this until someone can find a good reference for it (the reference was a dead link anyway.) It's probably a good call by the AMA if they did, but I can't confirm this. 14.203.153.172 (talk) 01:32, 19 October 2013 (UTC)
 * That is very strange! I did a google search and the first two hits were journal articles where this is said.  I am un-deleting and adding the citation. Jytdog (talk) 02:49, 19 October 2013 (UTC)

Also, on the subject of heart attack/stroke, in the 2013 meta analysis, the words "paracetamol" or "acetaminophen" do not appear anywhere in the article, so where does the comparison come from? it's true, but there should probably be a reference to that. Leftindicator (talk) 08:21, 19 October 2013 (UTC)

Update inline
So, this article has one of the oldest dated maintenance tag on Wikipedia. I figured it might be a good idea to see if we can fix that. The Update Inline tag is to see if there has been any subsequent published clinical trials on the use of the drug in treating post-surgical adhesions. Specifically, it is because the Children's Hospital Boston press release said that a multi-centre trial was planned. Here's the three trials I've found subsequently:

 * http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3829728/
 * http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1602144/
 * http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20420282

Just wondering if someone who knows more about medicine than me could take a look and perhaps update the article based on the information contained here. (Pinging User:Doc James and User:Keilana as two medical folk I know who might be able to help.) —Tom Morris (talk) 10:03, 22 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Yes that is all I find to. Will trim this. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 10:11, 22 May 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Celecoxib. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090316103119/http://www.google.com:80/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jjpBsTFN9SEtQu-xyDltivC2GJ8AD96S2KVO0 to http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jjpBsTFN9SEtQu-xyDltivC2GJ8AD96S2KVO0

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 13:34, 7 January 2016 (UTC)

Price
Drug price transparency in the United States is absolutely awful, so it is hard to find a citation for how much Celebrex really costs. However, I think the $200 per month figure is out of date, and I provided the best citation I could think of. It seems to be more like $30 per month without insurance, and even less with insurance. Fluoborate (talk) 07:19, 26 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Drug prices can vary that much from pharmacy to pharmacy, so an average might be more meaningful. -- Beland (talk) 18:08, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
 * > Drug price transparency in the United States is absolutely awful
 * (original research!!)
 * My prescription plan (state worker contract) quotes:
 * Celecoxib Oral Capsule 50 MG
 * $0.06 Per day -- $5.00 for 90 days
 * Total cost: $24.64 -- Plan covers: -$19.64  -- You pay: $5.00 / 90 days
 * The "Total cost" may be lightly marked-up wholesale.
 * Drugs.com says
 * 50 mg	celecoxib oral capsule from $29.14 for 60 capsules
 * -which is $44 for 90 day supply, half a buck per day.
 * I am sure you can pay more.
 * Costs vary very little with dosage or number of pills. (200mg is actually cheaper, for me, than 50mg.)
 * The next comment says the OTC similars are 5X cheaper. Yes, but IMHO they do not work the same, and the relaxation of pain may be worth a few bucks of cost. (original research!!)
 * . PRR (talk) 20:10, 13 August 2023 (UTC)

Comparison to select other drugs
This statement is very misleading:

"celecoxib costs about five times more than acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen — which are equally effective for pain relief"

The sentence implies that celecoxib is used when cheaper drugs work just as well. The drugs cited are first-line drugs. Thus other medications are used when these fail.

Pain relief is only one of the symptoms addressed by celecoxib. Inflammation is another issue entirely. It is common for one NSAID to work when another has failed.

Contradiction
The article says that "coxibs (which includes celecoxib) increase the risk of major cardiovascular problems by about 37%", but that contradicts the result of the 2016 study. The latter study seems to have been accepted by the FDA advisory panel so this article probably needs to explain why the previous study might have been wrong, according to experts. The FDA will probably soon update the safety warning. -- Beland (talk) 18:11, 27 April 2018 (UTC)

 * The studies could be seen to disagree, though not for the reasons you state. The first study is comparing celecoxib to placebo when it comes to its conclusion on the risk of cardiovascular problems. The second study finds that celecoxib is not significantly more dangerous than naproxen. Assuming naproxen is also more dangerous to placebo, this makes sense. The issue comes when you realise that the first study finds naproxen not to be significantly more dangerous than placebo; however, this isn't necessarily contradictory as it's possible for celecoxib to be significantly more risky than placebo while naproxen is not significantly different to either celecoxib or placebo, due to the way statistics works. PriceDL (talk) 07:49, 8 December 2018 (UTC)

 * Also, and importantly, the second study only accepted participants who were already at high risk for cardiovascular problems. PriceDL (talk) 07:55, 8 December 2018 (UTC)

 * I have hopefully cleared up the confusion with some rewrites. I shall refrain from removing the section template until someone verifies this makes more sense now. PriceDL (talk) 08:08, 8 December 2018 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the rewrite! That makes a lot more sense now, so I removed the contradiction template. -- Beland (talk) 18:52, 8 December 2018 (UTC)

Duplication of litigation involving Searle
The second and third paragraphs of the history section appear to cover the same court case. It needs to be read, and perhaps condensed, by someone with knowledge of the compound and its history. Humphrey Tribble (talk) 15:05, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Celecoxib


text:
User talk:Sjoplin

Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

 * Be Bold!
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You can sign your name on talk pages and votes by typing ~ ; our software automatically converts it to your username and the date.

If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 05:39, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sjoplin


text:
User talk:Schrodingers catsup

Welcome! (We can't say that loud/big enough!)

Here are a few links you might find helpful:

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If you have any questions or problems, no matter what they are, leave me a message on my talk page.

We're so glad you're here! -- Essjay ·  Talk 05:50, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

Charles Taze Russell
You expressed your concern about the neutrality of this article before, so can you lend your support to a vote to put a NPOV disputed tag on this article? Just make a comment on the talk page. Thanks! --K. 01:57, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Schrodingers catsup


text:
Skate sailing

Skate sailing is a method of moving over ice standing on ice skates utilizing the force of the wind. A small sail is held in ones hands or leaned against with the whole body. Using a metal blade under foot and the height of the ice skates is of much importance in being able to steer as much it is acquiring the technique to gain an edge.

Skate sailing is a windsport with a long tradition, probably as old as ice skates themselves. It is distinct from land-based Wind skating, which is inspired by Windsurfing and commonly makes use of a skateboard or inline skates.

Skate sailing is using a sail and the wind to propel oneself across any relatively flat, hard surface. Skate sailing can be done in summer on roller blades, roller skis, cross skates, etc. Winter sailing can be enjoyed on downhill skis, snow blades, ice skates, or any other sliding footwear.

title: Skate sailing


text:
Copiah Academy

Copiah Academy is an independent, coeducational, school for students in grades K3-12. The Copiah Educational Foundation established the school in 1967 as a segregation academy. The school is located in Copiah County, near the unincorporated community of Gallman, Mississippi.

Demographics
The demographic breakdown of the 695 K–12 students enrolled in 2013–2014:
 * Native American/Alaskan – 0.3%
 * Black – 1.2%
 * Hispanic – 0.1%
 * White – 98.4%

History
Copiah Academy's first classes were held in 1967 in Hazlehurst, Mississippi, just a few miles south of its current location. In 1970 the school moved to its current location on a 30-acre site.

Copiah Academy began taking steps to achieve accreditation by the Mississippi Private School Association, an accreditation agency for segregation academics.

Although founded as a school for white students, Copiah Academy now claims that it is open to college-bound students of any race, color, creed, religion, gender, or ethnic origin, but as of the 2013–2014 school year, the student body was 98.4% non-Hispanic white in a county where the overall percentage of non-Hispanic white people was 44.9%. New students in grades 6–12 must be drug tested at their parents' expense before being admitted, and all students in grades 6–12 will be subjected to at least one random drug test per school year.

Notable alumni

 * Hunter Renfroe, baseball player

title: Copiah Academy


text:
User:EjidoMike

Hello, I'm EjidoMike.... you can post all your comments here...

Manuel Rivera: Muchas gracias por el trabajo de la misión del Descanso.

title: User:EjidoMike


text:
User talk:Pfctdayelise

1|2|3|4

Diagrams
I make lots of requests for diagrams (and other media), unlike most people, so my name will probably crop up quite often. We need to look at subdividing the requested diagrams category because it is becoming very full. I've heard of the PGIP and have made one request there at meta. I would like to learn the skills for making simple diagrams (as I have noted on my Commons user page) but haven't had time to get into thus far. None of my image-making skills are very good at this stage, although my scanning is okay I guess. Richard001 (talk) 01:24, 27 July 2008 (UTC)

 * With the towers, have you seen if there is a certain person making all the requests? If it is you could ask them if they just wanted an image of the tower of any sort, e.g. a photo. With charts, would that be a subcategory of diagrams or a new one alongside it? (At PGIP it says "At this stage, illustration means diagrams. Not photographs, charts, or maps." Richard001 (talk) 07:07, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

thanks
You're right, that's awesome. Tlogmer ( talk / contributions ) 21:39, 27 July 2008 (UTC)

Talk:Orbital mechanics
Hi Beland, would you mind expanding your diagram request for this page? It's a pretty broad topic so some specifics on what you were imaginging, would be useful. thanks --pfctdayelise (talk) 15:39, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Done. -- Beland (talk) 19:23, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:The Church - under the milky way.ogg
Thanks for uploading Image:The Church - under the milky way.ogg. You've indicated that the image is being used under a claim of fair use, but you have not provided an adequate explanation for why it meets Wikipedia's requirements for such images. In particular, for each page the image is used on, the image must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Can you please check

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G'day Wikimedian :-)
Whilst it's quite likely you'll have heard this news on the grapevine, in your email inbox, or even in person - I thought that it was sufficiently exciting to warrant giving each of you a 'new messages' orange bar! This particular orange bar has been brought to you to let you know that Wikimedia Australia is now open for members!

I'm not on the committee or anything, and that's where the credit is due in getting everything to this point, but I think it would be absolutely fantastic for folks who wish to support the australian wiki community, to go ahead and sign up - we're quite likely to be the world's fatest growing chapter at the moment! Join Us :-)

Here's a little more about membership, and the mailing list in particular is well worth signing up to as well, and is a good forum to get answers to any questions answered, or to share any ideas. I've dropped these notes in under my own steam, and you've received one because you're on this list - feel free to ask me any questions, or anything - I can certainly point you in the right direction :-) cheers all, Privatemusings (talk) 04:05, 13 November 2008 (UTC)

Hobart
As for Hobart - Buckleys - you might raise chuq but that might be it. I do hope somebody proves me wrong - see my response at the project - cheers SatuSuro 06:16, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

Excellent! - I just wish they'd go to the project noticeboard as well - cheers and hope its a good meetup! SatuSuro 07:21, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

robert fleming is in london i think SatuSuro 08:02, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

(obviously you wanted a simple answer - here is an alternative) ex short term resident of queenstown, tasmania ( a very very very long time ago ) - recently seen in launceston, melbourne, scamander, salamanca place and central highlands, strahan etc - unfortunateley/but fortunately resident of the land about 800 m above and 20 km east of hesperian, gnangarra, orderinchaos, mark et al - however annual pilgrimages utilising 4 wheels and the nullarbor have occurred but will probably cease as the money runs out soon SatuSuro 11:41, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

I think if you look at edit history of most of who you have sent messages to suggest they are not around/editing at the mo. I will cease casting aspersions about the project on wiki - it seems a tired and standing joke for me that I waited 15 months for comments on at least 2 article talk pages - and they never came :( - hope you can whip some interest - however you do it - cheers SatuSuro 12:00, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

Thank you for the invite to the Hobart get together; unfortunately, stuck in Burnie for the day. :) Hope you have a great time, let me know how it goes. MojoTas (talk) 00:58, 19 January 2009 (UTC)

Hey, thanks for the invite to the meetup - sorry, I didn't log in in time to get it! Hope it went well. PanachePizazz (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 05:50, 7 March 2009 (UTC).

DYK nomination of My Year Without Sex (film)
Hello! there still are some issues that may need to be clarified. Please review the comment(s) underneath and respond there as soon as possible.

Dashboard for WikiProjects?
Hi, it was indeed good to meet you at Wikimania. Have you had any more thoughts on your proposal for a "dashboard" (my term - correct me if it's inappropriate) for WikiProject management work? Have you fleshed things out anywhere? If you've got this worked out, perhaps you could meet the chemists some time on IRC to tell us about it? We're a small but enthusiastic group, probably good for bouncing ideas off. Reply here if you like.

Thanks for writing up my Wikimania presentation and others on your blog - I think it's really helpful to have this sort of overview of the sessions (most people don't have time to watch all the videos all the way through!). Cheers, Walkerma (talk) 06:30, 30 September 2009 (UTC)

Wikinews
I have sent a mail today Otourly (talk) 17:40, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

Wellington meetup
Hey, Looking for your feedback regarding a date/time for the Wellington meetup. Happy New Year :) Lanma726 (talk) 16:01, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Pfctdayelise! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 18:23, 16 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Geraldine Doogue -

You are now a Reviewer
Hello. Your account has been granted the "reviewer" userright, allowing you to review other users' edits on certain flagged pages. Pending changes, also known as flagged protection, will be commencing a two-month trial at approximately 23:00, 2010 June 15 (UTC).

Reviewers can review edits made by users who are not autoconfirmed to articles placed under flagged protection. Flagged protection is applied to only a small number of articles, similarly to how semi-protection is applied but in a more controlled way for the trial.

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Hi Brianna, if you have the time, take a look at the latest note at commons:User talk:Pfctdayelise. --Túrelio (talk) 10:59, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/R

Thank you for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and the page that you created has been or soon will be deleted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia.

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Distributed wikis
Hi, I have mentioned your talk in this list. Do you already know when a recording of the talk might become available? Regards, HaeB (talk) 19:22, 25 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Hi HaeB. Your page was very useful to me in preparing my talk! I will post on my blog when the video is published. I will try to remember to add a link to your page as well. thanks --pfctdayelise (talk) 23:28, 25 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for linking the video. Your talk is being mentioned in the Signpost's Technology report for the upcoming issue (February 14). Regards, HaeB (talk) 07:38, 13 February 2011 (UTC)

Melbourne meetup this Saturday
Hi there! You are cordially invited to a meetup at North Melbourne this Saturday (23 July). Details and an attendee list are at Meetup/Melbourne 16 Hope to see you there! JVbot (talk) 05:12, 20 July 2011 (UTC) (this automated message was delivered to all users at Meetup/Melbourne/Participants)

Wikimedia Stories Project
Hi,

My name is Victor Grigas, I'm a storyteller at the Wikimedia foundation and we're working on gathering stories from Wikipedia editors, users, donors and staff to paint a picture of who uses Wikipedia for communication and fundraising purposes. I asked Lennart Guldbrandsson who might be interesting to speak to and he sent me your userpage. I'd be interested in speaking with you either over the phone or by Skype if you are interested in participating in the project.

Thanks :)

Victor — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.38.130.161 (talk) 21:53, 13 September 2011 (UTC)

Proposal to shut down WP Geographic Coordinates & ban coordinates on wikipedia articles
This means you. --Tagishsimon (talk) 11:51, 17 January 2012 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of AFL Victoria Youth Girls Competition

The article AFL Victoria Youth Girls Competition has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Not a notable competition, junior level only, no ongoing significant coverage in independent reliable sources

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Greenspun illustration project
Hey there. I have been vectorising images in WP:GL/I for 2-3 months. I am interested in the project since it allows people to create original art(I have done one before). I would like to take some of the illustration requests from the first round of the project. Is it possible to take requests now? Specifically, I would like to make an illustration of the Davisson-Germer experiment(Hope it is not taken already since the request list didnot contain any illustrations). What steps should I take for this? Roshan220195 (talk) 21:31, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

July WMAU Melbourne Meetup
Hi, At last month's June meetup we discussed the idea of setting up a Training Course at a University of the Third Age (U3A) to be held in 2013 and named Becoming a Wikipedia editor. In order to get this course up and running we are calling for volunteers to help develop the idea, and either tutor part of the course, or provide one on one help to students in the class. All local Wikipedians are welcome to discuss this at our 11am meetup to be held this Sunday on 22 July. Please add your name to the attending list at Meetup/Melbourne 23. Food and beverages are provided. Cuddy Wifter (talk) 02:52, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

Wikipedia:WHY listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect WHY. Since you had some involvement with the Wikipedia:WHY redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion (if you have not already done so). 2011wp (talk) 02:26, 27 July 2012 (UTC) =Book writter= Hello. I'm a Spanish user, and a few years ago I bought the book of 1000 wonders of nature. At the end of the book, I saw: Wipedia, and there were some names, and then, I saw your name. Do you have any relationship with this book? --SAVMAVGER (talk) 13:37, 17 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Hi SAVMAGER, I haven't heard of it, but it is likely they were using one of my photos. I would guess File:Mount Lushan - fog.JPG. --pfctdayelise (talk) 15:03, 11 July 2013 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for January 27
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29th Melbourne Meetup
Hello, you have previously indicated that you would be interested in attending Melbourne meetups. A meetup will be held on Wednesday August 12, 2015 6-8pm. Please check out Meetup/Melbourne 29 for details and add your name to the list if you think you can attend. --Michael Billington (talk) 12:26, 18 July 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:00, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Wikiproject Spoken Wikipedia Revival
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Problems with commons and my account
Gentle Pfctdayelise, I saw u blocked my account on wikimedia commons for passed misunderstanding on some pics i've upload on wikipedia commons, but now i see my block is activated forever... Neither of my articles was fake, neither my pics! Probably i done something wrong uploading copyrighted material i didn't know it was copyrighted but now this block is creating a big problem for me because i've no possibility to upload right pics made by me in right voices on wikipedia.it... I think my position has to be reviewed. I thank for all u can do for me and for my contribution to wikipedia, one of lasts free encyclopedias in the world! Best regards --Leopold (talk) 20:32, 11 June 2017 (UTC)

Merger discussion for Monotypic taxon and Monospecificity
Articles that you have been involved in editing— Monotypic taxon and Monospecificity—have been proposed for merging with another article. If you are interested, please participate in the merger discussion. Thank you. Nessie (talk) 15:50, 17 August 2017 (UTC)

So, question...
Where in Inner Mongolia was this picture taken? Do you remember? If it was Xiangshawan, kindly note that on the picture's information and think about adding it to the article. If not, still good to note the location a little more exactly. China's (allegedly) shrinking its desert by about 2000 sq km a year now, so it'll probably eventually make a good before-and-after scenario. — Llywelyn II   03:04, 31 January 2018 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Newman College (University of Melbourne) - map.PNG

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Melbourne Wikimeetup (June/July)
Hi, I've just made a doodle poll to vote on the best date for the next Wikimeetup in Melbourne (Beer Deluxe, Fed Square). Would be great to see you there. T.Shafee(Evo & Evo)talk 12:23, 23 May 2018 (UTC)

Date of next Melbourne meetup decided: T.Shafee(Evo & Evo)talk 01:23, 10 June 2018 (UTC)
 * When: 6-8pm, Sunday 8 July 2018
 * Where: Beer DeLuxe, Flinders St

Invite to Join WikiProject for Spoken Wikipedia
Sent by MediaWiki message delivery (talk) on behalf of WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia at 11:42, 16 May 2020 (UTC).

Updates to Spoken Wikipedia
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MfD nomination of My Year Without Sex
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title: User talk:Pfctdayelise


text:
Otto Dempwolff

Otto Dempwolff (25 May 1871 in Pillau, Province of Prussia – 27 November 1938, in Hamburg) was a German physician, linguist and anthropologist who specialized in the study of the Austronesian language family.

Initially trained as a physician, Dempwolff began his linguistic research while serving as medical doctor in the German colonies German New Guinea and German East Africa. Under the mentorship of Carl Meinhof, he began his academic career at the Hamburgisches Kolonialinstitut, which later became part of the University of Hamburg. In 1931, he founded the "Seminar für indonesische und Südseesprachen", which he headed until his death in 1938. He was also appointed to the "Königlich Preußische Phonographische Kommission" (Royal Prussian Phonographic Commission) for his expertise in medicine, as well as African and Indonesian languages. The purpose of the commission was to record the approximately 250 languages spoken by the prisoners of German WWI PoW camps.

His magnum opus Vergleichende Lautlehre des austronesischen Wortschatzes (Comparative phonology of Austronesian vocabularies) (1934–1937) was the first systematic and comprehensive reconstruction of the Proto-Austronesian sound system and vocabulary.

title: Otto Dempwolff


text:
Li He

Li He (c. 790–791 – c. 816–817) was a Chinese poet of the mid-Tang dynasty. His courtesy name was Changji, and he is also known as Guicai and Shigui.

He was prevented from taking the imperial examination due to a naming taboo. He died very young, and was noted for his sickly appearance.

He was a diligent poet, going out on journeys during the day and, when a line of poetry came to him, jotting it down, and completing the poems when he arrived home in the evening. His poems famously explored ghostly, supernatural and fantastic themes.

His popularity and place in the Chinese literary canon has fluctuated throughout the centuries. His idiosyncratic style of poetry was frequently imitated in China until the Qing dynasty. During this era, the popularity of his poetry suffered from a change in literary tastes, with his works notably being excluded from the influential Three Hundred Tang Poems, but there was a revival of interest in him in the twentieth century. He was among the Tang poets most admired by Mao Zedong.

Names
His courtesy name was Changji, and he is also known by a combination of his surname and courtesy name, Li Changji.

He was also known as Guicai (鬼才, "devilish talent") by contrast of his morbid poetic style to Li Bai's Tiancai (天才 "heavenly talent") and Bai Juyi's Rencai (人才 "humanistic talent"). This title was given him by the Song scholar Qian Yi in his work Nanbu Xinshu.

He was also dubbed the "Poetry Devil" (詩鬼), while Li Bai was called the "Poetry Immortal" (詩仙) and Du Fu the "Poetry Sage" (詩聖).

Background and early life
His family were of distant royal descent (from the Li family who were the ruling dynastic family of the Tang dynasty), but his branch's fortunes had declined early on, and by Li He's time they were of low rank. Both the Tang state histories refer to him as a "descendant of Zheng Wang", but there is dispute as to the identity of Zheng Wang. The theory with more support among scholars is that it refers to Zheng Xiao Wang Liang ( zh ), an uncle of Li Yuan, the first Tang emperor; another theory is that it refers to the thirteenth son of Li Yuan, Zheng Wang Yuan Yi ( zh ).

He was born in 790 or 791. It seems likely that he was born in the year of the Horse, as some twenty-three of his surviving poems use the horse as a symbol for the poet. A native of Fuchang County (west of modern-day Yiyang County, Henan Province), he started composing poetry at the age of seven, and by around 15 he was being compared to the yuefu master Li Yi.

Political career
When Li was 20, he attempted to take the Imperial Examination, but was forbidden from doing so because of a naming taboo: the first character (晉, jin) of his father's given name (晉肅, Jinsu) was homophonous with the first character (進) of Jinshi (進士), the name of the degree that would have been conferred on him had he passed. Ueki et al. (1999) speculate that this was a pretext devised by rivals, who were jealous of his poetic skill, to prevent him from sitting the examination.

Han Yu, who admired his poetry, wrote Hui Bian (諱弁) to encourage him to take the exam, but Li was ultimately unsuccessful. He served only three years, in the low-ranking office of Fenglilang (奉禮郎) before returning to his hometown.

Sickness and death
He is described as having a very sickly appearance: he was supposedly very thin, had a unibrow, and let his fingernails grow long. Li He died a low-ranking and poor official in 816 or 817, at the age of 26 or 27. The Short Biography of Li He reports that at the hour of his death he was visited by a figure in scarlet who told him that Shangdi had summoned him to heaven to write poetry.

Poetry
In literary history, Li is generally considered a poet of the so-called Middle Tang period, which spanned the late-eighth and early-ninth centuries. Among his poetic influences were his older contemporary Meng Jiao and the aforementioned Han Yu. Other sources that have been identified as influencing Li's poetry were the shamanistic elements of the Chu Ci and the idiosyncratic poetry of Li Bai.

About 240 of his poems survive. The New Book of Tang reports that few of his poems survived because of their strangeness and because of Li's early death. An anecdote in the Taiping Guangji records that a cousin of Li's was asked to compile a collection of his poems, but because he did not like Li personally he eventually threw what had been collected in the privy.

There are two extant anthologies of his poems: the Collected Songs and Verses of Li He and the Wai Ji.

The Short Biography of Li He describes him as a diligent poet, who carried an old brocade bag around with him, and when a line of poetry came to him he would jot it down and put it in this bag. After getting home, he would arrange these lines into a poem.

His poetry is unique, filled with fantastic and unusual imagery, which is where he gets his nickname "Guicai" (see above). Virtually none of his surviving poems are in regulated verse form, and his poems make frequent use of inauspicious words such as "aging" and "death". In poems like "Tianshang yao" and "Meng tian", he wrote evocatively of the worlds of gods and Buddhas.

He also gave eerie descriptions of the world of ghosts in his poems "Qiu lai" and "Shen xian qu". The spiritual symbolism Li employed in the latter poem has been called "nearly impenetrable".

"Shen xian qu" was the name of a popular folk song going back at least as far as the Six Dynasties period, and Li's poem borrows the name of this song. The song originated in the Nanjing area, as a ritual song meant to be played at religious ceremonies to invite the favour of the gods. Li's poem describes the supernatural world but this is not the case with the original folk song.

He frequently combined colour and feeling imagery in his poetry, as can be seen in his poems "Tianshang yao" (see above) and "Qin wang yin jiu".

His poetic style was dubbed Changji-ti by later critics, after his courtesy name. The Song commentator Yan Yu listed this as one of the individual author-based styles of poetry that was frequently imitated.

Reception
Several modern Western and Japanese critics, including A. C. Graham, Naotarō Kudō, and J.D. Frodsham, have claimed that Li's poetry was not widely read until the modern era, but this is not entirely accurate. In a 1994 survey, Wu Qiming pointed out that Li was in premodern China more subject to imitation than to neglect.

Tang and Song dynasties
Two poets of the generation following Li He, Du Mu and Li Shangyin, commemorated Li in their prose writings: a preface to Li's collected poems and a short biography of Li, respectively. Du Mu's preface in particular is taken as proof that Li's poetry was being compiled and edited within a few decades of his death, as internal textual evidence dates the preface to 831. The Tang author Pi Rixiu also wrote about Li He's poetry alongside that of Li Bai in his critical work "Liu Zao Qiang Bei".

He was also one of a group of Tang poets frequently quoted in the lyrics of Song-era musicians such as Zhou Bangyan (1056–1121). Yan Yu, in his work Canglang Shihua, contrasted Li to the earlier poet Li Bai. The earliest surviving edition of Li's poetry was collected and annotated in the Southern Song dynasty.

Yuan and Ming dynasties
Many shi poets of the Yuan dynasty emulated Li's poetic style. These included Cheng Tinggui (成廷珪), Yang Weizhen, and Gu Ying (顧瑛), as well as the early Ming poet Gao Qi.

The Ming scholar Hu Yinglin read Li's poetry politically as "the tones of a ruined state" and recognized that Li's poetic style was especially influential during the latter years of various dynasties.

Qing dynasty
There was an upswing in popularity of Li's poetry from the late Ming to the mid-Qing dynasties. A great many newly annotated collections of Li's poetry appeared during this period, and his poetry was widely imitated. The scholar wrote a five-volume commentary on his poetry.

Around the mid-Qing dynasty, though, Li's poetry began to fall out of favour with the literary establishment. The anthologist Shen Deqian included a scant ten of Li's poems in his influential work . Shen was highly critical of his contemporaries' tendency to imitate Li's poetry. Li's poetry was also conspicuously absent from the Three Hundred Tang Poems, the arbiter of poetic tastes in the late Qing and early twentieth century.

Modern era
Along with Li Bai and Li Shangyin, Li He was one of the "Three Lis" (三李) admired by Mao Zedong. In 1968, Roger Waters of the rock band Pink Floyd borrowed lines from Li's poetry to create the lyrics for the song "Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun".

In his article on Li for the Chūgoku Bunkashi Daijiten, Japanese sinologist Kazuyuki Fukazawa called him "the representative poet of the Middle Tang". According to French sinologist François Jullien, Li He's poetry was readmitted to the Chinese literary canon "at the end of the nineteenth century ... [when] ... Western notions of romanticism [allowed] the Chinese to reexamine this poet, allowing the symbolism of his poems to speak at last, freeing his imaginary world from the never-ending quest for insinuations." Paul W. Kroll, in his chapter on Tang poetry for The Columbia History of Chinese Literature, called Li "[t]he most eccentric poet of the T'ang, perhaps in all of Chinese poetry", and dubbed him "the Chinese Mallarmé" for his almost inscrutable poetic style and use of imagery.

title: Li He


text:
User talk:Zelphics

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title: User talk:Zelphics


text:
Marion Alice Orr

Marion Alice Orr, CM (born Powell; 25 June 1918 – 4 April 1995) was a pioneering Canadian aviator who was the first woman to run a flying school. She served with the Air Transport Auxiliary during World War II and was awarded the Order of Canada in 1986.

Early life
Orr was born Marion Alice Powell in Toronto, Ontario. On 5 January 1940, she obtained her private pilot's licence after working to pay for her flying lessons. She then worked as an aircraft inspector at de Havilland Canada, and qualified for her commercial licence two years afterwards. She was the second woman in Canada to qualify as an air traffic control assistant. In 1942 she married D.K. "Deke" Orr. He helped her gain her instructor's licence in 1942. The marriage was brief and the couple separated later that year, although Marion Orr, as she was now known, would keep her married surname.

World War II
After being told about the Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA) by Violet Milstead, she applied, was tested in Montreal and was admitted to the ATA. Orr and Milstead moved to England in the summer of 1942. Orr officially joined the ATA on 5 April 1943. Her first flight for the ATA was on 2 June 1943. Her favourite aircraft to fly was the Spitfire, which she considered "the most beautiful plane ever built."

She began her career ferrying airplanes across the Atlantic, according to her citation for the Order of Canada. The Maidenhead Heritage Centre, the Spiritual Home of the ATA, and the Royal Air Force Museum report that no ATA pilot ferried aircraft across the Atlantic. Her ATA record card in the RAF Museum shows she flew about 15 aircraft types, including the Airspeed Oxford, the only twin-engine machine. None of these types was capable of flying the Atlantic. Instead, she flew aircraft to and from factories, squadrons and other units.

She was honourably discharged from the ATA with the rank of second officer in September 1944 with 700 logged hours.

Post-war career, life and honours
Orr assumed the responsibility of Aero Activities Limited at Barker Field in 1947 and two years later acquired the company starting her own flying school in 1949. She was forced to close at Barker Field because the airfield was sold for developed purpose; Aero Activities Limited was relocated to Maple, Ontario where she had to get permission from the Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent to open her own airfield, Maple Airport.

She was awarded the Ninety-Nines Inc. Medallion in 1976 in recognition of her outstanding achievements in the field of aviation. In 1981 Orr was named a member of Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame. During her career she flew over 21,000 hours, 17,000 hours as an instructor on single and twin-engine aircraft, on wheels, skis and floats, and helicopters. She also taught around 5000 people to fly. As one of Canada's most distinguished pilots, she was made a Member of the Order of Canada in 1993.

Marion Orr continued to fly until her deteriorating health saw her licence revoked in 1994. She died in 1995 in an automobile accident.

title: Marion Alice Orr


text:
User talk:333222

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes ( Redwolf24 05:45, 14 July 2005 (UTC) ) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes ( Redwolf24 ) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

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 * It's not used anymore so I have no objection to this image being deleted. Conch Shell 09:41, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:333222