text:
War Precautions Act 1914

The War Precautions Act 1914 was an Act of the Parliament of Australia which gave the Government of Australia special powers for the duration of World War I and for six months afterwards.

It was held by the High Court of Australia in Farey v Burvett that during wartime, the scope of the federal Government's power under Section 51(vi) of the Australian Constitution (under which the Act was passed) expands to meet the exigencies of wartime. As a result, the responsibility for defence policy lies solely with the Parliament and the Executive. There were 3,442 prosecutions under the Act, almost all of which were successful.

The Act
Under the Act, which was to be read as one with the Defence Act 1903–1912, the Commonwealth could make regulations "for securing the public safety and the defence of the Commonwealth", including:

 * preventing espionage and other activity that could "jeopardize the success of the operations of any of His Majesty's forces," securing "the safety of any means of communication", and preventing "the spread of reports likely to cause disaffection or alarm" (the breach of which was subject to trial by court-martial)
 * prohibiting aliens from entering the Commonwealth, or requiring their deportation therefrom
 * prohibiting aliens from residing or remaining in a specified place, or requiring them to reside and remain in a specified place
 * regulating the registration and change of abode of aliens, and any travelling and trading done by them
 * imposing similar restriction on naturalsed citizens as could be imposed on aliens
 * requiring "any person to disclose any information in his possession as to any matter"
 * preventing "money or goods being sent out of Australia" except under certain conditions

Later amendments expanded the scope of regulations to cover:

 * the restriction the transmission abroad of all written communication other than through the post
 * the ownership of property held by enemy aliens, and the regulation or restriction of any trade or business operated by them
 * the conditions (ie, times, place and prices) of the disposal or use of any thing
 * the requisitioning of any thing

From 1915, the scale of punishments for offences under the Act was:

 * on summary conviction: a fine of up to £100 or imprisonment up to six months, or both
 * on indictment: a fine of any amount or imprisonment for any term, or both
 * on court-martial: the same punishment as if the offender had been subject to military
 * where, on indictment or court-martial, an offence was committed with the intention of assisting the enemy: the person was liable to suffer death

Regulations issued under the Act required all persons over 16 years of age, on leaving Australia, to possess a passport.

Other wartime legislation
Although the Act possessed very broad scope, it was not omnipotent. Other Acts were passed by the Parliament during the war relating to:

 * criminal and civil sanctions for trading with the enemy,
 * cancellation of commercial contracts with firms in enemy countries, and
 * levying of an income tax

Controversies
During the conscription referendums of 1916 and 1917, a regulation that banned statements likely to prejudice recruiting was used to hamper the anti-conscription campaign. Almost any anti-conscriptionist speech could be construed as offending, and a number of prominent anti-conscriptionists were charged, including John Curtin.

When coal-miners in New South Wales went on strike in 1916, the Act was used to empower the Attorney-General to order the men back to work. The following year, a nationwide strike of Waterfront workers was defeated by the passing of a regulation that deprived the Waterside Workers Federation of preferences in seven of the busiest ports in Australia. Although in many cases the use of the Act in settling labour disputes could be seen as necessary for the war effort, some other uses appeared calculated to suppress the labour movement. For example, in September 1918 the Act was used to ban the use of the red flag, a traditional labour emblem.

On a number of occasions, the Aliens Restrictions Orders made under the act were used to deport radical left-wing activists, particularly members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), without trial. In July 1918, New Zealand-born IWW leader Tom Barker was deported to Chile. The following year, strike leader Paul Freeman was secretly deported in a case that became a cause celebre for the labour movement.

Following the end of the war, the Act's continued operation led to a series of violent demonstrations known as the Red Flag Riots.

Demise
The Act was later repealed by the War Precautions Act Repeal Act 1920.

title: War Precautions Act 1914


text:
Talk:MSN Virtual Earth

Renaming and forking
Renaming article to MSN Virtual Earth is necessary or a separate article to reflect the difference between MSN Web-based feature and Microsoft Windows client software. -- 01:14, July 26, 2005 Djkinsella

 * Do whatever that is required to better reflect the fact. By the way, where is the client software? I can't wait to try it. -- Toytoy 01:43, July 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * I've updated the main page to "online service" instead of "Windows software". What indication do you have that there will be a client-based version of Virtual Earth? --J. J. 18:17, 2005 August 24 (UTC)

 * Sorry, misinformation, I guess. -- Toytoy 12:18, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * It seems to be renamed again: Windows Live Local (powered by Virtual Earth) Beta. It also now links to http://local.live.com/ --82.176.160.13 10:33, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

Digital Biosphere
Apart from the ones you talk, there is also my project at www.digitalbiosphere.com (should be a .org in fact). It is really metaverse oriented, in Java3D. Yet it is not finished/working, but interesting to give people/developers ideas about what a Metaverse should be: that is a VirtualEarth stored as an Object database. Also look at Metaverse article. I must also tell that I am not provider of data maps but rather expect to use the ones from NASA (SRTM30plus, SRTM90). Yet I don't dare writting articles about my own projects, this sounds nasty to me. Ok well, not that nasty but yet a bit. Let me know at silvere@digitalbiosphere.com if I should or if you want more info.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:MSN Virtual Earth


text:
Mesne

Mesne (an Anglo-French legal form of the O. Fr. meien, mod. moyen, mean, Med. Lat. medianus, in the middle, cf. English mean), middle or intermediate, an adjective used in several legal phrases.

 * A mesne lord is a landlord who has tenants holding under him, while himself holding of a superior lord. Similar ideas are subinfeudation and subcontract.
 * Mesne process was such process as intervened between the beginning and end of a suit.
 * Mesne profits are profits derived from land while in wrongful possession, and may be claimed in damages for trespass, either in a separate action or joined with an action for the recovery of the land. The plaintiff must prove that he has re-entered into possession, his title during the period for which he claims, the fact that the defendant has been in possession during that period, and the amount of the mesne profits. The amount recovered as mesne profits need not be limited to the rental value of the land, but may include a sum to cover such items as deterioration or reasonable costs of getting possession.
 * Mesne conveyances are transfers of ownership or possession occurring in intermediate positions in the chain of title between the original owner and the current owner.

Placenames

 * Mesnes Park in Newton-le-Willows, Merseyside
 * In Gloucestershire, Clifford’s Mesne in Newent
 * In Greater Manchester, there are several places with "Mesne" in the name
 * Mesne Lea in Walkden, Salford
 * Mesnes Park in Wigan
 * Worsley Mesnes in Pemberton, Metropolitan Borough of Wigan

title: Mesne


text:
Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's 5000 metres team race

The men's 5000 metres team race was the final track and field event on the athletics programme at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was the first time that a team race was held at the Olympics. It was held on July 22, 1900.

Two teams of five athletes competed: Racing Club de France from France and a team representing the Amateur Athletic Association of England, composed of four British athletes and Stan Rowley of Australia.

The AAA team won the competition by 26 points to 29 despite Rowley being unable to finish due to injury.

Background
This was the first Olympic team race, but the only time the event was held at a distance of 5000 metres. The distance would vary at 4 miles in 1904 and 3 miles in 1908, before consistency was reached beginning in 1912, with the 3000 metres distance used that year as well as in 1920 and 1924.

After 1924, the team race was then removed from the program, and has not featured again since.

Competition format
The event consisted of a single heat in which each of the ten runners completed ten laps of the 500 metre track. Runners scored points for their team equal to their place in the race, with the team with the lowest number of points winning.

Records
This was the first major international 5000 metre race with team scoring, and one of the first major 5000 metres races in history overall.

Though the distance was relatively new, the fastest time recorded over a comparable distance was 15:54 for 3$1/4$ miles (5230m), which was a split time in a 4-mile race by Walter George in 1884: though a specific 5000m split was not taken, this pace converts to about 15:12 for a 5000m.

Charles Bennett set the de facto Olympic and World records for the event in the competition, winning in 15:29.2.

Results
Rimmer and Bennett led the entire way, followed by the first three Frenchmen not far behind. Tysoe and Robinson kept pace with Castanet and Champoudry in the third bunch of runners, while Rowley had been injured and began walking after completing the first lap.

Bennett pulled away from Rimmer in the final sprint, being followed by the first three Frenchmen.

When Champoudry crossed the finish line in ninth place, the injured Rowley finished his seventh lap, and was by now clearly in pain. While the rules of the event had stated that all five team members were required to finish for the team to score, race officials conceded it would be pointless for Rowley to walk the final 1500 metres, and allowed him to retire.


text: Talk:Ayane (Dead or Alive)

title: Talk:Ayane (Dead or Alive)


text:
Hightower High School

Hightower High School is a secondary school (grades 9–12) located at 3333 Hurricane Lane, Missouri City, Texas, United States, adjacent to The Fort Bend Parkway Toll Road.

Hightower is administered by Fort Bend Independent School District and its mascot is Poseidon, but they are known as the Hightower Hurricanes.

Hightower serves parts of Missouri City, a portion of the city of Arcola, sections of the unincorporated area of Fresno, a small section of western Pearland, and the neighborhood of Lake Shore Harbour, which is located in the extraterritorial jurisdiction of Missouri City. Hightower previously served the rest of Arcola, sections of master-planned community of Sienna Plantation, and the unincorporated area of Juliff.

The school is named after Lockhart Valentine (L.V.) Hightower, a former principal in the district. Hightower had served as an American football coach for Sugar Land High School.

History
Hightower opened on August 13, 1998 and was dedicated on October 11 of the same year. The $35 million school campus, when opened, had fewer than 600 students and 50 teachers. The school only served freshmen and sophomore classes during its first year. Hightower was FBISD's seventh comprehensive high school.

Debbie Dunlap was the first principal. Todd Spivak of the Houston Press said that Dunlap "was hailed for assembling a staff that some say included the best high school teachers in the Houston area" and that the school "quickly gained a reputation for academic excellence and became a destination school for veteran teachers." Dunlap left her position in 2003 so she could work for a teacher certification company.

Patricia Paquin became the next principal. During each year of Paquin's term, until 2006, between 35 and 55 teachers left the school. Todd Spivak of the Houston Press said that many teachers believed that Paquin micromanaged too closely.

In the 2005–2006 school year, Paquin gave over 1,800 suspensions. Spivak said "This would appear to indicate the work of a strict disciplinarian. But many teachers and parents say student behavior at Hightower is getting only worse, with fights breaking out on a regular basis."

Pavlos Karnezis, a 12th grade honors student, was sent to jail and later expelled from school for bringing a knife to class in November 2005. Karnezis was sentenced to a boot camp. Karnezis' parents fought and had the expulsion decision overturned in 2006, allowing Karnezis to return to class.

Viretta West was principal from 2008 to 2016. Frederick Richardson was an interim principal for the Fall semester of 2016, and Thomas Wallis was the interim principal for the Spring semester of 2017. The current principal is Andre Roberson.

By 2006, Hightower had over 2,600 students and 140 teachers.

Academies
In 2006, Hightower High School was one of the district's only two high schools with block scheduling. Todd Spivak of the Houston Press said during that year that the school "is considered the most innovative of the district's seven public high schools". As of the 2015–16 school year, the school went to a normal 7- period schedule.

Hightower has specialized academies that offer specialized education for gifted and ambitious students.

The Medical Science Academy offers courses such as Medical Terminology and Medical Ethics. Also, a Medical Science Internship is offered in which students may volunteer in a hospital. The current coordinator of the Medical Science Academy is Donald Lam.

The academy has merged with the Telecommunications Media Academy as the Digital Media Academy. The current coordinator of the Digital Media Academy is Laine Skelton.

Athletics
In 2006, Todd Spivak of the Houston Press said that Hightower's athletic facilities were "state-of-the-art" and "rival those of some colleges." Hightower is adjacent to the District owned Hall Stadium and Hopson Field House, resulting in a decrease of transportation for football games.

As of February 1, 2016, Hightower is one of the eight 6A schools in the District. In UIL terms, they are in district 6A-20, alongside Austin, Bush, Clements, Dulles, Kempner, Ridge Point, and Travis High Schools, all of which are in Fort Bend ISD.

Student bodies
In 2016, 72% of the school's student body was African American and Hispanic.

Associations
In 2006, Hightower qualified 16 students for the National HOSA competition in Anaheim, of which all 16 placed top 4 or higher in their respective categories. In addition, 2 students qualified for the FBLA national competition in Nashville, Tennessee.

In 2007, Hightower High School qualified 31 students for the National HOSA Conference in Orlando, Florida, the most out of any school in the nation. They will compete in mid-June, 2007.

In 2008, Hightower High School qualified 38 students for the National HOSA Leadership Conference in Dallas, Texas. The team earned one gold, nine silver and eight bronze medals. Team members Jonathan Vo and Matthew Lei were also named to the mastery level of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Current Events Roster based on their placement in the top 10 in the United States.

In 2010, Hightower High School qualified 34 students for the National HOSA Leadership Conference in Orlando, Florida. The team earned 2 gold, 4 silver, and 2 bronze medals along with 15 other finalists that placed top 10 or higher.

Hightower High School originally had a Robotics team, which has placed in several local and statewide competitions.

On the final week of 2015 (Dec 27-Jan 1), the Hightower High School "Hurricane" Marching Band was invited to perform at the 2015 Chick-Fil-A Peach Bowl on New Year's Eve, including a mass band, parade, and other competitions. They returned with (in Category 3) 3rd place Silver for field show, 1st place Gold for marching percussion, Honorable mention for parade, and Best Drum Major award.

In 2019, Hightower High School qualified 9 students for the National HOSA Leadership Conference in Orlando, Florida. The group consisting of Saeed Ahmed, Gayathry James, Gisela Mathew, Yasamine Shehni, Susan Varghese, and Natasha Verghese earned second place in the Secondary-Division event of Public Health Emergency Preparedness. Contender Isabella Gándara received a 'Highest Overall Score' award in the Secondary-Division of the Health Care Issues Exam.

Feeder patterns
The following elementary schools feed into Hightower:
 * Burton
 * Goodman
 * Palmer (partial)
 * Parks

The following middle schools feed into Hightower:
 * Lake Olympia (partial)

Notable alumni

 * D. J. Augustin – Former point guard for the University of Texas Longhorns and drafted to the Charlotte Bobcats. (Class of 2006)
 * Matthew Adams – Current NFL football player for the Indianapolis Colts.
 * Cory Rodgers – Former football player for the NFL Green Bay Packers, and current player for the CFL BC Lions. (Class of 2002)
 * Herbert Taylor – Former NFL Football player for the Kansas City Chiefs. (Class of 2002)
 * Danuel House – Professional basketball player for the Houston Rockets of the NBA (class of 2012)
 * Bralon Addison
 * Eric Moreland
 * Garlon Green
 * Alonzo Highsmith Jr. - Area Scout for the Buffalo Bills
 * Christopher G. Hollins – Harris County clerk, involved in the 2020 U.S. elections
 * Sauce Walka – Houston Rapper
 * Sebastien Ibeagha – Current soccer player for FC Dallas of the MLS (Class of 2010)

title: Hightower High School


text:
User talk:80.229.160.150

I am no longer visiting Wikipedia for the specific purpose of editing it. However, I continue to use it as a source of reference, and if while doing so I happen to become aware of errors in articles then I may occasionally make minor corrections, but I do not intend to participate in project pages or to do major editing.

Given the occasional and minor nature of any edits I make from now on, I do not intend to log in with an account. I am also really not interested in getting into discussions about my edits, so if I have made an edit that you disagree with, then please just go ahead and fix it as you see fit. If I find that minor editing leads to discussion, then sorry but I will refrain from making any corrections and will use this site in an entirely read-only fashion.

This internet connection is used by a few people, so messages on this talk page are discouraged because they may cause confusion to others who share the connection. Thank you for your understanding in this. -

Kricji listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Kricji. Since you had some involvement with the Kricji redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. Peter Rehse (talk) 08:05, 14 April 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:80.229.160.150


text:
Didi Senft

Dieter "Didi" Senft (born 7 February 1952) is a German cycling fan who is known as Didi the Devil or El Diablo at the Tour de France and Giro d'Italia. Since 1993, he has been seen in the Tour and Giro's many stages wearing his red devil costume and painting trident symbols on the road some miles before he appears. Senft said the inspiration for his costume came from secretly watching the Tour de France on West German TV and hearing a broadcaster refer to the red triangular flag that marks the last kilometer as "the devil's red flag."

Biography
Senft is an inventor who has created numerous unusual bicycles including the largest rideable bicycle in the world. He has 17 world records from bike-related inventions. According to the Guinness Book of Records, Senft built the largest mobile guitar, taking the form of a bicycle.

During multi-day stage races he often travels ahead of the race itself in a custom-decorated camper vehicle, picking various locations for the race to pass by. He is also a regular attendee at important single day races, such as the spring classics and world championships.

In 1996, Senft travelled to Atlanta, Georgia, USA, to cheer on the athletes during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games cycling road race on the streets of suburban Buckhead.

During the 2006 Tour of Switzerland, Didi Senft painted his signature trident on the road before the competitors were set to go by. However, the local Swiss police told him it was illegal and asked him to remove the marks in order to avoid facing a fine.

He was again in the spotlight at Euro 2008 when he rode through Klagenfurt in his specially created "Football Bike" prior to the Germany vs Croatia Match.

He was seen at the 2011 and 2012 Giro d'Italia and the 2011 Cologne Marathon in a pink devil costume.

In 2012, Senft confirmed he would miss the Tour de France for the first time since 1993 after undergoing surgery. "I just got back from having my head x-rayed, the third time in three weeks, I feel like a Chernobyl reactor," he told Cyclingnews.com. "Today the results were much better and I can start doing more things every day." Following his enforced absence from events, Senft was present at the 2012 World Championships, and has been at the Tour de France in each edition since, as of 2024.

title: Didi Senft


text:
User:Darc

 * /monobook.css

title: User:Darc


text:
User talk:XX55XX

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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lots of issues | leave me a message 01:29, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Precursors_image.jpg
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Removed
Disregard, clicked on the wrong name. Man, it's late ;) Thanks for spotting and cleaning up that nonsense on Nick Berg. teh TK 21:40, 3 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Hello. I see you've added a message to my talk page about "adding nonsense" to the Nick Berg article. I was merely removing a large chunk of Italian text, which someone foolishly added. Please understand. I did not add gibberish to the Nick Berg article. I merely removed some gibberish. - XX55XX 21:43, 3 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Right, I realized my mistake. Guess you missed my edit.  Heh.  teh TK 21:54, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

Have a FISHY STICK !
'''What says WikiLove better than a pirate handing you a piece of deep fried fish! Thanks for your vote! ''' Oarias 02:41, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

StarCraft: Ghost revert
Part of the official wiki policy is to explain reverts. Meta:Help:Reverting. Any particular reason why you decided to forgo that policy? Also, why did you revert? McKay 07:30, 3 August 2006 (UTC)
 * That's hilarious. I had earlier in the day, removed the vaporware tag, saying "Vaporware is an unfair designation. The implications are not true here. The game actually *is* playable and entertaining, and in many ways near complete. They just decided not to release it". Vaporware implies that the company doesn't really have anything, but in fact, I really enjoyed playing ghost at BlizzCon, I thought that the game was very polished, sure I didn't play the whole story, and there's a bajillion features that I didn't touch, but I thought it was way cool. Well, I guess I'm fighting a losing battle trying to remove it. Thanks for your help in solving this mystery. McKay 05:02, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

Mourning Online
fits the criteria for speedy deletion for the following reason: unrelated links, speculation --Android Mouse Bot 2 14:11, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

America's Army Game
Hi, I would like to avoid immature edit wars. If you would like to start a discussion, lets talk. I am not the army and I edited the article to balance out the many claims that the game is propaganda, which is completely untrue and is the essence of bias POV.

--Igor at work 16:41, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:VCL.png)
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File copyright problem with File:Twilight Sparkle.png
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License tagging for File:Rarity (MLP Character).jpg
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Individual MLP character pages
I have a feeling you are going to have trouble keeping those individual characters pages around from deletion. None of the individual characters are discussed at any depth from reliable sources, and thus are already failing notability (I know the extent of what reliable sources give for the show). The listings in the character list article are sufficient for now. --M ASEM (t) 15:19, 9 December 2011 (UTC)
 * It should be kept in mind that WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS usually will not fly as a reason to keep an article if you get challenged on these. The reason those others likely exist is because no one has found them that wants to see them deleted; deletion or purging of non-notable articles is not something that is heavily enforced since notability is very subjective, though I'm pretty sure here that the individual characters from MLPFIM aren't going to cut it with what sources I know exist. --M ASEM (t) 16:05, 9 December 2011 (UTC)
 * There's at least 6 to 8 sources on Aang that are not from the show but instead from third-party reliable sources. Yes, the bulk of the references are the show itself, that's ok but they can't be the only references for the character. And that's why I'm concerned that you will have difficulty in keeping the individual MLPFIM ones at this time: while names are mentioned in what reliable sources we have for the show and the brony fandom, none of the characters are given any depth of coverage, except perhaps Rainbow Dash (due to the whole toyboy/lesbian thing, if anything else). --M ASEM (t) 16:30, 9 December 2011 (UTC)

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Orphaned non-free image File:Rarity MLPFIM.png
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Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude ( talk ) 06:24, 21 December 2011 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Twilight Sparkle.png
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Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude ( talk ) 06:24, 21 December 2011 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Rainbow Dash MLPFIM.png
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Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude ( talk ) 05:58, 12 January 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:XX55XX


text:
Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's high jump

The men's high jump was a track & field athletics event at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was held on July 15, 1900. Eight athletes from seven nations competed in the high jump. The event was won by Irving Baxter of the United States, the nation's second consecutive victory in the men's high jump. Great Britain (Patrick Leahy's silver) and Hungary (Lajos Gönczy's bronze) each took medals in their first appearance in the event.

Background
This was the second appearance of the event, which is one of 12 athletics events to have been held at every Summer Olympics. None of the jumpers from 1896 returned. Irving Baxter of the United States was the 1900 AAA champion, while Patrick Leahy of Great Britain had won in 1898 and 1899.

France, Great Britain, Hungary, and Norway each competed for the first time in the event. Germany, Sweden, and the United States all appeared for the second time.

Competition format
There was a single round of jumping. The bar started at 1.50 metres. When the victor was the only man left, he was able to choose the height.

Records
These were the standing world and Olympic records (in metres) prior to the 1900 Summer Olympics.

(*) unofficial

Irving Baxter improved the Olympic record twice. At first he jumped 1.85 metres and finally he also cleared 1.90 metres.

Schedule
The Sunday schedule prevented two Americans, William Remington and Walter Carroll, from competing.

Results
Baxter won easily, clearing 1.85 metres and 1.90 metres. With no one else close, he attempted to break the world record, 1.97 metres at the time. He failed all three times he attempted it, but still took the gold medal. Jump sequences are known only for Baxter's jumps at 1.85 metres and above.


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User talk:J.H

Thanks
Thanks for your help with the Over-the-Rhine page. I'm new to wikipedia and not very good at making it all "click" but I know you'll catch my edits and make them "fit" better with the page. Do you know of any tutorials for learning how to make a detailed wikipedia page? Or is it all pretty much touch and go? OTRcincy (talk) 05:11, 19 February 2011 (UTC)

 * No problem. I don't know of a tutorial. Mostly if you look at featured articles you can get a good idea. The article itself should be easy to read, and should have the tone of an encyclopedia. When I first started updating this article my goal was to get Over-the-Rhine featured before the Cincinnati article. J.H (talk) 15:54, 19 February 2011 (UTC)

Thanks =)
Thank you for your contributions to the Cincinnati, Ohio metropolitan region. They are much appreciated. Are you a fellow urbanist and on UrbanOhio? seicer |  talk  |  contribs  02:46, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

An invitation to join WikiProject Ohio
 Hi, I noticed you have been editing Ohio-related articles. I thought you might be interested in joining WikiProject Ohio. We're a group of editors working to improve Wikipedia's coverage of topics related to Ohio and we're always looking for new, active participants. The project's departments include article quality assessment: We have over 5,000 articles to assess for class alone, newsletter writing: This has been delayed by a few months, and new page patrolling. We also have a newly formed taskforce on our over 1,000 townships at WP:OHTWP. If you enjoy writing, we have a need for newsletter writers/contributors and new page patrollers to check for vandalism.

As of now we have over 100 members who have edited within the last 6 months. If you are interested in joining us please list you name here and feel free to introduce yourself on the project talkpage.

If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to leave a message at our project talkpage or at my talkpage, we'll be happy to answer any of your questions. I look forward to seeing you around!

§hep  •   ¡Talk to me!  01:28, 9 December 2008 (UTC)

Cincinnati streetcars
Interesting article, thanks for adding it. And good job with the references, so few people bother to add good references.--RadioFan (talk) 00:47, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

I want to add my compliments, too. Although I clarified a couple of points in the text just now, your work on creating this new article was very impressive. SJ Morg (talk) 08:09, 9 April 2009 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Over-the-Rhine-rioter.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Over-the-Rhine-rioter.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Courcelles 03:44, 28 January 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:04, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:J.H


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Ensenada Municipality

Ensenada is a municipality in the Mexican state of Baja California. It is the fourth-largest municipality in the country, with a land area of 19526.8 km2 in 2020, making slightly smaller than the state of Hidalgo and larger than five other Mexican states.

Located offshore, Cedros Island and Guadalupe Island are part of the municipality, making Ensenada the westernmost municipality in Mexico and Latin America.

Incorporated on May 15, 1882 as the northern partido of the Baja California Territory, it became a municipality of the state of Baja California on December 29, 1953.

The municipality shares borders with every other municipality in the state: Tijuana, Playas de Rosarito and Tecate to the north, Mexicali and San Felipe to the east and southeast and San Quintín to the south. Its municipal seat is Ensenada, a port lying near the northwest corner of the municipality.

Ensenada's current municipal president (presidente municipal) is Armando Ayala Robles. A major port is planned to be built in Punta Colonet, a largely uninhabited area 80 km south of the city of Ensenada.

In February 2020, San Quintín separated from Ensenada and became Baja California's sixth municipality. Prior to this, Ensenada was the country's largest municipality. In January 2022, San Felipe separated from Ensenada and became Baja California's seventh municipality, further reducing the size of Ensenada Municipality.

Subdivisions
The Ensenada municipality is administratively subdivided into 15 boroughs:
 * 1) Ensenada
 * 2) La Misión
 * 3) El Porvenir
 * 4) Francisco Zarco (Guadalupe)
 * 5) Real del Castillo
 * 6) El Sauzal
 * 7) Ensenada
 * 8) San Antonio de las Minas
 * 9) Maneadero
 * 10) Santo Tomás
 * 11) Eréndira
 * 12) San Vicente
 * 13) Valle de la Trinidad
 * 14) Punta Colonet
 * 15) Isla de Cedros

Demographics
As of 2020, the municipality had a total population of 443,807 in 1,698 localities.

Ensenada, the seat, has 330,652 residents, and the following are the largest urban communities:
 * Rodolfo Sánchez Taboada (Maneadero) (27,969)
 * El Sauzal de Rodríguez (11,371)
 * El Zorrillo (8,522)
 * San Vicente (5,062)
 * Valle de Guadalupe (4,334)
 * Valle de la Trinidad (3,381)
 * Punta Colonet (3,095)
 * Ojos Negros (2,707)
 * Poblado Héroes de Chapultepec (2,360).

title: Ensenada Municipality


text: User talk:70.48.70.89

title: User talk:70.48.70.89


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Florimond Claude, Comte de Mercy-Argenteau

Florimond Claude, comte de Mercy-Argenteau (20 April 1727 – 25 August 1794) was an Austrian diplomat.

Biography
He was born in Liège, Prince-Bishopric of Liege, to Antoine, comte de Mercy-Argenteau, and entered the diplomatic service of Austria in Paris in the train of Reichsfürst Kaunitz. He became Austrian ambassador in Turin at the court of King Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, in St. Petersburg at the court of Catherine the Great, and then Austrian ambassador in Paris at the court of King Louis XV in 1766. In Paris, his first work was to strengthen the Franco-Austrian alliance, which was cemented in 1770 by the marriage of the Dauphin, afterwards Louis XVI, with Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria, youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa, afterwards known as Queen Marie Antoinette.

When Louis and Marie Antoinette ascended the throne of France in 1774, Mercy-Argenteau became one of the most powerful personages at the French court due to his influence over Marie Antoinette, which made her unpopular with the French nobility and French people. He was in Paris during the turbulent years that led up to the French Revolution, and gave powerful aid to the finance ministers Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne and Jacques Necker. In 1792, he became governor-general of the Austrian Netherlands, where the Brabant Revolution had just been suppressed by Austria. There, his ability and experience made him a very successful governor. Although at first in favor of moderate courses, Mercy-Argenteau supported the action of Austria in making war upon its former ally after the outbreak of the French Revolution, and in July 1794, he was appointed Austrian ambassador to Britain, but he died a few days after his arrival in London.

In popular culture
He was played by Henry Stephenson in the 1938 film Marie Antoinette, and by Steve Coogan in the 2006 film of the same name.

He was portrayed by Micha Lescot in the 2023 film Jeanne du Barry.


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Timeline of science and engineering in the Muslim world

This timeline of science and engineering in the Muslim world covers the time period from the eighth century AD to the introduction of European science to the Muslim world in the nineteenth century. All year dates are given according to the Gregorian calendar except where noted.

Eighth Century

 * Astronomers and astrologers

 * d 777 CE Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī Ibrahim ibn Habib ibn Sulayman ibn Samura ibn Jundab al-Fazari (Arabic: إبراهيم بن حبيب بن سليمان بن سمرة بن جندب الفزاري) (died 777 CE) was an 8th-century Muslim mathematician and astronomer at the Abbasid court of the Caliph Al-Mansur (r. 754–775). He should not be confused with his son Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī, also an astronomer. He composed various astronomical writings ("on the astrolabe", "on the armillary spheres", "on the calendar").
 * d 796 Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Habib ibn Sulayman ibn Samra ibn Jundab al-Fazari (Arabic: إبراهيم بن حبيب بن سليمان بن سمرة بن جندب الفزاري) (died 796 or 806) was a Muslim philosopher, mathematician and astronomer. He is not to be confused with his father Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī, also an astronomer and mathematician. Some sources refer to him as an Arab, other sources state that he was a Persian. Al-Fazārī translated many scientific books into Arabic and Persian. He is credited to have built the first astrolabe in the Islamic world. Along with Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq and his father he helped translate the Indian astronomical text by Brahmagupta (fl. 7th century), the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta, into Arabic as Az-Zīj ‛alā Sinī al-‛Arab., or the Sindhind. This translation was possibly the vehicle by means of which the Hindu numerals were transmitted from India to Islam.

 * Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists

 * (654–728) Ibn Sirin Muhammad Ibn Sirin (Arabic: محمد بن سيرين) (born in Basra) was a Muslim mystic and interpreter of dreams who lived in the 8th century. He was a contemporary of Anas ibn Malik. Once regarded as the same person as Achmet son of Seirim, this is no longer believed to be true, as shown by Maria Mavroudi.

 * Mathematics

 * 780 – 850: al-Khwarizmi Developed the "calculus of resolution and juxtaposition" (hisab al-jabr w'al-muqabala), more briefly referred to as al-jabr, or algebra.

Ninth Century

 * Chemistry

 * 801 – 873: al-Kindi writes on the distillation of wine as that of rose water and gives 107 recipes for perfumes, in his book Kitab Kimia al-'otoor wa al-tas`eedat (Book of the Chemistry of Perfumes and Distillations.)
 * 865 – 925: al-Razi wrote on Naft (naphta or petroleum) and its distillates in his book "Kitab sirr al-asrar" (book of the secret of secrets.) When choosing a site to build Baghdad's hospital, he hung pieces of fresh meat in different parts of the city. The location where the meat took the longest to rot was the one he chose for building the hospital. Advocated that patients not be told their real condition so that fear or despair do not affect the healing process. Wrote on alkali, caustic soda, soap and glycerine. Gave descriptions of equipment processes and methods in his book Kitab al-Asrar (Book of Secrets).

 * Mathematics

 * 826 – 901: Thabit ibn Qurra (Latinized, Thebit.) Studied at Baghdad's House of Wisdom under the Banu Musa brothers. Discovered a theorem that enables pairs of amicable numbers to be found. Later, al-Baghdadi (b. 980) developed a variant of the theorem.

 * Miscellaneous

 * c. 810: Bayt al-Hikma (House of Wisdom) set up in Baghdad. There Greek and Indian mathematical and astronomy works are translated into Arabic.
 * 810 – 887: Abbas ibn Firnas. Planetarium, artificial crystals. According to one account that was written seven centuries after his death, Ibn Firnas was injured during an elevated winged trial flight.

Tenth Century
By this century, three systems of counting are used in the Arab world. Finger-reckoning arithmetic, with numerals written entirely in words, used by the business community; the sexagesimal system, a remnant originating with the Babylonians, with numerals denoted by letters of the arabic alphabet and used by Arab mathematicians in astronomical work; and the Indian numeral system, which was used with various sets of symbols. Its arithmetic at first required the use of a dust board (a sort of handheld blackboard) because "the methods required moving the numbers around in the calculation and rubbing some out as the calculation proceeded."

 * Chemistry

 * 957: Abul Hasan Ali Al-Masudi, wrote on the reaction of alkali water with zaj (vitriol) water giving sulfuric acid.

 * Mathematics

 * 920: al-Uqlidisi. Modified arithmetic methods for the Indian numeral system to make it possible for pen and paper use. Hitherto, doing calculations with the Indian numerals necessitated the use of a dust board as noted earlier.
 * 940: Born Abu'l-Wafa al-Buzjani. Wrote several treatises using the finger-counting system of arithmetic and was also an expert on the Indian numerals system. About the Indian system, he wrote: "[It] did not find application in business circles and among the population of the Eastern Caliphate for a long time." Using the Indian numeral system, abu'l Wafa was able to extract roots.
 * 980: al-Baghdadi Studied a slight variant of Thabit ibn Qurra's theorem on amicable numbers. Al-Baghdadi also wrote about and compared the three systems of counting and arithmetic used in the region during this period.

Eleventh Century

 * Mathematics

 * 1048 – 1131: Omar Khayyam. Persian mathematician and poet. "Gave a complete classification of cubic equations with geometric solutions found by means of intersecting conic sections.". Extracted roots using the decimal system (the Indian numeral system).

Twelfth Century

 * Cartography

 * 1100–1165: Muhammad al-Idrisi, aka Idris al-Saqalli aka al-sharif al-idrissi of Andalusia and Sicily. Known for having drawn some of the most advanced ancient world maps.

 * Mathematics

 * 1130–1180: Al-Samawal. An important member of al-Karaji's school of algebra. Gave this definition of algebra: "[it is concerned] with operating on unknowns using all the arithmetical tools, in the same way as the arithmetician operates on the known."
 * 1135: Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi. Follows al-Khayyam's application of algebra of geometry, rather than follow the general development that came through al-Karaji's school of algebra. Wrote a treatise on cubic equations which describes thus: "[the treatise] represents an essential contribution to another algebra which aimed to study curves by means of equations, thus inaugurating the beginning of algebraic geometry." (quoted in ).

Thirteenth Century

 * Chemistry

 * Al-Jawbari describes the preparation of rose water in the work "Book of Selected Disclosure of Secrets" (Kitab kashf al-Asrar).
 * Materials; glassmaking: Arabic manuscript on the manufacture of false gemstones and diamonds. Also describes spirits of alum, spirits of saltpetre and spirits of salts (hydrochloric acid).
 * An Arabic manuscript written in Syriac script gives description of various chemical materials and their properties such as sulfuric acid, sal-ammoniac, saltpetre and zaj (vitriol).

 * Mathematics

 * 1260: al-Farisi. Gave a new proof of Thabit ibn Qurra's theorem, introducing important new ideas concerning factorization and combinatorial methods. He also gave the pair of amicable numbers 17296, 18416 which have also been joint attributed to Fermat as well as Thabit ibn Qurra.

 * Astronomy
 * Jaghmini completed the al-Mulakhkhas fi al-Hay’ah ("Epitome of plain theoretical astronomy"), an astronomical textbook which spawned many commentaries and whose educational use lasted until the 18th century.
 * Miscellaneous

 * Mechanical engineering: Ismail al-Jazari described 100 mechanical devices, some 80 of which are trick vessels of various kinds, along with instructions on how to construct them.
 * Medicine; Scientific method: Ibn Al-Nafis (1213–1288) Damascene physician and anatomist. Discovered the lesser circulatory system (the cycle involving the ventricles of the heart and the lungs) and described the mechanism of breathing and its relation to the blood and how it nourishes on air in the lungs. Followed a "constructivist" path of the smaller circulatory system: "blood is purified in the lungs for the continuance of life and providing the body with the ability to work". During his time, the common view was that blood originates in the liver then travels to the right ventricle, then on to the organs of the body; another contemporary view was that blood is filtered through the diaphragm where it mixes with the air coming from the lungs. Ibn al-Nafis discredited all these views including ones by Galen and Avicenna (ibn Sina). At least an illustration of his manuscript is still extant. William Harvey explained the circulatory system without reference to ibn al-Nafis in 1628. Ibn al-Nafis extolled the study of comparative anatomy in his "Explaining the dissection of [Avicenna's] Al-Qanoon" which includes a preface, and citations of sources. Emphasized the rigours of verification by measurement, observation and experiment. Subjected conventional wisdom of his time to a critical review and verified it with experiment and observation, discarding errors.

Fourteenth Century

 * Astronomy

 * 1393–1449: Ulugh Beg commissions an observatory at Samarqand in present-day Uzbekistan.

 * Mathematics

 * 1380–1429: al-Kashi. According to, "contributed to the development of decimal fractions not only for approximating algebraic numbers, but also for real numbers such as pi. His contribution to decimal fractions is so major that for many years he was considered as their inventor. Although not the first to do so, al-Kashi gave an algorithm for calculating nth roots which is a special case of the methods given many centuries later by Ruffini and Horner."

Fifteenth Century

 * Mathematics

 * Ibn al-Banna and al-Qalasadi used symbols for mathematics "and, although we do not know exactly when their use began, we know that symbols were used at least a century before this."

Seventeenth century

 * Mathematics

 * The Arabic mathematician Mohammed Baqir Yazdi discovered the pair of amicable numbers 9,363,584 and 9,437,056 for which he is jointly credited with Descartes.

 * A seventeenth-century celestial globe was made by Diya’ ad-din Muhammad in Lahore, 1663 (now in Pakistan). It is now housed at the National Museum of Scotland. It is encircled by a meridian ring and a horizon ring. The latitude angle of 32° indicates that the globe was made in the Lahore workshop. This specific 'workshop claims 21 signed globes—the largest number from a single shop’ making this globe a good example of Celestial Globe production at its peak.

Modern science
Muslim scientists made significant contributions to modern science. These include the development of the electroweak unification theory by Abdus Salam, development of femtochemistry by Ahmed Zewail, invention of quantum dots by Moungi Bawendi, and development of fuzzy set theory by Lotfi A. Zadeh. Other major contributions include introduction of Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation by Mehran Kardar, the development of Circuit topology by Alireza Mashaghi, and the first description of Behçet's disease by Hulusi Behçet.

Contributions of Muslim scientists have been recognized by 4 Nobel Prizes. Abdus Salam was the first Muslim to win a Nobel Prize in science.


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Bernese German phonology

Bernese German, like other High Alemannic varieties, has a two-way contrast in plosives and fricatives that is not based on voicing, but on length. The absence of voice in plosives and fricatives is typical for all High German varieties, but many of them have no two-way contrast due to general lenition.

Monophthongs

 * are true-mid [,, ].
 * occurs only in weak unstressed syllables.
 * In northern Bernese German, is rounded to  or even merges with  to.

Vowel length
There is a distinctive length opposition in all vowels except. Unlike in standard German, there is no interdependence of vowel length and vowel quality.

Diphthongs
Bernese German has seven diphthong phonemes:
 * Three closing diphthongs:
 * Three opening diphthongs:
 * One long diphthong:

The number of phonetic diphthongs and triphthongs is significantly higher, since all monophthongs (except for short, , , ) and all opening diphthongs may be followed by a (from vocalized ), for instance  →  ('stable'),  →  ('steel'),  →  ('feeling').

Additionally, there are certain combinations with, for instance ('toil') or  ('turns' from  'to turn').

In southern Bernese German (not in the city of Bern), the closing diphthongs merge with the near-close monophthongs  to, for instance  instead of  ('cloth'). This phenomenon is also found in the neighbouring Bernese Highlands and Sense District dialects.

In northern Bernese German, a following triggers rounding of the preceding vowel, for instance  instead of  ('because'). This phenomenon is also found in the neighbouring Solothurn and Lucerne dialects.

Consonants

 * are bilabial, is bilabial-labiodental, whereas  are labiodental.
 * has a labialized velar allophone, see below.
 * is usually alveolar, but in the old upper-class dialect of the patricians it is uvular.
 * are velar, whereas is palatal.
 * vary between velar and uvular.
 * In addition to occurring on its own, may occur as a realization of the sequence.

Fortis and lenis consonants
Bernese German obstruents occur in pairs, as in other Alemannic varieties. These pairs are usually called fortis and lenis. They are not distinguished by voicedness, but they differ in length. A difference in tenseness is also discussed. It has not been established whether length or tenseness is the primary feature that distinguishes these pairs. Likewise, there are different possibilities of transcription. They are often transcribed with the IPA-signs for pairs of voiceless and voiced obstruents (for instance, ). In order to explicate that no voicedness is involved in the contrast, the diacritic for voicelessness may be used (for instance, ). Another possibility of transcription is the notation of the length, either with the IPA length sign (for instance, ) or with doubling (for instance , ). The opposition is only possible if the obstruents are surrounded by voiced sounds. If there is another adjacent voiceless sound (except ), then there is no opposition.

With the fricatives, the opposition does not occur at the beginning of a syllable. This is similar to the length opposition that occurs in the continuants. With the stops, however, the opposition is not restricted with respect to syllable structure and also occurs in the syllable onset, for instance ('to bake') vs. ('baked, past participle'); in order for this opposition not to be neutralized, there must be a preceding voiced sound, for instance ('I want to bake a cake') vs. ('I have baked a cake'). In the Northern Bernese German, however, only lenis plosives may occur at the syllable onset, so 'to bake' and 'baked (past participle)' are homophonous as.

As in other Alemannic dialects, but unlike other Germanic languages, there is no interdependence of the length of a consonant with the length of the preceding vowel. Fortis consonants may occur after either long or short vowels, and lenis consonants as well:

Vocalization of /l/
Long is pronounced, for instance  →  ('ball');  at the end of a syllable , for instance  →  ('cold').

This feature is absent in the old upper-class dialect of the patricians.

Velarization of
is pronounced in most cases, for instance  →  ('dog') or  →  ('child'). However, there are some words like ('wind') or  ('friend') in which  is not velarized.

This feature is absent in the old upper-class dialect of the patricians.

In the southwestern dialects of the Schwarzenburg area, it is pronounced.

Reduction of
In the western and southern dialects (not in the city of Bern), is pronounced, for instance  →  ('to think').

Stress
In native words, the word stem is stressed, except verbs with a separable prefix where that prefix is stressed.

In loan words, there is – in comparison to standard German – a preference for initial stress, for instance Bernese German ('casino'),  ('chalet') vs. standard German,.

Vowel lengthening and shortening
Like other High Alemannic varieties, Bernese German shows monosyllabic lengthening in comparison to Middle High German, in words such as ('bath'),  ('speech'). However, there is normally no open syllable lengthening, so the corresponding disyllabic words have a short vowel, such as ('to bathe'),  ('to speak'). Open syllable lengthening occurs only in a few cases, mainly before and, for example  ('to drive') or  ('valleys').

A distinctive trait of Bernese German that sets it apart from other High Alemannic varieties is the occurrence of vowel shortening in comparison to Middle High German. This shortening applies most generally before [t] in words such as ('time') or  ('loud'). Before other consonants, it may be restricted to disyllabic words, for instance ('finer'),  ('to foul') as opposed to monosyllabic  ('fine'),  ('foul') with an unshortened vowel.

In the close vowels, the shortened and lengthened vowels remain distinct from originally short and long vowels. This is why the distinction between close and near-close vowels is phonemic, even though the contrast has a low functional load, with only very few actual minimal pairs such as ('rider', shortened vowel) vs. ('knight', originally short vowel) or ('door', lengthened vowel) vs. ('to increase in price', originally long vowel).

title: Bernese German phonology


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Idiosyncrasy

An idiosyncrasy is a unique feature of something. The term is often used to express peculiarity.

Etymology
The term "idiosyncrasy" originates from Greek ἰδιοσυγκρασία ', "a peculiar temperament, habit of body" (from ἴδιος ', "one's own", σύν ', "with" and κρᾶσις ', "blend of the four humors" (temperament)) or literally "particular mingling".

Idiosyncrasy is sometimes used as a synonym for eccentricity, as these terms "are not always clearly distinguished when they denote an act, a practice, or a characteristic that impresses the observer as strange or singular." Eccentricity, however, "emphasizes the idea of divergence from the usual or customary; idiosyncrasy implies a following of one's particular temperament or bent especially in trait, trick, or habit; the former often suggests mental aberration, the latter, strong individuality and independence of action".

Linguistics
The term can also be applied to symbols or words. Idiosyncratic symbols mean one thing for a particular person, as a blade could mean war, but to someone else, it could symbolize a surgery.

Idiosyncratic property
In phonology, an idiosyncratic property contrasts with a systematic regularity. While systematic regularities in the sound system of a language are useful for identifying phonological rules during analysis of the forms morphemes can take, idiosyncratic properties are those whose occurrence is not determined by those rules. For example, the fact that the English word cab starts with the sound /k/ is an idiosyncratic property; on the other hand that its vowel is longer than in the English word cap is a systematic regularity, as it arises from the fact that the final consonant is voiced rather than voiceless.

Disease
Idiosyncrasy defined the way physicians conceived diseases in the 19th century. They considered each disease as a unique condition, related to each patient. This understanding began to change in the 1870s, when discoveries made by researchers in Europe permitted the advent of a "scientific medicine", a precursor to the evidence-based medicine that is the standard of practice today.

Pharmacology
The term idiosyncratic drug reaction denotes an aberrant or bizarre reaction or hypersensitivity to a substance, without connection to the pharmacology of the drug. It is what is known as a Type B reaction. Type B reactions have the following characteristics: they are usually unpredictable, might not be picked up by toxicological screening, not necessarily dose-related, incidence and morbidity low but mortality is high. Type B reactions are most commonly immunological (e.g. penicillin allergy).

Psychiatry and psychology
The word is used for the personal way a given individual reacts, perceives and experiences: a certain dish made of meat may cause nostalgic memories in one person and disgust in another. These reactions are called idiosyncratic.

Economics
In portfolio theory, risks of price changes due to the unique circumstances of a specific security, as opposed to the overall market, are called "idiosyncratic risks". This specific risk, also called unsystematic, can be nulled out of a portfolio through diversification. Pooling multiple securities means the specific risks cancel out. In complete markets, there is no compensation for idiosyncratic risk—that is, a security's idiosyncratic risk does not matter for its price. For instance, in a complete market in which the capital asset pricing model holds, the price of a security is determined by the amount of systematic risk in its returns. Net income received, or losses suffered, by a landlord from renting of one or two properties is subject to idiosyncratic risk due to the numerous things that can happen to real property and variable behavior of tenants.

According to one macroeconomic model including a financial sector, hedging idiosyncratic risk can be self-defeating as it leads to higher systemic risk, as it takes on more leverage. This makes the system less stable. Thus, while securitisation in principle reduces the costs of idiosyncratic shocks, it ends up amplifying systemic risks in equilibrium.

In econometrics, "idiosyncratic error" is used to describe error—that is, unobserved factors that impact the dependent variable—from panel data that both changes over time and across units (individuals, firms, cities, towns, etc.).

title: Idiosyncrasy


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title: User:Pile0nades/monobook.js


text:
International Broadcasting Convention

International Broadcasting Convention, more commonly known by its initials IBC, is an annual trade show, held in September at the RAI Exhibition and Convention Centre in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. IBC's tagline is "By the industry. For the industry." and it is aimed at broadcasters, content creators/providers, equipment manufacturers, professional and technical associations, and other participants in the broadcasting, entertainment and technology industry. In addition to being a trade show showcasing a hundred of exhibitors there is an IBC conference, panel discussions, demo’s, technical paper presentations and speaker sessions to attend. IBC is an independent body, owned by six partner bodies: IABM, IEEE, IET, RTS, SCTE and SMPTE, with a full-time professional staff.

IBC 2019 marked the launch of their new Accelerator Programme, purposed towards providing a framework for collaborative and fast-track innovation through a multi-company project-based approach to solve complex media and entertainment business and technology challenges. Many exciting and successful projects have emerged from this programme which have explored areas including 5G and the Cloud.

The 2019 show marked the last in-person show for 2 years due to the COVID-19 outbreak, although a digital show was held in 2021. IBC returned on 9-12 September 2022 with 37,071 visitors from over 170 countries gathering in Amsterdam to reconnect face-to-face again. New to this year's show was the CHANGEMAKERS Programme which included 2 days of content from trailblazing organisations and initiatives changing the culture of the industry and pushing the boundaries of creativity and technology. Sessions notably addressed topics on sustainability, diversity and inclusion.

Other IBC2022 show features included: a world-class line-up of over 250 headline speakers, notably this year's keynote Nonny de la Peña (‘The Godmother of Virtual Reality’); the Showcase Theatre, where leading technology brands demonstrated how they are paving the way forward; thought leadership presentations, panels, masterclasses, demos and case studies on the Content Everywhere Stage.

The IBC2023 show attracted 43,065 attendees from 170 countries at the RAI Amsterdam on 15-18 September, celebrating business innovation and pushing new boundaries in media technology. With over 1,250 exhibitors and a 16% increase in total attendees, media leaders and technology pioneers from around the world gathered across bustling exhibition halls, buzzing networking events and packed theatres to define and action the future of media and entertainment. With three core pillars running through the whole content programme at IBC2023 – Transformative Tech, Shifting Business Models and People & Purpose and an increased line-up of 325+ speakers across an expanded number of theatre halls, the stages championed new technologies, future business models, and creative innovations that broadened the horizons of media and entertainment.

IBC will return in 2024, from Friday 13 – Monday 16 September.

2009

 * Conference: 10–14 September 2009
 * Exhibition: 11–15 September 2009

2010

 * Conference: 9–14 September 2010
 * Exhibition: 10–14 September 2010

2011

 * Conference: 8–13 September 2011
 * Exhibition: 9–13 September 2011

2012

 * Conference: 6–11 September 2012
 * Exhibition: 7–11 September 2012

2013

 * Conference: 12–17 September 2013
 * Exhibition: 13–17 September 2013

2014

 * Conference: 11–15 September 2014
 * Exhibition: 12–16 September 2014

2015

 * Conference: 10–14 September 2015
 * Exhibition: 11–15 September 2015

2016

 * Conference: 8–12 September 2016
 * Exhibition: 9–13 September 2016

2017

 * Conference: 13–17 September 2017
 * Exhibition: 14–18 September 2017

2018

 * Conference: 14–18 September 2018
 * Exhibition: 15–19 September 2018

2019

 * Conference: 13–17 September 2019
 * Exhibition: 13–17 September 2019

2020
The 2020 edition of the show was originally scheduled for 11–15 September 2020, but was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

2021
The 2021 edition of the show was originally scheduled for 3-6 December 2021, but was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic and a digital show was held in its place.

2022

 * Conference: 9–10 September 2022
 * Exhibition: 9–12 September 2022

title: International Broadcasting Convention


text:
Calabi flow

In the mathematical fields of differential geometry and geometric analysis, the Calabi flow is a geometric flow which deforms a Kähler metric on a complex manifold. Precisely, given a Kähler manifold $M$, the Calabi flow is given by:
 * $$\frac{\partial g_{\alpha\overline{\beta}}}{\partial t}=\frac{\partial^2 R^g}{\partial z^\alpha\partial\overline{z}^\beta}$$,

where $g$ is a mapping from an open interval into the collection of all Kähler metrics on $M$, $R^{g}$ is the scalar curvature of the individual Kähler metrics, and the indices $α, β$ correspond to arbitrary holomorphic coordinates $z^{α}$. This is a fourth-order geometric flow, as the right-hand side of the equation involves fourth derivatives of $g$.

The Calabi flow was introduced by Eugenio Calabi in 1982 as a suggestion for the construction of extremal Kähler metrics, which were also introduced in the same paper. It is the gradient flow of the ; extremal Kähler metrics are the critical points of the Calabi functional.

A convergence theorem for the Calabi flow was found by Piotr Chruściel in the case that $M$ has complex dimension equal to one. Xiuxiong Chen and others have made a number of further studies of the flow, although as of 2020 the flow is still not well understood.

title: Calabi flow


text:
Vincent Lingiari

Vincent Lingiari (13 June 1908 or 1919 – 21 January 1988) was an Australian Aboriginal rights activist of the Gurindji people. In his early life he started as a stockman at Wave Hill Station, where the Aboriginal workers were given no more than rations, tobacco and clothing as their payment. After the owners of the station refused to improve pay and working conditions at the cattle station and hand back some of Gurindji land, Lingiari was elected and became the leader of the workers in August 1966. He led his people in the Wave Hill walk-off, also known as the Gurindji strike.

On 7 June 1976, Lingiari was named a Member of the Order of Australia for his services to the Aboriginal people. The story of Lingiari is celebrated in the Paul Kelly and Kev Carmody song "From Little Things Big Things Grow".

Early life
Vincent Lingiari was born in 1919, according to Australian Government records, but some sources allege his date of birth was actually 13 June 1908. He became a poorly-remunerated stockman at Wave Hill Station when he was a young man.

He also played the didgeridoo.

Wave Hill walk-off
Wave Hill Cattle Station is located approximately 600 km south of 5/6E Darwin in the Northern Territory. From the late 19th century it was run by the British pastoral company Vesteys. Vesteys employed the local Indigenous people, the Gurindji, to work on Wave Hill. But working conditions were extremely poor and wages were very low when compared to those of non-Indigenous employees.

In 1966, Lingiari, a member of the Gurindji, worked at Wave Hill and had recently returned from a period of hospitalisation in Darwin and led a walk-off of indigenous employees of Wave Hill as a protest against the work and conditions. While there had been complaints from Indigenous employees about conditions on Wave Hill over many years, including an inquiry during the 1930s that was critical of Vestey's employment practices, the walk-off had a focus that was aimed at a wider target than Vestey's. Before 1968 it was illegal to pay an Indigenous worker more than a specified amount in goods and money. In many cases, the government benefits for which Indigenous employees were eligible were paid into pastoral companies' accounts, rather than to the individuals.

The protesters established the Wattie Creek (Daguragu) camp and demanded the return of some of their traditional lands. Speaking on this Lingiari said, "We want to live on our land, our way". So began the eight-year fight by the Gurindji people to obtain title to their land.

In 1969, Lingiari co-wrote the song "Gurindji Blues", with Ted Egan. Sung by Galarrwuy Yunupingu, the song was recorded and released in 1971.

Land rights act and handback
The Wave Hill strike would eventually reshape the agenda of relationships between Indigenous Australians and the wider community. Although initially an employee-rights action, it soon became a major federal issue when the Gurindji people demanded the return of their traditional lands.

The strike lasted eight years. Over that time, support for Aboriginal land rights grew as the struggle intensified. The protest eventually led to the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976. This act was the basis by which Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander people could apply for freehold title to traditional lands (known as Native title in Australia) in the Northern Territory and, significantly, the power to negotiate over mining and development on those lands, including what type of compensation they would like.

An important and symbolic event in Australian history occurred when, during an emotional ceremony in 1975, Prime Minister Gough Whitlam poured the local sand into Lingiari's hands, symbolically handing a small part of land belonging to the Wave Hill station back to the Gurindji people, on a 30-year pastoral lease. A photograph of the moment captured by Mervyn Bishop was purchased by the National Portrait Gallery and is displayed in Old Parliament House.

On 7 June 1976, Lingiari was named a Member of the Order of Australia for his services to the Aboriginal people.

Legacy
Lingiari died on 21 January 1988. Every year until then he attended the Gurindji's annual re-enactment of the walk-off.

Lingiari was a leader and holder of the cultural authority of the Gurindjii people. His fight for his people's rights made him a national figure. He won a victory that is one of the most outstanding achievements in the history of the struggle for the recognition of Indigenous people, and initiated awareness to non-Indigenous people of the intense connections between Indigenous peoples and their land.

One of Australia's largest electorates is named after Lingiari. The Division of Lingiari encompasses nearly all of the Northern Territory as well as Christmas Island and the Cocos Islands. It includes Daguragu and traditional Gurindji lands.

The story of Lingiari is celebrated in the song "From Little Things Big Things Grow" written by Paul Kelly and Indigenous musician Kev Carmody and recorded by Kelly in 1991. It was later added to the Sounds of Australia archive.

The Vincent Lingiari Memorial Lectures have been held at the Casuarina campus amphitheatre of Charles Darwin University since 1996, featuring speakers as diverse as Gough Whitlam, Marcia Langton, Malcolm Fraser, Pat Dodson and Bruce Pascoe.

The story of his part in the strike is also told in Irish folk musician Damien Dempsey's song "Wave Hill Walk Off", on his 2016 album No Force on Earth.

The Vincent Lingiari Cup, is an Aussie rules football competition that takes place at the annual Freedom Day Festival each year in Kalkaringi.

Vincent Lingiari Art Award
The Vincent Lingiari Art Award was created in 2016 by the Central Land Council (CLC) and Desart, on the 50th anniversary of the Gurindji strike, and 40 years after the Land Rights Act was passed. CLC is the land council for Central Australia, while Desart represents over 40 Aboriginal art centres in the region. The award intentionally has a political focus, in particular relating to land and water rights for Aboriginal people. The submissions, open to all members of Desart-affilieated art centres as well as artists with strong links to the CLC region, are displayed at the Tangentyere Artists Gallery (run by Tangentyere Council) in Alice Springs. The award is the first art prize in the region developed by Aboriginal organisations.

In 2016, the theme of the competition was "Our Land, Our Life, Our Future", and the inaugural award, judged by Hetti Perkins, was won by Marlene Rubuntja of Alice Springs, for her soft sculpture My future is in my hands. The award was worth A$15,000 in this year.

In 2019 the award theme was "Our Country – True Story", relating to the call for truth-telling which was made in the 2017 Uluru Statement from the Heart, and the submissions were exhibited from 4 September at the Tangentyere Artists Gallery. The prize went to Eunice Napanangka Jack of Ikuntji Artists for her painting titled Kuruyultu, which is the name of the artist's birthplace, and the painting expresses her connection to it.

In 2021, the theme was water rights, expressed as "Ngawa, Ngapa, Kapi, Kwatja, Water", intended to "raise awareness of our struggle against massive water theft that threatens the survival of desert plants, animals and people and for safe drinking water for our remote communities", according to the CEO of Desart, Philip Watkins. The award paintings were exhibited from 8 September at the Tangentyere Artists Gallery, and a second award was also introduced, the Delegates Choice Award. Judge Hetti Perkins selected the painting Raining at Laramba, by Grace Kemarre Robinya (born 1942) of Tangentyere Artists as the winner. The title refers to the small community of Laramba, near Napperby Station, where Robinya used to live, where the water supply contains three times the level of uranium considered to be the safe limit. The Delegates' Choice Award went to Leah Leaman for her painting titled Following the Waterways. There were a record 47 entries for the A$10,000 award.

title: Vincent Lingiari


text: Talk:BMW 801

title: Talk:BMW 801


text:
User:TCH

Welcome to the official User page of the Editor of Small Annoyances (and larger ones, now), known only by 3 letters. I have been fixing minor annoyances forever, but I have only been taking credit for a (very) little while.

title: User:TCH


text:
Paço de Arcos

Paço de Arcos is a locality of Oeiras. In 2013, the parish of Paço de Arcos merged into the new parish Oeiras e São Julião da Barra, Paço de Arcos e Caxias. The population in 2011 was 15,315, in an area of 3.39 km2. It was elevated to town by a decree on December 7, 1926.

Its name comes from the Palácio dos Arcos located at the entrance to the village, where king D. Manuel I of Portugal watched Vasco da Gama's caravels leave for India. Nowadays, the Portuguese maritime academy – Escola Náutica Infante D. Henrique – is based there. It's also the base of the private business jet company NetJets Europe.

Paço de Arcos is where Quinta da Fonte is located, one of the biggest office parks in Europe, being the home of companies such as DLL Group, Hewlett-Packard, among others.

The town is featured in Robert Wilson's 1999 novel A Small Death in Lisbon, as both the residence of the main character, Inspector José "Zé" Coelho, and where a body is found.

Items of interest in the locality include Lime kilns (Fornos de Cal) dating back to the Middle Ages.

title: Paço de Arcos


text:
Talk:Bernardo O'Higgins

On joining the revolutionaries in 1810
The objective of a government junta was to preserve the interests of the king Charles IV of Spain while was imprisioned by Napoleon on the Peninsular_War. That, at least is what's written in the minutes of such meeting. O'Higgins already an educated man saw this opportunity as a way of independence from Spain, which was confirmed later in 1814 on the "Reconquista"(reconquest) period, where Spanish troops were deployed in retaliation for this attempt to emancipate. --Jotaigna 01:36, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

King Ferdinand VII. By 1810 it was Ferdinand, a Napoleon "prisioner" in France, the rightful king of Spain. El es gordito y rellenito — Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.162.168.204 (talk) 19:43, 6 January 2021 (UTC)

Antarctic visionary?
Why is he described as an "Antarctic visionary" in Antarctic Peninsula? — Pekinensis 13:10, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * According the division of the world done during the Spanish colonization, the "Terra Australis Ignota" was part of the Spanish Empire (the Treaty of Tordesillas made and East-West division, setting as limits both poles).
 * Despite this declaration of sovereignity, the Empire never went that far south, being it most effective southermost colonies the the fort of Valdivia and the island of Chiloé (some attempt to found a city at the Strait of Magellan - City of Rey Felipe - tragically failed).
 * In fact - although the importance of Drake Passage and the Strait of Magellan - southern lands (Patagonia and southener territories) wasn considered as valuables territories, and wasn't occupied by Spaniards at all.
 * With the independence of Spanish America, the new nations (Argentina and Chile) tended to preserve the status quo about those lands. But Bernardo O'Higgins foresaw its potential and value and pursued the effective conquest of the Patagonia (and Antarctica). During it time as ruler of Chile, he organised some failed expeditions and after - during it exile in Peru - he frequently wrote to Chilean Presidents about the importance of occupy the South.
 * His last word was : "Magellan".
 * Chile and Argentina real occupation of Patagonia and the begining of their antartic projections - and territorial disputes -started during the 1860, 40 years after the indepence.

Baloo rch 03:51, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Ok, but O'Higgins number 1 interest was Magellan strait, and not Antarctica. At that time, the strait was the only water passage between the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. --Asepulveda (talk) 15:40, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

The playing card
Where is it from? To be honest I think its a little inappropriate.
 * Heh, I agree. It looks very out of place to me. Although most images are informative in some way, I think there are also priorities for the sort of material. -- — Northgrove 01:51, 22 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I have just removed it-- Andersmusician  VOTE  05:36, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Ohigginsmyl.jpg
Image:Ohigginsmyl.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 00:49, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

A number of errors that need to be corrected
First the leader of the Army that comes from Argentina was San Martin, not O’Higgins, I understand that was San Martin, this army was a part of a great scheme by San Martin, lo liberate Peru.

In this sense O’Higgins was not a commander together with San Martin. but serves under his leadership as supreme commander of the forces. (Please see San Martin page).

In the entire Chilean Campaign San Martin was the supreme commander of the forces.

And finally O’Higgins was not the second supreme leader of Chile, was the third, after San Martin, which was selected but submits his resignation. This permit to O’Higgins to take the post. (Again, see San martin Page)

Milton (talk) 10:21, 6 August 2008 (UTC)
 * What does it say in the Spanish Wikipedia article? (I don't speak Spanish.) Phlegm Rooster (talk) 11:29, 6 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Milton is correct. -- Alexf42 12:08, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

I am a O'Higgins biographer. All these commentaries are right, except the last one. San Martin was indeed proposed Supreme Leader by Santiago's cabildo after the Chacabuco battle that made the Spanish authorities flee the city; but San Martin refused the nomination. San Martin, therefore, was never in charge of the formal political power. --Asepulveda (talk) 15:45, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

The San Martin page says that O'Higgins and San Martin knew each other in Spain before the war. Is this true? If so this page should be changed to reflect that.Stewart king (talk) 17:59, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

Material from the Spanish edition added
I've added some material from the Spanish article, with references where available in the original, although I'd be the first to admit my Spanish isn't perfect, so I'd welcome any corrections! I've broken out the middle section into two parts due to length, and added a couple of related pictures from elsewhere on the English wikipedia. I've grouped together the existing and additional references into a bibliography at the end. I've paraphrased a couple of quotations from the last version, retaining the reference notation, where the direct quotation felt at odds with the flow of the paragraph. Hopefully I haven't introduced any errors in the process. Hchc2009 (talk) 18:46, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

Copy edit
Completed a copy edit of the page. Not many issues seen. Noted a few instances of weasel words and places that need additional citations. Removed some overzealous wikilinking. // ⌘macwhiz (talk) 15:54, 7 September 2010 (UTC)

NPOV
A fast comparison bw this and the page on Jose Miguel Carrera makes obvious the problems of NPOV in both pages. These should be checked. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.20.6.84 (talk) 08:51, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

Removed tags
I removed the tags from 2 years ago - which seemed pretty useless. And I was immediately reverted without comment. From the Sept 2010 comment above (the date of the tags), there was not much wrong. If you do find something wrong - please fix it. See WP:So fix it, tags are just ugly and get no response and these didn't say anything in specific. If you see similar tag-spam in other articles, please remove it! Smallbones (talk) 19:32, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * There has been no explanation of why the tags are needed, but I have been reverted again. Since unexplained tags are useless and ugly, I will remove them again.  If you want to discuss why these specific tags should be on the article, please do explain yourself before reverting again.  Smallbones (talk) 14:16, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

Atheist
Is there a source for the claim that he was atheist? The Spanish Wikipedia doesn't mention it and I'm just genuinely curious. Cadwaladr (talk) 06:11, 24 April 2013 (UTC)

Hmm, I did some checking and the atheist claim was added by user Pieman121 on | March 10, 2011. I'm gonna go ahead and take that out for now since there's no source. Cadwaladr (talk) 06:25, 24 April 2013 (UTC)

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"Live with honor, or die with glory!"
Should this not be "live with dishonor"? Deipnosophista (talk) 12:19, 12 February 2017 (UTC)

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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
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title: Talk:Bernardo O'Higgins