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Scott Tinley

Scott Tinley (born October 25, 1956 ) is a former professional triathlete and two-time winner of the Ironman World Championships in Hawaii. In the 1980s Tinley dominated the sport of triathlon together with Mark Allen, Dave Scott and Scott Molina. Tinley was inducted into the Ironman Hall of Fame in 1996.

Now retired, Tinley is a writer, teacher, and ocean lifeguard. His latest book, In the Wake of Our Past, is a character-driven, work of historical fiction that focuses on a returning Vietnam War vet. His previous book, Racing the Sunset, a journey through athlete retirement and the larger issues of life transition and change, is the result of one of the most thorough research projects ever attempted on retiring athletes.

Tinley taught English and "Sport and Society" at San Diego State University, and currently teaches "Sports, Games, and Culture" at San Diego State University and California State University San Marcos. This 7th generation Southern Californian currently (2020) resides in Del Mar, California with his wife and has two grown children.

title: Scott Tinley


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Nizhyn

Nizhyn (Ніжин, ; Нежин) is a city located in Chernihiv Oblast of northern Ukraine along the Oster River. The city is located 116 km north-east of the national capital Kyiv. Nizhyn serves as the administrative center of Nizhyn Raion. It hosts the administration of Nizhyn urban hromada which is one of the hromadas of Ukraine and was once a major city of the Chernigov Governorate. Nizhyn has a population of

History
The earliest known references to the location go back to 1147, when it was briefly mentioned as Unenezh.

In the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Nizhyn was granted Magdeburg rights (1625) as a self-governing town. In 1663, Nizhyn was the place of the Black Council of Ukrainian Cossacks, which elected Bryukhovetsky as the new Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host thus conditionally dividing Ukraine (Cossack Hetmanate) into left-bank Ukraine and right-bank Ukraine. It was also the seat of a major Cossack regiment (until 1782).

In the Cossack Hetmanate, Nizhyn had six voivodes (a Muscovite military position) from 1665 to 1697. The voivodes of the city were Ivan Rzhevskiy (1665–1672), Stepan Khruscheov (1672–1673), Prince Vladimir Volkonskiy (1673–1675), Prince Semeon Zvenigorodskiy (1673–1675), Avraam Khitrovo (1689–1692), and Ivan Saveolov Junior (1692–1697).

Nizhyn was once a major center of Hasidic Judaism and is the site of the Ohel (tomb) of the Hasidic master, Rabbi Dovber Schneuri of Chabad-Lubavitch. The city also housed the thriving Greek community, which enjoyed a number of privileges granted by Bohdan Khmelnytsky.

In the 19th century Nizhyn became an uyezd capital of the Chernihiv Governorate and the biggest city in the guberniya. In 1805, the Bezborodko Lyceum was established there (today — Nizhyn Gogol State University); its graduates include Nikolai Gogol whose statue graces one of city streets as well as Yevhen Hrebinka among other graduates. Nizhyn has also long been noted for its famous cucumbers.

During World War II, Nizhyn was occupied by the German Army from 13 September 1941 to 15 September 1943.

Jewish population
Jews first settled in Nizhyn at the beginning of the 19th century after the partition of Poland. The town grew to become a center for the Chabad Hasidim of Ukraine. Dovber Schneuri, the second Chabad rebbe, is buried here. By 1847, 1,299 Jews had registered as residents. In 1897, 24% of the population, or 7,361 residents, were Jewish.

A wave of pogroms severely affected the Jewish population in 1881 and 1905. One group of emigrants settled in Philadelphia and founded the Neziner Congregation in 1896.

During their retreat from the Germans in the spring of 1918, the Red Army carried out additional pogroms. During World War II, the region was occupied by Germany, who murdered all Jews in the area. Only those who escaped survived.

In 1959, 1,400 Jews lived in Nizhyn, about 3% of the town's population. In 2005, Nizhyn population reached 80,000. Only about 300 Jewish families lived in the city.

Aircraft crash
In July 1969 two Tupolev Tu-22 aircraft from the nearby air base collided in mid-air. The crew ejected and the plane flew on unpiloted for 52 minutes, threatening the city of Nizhyn before crashing 0.5 km from the city's railway station.

Modern times
The city of Nizhyn is one of the ancient cities of Ukraine. The architectural complex of the city forms an expressive ensemble of an ancient trade city. The experts' estimates distinguish more than 300 ancient buildings, where 70 are of a great cultural and historical value. The expressive 200 years ensemble of Post Station (the only one preserved in Ukraine) deserves special mention. Nizhyn is a city of students (each fifth inhabitant of Nizhyn is a student). The following educational establishments operate in Nizhyn – State University named after Gogol; Agro-technical College, faculty of Kremenchyk Institute of Economy and New Technologies, College of Culture and Arts named after Zankovetska, Medical College, Nizhyn Professional Lyceum of Services, Nizhyn Agrarian Lyceum, vocational college, Lyceum at the University. There are four club institutions, the Drama Theater named after Kotsiubynskyi, the Choreographic school and park landscapes in the city.

The city boasts 38 libraries with the total fund of 17,365 thousand books, which caters for 44,429 readers, more than a dozen of museums, including Nizhyn Regional museum with the following sections: art, history, Nizhyn Post Station, with about 31 thousand of exhibits of the main fund, the Museum of the History of School No.3, the Museum of the History of School No.7 with a room of M. V. Nechkina, the Korolyov Museum in School No.14, the Glory Museum of Agrarian and Technical Institute, the Museum-Chemists shop named after M. Ligda. The following institutions function at Nizhyn State Pedagogical Institute named after Gogol: The Museum of Gogol, Art Gallery, the Museum “Rare book”, zoological museum, and botanical museum. Nizhyn is a well-known industrial center, where 16 industrial enterprises, which belong to 8 branches, operate. Nizhyn is also an attractive tourist city. It is included into the tour “Necklace of Slavutych”.

A postage stamp featuring the coat of arms of Nizhyn was released by Ukraine in 2017.

Until 18 July 2020, Nizhyn was designated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to Nizhyn Raion even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernihiv Oblast to four, the city was merged into Nizhyn Raion.

Attractions
Architecturally Nizhyn was shaped in the 18th century. Foremost among its buildings must be mentioned its seven Baroque churches: Annunciation Cathedral (1702–16, modernised 1814), Presentation Cathedral (1788), St. Michael's Church of the Greek community (1719–29), St John's Church (1752, illustrated, to the right), Saviour's Transfiguration Church (1757), Intercession Church (1765), and the so-called Cossack Cathedral of St. Nicholas (1658, restored 1980s), a rare survival from the days of Nizhyn's Cossack glory, noted for its octagonal vaults and drums crowned by archetypal pear-shaped domes. Other notable buildings include the Trinity Church (1733, rebuilt a century later), the Greek magistrate (1785), and the Neoclassical complex of the Nizhyn Lyceum (designed by Luigi Rusca, built in 1805–17, expanded in 1876–79).

There is the memorial museum of Russian naval officer and explorer Yuri Lisyansky in Yuri Lisyanky birthplace house in Nizhyn and a monument by the house.

Industry
Modern Nizhyn is a major industrial center. The city has 16 companies and firms from eight industries: PVKF ** "Courier"; Starting in 1915, the city was served by a tram public transportation system. The tram system had a track gauge of and first began as horse-pulled trams at its opening in 1915. The system became defunct in the mid-1920s and never recovered. Information on the number of lines that existed is not available.
 * Engineering:
 * NEC "Progress" – the production of photographic supplies, hunting scopes, medical equipment, household goods;
 * JSC "Mechanical Plant" – manufacture of machinery for agriculture;
 * Plant "Nezhinselmash" – poultry equipment, motorcycles, bicycles, spare parts, fittings for gas and vodogonov;
 * Nizhynske Training and Production Enterprise "UTOS" – covers of metal for home canning, switches, electric sockets, nails, clips, extension cords.
 * Food:
 * Nizhynskyi cannery – the leading state-owned enterprise for the production of canned vegetables;
 * JSC "Nizhyn bread" – the production of bakery, confectionery and pasta;
 * JSC "Nizhyn brewery" (stopped in the summer of 2008) – the production of beer;
 * JSC "Nizhyn zhirkombinat" – manufacture and sale of varnishes, lacquers, oils, makukha.
 * Medicine:
 * LLC "Lab scanning devices" – the production of medical equipment, optical and electronic devices, rubber means;
 * LLC RDC "Metecol" – the production of medical products using and training simulators.
 *  Light:
 * JSC "DiSi Nezhinka" – design and manufacture of clothing;
 * Dry:
 * JSC "Nifar" – the production and supply of paints, detergents, toothpastes, plant protection products;
 * Timber:
 * Of "Furniture Factory"
 * Building:
 * JSC "Plant management of construction materials";
 * "Printing":
 * LLC "Aspect".

Twin towns – sister cities
Nizhyn is twinned with:

 * 🇬🇷 Ioannina, Greece
 * 🇱🇻 Preiļi, Latvia
 * 🇵🇱 Świdnica, Poland
 * 🇺🇸 State College, PA, United States

Notable people

 * Jacob Pavlovitch Adler, Jewish actor.
 * Sonya Adler, one of the first women to perform in Yiddish theater in Imperial Russia.
 * Antoni Andrzejowski, Polish botanist, teacher of the Nizhyn Lyceum (1839–1856), author of the diary Wspomnienia starego detiuka.
 * Abraham Berline, artist.
 * Mark Bernes, a Soviet actor and singer of Jewish ancestry.
 * Elina Bystritskaya, a Soviet film actress, People's Artist of the USSR.
 * Semyon Desnitsky, a disciple of Adam Smith who introduced his ideas to the Russian public.
 * Timofei Dokshizer, principal trumpeter and trumpet soloist of the Bolshoi Theater, of Jewish ancestry.
 * Olga Khokhlova, Pablo Picasso's wife.
 * Sergey Korolyov, the father of the Soviet space program.
 * Nestor Kukolnik, a Russian playwright and prose writer.
 * Yuri Lisyansky, headed the first Russian circumnavigation of the globe.
 * Oleksandr Matsievskyi, Ukrainian Ground Forces member and captive executed by Russian soldiers during the Battle of Bakhmut in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
 * Kateryna Pavlenko, lead singer of the Ukrainian electro-folk band Go_A.
 * Zhanna Pintusevich-Block, a world champion sprinter.
 * Israel Rosenberg, founded the first Yiddish theater troupe in Imperial Russia.
 * Ihor Sholin, former professional Ukrainian football player.
 * Maria Zankovetska, a Ukrainian theater actress, the very first recipient of People's Artist of Ukraine.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Nizhyn


text:
Angel Tales

Angel Tales (おとぎストーリー 天使のしっぽ) is a Japanese anime television series animated by Tōkyō Kids. The series was broadcast by the anime television network, Animax across its respective networks worldwide, including Southeast Asia, East Asia and South Asia, in English and other languages.

The series was licensed for distribution by Bandai Entertainment in North America.

Plot
The main character, Gorō Mutsumi, has no luck at all, not with jobs, nor with his schooling, and especially not with women. That is until the day he meets a fortune teller who informs him that he will have a fateful encounter and adds a spell to his cell phone that allows his guardian angels to appear to him. Gorō does not believe her and walks away as he remembers all of his previous times of bad luck with women.

It is then seen that he meets three girls who are waiting for him as he is bathing. They say they are now his guardian angels, sent to earth from the spirit realm. They are the first three of his twelve beloved pets who had died due to Gorō's poor luck, returning to him on earth. He does not find out they are his pets at first.

Soon more of his former pets return to him as guardian angels, and each desires to be his favorite. They also have fears from their past lives that they must overcome, and they must learn to live with each other. It is the only way they will stand a chance of helping Gorō turn his life around.

These girls however are not the only ones on earth; because of Gorō's own past life, there are strange people out there trying to put a stop to these girls turning his luck around. For their own reasons, these people fear Gorō and desire him out of the way. As the story progresses the girls learn they must protect Gorō not only from his own bad luck but from these other people, without fully understanding either who they are or why they want to harm their beloved master.

Characters

 * Gorō Mutsumi (睦 悟郎)
 * Gorō is the protagonist of the anime, and until the second season he is still the protagonist, he works as if he is working as the sage. In a past life, Gorō was the sage named Seijya, "not human nor animal two supreme beings that are tied together", who stole the divine powers of the Four Saint Beasts; the Fang of the Blue Dragon (sword), the Wings of the Red Phoenix (wings), the Shell of the Black Turtle (shield) and the Armour of the White Tiger (skin) and sealed the Beasts away for centuries in order to prevent the impending destruction of the humans and, in his next life, to create a new world where humans and animals can live as equals with the Saint Beasts help.
 * Gorō is the protagonist of the anime, and until the second season he is still the protagonist, he works as if he is working as the sage. In a past life, Gorō was the sage named Seijya, "not human nor animal two supreme beings that are tied together", who stole the divine powers of the Four Saint Beasts; the Fang of the Blue Dragon (sword), the Wings of the Red Phoenix (wings), the Shell of the Black Turtle (shield) and the Armour of the White Tiger (skin) and sealed the Beasts away for centuries in order to prevent the impending destruction of the humans and, in his next life, to create a new world where humans and animals can live as equals with the Saint Beasts help.

 * In Season 2 Gorō Mutsumi became veterinarian and takes care of all animals confined. He then encountered failure in his job, but still, he continued to work for himself and his angels.

Guardian angels
The titular guardian angels are reincarnations of Gorō's beloved childhood pets who are modeled after girls whom Gorō had been friends with as a child. Each of the pets died in an unfortunate accident, but was reincarnated as one of Gorō's guardian angels. All of the girls love Gorō, are very possessive of him and are willing to protect him even at the cost their own lives. Each of the girls has a phobia related to the cause of her death from when she was a pet. Over the course of the story, the girls have to overcome their fears in order to help Gorō. They all acknowledge each other as family, referring to one another as sisters.

 * Ran (ラン) (goldfish)

Ran is a calm and caring girl who is the reincarnation of Gorō's pet goldfish. Ran is a Senior rank guardian angel and one of the first three angels to appear in the series. She has the most screen time of any girl in the anime and her image was used to advertise the show more than any of the other angels. The series even opens with her death as a goldfish: while Gorō was on vacation, a power failure stopped the circulation pump in Ran's tank and she died due to a lack of oxygen. Due to this, Ran has aquaphobia: a fear of water. She is deeply in love with Gorō. Tsubasa also notes and comments upon the fact that Ran's feelings surpass her own, and vows to bring Ran and Gorō together. Ran's name means orchid and her hairstyle represents a fish's fins. Her color image is pink.

 * Tsubasa (ツバサ) (parakeet)

Tsubasa is one of the first three angels to appear to Gorō and is of Intermediate rank. She was a parakeet in her past life, her hairstyle represents a parakeet's wings and her name means wing. As a bird, she had a broken wing and was rescued by Gorō, who took care of her. She tried to show Gorō her appreciation for his attention by showing him her beauty in flight, but her wing hadn't healed fully and she fell from the house's window and died. As a result, Tsubasa has acrophobia: a fear of heights. Tsubasa has deep feelings for Gorō, and she is angry at Rei, the Red Phoenix (Suzaku), who is in love with her but hurt her beloved master. Her color image is red. In Season 2, Tsubasa is promoted to Senior rank.

 * Kurumi (クルミ) (hamster)

Kurumi is one of the first three angels that appeared in the series and is of Intermediate rank. She is named after and looks identical to Goro's childhood crush. In her past life she was a hamster that escaped from her cage and got lost, unable to find her way home and she eventually died of starvation. She now has  Ypositismosphobia: a fear of hunger, and is always snacking. Her hairstyle, bao and mouth shape represent a hamster's ears and mouth. Her name means walnut and her color image is yellow. She tends to end her sentences with "Nano".

 * Yuki (ユキ) (snake)

Yuki is a Senior rank guardian angel and the eldest of Goro's guardian angels. She acts, and is seen, as a mother to the younger angels and Mika insultingly refers to her as "mother. She usually remains quiet but will give useful advice when asked. Yuki was a white snake in her past life. Her name means snow, alluding to the color of her skin and scales as a snake. Yuki's color image is blue. In her past life Yuki burned to death, and she has pyrophobia: the fear of fire. She is the bride of Gou the Azure Dragon (Seiryu). In season 2, Yuki becomes a goddess in place of the previous goddess, who broke the rules. She watches over the world especially animals and Gorō.

 * Mika (ミカ) (rabbit)

Mika is a Senior rank guardian angel. She was a rabbit in her past life and her hairstyle represents a rabbit's ears. She is extroverted and hyperactive and her over-the-top antics usually result in her being yelled at by Ayumi and Akane (rabbits have a history of rivalry with turtles and foxes). When she was a rabbit, she died of loneliness. Her attention seeking may be due to autophobia: a fear of loneliness. Her name means new moon, alluding to myth of the rabbit of the moon. Her color image is orange. Unlike most of the other angels, she is very clearly romantically attracted to Gorō.

 * Ayumi (アユミ) (turtle)

Ayumi is a Senior rank guardian angel. She was a turtle in her past life and is slow to make decisions because she is always thinking ahead. Ayumi always wears a green beret-like hat that symbolizes her turtle shell in her past life. Ayumi often scolds Mika and argues with her most of the time. Her name means walk and her color image is black. As a turtle, Ayumi was crushed to death, so she is now claustrophobic (afraid of tight spaces) and achluophobic (afraid of the dark). Ayumi is the bride of Shin, the Black Turtle (Genbu). Out of the four guardian angels who were abducted by the four Saint Beasts, she reciprocates her abductor's feelings the most.

 * Akane (アカネ) (fox)

Akane is an Intermediate rank guardian angel. She was a fox in her past life and her pony tail and hair ribbon-ties represent a fox's tail and ears. Akane is an introverted and misunderstood girl: she appears to be cold but is actually very friendly and warms to Midori more than the other angels. She is mature for her age but is very afraid of dogs, even Nana. This is because in her past life she was a fox who died after dogs attacked her and her family and she was shot by a hunter. She is, therefore, afraid of dogs (cynophobia), loud noises (ligryophobia) and bright lights (selaphobia). Her color image is purple and her name means red dye. She reveals that she is in love with Gorō.

 * Midori (ミドリ) (tanuki or raccoon dog)

Midori is an Intermediate rank guardian angel who is often seen with Akane working in an udon restaurant, which is a reference to Japanese mythology. In her past life as a raccoon dog, and her hairstyle represents a raccoon's mask and tail. Midori died of food poisoning and she is now a very picky eater (toxicophobia is a fear of poisoning). She and Akane have the ability to shapeshift - a power that tanuki and kitsune have been known to possess in Japanese mythology. Her name means green and that is her color image.

 * Tamami (タマミ) (cat)

Tamami is an Intermediate rank guardian angel. She was a cat in her past life and her hairstyle represents a cat's ears. Tamami has a very cat-like personality: she is very hyperactive and is able to scale walls with ease. She has a tendency to take naps in warm, sunny places. Her name means beautiful gem and her color image is white. In her past life, Tamami was run over by a car and she now has motorphobia: a fear of cars or automobiles. Tamami is the bride of Gai, the White Tiger (Byakko), who is very protective of her but says that she's too young. In the second season, Tamami is promoted to Senior rank due to her achievements in the human world.

 * Momo (モモ) (monkey)

Momo is a Junior rank guardian angel. She was a monkey in her past life and her hairstyle represents a monkey's tail. Strangely, her monkey form greatly resembles a tarsier. Her name means peach and her color image is brown. Momo is shy and unable to express what is on her mind. However, she gradually develops courage and self-confidence. Nana and Lulu note that Momo has a crush on a boy from the neighborhood, named Daisuke, who too had a crush on her. As a monkey, Momo was very curious and adventurous which led to her losing her tail and dying by electrocution. She now has electraphobia: a fear of electricity and technophobia: a fear of technology, electronics or anything powered by electricity. In season 2, she is promoted to Intermediate rank and she develops feelings for Gorō.

 * Nana (ナナ) (dog)

Nana is a Junior rank guardian angel. She was a dog in her past life and her hairstyle represents a dog's ears. Nana has a tomboyish personality and is hyperactive, like a puppy. She enjoys walks but tends to get lost. When Nana was a dog, she died in pain and is afraid of feeling pain (agliophobia). Her name means grace and her color image is light blue.

 * Lulu (ルル) (frog)

Lulu is a Junior rank guardian angel and the youngest of the group. She was a frog in her past life and her hairstyle and hair ornaments represent a frog's skin and eyes. Lulu is a rather spoiled girl who only listens to and obeys Gorō, much to Gou and Gai's displeasure and frustration. As a frog, Lulu froze to death, so she is afraid of the cold (cryophobia) and cold objects (frigophobia). Her name means pearl and her color image is yellow-green.

Four Saint Beasts
As early as Tamami's entrance (in the second episode), these four men who are reincarnations of the Four Sacred Beasts (Seiryu, Suzaku, Byakko and Genbu) make numerous attempts to eliminate Gorō's life. Midway into the story, Yuki, Tsubasa, Tamami and Ayumi are kidnapped by them to be their respective "brides". It is later revealed that the reason for this was revenge for Gorō's past life taking their special powers. However, it was also revealed after the confrontation between Gorō and the eight remaining angels and the four gods that Gorō's past life was in fact Seijya "Not human nor animal two supreme beings that are tied together" and the act of taking these powers was only to prevent any possible conflict between humans and animals. Because of finally understanding the true reason for the loss of their powers, the four kidnapped angels are returned to normal and the four move in to assume the task of protecting Gorō. Unfortunately, they aren't as efficient as the angels so they elect to leave Gorō again with the angels to reclaim their powers on their own, knowing that Gorō is in good hands with the angels. They all wear qipao-like attire colored in their respective colors. They make no appearance in the second season, but are mentioned.

In 2003, a spin-off series named Saint Beast premiered. Other than the Four Saint Beasts and Yuki as the Goddess as well as Ayumi, Tamami, Tsubasa and Gorō Mutsumi reincarnated as the sage, there is no real relationship to Angel Tales.

 * Gou
 * The reincarnation of Seiryu the Azure Dragon of the East. As such, he is the group's leader and the most powerful. Unlike the other three gods, he is heterochromatic (his right eye is blue while his left is red). He is the last to appear (at the end of episode 8) and his reappearance frightens even the goddess, who accidentally drops her staff in fear. He takes Yuki as his bride, since Oriental dragons, which Seiryu is commonly depicted as, are serpentine. He is clearly in love with Yuki, as she is with him.
 * The reincarnation of Seiryu the Azure Dragon of the East. As such, he is the group's leader and the most powerful. Unlike the other three gods, he is heterochromatic (his right eye is blue while his left is red). He is the last to appear (at the end of episode 8) and his reappearance frightens even the goddess, who accidentally drops her staff in fear. He takes Yuki as his bride, since Oriental dragons, which Seiryu is commonly depicted as, are serpentine. He is clearly in love with Yuki, as she is with him.

Sacred Power: Fang(Sword) of the Blue Dragon. Lightning Blast

 * Rei
 * The reincarnation of Suzaku the Vermilion Bird of the South. He is the most feminine in appearance, behavior (though not as extreme enough to be considered homosexual, which he himself states), and (only in the Japanese version) voice, thus the series' bishōnen. He first appears to hypnotize Gorō while on a date with Tsubasa to a theme park to ride the ferris wheel, knowing full well of Tsubasa's fear of heights. He later takes Tsubasa as his bride, since both are birds. When she later regains control of her will, she slaps Rei, without a care of who he was, to prove a point of how much grief and trouble they caused. Later on, even he notes that Tsubasa has feelings for him, but as he was leaving, he was contented with the result. Unlike his Saint Beast counterpart, his hair covers his left eye, hence the bishōnen appearance.
 * The reincarnation of Suzaku the Vermilion Bird of the South. He is the most feminine in appearance, behavior (though not as extreme enough to be considered homosexual, which he himself states), and (only in the Japanese version) voice, thus the series' bishōnen. He first appears to hypnotize Gorō while on a date with Tsubasa to a theme park to ride the ferris wheel, knowing full well of Tsubasa's fear of heights. He later takes Tsubasa as his bride, since both are birds. When she later regains control of her will, she slaps Rei, without a care of who he was, to prove a point of how much grief and trouble they caused. Later on, even he notes that Tsubasa has feelings for him, but as he was leaving, he was contented with the result. Unlike his Saint Beast counterpart, his hair covers his left eye, hence the bishōnen appearance.

Sacred Power: Wings of the Red Phoenix. Talon Strike. Scorched Flame

 * Gai
 * The reincarnation of Byakko the White Tiger of the West. He is the most impulsive and possibly the younger brother of the group and is prone to wild fits. He is the first to appear, attempting to run over Gorō with a truck but is saved by Tamami, whom he later takes as his bride, both being cats. Though he complained about Tamami's age at first, he really is fond of her, and always tries to protect her.
 * The reincarnation of Byakko the White Tiger of the West. He is the most impulsive and possibly the younger brother of the group and is prone to wild fits. He is the first to appear, attempting to run over Gorō with a truck but is saved by Tamami, whom he later takes as his bride, both being cats. Though he complained about Tamami's age at first, he really is fond of her, and always tries to protect her.

Sacred Power: Armour of the White Tiger. Tiger Claw

 * Shin
 * The reincarnation of Genbu the Black Tortoise of the North. He is the sensible, calm and brooding member of the group and its second-in-command, leading it in Gou's absence. He bypassed Ayumi while she was doing groceries. He later saw her again when the three tricked Gorō into working at an abandoned site under the pretense of a part-time job but to use him as a sacrifice to revive Gou. It was here that he fell in love with her enough to save her from the collapsing building. He later made her his bride, both being closely related animals (shelled reptiles). However, when the four joined Gorō's side, Ayumi unconsciously hints that the relationship may not be one sided even before her abduction, the same goes for Yuki and Gou and perhaps, Tamami and Gai. His Saint Beast counterpart constantly wears glasses and has shoulder-length blue-green hair, unlike the original Shin, who only wore his glasses in disguise, as well as having shorter black hair.
 * The reincarnation of Genbu the Black Tortoise of the North. He is the sensible, calm and brooding member of the group and its second-in-command, leading it in Gou's absence. He bypassed Ayumi while she was doing groceries. He later saw her again when the three tricked Gorō into working at an abandoned site under the pretense of a part-time job but to use him as a sacrifice to revive Gou. It was here that he fell in love with her enough to save her from the collapsing building. He later made her his bride, both being closely related animals (shelled reptiles). However, when the four joined Gorō's side, Ayumi unconsciously hints that the relationship may not be one sided even before her abduction, the same goes for Yuki and Gou and perhaps, Tamami and Gai. His Saint Beast counterpart constantly wears glasses and has shoulder-length blue-green hair, unlike the original Shin, who only wore his glasses in disguise, as well as having shorter black hair.

Sacred Power: Shield of the Black Turtle. Genbu Shell Attack.

Episode list

 * 1. An Unforgettable Bond "Wasurerarenai Kizuna"
 * 2. I'm Not Afraid Of My Trauma! "Watashi Wa Watashi No Torauma O Osorete Imasen!"
 * 3. Let Me Help You, Master! "Otetsudai Sa Kete Kudasai Masuta!
 * 4. I Can't Bear A Goodbye! "Sayonara Wa Dekimasen!"
 * 5. Please Remember, Master! "Masuta, O Oboete Kudasai!"
 * 5.5 Master & Our House "Masuta To Watashitachi No Ie"
 * 6. The Master Of The Soba Restaurant "Soba-Ya No Shujin"
 * 7. The Elementary School For Small Angels "Chisana Tenshin No Tame No Shoggako"
 * 8. A Dangerous Part-Time Job? "Kiten-Na Arubaito"
 * 9. Feelings That Have Started To Sprout "Mebuki Hajimeta Kimochi"
 * 10. I Will Protect You Even If It Means Sacrificing Myself! "Jibun O Gisei Ni Suru To Iu Imi Demo Anata O Mamorimasu!"
 * 11. Separation Always Occurs Suddenly! "Bunri Wa Tsunenai Totsuzen Okoru"
 * 12. Master, We Love You! "Masuta, Aishiteruyo!"
 * 13. The Unforgettable Someone "Wasurerarenai Dareka"

Music

 * Opening theme
 * Tenshi no Shippo by P.E.T.S (Rie Tanaka, Sakura Nogawa, Mayako Nigo, Kyōko Hikami, Yukana)

 * Ending theme
 * One Drop by Sakura Nogawa

 * Insert song
 * Ai no Hoshi by Masumi Itō

Game
There is also a PlayStation game by the same name published by Bandai Games.

title: Angel Tales


text:
User talk:Casublett

Welcome!
Hello Casublett, and welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like it here and decide to stay.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * Read the tutorial and learn how to edit a page.
 * Experiment in the sandbox.
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If you need any help, see the help pages and glossary, add a question to the help desk, or ask me on my talk page.

I hope you will enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Good luck! — Bcat

title: User talk:Casublett


text:
Talk:Jade (color)

green is not the only color of jade. please see http://www.fieldmuseum.org/exhibits/exhibit_sites/jades/aj_color.html

title: Talk:Jade (color)


text:
Salvatore Adamo

Salvatore Knight Adamo (November 1, 1943) is a Belgian-Italian musician, singer and composer, who is known for his romantic ballads. Adamo was born in Comiso, Sicily, Italy, and has lived in Belgium since the age of three, which is why he has dual citizenship. By 1964, he was the world's best-selling artist behind The Beatles. Through his career, he sold more than 80 million albums and 20 million singles worldwide, making him the best-selling Belgian artist of all time, and one of the most commercially successful musicians in the world.

He first gained popularity throughout Europe and later in the Middle East, Latin America, Japan, and the United States. Adamo mainly performs in French but has also sung in Italian, Dutch, English, German, Spanish, Japanese, and Turkish. "Tombe la neige", "La nuit", "Vous permettez, Monsieur?", "Inch'Allah" and "C'est ma vie" remain his best known songs.

Since 2001 Adamo holds the Belgian noble title of Ridder, similar to the English title of "Knight".

Early life
The father of Adamo, Antonio, emigrated to Belgium in February 1947 to work as a colliery worker in the mines of Marcinelle. Four months later his wife, Concetta, and their son, Salvatore, joined him in the town of Ghlin, before moving to Jemappes (Mons).

In 1956, Salvatore was bedridden for a year with meningitis.

Salvatore's parents did not want their son to become a miner, so he went to a Catholic school run by the Frères des Ecoles Chrétiennes. By 1960, the family of Antonio and Concetta Adamo had seven children overall. Salvatore was a dedicated student at school and distinguished himself in music and the arts.

Career
Adamo's early influences were the poetry of Victor Hugo and Jacques Prévert, the music of French singer-songwriters like Georges Brassens, and the Italian canzonette. He started singing and composing his own songs from an early age. His debut was in a Radio Luxembourg competition, where he participated as singer and composer of the song "Si j'osais" ("If I dared"), winning the competition's final held in Paris on 14 February 1960.

Adamo's first hit was "Sans toi, ma mie", in 1963, from his debut album 63/64. He followed this with a series of hits, the most famous being "Tombe la neige" ("The snow falls") in 1963, "La nuit" ("The Night") in 1964, "Mes mains sur tes hanches" ("My hands on your hips") in 1965 and "Inch'Allah". The self-penned "Petit bonheur" ("Little Happiness") sold over one million copies by April 1970, and was awarded a gold disc.

Adamo has sold over 100 million copies of recordings worldwide. He has recorded in many languages and, besides France and Belgium, had hits in Italy, the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Turkey and also in Japan, where he toured repeatedly. He has had hits and toured also in Latin America and throughout the Middle East.

In Chile, the audience awarded him an appreciation prize known as the "Antorcha" (Gold and Silver Torch) at the "Festival de Viña del Mar" held yearly in the "Quinta Vergara", at the seaside resort of Viña del Mar, where he once had to sing in three different, sold-out venues in the same night. In the 1980s, Adamo's career faltered, as the style of his music was no longer fashionable. Since the 1990s, however, and on the crest of a nostalgia wave, he has successfully resumed composing, issuing records and touring, starting with a full season at the Casino de Paris venue in April 1990.

In 2003, he released the album Zanzibar, in collaboration with his friend the singer Arno, whose repertoire already included a famous cover of the song Les Filles du Bord de Mer. During a 2004 tour, Adamo was admitted to a Paris hospital because he had become unwell during a performance. Consequently, a number of performances were cancelled. Even later in life, Adamo proved to still have a lot of fans in Latin America. In 2018, during a tour, 50,000 people gathered at Santiago airport in Chile to see their idol. In 2023, he produced an album of French adaptations of English language hits by Elton John, Pearl Jam and 10cc. The album is entitled In French Please! A concert tour in 2023, celebrating his 60 year career was jeopardized due to the ongoing health problems of the 79-year-old Adamo. In the end, the first concerts went ahead as planned.

Filmography
Adamo acted in a few French-language movies. He made his film debut in Les Arnaud (1967), which starred Bourvil. He acted in L'ardoise (1970) of Claude Bernard-Aubert, together with Michel Constantin and Jess Hahn. Adamo himself co-wrote, directed and acted in L'île au coquelicot (1972).

Years later, he reappeared in the series La Légende de Croc-Blanc (1992) and in the movie Laisse tes mains sur mes hanches (2003). Adamo acted as himself in Lili David (2012) and Les Chamois (2017).

In popular culture
Amália Rodrigues recorded "Inch'Allah" in French. More than five hundred different versions of his chanson "Tombe la neige", one of his many international hits worldwide, exist. It has been covered in Bulgarian, Turkish ("Her Yerde Kar Var"), Japanese, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian and Chinese (Cantopop).

Honours and awards
In 2001, Adamo was raised into the Belgian nobility (with motto Humblement mais dignement) by King Albert II and given for life the Belgian noble title Ridder. He was appointed an Officer of the Belgian Order of the Crown in 2002. In 2014, Adamo was honored at Victoires de la Musique in France. For his 38 visits to Japan and over 500 concerts, his influence on Japanese popular music, and his work as UNICEF goodwill ambassador, Adamo was honored Order of the Rising Sun in 2016.

Orders

 * Ordre_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres_Commandeur_ribbon.svg Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres: 1987
 * BEL Kroonorde Ridder BAR.svg Knight in the Order of the Crown: 1991
 * BEL Kroonorde Officier BAR.svg Officer in the Order of the Crown: 2002
 * Legion_Honneur_Officier_ribbon.svg Officer of the French Legion of Honour: 2005
 * ITA OCSI Commendatore BAR.svg Commander in the Order of the Star of Italy: 2015
 * Rosette commandeur Mérite wallon.png Commander in the Walloon Order of Merit (fr): 2015
 * JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 4Class BAR.svg Japanese Order of the Rising Sun: 2016

Awards

 * Dutch Edison Award: 1964 (album Vous Permettez Monsieur?)
 * French Miden trophy: 1965, 1966, 1967
 * Zamu Music Award for his entire career: 2002
 * Grand Prix international de poésie francophone by Société des poètes et artistes de France: 2010
 * Victoires de la Musique Lifetime achievement award: 2014
 * Octaves de la Musique (fr) Lifetime achievement award: 2014
 * Grands prix SACEM: 2017
 * D6bels Music Awards (fr) Prix d'Honneur: 2018
 * Premio Tenco (it): 2018
 * Vagonate di vinile award of the Associazione Vinile Italiana: 2018
 * SABAM Lifetime achievement award: 2023

Honours

 * Honorary citizen of Jemappes: 1966
 * Ville de Jemappes Silver Medal: 1973
 * UNICEF ambassador: 1993
 * Created Knight Adamo by Royal Decree, with devise Humbly but with dignity: 2001
 * Honorary citizen of Montreal, Canada: 2002
 * Honorary citizen of Mons, Belgium: 2002
 * Honorary citizen of Comiso, Italy: 2002
 * Bronze Zinneke: 2003
 * Honorary citizen of Paris, France: 2005
 * Honorary citizen of Uccle, Belgium: 2010
 * Radio 2 Hall of Fame: 2014
 * Doctorat honoris causa University of Mons: 2014
 * 27 Golden albums, of which some with more than 1 million copies
 * Sold more than 130 million discs worldwide

Personal life
At the end of the 1960s, Adamo married Nicole. Their children were Anthony (born in 1969), Benjamin, and then Amélie. At the height of his stardom, his own father died by drowning on 7 August 1966. His younger sister Délizia was also a recording artist. He wrote a number of songs for his sister, including her debut hit "Prends le chien" in 1974. She also joined him in his tour in 1975. Adamo has two sons (1969 and 1981) and a daughter (1980). He has two granddaughters.

In 1984, Adamo had heart problems which necessitated a heart bypass operation and a temporary though total withdrawal from work. Since 1993, he has been an honorary UNICEF ambassador from Belgium and, in this capacity, has visited countries such as Vietnam, Lebanon, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Afghanistan and others. In 2004, health problems forced him to cancel a scheduled tour but, since 2007, he started touring again. In December 2011, he performed in Espinho, Portugal and Bucharest, Romania.

Trivia

 * In Dolce Paola, he sang about Paola, the later queen of Belgium. In the press, rumors spread that Adamo had an affair with the princess. He later received a request from Prince Philippe to also compose a song for his wife Mathilde, the Duchess of Brabant.
 * Since 1994, there has been a Dutch tulip named Adamo.
 * Vous permettez, monsieur? was at No 1 on the 1964 annual list.
 * In the commune of Sin-le-Noble in France, there is a Rue Salvatore Adamo.

Studio albums

 * 1962 : Sans Toi Ma mie (Pathé-Marconi Records – France)
 * 1963 : Chansons non-commerciales (Belgium)
 * 1964 : Tombe la neige
 * 1964 : Vous Permettez Monsieur (Canada)
 * 1964 : Mes 21 ans (Canada)
 * 1965 : La Nuit, vol. 2
 * 1967 : Notre roman (Canada)
 * 1967 : Ton nom (Canada)
 * 1968 : J'ai tant de rêves dans mes bagages
 * 1968 : Chansons pour l'été (Canada)
 * 1969 : Petit Bonheur
 * 1971 : Chansons de mes seize ans (Rerelease Emidisc)
 * 1972 : Quand tu reviendras
 * 1973 : A ceux qui rêvent encore
 * 1975 : Mademoiselle attendez (Canada) (with 7 unpublished titles in France)
 * 1975 : Jusqu'à l'amour
 * 1976 : Voyage jusqu'à toi
 * 1977 : Et on chantait
 * 1979 : Pauvre Liberté
 * 1981 : " Printemps sous la neige" (Japan, disques "Victor" with 6 unpublished titles in France)
 * 1982 : Puzzle
 * 1986 : Autre chose (Double album Belgium RCA Ariola/Charles TALAR)
 * 1987 : Avec des si
 * 1989 : Sur la route des étoiles
 * 1992 : Rêveur de fond
 * 1995 : La Vie comme elle passe
 * 1997 : Regards
 * 2001 : Par les temps qui courent
 * 2003 : Zanzibar
 * 2007 : La Part de l'ange
 * 2008 : Le Bal des gens bien (Remake of Adamo songs as duos with 18 other singers)
 * 2010 : De toi à moi
 * 2012 : La grande roue
 * 2014 : Adamo chante Bécaud
 * 2016 : L'Amour n'a jamais tort
 * 2018 : Si vous saviez...
 * 2023 : In French Please!

Albums (other languages)

 * In German
 * 1988 : Seine Grossen Erfolge
 * 1999 : Single Hits
 * 2003 : So Bin Ich, Das Beste
 * 2011 : All the Best

 * Spanish
 * 1981 : Aquellas manos en tu cintura
 * 1986 : Buscador de oro
 * 1990 : Las mejores canciones
 * 1998 : Simplemente lo mejor
 * 2003 : Lo mejor de...48 – Grandes éxitos
 * 2004 : En Chile – Live
 * 2004 : 24 Grandes éxitos en castellano
 * 2005 : Mis manos en tu cintura
 * 2006 : Voces del amor
 * 2011 : 30 Grandes de

 * Turkish
 * 1964 : ‘’Her yerde kar var’’

Compilation albums

 * 1962: Adamo, (25 cm, Polydor)
 * 1967: 'Hits of Adamo' (hits from 1963, 1964, 1965 and 1966 – Orchestra conducted by O.Saintal and A. Goraguer, English sleeve note EMI LP 3601)
 * 1974: Los Hits de Adamo en Castellano-EMI/Odeon (Greatest hits in Spanish)
 * 1978: Les chansons d'où je viens (CBS, new arrangements by Roger Loubet and Franck Fiévez – with )
 * 1993: 30 ans (20 great songs, new recordings CARRERE/WEA)
 * 1993: Paroles et musique (1979/1991) (AMC Belgium, unreleased titles)
 * 2002: Mes plus belles chansons d'amour (Double CD Atoll Sony 1979/1994 with unreleased titles)
 * 2002: Les Mots de l'âme (compilation – Long Box 3 CDs EMI)
 * 2003: C'est ma vie: L'Intégrale 1963/1975 (compilation – first 12 albums, EMI)
 * 2003: Anthologie C'est ma vie (Long Box 3 CDs EMI (with previously unreleased titles and foreign versions)
 * 2005: Platinum Collection (compilation – 3 CD collection, EMI, 2 unreleased tracks)
 * 2019: 1962-1975 (8 CD PIAS)
 * In Italian
 * 1996: Canto L'Amore
 * 1998: I Successi di Adamo
 * 1998: I Successi di Adamo Volume 2
 * 2005: Studio Collection

Live albums

 * 1965 : Adamo à l'Olympia
 * 1967 : Olympia 67
 * 1968 : A la place des arts de Montréal (Canada)
 * 1969 : Olympia 69
 * 1969 : Adamo in Japan live
 * 1970 : Adamo in Deutschland: Live-Konzert aus der Philharmonie in Berlin (Double album)
 * 1971 : Olympia 71
 * 1972 : Live in Japan 72
 * 1974 : Live in Japan 74
 * 1977 : Olympia 77 (CBS)
 * 1981 : Live au Théâtre des Champs-Élysées 80 (Teldec Germany Import EMI) (Double album)
 * 1982 : Japan concert 81 (disques Victor double album with le Choral Echo and String Orchestra Arrangements Gérard Sabbe)
 * 1984 : Japan Best sélection (studio remix of 20 live tracks Concert 81) (Rereleased 1990 and 1992 in France 16 titles – Pomme Music Sony)
 * 1992 : Live in Japan (EMI Toshiba Japan) (CD and DVD with different tracks at times)
 * 1992 : A l'Olympia – Collection Or (Sony International) (Olympia '77 + 4 titles in studio)
 * 1994 : C'est ma vie. Le meilleur d'Adamo en public (At Théâtre Royal de Mons) (Double CD Flarenasch Carrère, 34 titles)
 * 1994 : Symphonic'Adamo Live à Liège on 22 Avril 1994) (SA Music)
 * 1994 : C'est Ma Vie – Enregistrement public (Flarenasch Carrère France) ("Les meilleurs moments" 18 titles)
 * 1998 : Best Of – Le meilleur En Public (Wagram France)
 * 2002 : A l'Olympia (Wagram France 1995 / 2002)
 * 2004 : Un soir au Zanzibar (En public au Cirque Royal de Bruxelles) (Double CD and DVD Polydor)
 * 2004 : En Vivo, Estadio Chile 2003 (Double album EMI in Spanish live – EMI Chili)

Singles
(Selective)

 * 1963: "Tombe la neige"
 * 1963: "Sans toi mamie"
 * 1963: "Amour perdu"
 * 1963: "N'est-ce pas merveileux?"
 * 1964: "Vous permettez, Monsieur ?"
 * 1964: "La Nuit"
 * 1964: "Quand les roses"
 * 1964: "Si jamais"
 * 1965: "Dolce Paola"
 * 1965: "Les Filles du bord de mer"
 * 1965: "Elle..."
 * 1965: "Mes mains sur tes hanches"
 * 1965: "Viens ma brune"
 * 1965: "J'aime"
 * 1965: "Comme toujours"
 * 1966: "Ton Nom"
 * 1966: "Une meche de cheveux"
 * 1966: "Tenez-vous bien"
 * 1967: "Une larme aux nuages"
 * 1967: "Inch'Allah"
 * 1967: "Ensemble"
 * 1967: "L'amour te ressemble"
 * 1967: "Notre roman"
 * 1967: "Le néon"
 * 1968: "F... comme femme"
 * 1968: "Le ruisseau de mon enfance"
 * 1968: "Et sur la mer..."
 * 1968: "Pauvre Verlaine"
 * 1968: "L'Amour te ressemble"
 * 1968: "Une larme aux nuages"
 * 1968: "La valse d'été"
 * 1968: "J'ai tant de rêves dans mes bagages"
 * 1969: "À demain sur la lune"
 * 1969: "Petit bonheur"
 * 1969: "Les gratte-ciel"
 * 1970: "Va mon bateau"
 * 1970: "Les belles dames"
 * 1970: "Si le ciel est amoureux de toi"
 * 1970: "Les belles dames" / Die schönen Damen
 * 1970: "Alors.. reviens mois"
 * 1971: "J'avais oublié que les roses sont roses"
 * 1971: "Caresse"
 * 1971: "Et t'oublier"
 * 1971: "A demain sur la lune"
 * 1971: "Sois heureuse rose"
 * 1972: "Femme aux yeux d'amour"
 * 1972: "Quand tu reviendras"
 * 1972: "Mon amour, sors de chez toi"
 * 1973: "Crazy Lue"
 * 1973: "Gwendolina"
 * 1973: "Rosalie, c'est la vie"
 * 1973: "Marie la Mer"
 * 1975: "C'est ma vie"
 * 1975: "Prête-moi une chanson"
 * 1976: "Voyage jusqu'à toi"
 * 1976: "J'ai trouvé un été"
 * 1980: "Et on chantait"
 * 1980: "C'est pas legal"
 * 2013: "Des belles personnes"

Singles (other languages)

 * In German

 * 1964: "Gestatten Sie, Monsieur?" (Vous permettez, Monsieur ?)
 * 1965: "Eine Locke von deinem Haar" (Une mèche de cheveux)
 * 1966: "Das Wunder der Liebe" (Notre Roman)
 * 1968: "Es geht eine Träne auf Reisen" (Une larme aux nuages)
 * 1968: "Der Walzer des Sommers" (La valse d'été)
 * 1969: "Du bist so wie die Liebe" (L'Amour te resemble)
 * 1970: "Ein kleines Glück" (Petit bonheur)
 * 1970: "Komm in mein Boot" (Va mon bateau)
 * 1971: "Bis morgen – auf dem Mond mit dir (À demain sur la lune)
 * 1971: "Gute Reise, schöne Rose" (Sois heureuse rose)
 * 1971: "Ich muss wieder lernen, die Rosen zu sehen"
 * 1972: "Liebe Tag für Tag"
 * 1972: "Mädchen, wildes Mädchen" (Femme aux yeux d'amour)
 * 1972: "Die alte Dame, der Sänger und die Spatzen" (La vieille, l'idole et les oiseaux)
 * 1975: "Leih' mir eine Melodie" (Prête-moi une chanson)
 * 1976: "Die Reise zu dir" (Voyage jusqu'à toi)
 * 1976: "Der Sommer, den ich fand" (J'ai trouvé un été)
 * 1977: "Der Hund"
 * 1978: "Klopfe beim Glück an die Tür" (Frappe à la porte du bonheur)
 * 1979: "Zweimal Glück und zurück"
 * 1980: "...und dann ein Lied" (Et on chantait)
 * 1980: "Unsere Hochzeit"
 * 1981: "Du bist wieder da"
 * 1985: "Kapitän, wohin fährt unser Boot"
 * 1986: "Verborgenes Gold"
 * 1988: "Es gibt noch Engel"
 * 1988: "Que sera"
 * 1994: "Nach allem, was war"

 * In Italian

 * 1962: "Perché" / "Cara bambina"
 * 1963: "Sei qui con me" / "Che funerale"
 * 1963: "Perduto amore" / "Gridare il tuo nome"
 * 1964: "Vous permettez, Monsieur ?" / "Non voglio nascondermi"
 * 1964: "Cade la neve" / "Lascia dire"
 * 1965: "Dolce Paola" / "Pazienza"
 * 1965: "La notte" (La Nuit) / "Non sei tu"
 * 1965: "Non mi tenere il broncio" /"Lei"
 * 1966: "Amo" / "Al nostro amore"
 * 1966: "Una ciocca di capelli" / "Se mai"
 * 1966: "Al nostro amore"
 * 1967: "Inch'Allah (se Dio vuole)" / "Insieme"
 * 1967: "Domani sur la luna"
 * 1968: "Affida una lacrima al vento" / "Fermare il tempo"
 * 1968: "La tua storia è una favola" / "Un anno fa"
 * 1968: "Tu somigli all'amore" / "Domani sulla luna"
 * 1969: "Accanto a te l'estate" / "Piangi poeta"
 * 1970: "Felicità" / "Noi"
 * 1971: "Non aver paura" / "Il nostro amore"
 * 1971: "Donna" / "Ma per te lo farei"
 * 1972: "Bocca ciliegia pelle di pesca" / "Per un anno d'amore"
 * 1973: "Donne dell'estate" / "Mi manchi tu"
 * 1974: "E muore un amore" / "Ed ecco che vivo"
 * 1975: "E la mia vita" / "La pace dei campi"
 * 1976: "Un'estate per te" / "Ballo"
 * 1981: "Cara Italia"
 * 1987: "Mare" / "Lontano"

 * In Spanish
 * 1964: "La noche" (La Nuit)
 * 1965: "Permíteme Señor" / "Después"
 * 1966: "Mis Manos en tu Cintura" / "Ella..."
 * 1966: "L'amour e Ressemble" / "Nada Que Hacer"
 * 1967: "Le Neón" / "Marcia Anche Tu"
 * 1968: "Vals de Verano" / "Y Sobre el Mar"
 * 1968: "Inch' Allah" / "Nuestra Novela"
 * 1969: "El Arroyo de mi Infancia" / "Un Año Hará"
 * 1974: "Marie La Mer" / "Sólo Una Mujer"
 * 1975: "Los Campos en Paz" / "Es Mi Vida"

DVDs

 * 2003: Live in Japan 1992
 * 2004: Un soir au Zanzibar (live)
 * 2005: Salvatore Adamo en Chile
 * 2020: En Concert 1976 (live)
 * 2023: Salvatore Adamo : Documents TV (1963-1970)

Publications

 * Salvatore Adamo, Chansons racontées aux enfants (Hachette): 1969
 * Le Charmeur d'Océans (preface by Raymond Devos – éditions Claude de la Lande): 1980
 * Les Mots de l'Ame (éditions Anne Sigier): 1993
 * Le Souvenir du Bonheur Est Encore du Bonheur (éditions Albin Michel): 2001
 * À Ceux Qui Rêvent Encore (éditions Albin Michel): 2001

title: Salvatore Adamo


text:
User:Jondel/Spanish imperialism in Asia

==sum
== After the Portugues landed in Ambon Island in 1513, the Spaniards took control of Ternate and Tidore for a short while. The Spaniards claimed and colonized the Philippine archipelago in 1565 led by the counquistador, Miguel Lopez de Legaspi. Friars with soldiers of fortune established forts, churches and settlements all over the country. Roman Catholicism was introduced. The British East India Company captured Manila for a few years but was eventually returned to Spain. Sporadic rebellions occured all over the country.

In the 19th century, a middle class rose together with intelectuals whose ideas promoted national identity and sentiments towards independence. A revolution broke out on a country wide scale, led by the Katipunan which almost quelled the Spanish.

Asian interaction, Buddhist Kingdoms
Chinese merchants arrived in the 8th century. The rise of powerful Buddhist kingdoms precipitated trade with the Indonesian archipelago, India, Japan and Southeast Asia. Factional fighting among the kingdoms of Southeast Asia weakened their strength and thus, making it easy for foreign influences to take root.

In the meantime, the spread of Islam through commerce and proselytism brought traders and missionaries into the region, much like Christianity was spread; Arabs set foot in Mindanao in the 14th century. When the first Europeans arrived, led by Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan in 1521, there were rajahs as far north as Manila, who historically were tributaries of the kingdoms of Southeast Asia, specifically, the Sri Vishayan Empire. However, the islands were essentially self-sufficient and self-ruling.

Ternate & Tidore
In 1513 the Portuguese landed on Ambon island, whose produce was in great demand. A Portuguese fort and control quickly followed for Ambon, the Uliasser Islands and Banda. The Spaniards took control of Ternate and Tidore. While Roman Catholicism spread quickly among the native population of Ambon, most of the region remained Muslim.

Spanish colonization
The Spanish claimed and colonized the archipelago in 1565 led by the Spanish conquistador, Miguel López de Legaspi who sailed from New Spain (present-day Mexico), arrived and settled in Cebu. Ruy López de Villalobos named the islands of Samar and Leyte Las Islas Filipinas after King Philip II of Spain ; during his failed expedition in 1543. The archipelago was known under various names such as New Castille (Nueva Castilla), Western Islands (Islas del Poniente), the Manilas, the St. Lazarus Islands (Islas de San Lázaro), and others. Ultimately, Filipinas later refered to the entire archipelago.

Augustinian and Franciscan friars marched with Spanish soldiers of fortunes, from island to island establishing forts, searching for golds, spices and preaching Christianity.

Roman Catholicism was immediately introduced and would come to be adopted by the majority of the population, through missionary work, as well as the Laws of the Indies promulgated by King Philip II of Spain. Some resistance came from tribal groups in the highlands and the Muslim separatism, a trend that rages on today. Sporadic rebellions and violence erupted in the coastal populations throughout the next three centuries in response to colonial abuses and lack of reforms. The new territory was ruled from New Spain, and a burgeoning Manila Galleon or Manila-Acapulco galleon trade began in the 16th century.

Spanish challenges
During the colonial period, the natives did not think of themselves as Filipinos. Instead they were referred to as either Indio (lit. Indian; in Spanish synonymous with "indigenous") or the name of their respective ethnolinguistic group. Spanish rule was harsh and this led to several native revolts demanding equal rights. The military and the government would quell uprisings from one region with natives from another in accordance with Roman military principle, Divide et impera. In the story of Diego Silang, for instance, natives from Macabebe and Pampanga were used as soldiers against the rebellion in Ilocos.

Serious challenges to Spanish rule began in 1761 when Spain involved herself in the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) declaring war on Great Britain. In 1762, colonial forces of the British East India Company captured Manila after a fierce struggle. In accordance with the 1763 Treaty of Paris ending the war between Great Britain against Spain and France, The Philippines was returned to Spain. Defeat from the hands of British however, inspired resistance from Filipino rebels such as Diego Silang who in 1762 expelled the Spanish from the coastal city of Vigan.

The Spanish, tied down by fighting with the British and the rebels during the Seven Years War were unable to control the raids of the Moros of the south on the Christian communities of the Visayan Islands and Luzon. Thousands of Christian Filipinos were captured as slaves, and Moro raids continued to be a serious problem through the remainder of the century.

The Chinese community, resentful of Spanish discrimination, for the most part enthusiastically supported the British, providing them with laborers and armed men who fought de Anda in Pampanga.

Rizal, the Propaganda Movement, and the Revolution
The islands' economy began to open up during the 19th century. The rise of an ambitious, more nationalistic Filipino middle class, consisting of educated native Filipinos, Philippine-born Spaniards and creoles, Spanish mestizos and an economically entrenched Chinese mestizo community, signaled the end of complete domination by the Spanish. Enlightened by the Propaganda Movement to the injustices of the Spanish colonial government, they clamored for independence. José Rizal, the most famous propagandist, was arrested and executed in 1896 for acts of subversion. Soon after, the Philippine Revolution broke out, pioneered by the KKK (Kataastaasan at Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan) or Katipunan, a secret revolutionary society founded by Andres Bonifacio and later led by Emilio Aguinaldo. The revolution nearly succeeded in ousting the Spanish by 1898.

U.S. Connection
That same year Spain and the United States fought the Spanish-American War, after which Spain ceded the Philippines, Cuba, Guam, and Puerto Rico to the United States for US $20 million through the Treaty of Paris. The Filipinos had by then declared independence, and this led to the Philippine-American War that officially ended in 1901, though sporadic fighting continued until 1913. The islands were made a U.S. territory with little self-government until 1935, when their status was upgraded to that of a U.S. Commonwealth. It was during the Commonwealth years that the Philippines sent to the United States House of Representatives a non-voting Delegate, much the same as the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands currently do. Independence for the Philippines was finally granted in 1946, after the Japanese had occupied the islands during World War II. The following period was marred by post-war problems; civil unrest during the unpopular dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos, ousted in 1986; and later, the continuing problem of communist insurgency and Muslim separatism.

title: User:Jondel/Spanish imperialism in Asia


text:
Lawsonville, North Carolina

Lawsonville is an unincorporated community in Stokes County, North Carolina, United States, approximately ten miles north-northwest of the county seat of Danbury, on North Carolina State Highway 8.

title: Lawsonville, North Carolina


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Nanaerobe

Nanaerobes are organisms that cannot grow in the presence of micromolar concentrations of oxygen, but can grow with and benefit from the presence of nanomolar concentrations of oxygen (e.g. Bacteroides fragilis). Like other anaerobes, these organisms do not require oxygen for growth. This growth benefit requires the expression of an oxygen respiratory chain that is typically associated with microaerophilic respiration. Recent studies suggest that respiration in low concentrations of oxygen is an ancient process which predates the emergence of oxygenic photosynthesis.

title: Nanaerobe


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Category:Musical compositions completed by others

Compositions left incomplete by the composer, and finished by someone else (usually after the composer's death)


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17th Airlift Squadron

The 17th Airlift Squadron was most recently one of four active duty Boeing C-17A Globemaster III units at Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina. The squadron was first activated during World War II as the 17th Air Corps Ferrying Squadron, redesignating as the 17th Transport Squadron a few months later. Until disbanding in 1943, it transported cargo and ferried aircraft in the Pacific.

The squadron was again activated in 1945 as the 17th Air Transport Squadron in 1954 at Charleston. When Military Air Transport Service became Military Airlift Command, the squadron became the 17th Military Airlift Squadron. The 17th was inactivated in 1969 as the C-124 Globemaster II was retired from active service. The squadron reactivated as a strategic airlift unit in 1987.

World War II
Constituted 17th Air Corps Ferrying Squadron on 18 February 1942. Activated on 27 April 1942 at Hamilton Field, California flying Curtiss C-46 Commando transporters. Redesignated 17th Transport Squadron on 19 March 1943. Disbanded on 31 October 1943.

Cold War strategic airlift
Reconstituted, and redesignated 17th Air Transport Squadron, Medium, on 22 March 1954. Activated on 18 Jul 1954 with Douglas C-54 Skymasters at Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina. It performed worldwide airlift beginning 1954

Redesignated 17th Air Transport Squadron, Heavy, on 18 June 1958 with Douglas C-124 Globemaster IIs; 17th Military Airlift Squadron on 8 Jan 1966. Inactivated on 8 Apr 1969. It flew missions to Southeast Asia, 1964–1969.

Jet airlift
Activated on 1 Aug 1987.

Redesignated 17th Airlift Squadron on 1 Oct 1991, flying C-141s. It supported operations in Panama, 18–29 December 1989, and in Southwest Asia, August 1990 – December 1991 It supported operations in Afghanistan, September 2001 – June 2015 and in Iraq, 2003 – June 2015

It also supported humanitarian missions, including tsunami relief in India and Sri Lanka; Pakistan earthquake relief; Hurricane Katrina relief in United States; and evacuated American Citizens from Lebanon

On 17 January 1995, the 17th Airlift Squadron was declared the first operationally ready C-17 squadron.

The 17th was the first unit to set up forward deployed C-17 operations, at the start of Operation Enduring Freedom.

The 17th Airlift Squadron recently stepped up to the plate once more and created another expeditionary squadron. For the first time, two C-17 squadrons deployed in forward theater locations, supporting Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Enduring Freedom. The 817th area of Responsibility split. On 1 June 2006, the 816th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron was created and launched its first crew 15 minutes later.

Unlike previous C-17 deployments, this one actually had the squadron itself doing all the flying from "an undisclosed location in Southwest Asia." The 17th helped initiate a whole new concept in C-17 operations in that this was the first time that the airframe was employed like traditional intratheater airlift assets such as the C-12, C-20, C-21 or the C-130. However, unlike traditional tactical airlift assets that are under the direct command of the theater commander, the 817th EAS is headquartered out of theater.

The ceremony marking the inactivation of the 17th Airlift Squadron was held on 25 June 2015 at Joint Base Charleston, South Carolina.

Lineage

 * Constituted as the 17th Air Corps Ferrying Squadron on 18 February 1942
 * Activated on 27 April 1942
 * Redesignated 17th Transport Squadron on 19 March 1943
 * Disbanded on 31 October 1943

 * Reconstituted and redesignated 17th Air Transport Squadron, Medium on 22 March 1954
 * Activated on 18 July 1954
 * Redesignated 17th Air Transport Squadron, Heavy on 18 June 1958
 * Redesignated 17th Military Airlift Squadron on 8 January 1966
 * Inactivated on 8 April 1969

 * Activated on 1 August 1987
 * Redesignated 17th Airlift Squadron on 1 October 1991
 * Inactivated c. 25 June 2015

Assignments

 * Army Air Forces Ferrying Command (later Air Transport Command), 27 April 1942
 * 11th Ferrying Group (later 11th Transport Group), 28 July 1942 – 31 October 1943
 * 1608th Air Transport Group, 18 July 1954
 * 1608th Air Transport Wing, 18 January 1963
 * 437th Military Airlift Wing, 8 January 1966 – 8 April 1969
 * 437th Military Airlift Wing, 1 August 1987
 * 437th Operations Group, 1 October 1991 – c. 25 June 2015

Stations

 * Hamilton Field, California, 27 April 1942 – 31 October 1943
 * Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina, 18 July 1954 – 8 April 1969
 * Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina, 1 August 1987 – c. 25 June 2015

Aircraft

 * Curtiss C-46 Commando, 1942–1943
 * Douglas C-47 Skytrain, 1942–1943
 * Douglas C-54 Skymaster, 1954–1958
 * Douglas C-124 Globemaster II, 1958–1969
 * Lockheed C-141 Starlifter, 1987–1993
 * Boeing C-17 Globemaster III, 1993–2015

Decorations
Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards:
 * 1 January 1963 – 1 February 1964
 * 11 July 1966 – 10 July 1967
 * 11 July 1967 – 10 July 1968
 * 11 July 1968 – 8 April 1969
 * 1 July 1988 – 30 June 1989
 * 1 July 1989 – 30 June 1990
 * 21 September 1989 – 31 October 1989

Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm: 1 April 1966 – 8 April 1969

Service Streamers
World War II American Theater

Campaign streamers
Southwest Asia: Defense of Saudi Arabia; Liberation and Defense of Kuwait

Armed Forces Expeditionary Streamers
Panama, 1989–1990

title: 17th Airlift Squadron


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Satellite Business Systems

Satellite Business Systems (SBS) was a company founded by IBM, Aetna, COMSAT (and later wholly purchased by IBM and then subsequently sold to MCI), that provided private professional satellite communications through its SBS fleet of FSS geosynchronous satellites, and was the first company to do so.

SBS was founded on December 15, 1975 by the aforementioned companies with the goal of providing a digital satellite communications network for business and other professional clients.

History
In late 1970, MCI Communications created a subsidiary company named MCI Satellite, Inc. The idea was that satellites could provide 'long distance' service from anywhere to anywhere without having to build thousands of miles of terrestrial network facilities. In early 1971, MCI and Lockheed Missiles and Space Company created a joint venture named MCI Lockheed Satellite Corp. which was the first company to request FCC authorization as a Specialized Common Carrier using satellite based communications. A year later, MCI and Lockheed sought an additional source of funding and Comsat Corp. entered the venture which was renamed CML Satellite Corp. In need of cash, MCI sold its share of the venture to IBM Corporation in 1974 (Lockheed also subsequently sold its share to IBM).

IBM owned one third of the company by 1975. It and Comsat brought in Aetna Insurance Company as a third partner and renamed the company Satellite Business Systems (SBS).

Marketing
The original concept was for a large corporation to install SBS earth stations at each of its major sites. This strategy limited SBS' addressable market to corporations with enough concentrated voice and data traffic to justify the installation of multiple earth stations. Earth stations were generally not shared by SBS customers.

Although the SBS technology provided switched digital, leased digital, switched analog, and leased analog connections between a customer's earth stations, most customers used it mainly for intra-corporate voice calls. Data communications protocols of the period were not efficient over satellite links.

One SBS customer, ISACOMM, extended the business model to smaller corporate customers and provided offnet connectivity as well.

The high initial costs of deploying earth stations, along with the rapid success and expansion of terrestrial competitors like MCI and Sprint, prevented SBS from attaining its commercial targets. Excess transponders on SBS satellites were leased to other companies, and SBS adopted some of ISACOMM's marketing tactics and even pursued the consumer long-distance market on a limited basis.

Technology
SBS' fleet of satellites were the first in orbit to offer transponders in the Ku band, meaning that smaller, less expensive dishes and equipment could be used to receive and transmit to the satellites, making SBS' satellite system attractive for business customers. This was opposed to then-current satellites using the C band of RF spectrum, requiring a larger (and more costly) dish 8 feet (and up) in size. However, Ku signals suffered more from rain fade.

The SBS earth station was designed by IBM. It consisted of a highly modified IBM 1800 and a TDMA modem. All earth stations were managed from the SBS central network operations facility located in McLean, VA, which was also the headquarters location for the corporation.

Historical Note
The first use of the NASA Shuttle for commercial purposes was the deployment of the SBS 3 satellite in November, 1982 from STS-5. SBS engineers designed the cradle that sat in the cargo bay of the shuttle and spun up to 50 RPM, then ejected the spinning satellite with the use of explosive bolts.

SBS satellites in orbit
Through its existence as a company, SBS had six satellites in orbit:

SBS 1-5 were built by Hughes using the HS-376 platform. SBS-6 used the HS-393 platform.

SBS 1-6 are no longer in service and have been placed in graveyard orbits. SBS-6 was the last SBS satellite in operation at 74 degrees west longitude. It was decommissioned in July 2007 and replaced by Intelsat Galaxy 17.

The end of SBS
In July 1984, Comsat left SBS, and exactly a year later, Satellite Business Systems was sold to MCI. MCI migrated the voice and data traffic of most SBS customers to its terrestrial network. During the sale of SBS to MCI, four satellites (SBS 1-4) were then in orbit.

In 1987, SBS' fleet was sold off. SBS 1 and 2 were sold to Comsat, SBS 3 remained with MCI, and SBS 4 was sold to IBM's Satellite Transponder Leasing Corporation (STLC) together with the SBS 5 and 6 satellites, which were then still on the ground.

In April 1990, Hughes Communications Inc (HCI), a subsidiary of Hughes Aircraft (who built the satellites) bought STLC from IBM. Sometime later (possibly around 1992) SBS 3 was sold to Comsat. Comsat was later bought by Lockheed Martin.

Due to the divestiture of its fleet (to MCI & HCI, and to Comsat and IBM as well, the former founders of SBS), SBS no longer exists as an entity, with the last satellite left of its fleet, SBS 6, being decommissioned in July 2007 and last being owned by Intelsat.

title: Satellite Business Systems


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The Warriors (video game)

The Warriors is a 2005 beat 'em up video game based on the 1979 film of the same name (itself based on Sol Yurick's 1965 novel), developed by Rockstar Toronto and published by Rockstar Games. It was released in October 2005 for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox, and February 2007 for the PlayStation Portable; the PSP port was developed by Rockstar Leeds. The game was re-released on the PlayStation 3 in May 2013 and PlayStation 4 in July 2016, via the PlayStation Network. Set in gritty 1970s New York City, the story follows the eponymous street gang, who are framed for the murder of a respected gang leader and must return to their home turf in Coney Island while being hunted by rival gangs and the police. The game expands on the film's plot, with the first half covering events that took place three months before the events of the film.

The gameplay revolves around large scale brawling in 3D environments interspersed with other activities such as chase sequences. The game features songs from the film's soundtrack; however, as of 2016, some of them have been removed from the PS3 and PS4 versions, including "I Love Livin' in the City" and "In the City", due to licensing restrictions. Several cast members from the film returned to voice their characters in the game. Following its release, The Warriors received very positive reviews, with critics praising its controls, design, sound, music, and plot; many deemed the game to be a worthy adaptation of the film.

Gameplay
The Warriors is an action-adventure survival game with a heavy focus on melee combat (specifically brawling). Other minor gameplay elements are mixed into the experience, such as the ability to use spray paint to mark turf or insult people. The game features multiple playable characters, including the Warriors' Warchief (leader) Cleon, lieutenant Swan, heavy muscles Ajax and Snow, Cleon and Swan's friends Vermin and Cowboy, the scout Fox, Harlem native Cochise, and graffiti artist Rembrandt. The player can control only one character per mission, while the others are computer-controlled. Cleon, Swan, Ajax, and Rembrandt are the most heavily featured characters. Most missions revolve around the Warriors attacking rival gangs' territory, though there are five bonus "flashback" missions that explain how certain members joined the gang; all gangs, save for the Destroyers, are taken from the film, even though they were only mentioned or briefly featured in the film itself, such as the Electric Eliminators, the Panzers and the Van Cortlandt Rangers. An arcade game called Armies of the Night (heavily based on Double Dragon) is unlocked after the main storyline of the game is completed. The playable characters are Swan and Ajax.

The Warriors' headquarters serves as a hub. From inside, the player can train (10 ranks of physical fitness such as, sit-ups, press ups, chin ups, and heavy bag, that increase stamina), talk to fellow gang members, play through rumble mode and other bonus material, walk outside to Coney Island for extra missions, or begin the next level of the story proper. The player is presented with mission objectives such as beating up a certain number of enemy gang members or stealing a certain amount of items, with more complex and creative tasks like winning a graffiti competition in SoHo, stealing goods to plant on crooked cops and rival gang members, and wild chases away from baseball bat wielding members of the Baseball Furies. Fighting takes the form of gang rumble style action with the player being assisted by other Warriors at the same time (a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 8). Combos are performed with 2-3 button chains for weak attacks, strong attacks, holds and throws. Grab attacks can be used for the playable character to perform their own unique power attack that will quickly decrease the enemy's health. The game sees the Warriors fight their way through the ranks, building a heavy rep and getting their colors out in force, until they get an invite to a meeting of all of the gangs of New York City, which is where the events of the film (and the last few missions of the game) begin.

The game progresses linearly from one mission event to the next, usually presented as a cutscene. Combat in The Warriors occurs in real-time and involves pressing buttons to initiate attacks by the on-screen character. By pausing the game, the player can find combat techniques―2-3 combos, wall smash, grab and throws, charges, body cross attack, snap attacks, weapon attacks, and counter-attacks. The player can look at the character's stats. This menu is manipulated by using the right analog stick, while movement is controlled in the 3D environment using the joystick, and camera controls are managed using the up arrow on the digital pad and the analog joystick, allowing the player to navigate the menu while avoiding or approaching enemies. In addition, players can choose to mug people, receiving money, flash, and spray graffiti. Each level contains items the player can collect or steal, such as car radios and jewelry. Completing these actions earn the player points, which count towards unlocking soldiers, arenas and game modes for Rumble Mode, the game's free-for-all multiplayer mode.

The playable character has a bar below their feet to determine their health level, reducing whenever the character takes damage, although it can be replenished by using flash. The circular grey bar inside the health bar represents the player's grappling stamina, draining upon grabbing or mounting an opponent. The top-left hand side represents the character rage meter, which, when filled, allows the player to pull off a variety of combos and styles. In rage, the player will become temporarily invincible, using finishing moves and inflicting serious damage on the opponent. The player's allies, if they are knocked out, the player can use flash to replenish their health. However, if the playable character loses all of their health, the mission ends and the player will be prompted to resume from the checkpoint or restart the mission from the beginning. Defeating enemies will cause items to fall from their bodies; flash to restore health; spray to spray over enemy gang territories; and money which can be used to purchase items from dealers.

Character development
The player can choose to help other people in Coney Island. In return for helping these people, the Warriors will learn abilities, such as defeating policemen to receive cuffs to subdue and arrest anybody, cuff-keys that will allow the player to free Warriors with keys instead of breaking cuffs, escape from cuffs themselves with cuff-keys, increase flash capacity, and earn brass knuckles and steel-toed boots to inflict more damage to the enemy. The player can choose to have the Warriors exercise in the headquarters to increase stamina.

Setting
During The Warriors, there are a collection of levels, referred to as missions, which the player must progress through. Eighteen can be accessed, along with five more bonus missions, known as "Flashbacks", which show how the Warriors were formed, and how each member of the Warriors came to join the gang, and to unlock an arcade machine that will allow you to play Armies of the Night. The setting in the game for the Warriors is their home territory, Coney Island. Throughout the game, the player travels to other areas of New York City visiting other gangs' territories in the process. Completing the missions allows the player to replay levels, to improve on the player's score, and unlock new characters, and a game mode called "Unleash the Fury", where the Baseball Furies are controlled, though it serves as the hardest difficulty setting.

The design and casting of the characters was faithful to what was seen in The Warriors. Each character is portrayed as their respective role from the film ― Cyrus, the Riffs leader, inhabits Gramercy Park. Luther, the Rogues leader, is based out of his hearse. The Baseball Furies' territory is Riverside Park, the Lizzies' their apartment, with other smaller gangs based around the city. When starting a mission, the Warriors will occasionally stay at their home turf or travel to another place via train to use as a starting point.

Missions and events normally begin at the Coney Island headquarters, which is mostly used as a launching point throughout the game. The player can travel to places across New York City, including Tremont where the Warriors encounters the Orphans, a low-class gang, and Riverside Park which is run by the Baseball Furies, a well-respected gang. The main players travel from one turf to another across New York, to let the public radio station know there is a new gang in town. This sometimes results in the Warriors brawling with the rival gangs. The Warriors' hangout features mini-games such as a weight section and a punching bag, and a machine resembling a pinball table that gives access to the "Rumble Mode" which upon completion of missions, unlocks special stages where the player can fight all of the gangs in New York City.

Characters
The primary protagonist is Cleon, the Warriors' leader in the first two-thirds of the game until after the meeting. Cleon's role was to increase the Warriors' reputation and rid Coney Island of the Destroyers. The major protagonist is Swan, the second-in-command throughout most of the game, covering the film itself. Swan's role was to bring the Warriors back to Coney Island from the meeting where they were set up as the murderers of Cyrus. The other Warriors feature an important role with each Warrior having a role, like the heavy muscles Ajax and Snow, Vermin is the bread man, which means he is the one who carries the money, Cowboy keeps track of the Warriors' inventory, although this is only mentioned in the film. Fox is the scout who goes ahead of the Warriors, warning them if trouble is ahead, Harlem native Cochise is the watchman who watches their back when walking in a group, and Rembrandt is the Warriors' graffiti artist.

Cyrus, leader of the Grameracy Riffs appears in the game as he does in the film with more screentime as he sets the meeting in motion before the events of the movie as does his lieutenant, Masai. Mercy serves as Swan's love interest in the final part of The Warriors. The primary antagonist is Luther, the Rogues' leader, responsible for Cyrus' murder and framing the Warriors for the crime. Virgil, leader of the Destroyers, serves as an antagonist during the first half of the game and a rival and former best friends of Cleon and Vermin after betraying them. Other antagonists include Chatterbox, leader of the Hi-Hats a mime gang who attempted to kill the Warriors on two occasions and Sully, leader of the Orphans who falsely claimed their assault on the Warriors for reputation boost. Gang members like the Baseball Furies, the Turnbull AC'S, the Lizzies, and the Punks from their role in the movie appear in the game keeping their roles intact. The Warriors will encounter other gangs of New York City, which during battles and encounters with enemies, other Warrior members will assist the player in various situations.

Other areas contain other gangs of New York City, which the player must defeat in a battle. On one occasion, gang members tend to be scouts that appear in orange dots on the radar in different areas and spaces. Upon being spotted by the gang member, the scout will call for backup, and the orange circles up the radar ― the player can then choose either to attack or stealth kill the scout. Policemen will appear as blue dots on the radar; if the player commits a crime, the blue circles up the radar, the blue dots will flash and the crime that is committed will appear on the middle screen, prompting the officers to chase and attempt to handcuff the player― the player can also assault the officers or sneak into a hide area if no-one can see the player at the time. Civilians in local places will rat the player out to a gang member or the police when committing a crime that disturbs their inhabitants.

Throughout the Warriors endeavours, they will be aided by Flash, Spray, and Knife dealers, to help them out ― Flash dealers are there to supply the player with flash, a street drug that restores health, which costs 20 dollars, Spray dealers supply the player with spray paint, which costs 5 dollars, while Knife Dealers supply the player with knives, which cost 50 dollars. However, some of the dealers tend to defraud the player and make a run for it, but the player can chase them down to recover their money. However, if the player chooses to attack the dealers, they will either retaliate or run, though they will respawn. In "Rumble Mode", playable characters can also be other gangs that have been unlocked in the game, to compete against other gangs in a match of one's choosing.

Plot
The game, like the film, follows the Warriors, a Coney Island-based street gang led by Cleon. Three months prior to the events of the film, the Warriors dispose their long time rivals, the Destroyers, after defeating their leader Virgil, who is a former friend of Cleon. Their reputation increases over time as they humiliate a low-ranking gang, the Orphans; kill the Hi-Hats' leader, Chatterbox; spray paint trains; and ally themselves with the Saracens, whom they help set up their rivals, the Jones Street Boys, and a group of corrupt NYPD officers.

The game eventually catches up to the events of the film, when Cyrus, leader of the Gramercy Riffs, the most powerful gang in New York City, calls a meeting with all gangs in Van Cortlandt Park to propose a permanent citywide truce that would allow the gangs to control the city. Everyone opens to Cyrus' idea except Luther, leader of the Rogues, who shoots Cyrus dead, just as the police raid the meeting. In the ensuing chaos, Luther frames Cleon for the murder, resulting in the Riffs seemingly beating him to death. Swan, the Warriors' "warchief", assumes leadership of the gang as they try to make their way home, unaware they have been framed for Cyrus' murder, while the Riffs call a hit on them through a radio DJ.

The Turnbull AC fail to kill the Warriors as they board a train en route to Coney Island, only for the train to be stopped by a fire on the tracks at Tremont. While continuing their journey on foot, the Warriors re-encounter the Orphans, who hold a grudge against the Warriors after being humiliated by them. Swan parleys and calls a truce with the Orphans' leader, Sully, and the Warriors are allowed to walk through the Orphans territory unharmed. However, Sully's partner Mercy mocks him, causing him to change his mind and order his men to attack the gang. During the fight, the Warriors use a Molotov cocktail, blowing up Sully's car; impressed, Mercy joins the Warriors. The gang arrives on the 96th Street and Broadway in Manhattan, where they are chased by the police and separated. Three Warriors – Rembrandt, Vermin, and Cochise – escape via train and Mercy runs away on foot, while Fox, wrestling with a police officer, falls onto the tracks and is fatally hit by a passing train.

Swan and the remaining Warriors – Snow, Ajax, and Cowboy – are chased into Riverside Park by the Baseball Furies, where they defeat them. Afterward, Ajax notices a lone woman in the park and leaves the group to stay with her despite Swan's objections. When Ajax becomes sexually aggressive, the woman, revealed to be an undercover police officer, handcuffs him to the bench and arrests him. Arriving at Union Square, Rembrandt, Vermin, and Cochise are seduced by an all-female gang, the Lizzies, and invited into their warehouse, but escape when it's revealed to be a trap, learning the truth, everyone believes they murdered Cyrus. Meanwhile, Swan returns to 96th Street station and finds Mercy. The pair travel to Union Square on foot while forming a close bond and being stalked by the Punks, whom they eventually defeat upon reuniting with the other Warriors. Meanwhile, a gang member informs the Riffs that Luther framed the Warriors for killing Cyrus.

The Warriors finally arrive at Coney Island, only to find the Rogues waiting for them. Luther admits to murdering Cyrus for no particular reason, and challenges Swan to a one-on-one fight, before pulling out a gun. Swan dodges his shot and throws a switchblade at his hand, disarming him. The Riffs then arrive to deal with the Rogues, and acknowledge the Warriors' courage before they leave. The radio DJ announces the hit on the Warriors has been called off and salutes them with a song―"In The City". The game ends with the Warriors walking down the beach, finally safe and home.

Development
Rockstar Games began working on The Warriors in 2002. The PlayStation 2 and Xbox versions of the game were developed by Rockstar Toronto, who were previously known as Rockstar Canada. Promotion of the game was aided by its appearance at E3 2005. The game was later ported to the PlayStation Portable platform, and developed by Rockstar Leeds. This was first announced in October 2006, and Rockstar Leeds worked with original developers Rockstar Toronto in order to make the port easier. A spokesperson had said "We have worked closely with Rockstar Toronto to maintain the extremely high standards they've set for this game," said Gordon Hall, President of Rockstar Leeds. "The PSP system allows us to deliver the experience in an entirely different way, while staying very faithful to the original source material and maintaining the high standards we set for ourselves as a developer."

Promotion
The Warriors then began to look a lot like several of Rockstar's other projects such as Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, Manhunt, and Red Dead Revolver. The look and presentation are definitely familiar, despite coming from different production houses, each developer shares their toolsets and proprietary technologies with each other on a consistent basis A combination of the company's biggest hits like State of Emergency and Manhunt, The Warriors successfully mixed multi-character co-op brawling with stealth action. Just as was the case on PlayStation 2, if there is anything that positively sticks out regarding how The Warriors plays, it's the surprising depth of its characters. All nine playable fighters, while similar, have their own unique selection of moves and strengths and offer slightly different takes on the same concept. Due to the PlayStation Portable being a handheld platform, differences to gameplay came about as a result of the port, such as the control configuration receiving a drastic change.

Audio
During the review, a spokesman had stated "the audio, on the other hand, is on the other side of the scale". Many of the original actors from the film have returned to voice their characters—at least, most of the ones that are "still alive". Michael Beck, James Remar, and Dorsey Wright once again were praised in their excellent performances (despite sounding quite a bit older than the 20-something characters they play), and the remaining voice cast delivers, too. The spokesman further explains "it helps that the dialogue is well written, but there's hardly a bad voice actor in the bunch; the one weird thing about the voice work, though, is that a lot of it is made up of lines directly from the film." Some claim, however, that Rockstar may have been better off sometimes lifting audio from the original film. Some felt, alongside this, that while the audio being similar throughout the game is a benefit, it could be argued that the lines from the movie were better delivered. However, this did not have much of an effect, as many agree that the game's audio is well made. As the spokesperson further explained he said: "To begin with the voice acting for all characters in the game is very, very good. From all the main characters to plain NPCs, each and everyone is done amazingly. On the subject of sound effects in the game it's also very good. Every little thing makes a sound and does it well."

Voice cast
The Warriors features voice actors for both the 1979 film and the game versions. The film and game version cast Michael Beck as Swan, the protagonist of The Warriors. Other notable voice actors included returning actors, James Remar as Ajax, Deborah Van Valkenburgh as Mercy, Dorsey Wright as Cleon, Thomas G. Waites as Fox, and David Harris as Cochise. A special effort was made to preserve the official voice actors of characters from The Warriors movie used in the game itself.

While the movie version featured David Patrick Kelly as Luther, Roger Hill as Cyrus, and Marcelino Sánchez as Rembrandt, the game version featured Oliver Wyman as Luther, Andy Senor as Rembrandt, Joe Lo Truglio as Vermin, Michael Potts as Cyrus, and Kurt Bauccio as Cowboy. Supporting characters were voiced by voice actors including Darryl McDaniels and Jordan Gelber.

Reception
Upon its release, The Warriors received critical acclaim from critics. Many praised the game for its deep combat and control, stating that the game helped breathe life into the brawler genre. The game was also praised for its unique seedy underbelly style, along with its story and music. Critics praised the audio as it "really shines above all else", with a replicated soundtrack and absolutely superb voice acting by many of the original actors who starred in the film. Rockstar Toronto has gained the most media coverage for its development of The Warriors, which overall received positive reviews, and made about $37 million worldwide. "Like the best of Rockstar's games, 'The Warriors' immerses you in a world that feels at once authentic and highly stylized, and it might just be the best game adaptation of a film ever in terms of capturing the mood of the original movie." 1UP.com admitted: "As fanservice, The Warriors is a treat for anyone who loves the movie, and as a beat-em-up, it outclasses recent efforts from competitors. Yet as a complete package, it's somewhat inconsistent. But with bonus missions, multiplayer rumbles, and a very fun 2-player co-op mode...we can most definitely dig it". The Warriors received a score of 7.4 for the design, the story received 8.5, while the gameplay received 7.9.

Game Informer praised the feel and style of the game, stating: "The Warriors immerses you in a world that feels at once authentic and highly stylized, and it might just be the best game adaptation of a film ever in terms of capturing the mood of the original movie. Fans will notice that all of the iconic scenes of the film are recreated almost shot for shot. In addition, Rockstar Toronto has gone to the trouble of creating a completely new storyline that shows players how the Warriors came together, and the events leading up to the start of the film." The reviewer went on to applaud the developers, saying they: "Tried to stretch the conventional formula for what's considered a 'brawler'. Unlike most of the genre, where you walk down single-path alleyways, The Warriors, taking cues from other popular Rockstar titles, creates the illusion that you're in a real, living city.

"Although, sizewise, the levels are much closer to Manhunt than Grand Theft Auto, there are areas to explore both on the ground and vertically, hidden items, amazing unlockables, and numerous side missions. They've also tried to expand the gameplay to incorporate more than just fisticuffs. You can engage in all sorts of petty crime, including muggings, stealing car stereos, lockpicking, and tagging graffiti. Throw in a little more variety in the form of some cool chase and stealth sequences, and you've got something more than a typical brawler."

As Game Informer further explained, they stated: "The fighting engine itself is fairly deep, allowing you to pull off some very brutal moves with a modicum of button presses (including some cool co-op maneuvers). You'll definitely feel cool kicking ass as a Warrior, whether hand-to-hand or with any of the numerous weapons. However, I found the feel of the combat to be sluggish and chaotic at times, especially when fighting large numbers of enemies." He recommended that "turning on the option that makes it stay in split-screen, but even that is hampered by your very narrow field of vision." Critics enjoyed the graffiti writing, which is done through an "ingenious mechanic". He stated "Although it's certainly not a masterpiece, The Warriors gets by on style, flair, variety, and simple fun. The gameplay – while still enjoyable – isn't nearly as polished as it could be, the story and the appeal of the world that The Warriors recreates will be enough to pull you through to the end."

During the 9th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, The Warriors received a nomination for "Outstanding Achievement in Soundtrack".

Lawsuit
In 2006, Roger Hill, who played Cyrus in the movie, filed a lawsuit of US$250,000 ($ when adjusted for inflation) against Take-Two for using his voice and depiction in the game without his permission. He claimed that it would not have been difficult for Take-Two to pay, since the game made $37 million ($ when adjusted for inflation).

Cancelled sequel and other games
A spiritual sequel was planned by Rockstar Games, which was to be unrelated to The Warriors. The game was to be titled We Are the Mods and was to be set in 1960s England during the mods and rockers brawls. However, later in 2009, an arcade game was released entitled The Warriors: Street Brawl, which is a beat 'em up scroller video game created by CXTM and released on Xbox Live Arcade.

Legacy
The Warriors is featured in the book 1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die.

title: The Warriors (video game)


text:
Rabbah bar Nahmani

Rabbah bar Naḥmani (died c. 320 CE) was a Jewish Talmudist known throughout the Talmud simply as Rabbah. He was a third-generation amora who lived in Sassanian Babylonia.

Biography
Rabbah was a kohen descended from Eli the Shofet (שׁוֹפֵט). He was a student of Rav Huna at Sura and of Judah bar Ezekiel at Pumbedita and Huna seldom decided a question of importance without consulting him.

His brethren in the Talmudic academies in Syria Palaestina were not pleased with his residence in Asoristan and wrote to him to come to Palestine, where he would find a teacher in Johanan bar Nappaha, since it would be far better for him to have a guide than to rely on himself in his studies. However, Rabbah never left Babylonia.

Upon the death of Judah bar Ezekiel, Rabbah succeeded asrēš məṯiḇtā "head of the academy" of Pumbedita and held the post until his death 22 years later. He is also said to have lived in poverty, but little else is known about his private life. Rabbah was hated by residents of the city of Pumbedita for his criticism of their practice of fraud, but loved by his students.

The academy achieved its height under his leadership and he attracted many new students to the academy. He initiated the Kallah, biannual month-long study gatherings, leading to the students being absent at the time of tax collections. The Sasanian emperor sent bailiffs to seize him; he fled from city to city and finally into a marsh, where his body was found in a thicket. During the Kallah months, he is said to have attracted as many as 12,000 students.

According to Sherira ben Hanina, he was denounced to the emperor for causing twelve thousand men to be idle during the month of Elul in summer and the month of Adar in winter. The Talmud records that after his death, he was eulogized for seven days.

Rabbah's nephew was the great scholar Abaye (280–340), an orphan who he raised. He was succeeded by his son, who as also named Rabbah. Both Rabbah and Abaye were destined to die in the prime of their lives as they were descendants of Eli the Shofet, who was cursed that his descendants would die young. However, because Rabbah studied Torah, he merited to live to the age of 40, whereas Abaye, who studied Torah and performed extra acts of kindness, lived to the age of 60.

Teaching
He was a great scholar, renowned for his abilities to argue texts, resolve contradictions, and find applications, which gave him the nickname "uprooter of mountains" (עוקר הרים ʿôqer hārîm), as his studies exhibit the power of one who picks up mountains and grinds them against each other. He was also an exceptional teacher. He used to start every lecture with a joke or funny anecdote to get his students in a good mood. He would test the judgment of his audience, implying a mistaken halakha and waiting for his students to find the mistake.

Only about ten of Rabbah's aggadic teachings are recorded; He seem to have concentrated his attention on halakhah, which he endeavored to elucidate by interpreting the mishnaic decisions and the baraitot, and by determining the fundamental reasons for the various Torah and rabbinical laws and explaining the apparent contradictions contained in them. He often asks: "Why did the Torah command this?" "Why did the sages forbid this?" He did not confine his interest to the practical laws of the Mishnah, however, like his teacher Judah bar Ezekiel, but studied all six mishnaic orders, and was the leading authority in the obscure subjects of nega'im and taharot.

He was not the author of Genesis Rabbah or the other midrashic works whose names end in "Rabbah". Genesis Rabbah is named after Hoshayah Rabbah, and the others are named after Genesis Rabbah.

title: Rabbah bar Nahmani