text:
User talk:Litefoot

I noticed a couple of articles you submitted appear to be copied directly from other websites. You probably ought to read Copyrights. Tedious though it sometimes is, we have to write original material for wikipedia ;) --Tim Pope 21:52, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Response
I assure you, I did not intentionally copy anything from other sites. If there are similarities, then that is a coincidence. Sorry anyway, and if you tell me what it is I'm supposed to have copied, I'll rewrite those pages.

Peter Barkworth
Great ;) --TimPope 22:06, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Haleandpace.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Haleandpace.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag, so its copyright status is therefore unclear. Please add a tag to let us know its copyright status. (If you created/took the picture then you can use to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use  .)  If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know on the image description page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Otherwise, see Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use. Thanks so much. --Smiker 11:16, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

Avenger actors article
No offense, but I'm going to speedy delete the article you created called Avengers actors on the basis that there is already "Category:Avengers actors" that covers this topic. 23skidoo 14:12, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I didn't realize the category was yours, too. Good idea. 23skidoo 20:11, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Writers and novelists
I think we should discuss this - right now, there's a huge overlap between writers and novelists. I think we should limit writers to those who have written television shows and non-novel media. Or else, novelists becomes a useless subcategory. Hence, Dale Smith or Darville-Evans would not count under both "writers" and "novelists", but Mark Gatiss and Marc Platt would. That would cut down on the redundancy severely. --khaosworks (talk • contribs) 12:13, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Let's take it one step at a time. First let's sort out novelists and writers, then see what's left. Eventually, it might be useful to split into audio writers and television writers, but let's see how that first culling goes. --khaosworks (talk • contribs) 12:34, 10 December 2005 (UTC)

Categories
Some categories you created e.g. Category: Avengers actors have been nominated for deletion at Categories for deletion. You should make your opinion known there if you would like to keep those categories. Thanks, --TimPope 23:31, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

Spoiler warnings
Just to note that the standard layout so far has been to put the spoiler warning before the picture tag, because sometimes the picture can be a spoiler. They should be re-placed when the plot summaries are fully fleshed out. --khaosworks (talk • contribs) 09:00, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

Plot summaries
Great work on the plot summaries. Just a heads up - I'm going to be restarting working my way through the Baker era chronologically and expanding the summaries I come across to the episode-by-episode detail (you can see what I've done up to The Android Invasion so far... The Brain of Morbius will be my next one). I may have to rewrite/expand some of yours a bit when I get round to it, so I hope you don't mind. --khaosworks (talk • contribs) 17:00, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Length-wise, I try (as far as possible) to keep to a limit of about four or five page downs for a four-episode serial, for readability purposes. What you're doing is just fine, though. --khaosworks (talk • contribs) 17:28, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Merging
When making a major edit such as merging one article into another, that is the time when an edit summary is required. --TimPope 17:51, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

Marco Polo
Just read the Marco Polo plot, and I am extremely impressed. Very well done indeed. NP Chilla 16:28, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:CMedici.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:CMedici.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me or ask for help at Wikipedia talk:Image copyright tags. Thank you. -- Carnildo 13:03, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

Category:Actors and actresses appearing on CSI
A television related category similar to ones you have created, Category:Actors and actresses appearing on CSI, was nominated for renaming. The debate ended with a consensus to delete the category. I raised the matter on Deletion review as the category was never tagged for deletion. It would be good to get opinions from people actually interested in television shows. Tim! 14:04, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Miloclancey.jpg
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If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. 82.83.96.38 12:34, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Miloclancey.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Miloclancey.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me, or ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. 82.83.96.38 12:34, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Image:Vargaplant.jpg
There is no way that Image:Vargaplant.jpg can be a screenshot from a Doctor Who episode as none of the episodes it appeared in are known to exist any more. Therefore could you be a bit more specific with your copyright tag? (go to Image copyright tags for a full list]] --Jawr256 07:24, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

The Sensorites
There is some discussion at the wikiproject talk page about the plot synopsis which I think is one you wrote. I personally preferred the version you wrote is it flowed quite well compare to what is now written. I am not too bothered abou the whole division of episodes business, and think it should be left up to the editors who write synopses how they want to divide up the text. Tim! 17:23, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

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Fair use rationale for Image:Hartcons.jpg
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Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Litefoot! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 2 of the articles that you created  are tagged as Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to insure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring these articles up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 21:12, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Glen Murphy -
 * 2) Andrew Burt -

Orphaned non-free image File:Planet of Giants.jpg
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Speedy deletion nomination of Christopher Bailey

A tag has been placed on Christopher Bailey, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Organizations for more information.

If you think that the page was nominated in error, contest the nomination by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion" in the speedy deletion tag. Doing so will take you to the talk page where you can explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but do not hesitate to add information that is consistent with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. -- Alan Liefting (talk - contribs) 05:04, 19 December 2012 (UTC)

Someone else nominated this, but didn't alert you.
. 41.132.48.255 (talk) 05:58, 31 March 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:06, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Rachel Bell

The article Rachel Bell has been proposed for deletion because it appears to have no references. Under Wikipedia policy, this biography of a living person will be deleted after seven days unless it has at least one reference to a reliable source that directly supports material in the article.

If you created the article, please don't be offended. Instead, consider improving the article. For help on inserting references, see Referencing for beginners, or ask at the help desk. Once you have provided at least one reliable source, you may remove the prod blp/dated tag. Please do not remove the tag unless the article is sourced. If you cannot provide such a source within seven days, the article may be deleted, but you can when you are ready to add one. » Shadowowl  |  talk  18:50, 7 September 2018 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Rachel Bell

The article Rachel Bell has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "BLP : Only source is IMDB which is unreliable"

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Proposed deletion of Mary Ridge

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Proposed deletion of Arthur Cox (actor)

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Nomination of Lennie Mayne for deletion
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Orphaned non-free image File:Omega as Doctor.jpg
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Nomination of Mary Ridge for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Mary Ridge is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Mary Ridge until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished.  Dr vulpes  (💬 • 📝) 20:07, 24 September 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Litefoot


text:
Princess Mother Memorial Park

The Princess Mother Memorial Park (อุทยานเฉลิมพระเกียรติสมเด็จพระศรีนครินทราบรมราชชนนี, often shortened to สวนสมเด็จย่าฯ, Suan Somdet Ya, ) is a park in Bangkok, Thailand. It was established in 1993, and opened on January 21, 1997, by King Bhumibol Adulyadej, in remembrance of his mother, Srinagarindra, the Princess Mother.

The park contains gardens and a reproduction of the royal mother's childhood home, as well as two exhibition halls showing memorabilia of the princess and the royal family and a pavilion with a statue of the princess. There is also a souvenir shop which sells items from charitable foundations and social welfare organisations which used to be under her patronage; the profits go to help the poor and the destitute.

The park is in Khlong San District, close to the banks of the Chao Phraya River, near the south end of Phra Pok Klao Bridge, on Soi Somdet Chao Phraya 3, next to the Gong Wu Shrine.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Princess Mother Memorial Park


text:
Talk:Spinning (cycling)

If memory serves, there are downhills. Low resistance and fast pedalling. --Dhodges 21:53, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Fair enough! My instructors call those "flats" but YMMV. :-) FreplySpang (talk) 21:56, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

No, No, You can't get flats in spinning class -there's no air in the tires.:-) Actually I was just about to do some actual research. see third para from bottom.

 * Oh, a website. For a moment I thought you meant you were on your way to the gym! FreplySpang (talk) 20:47, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

2nd para
"Sometimes a spinner can go into anaerobic activity." Could this be clarified or expanded? As it stands it sounds like this is a bad thing on par with possible injuries. -Dhodges 14:59, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Now it's the 4th para - as the 2nd para it broke up the "Spinning is... It is also known as indoor cycling." (It's okay with me if someone wants to move the trademark stuff out of the lead position, though.) I've expanded slightly, hope it helps. A random thought: depending on your training program, going anaerobic could be undesirable. Some coaches talk about the "gray zone" around the aerobic threshhold, where you're working too hard to stay aerobic, but not hard enough to increase your lactic tolerance. The result is that you get more tired, and increase your risk of injury, without added benefit. Maybe that's what the contributor who added the bit about anaerobic activity was thinking of? FreplySpang (talk) 15:12, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spinning (cycling)


text:
Social marketing

Social marketing is a marketing approach which focuses on influencing behavior with the primary goal of achieving "common good". It utilizes the elements of commercial marketing and applies them to social concepts. However, to see social marketing as only the use of standard commercial marketing practices to achieve non-commercial goals is an oversimplified view. Social marketing has existed for some time, but has only started becoming a common term in recent decades. It was originally done using newspapers and billboards and has adapted to the modern world in many of the same ways commercial marketing has. The most common use of social marketing in today's society is through social media.

Traditional commercial marketing aims are primarily financial, though they can have positive social effects as well. In the context of public health, social marketing would promote general health, raise awareness and induce changes in behavior.

Social marketing is described as having "two parents". The "social parent" uses social science and social policy approaches. The "marketing parent" uses commercial and public sector marketing approaches. Social marketing has started to encompass a broader range of focus in recent years and now goes beyond influencing individual behavior. It promotes socio-cultural and structural change relevant to social issues. Consequently, social marketing scholars are beginning to advocate for a broader definition of social marketing: "social marketing is the application of marketing principles to enable individual and collective ideas and actions in the pursuit of effective, efficient, equitable, fair and sustained social transformation". The new emphasis gives equal weight to the effects (efficiency and effectiveness) and the process (equity, fairness and sustainability) of social marketing programs. Together with a new social marketing definition that focuses on social transformation, there is also an argument that "a systems approach is needed if social marketing is to address the increasingly complex and dynamic social issues facing contemporary societies"

Applications
The first documented evidence of the deliberate use of marketing to address a social issue comes from a 1963 reproductive health program led by K. T. Chandy at the Indian Institute of Management in Calcutta, India. K.T. Chandy and colleagues proposed, and subsequently implemented, a national family planning program with high quality, government brand condoms distributed and sold throughout the country at a low cost. The program included an integrated consumer marketing campaign run with active point of sale promotion. Retailers were trained to sell the product aggressively, and a new organization was created to implement the program. In developing countries, the use of social marketing expanded to include HIV prevention, control of childhood diarrhea (through the use of oral re-hydration therapies), malaria control and treatment, point-of-use water treatment, on-site sanitation methods and the provision of basic health services.

Health promotion campaigns began applying social marketing in practice in the 1980s. In the United States, The National High Blood Pressure Education Program and the community heart disease prevention studies in Pawtucket, Rhode Island and at Stanford University demonstrated the effectiveness of the approach to address population-based risk factor behaviour change. Notable early developments also took place in Australia. These included the Victoria Cancer Council developing its anti-tobacco campaigns "Quit" (1988) and "SunSmart" (1988), and its campaign against skin cancer, which had the slogan "Slip! Slop! Slap!".

Since the 1980s, the field has rapidly expanded around the world to include active living communities, disaster preparedness and response, ecosystem and species conservation, environmental issues, development of volunteer or indigenous workforces, financial literacy, global threats of antibiotic resistance, government corruption, improving the quality of health care, injury prevention, landowner education, marine conservation and ocean sustainability, patient-centered health care, reducing health disparities, sustainable consumption, transportation demand management, water treatment and sanitation systems and youth gambling problems, among other social needs (See ).

The impact of such social marketing campaigns are not always well documented. One study found that health awareness days can potentially raise knowledge about the causes of public health problems and promote an environment that supports policy changes, but noted that the accuracy of information shared is critical. On the other hand, there is some evidence to show that species awareness days meant to increase biodiversity and conservation awareness can lead to an increase in awareness through internet search for information, and an increase in conservation fund-raising by charities and advocacy groups.

On a wider front, by 2007, government in the United Kingdom announced the development of its first social marketing strategy for all aspects of health. In 2010, the US national health objectives included increasing the number of state health departments that report using social marketing in health promotion and disease prevention programs and increasing the number of schools of public health that offer courses and workforce development activities in social marketing.

Two other public health applications include the CDC's CDCynergy training and software application and SMART (Social Marketing and Assessment Response Tool) in the U.S.

Social marketing theory and practice has been progressed in several countries such as the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the UK, and in the latter a number of key government policy papers have adopted a strategic social marketing approach. Publications such as "Choosing Health" in 2004, "It's our health!" in 2006 and "Health Challenge England" in 2006, represent steps to achieve a strategic and operational use of social marketing. In India, AIDS controlling programs are largely using social marketing and social workers are largely working for it. Most of the social workers are professionally trained for this task.

A variation of social marketing has emerged as a systematic way to foster more sustainable behavior. Referred to as community-based social marketing (CBSM) by Canadian environmental psychologist Doug McKenzie-Mohr, CBSM strives to change the behavior of communities to reduce their impact on the environment. Realizing that simply providing information is usually not sufficient to initiate behavior change, CBSM uses tools and findings from social psychology to discover the perceived barriers to behavior change and ways of overcoming these barriers. Among the tools and techniques used by CBSM are focus groups and surveys (to discover barriers) and commitments, prompts, social norms, social diffusion, feedback and incentives (to change behavior). The tools of CBSM have been used to foster sustainable behavior in many areas, including energy conservation, environmental regulation, recycling and litter cleanup

In recent years, the concept of strategic social marketing has emerged, which identifies that social change requires action at the individual, community, socio-cultural, political and environmental level, and that social marketing can and should influence policy, strategy and operational tactics to achieve pro-social outcomes.

Other social marketing can be aimed at products deemed, at least by proponents, as socially unacceptable. One of the most notable is People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) which for many years has waged social marketing campaigns against the use of natural fur products. The campaigns' efficacy has been subject to dispute.

Social marketing uses the benefits of doing social good to secure and maintain customer engagement. In social marketing the distinguishing feature is therefore its "primary focus on social good, and it is not a secondary outcome. Not all public sector and not-for-profit marketing is social marketing.

Public sector bodies can use standard marketing approaches to improve the promotion of their relevant services and organizational aims. This can be very important but should not be confused with social marketing where the focus is on achieving specific behavioral goals with specific audiences in relation to topics relevant to social good (e.g., health, sustainability, recycling, etc.). For example, a 3-month marketing campaign to encourage people to get an H1N1 vaccine is more tactical in nature and should not be considered social marketing. A campaign that promotes and reminds people to get regular check-ups and all of their vaccinations when they're supposed to encourage a long-term behavior change that benefits society. It can, therefore, be considered social marketing.

Social marketing can be confused with commercial marketing. A commercial marketer may only seek to influence a buyer to purchase a product. Social marketers have more difficult goals. They want to make potentially difficult and long-term behavior changes in target populations, which may or may not involve purchasing a product. For example, reducing cigarette smoking or encouraging the use of condoms have difficult challenges to overcome that go beyond purchasing decisions.

Social marketing is sometimes seen as being restricted to a client base of non-profit organizations, health services groups, the government agency. However, the goal of inducing social change is not restricted to this narrow spectrum of organizations. Corporations, for example, can be clients. Public relations or social responsibility departments may champion social causes such as funding for the arts, which would involve social marketing.

Social marketing should not be confused with the societal marketing concept which was a forerunner of sustainable marketing in integrating issues of social responsibility into commercial marketing strategies. In contrast to that, social marketing uses commercial marketing theories, tools, and techniques to social issues.

Social marketing applies a "customer-oriented" approach and uses the concepts and tools used by commercial marketers in pursuit of social goals like anti-smoking campaigns or fundraising for NGOs.

Social marketers must create a competitive advantage by constantly adapting to and instigating change. With climate change in mind, adaptations to market changes are likely to be more successful if actions are guided by knowledge of the forces shaping market behaviors and insights that enable the development of sustainable competitive advantages.

Confusion
In 2006, Jupitermedia announced its "Social Marketing" service, with which it aims to enable website owners to profit from social media. Despite protests from the social marketing communities over the perceived hijacking of the term, Jupiter stuck with the name. However, Jupiter's approach is more correctly (and commonly) referred to as social media optimization.

History
Many scholars ascribe the beginning of the field of social marketing to an article published by G.D. Wiebe in the Winter 1951–1952 edition of Public Opinion Quarterly. In it, Wiebe posed a rhetorical question: "Why can't you sell brotherhood and rational thinking like you can sell soap?" He then went on to discuss what he saw as the challenges of attempting to sell a social good as if it were a commodity, thus identifying social marketing (though he did not label it as such) as a discipline unique from commodity marketing. Yet, Wilkie & Moore (2003) note that the marketing discipline has been involved with questions about the intersection of marketing and society since its earliest days as a discipline.

A decade later, organizations such as the KfW Entwicklungsbank in Germany, the Canadian International Development Agency, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in The Netherlands, UK Department for International Development, US Agency for International Development, World Health Organization and the World Bank began sponsoring social marketing interventions to improve family planning and achieve other social goals in Africa, Sri Lanka, and elsewhere.

The next milestone in the evolution of social marketing was the publication of "Social Marketing: An Approach to Planned Social Change" in the Journal of Marketing by Philip Kotler and Gerald Zaltman. Kotler and Zaltman coined the term 'social marketing' and defined it as "the design, implementation, and control of programs calculated to influence the acceptability of social ideas and involving considerations of product planning, pricing, communication, distribution, and marketing research." They conclude that "social marketing appears to represent a bridging mechanism which links the behavior scientist's knowledge of human behavior with the socially useful implementation of what that knowledge allows."

Craig Lefebvre and June Flora introduced social marketing to the public health community in 1988, where it has been most widely used and explored. They noted that there was a need for "large scale, broad-based, behavior change focused programs" to improve public health (the community wide prevention of cardiovascular diseases in their respective projects) and outlined eight essential components of social marketing that still hold today:
 * 1) A consumer orientation to realize organizational (social) goals
 * 2) An emphasis on the voluntary exchanges of goods and services between providers and consumers
 * 3) Research in audience analysis and segmentation strategies
 * 4) The use of formative research in product and message design and the pretesting of these materials
 * 5) An analysis of distribution (or communication) channels
 * 6) Use of the marketing mix—using and blending product, price, place and promotion characteristics in intervention planning and implementation
 * 7) A process tracking system with both integrative and control functions
 * 8) A management process that involves problem analysis, planning, implementation and feedback functions

Speaking of what they termed "social change campaigns", Kotler and Ned Roberto introduced the subject by writing, "A social change campaign is an organized effort conducted by one group (the change agent) which attempts to persuade others (the target adopters) to accept, modify, or abandon certain ideas, attitudes, practices or behavior." Their 1989 text was updated in 2002 by Philip Kotler, Ned Roberto and Nancy Lee. In 2005, University of Stirling was the first university to open a dedicated research institute to Social Marketing, while in 2007, Middlesex University became the first university to offer a specialized postgraduate program in Health & Social Marketing.

In recent years there has been an important development to distinguish between "strategic social marketing" and "operational social marketing".

Social marketing is also being explored as a method for social innovation, a framework to increase the adoption of evidence-based practices among professionals and organizations, and as a core skill for public sector managers and social entrepreneurs. It is being viewed as an approach to design more effective, efficient, equitable and sustainable approaches to enhance social well-being that extends beyond individual behavior change to include creating positive shifts in social networks and social norms, businesses, markets and public policy.

Many examples exist of social marketing research, with over 120 papers compiled in a six volume set. For example, research now shows ways to reduce the intentions of people to binge drink or engage in dangerous driving. Martin, Lee, Weeks and Kaya (2013) suggests that understanding consumer personality and how people view others is important. People were shown ads talking of the harmful effects of binge drinking. People who valued close friends as a sense of who they are, were less likely to want to binge drink after seeing an ad featuring them and a close friend. People who were loners or who did not see close friends important to their sense of who they were reacted better to ads featuring an individual. A similar pattern was shown for ads showing a person driving at dangerous speeds. This suggests ads showing potential harm to citizens from binge drinking or dangerous driving are less effective than ads highlighting a person's close friends.

title: Social marketing


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Help talk:Keyboard shortcuts

Key Additions?
I'm not sure if this is the right place to add this, but how about expanding the set of default/universal accesskeys? A few major ones are as follows: (1) for Wikipedia Home (4) to focus on the Search Box (9) for Contact Wikipedia

Maybe we could also have: (2) for Featured Content (5) for About Wikipedia

These controls are mostly missed out of the current set of acceskeys (which seem to focus on logged in users). However the numbers above are consistent with the most popular scheme used on other sites. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Darkdoc (talk • contribs).

Semi-protected edit request on 6 February 2024
2605:8D80:326:2C8C:898C:B5D3:A023:C141 (talk) 03:59, 6 February 2024 (UTC)splicing Dant needs a word it’s start with now!!!
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Cannolis (talk) 04:25, 6 February 2024 (UTC)

Help function
It would (IMO) be helpful to have a shortcut for a "help function" by assigning "view the page Keyboard shortcuts" to a key such as. --Lambiam 13:44, 6 April 2024 (UTC)

Requested move 21 June 2024

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. – robertsky (talk) 07:42, 30 June 2024 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts → Help:Keyboard shortcuts – Seems more like help for using wikipedia than tips for building wikipedia Aaron Liu  (talk) 20:47, 21 June 2024 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Rename per nom. * Pppery * it has begun... 03:52, 22 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Rename per nom. Daask (talk) 01:08, 23 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Help talk:Keyboard shortcuts


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Gay cruising in England and Wales

Gay cruising describes the act of searching about a public place in pursuit of a partner for sex. This activity has existed in England and Wales since at least the 17th century and has a colourful legal history. It differs from prostitution in that the parties involved do not seek money for sex, and from gay nightclubs or bathhouses in that they are not on private premises, although they may take place on private land to which the public have been granted access.

History and origins
The history of gay cruising is sparsely documented, as the illegality of gay sex meant that those who used such cruising grounds were likely to be discreet about them. Rictor Norton, author of Mother Clap's Molly House (a reference to Margaret Clap), is one of the few historians to address the topic. He believes that the first gay cruising grounds and gay brothels in London may have sprung up in the early 17th century; theatres were sometimes denounced as such by moralists of the time.

So-called "cruising grounds" or "cruising sites", where gay and bisexual men meet at a public place to cruise for sex, originated in the late 1600s (from the earliest known records, although it most likely originated much earlier) and has continued to the present day. Cruising came about owing to the illegality of homosexual acts in the United Kingdom. Prior to the Sexual Offences Act 1967, this illegality meant that many gay men could not live openly as homosexuals. Cruising provided a way for gay men to solicit sexual encounters while minimizing the risk of being caught by the police. When cruising first became known, it usually took place in public fields, parks, toilets (or "cottages" as they would become known as in the 20th century). In more recent times, public lay-bys located either on or off main roads or rural roads have also become popular sites. Gay beat is an Australian term.

Legal history
Before the 20th century, anal sex, whether conducted in public or private, was illegal under sodomy laws, including the Buggery Act set down by Henry VIII in 1533. The penalty for anal intercourse during most of this period was death; however, specific proof of successful anal penetration was required for this verdict to be brought. The lesser crime of "gross indecency" carried penalties including the pillory (as in the case of the Vere Street Coterie, who were arrested in a raid of a gay club in 1811), transportation and imprisonment.

The death penalty for anal sex was lifted in 1861. An 1885 law prohibited "gross indecency", which included all erotic conduct between men. Eventually, in 1967, some of the Wolfenden Report's recommendations of a decade earlier led to the decriminalisation of homosexual sex in private; no such legal privilege pertains to sex in public places, either for homosexual or heterosexual sex. Therefore, despite more tolerance in the law and society at large, gay men have continued to be at risk of prosecution for public sex.

A number of well known people have been arrested for sex in public places in England and Wales, including:
 * Simeon Solomon, a painter who was arrested in a London toilet in 1873 with a 60-year-old stableman. He was also later arrested in France for a similar offence.
 * Tom Driberg, later an MP, who was charged with indecent assault after two men shared his bed in the 1940s. He later used his position as a journalist several times to get off charges when caught soliciting in public toilets by the police.
 * Actor Wilfrid Brambell, known for appearing in Steptoe and Son, was arrested in a toilet in Shepherd's Bush on 6 November 1962.
 * Peter Dudley, an actor in Coronation Street who played Ivy Tilsley's husband, was arrested in 1981 in a toilet in Didsbury, Manchester.
 * Actor John Gielgud was arrested for "importuning" in 1953 in Chelsea, London.
 * William J. Field, (Member of Parliament), was arrested for persistently importuning in a public toilet in 1953. Field appealed against the conviction twice but failed on both occasions.
 * Record producer Joe Meek, arrested in a toilet in Islington in 1963.
 * Michael Turnbull was arrested in Hull for cottaging in a public toilet in 1968, before he became Bishop of Durham.
 * Actor Peter Wyngarde, arrested (under his real name, Cyril Louis Goldbert) in Gloucester bus station public toilets in September 1975 for gross indecency with Richard Jack Whalley. He was fined £75.
 * Stedman Pearson of the pop group Five Star, arrested in a toilet in New Malden in 1990.

The playwright Joe Orton wrote in his posthumously published diaries of his regular cottaging, but he did not incur prosecution.

Areas with a history of gay cruising
lists a number of London cruising grounds during the Georgian era. These included St. James's Park, Moorfields, the public privies at Lincoln's Inn, and Smithfield prior to the Gordon Riots.

Hampstead Heath in north London has a long history of gay cruising, which was accompanied by police arrests and attacks. From the late 1990s, this evolved into minimal active policing, and support from gay sexual health organisations. During an interview on BBC News 24, the singer George Michael, who was allegedly caught cruising on Hampstead Heath by News of the World photographers, claimed that his cruising was de facto private because it occurred at 2am. In 1992, Conservative MP Alan Amos resigned his parliamentary seat after he was found by the police "engaging in a homosexual act" on the Heath.

Clapham Common in south London is well known for gay cruising. The Labour MP Ron Davies resigned from the government after national newspapers reported that he was attacked and robbed by a man whom he met on the Common. A number of homophobic attacks have occurred around the area, including the murder of Jody Dobrowski. The gay-themed TV drama Clapham Junction was based around the lives of gay men in the area and included scenes of cruising and cottaging.

Current situation
The Sexual Offences Act 2003 prohibits all forms of sexual activity in a public lavatory, but has nothing to say about other forms of cruising. However, persons of any gender who engage in sexual intercourse in public can find themselves charged with offences under the Public Order Act 1986, if the police have sufficient evidence to convince a court of law that the activity was witnessed by a third party, or there was a high likelihood of the activity being witnessed by a third party.

Presently, there is an active population of men who visit cruising grounds, which include parks, picnic areas and lay-bys where sex takes place in the bushes or other sheltered areas. These areas exist in all parts of Britain, including isolated rural areas. The attitude of the police to cruising at any given location varies, according to the time of the day or night, and the level of public concern measured by the number of complaints from local residents and councillors. Occasionally, police community support officers will visit a cruising area during the early hours of the morning with the intention of advising cruisers of the risk of homophobic attacks, and any persons seen to be involved in sexual behavior will be asked to move on rather than being arrested. A number of police forces actively participate in on-line discussions with cruisers in order to gather information on hate crimes and to discourage them from using locations about which complaints have been received.

The current trend for gay cruising has been bolstered by a continued use of online media. Apps and websites including Grindr, Cruizerz.com and Squirt.org make arranged cruising possible, although this has been a source of questionable safety, with Russian gangs having been found to use such media to lure gay men into dangerous situations.

title: Gay cruising in England and Wales