text:
Kamloops Airport

Kamloops Airport, also known as Fulton Field or John "Moose" Fulton Airfield, is a regional airport located 5 NM west northwest of Kamloops, British Columbia, a city in the Thompson region of Canada. It is owned by the Kamloops Airport Authority Society, while operated by Kamloops Airport Limited, serving the North Okanagan, Nicola and Shuswap areas. Initial examination for the airport's construction began in June 1931, when the city leased 46 acre from fruit-growing company BC Fruitlands.

Along with an air show presentation, the airport publicly opened on August 5, 1939. It has 2,780 by and 8,000 by runways aligned 05/23 and 09/27, and served approximately 263,290 passengers in 2011. The airfield maintains a restaurant, The Bread Garden, as well as a medical facility, accommodation areas and administrative buildings; food and snacks are also offered. Its terminal, runway and navigation aids were expanded and upgraded by 2009. It has seen one accident throughout its history.

The airport has daily scheduled flights to four destinations in Canada operated by Air Canada Express, Central Mountain Air and WestJet. The terminal handled 312,895 passengers in 2014, an increase of 7.2% over the 290,394 passengers in 2013.

History
Initial examination for constructing an airport in Kamloops began in June 1931, when the city leased 46 acre from fruit-growing company BC Fruitlands. The airport's development started in 1936 and the gravel runway was completed in 1938. That same year, Kamloops acquired another 30 acre, as well as land for airport use. The Department of Transport, now known as Transport Canada, granted money for airport development in 1939, with the airfield's runway finishing in that year. On April 13, 1939, an Aeronca aircraft made the first official landing on the runway. The airport was publicly opened on August 5, 1939, along with an air show presented at the structure itself with over 30 aircraft. Later that month, it was classified as a port of entry by the Canadian government. During World War II, additional activity occurred at the airport. In April 1942, Vancouver-based Gilbert Flight School transferred its service to Kamloops, as civil flights provided in British Columbia's Lower Mainland were canceled.

In addition, the airport was used by the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) as an alternate route for the no longer existent Air Transport Command (ATC) for flights to the Soviet Union. During the war Kamloops gained access to 861 acre for further airport expansion, as well as the addition of taxi and apron services. However, after World War II, part of the airport's land were sold to Canada's Department of Agriculture, with the size reducing to 570 acre. In May 1944, the Governor General of Canada at that time, Earl of Athlone, entitled the structure Fulton Field, in honor of John Fulton, a Wing Commander server born in Kamloops. This was confirmed by George H. Greer, the secretary of the Kamloops Board of Trade at the time. Throughout its history, a number of airlines have served it. Canadian Pacific Air Lines provided daily flights in 1950 connecting to the communities of Quesnel, Prince George, Williams Lake and Vancouver.

By 1951, the airport founded and became headquarters of Central British Columbia Airways, which was later known as Pacific Western Airlines, but is no longer existent. However, the following year, its headquarters was transferred to Richmond's Vancouver International Airport. The federal Department of Transport regained rights to the airport in 1961, beginning an expansion program. The airfield saw its runways expand in 1963 and 1964.

In 1966, Canadian Pacific Air Lines was serving the airport with a Vancouver – Kamloops – Prince George – Fort. St. John – Grande Prairie – Edmonton round trip flight operated with a Douglas DC-6B propliner six days a week and also a Kamloops – Williams Lake – Quesnel – Prince George round trip flown with a Douglas DC-3 six days a week as well with both of these services not operating on Sundays. The first air traffic controllers started working at Kamloops Airport in 1967. That year the airport served approximately 29,200 passengers.

There had previously been proposals for relocating the airport due to low public visibility during the fall and winter seasons of a specific year. The move was never carried out because another location could not be found. Instead the airport was expanded by 1969. This saw its administrative buildings, offices, baggage area and coffee shop being improved, costing $85,000.

Also by 1969, jet service had arrived at Kamloops as Pacific Western Airlines had begun nonstop Boeing 737-200 jetliner flights to Vancouver and Calgary with additional nonstop service to Vancouver being operated by the air carrier with Convair 640 turboprop aircraft which the airline called the "Javelin Jet-Prop". There was a flood threat close to the airport in 1972, while in the following year, the airfield's runways were extended. Obtaining 149,027 passengers by 1974, more considered the airport reliable, as it was improved with the addition of more general services.

By 1975, Pacific Western Airlines was operating all flights into the airport with Boeing 727-200 and Boeing 737-200 jetliners with nonstop service to Vancouver, B.C. (YVR) and Calgary, AB (YYC) as well as direct, no change of plane service to other destinations in western Canada.

Kamloops Airport's telecommunication equipment was provided at a separate building in 1977, with 235,600 passengers garnered from it that same year. The airport saw the start of its runways and terminals expansion in 1982 and 1984, while the following year this was completed.

In 1985, Pacific Western was operating all flights from the airport with Boeing 737-200 jetliners with nonstop service to Vancouver, Calgary, Cranbrook, Kelowna and Williams Lake. In addition, the airline was flying direct, no change of plane jet service to Edmonton Municipal Airport (YXD), Prince George, Saskatoon, Penticton and Quesnel with Pacific Western also offering connecting 737 service to Toronto, Winnipeg and Regina via Calgary and as well as connecting 737 service to Victoria and Seattle via Vancouver. According to the April 28, 1985 Pacific Western system timetable, the airline was operating up to seven departures a day with 737 jets from the airport at this time.

During 1986 and 1987, the former terminal building was changed to serve as an operation structure. Besides Pacific Western, Air BC and Time Air served the airport with scheduled passenger flights during the 1980s; all three airlines no longer exist. In 1988, the number of passengers dropped to 137,579. The runway has been used by a wide variety of jet and propeller aircraft over the years from Airbus A320, Boeing 727-200, Boeing 737-200, Boeing 737-400, Boeing 737-600, Boeing 737-700 and British Aerospace BAe 146-200 jetliners to Aeroncas, Aero Commander 500s, Cessna 150s and Grumman TBF Avengers since historical dates. A number of different aerial fire fighting airtanker aircraft have also used the airport including the Convair 580, Grumman S-2 Tracker and Lockheed L-188 Electra. On May 20, 2001, a U.S. Air Force C-32, which is a military version of the Boeing 757-200 and is used for U.S. government VIP flights, was present at the airport.

In 1995, the airport no longer had jet service to either Vancouver or Calgary with these services being operated instead with turboprop aircraft flown by Air BC operating as Air Canada Connector or by Time Air operating as Canadian Airlines Partner via respective code sharing agreements. According to the April 2, 1995 edition of the Official Airline Guide (OAG), both airlines were flying de Havilland Canada DHC-8 Dash 8 turboprops into the airport at this time with Air BC operating British Aerospace BAe Jetstream 31 commuter propjets as well.

However, by 2009, the airport terminal, runway and navigation aids were upgraded with about $25 million, which was funded by the British Columbia government, who gave $4 million, the Canadian government, who gave $6.6 million and the airport itself for the remaining money and announced in 2007; $13 million was used to upgrade the runway, $3 million was used to expand the navigation aid, while $4 million was used for terminal improvements. The city's intention was to expand and upgrade the airport in order for the economy and tourism to expand. City mayor Peter Milobar and members of the Kamloops Indian Band praised its expansion. Its catchment area has a population of approximately 138,000 residents.

Kelowna International Airport, an international airport operated in nearby city of Kelowna, has had a small impact on this airport, since they both share the same catchment area. About 13 percent of the local residents in 2007 choose the Kelowna International Airport over the Kamloops Airport to fly to regional destinations, specifically due to its significant growth. Despite this, some Kelowna residents choose the Kamloops Airport over their local airport.

On May 17, 2020, a Canadair CT-114 Tutor plane from the Snowbirds, Canada's military flight demonstration squadron, crashed in Kamloops shortly after takeoff, injuring the pilot and killing a passenger.

The largest aircraft to visit Kamloops was an RCAF Airbus CC-150 Polaris bringing in the investigators for the aforementioned crash.

419 (City of Kamloops) Squadron
John Fulton is an alumnus of the class of 1929 at Kamloops Secondary High School. While growing up in Kamloops, he became enamored of flying. For a short while he tried banking, but he had a longing for something more. After only a year he abandoned banking and went down to the Boeing School of Aeronautics in Oakland, California.

He was attracted to the military way of life and in 1934 travelled to England to join the Royal Air Force. In 1935 he received his commission as a Pilot Officer with a bomber transport squadron. He was deployed to Egypt and stayed there for just over two years.

With the start of hostilities of World War II, he came back to England and flew with a bomber squadron. As the pace of operations intensified Fulton flew over twenty missions in three months. In September 1940 he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross; in January 1942 he received the Air Force Cross; and in August of the same year he also received the Distinguished Service Order.

When the RCAF decided to organize its own 419 Squadron, the first senior officers were Canadians on loan from the RAF. Fulton was the first Commanding Officer. He enjoyed great popularity among the officers and men of the squadron. Indeed, his Squadron often referred to themselves as "Moosemen" after Fulton's nickname.

On the night of August 2, 1942, the Squadron went to Hamburg. On the way home, Fulton's aircraft was set upon by enemy fighters. A single message was transmitted by the aircraft – "Wounded … fighters … five hundred feet." The aircraft was lost over the sea.

The high esteem in which the men of No.419 Squadron held their missing leader was demonstrated by the adoption of his nickname as their own thus immortalizing the first commanding officer of "Moose" Squadron for all time. No. 419 was the only Canadian squadron to be named after a person.

Today 419 Tactical Fighter (Training) Squadron conducts the NATO Flying Training Canada program for Canada, Denmark, Italy, Singapore and the Royal Air Force at 4 Wing in Cold Lake, Alberta. This program prepares future fighter pilots for training on CF-18 class aircraft. Members of the Squadron continue to refer to themselves as "Moosemen."

On May 29, 1964, the Kamloops Airport was "Dedicated in Honour of Wing Commander John Fulton, D.S.O., D.F.C., A.F.C., and the men of the air service from Kamloops and District" by Major General Earl of Athlone K.G. Governor General of Canada. The airport now bears the additional title "Fulton Field."

Facilities

The airport is located on 3035 Airport Road in the Brocklehurst neighbourhood of north Kamloops, 5 NM west northwest of city centre and Selkirk Mountains, situated off Tranquille Road on the Fraser Plateau. It is located 307 km north of the Canada–United States border and opposite the Kamloops Golf & Country Club and Kamloops Lake attractions, which is a lake and country club situated in the city. Paid parking, taxis, car rentals and bus service are available. Car rentals are provided by Budget Rent a Car, Enterprise Rent-A-Car and National Car Rental, which have offices located at the airport. There are 389 parking stalls, but 150 more spaces are expected. Due to its location, the airport is commonly used to gain access to Sun Peaks, British Columbia, and Sun Peaks Resort.

Food and snacks are available at this airport's terminal, as well as a medical facility, accommodation areas and administrative buildings. There is also a Canada Revenue Agency and Nav Canada offices. Its terminal, which is 1,500 sqm, has been considered for further expansion, with the North Shore Business Improvement Association helping this expansion. The city's intention was to expand and upgrade the airport in order for the economy and tourism to expand. City mayor Peter Milobar and members of the Kamloops Indian Band praised its expansion. The airport's aircraft obtain their fuel from Shell Canada, which is located on site and serves as an aviation dealer for the Kamloops Airport. The airfield has 2,780 by and 8,000 by asphalt runways aligned 05/23 and 09/27, which are appraised every five years.

Formerly known as the Kamloops Aero Club, the Kamloops Flying Club operates at the airport, which is a club where children receive a flight in an airplane with the pilot and learn about the airplanes themselves. In addition, the flight school Canadian Flight Centre is based on site; the branch based in Boundary Bay, Delta opened a location in Kamloops in May 2012 and uses Cessna aircraft for its lessons. Canadian Helicopters operates a training facility for the Kamloops Airport Other related facilities include Astaris Canada, CC Helicopters, Highland Helicopters and WestAir Aviation. Formerly, Flight Discovery operated as a flight school at the airport, but the owner was deemed a fraud artist.

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) operates an A-Star helicopter at the airport, while the BC Forest Service occasionally uses the airfield with their helicopters. It maintains an aircraft maintenance centre, while aircraft parts are sold by Inland Communications, Mountainaire Services, Progressive Air Services, Pro Aero Engines, Spring Aviation and Westcan Aircraft Sales & Salvage. Meanwhile, packages can be delivered through FedEx at the Kamloops Airport, while custom and security services are provided by Canada Border Services Agency and Garda Security Screening. There is a radio navigation aid provided at the Kamloops Airport which is used by pilots on aircraft coming from other nearby airports to determine their location. The navigation system is owned by Nav Canada, which operate an air traffic control system at it. The Airside Business Park and Fulton Industrial Park are the airport's development areas.

The local and upcoming weather of Kamloops is observed at this airport's weather station, referred to as the Kamloops Airport Weather Station. Nav Canada has noted that most of the aircraft winds near the Kamloops Airport blow east and west. It has been classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency. An aircraft at this airport may handle no more than 30 passengers. Skydiving can be performed at the airport through Skydive Kamloops. Passengers may also board a courtesy shuttle to other nearby municipalities, such as Blue River, British Columbia.

It has a number of employees available, with Fred Legace serving as airport manager and a number of maintenance workers serving the airport; Ed Ratuski also manages it. The Kamloops Airport has been owned by a number of companies since its opening. It was initially owned by the RCAF, but later there was a proposal led the RCAF to transfer airport ownership to Kamloops itself, hence why the name was changed to the Kamloops Airport, although it is commonly referred to as Fulton Field or Fulton Airport. During the 1990s, Transport Canada, the owner at that time, began a program to transfer ownership of selected regional airports and the ownership of the Kamloops Airport was transferred to the then-new Kamloops Airport Authority Society by August 1997 which is a department of the Kamloops City Council and was composed of its members; it was deemed a commercial operation. Kamloops Airport Authority Society have a contract with the Vancouver Airport Authority, which allow them to manage and operate the airport. It is operated by Kamloops Airport Limited.

Airlines and destinations
As of 2012, Kamloops Airport offers scheduled flights to the Calgary International Airport and Vancouver International Airport, which are provided by Air Canada Express and operated by Jazz Air. In addition, Central Mountain Air flights are offered to the Prince George Airport, along with WestJet flights, which were added in November 2009, to the Calgary International Airport and Edmonton International Airport; the latter has been serviced since January 2010. All of these flights are provided daily.

Kamloops Airport has provided flights to several destinations by charter airlines as well, including the Denver International Airport, San Diego International Airport, San Jose International Airport and Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. In 2010, the airport garnered 36,094 aircraft movements, while in 2012, it served approximately 275,424 passengers, representing a 4.4 percent increase from the 2011 number of about 263,290 passengers. The majority of this increase occurred in December 2012, which the Canadian Flight Centre contributed to.

title: Kamloops Airport


text:
Talk:Smut (fungus)

Consider making this a disambig. page for obvious reasons. --68.146.74.91 18:57, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Was probably my mistake, but the eastern seaboard of Aus isn't the most productive area for sugarcane, brazil is. i'll make the change (just the wording of it) unless anyone has a prob with it. --Brynic 03:11, 24 February 2007 (UTC) The Australian Eastern Seaboard isnt even one of the worlds most productive areas, it is one of the most productive areas of Australia... not the world. Good edit. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.39.51.116 (talk) 00:28, 29 June 2010 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Smut (fungus)


text:
Karl von Crämer

Karl von Crämer (1818–1902), Bavarian politician, had a very remarkable career, rising gradually from a mere workman in a factory at Doos near Nuremberg to the post of manager, and finally becoming part proprietor of the establishment. Leaving business in 1870 he devoted his time entirely to politics.

From 1848 he had been a member of the Bavarian second chamber, at first representing the district of Erlangen-Fürth, and afterwards Nuremberg, which city also sent him after the war of 1866 as its deputy to the German customs parliament, and from 1871 to 1874 to the first German Reichstag. He sat in these bodies as a member of the Progressive party (Fortschrittspartei), and in Bavaria was one of the leaders of the Liberal (Freisinnige) party. His eloquence had a great hold upon the masses. As a parliamentarian he was very clear-headed, and thoroughly understood how to lead a party. For many years he was the reporter of the finance committee of the chamber. In 1882, on account of his great services in connection with the Bavarian National Exhibition of Nuremberg, the order of the crown of Bavaria was conferred upon him, carrying with it the honor of nobility. He died at Nuremberg on 31 December 1902.

title: Karl von Crämer


text: Talk:Giant pumpkin

title: Talk:Giant pumpkin


text:
Template talk:Sister project links

Discussion of where to place Template:Sister bar
A discussion of where to place Sister bar on articles is now open at WT:MOSLAYOUT. Please feel free to join the discussion! — hike395 (talk) 19:40, 18 September 2022 (UTC)

Template-protected edit request on 10 January 2023
Please can line 418 of Module:Sister project links be edited from: to:

At the moment, articles that start with an apostrophe (such as 'Oh, Whistle, and I'll Come to You, My Lad', which has this template) break the formatting, as the renderer puts the first  of   on its own line above the rest of the title, outside the bold formatting.

I've tested the above fix at Module:Module sandbox, and it's working as expected. ‑‑ Yodin T 15:03, 10 January 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ Nice catch. – Jonesey95 (talk) 18:05, 10 January 2023 (UTC)

Cleanup: Parameter "qid"
For the paramter  there is no description! It seems that with this parameter you can define a search string for wikidata, but this is already possible with parameter. Or does it something more? Regards --W like wiki good to know 12:50, 9 February 2023 (UTC)
 * It's purely for testing: it forces the template to behave as if it were placed on an article with that qid. It should not be used on normal pages, so it remains undocumented. It's used, e.g., on Template:Sister project links/testcases. — hike395 (talk) 16:01, 9 February 2023 (UTC)
 * q is something entirely different: it is for displaying links to Wikiquote. d links to Wikidata, but does not force the entire template to behave as if it were on a different article. — hike395 (talk) 16:03, 9 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Oh yes, that was my mistake, sure, I meant d. So ✅. Thx! --W like wiki good to know 17:08, 9 February 2023 (UTC)

Cleanup: Parameter "iw" (Wikipedia link)
Hello and hello I think the Parameter "iw" (Wikipedia link) is not needed. Interlanguage links are not interproject links. A Wikipedia link here in this box is a bit irritating. Sure, the case is different if this box is in a Wikiversity or Wiktionary article, but here on Wikipedia a link to another language edition of Wikipedia should not appear under sister projects. Agree? Regards --W like wiki good to know 17:19, 9 February 2023 (UTC)

 * I respectfully disagree. There already is a template InterWiki that links to an edition of Wikipedia, and produces a big box designed to be in External Links. iw simply allows editors to fold that link into this box, instead of forcing a completely separate box which looks ugly (see right).
 * If you feel like InterWiki does not belong in EL at all, I would suggest gaining consensus at Template talk:InterWiki. — hike395 (talk) 01:19, 10 February 2023 (UTC)

Edit Request: Display order of wikivoyage and wikiversity
Hello and hello it would be nice if the the order of the wikivoyage and wikiversity links could be switched. First profite: Textbooks (wikibooks) and wikiversity are displayed together. Second: All projects that default to "yes" when auto=no (bold) are displayed together. So the order will be:

Regards --W like wiki good to know 17:37, 9 February 2023 (UTC)
 * This change is easy to make at Module:Sister project links, but it would be good to hear if other editors support or oppose this change. — hike395 (talk) 01:24, 10 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Too trivial to oppose :) — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 09:54, 10 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Face-smile.svg --W like wiki good to know 18:41, 11 February 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ — now live, affects Sister project links, Sister bar, and Subject bar. Easy to revert if there are objections. — hike395 (talk) 20:49, 11 February 2023 (UTC)

From?
The wording provided by the "iw" parameter, "<Language> Edition from Wikipedia" (seen, for example, in the articles for Swahili and Bulgarian), seems awkward. "<Language> Edition of Wikipedia" would be better. - dcljr (talk) 01:44, 15 April 2023 (UTC)

 * ✅ --- good idea. — hike395 (talk) 12:39, 15 April 2023 (UTC)
 * and : I don't think this edit makes sense in the context of the other phrasing. Each of the phrases in the sister projects box appears, to me, to omit roughly the same words: a preposition and the article name, like "of XXX" or "about XXX" or "by XXX", where "XXX" is the article name. For example, "Definitions from Wiktionary" really means "Definitions of XXX from Wiktionary". "Travel information from Wikivoyage" means "Travel information about XXX from Wikivoyage". In that grammatical context, "English edition from Wikipedia" was correct, meaning "English edition of 'XXX'  from Wikipedia". For example, if I use this template at John Dalton with es, I get:
 * Definitions from Wiktionary (read: Definitions of John Dalton from Wiktionary)
 * Media from Commons (read: Media about John Dalton from Commons)
 * News from Wikinews (read: News about John Dalton from Wikinews)
 * Quotations from Wikiquote (read: Quotations by John Dalton from Wikiquote)
 * Texts from Wikisource (read: Texts about John Dalton from Wikisource)
 * Textbooks from Wikibooks (read: Textbooks about John Dalton from Wikibooks)
 * Resources from Wikiversity (read: Resources about John Dalton from Wikiversity)
 * Spanish edition of Wikipedia (read: Spanish edition of John Dalton of Wikipedia)
 * The last one no longer makes sense. I think "from" was, while not perfect, more correct. There may be a third way to make the phrasing even better while keeping it brief. Inserting quotation marks around the article name in the interwiki phrasing might be slightly better, but it could have unforeseen consequences for titles that already contain punctuation. – Jonesey95 (talk) 12:53, 15 April 2023 (UTC)
 * iw is only used on articles about languages. Following InterWiki, the iw links in the sister box don't link to a corresponding article in the other edition, they link to the main page of the other edition. In other words, the link is not to the "Article about the Spanish language in the Spanish edition of Wikipedia", it's truly the "Spanish edition of Wikipedia". — hike395 (talk) 13:13, 15 April 2023 (UTC)
 * How very odd. Thanks for the explanation; this is why I try to discuss changes like this on talk pages instead of knee-jerk reverting changes that I do not fully understand. A few thoughts:
 * I did not see a good explanation of iw in the documentation; hence my confusion. (Also, I did not actually click on the link when I tried it at John Dalton, which is lazy on my part).
 * Possibly because the documentation is lacking, iw is used on articles other than language articles.
 * The other sister project links take me to information about the topic covered in the article, but iw links just take me to the main page, as you describe. That seems like a missed opportunity, and a possible WP:EGG problem (see, for example, the link at Avigliana castle). I wonder how difficult it would be to make the iw link work like ill, possibly pulling the proper link title from Wikidata. – Jonesey95 (talk) 13:45, 15 April 2023 (UTC)
 * (Outdenting a bit, but replying to Jonesey95…) Its use in the Avigliana castle article is Just Plain Wrong (IMO… so I've changed it). Interlanguage links are already provided by Wikidata (and the article already links to it:Castello di Avigliana in the sidebar, or wherever it appears in your skin). There's no other reason to link to the Italian Wikipedia in that article (not in the box at the bottom, anyway). - dcljr (talk) 14:59, 15 April 2023 (UTC)
 * OK, but again, if the documentation does not say how to use the parameter, how is an editor to know what is Wrong? More fundamentally, it seems strangely non-parallel and a violation of WP:EGG to use iw in French language, where the heading of this template says "French language at Wikipedia's sister projects", but the link does not take you to fr:Français. I propose that this parameter be removed entirely or radically reformatted to show that the heading "XXX language at Wikipedia's sister projects" does not apply to the "XXX edition of Wikipedia" link. – Jonesey95 (talk) 15:02, 15 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I added a section to the documentation to explain usage, so now editors can realize that using iw on non-language articles is Wrong, and that the link goes to the Main Page.
 * This is a useful parameter and I claim it should not be removed. Per the discussion above, the layout when Interwiki is used in addition to Sister project links looks ugly. Non-English Wikipedias are still sister projects, and it seems sensible that links to the XXX language Wikipedia should be folded into the sister box.
 * I'm hoping that dlcjr's proposal fixes the link surprise problem? If the link says "French edition of Wikipedia", that would tell readers that the link goes to fr:Wikipédia:Accueil principal rather than to fr:Français.
 * I would have thought that the entire French edition of Wikipedia was a valid entry in a list titled "French language at Wikipedia's sister projects" --- it's French and it's a sister project. It's not like the other links are guaranteed to always go to the parallel article in another Wikipedia. Editors can override the entry -- I've seen Wikivoyage links go to more general articles (e.g., Sonoran Desert linking to voy:Desert (California).
 * — hike395 (talk) 17:05, 15 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I would have thought that the entire French edition of Wikipedia was a valid entry in a list titled "French language at Wikipedia's sister projects" --- it's French and it's a sister project. It's not like the other links are guaranteed to always go to the parallel article in another Wikipedia. Editors can override the entry -- I've seen Wikivoyage links go to more general articles (e.g., Sonoran Desert linking to voy:Desert (California).
 * — hike395 (talk) 17:05, 15 April 2023 (UTC)

Punctuation missing for uses with only Commons link
Hello! I don't know enough about templates to know how to fix this, but I found that when this template is used, sometimes when selecting the option to fill in defaults from Wikidata it only shows a Wikimedia Commons link - and when this happens, the box format changes to match the format of the Commons category box, except that it's missing the period normally included at the end of the sentence. (See examples at right)

Doomhope (talk) 18:16, 3 March 2024 (UTC)

 * here — hike395 (talk) 19:28, 3 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Sister project links


text:
User talk:SquidDNA

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG 19:01, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:SquidDNA


text:
July 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

July 17 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - July 19

All fixed commemorations below are celebrated on July 31 by Old Calendar.

For July 18th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on July 5.

Saints

 * Martyr Emilian of Silistra in Bulgaria (363)
 * Martyr Markellos (Marcellus, Marcel), roasted alive.
 * Martyrs Dasius and Maron, by the sword.
 * Martyrs Paul, Valentina and Theia (Theis, Thoe), siblings, at Diocaesarea (363)   (see also: July 16)
 * Martyr Hyacinth of Amastris (4th century)
 * Venerable Pambo, hermit of Egypt (4th century)
 * Great-martyr Athanasius of Klysma, Egypt (4th century)
 * Saint Barlaam, ascetic, of Bald Mountain, near Antioch in Syria (6th century)
 * Saint John the Confessor, Metropolitan of Chalcedon (9th century)
 * Saint Stephen II of Constantinople, Patriarch of Constantinople (928)

Pre-Schism Western saints

 * Martyr Symphorosa of Tivoli near Rome, and her seven martyred sons:(c. 138)
 * Crescens, Julian, Nemesius, Primitivus, Justin, Stacteus, and Eugene, under the Emperor Hadrian.

 * Saint Marina of Orense (Marina of Águas Santas), a martyr in Orense in Spain (139)
 * Virgin martyr Gundenis, martyred in Carthage in North Africa under Septimius Severus (203)
 * Saint Maternus, Bishop of Milan in Italy (328)
 * Saint Rufillus (Ruffilius), first Bishop of Forlimpopoli in Emilia in Italy (382)
 * Saint Philastrius, born in Spain, he became Bishop of Brescia in Italy at the time of the Arian troubles (c. 397)
 * Saint Goneri of Brittany, an exile from Britain to Brittany, where he lived as a hermit near Tréguier (6th century)
 * Saint Arnulf of Metz, a monk at Lérins, later Bishop of Metz (640)
 * Saint Eadburh of Bicester, a daughter of the pagan King Penda, she became a nun (c. 650)
 * Saint Theneva (Thenew, Thenova, Dwynwen), the mother of St Kentigern and patron-saint of Glasgow in Scotland together with him (7th century)
 * Saint Frederick of Utrecht, Bishop of Utrecht in the Netherlands, martyr bishop (838)
 * Saint Minnborinus of Cologne, born in Ireland, he became Abbot of St Martin's in Cologne in Germany (986)

Post-Schism Orthodox saints

 * Venerbale John the Much-suffering, of the Kiev Caves (1160)
 * Venerable saints Onesiphoros, Pammegistos, Pamphoditis, Paphnutios, Pegon, Polemios, Sozomenos, Soterichos and Photios, of the "300 Allemagne Saints" of Cyprus (12th century)
 * Venerable Pambo the Recluse of the Kiev Far Caves (1241)
 * Saint Leontius, founder of Karikhov Monastery, in Novgorod (1492)
 * Hieromartyr Cosmas (Kozman), Hieromonk, of Gareji, Georgia (1630)

New martyrs and confessors

 * New Hieromartyr Apollinarius (Mosalitinov), Hieromonk of the St. Nicholas Monastery, Verkhoturye (1918)
 * New Martyrs Abbess Elizabeth (Romanova), Grand Duchess of Russia, and Nun Barbara, and those with them, at Alapaevsk (1918) (see also: July 5)

Other commemorations

 * Translation of the relics of Venerable Lazarus the Wonderworker, of Mt. Galesion. (see also: November 7, July 17)
 * Icons of the Most Holy Theotokos "Tolga" (1314) and "Kaluga" (1748, 1892)
 * Repose of Abbess Mavrikia (1867) and Abbess Zosima (1933), both of Goritsy Convent.

title: July 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)


text:
User talk:JoJoTrue

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG 19:02, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:JoJoTrue


text:
Iqbal Sacranie

Sir Iqbal Abdul Karim Mussa Sacranie, OBE (born 6 September 1951 in Malawi) served as Secretary General of the Muslim Council of Britain (MCB) until June 2006. He arrived in the UK in 1969. He was the founding Secretary General of the Muslim Council of Britain (established 1997), and served four further years as Secretary General from 2002 to 2004 and 2004 to 2006. He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1999, and was knighted by the Queen in 2005.

During the controversy on Salman Rushdie, shortly after the fatwa by Iranian religious leader Ayatollah Khomeini for his book The Satanic Verses, Sacranie stated: "Death, perhaps, is a bit too easy for him his mind must be tormented for the rest of his life unless he asks for forgiveness to Almighty Allah." Sacranie states that this quotation was misinterpreted and that he merely wanted to convince Muslims that they should not kill Rushdie.

On 3 January 2006 Sacranie told BBC Radio 4's PM programme that he believes homosexuality is "not acceptable", and denounced same-sex civil partnerships as "harmful". He said that bringing in gay marriage did "not augur well" for building the foundations of society.

He was Chairman of Muslim Aid and, since 2012, is on its executive committee.

title: Iqbal Sacranie


text:
User talk:Maia!

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG 19:03, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Maia!


text:
Photoheterotroph

Photoheterotrophs (Gk: photo = light, hetero = (an)other, troph = nourishment) are heterotrophic phototrophs—that is, they are organisms that use light for energy, but cannot use carbon dioxide as their sole carbon source. Consequently, they use organic compounds from the environment to satisfy their carbon requirements; these compounds include carbohydrates, fatty acids, and alcohols. Examples of photoheterotrophic organisms include purple non-sulfur bacteria, green non-sulfur bacteria, and heliobacteria. These microorganisms are ubiquitous in aquatic habitats, occupy unique niche-spaces, and contribute to global biogeochemical cycling. Recent research has also indicated that the oriental hornet and some aphids may be able to use light to supplement their energy supply.

Research
Studies have shown that mammalian mitochondria can also capture light and synthesize ATP when mixed with pheophorbide, a light-capturing metabolite of chlorophyll. Research demonstrated that the same metabolite when fed to the worm Caenorhabditis elegans leads to increase in ATP synthesis upon light exposure, along with an increase in life span.

Furthermore, inoculation experiments suggest that mixotrophic Ochromonas danica (i.e., Golden algae)—and comparable eukaryotes—favor photoheterotrophy in oligotrophic (i.e., nutrient-limited) aquatic habitats. This preference may increase energy-use efficiency and growth by reducing investment in inorganic carbon fixation (e.g., production of autotrophic machineries such as RuBisCo and PSII).

Metabolism
Photoheterotrophs generate ATP using light, in one of two ways: they use a bacteriochlorophyll-based reaction center, or they use a bacteriorhodopsin. The chlorophyll-based mechanism is similar to that used in photosynthesis, where light excites the molecules in a reaction center and causes a flow of electrons through an electron transport chain (ETS). This flow of electrons through the proteins causes hydrogen ions to be pumped across a membrane. The energy stored in this proton gradient is used to drive ATP synthesis. Unlike in photoautotrophs, the electrons flow only in a cyclic pathway: electrons released from the reaction center flow through the ETS and return to the reaction center. They are not utilized to reduce any organic compounds. Purple non-sulfur bacteria, green non-sulfur bacteria, and heliobacteria are examples of bacteria that carry out this scheme of photoheterotrophy.

Other organisms, including halobacteria and flavobacteria and vibrios have purple-rhodopsin-based proton pumps that supplement their energy supply. The archaeal version is called bacteriorhodopsin, while the eubacterial version is called proteorhodopsin. The pump consists of a single protein bound to a Vitamin A derivative, retinal. The pump may have accessory pigments (e.g., carotenoids) associated with the protein. When light is absorbed by the retinal molecule, the molecule isomerises. This drives the protein to change shape and pump a proton across the membrane. The hydrogen ion gradient can then be used to generate ATP, transport solutes across the membrane, or drive a flagellar motor. One particular flavobacterium cannot reduce carbon dioxide using light, but uses the energy from its rhodopsin system to fix carbon dioxide through anaplerotic fixation. The flavobacterium is still a heterotroph as it needs reduced carbon compounds to live and cannot subsist on only light and CO2. It cannot carry out reactions in the form of
 * n CO2 + 2n H2D + photons → (CH2O)n + 2n D + n H2O,

where H2D may be water, H2S or another compound/compounds providing the reducing electrons and protons; the 2D + H2O pair represents an oxidized form.

However, it can fix carbon in reactions like:
 * CO2 + pyruvate + ATP (from photons) → malate + ADP +Pi

where malate or other useful molecules are otherwise obtained by breaking down other compounds by
 * carbohydrate + O2 → malate + CO2 + energy.

This method of carbon fixation is useful when reduced carbon compounds are scarce and cannot be wasted as CO2 during interconversions, but energy is plentiful in the form of sunlight.

Ecology
Distribution and Niche Partitioning

Photoheterotrophs—either 1) cyanobacteria (i.e. facultative heterotrophs in nutrient-limited environments like Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus), 2) aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophic bacteria (AAP; employing bacteriochlorophyll-based reaction centers), 3) proteorhodopsin (PR)-containing bacteria and archaea, and 4) heliobacteria (i.e., the only phototroph with bacteriochlorophyll g pigments, or Gram-positive membrane) are found in various aquatic habitats including oceans, stratified lakes, rice fields, and environmental extremes.

In oceans' photic zones, up to 10% of bacterial cells are capable of AAP, whereas greater than 50% of net marine microorganisms house PR—reaching up to 90% in coastal biomes. As demonstrated in inoculation experiments, photoheterotrophy may provide these planktonic microbes competitive advantages 1) relative to chemoheterotrophs in oligotrophic (i.e., nutrient-poor) environments via increased nutrient use-efficiency (i.e., organic carbon fuels biosynthesis, excessively, versus energy production) and 2) by eliminating investment in physiologically costly autotrophic enzymes/complexes (RuBisCo and PSII). Furthermore, in Arctic oceans, AAP and PR photoheterotrophs are prominent in ice-covered regions during wintertime per light scarcity. Lastly, seasonal turnover has been observed in marine AAPs as ecotypes (i.e., genetically similar taxa with differing functional trait and/or environmental preferences) segregate into temporal niches.

In stratified (i.e., euxinic) lakes, photoheterotrophs—alongside other anoxygenic phototrophs (e.g., purple/green sulfur bacteria fixing carbon dioxide via electron donors such as ferrous iron, sulfide, and hydrogen gas)—often occupy the chemocline in the water column and/or sediments. In this zone, dissolved oxygen is reduced, light is limited to long wavelengths (e.g., red and infrared) left-over by oxygenic phototrophs (e.g., cyanobacteria), and anaerobic metabolisms (i.e., those occurring in the absence of oxygen) begin introducing sulfide and bioavailable nutrients (e.g., organic carbon, phosphate, and ammonia) through upward diffusion.

Heliobacteria are obligate anaerobes primarily located in rice fields, where low sulfide concentrations prevent competitive exclusion of purple/green sulfur bacteria. These waterlogged environments may facilitate symbiotic relationships between heliobacteria and rice plants as fixed nitrogen—from the former—is exchanged for carbon-rich root exudates.

Observation studies have characterized photoheterotrophs (e.g., Green non-sulfur bacteria such as Chloroflexi and AAPs) within photosynthetic mats at environmental extremes (e.g., hot springs and hypersaline lagoons). Notably, temperature and pH drive anoxygenic phototroph community composition in Yellowstone National Park's geothermal features. In addition, various, light-dependent niches in the Great Salk Lake's hypersaline mats support phototrophic diversity as microbes optimize energy production and combat osmotic stress.

Biogeochemical Cycling

Photoheterotrophs influence global carbon cycling by assimilating dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Therefore, when harvesting light-energy, carbon is maintained in the microbial loop without corresponding respiration (i.e., carbon dioxide release to the atmosphere as DOC is oxidized to fuel energy production). This disconnect, the discovery of facultative photoheterotrophs (e.g., AAPs with flexible energy sources), and previous measurements taken in the dark (i.e., to avoid skewed oxygen consumption values due to photooxidation, UV light, and oxygenic photosynthesis) lead to overestimated aquatic emissions. For example, a 15.2% decrease in community respiration was observed in Cep Lake, Czechia—alongside preferential glucose and pyruvate uptake—is attributed to facultative photoheterotrophs preferring light-energy during the daytime, given fitness benefits mentioned previously.

title: Photoheterotroph


text:
Talk:Roger Black (actor)

Vfd results
This article was nominated for deletion. The result was no consensus, but a merge is probably in order. For details, please see Votes for deletion/Yucko the Clown. -- BD2412 talk 19:06, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Name
I believe his name is Roger Davis (Artie told a story involving Yucko's real name on the Meanest Listener contest final)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Roger Black (actor). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111012130830/http://redandblack.com/2011/08/30/duo-ascend-from-damn-show-to-daniel-tosh/ to http://redandblack.com/2011/08/30/duo-ascend-from-damn-show-to-daniel-tosh/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:33, 25 March 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Roger Black (actor). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130621090257/http://www.comedycentral.com/press/press_releases/2012/082112-brickleberry-premieres-sept-25.jhtml to http://www.comedycentral.com/press/press_releases/2012/082112-brickleberry-premieres-sept-25.jhtml

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:14, 15 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Roger Black (actor)


text:
Keeled skimmer

The keeled skimmer (Orthetrum coerulescens) is a species of dragonfly belonging to the family Libellulidae.

Distribution
The keeled skimmer is common in central and southern Europe, marginally entering into Russia, and in North Africa. It is locally common in western Britain and Ireland.

This species is present in Afghanistan; Albania; Algeria; Armenia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Finland; France; Georgia; Greece; Hungary; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Iraq; Ireland; Italy; Lebanon; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Montenegro; Morocco; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Syrian Arab Republic; Tunisia; Turkey; Ukraine; United Kingdom.

Habitat
The typical habitats ofOrthetrum coerulescens are pools and streams in acidic heath land, where it is sometimes seen alongside golden-ringed dragonflies.

Pools and streams in wet heathland sites are favoured.

Description
Orthetrum coerulescens can reach a body length of 40 - 44 mm. These dragonflies have a thorax with pale yellow ante-humeral stripes. In the males the color of these stripes fades with age. The abdomen is rather slim and shows an evident dorsal keel. Males have blue-grey eyes and a blue pruinescence on the abdomen, developed with age. Young males are yellow-brown. On the contrary some (androchrome) females at the end of the reproductive cycle assume the bluish color of the male. In the female the abdomen is yellowish-brown, with a thin median black line and small transverse lines to the connections of the various segments. The hyaline wings have yellow costa and a long yellow-brown pterostigma (about 4 mm). They are usually hold well forward at rest.

This species resembles the black-tailed skimmer but is smaller and slimmer and the male has no black tip. Females and immature males lack the black abdominal pattern.

Biology and behaviour
Adults fly (in the UK) from June to September. Its flight is quite skittish, with frequent hovering, and it lands often. It can fly quite a distance from water, despite its seemingly weak flight. When it perches, the wings are held forward. This species breed mainly in peat bogs. The mating lasts between 5 and 120 seconds. The mating wheel usually lands, but not always. After copulation and a short rest period on the side of the male, the female flies, followed by the male to the water and lays the eggs in flight by touching the surface of the water. The larvae develop in running water but also in stagnant waters (ponds, peat bogs, etc.). After five to six weeks, the larvae hatch. Their development cycle is estimated in two years.

title: Keeled skimmer


text:
Phil Brucato

Phil "Satyros" Brucato is an American writer, journalist, editor, and game designer based in Seattle, Washington. He is best known for his work on the TV series Strowlers and with White Wolf, Inc., including the role-playing games Mage: The Ascension, Werewolf: The Apocalypse, and Mage: The Sorcerers Crusade. He has also written articles for BBI Media's newWitch and Witches & Pagans magazines, as well as other media such as Deliria: Faerie Tales for a New Millennium, the urban fantasy webcomic Arpeggio, and various short stories. Additionally, he has founded Quiet Thunder Productions and is a member of the Wily Writers group.

Arpeggio Webcomic
Phil Brucato, Bryan Syme, and Sandra Buskirk began publishing Arpeggio in 2010. The story follows Meghan Susan Green, a young teenager, as she explores her magical musical talents. Although the comic was only produced between 2008 and 2012, Patreon users were able to access the final, previously unpublished "episodes" in 2015 and 2016.

Ravens in the Library
Ravens in the Library is a limited-edition fantasy anthology published in 2009 as part of a fundraiser for singer/songwriter S. J. Tucker, who had been hospitalized due to serious medical issues. Brucato co-edited this anthology with Sandra Buskirk, and it became their first publication through Quiet Thunder Productions. Contributing authors and illustrators include Laurell K. Hamilton, Terri Windling, Charles de Lint, Neil Gaiman, Francesca Lia Block, Holly Black, Stephanie Pui-Mun Law, James A. Owen, and Amy Brown.

Strowlers

 * Pilot

Deliria: Faerie Tales for a New Millennium

 * Goblin Markets: The Glitter Trade
 * Everyday Heroes: Adventures for the Rest of Us
 * Deliria: Faerie Tales for a New Millennium

White Wolf, Inc.

 * World of Darkness: Changing Breeds
 * The Swashbuckler's Handbook
 * Infernalism: The Path of Screams
 * Revelations of the Dark Mother
 * Destiny's Price
 * Vampire: The Masquerade, Revised Edition
 * Kindred of the East
 * Guide to the Technocracy
 * Mage: The Sorcerers Crusade
 * Bastet: Nine Tribes of Twilight
 * Tradition Book: Cult of Ecstasy
 * Vampire: The Dark Ages
 * Mage: The Ascension, 2nd Edition
 * The Fragile Path: Testaments of the First Cabal
 * Changeling: The Dreaming
 * Black Furies

Onyx Path Publishing

 * Mage 20th Anniversary Edition
 * Mage 20th Anniversary Edition: Quickstart
 * Mage 20th Anniversary Edition: How Do You DO That?
 * Mage 20th Anniversary Edition: Book of Secrets
 * Mage 20th Anniversary Edition: Book of the Fallen
 * The Art of Mage: 20 Years and More
 * Truth Beyond Paradox

Other role-playing works

 * The Best Little Hellhouse in Texas
 * Star Wars: Creatures of the Galaxy

Other notable works

 * Open Your Heart to the Magic of Love (editor)
 * Ravens in the Library
 * Love Wisdom: A Soul's Journey to Wellness (editor)
 * Rites of Pleasure: Sexuality in Wicca and Neo-Paganism
 * Tritone: Tales of Musical Weirdness

Wyldsight: Tales of Primal Fantasy

 * Waves
 * Gramma Wolf's Garden
 * Elynne Dragonchild
 * Drinking the Moon
 * Chaser

Where Thy Dark Eye Glances: Queering Edgar Allan Poe

 * The Lord's Greatest Jest

Deep Cuts: 19 Tales of Mayhem, Menace & Misery

 * Clown Balloons

Urban Green Man

 * Johnny Serious

Night-Mantled

 * I Feel Lucky

=== Maelstrom: Tales of Madness and Horror ===

 * The Green Tunnel

Cabinet des Fées

 * Drinking the Moon

Steampunk Tales

 * Stormada

newWitch Magazine

 * Vahlhalla with a Twist of Lethe

Bad-Ass Faeries

 * Loopholes

Weird Tales Magazine

 * Ravenous

Backstage Passes

 * Special Guest

When Will You Rage?

 * Shards

Drums Around the Fire

 * Patchbelly and the Plague Wolf

Wiley Writers Podcast

 * Chaser

Tinker Tailor Soldier Sponge

 * Don't be a Dick (with Satyros Brucato)

The Ancient Wisdom Salvage Yard Podcast

 * Episode 24: Wherein We Discover the Magick of Games

Ultraculture

 * Mage: The Ascension's Phil Brucato on Life as Magick

Books of M

 * Green Room Writing

Tarot Visions

 * Interview with Satyros Phil Brucato

Voice of Stone

 * Talking with Satyros Phil Brucato

Onyx Pathcast

 * Magic with a K

The Bears Grove (episodes 40-43)

 * Phil Brucato Interview

Witches & Pagans and newWitch Magazine

 * Spell It Out
 * Chalice & Keyboard

Realms of Fantasy

 * Folkroots

Creative Loafing Magazine

 * Footlights

Agenda Magazine

 * Sand, Not Oil

Night Moves Magazine

 * On Screen

Music
In 1989, Phil Brucato became a founding member of Lonesome Crow, a heavy metal band from Richmond, Virginia. Throughout the 90s, he played bass for Dark Cross, Aqua Blue, Widdershins, and Path of Trees. He has also dabbled in dance, especially contact improvisation, and is part of several 5Rhythms groups around San Francisco, Asheville, and Seattle.

Awards

 * ENnie Award for Everyday Heroes: Adventures for the Rest of Us – Best Written, 2005
 * Wizard Magazine Editor's Choice Award for Mage: The Sorcerers Crusade – Best RPG Supplement, 1998
 * Out of the Box Award for Mage: The Sorcerers Crusade – Readers’ Favorite, 1998
 * GAMA award for Mage: The Ascension, 2nd Edition – Best Roleplaying Game, 1996
 * RPGA award for Mage: The Ascension, 2nd Edition — Reader's Choice, 1996

title: Phil Brucato


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cillín J. Perera

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:09, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Cillín J. Perera
Vanity PhilipO 19:09, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP Actual true and verifiable example of extreme multiple citizenship. If world's tallest man and Jennifer 8. Lee are notable, why not this? (Unsigned comment by page creator at 84.73.7.39)
 * Comment: I have a hard time believing that four passports is an actual world record. It doesn't seem like it would be all that difficult. Is it actually that difficult? -Aranel (" Sarah ") 19:49, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed, I wouldn't think four would be the record. If it's "verifyable" (or "verifiable"), please do so.  Delete for now. Dcarrano 19:53, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * It is pretty difficult due to restrictions placed by governments on multiple citizenship. Also, over the last 10-20 years many governments have withdrawn citizenship rights purely for birth. This means that for the newer generations (those more likely to get two citizenships from parents), one needs to be born abroad in a country that still gives rights (UK, for example, DE, etc, don't) to two parents of different citizenships where both parent citizenships are be transferrable (some countries only transfer from the father or the mother), naturalize to a fourth, and have all four parties accept the arrangement. So, yes, it's not easy. And verifiable through Guinness, i believe. (Unsigned comment by page creator at 84.73.7.39)
 * see http://www.multiplecitizenship.com/personalexamples.html for a list of examples. (Unsigned comment by page creator at 84.73.7.39)
 * Comment: I fail to see what this page proves - it has no names, no statistics, no real hard facts. This page couldn't be considered a valuable reference or verification. Still Delete --PhilipO 21:41, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * ok, last comment. do a google on 'four citizenships', you get 5 claims. two of these include a chinese citizenship - china doesn't recognize dual citizenship. one of these contain an argentinian citizenship - argentina only recognizes dual with spain. one contains israel, jordan and palestine - palestine is not a recognized state. the final doesn't list the countries. there is nothing claiming 5 or 6. (Unsigned comment by page creator at 84.73.7.39)
 * Comment In any event, there is no way of verifying that you have four citizenships (apart from your statement). Verification usually requires a reference to a news source or reputable record. IMHO this is still a vanity page, created and mostly maintained by the author about himself. --PhilipO 23:16, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, after some research. If this information can be verified by an independent, reliable source, then Mr. Perera probably does deserve a mention in the article on multiple citizenship, but not an independent article unless he becomes particularly famous for it or does something else of interest. On a side note, to the author of the article: great first effort! Why don't you register an account and stick with us? If you are Mr. Perera, we could move this article to your user page. Also, you can sign your comments by typing ~ . Then we can tell who is talking to us. :) -Aranel (" Sarah ") 23:53, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Even if verifiable and true, big freakin' whoop. Delete obvious vanity. --Calton | Talk 00:50, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn vanity/no verification. --Etacar11 01:00, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable vanity. JamesBurns 08:39, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - self-promoting vanity, rather hard to verify from anywhere, has really done nothing of note - Skysmith 11:24, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I have a friend with 5: UK, Eire, European Union, South Africa and Australia. It is not hard to do.--Porturology 13:02, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Devanjedi

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG 19:09, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Hey you listed Mittagong for speedy deletion... my wife is from there! (Seriously!). Still you were justified and I deleted the article (had wrong naming convention anyway). Cheers Manning 02:03, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * Re creating an article... there is really nothing to say - it isn't even a one horse town. Maybe if they get a traffic light one day, but until then... Just thought the sheer randomness of deleting Mittagong was funny. Keep up the good work - Manning 02:11, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

Teruo Nakamura and Ladderhall VfD's
Hello. Please read Votes_for_deletion how to nominate articles for deletion. See the 3 step process at the end of the page. Thank you. Feydey 19:37, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

India related links
Hi. I thought you might be interested in these links.

--May the Force be with you! Shreshth91 ($ |-| r 3 $ |-| t |-|)  14:50, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Image licensing
Hi, Thanks for uploading Image:180px-IndiaVadodara.PNG. But you can't tag it as {{PD-self}}, since it was based on Image:India-states-map-blank.png. I have changed the license to {{gfdl}} to reflect that. Thanks. --Pamri • Talk • [ Reply] 06:31, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

Greetings
Greetings on India’s 57th Republic Day. --Bhadani 08:38, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

K Kapoor
Somebody had put it up for prod. I moved it partly because it is a convention but more because if put in AfD there is a good chance that it will get noticed and someone will expand it from being a one line article. Tintin (talk) 03:57, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

INCOTW
You voted for Indian cricket team, this week's Indian Colloboration of the Week. Please come and help it become a featured-standard article. - Ganeshk  ( talk ) 07:30, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

Sam Pitroda
A couple of days ago you deleted an article on Sam Pitroda on the basis of copyright violation. While parts of the article may have been in violation, there were many sections that I had contributed to that were not. I was wondering if you could reinstate the article as it was and I will work hard to make sure that all content in violation of any copyright will be dealt with. Thank you. DevanJedi 14:26, 14 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Don't worry about it; I am restoring it from Google's cache with major modifications (no copyright vio). DevanJedi 14:32, 14 April 2006 (UTC)
 * If you end up needing me to restore the article, let me know. It would be best, though, if you can create it without all the copyrighted text. Best,--Alabamaboy 14:49, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

Some help please
I have made edits to the Drama Filmstub. I see you have made many edits and conributions, if you wouldn't mind giving me feedback on mine, I would appreciate it. This was my first contribution. Thanks MoonKnight52 20:12, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Films coordinator elections
The WikiProject Films coordinator selection process is starting. We are aiming to elect five coordinators to serve for the next six months; if you are interested in running, please sign up here by March 28! Girolamo Savonarola (talk) 10:03, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

Notability of Thomas Vitolo
A tag has been placed on Thomas Vitolo requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article appears to be about a real person, organization (band, club, company, etc.), or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not indicate the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable. If this is the first page that you have created, then you should read the guide to writing your first article.

If you think that you can assert the notability of the subject, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the article (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the article's talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Aervanath lives in the Orphanage 19:14, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Films August 2008 Newsletter
The August 2008 issue of the Films WikiProject newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you. This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 23:46, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Films roll call and coordinator elections
Girolamo Savonarola (talk) 03:23, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Films coordinator elections - voting now open!
Girolamo Savonarola (talk) 22:43, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

WP:FILMS Questionnaire
As a member of WikiProject Films, you are invited to take part in the project's first questionnaire. It is intended to gauge your participation and views on the project. At the conclusion of the questionnaire, the project's coordinators will use the gathered feedback to find new ways to improve the project and reach out to potential members. The results of the questionnaire will be published in next month's newsletter. If you know of any editors who have edited film articles in the past, please invite them to take part in the questionnaire. Please stop by and take a few minutes to answer the questions so that we can continue to improve our project. Happy editing! This has been an automated delivery by BrownBot (talk) 03:14, 10 January 2009 (UTC)

File:Weaver bird nest.png listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Weaver bird nest.png, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Kelly hi! 23:43, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Compucards

The article Compucards has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Fails notability under the general notability guidelines, there are no reliable independent sources to provide notability.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Mrmatiko (talk) 18:40, 13 June 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:58, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Devanjedi


text:
Folkspartei

The Folkspartei (ייִדישע פֿאָלקספּאַרטיי, yidishe folkspartey, Jewish People's Party) was founded after the 1905 pogroms in the Russian Empire by Simon Dubnow and Israel Efrojkin. The party took part in several elections in Poland and Lithuania in the 1920s and 1930s and did not survive the Holocaust.

Ideology
According to the historian Simon Dubnow (1860-1941), Jews are a nation on the spiritual and intellectual level and should strive towards their national and cultural autonomy in the Jewish diaspora (Yiddish gales) in some way a secularized and modernized version of the Council of Four Lands under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He said, "How then should Jewish autonomy assert itself? It must, of course, be in full agreement with the character of the Jewish national idea. Jewry, as a spiritual or cultural nation, cannot in the Diaspora seek territorial or political separatism, but only a social or a national-cultural autonomy."

Close to the General Jewish Labour Bund for the emphasis on Yiddish and its culture, it differed from that party by its middle class, craftsmen and intellectual base, also because of its socioeconomic beliefs. According to Dubnov, Jewish assimilation was not a natural phenomenon and the Jewish political struggle should be centered on a Jewish autonomy based upon community, language and education, and not upon class struggle as advocated by Bundist theorists. It was a liberal party in economic matters, committed to political democracy and secularism.

Folkspartei in Ukraine
The Folkist Ya'akov Ze'ev Latsky ("Bertoldi") (former member of the Zionist Socialist Workers Party) was appointed Minister for Jewish Affairs in the Ukrainian People's Republic in April 1918, replacing Fareynikte Moishe Zilberfarb. He was succeeded by Abraham Revutzky of Poale Zion.

Folkspartei in Poland
A local organization and a newspaper, Warszawer Togblat (The Warsaw Daily), was set up in Warsaw in 1916 in order to contend for the municipal elections (under German occupation), where they gained 4 seats, including Noach Pryłucki, one of the founders of the party's newspaper, later renamed as 'Der Moment'. He was also elected at the 1919 Constituent Sejm, but had to resign due to a citizenship matter. In the 1922-27 Polish Parliament (Sejm) Noach Pryłucki was the only Folkist MP out of 35 Jewish MPs (25 Zionists, but no Bundist). He was elected on the list of the Bloc of National Minorities. The party split in 1927 between the Warsaw branch, led by Pryłucki, and the Vilnius (then a part of Poland) branch, led by Dr. Zemach Shabad, less hostile to Zionism than the Warsaw branch but more Yiddish-centered. After the split the party seems to have declined, with an attempt to revitalize it in Warsaw in 1935. At the 1936 Jewish community elections in Warsaw, the Folkspartei only got 1 seat out of 50, while the Bund got 15.

Folkspartei in Lithuania
Lawyer and banker Shmuel Landau (also spelled Landoi), later municipal councillor in Ponevezh (Lit. Panevėžys), was elected (or rather succeeded elected MP Naphtali Friedman, a nonpartisan lawyer, after his death) for the Folkspartei on a common Jewish electoral list (with the Zionist parties and Agudat Israel) at the first elected Lithuanian Parliament (Seimas) in 1920 when there were 6 Jewish parties deputies out of 112.

Vilnius (Vilne), where Jews formed the majority of the population, was incorporated into Poland in 1922–1939, and also sent at least one Folkist to the Polish Parliament (Sejm), Zemach Shabad (Szabad, 1864-1935).

The next elections (1922) were rigged against the Polish and Jewish minorities, but the Seimas was dissolved and another Folkist, the lawyer Oizer Finkelstein (also spelled Euser), was elected in 1923 on a national minorities bloc. In 1926, it ran with Zionist factions but in the same year, a coup d'état took place in Lithuania and the parliament was dissolved in 1927.

The Folkist newspaper in interwar Lithuania was the Folksblat, published in Kaunas.

title: Folkspartei


text: User talk:24.161.120.148

title: User talk:24.161.120.148


text:
Italian submarine Iride

Italian submarine Iride was a Perla-class submarine built for the Royal Italian Navy (Regia Marina) during the 1930s. Originally, she was named Iris until July 1936, but was renamed shortly before her launch.

Design and description
The Perla-class submarines were essentially repeats of the preceding Sirena-class submarine. The modifications that were made compared to the boats of the previous series were mostly of upgrade nature. Among them were enlargement of the false tower at the top, more modern engines, installation of a radiogoniometer that could be controlled from inside the ship. Improvements and the installation of new air conditioning equipment meant a slight increase in displacement, and increase in the fuel stowage also increased the autonomy of these boats compared to the previous series. Their designed full load displacement was 695 t surfaced and 855 t submerged, but varied somewhat depending on the boat and the builder. The submarines were 197 ft long, had a beam of 21 ft and a draft of 15 ft to 15 ft.

For surface running, the boats were powered by two diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft with overall power of 675 - 750 hp. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 400 hp electric motor. They could reach 14 kn on the surface and 7.5 kn underwater. On the surface, the Perla class had a range of 5200 nmi at 8 kn, submerged, they had a range of 74 nmi at 4 kn.

The boats were armed with six internal 53.3 cm torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern. One reload torpedo was carried for each tube, for a total of twelve. They were also armed with one 100 mm deck gun for combat on the surface. The light anti-aircraft armament consisted of one or two pairs of 13.2 mm machine guns.

In July 1940 Iride was retained by Decima Flottiglia MAS to be converted into a submarine to carry Siluro a Lenta Corsa (SLC) manned torpedoes. She was fitted with four SLC units, two placed side by side aft, and two on her bow, the submarine's deck gun was also removed to accommodate SLC units and the tower was modified to better adapt for the new role. These SLC cylinders were able to withstand depths up to 30 meters.

Construction and career
Iride was built by OTO at their shipyard in Muggiano, laid on 3 September 1935, launched on 30 July 1936 and completed on 6 November 1936.

After delivery, Iride was assigned to the 12th Squadron (I Submarine Group) based at La Spezia. After a brief training, in 1937 and 1938 she carried out long endurance cruises in the Dodecanese, Mediterranean Sea and around North African coast.

Iride secretly participated in the Spanish Civil War, being a part of two incidents that strained Italo-British relations. She carried out a mission from 24 August to 5 September 1937 under the command of Junio Valerio Borghese. On 26 August, Iride arrived at her designated area between Ibiza and Cape San Antonio. During the patrol she attempted attacks eight times, but only fired on two of those. In the evening of 29 August, she sighted a cargo ship heading towards Valencia, and attacked it twice, second time from 600 m, and both were unsuccessful. At 20:45 on 30 August 1937, while traveling on the surface, she sighted British destroyer HMS Havock (H43) steaming from Valencia to Gibraltar, and mistaking it for a Spanish naval ship of the Churruca-class destroyer, launched a 450 mm torpedo from 700 m at 20:52. Havock managed to avoid the torpedo with a sharp turn to the starboard, and then went on to search for the submarine using her sonar. However, the sonar showed a different position than where the submarine was sighted, and Havock proceeded to launch depth charges on the sonar location. British destroyers HMS Active (H14), HMS Hyperion (H97) and HMS Hotspur (H01), and a cruiser HMS Galatea (71) joined in, and continued the attack for nine hours. Iride hiding at a great depth managed to survive and did not sustain any serious damage. During the attack, she did accidentally surface and was identified by the British as an Italian submarine.

Following the incident, in September 1937 the Nyon Conference was called by France and Great Britain to address the "underwater piracy" conducted against merchant traffic in the Mediterranean Sea. On 14 September, an agreement was signed establishing British and French patrol zones around Spain (with a total of 60 destroyers and aircraft employed) to counteract aggressive behavior by submarines. Italy was not directly accused, but had to comply with the agreement and suspend the underwater operations.

Under pressure from Franco's regime, Italy decided to transfer four more submarines (in addition to ITALIAN SUBMARINE Archimede and ITALIAN SUBMARINE Evangelista Torricelli already being operated by the Falangists) to the Spanish Legion (Legión Española or Tercio de Extranjeros). Iride was one of the four boats chosen for the transfer. On 23 September 1937 Iride arrived at Soller on Mallorca. She was placed under the direct command of Spanish Admiral Francisco Moreno, was renamed Gonzalez Lopez and assigned pennant number L3. However, Iride retained her commander (captain Junio Valerio Borghese), senior officers and Italian crew, but they had to wear Spanish uniforms and insignia.

The other three Italian submarines transferred to Tercio were ITALIAN SUBMARINE Onice (Aguilar Tablada), ITALIAN SUBMARINE Galileo Galilei (General Mola II) and ITALIAN SUBMARINE Galileo Ferraris (General Sanjurjo II). All four were based at Soller. During her "legionary" career Iride carried out two missions, one in October 1937, leaving on 24 October and returning eight days later, and another one in January 1938, leaving on 14 January 1938 and finishing nine days later. During her second mission, Iride again patrolled along the Spanish coast, and attempted an attack twice, on 19 January and 22 January 1938, by launching four torpedoes, but both attacks were unsuccessful. In February 1938 she returned home, as Italy withdrew their submarines from Spanish service due to international pressure. Iride was assigned to 14th Squadron (I Submarine Group) based at La Spezia.

In 1938 and 1939 she spent time at the Red Sea base of Massawa together with ITALIAN SUBMARINE Onice and ITALIAN SUBMARINE Berillo. She returned to Italy in 1939 and was assigned to 13th Squadron (I Submarine Group) based at La Spezia.

After Italy's entrance into the war, Iride under command of captain Francesco Brunetti on 14 June 1940 was deployed on her first war mission to patrol off Toulon. She returned to La Spezia after a few days without sighting any enemy vessels. During her second mission, on 23 June, Iride while patrolling in the Gulf of Lion, sighted a ship travelling to Marseille. She launched two torpedoes but failed to hit the target.

In July 1940 Iride was chosen for conversion to SLC submarine to attempt the first attack against British naval base in Alexandria. Work was finished in early August, and on 12 August 1940 Iride departed La Spezia and after a brief stop in Trapani on 16 August, reached the Bay of Menelao in the Gulf of Bomba of the coast of Cyrenaica together with torpedo boat ITALIAN TORPEDO BOAT Calipso, which carried the SLC crew, and the support ship Monte Gargano. During the night of 21 August the SLCs were loaded onto the submarine's deck, and a test navigation were to be carried out the next morning. A reconnaissance plane flew by in the morning of 22 August 1940 and spotted Italian ships in the bay. Around noon three Fairey Swordfish torpedo bombers from the aircraft carrier HMS Eagle (1918) that were temporarily based at Maaten Baggush airfield in the western desert were launched and attacked Iride and the other ships while they were performing a diving test with four human torpedoes. One of the aircraft released a torpedo from about 200 m and after a few seconds Iride got hit amidships, broke in two, and quickly sank in 15 meters of water, followed shortly by Monte Gargano which was also hit by a torpedo.

The flight leader, Captain Oliver Patch, Royal Marines, sank Iride, while John Wellham and Lieutenant Neville Cheesman attacked the other two ships. A few crew members were rescued with the support of the human torpedo operators; most died in the sinking. John Wellham, low on fuel and wounded, returned to his desert base and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. Patch received the Distinguished Service Order, while Cheesman, Sub-Lieutenant Frederick Stovin-Bradford and Acting Sub-Lieutenant Gordon Woodley also received the Distinguished Service Cross, and Petty Officer Alfred Marsh the Distinguished Service Medal. Patch and Wellham would later fly in the attack on Italian fleet at Taranto harbour.

While examining the wreckage, operators discovered that two non-commissioned officers and seven sailors were still alive trapped in one of the aft compartments of the submarine. The situation was critical: the compartment was slowly flooding and the escape door was jammed distorted by the explosion. After several hours of work, all seven men managed to get to the surface with the help of divers, two men died because they did not follow the instructions. Of the seven survivors two sailors died later of embolism. Overall, Iride lost 35 men (3 officers, 9 non-officers and 23 sailors) with 17 survivors. All four SLCs were recovered with minor damage, and brought back to La Spezia by Calipso. The first assault operation had ended in disaster.

title: Italian submarine Iride


text:
Florida Statutes

The Florida Statutes are the codified, statutory laws of Florida; it currently has 49 titles. A chapter in the Florida Statutes represents all relevant statutory laws on a particular subject. The statutes are the selected reproduction of the portions of each session law, which are published in the Laws of Florida, that have general applicability.

While the legislature may create specific chapters, the Florida Office of Legislative Services' Division of Statutory Revision has the final authority to determine where the legislation will be codified and the location of the sections within the chapters. Some laws do not appear in the statutes where the bill identifies their placement.

Since 1999, the Florida Statutes have been published annually. Before then, they were published biannually following each odd-year regular session, and a supplement was published following each even-year regular session. The practice of publishing the Florida Statutes every other year was a relic of when the Florida Legislature, prior to 1969, met only in odd-numbered years.

Titles of the Florida Statutes

 * Title I: Construction of Statutes (Chapters 1–2)
 * Title II: State Organization (Chapters 6–8)
 * Title III: Legislative Branch; Commissions (Chapters 10–13)
 * Title IV: Executive Branch (Chapters 14–24)
 * Title V: Judicial Branch (Chapters 25–44)
 * Title VI: Civil Practice and Procedure (Chapters 45–88)
 * Title VII: Evidence (Chapters 90–92)
 * Title VIII: Limitations (Chapters 95)
 * Title IX: Electors and Elections (Chapters 97–107)
 * Title X: Public Officers, Employees, and Records (Chapters 110–122)
 * Title XI: County Organization and Intergovernmental Relations (Chapters 124–164)
 * Title XII: Municipalities (Chapters 165–185)
 * Title XIII: Planning and Development (Chapters 186–191)
 * Title XIV: Taxation and Finance (Chapters 192–221)
 * Title XV: Homestead and Exemptions (Chapter 222)
 * Title XVI: Teachers' Retirement System; Higher Educational Facilities Bonds (Chapters 238–243)
 * Title XVII: Military Affairs and Related Matters (Chapters 250–252)
 * Title XVIII: Public Lands and Property (Chapters 253–274)
 * Title XIX: Public Business (Chapters 279–290)
 * Title XX: Veterans (Chapters 292–296)
 * Title XXI: Drainage (Chapter 298)
 * Title XXII: Ports and Harbors (Chapters 308–315)
 * Title XXIII: Motor Vehicles (Chapters 316–325)
 * Title XXIV: Vessels (Chapters 326–328)
 * Title XXV: Aviation (Chapters 329–333)
 * Title XXVI: Public Transportation (Chapters 334–349)
 * Title XXVII: Railroads And Other Regulated Utilities (Chapters 350–368)
 * Title XXVIII: Natural Resources; Conservation, Reclamation, and Use (Chapters 369–380)
 * Title XXIX: Public health (Chapters 381–408)
 * Includes 394.451-394.47891, Baker Act
 * Title XXX: Social Welfare (Chapters 409–430)
 * Title XXXI: Labor (Chapters 435–452)
 * Title XXXII: Regulation of Professions and Occupations (Chapters 454–493)
 * Title XXXIII: Regulation of Trade, Commerce, Investments, and Solicitations (Chapters 494–560)
 * Title XXXIV: Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco (Chapters 561–569)
 * Title XXXV: Agriculture, Horticulture, and Animal Industry (Chapters 570–604)
 * Title XXXVI: Business Organizations (Chapters 606–623)
 * Title XXXVII: Insurance (Chapters 624–651)
 * Title XXXVIII: Banks and Banking (Chapters 655–667)
 * Title XXXIX: Commercial Relations (Chapters 668–688)
 * Title XL: Real and Personal Property (Chapters 689–723)
 * Title XLI: Statute of Frauds, Fraudulent Transfers, and General Assignments (Chapters 725–727)
 * Title XLII: Estates and Trusts (Chapters 731–739)
 * Title XLIII: Domestic Relations (Chapters 741–753)
 * Title XLIV: Civil Rights (Chapters 760–765)
 * Title XLV: Torts (Chapters 766–774)
 * Title XLVI: Crimes (Chapters 775–896)
 * Title XLVII: Criminal Procedure and Corrections (Chapters 900–985)
 * Title XLVIII: K-20 Education Code (Chapters 1000–1013)
 * Title XLIX: Parental Rights (Chapter 1014)

Topics

 * Capital punishment in Florida
 * Felony murder rule (Florida)
 * Gun laws in Florida
 * LGBT rights in Florida
 * Florida property law

title: Florida Statutes