text:
Talk:Robert Baer

Political Leanings
From Robert Baer page (emphasized text mine):

 * Despite his political leanings, Baer often makes observations that support both conservative and liberal viewpoints.

What are is political leanings? --ErikStewart 18:50, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * maybe he doesn't play the party game - wouldn't that be great!! www.mollymagdalain.com

 * I just finished reading See No Evil. Baer makes no mention of his political leanings; he seems pretty neutral--equally disgusted with both parties, that that is.--Daveswagon 11:21, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

But the article, which has made no mention of his political leanings, seems to expect us to know what they are. That sentance needs re-writing.

What the article really expects the reader to understand is that members of the U.S. Intelligence community are supposedly "Apolitical" because they are not policy makers per se but rather just collectors of information.

 * The ignorance implied by that statement is mind-boggling. Which former chairman of the Republican National Committee was appointed DCIA?  Hint: "41".  Individual employees all have their leanings, some say largely liberal, but I have no information to support that.

They are "supposed" to be Apolitiical but it is a bit naive to assume they are. How many former intelligence officers have made profitable second careers as demagogues?

I agree that the sentence ought to be rewritten. Whether or not Baer is neutral, fair-minded, issue-oriented, etc., it remains that the sentence ("Despite his political leanings") does assume that Baer has political leanings which the reader is aware of. If not, it would make more sense to lop off the opening clause and let the sentence stand as "Baer often makes observations that support both conservative and liberal viewpoints."

In addition, there should be a discussion of the Tamraz affair, which was certainly a major event in Baer's career, and links to related articles. (There are links from Tamraz to this, but not the other way around.) Juglice25A 17:47, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

I have seen Bob Baer on Australian TV last night, in a Syriana promotion. I have a problem with 'political leanings'. Maybe he prefers to be issue focussed rather than studying a party line and then follow that, come rain or high water? I consider myself an issue focussed person, as opposed to ideology aligned.

It should be noted that Syriana is very loosely based on See No Evil. In fact the movie plot appears to be different than the "plot" of the book.

 * Movie different from book? Shocking.  Stop the presses!

Having recently read See No Evil and Sleeping With the Devil, I count myself amoung the Baer neophytes. I feel almost too eager to accept all of his criticisms of the CIA and US foreign policy without question. But then again, I've only heard his side of the story. Does anyone have a credible critique of Baer?

_____

Yes, you should read The CIA at War by Ron Kessler. Unfortunately you'll find your self questioning his thoughts on Baer as his work reads as a praise of everything Baer found disconcerting about the CIA.

The CIA at War referring to Robert Baer
After reading the last comments here I went to the library and checked out The CIA at War by Ronald Kessler to read his comments about Baer. There's about 4 pages where Kessler mostly discusses the failed plot against Saddam Hussein in 1995. The few pages are interesting to see how the other side felt about Baer's opinion, also why there was no backing for the plot. Kessler quotes George Tenet several times labeling Baer as a 'cowboy', and basically describes him as a descendent of old school CIA who planned assassinations and toppling governments. (My words, not his.)

There was no support for the plot because (even Baer mentions this) the 'plan had been compromised' due to Chalabi's forged letter concerning a Robert Pope (also mentioned in See No Evil). There appeared to be no support for the plot in Washington, but also a belief that Baer was doing all he could to support it. Washington didn't believe the plot would succeed and Baer's reputation as a 'cowboy' didn't help.

Baer's cowboyism makes him a better read, but it also feels more honest than Kesslers party line. The majority of reviews for The CIA at WAR on Amazon.com (for what they're worth) are not very glowing. --Labajas 01:47, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

Russia House
There is some speculation that Bob Baer is the model for the CIA agent "Bob" in John Le Carre's novel Russia House. Jake b 02:11, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

Other interviews
Baer is being interviewed in the two french documentaries, The world according to Bush and CIA: Secret wars (which are among the best documentaries i have ever seen). I think they should be mentioned. --85.226.201.208 00:29, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

List
I added the list tag because it doesn't seem well orginized and is like reading a long list. Tyler Gothier 15:11, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

Baer's views on the death of Osama Bin Laden
Hi,

What about including Robert Baer's views on the death of Osama Bin Laden?

www.prisonplanet.com/flashback-former-cia-operative-of-course-bin-laden-is-dead.html

ChrisH48 (talk) 12:44, 25 May 2011 (UTC)

Comment on revert
Dear Mr Sclossberg or whoever is on duty.

Slow: it took you 1.5 hours to revert.

I know I'm right and you are wrong.

This fact is addeec to my list of "Criminal Intelligence Agency" criminality.

Get real! You lost.

C — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.189.176.241 (talk) 17:42, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

Gaps in info
Seen him last night in the docu 'Shadows of Liberty' (docfactory, GB) and wondered how his activities would tally with what I have heard about the CIA, which they call 'omerta' (forgot how to do the accent on the a) in Italy. They are sworn to secrecy; some are killed or ruined for telling, but here he is having his own international glasnost festival. It is somewhat inconceivable that he does not have permission from Langley and in this case he'd only tell what's allowed - or disinformation, or some of these, or all of these in a variation of mixtures. While it is all very interesting and seemingly sheds some light on the mysteries that we've been wondering about, I personally wonder if what we get is what there is.

Curious also, that there's no father in the bio. Well, maybe better no father than a disinformation father when the real father may have also been in some service. Curious further: 'He spent many years of his childhood with his mother in Europe before returning to the US.' What would one live on in this instance? I lived 'in Europe' (where?) at the time and I can tell you that it was expensive to live there, rent, food, gas, etc. An American woman and a kid would have stuck out like a sore thumb, unless of course she worked for CIA, including AID, or the forces, or in Bonn. There may be nothing mysterious, but whatever someone says now is hardly believable after obscuring it. I just hate it when people write about someone 'living in xyz', spending 'years in whatsitsname' and not saying where rent and bread came from. There could be rich relatives, working, working the streets with little packages or selling your own body, benefactors, or ....... It's simply incomplete info leaving those gaps. 144.136.192.55 (talk) 04:20, 13 May 2013 (UTC)

Verification
As nearly as I can tell, all the information in this article, when tracked back, originated with Robert Baer.

Has anyone come across any verification that Robert Baer was ever in the CIA? 96.60.219.172 (talk)

Citations needed in some sections
There are some sections that have no citations at all. For example, "Early Life" has no citations and "Career" is a long section with only two citations. "Books and Media" also has no citations and while some of the information can be verified elsewhere, for example checking with imdb provides verification that Syriana is based on Baer's book(s) as well as of the Golden Globe and Academy Awards. However, a factual assertion like this is not easily verified:

 * To better resemble Baer, Clooney gained weight. When Baer learned of this, he was inspired to get back into shape.

Ileanadu (talk) 03:21, 13 January 2015 (UTC)

Targeting
Please add a section on the frequent targeting briefings given on CNN by Bob Baer, to earn his CNN consulting fees. As repeatly on CNN, Bob Baer, AND all the other e.g. former military generals CNN military intel advisors, will do this. They will spell out in detail what and how they would be targeting US targets if they were terrorists. And they might reply all we say is well known to any terrorist; but in fact, many e.g. lone actors e.g. here in USA (we have seen do massive attacks both here and e.g in Nice, France) are NOT trained global terrorists and all this targeting info by CNN and its CNN advisors, clearly PUTS IN THE CROSS HAIRS, US Citizens, US targets. And you can quickly come up with a nice descriptive term for anyone giving such a targeting briefing to terrorists, it would be obvious trait**, doncha think, Mr Baer. al karashi al saud sr 24.44.215.132 (talk) 07:13, 7 August 2016 (UTC)

Timber Sycamore
Baer continues to support aid to the supposed moderates in Syria. The absence of a section dealing with his role in the creation, arming and the generation of political support for these supposed moderates is regrettable, given these "moderates" record in terms of genocidal violence against minority groups in Syria and Iraq. This is important because Baer's understanding of the region is debatable were he ignorant of their motives, ideology and methods.

?
(1960s)...travelled through Europe and Russia - ? - Seems not very likely. And, what "Russia" ? --88.217.98.122 (talk) 09:01, 28 December 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 09:22, 6 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Robert baer.png

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Fake News in the article de:Robert Baer in the German version of Wikipedia

 * Robert Baer never wrote a book The Secret of the White house'],
 * The unreliable source Telepolis was used, which reproduced a fabricated interview. (Der Staat Jugoslawien stand dem strategischen Entwurf der USA im Wege Ex-CIA-Agent Robert Baer über die Strategien der CIA während des Jugoslawien-Krieges)
 * Like some other propaganda websites Secrets of the White House - Confession of a CIA Agent, azvizion.az, 24 December 2015
 * A fictional interview with a former CIA agent has been circulating in the Balkans for a decade, Raskrinkavanje.ba (BiH), seecheck.org, March 24, 2023
 * "Cupurdija claimed that he interviewed Baer in Canada, where he was promoting the book “The secret of the White House”. Baer never wrote or promoted such a book, nor was he in Canada at the time the interview was published. On the other hand, Baer did publish several books about his experiences working for this agency, in which he never claimed anything close to what the obscure author of the fake interview wrote. Finally, Robert Baer confirmed for Raskrinkavanje that he never gave the said interview." Intervju sa Robertom Baerom - Kraj Jugoslavije	PDF	Štampa	El. pošta, Napisao Miloš Ćupurdija, četvrtak, 06 septembar 2012 --Noebse (talk) 17:06, 29 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robert Baer


text:
Talk:Nationalist Movement

Would someone associated with this group please check Talk:Crosstar and address the issues that have been raised? Thanks. Schrei 19:38, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

Use of crosstar image in article
A couple days ago I added an image of the crosstar insignia to this article which I had uploaded and was using under fair use guidelines. I believe that the inclusion of the crosstar image in this article is valid and useful for our readers. The user Crosstar, however, removed the image, citing copyright concerns. Does anyone else feel that the use of the crosstar image here is in violation of applicable copyright laws? Kaldari 00:48, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't feel there's anything wrong with what you did, and besides I find to be an eye soar! --Gramaic | Talk 01:53, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It is a logo, which may be used under the Fair Use rule. Further, the purported copyright holder gave explicit permission in a comment and implicit permission by uploading the original image. -Willmcw 09:02, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

I have also uploaded a color version of the logo, which is not taken from the Crosstar website. Kaldari 23:06, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

editing
I edited much of the article, which appears to have been copied from the organizations web-page. I'm new to editing Wikipedia, and would appreciate any input. -Rusty
 * Looks like you've done a great job so far. Thanks! Kaldari 03:31, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

1989 King Day events
Calling this the "largest call-up of National Guard in peacetime" is a gross exaggeration. According to the New York Times, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DEEDA1E3BF931A15752C0A96F948260 there was a grand total of 900 National Guard present. Which is roughly equal to the number present at the Kent_State_shootingsin 1970 and far less than the 2,000 mobilized during the LA_Riotsof 1992.

Barrett and his friends are prone to self-aggrandizement to put it mildly. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.191.153.118 (talk) 00:49, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

Question
How can something be both "Mississippi-based" and "headquartered in Wisconsin -- in the same introductory sentence, no less? There may well be sound reasons behind both designations, but it cannot realistically be simultaneously both of those things.  It's not like it's a New York or California-based for-profit corporation chartered in Delaware as an acknowledged legal fiction for tax purposes.  68.52.120.72 (talk) 20:29, 29 October 2013 (UTC)

Link their site
The fact you won't link any nationalist websites shows what disingenuous and biased charlatans you are. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.241.60.146 (talk) 21:49, 23 March 2020 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Nationalist Movement


text:
GWR 1361 Class

The 1361 Class were small steam locomotives built by the Great Western Railway at their Swindon Works, England, mainly for shunting in docks and other sidings where track curvature was too tight for large locomotives.

History
The 1361 Class were designed by George Jackson Churchward as an update of the 1392 Class, originally built in 1874 for the Cornwall Minerals Railway. As such they combined unusual and outdated elements, such as saddle tanks and Allan valve gear, with current Great Western details such as the cab, bunker and many minor fittings. G.W.R. were generally being converted to have Belpaire fireboxes and pannier tanks by this date, but the firebox on the 1361 was round topped, so the saddle tank was more appropriate. The 11 ft wheelbase allowed them to negotiate 2 chain radius curves, a feature necessary for their intended duties in docks and on lightly laid branch lines. Although, as is conventional, the design is credited to the C.M.E., Harold Holcroft was the junior draughtsman who did all the actual work on the class.

The five locomotives were built at Swindon in 1910 and were set to work alongside the ex-Cornwall Minerals Railway locomotives. Their usual home was Plymouth Millbay, Devon, (later Laira shed) from where they worked in Millbay Docks and on the Sutton Harbour branch. Until 1928 some of the locomotives could also be found at St Blazey engine shed, Cornwall, where they worked on ex-Cornwall Minerals Railway branches, and also at Moorswater for working the Looe branch.

In 1920 one locomotive was transferred to Newton Abbot, Devon, for shunting the railway workshops there, a duty that was to continue until 1952. Other allocations were Taunton (1953–1961) for working at Bridgwater, Somerset, (again, mainly in the town's docks), and Swindon (1956–1961). One was tried briefly on the Weymouth Harbour Tramway in 1949, and another went to St Philips Marsh, Bristol in 1962.

The same basic design was used for the six 1366 Class locomotives built in 1934, but this time they were fitted with Belpaire fireboxes, pannier tanks and more modern cabs. When the 1361s were withdrawn their remaining duties were given to D2000 diesel shunters. All 5 locomotives served over 50 years of service.

Preservation
One member of the 1361 class, No. 1363, was purchased for preservation by a group of members from the Great Western Society in 1964, two years after it was withdrawn from British Railways service at Laira. It was run to Totnes on the South Devon Railway under its own steam, and was restored there. No. 1363 is based at the Didcot Railway Centre, and as of 2014 was dismantled for overhaul to working order.

Models
Kernow Model Rail Centre announced plans in 2014 to manufacture an 00 gauge model of the 1361 class in conjunction with DJ Models. The model is being made in partnership with the Great Western Society at Didcot. Heljan models announced in 2015 plans to also manufacture a model of this class. Both manufacturers are offering the same livery variants (in some cases on the same locomotive modelled), and similar prices. Heljan's model was released in early 2017 in conjunction with a GWR 1366 class. Kernow's model, produced by DJ Models, was released in March 2018. Both models are manufactured in China. An 0 gauge model kit is produced by Agenoria, now marketed by Ragstone Models.

title: GWR 1361 Class


text:
Talk:Awake (L'Arc-en-Ciel album)

Formatting
I hate to step on toes, but this discussion page is in serious need of some organization. If you're posting a new discussion, please separate it from the previous ones by titling it and surrounding the title with two equal signs (=). If you're replying to a previous statement, indent your paragraphs with a colon to separate your reply from the original argument.

Finally, please sign comments with four tildes (~).

If you're confused, just refer to previous posts or wikipedia's help pages.

Thank you!

--Phemeral 05:54, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

Capitalization Debate
@Mel Etitis: I looked at the WikiProject for album and they have everything there about credits for each song. Maybe you think it's too detailed, or what? Could you please tell me why you always want to undo everything I do? It's getting very frustrating. I gave up on using ~ and now this business. Also, the capitalization of songs isn't just on stylized album covers. It's everwhere from online stores to their official site.

--XGSRPG 18:52, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, it's much too detailed I'd have said (compare other albums). Personnel should be given for the album, but it's repetitive and unnecessary to give the details for each track.
 * As for the peculiar capitalisation — most shops have automated systems, so make no decisions about these things — the album appears on one exactly as it appears on the others. The capitalisations look purely typographic and arbitrary; as I've seen exactly the same thing on most other Japanese (and some Korean & Chinese) albums, I'm pretty certain that it's not a particular "artistic" decision made by this band.
 * Given that the sites I've seen are full of appalling mistakes in English syntax, style, etc., I'm reluctant to follow them as arbiters of the correct approach. Given that the people who wrote most of them seem simply to have copied the titles from the album covers, it's unsurprising that they all follow the same typography.  I couldn't get any information from the official sites; they were all too crippled by Java-gimmickry.
 * (I also strongly suspect that some of the song titles are mistaken translations, but I've left them as they were when I found them.)
 * Also, when you change things you do it only part-way; you don't check for consistency with other articles, or between article and text, and, if I remember correctly, when you moved articles you didn't check for double redirects, etc.
 * As I spent a lot of time painstakingly editing these articles out of the messes they were before, I'm (I hope understandably) reluctant to let someone simply waltz in and undo all my work. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 22:44, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * About the capitalization, English (as you should know) is NOT the main language in Japan. Because of this, capitalization actually means something, and actually IS an artistic decision, since to them captilaztion means zilch. And about undoing work, is your work deleting other people's work? That doesn't sound like "work" to me, after I sat in front of my computer typing in all the personnel and details for each track. Other albums had details for each track and personnel, so I was trying to do Wikipedia a favor and bring the article up the level of others. Deleting people's honest work (unless it's vandalism, false, etc) is not a good way to motivate a community. --XGSRPG 23:37, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

But English is the language of this encyclopædia, and capitalisation means something here. Unless there's very good reason, its meaning should be respected. Apparently random capitalisation might make "artistic" sense to this band (though I'm not convinced), but it just looks messy and difficult to follow to a native English speaker.

Your work on the personnel is still in the history; all you need to do is retrieve it and turn it into a single section of the article. (Which other album articles have the complete personnel after each track?) --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 08:45, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Musical Critique
I have to dispute the claim that "AWAKE" has more lush arrangements then "SMILE". As a musician and music fan, this simply isn't true. Neither is really more 'lush' or 'advanced' then the other. If you want to split hairs, every song on "SMILE" features multi-layered insturments, be it keyboards, xylophones, synths, etc.-- The same can't be said for some of the "AWAKE" tracks, which is largely driven by producer tricks and standard crunch riffs on "AS ONE" and "Killing Me". I believe the following sentence should be omitted as such, as it is largely an amatuer, fan driven opinion rather then actual, refuteable fact:

"This album contrasts heavily with Smile, presenting songs with very lush arrangements rather than the straightforward rock sound present in Smile." --Crow winters 21:47, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

L'Arc~en~Ciel or L'Arc-en-Ciel
I'm changing the hyphens to ~. Enough said and disputed for all. That is final, if anyone is going to insist and change it back to hyphens, you are just wasting your time. I will continue changing it to ~, as it is suppose to be.

minkyparfait 06:07, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:AWAKE.jpg
Image:AWAKE.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 18:58, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Why is this deleted?
As a non-japanese speaker I was checking the discography of the band and when I got to this album I got redirected to band's main page. I understand that it was deleted due to something called WP:NALBUM. The criteria for NON deleting seem to include 1) the album being in any country's charts and the japanese version of the page shows that the album topped several japanese charts 2) winning certified gold or higher in any country and this one got platinum 3) appearing in non-self made publications including newspaper and the japanese version cites many of these. Why was this deleted then? 37.163.54.194 (talk) 14:57, 18 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Awake (L'Arc-en-Ciel album)


text:
Gateside, Fife

Gateside is a small village in the north east of Fife, Scotland. It is inhabited by around 200 people. It also comprises a school (which is currently closed due to lack of primary aged pupils to attend), a park, seven-a-side football pitch, there used to be a village shop, and a pub (The Gateside Inn) which has now been converted into a private residence, the Gateside Memorial Hall and a garage (the Minimart). Gateside won a Tesco Magazine competition in 2012 and was named the "Friendliest Street in the UK." The River Eden runs through the village, which flows to Guardbridge and then into the North Sea. The nearest city is Perth.

title: Gateside, Fife


text:
John Strachey (civil servant)

Sir John Strachey (5 June 1823 – 19 December 1907) was a British civil servant and writer in India who served as Lieutenant-Governor of the North-Western Provinces from 1874 to 1876. He was briefly acting Governor-General in February 1872 (following Lord Mayo's assassination), before being replaced by the more appropriate Lord Napier who acted for the remainder of time until Lord Northbrook arrived.

Life
The fifth son of Edward Strachey, second son of Sir Henry Strachey, 1st Baronet, he was born in London, England. After passing through the East India Company College, Strachey entered the Bengal civil service in 1842, and served in the North-Western Provinces, occupying a number of important positions. His brother was Sir Richard Strachey.

In 1861, Lord Canning appointed him president of a commission to investigate the great cholera epidemic of that year. In 1862 he became judicial commissioner in the Central Provinces. In 1864, after the report of the royal commission on the sanitary condition of the army, a permanent sanitary commission was established in India, with Strachey as president. In 1866, he became Chief Commissioner of Oudh, having been chosen by Lord Lawrence to remedy as far as possible the injustice done after the Indian rebellion of 1857 by the confiscation of the rights of tenants and small proprietors of land, maintaining at the same time the privileges of the Talukdars of great landlords. As member of the legislative council he introduced several bills for that purpose, which, with the full approval of the Talukdars, passed into law.

In 1868, Stratchey became a member of the governor-general's council, and on the assassination of Lord Mayo in February 1872 he acted temporarily as Viceroy and Governor-General. After only several weeks, he was replaced by, the more apt and competent, Lord Napier, who acted until the officially appointed Lord Northbrook arrived in May. In 1874 he was appointed lieutenant-governor of the North-Western Provinces. In 1876, by request of Lord Lytton and the secretary of state, he consented to relinquish that office, and returned to the governor-general's council as financial minister, which post he retained until 1880.

During this time, while Lord Lytton was viceroy, important reforms were carried out. The measures for decentralizing financial administration, initiated under Lord Mayo, were practically completed. The salt duties were reduced, and the system under which they were levied was altered, and that opprobrium of the administration, the inland customs line, was abolished. The removal of all import duties, including those on English cotton goods, and the establishment of complete free trade, was declared to be the fixed policy of the government, and this was in great measure carried into effect before 1880, when Strachey left India.

The system under which military accounts were kept occasioned an erroneous estimate of the cost of the Second Afghan War of 1878–80. For this error Strachey was technically responsible; it was made the occasion of a partisan attack, which resulted in his resignation. From 1885 to 1895 Strachey was a member of the council of the Secretary of State for India. He died in 1907.

Works
Strachey was joint author with his brother Lt-Gen Sir Richard Strachey of The Finances and Public Works of India (1882), besides writing India (3rd ed., 1903), and Hastings and the Rohilla War (1892). He also planned and designed the construction of The Rail-cum-Road Bridge on River Yamuna in Agra. He didn't get to see the completion of the Arch Bridge as he died in 1907. The bridge was completed in 1908, taking 10 years to complete since its construction commenced in 1898. The 1024 m bridge was named after John Strachey as Strachey Bridge. It is still functional even being 112 years old carrying trains in Agra Cantonment Railway Station on Delhi - Bhopal Main line to Tundla Junction Railway station in Delhi - Howrah Main Line.

Family
Strachey married Katherine Batten, daughter of Joseph Batten, Principal of the East India Company College, on 9 October 1856, and they had eight children. They included Sir Arthur Strachey (1858–1901), judge in India. Their daughter Winifred married Hugh Shakespear Barnes.

Legacy
Strachey was a great patron of the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, Aligarh. The Strachey Hall in Aligarh Muslim University is named after him.

In the Agra Fort there is a tablet commemorating Strachey’s efforts in the conservation of Mughal architecture. The tablet is located in the south-east corner of the Machchi Bhawan ('Fish Quarters'), very close to the Saman Burj (Jasmine Tower), from which Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan gazed east across the River Yamuna to his creation, the Taj Mahal. The tablet reads:

In grateful commemoration of services rendered to posterity by the Honorable Sir John Strachey G.C.S.I. to whom, not forgetting the enlightened sympathy and timely care of others India is mainly indebted for the rescued and preserved beauty of the Taj Mahal and other famous monuments of the ancient art and history of provinces formerly administered by him This tablet is placed by order of his friend the Earl of Lytton Viceroy and Governor General of India A.D. 1880

During his period as Lieutenant-Governor of the North-Western Provinces Strachey directed restoration of the Machchi Bhawan and the nearby Diwan-i-Am (Hall of Audience), which had been subject to looting by the East India Company in the early British colonial period.

title: John Strachey (civil servant)


text:
User:Memes

If you want to know more, please look at the Chinese version. zh:User:Memes

title: User:Memes


text:
File:Mariah Make It Happen.jpg

Summary
Cover for the Mariah Carey single "Make It Happen" (1992). Image copyright is owned by Columbia Records.

Rationale of fair use for Make It Happen
The image Image: is being linked here; though the picture is originally copyright, I (Extraordinary Machine 20:37, 9 July 2006 (UTC)) feel it is covered by fair use because:

 * 1) No free or public domain images have been located for this single.
 * 2) The image is of lower resolution than the original cover. Copies made from it will be of inferior quality, and could not be used as artwork on illegal vinyl or CD copies of the single.
 * 3) The image does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the single in any way.
 * 4) For an article about a single, the cover artwork is arguably one of the most important images that could be included. This is the artwork, intended by Columbia Records for wide distribution. As such, it has future historical significance, and is a more appropriate choice than any other image available.
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Category:Charlotte, North Carolina

This category lists articles dealing with Charlotte, North Carolina and its metro area.

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Talk:Jet Jaguar

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I removed the following from the article, as I felt it was quite unencyclopedic and not very well written.

He was originaly meant to be a household helper until he was taken over by the Seatopians. The Seatopians used Jet Jaguar to guide Megalon to Tokyo but thanks to a counter control devise, the humans got Jet Jaguar again and sent him to get Godzilla. While Godzilla swam to where Megalon was, Jet Jaguar programed himself for survival and grew to monster-size to hold Megalon until Godzilla came. But Gigan came and helped Megalon get Jet Jaguar but Godzilla came and Godzilla and Jet Jaguar Fought Megalon and Gigan and won. After that, Jet Jaguar whent back to normal.

Jet Jaguar has two main powers. One is flight and the other is growth. Jet Jaguar can grow from six feet to sixty meters tall. During Flight, Jet Jaguar exstands out of his head two antenas to have the humans track his every move. Jet Jaguar has two cameras in his head so he can see where he is going.

Teklund 18:54, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Jet Jaguar to me was the First Power Ranger

Removed "Jet Jaguar is not popular with fans, who often use him as a mascot for the 'cheesy, childish' side of the Godzilla series," as it is an unsubstatiated opinion.

While the following line is funny as hell I had to remove it: An 11-year-old named Sean Bridges is planning a movie featuring Jet Jaguar fighting Oodako, aptly entitled Jet Jaguar vs. Oodako. This would be the first Gojira film to not have Gojira in it and the second to be American-made (the first being Godzilla).

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Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá

The Forte de São João Baptista de Ajudá (in English: Fort St. John the Baptist of Ouidah ) is a small restored fort in Ouidah, Benin. Built in 1721, it was the last of three European forts built in that town to tap the slave trade of the Slave Coast. Following the legal abolition of the slave trade early in the 19th century, the Portuguese fort lay abandoned most of the time until it was permanently reoccupied in 1865.

In the aftermath of the creation of the French colony of Dahomey in the 1890s, the French authorities recognized Portuguese sovereignty over the fort due to the adamant insistence of Portugal. The fort was garrisoned by a small detachment of troops from Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe until 1911. After that, only the residente (governor), his assistant and their families inhabited the fort. Portuguese sovereignty was maintained over the minuscule enclave entirely surrounded by French Dahomey until it was seized by the authorities of the newly independent Republic of Dahomey (now Benin) in August 1961. By then the enclave had become an international oddity.

Today, the fort is part of the Ouidah Museum of History.

The 1958 edition of the Guinness World Records stated: "The smallest colony in the world is the Portuguese enclave in the French West African territory of Dahomey, consisting of the Fort of St John the Baptist (São João Baptista de Ajudá). This has been occupied since 1680 and is garrisoned by one officer and a few men."

Background
Following the capture of Elmina Castle and their other forts and factories along the Gold Coast by the Dutch in 1637 and the following years, the Portuguese found themselves without any establishments they could call their own on the shores of the Gulf of Guinea, an intolerable situation since, even after peace was restored, the Dutch required Portuguese ship captains wishing to trade in the area that they obtain a permit, and they imposed a levy of 10% on their cargo. Consequently, during the last quarter of the 17th century, the Portuguese Crown and the colonial authorities in Brazil and São Tomé and Príncipe had been discussing building a factory on the Costa da Mina, as the Portuguese called the Slave Coast, to supply slaves to the fast-developing sugar and tobacco plantations around Salvador, Bahia in Brazil.

Construction of the fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá
In 1680, a former governor of São Tomé and Príncipe, Julian de Campo Barretto, had bought Christiansborg Castle, close to the Costa da Mina, from the acting head of the Danish fortress. But following a mutiny by the garrison and the expulsion of Barretto in 1682, Portugal sold it back to Denmark.

In 1680 also, the Prince Regent, the future Pedro II, ordered two ships to build a fortress on the Costa da Mina to "open up trade for the Portuguese", but while the name of the two ships along with their captains are found in documents, there is no evidence that anything was built. The debate over the construction of a trading fort resurfaced in 1698 when, having been informed that the king of Hueda (Ouidah in English) on the Costa da Mina wished to have the Portuguese build a fort on his territory, Lisbon asked the viceroy of Brazil to seek the opinion of the Bahia trading interests about the feasibility of building such a fort. However, since the Bahia traders asked to be granted a twelve-year monopoly of the slave trade along with certain other privileges, the plan was abandoned.

In 1721 the Bahia merchant and shipper interests took advantage of the arrival of a new viceroy, Vasco Fernandes César de Menezes, to force the issue. Their spokesman and instrument was a Captain José Torres who, it was said, knew the Costa da Mina slave trade well and proposed to build a fort at Ajuda (Whydah, Ouidah). As an enticement to immediate action, Torres offered to undertake the work and transport the necessary building materials in his own ship at his own expenses. In 1671 the French had established a small factory there and, with the Hueda king's permission, they replaced it with a fort in 1704. The English Royal African Company followed suit in 1692. The viceroy was aware of these facts and was convinced that it was important "not to miss this occasion" and without waiting for the approval of Lisbon, he authorized Torres to go ahead with his plan. Torres set sail for Ouidah in July 1721 and soon after his arrival a fort was erected by slaves of the Hueda king on a site chosen by him a few hundred yards east of the English fort.

Characteristics of the European forts of Ouidah
"There are three fortresses here, one French, one English and one Portuguese. They are all built according to the same plan. […] At each angle there is an earthen bastion […] each outfitted with twelve iron cannons. Each fort is surrounded by a moat twenty feet wide with the same depth and in which water is rarely found. There is a bridge at the entrance that can easily be lifted in case of an attack. The French fort is the best maintained one while the Portuguese one is in the worst condition. They all have their gunpowder magazines, which are roofed with thatch, at the center of the courtyard."

In contrast to the imposing and militarily stronger fortresses found elsewhere along the West African coast that were built in solid material and roofed with tiles, the British William's Fort, the French Fort Saint-Louis and the Portuguese Forte São João Baptista, roughly 100 meters square each and lying 300 to 500 meters from each other, had been built in dried mud by African labour using local masonry methods. While the 20-feet deep moats, the thickness of the earthen walls – two to three meters – as well as the cannons atop the bastions did represent a respectable defensive potential, they were not built to sustain serious attacks. The fact that the buildings were roofed with thatch made them particularly vulnerable to fire. Earthen fortifications deteriorated quickly and therefore needed constant reconstruction. In the 18th century, it became almost a ritual for a new director to complain about the sorry state in which he found the installations. Given the building material used, it was easy to add or eliminate buildings or modify the shape of the bastions. Eventually, wood and locally made bricks would be used for door frames and to reinforce bastions and gunpowder magazines. Robin Law, the foremost historian of the Slave Coast slave trade referred to the Ouidah forts as "permanently organized fortified factories".

Vulnerability of the forts
The kings of Hueda, and later Dahomey, did not allow European forts and factories on the seaside. Consequently, the three forts, located about 4 km inland, were particularly vulnerable to "vexations" by the kings and their agents and were dependent on their goodwill. A brief submitted to the British Parliament in the early 18th century lamented that "owning forts drew companies into the expensive complexities of African politics, and required the payment of ground-rents, presents, bribes and loans", and more so in Ouidah. The Portuguese military engineer José António Caldas who stayed at Ouidah around 1759 wrote that due to their being at some distance from the beach, the three forts were "subject to the insults of the king of Dahomey". Each year, the directors of the three forts were required to travel to Abomey, 100 km north of Ouidah, to pay their respect to the king during the annual festivities called "customs". During the troubled years that followed the capture of Ouidah by the king of Dahomey in 1727, all three forts were heavily damaged or destroyed at one time or another, but eventually rebuilt. In 1743, King Tegbesu, suspecting that the director of the Portuguese fort, Joao Basilio, had been conspiring with his enemies, had him imprisoned and expulsed, and the Portuguese fort was destroyed by the explosion of the gunpowder magazine during a subsequent assault by Dahomean troops. During the second half of the 18th century, there was a gradual drift of the slave trade away from Ouidah to points east such Porto Novo, Badagry and Olim (Lagos) largely due to the arbitrariness of the Dahomean kings and their close control over the trade, which was driving up the price of slaves.

The Brazilians and the illicit slave trade
The legal abolition of the slave trade by Britain, France and Portugal in the early years of the 19th century caused the abandonment or near abandonment of the slave forts. However, starting in the 1830s, British and French trading houses involved in the palm oil export business were allowed to set up their factories in the deserted British and French forts at Ouidah, but the Portuguese fort remained abandoned.

At the time, the Brazilian-born Francisco Félix de Sousa, who had started out as a clerk and storekeeper at the fort, later taking charge of the fort, became a major player in the illicit slave trade thanks in a large measure to Portuguese and Brazilian connivance, as well as the active support of the Dahomean king, traditionally a key player in the slave trade. Having helped a younger brother of the ruling king to gain the throne under the name Ghezo, he was installed by him as "captain of the Whites". His nickname chacha (Portuguese: Xàxà) would from then on be assimilated with the post he, and his sons and grandsons after him, held. Enjoying special privileges with regard to the slave trade, now illegal but nevertheless booming, the chacha, along with three of his sons and other Afro-Brazilian traders, dominated Brazil's trading network on the Slave Coast. In 1822, he is said to have hoisted the flag of the newly proclaimed Brazilian Empire over the fort, which remained largely unoccupied since he conducted his activities and lived with his wives and many dozens of children in another part of Ouidah.

Reoccupation of the fort by Portugal
The fort was reoccupied by Portugal in 1865. In this period it served as a base for a brief Portuguese attempt to impose a protectorate on the Kingdom of Dahomey of which the city of Hweda (Ajudá – Ouidah) was part (1885–1887). Until its annexation by Dahomey in 1961, exactly one year after it had gained independence, São João Baptista de Ajudá was probably the world's smallest recognized political unit: according to the census of 1921 it had five inhabitants and, at the moment of the ultimatum by the Dahomey government, only two inhabitants represented Portuguese sovereignty. They tried to burn it rather than surrendering.

Dahomey's annexation of the fort was formally recognized by Portugal in 1975.

Design
The fort is a small square with towers at its four corners. It comprises a church and officers' quarters. The fort houses a museum.

Culture
Bruce Chatwin’s book The Viceroy of Ouidah (1980) is a fictional retelling of the life of Francisco Félix de Sousa, the De Souza family founder in Benin, and that of his powerful local descendants, dealing also with the subject of the slave trade with Brazil

The fort is briefly mentioned in Miguel Sousa Tavares's book Equator.

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William Milligan

William Milligan (15 March 1821 – 11 December 1893) was a renowned Scottish theologian. He studied at the University of Halle in Germany, and eventually became a professor at the University of Aberdeen. He is best known for his commentary on the Revelation of St. John. He also wrote two other well-known books that are classics: The Resurrection of our Lord and The Ascension of our Lord.

Early life and ministry
He was born at 1 Rankeillor Street in south Edinburgh on 15 March 1821, the eldest of seven children of the Rev. George Milligan and his wife, Janet Fraser. His father, a licentiate of the Church of Scotland, was then engaged in teaching at Edinburgh, and from 1825 lived at 1 Rankeillor Street, in the South Side. Milligan was sent to the High School, where he was dux of his class.

In 1832, when his father became minister of the Elie in Fife, he was transferred to the neighbouring parish school of Kilconquhar, and thence proceeded in 1835 to the University of St. Andrews. Though only fourteen years of age, he earned from that day, by private teaching, as much as paid his class-fees, much to his parents' relief, for Elie was a "small living." Graduating M.A. in 1839, and devoting himself to the ministry, he took his divinity course partly at St. Andrews and partly at Edinburgh, and for a time he was tutor to the sons of Sir George Suttie of Prestongrange.

During the schism known as the Disruption of 1843, Milligan adhered to the Church of Scotland, and was licensed to preach as a Church of Scotland minister by the Presbytery of St andrews in that year. He wrote to his father that he was resolved to "remain in ... and lend any aid he could to those who are ready to unite in building up, on principles agreeable to the word of God, the old church of Scotland." He was at this time assistant to Robert Swan, minister at Abercrombie, and the next year he was presented to the Fife parish of Cameron and ordained there in May 1844.

Biblical scholar
In 1845, his health gave cause for anxiety, and he obtained a leave of absence for a year, which he spent in Germany, studying at Halle. He made the acquaintance, among others, of August Neander, in whom he found a kindred spirit. Promoted in 1850 to the more important parish of Kilconquhar, and in 1860 he was appointed first professor of biblical criticism in the university of Aberdeen. He worked hard, but his liberal politics and mild broad-church views were not congenial to many of his colleagues, and his amiability concealed from his students the real strength of his character. Nevertheless, his power and influence grew, and in 1870 he joined the company formed for the revision of the English New Testament. From that time onward he was a prolific writer. His style, prolix at first, became pure and graceful, and in such works as those on the resurrection and ascension of Jesus Christ and on the Revelation of St. John he took a foremost place among British theologians. In the church courts, too, his rise was steady. In 1872 he was sent, together with the Rev. J. Marshall Lang (now Principal Lang) as a representative from the general assembly of the Church of Scotland to the assembly of the Presbyterian church in the United States; in 1875 he was elected depute-clerk of the general assembly, and in 1886 he succeeded Principal John Tulloch as principal clerk.

Church of Scotland leadership
Already in 1882, partly in recognition of his work as a New Testament reviser, he had been elevated to the Church of Scotland moderator's chair. His address on the occasion was notable for its declaration that, in any scheme for church reunion in Scotland, the Scottish episcopalians must be considered. While its enunciation of doctrine concerning the church called forth the warm approval of Canon Liddon, who wrote and thanked him for it. Although in his earlier days his humanitarian feelings, and his enthusiasm for liberty and progress, had allied him with those who were then called broad churchmen, Milligan did not have at any period of his career the slightest sympathy with the disregard for doctrine which has sometimes marked the members of that school.

Ultimately he ranged himself with high churchmen, being, he declared, impelled to join them by increased study of the New Testament. His doctrine of the church he gathered for himself from the Epistle to the Ephesians, on which he had contributed an important article to the ninth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. His views on the importance of dogma and on the sacraments he learned, as he believed, from St. John, of whose writings he was a lifelong student and diligent expositor.

This development of his opinions in no way limited his width of sympathy, nor did it interfere with the friendly intercourse, ecclesiastical as well as social, that he had been wont to hold with nonconformists with Wesleyans like Dr. W. F. Moulton, or with independents like Principal Fairbairn. He had been a member for years of the Church Service Society.

In 1892, when the Scottish Church Society was constituted "to defend and advance catholic doctrine as set forth in the ancient creeds, and embodied in the standards of the church of Scotland, &c.", he took an important part in its formation, and accepted office as its first president. The last letter he wrote from his death-bed was to the first conference of this society, then being held in Glasgow. A few days previously he had said that the greatest need of the Church of Scotland was the restoration of a weekly celebration of the eucharist.

Milligan was keenly interested in social and especially in educational questions. In 1888 he went to Germany to inquire about technical education and continuation schools in that country; and the next year he visited Sweden to see the working of the Gottenburg licensing system. In Aberdeen, he was an active philanthropist; and all over Scotland his services as a preacher were in much request.

When on the eve of retiring from his chair at Aberdeen owing mainly to failing eyesight, Milligan was suddenly seized with illness which soon proved fatal. He died at Edinburgh on 11 December 1893. He is buried in Grange Cemetery in south Edinburgh. The grave lies just west of the central vaults close to the grave of Jessie Gellatly.

Works
Milligan's literary productiveness began in 1855, when he contributed the first of a series of papers to Kitto's Journal of Sacred Literature. In 1857, he addressed a "Letter to the Duke of Argyll on the Education Question." The Decalogue and the Lord's Day (1866) was evoked by the controversy stirred in Scotland by a speech of Dr. Norman MacLeod's, as his Words of the New Testament (1873)—written in conjunction with Dr. Roberts—belonged to the literature of New Testament revision.

In 1878, appeared a volume on the Higher Education of Women; and the next year he contributed to the Encyclopædia Britannica his important article on the Epistle to the Ephesians. The Resurrection of our Lord and his Commentary on St. John (in conjunction with Dr. Moulton) (1882), his Commentary on the Revelation (1883), his Discussions on the Apocalypse (1883), his Baird Lectures on the Revelation of St. John (1886), Elijah (1887), The Resurrection of the Dead (1890), The Ascension and Heavenly Priesthood of our Lord, and his presidential address on the Aims of the Scottish Church Society (1892), were all productions of his ripened powers. Besides these he contributed many articles to periodicals. His last article was a notice In Memoriam of Dr. Hort, which appeared in the Expository Times (1893).

Family
In 1859 he married Annie Mary Moir, the daughter of David Macbeth Moir. They had several children. His daughter Agnes Milligan married Godfrey Carey. His son Oswald Milligan became a church historian.

He left unfinished a work on the Epistle to the Hebrews, and forbade the publication of the parts he had written; some of his notes, however, have been used in a work on the same subject, since published by his eldest son, the Rev. George Milligan who went on to be Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1923.

His daughter Katherine Elizabeth Milligan married James W. H. Trail. His son William became Sir William Milligan MD LLD.

Artistic recognition
His portrait by George Reid PRSA is in King's College, Aberdeen.

title: William Milligan