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User:Stewartadcock/article

An introduction to the wonderful world of WikiWikiWebs and one research group's experiences.

Abstract
A "WikiWikiWeb" enables documents to be authored collectively using nothing more than a web browser. The term "wiki" is commonly used as an abbreviation of WikiWikiWeb. A single document (i.e. a single web page) in a wiki is known as a "wiki page", and the entire set of pages, which are typically heavily interlinked, are called "the wiki". Software which implements a wiki is known as a "wiki engine".

Perhaps the most unusual thing about wikis is that you not only can edit all the web pages on the server from within the web page itself, but you should, whenever you think something needs updating! Usually, wikis may be freely modified by all persons who also have access to the wiki server. There is no review prior to acceptance of modifications. This leads to a powerful, community-based, collaborative editing environment.

The speed of creating and updating pages is one of the defining characteristics of wiki technology, as alluded to by the name; "Wiki wiki" means "very quick" in the Hawaiian language.

The McCammon group had a grossly out-of-date and awkward to maintain intranet website which was supposed to act as a repository of information required for day to day functioning of the group's research efforts. An experimental wiki, initially just containing information extracted from the McCammon group website, was implemented. Significant (in terms of both content and practical utility) new material was soon developed. Information may be readily updated, or corrected, without any understanding of archaic hypertext markup languages or any understanding of the group's web server configuration. This article introduces this wiki, codenamed "the McWiki".

Introduction to Wikis
The original wiki, the WikiWikiWeb can be found at http://c2.com/cgi/wiki. Although much useful content has been incorporated into that wiki, it mostly acts as an experimental sandbox for wiki users and developers. The world's largest wiki is the hugely successful Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia with the English language edition at http://en.wikipedia.org/. A full description of Wikipedia may be found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia.

Due to the relative simplicity of the basic wiki concept, a large number of implementations exist. These range from very simple (e.g. ZWiki, built on the Zope content management system) implementations that only provide the most fundamental functionality, through to those that are highly sophisticated content management environments (e.g. TWiki and the powerful MediaWiki.

One aspect of wikis that new users often have trouble grasping is the concept that nobody owns a particular page, or the content on that page. If somebody creates a new page in the wiki, that does not mean that they somehow own the information on that page or that they may veto other user's additions or changes. This might, on occasion, lead to personal disputes. Should you observe a change that you disagree with, instead of reverting or deleting it, you should make a comment at the base of the page. If the consensus is exhibited in the comments that an earlier change was wrong or poorly considered *then* remove it, improve it or correct it.

The "McWiki"
Given its simplicity and ease of setup, and its scope for customisation, ZWiki was selected for serving the prototype McWiki. Like much of the software used in the McCammon Group, ZWiki is open-source software available freely under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Zwiki is built on the Zope web application server. Zope is a Python-based dynamic website creation, website server and website authentication environment. This is running on top of a standard Apache web server installation. The beauty of the wiki is that nobody will ever need to know that, nor will they ever need to know how to program using Python. In fact, they would not even need to know how to use HTML (although, admittedly, that does help on certain occasions).

The majority of information on the McCammon Group intranet web pages was ported, to varying degrees of completeness, into the ZWiki environment. Much of this was done via a series of simple cut'n'paste operations. Where mistakes are known to exist in the website, these could be rapidly corrected. For example, Stewart's home and cell phone numbers are transposed on the website. It only required a mouse click, re-typing of the two numbers and another mouse click for this mistake to be fixed in the wiki.

Access permissions for the McWiki are the same as for the existing restricted access web pages. The main difference is that one does not need to have administrative powers, a knowledge of HTML, or of the particular Apache configuration in use to edit the pages.

Editing with ZWiki
Although knowledge of the HTML or XHTML markup that is usually used for implementing web pages is useful for certain (advanced) formatting such as tables, it is completely unnecessary for most users of wikis. The methods and rules for formatting vary slightly between the different wiki engines, but they are always simple. In this section, the most basic formatting rules for ZWiki are described.

 * **blank pages**: Occasionally, you might come across hyperlinked question marks. This indicates a link to another page in the wiki that does not actually exist.  You are strongly encouraged to create target pages for any such hyperlink.  This is done by following the hyperlink, which takes you directly to a page allowing you edit it.

 * **log-in**: Despite not being necessary, we would like to encourage people to log-in before editing. Near the bottom of each page, a link named UserOptions exists.  Prior to your first edit this should be clicked, and then you can enter your name of the page that appears.  This helps us to track who is responsible for changes, as listed on the RecentChanges page.

 * **comments**: At the base of every page, a editable text box exists for the purpose of quickly adding comments to that page. Again, you are encouraged to make use of this feature.

 * **editing**: To edit a page, click the "edit" link in the upper right corner of any page. This brings up a large text box containing that page's contents in its raw format.  Make any changes you desire, add a comment in the "Optional note" box and finally click on the "save" button.  That is all you need to do!

 * **markup**: Page formatting is performed automatically, but you may offer hints. The HelpPage has more detail, but the basic formatting rules are as follows:

 * Text surrounded with *, **, _ or ' are *italic*, **bold**, _underlined_ or 'mono-spaced', respectively.

 * Links are automatically created based on !WikiName's (i.e. page names in the current wiki), ![page names in square brackets], explicitly entered !URLs beginning with "http:" and so-called structured text-style links. In the editor, structured text-style links consist of the visible text surrounded by quotation marks followed by a colon and then the URL, like this: '"link to main website":http://mccammon.ucsd.edu/'.

 * One or more lines of text form a paragraph with blank lines separating paragraphs.

 * A single line "paragraph" followed by a more-indented paragraph becomes a heading.

 * A paragraph beginning with - or * or 0. and a space makes a bulleted or numbered list item. Any more-indented list items are rendered as sub-lists.

 * HTML tags may be incorporated if necessary. However, this is to be discouraged.

 * Some or all of the above rules may be overridden (known as "escaped") by putting a "!" symbol at the beginning of a link or a line. An alternative is to enclose text in single quotes.  An instance where escaping is useful is every time you enter the word "!McCammon", which is normally detected as a internal wikilink.  By typing "!!McCammon" the word does not get converted in to an erroneous wikilink.

 * **subscriptions**: Any user may "subscribe" to a page. Once subscribed, they will be notified by email when any modification occurs to that page.  The feature exists and is operational but, at present, you need to use your initiative to use it.

Potential problems
Formatting and markup rules and syntax tend to differ between the various wiki engines. While this does not pose a critical problem because it is usually much simpler than even HTML, the resulting learning curve might be an undesirable barrier to prospective editors.

Due to the freely editable nature (the fundamental characteristic, even) there is no immediate or formal editorial or peer-review process. Most wiki engines offer an auditable history, however, so the integrity of the data can usually be assured.

For a short period, the McWiki became the medium for discussions and debates (generally of a highly technical nature) within the group. Not surprisingly, it soon became apparent that Wikis are not suited to extended multi-party discussion. Resulting from this experience, the use of a wiki versus a mailing list (or bulletin board, or forum) was more appropriately chosen for the situation.

The benefits and future outlook
Wikis are ideal for collaborative editing of complex documents. The original basis for this article, for instance, was edited in place using the very wiki it discusses! This specific copy is hosted on the wikipedia servers under Stewart's Wikipedia personal user page.

Use of this new McWiki bestowed several important benefits to the group, including:

 * Easily maintained contact information. Anybody may add, correct, or update group contact details thus freeing the secretary to do more important (and probably more interesting) work.

 * Constantly maintained HOWTO and FAQ documents. No longer will there be any excuse for the grossly outdated information previously available on the group's restricted access website.  When a group member comes across something that is wrong or incomplete, they may readily fix it rather than fighting the gauntlet of HTML, non-standard Apache configurations, and UNIX permissions.  This is particularly useful for maintainence of documentation on non-standard modifications to research software.

 * A collaborative forum. Wikis provide a perfect environment for creating multi-authored documents.

 * Interactive documents. Every user has the ability to make comments on documents, enabling queries to be resolved and suggestions to acted upon "in place".

 * Auditable history. In theory, the wiki could be used as an electronic lab book, although nobody is doing this with the McWiki at present.

It is true that the information the McWiki contains is, in some places, poorly formatted or incomplete. Given that it is a Wiki, one hopes that each group member will fix one or two things as they are noticed. Since it is said that many hands make light work, the McWiki will rapidly become a valuable and complete information repository.

I do not claim that the ZWiki solution is perfect. A number of useful features, common to most wiki engines, are not implemented in ZWiki. Such features include edit previews, per-user themes, automatic tables of contents and automated resolution of edit conflicts (i.e. two edits on the same page at the same time). These flaws in ZWiki may be excused because it is exceptionally simple.

title: User:Stewartadcock/article


text:
User:Brunswyk

 For more information, please turn to my German page: Brunswyk

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Brunswyk


text: User talk:199.46.245.233

title: User talk:199.46.245.233


text:
User talk:John Charles Webb

I live on the Island of Maui, Hawaii.

My personal interests are:

Metaphysics - A quest for the discovery of the true "causes" (as in cause and effect) of events rather than "apparent causes".

Alchemy - The inner-work and methods required for spiritual/metaphysical transformation

Law - I hold a Juris Doctor Degree (Temple University School of Law)

Government - I hold a Bachelor's Degree (Summa Cum Laude, Temple University) in Political Systems and Government.

Astrology - My interest and studies in astrology were motivated by a personal quest for self-actualization and archaeology.

Astro-Archaeology - To investigate ancient monuments (e.g. The Great Pyramid, Stonehenge)

Meditation - A discipline to still (silence) the "inner dialogue" (mind chatter) - highly recommended

Archaeology - The Great Pyramid as evidence of extraterrestrial life [] http://www.templeofsolomon.org/Reticulum.htg/Reticulum.htm

Natural Foods - The consumption and enjoyment of chemical free and natural foods for physical enhancement - highly recommended

Community Service (Participation on an "as needed" basis) - To assist in facilitating and promoting positive community events

Art - Website design and digital photography

Templeton Prize Nominee for Progress in Religion - Currently (2010) and annually since 2002

Author/Researcher - The Jupiter Project, a quest to find The Star of Bethlehem and the "mising" capstone of The Great Pyramid

External Link to my personal website "The Jupiter Project" http://www.templeofsolomon.org

The internet has provided many of us with the opportunity to witness, in microcosm, the evolution of civilization. Just a few short years ago (1989) we were making "pre-historic" internet images using 1's and 0's and now (3rd millennium) we can watch full length feature motion pictures (DVD) on our high-tech etch-a-sketch notebook and desktop and handheld computers and remain in constant and near instantaneous global communication (still using those same 1's and 0's). The Wikipedia Project is one of the most enlightened and ambitious projects to take place in cyberspace and in the history of the world. It encompasses the creation of the most complete organic body of knowledge ever assembled. It transcends international borders and recognizes that we are, in fact, a global community expressing the cumulative effect and pure raw power of creative co-operation. As soon as someone, anyone, discovers the truth about something, there is someone at Wikipedia who will write it down for us. Wikipedia is a revolution disguised as an encyclopedia.

It is indeed a sublime pleasure and honor to be able to participate in this enlightened enterprise.

title: User talk:John Charles Webb


text:
Discourse ethics

Discourse ethics refers to a type of argument that attempts to establish normative or ethical truths by examining the presuppositions of discourse. The ethical theory originated with German philosophers Jürgen Habermas and Karl-Otto Apel, and variations have been used by Frank Van Dun and Habermas' student Hans-Hermann Hoppe.

Habermas and Apel
Habermas's discourse ethics is his attempt to explain the implications of communicative rationality in the sphere of moral insight and normative validity. It is a complex theoretical effort to reformulate the fundamental insights of Kantian deontological ethics in terms of the analysis of communicative structures. This means that it is an attempt to explain the universal and obligatory nature of morality by evoking the universal obligations of communicative rationality. It is also a cognitivist moral theory, which means it holds that justifying the validity of moral norms can be done in a manner analogous to the justification of facts. However, the entire project is undertaken as a rational reconstruction of moral insight. It claims only to reconstruct the implicit normative orientations that guide individuals and it claims to access these through an analysis of communication.

Public discourse ethics
This type of ethics consists of conversations about ideas in civic or community contexts marked by diversity of perspectives requiring thoughtful public engagement. This discourse is made up of differing insights that helps to shape the public's engagement with one another. This type of discourse is meant to protect and to promote the public good. For public discourse ethics to be successful there must be an effective level of civility between people or persons involved. It was Sigmund Freud who once said, "civilization began the first time an angry person cast a word instead of a rock" and that statement is something that continues to be seen in society today. The Harvard Law Review accurately examines public discourse and explains it in a manner that is appropriate and conceptually accurate. "Every man who publishes a book commits himself to the judgement of the public, and anyone may comment upon his performance.... [W]hatever their merits, others have a right to pass their judgement upon them-to censure them if they be censurable, and to turn them into ridicule if they be ridiculous". For the public discourse ethics to be productive there must be accountability on the public stage as the Harvard Law Review calls into question. Without any act of accountability the ethicality of the discourse is no longer valid and cannot go on. Public accountability consists of three basic factors. The factors are: Finally, public discourse ethics puts a great responsibility on the individual. They must continually be asking questions and finding answers. They will not always be right, and that is okay, as long as they are able to make a positive decision in the end.
 * a diversity of ideas,
 * an engagement of public decision making, and finally
 * an account for continuing a practice or way of doing something or a means or reason for changing the practice.

Presupposition
Habermas maintains that normative validity cannot be understood as separate from the argumentative procedures used in everyday practice, such as those used to resolve issues concerning the legitimacy of actions and the validity of the norms governing interactions. He makes this claim by making reference to the validity dimensions attached to speech acts in communication and the implicit forms of argumentation they imply (see Universal pragmatics). The basic idea is that the validity of a moral norm cannot be justified in the mind of an isolated individual reflecting on the world. The validity of a norm is justified only intersubjectively in processes of argumentation between individuals; in a dialectic. The validity of a claim to normative rightness depends upon the mutual understanding achieved by individuals in argument.

From this it follows that the presuppositions of argumentation would become important. Kant extracted moral principles from the necessities forced upon a rational subject reflecting on the world. Habermas extracts moral principles from the necessities forced upon individuals engaged in the discursive justification of validity claims, from the inescapable presuppositions of communication and argumentation. These presuppositions were the kinds of idealization that individuals had to make in order for communication and argumentation to even begin. For example:
 * The presupposition that participants in communicative exchange are using the same linguistic expressions in the same way
 * The presupposition that no relevant argument is suppressed or excluded by the participants
 * The presupposition that no force except that of the better argument is exerted
 * The presupposition that all the participants are motivated only by a concern for the better argument

There were also presuppositions unique to discourse:
 * The presupposition that everyone would agree to the universal validity of the claim thematized
 * The presupposition that everyone capable of speech and action is entitled to participate, and everyone is equally entitled to introduce new topics or express attitudes needs or desires
 * The presupposition that no validity claim is exempt in principle from critical evaluation in argumentation

These are all at the center of Habermas's moral theory. Habermas's discourse ethics attempts to distill the idealized moral point of view that accompanies a perfectly rational process of argumentation (also idealized), which would be the moral principle implied by the presuppositions listed above. The key point is that the presuppositions of argumentation and communication that have been rationally reconstructed by Habermas are both factual and normative. This can be said about his entire project because it is explicitly attempting to bridge the gap between the "is" and the "ought." Habermas speaks of the mutual recognition and exchanging of roles and perspectives that are demanded by the very structural condition of rational argumentation. He maintains that what is implied in these factual presuppositions of communication is the deep structure of moral norms, the conditions that every valid norm must fulfill.

Universalization
The presuppositions of communication express a universal obligation to maintain impartial judgment in discourse, which constrains all affected to adopt the perspectives of all others in the exchange of reasons. From this Habermas extracts the following principle of universalization (U), which is the condition every valid norm has to fulfill:

"(U) All affected can accept the consequences and the side effects that [the norm's] general observance can be anticipated to have for the satisfaction of everyone's interests, and the consequences are preferred to those of known alternative possibilities for regulation. (Habermas, 1991:65)"

This can be understood as the deep structure of all acceptable moral norms, and should not be confused with the principle of discourse ethics (D), which presupposes that norms exist that satisfy the conditions specified by (U).

"(D) Only those norms can claim to be valid that meet (or could meet) with the approval of all affected in their capacity as participants in a practical discourse."

The implications of (U) and (D) are quite profound. (U) claims to be a rational reconstruction of the impartial moral point of view at the heart of all cognitivist moral theories. According to moral cognitivists (e.g. Kant, Rawls etc.), it is only from such a moral point of view that insight into the actual (quasi-factual) impersonal obligations of a general will can be gained, because this perspective relieves decisions from the inaccuracies of personal interests. Of course, Habermas's reconstruction is different because it is intersubjective. That is, Habermas (unlike Kant or Rawls) formulates the moral point of view as it arises out of the multiple perspectives of those affected by a norm under consideration. The moral point of view explicated in (U) is not the property of an individual subject but the property of a community of interlocutors, the results of a complex dialogical process of role taking and perspective exchanging. Furthermore, (U) is deduced from a rational reconstruction of the presupposition of communication, which downgrades the strong transcendentalism of Kantian ethics by establishing a foundation in inner-worldly processes of communication.

(D) on the other hand is a principle concerning the manner in which norms conforming to (U) must be justified through discourse. Again, Habermas takes the task of moral reflection out of the isolated individual's head and gives it to intersubjective processes of communication. What (D) proposes is that moral principles must be validated in actual discourse and that those to be affected by a norm must be able to participate in argumentation concerning its validity. No number of thought experiments can replace a communicative exchange with others regarding moral norms that will affect them. Moreover, this general prescription concerning the type of discourse necessary for the justification of moral norms opens the process of moral deliberation to the kind of learning that accompanies a fallibilistic orientation. (U) and (D) are catalysts for a moral learning process, which although fallible is not relative. The flesh and blood insights of participants in communicative exchange are refracted through the universal guidelines explicated from the deep structures of communication and argumentation. This spawns discourses with a rational trajectory, which are grounded in the particular circumstances of those involved but aimed at a universal moral validity.

Practical applications
The practical applications of discourse ethics have taken a significant turn after the publication of Habermas' book Between Facts and Norms (1992), where its application to democracy and the legislative process was substantially refined and expanded. Before this book, Habermas had left open the question of the various applications of discourse theory to almost any type of consensus oriented group ranging from highly visible political and governmental groups, such as Parliament in Great Britain and Congressional debate in the United States, and other consensus oriented activities as found in public and private institutions such as those supported on various international websites and Wikipedia.

title: Discourse ethics


text:
User:N35w101

Aspirations / Philosophy
I want to make contributions worthy of Barnstars, but I don't want to receive them. I want my reward for service to be useful, stable, un-vandalized text.

I like to randomly select articles in order to (a) learn something new & (b) find something I can contribute to in grammar, structure or (sometimes) fact. I also enjoy going to external sources to dig up needed citations.

I subscribe to the Wikipedian philosophy of Incrementalism. I wish users would verify an article exists before Wiki-ing a word -- red links are distracting.

Articles - initiated

 * Government of Tulsa, Oklahoma
 * BOK Financial Corporation

Articles - contribute / monitor at least occassionally

 * Tulsa, Oklahoma + Talk:Tulsa, Oklahoma
 * List of people from Tulsa, Oklahoma + Talk:List of people from Tulsa, Oklahoma
 * Jenks, Oklahoma
 * Barnsdall, Oklahoma
 * Robert Curbeam - a really great astronaut I met
 * Boeing 787

Articles - some I randomly contributed to

 * Crew Exploration Vehicle
 * Highland Single Malts - while reading about my favorite spirit, Scotch whisky
 * Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Sarah, Duchess of York - during a fit of anglo-centric reading
 * Advanced tactical laser and Boeing YAL-1 - laser weapons in flight!
 * Prefecture - a geopolitical division of land in Japan
 * High-occupancy vehicle lane
 * Vladimir Zworykin - who had a hand in inventing television
 * Saxophone - the musical instrument
 * Minimo - a Soviet-era comedy
 * Jan Gies - hid Anne Frank from the Nazis
 * Reinhold O. Schmidt - a 1950s UFO "contactee"
 * High School Dressage (horse) - a horse-riding style
 * Category:People from Tulsa, Oklahoma - expanded it from 4 people to 57 as of 2006-July

Cool stuff I didn't know about before Wikipedia
You might want to check them out too.

 * NASA World Wind
 * Celestia
 * Stellarium

About me
but I know what a lorry, a lift, bangers, etc are!

Languages I've studied or dabbled in, but never gotten serious about: Latin, French, Spanish, Russian and Japanese.

Interests: Aerospace, Space exploration, Science fiction, Monty Python and Music (particularly Classical and Heavy Metal).

Cultures I find particularly interesting: Japanese, Russian, Scottish and German. My ethnicity is partly made up of the latter two, in fact.

I tend to have a verbose writing style, but try to avoid Doublespeak.

title: User:N35w101


text: File:Oslo sporveier logo.png

title: File:Oslo sporveier logo.png


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User talk:EGT124

Orphaned fair use image (Image:Ba.ba.ti.ki.di.do.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Ba.ba.ti.ki.di.do.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. This is an automated message from BJBot 05:19, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Ba ba ti ki di do.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Ba ba ti ki di do.jpg. You've indicated that the image meets Wikipedia's criteria for non-free content, but there is no explanation of why it meets those criteria. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. If you have any questions, please post them at Media copyright questions.

Thank you for your cooperation. NOTE: once you correct this, please remove the tag from the image's page. STBotI (talk) 17:33, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:EGT124


text:
TV Colosso

TV Colosso (also known as The Hot Dog Channel) was a Brazilian children's television series produced by Rede Globo, that began on April 19, 1993, and finished on January 3, 1997. The show utilized puppets, body puppets, remote-controlled animatronics and bluescreen puppets. It stars a group of working dogs in a TV station that struggle to put her TV shows on air.

The show presented the fictional programs "Jornal Colossal"; "Clip-Cão"; "Pedigree", a parody of Rede Globo's soap operas; "As Aventuras do Super-Cão"; "Olimpíadas de Cachorro"; "Acredite Se Puder" (Believe it if you can) satirizing Ripley's Believe It or Not!; "ColosShow"; "Asfalto Quente"; "Aprendendo Prá Cachorro"; "CapaShow"; and others.

The show was created by Luiz Ferré, a graphic artist, who also created its characters; and directed by J. B. de Oliveira (Boninho), famous for Rede Globo's hits No Limite (Brazilian version of Survivor) and Big Brother Brasil. The puppets were all made by Roberto Dornelles from Ferré's own puppet company Criadores e Criaturas (100 Modos).

It was a big hit on Brazil and worldwide, but was cancelled due to intense production costs. The show was also broadcast in Japan by NHK.

In 2009, the show's return in April of the same year was discussed by the producer, but not happened. Also in that year, it was reported that a DVD box set featuring the show's most important episodes and a Broadway-inspired musical are in works.

On October 12, 2016, the show resumed production as a webseries for Playkids.

History
After the ending of Xou da Xuxa in 1993, TV Globo wanted a new children's show for filling the timeslot. Director Boninho got in touch with the artist Luiz Ferré to create a concept for the program.

Characters

 * Priscila, a charming female sheepdog, main and only producer and also an artist.
 * Gilmar (Manny) and his 20.000 Gilmar workers, the group of working dogs.
 * JF, the pessimistic TV Colosso CEO and mentor, probably a reference to J.R. Ewing.
 * Capachildo Capachão, JF's servile assistant. His name is a reference to capacho (Portuguese for to doormat).
 * Borges, the bulldog picture director.
 * Bullborg, Borges' dog-bot.
 * Walter Gate, the Jornal Colossal host, an homage to Walter Cronkite and to Jornal Nacional host William Bonner, and a reference to Watergate.
 * Waltinho, Walter Gate's son.
 * Peggy Sunshine, the female weather newsdog.
 * Paulo Paulada, the security dog.
 * Jaca Paladium, the host of "Acredite Se Puder", an homage to Jack Palance in Ripley's Believe It or Not!.
 * Vira-Lata de Aço, the show's antagonist.
 * Camera Ney, the cameraman dog.
 * Roberval, the chocolate thief.
 * Castilho, Priscila's annoying boyfriend.
 * Bob Dog, Priscila's rock 'n' roll star.
 * Daniel, a keyboarding dog.
 * Malabi, the magician dog.
 * Thunderdog, the musician dog and Luiz Thunderbird's parody.
 * Professor Haftas Arden, the scientist dog. His name is a reference to burning Aphthous ulcer in Portuguese.
 * Ajudante, Professor's assistant.
 * Dr. Frankenstof, Professor's brother.
 * Dr. Kobalski, Frankenstof's assistant, probably a reference to one character in Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (Kowalski)
 * Godoy, the elderly dog.
 * Bóris, the not-so-haunted house dweller.
 * Astor, Bóris' assistant.
 * Nestor, the repairing dog.
 * Jaca Palladium's childish fans.
 * Peteleco, the dog that was kidnapped in Rede Globo's telenovela A Lua Me Disse.
 * Parmessão & Provolone, the comic pair.
 * Supercão, the show's super-hero and Gilmar's alter ego.
 * the fleas that enjoy causing havoc on TV Colosso Studios.
 * Professor Gagá, the rock 'n' roll singer and professor rooster.
 * Capachete Capachona, Capachão's professional friend.
 * Laerte Canini, TV Colosso's scriptwriter and a reference to the show's scriptwriter and cartoonist Laerte Coutinho.
 * Detetive Farofinha, the Sherlock Holmes dog counterpart.
 * the winning Viking girl dogs of Capachão's Capashow.
 * the fairy dogparents who lose the Capashow to her rival Viking girl dogs.
 * Plínio Bragança Cardoso, son of the Bragança Cardoso family and the protagonist of TV Colosso's telenovela "Inimigos Para Sempre". He has a relationship with Marina Couto Pereira despite its parents' hostility towards the Bragança Cardoso family.
 * Marina Couto Pereira, daughter of the Couto Pereira family and the female protagonist from "Inimigos Para Sempre". She has a crush towards Plínio Bragança Cardoso while its parents seen to have heartlessness towards the Couto Pereira clan.
 * Pelados, the rebel boys from the high school who appreciate milkshakes, sports, heavy metal songs and scamming and tormenting the Peludos.
 * Peludos, the kind-hearted and sensitive boys from the same school as Pelados who, in contrast to them, appreciate classical music, romantic poetry and studying a lot to fulfill their destiny.
 * Shirley, the popular girl from the high school who loves both the Pelados and the Peludos and despises their cruelty, violence and heartlessness towards each other.
 * Delicatessen, the princess protagonist from "A Princesa Pirata" who desires to be a pirate in order to ease their boringness.

Making
The 28 puppets were 25 dogs and 3 fleas.

The body puppets needed dancers to control its movements.

The puppets needed electronic puppeteers and voice actors.

The puppet mechanisms were made by Inventiva Bonecos e Cenários, Ltda. who visited Los Angeles studios searching special effects technology. The animations were radio-controlled, making more realism.

The sets were created by Lia Renha, Maria Odile, Kátia Florêncio and Fernando Schmidt, and had different dimensions variating since miniature to the big ones.

All props were built specially for TV Colosso.

Cartoons
Just below is the list of some series that were shown on TV Colosso:

 * The Adventures of Mickey and Donald
 * Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog
 * Alvin and the Chipmunks
 * Animaniacs
 * Back to the Future
 * Biker Mice from Mars
 * Captain Planet and the Planeteers
 * Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers
 * Darkwing Duck
 * Dinosaurs
 * Dog City
 * Dungeons & Dragons
 * Eek! The Cat
 * He-Man and the Masters of the Universe
 * Here Comes the Grump
 * Mighty Morphin Power Rangers
 * Mr. Bogus
 * Popeye
 * Scooby-Doo
 * Spider-Man
 * Spiff and Hercules
 * TaleSpin
 * Taz-Mania
 * Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
 * The Smurfs
 * The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!
 * Tiny Toon Adventures
 * VR Troopers
 * Where's Wally?
 * Widget
 * Wish Kid
 * X-Men

TV Colosso Especial
This made-for-TV featurette film was aired on December 24, 1993, and retold traditional Christmas stories.

The story tells TV Colosso's gang celebrating Christmas at JF's house and watching special scheduling at a high-technology TV. Priscila, Capachildo Capachão, Thunder Dog and others watch "A Estrela de Belém, Cada Gilmar é um Rei" (loosely based on the "Three Wise Men" classic tale) and "O Avarento" (loosely based on "A Christmas Carol" by Charles Dickens).

The sets on this special were made by Lia Renha and Fernando Schmidt, the costumes were designed by Billy Accioly, and art was produced by Silvana Estrella.

TV Colosso Especial Terça Nobre
Due to celebration of Children's Day in 1994, an episode of TV Colosso was specially produced to be shown on Terça Nobre (primetime block), mixing for the first time puppets with live actors.

In this special, Priscila and the gang are producing and hosting the special show. The guest stars were the Rede Globo cast: Renato Aragão, Dedé Santana, Casseta & Planeta Team, Regina Casé, Tom Cavalcante, Xuxa, Sandy & Júnior, Claudio Heinrich, Ana Paula Tabalipa, André Marques and Carolina Dieckmann.

The special was taped at the original sets of TV Colosso and at Teatro Fenix, on Rio de Janeiro, where Fernando Schmidt turned the theater at TV Colosso's auditorium.

Merchandising
The success of TV Colosso launched 2 records by Som Livre, a feature film, shows, a theatrical play, toys and games by Estrela and Sega, and comic books by Editora Abril.

Super-Colosso - Uma Aventura de Cinema da TV Colosso
Due to major success of TV Colosso, a feature film was produced by Paris Filmes, Criadores e Criaturas, Ltda. and Play Video Produções Para TV & Cinema. The film was released in 1994 and the biggest sadness about it were its R$2,000,000 budget and that to date his producers didn't pay incentive taxes.

Plot
Priscila, Alice, Gilmar, Capachildo Capachão, JF, Nestor, Castilho, Malabi, Walter Gate, Waltinho, Borges, Bullborg, Bóris, Jaca Paladium, Paulo Paulada, and all staff of TV Colosso want to throw a party to celebrate the Dog's Day. They organize a game contest, and Gilmar chooses the Thinker Dog Statue, by renowned sculptor Cacheau Rodin, as a trophy. But Afrânio Furtado, Dona Jóia Furtado and his children Rubi and Furtadinho manage to steal it, trying to cut the fun short.

Cast

 * Rafael Nomais: Marcelo Serrado
 * Alice: Luana Piovani
 * The Furtado Family: Antônio Carlos Falcão, Debora Olivieri, Jussara Marques, Fredy Allan
 * Gabriela: Ilana Kaplan
 * Flávio: Luciano Quirino
 * The French Delegation: Bhá Bocchi Prince, Graziella Moretto, Luiz Miranda
 * voice of Priscila: Mônica Rossi
 * voices of Gilmar/Supercão, Malabi and Professor Cacá: Mário Jorge
 * voice of Castilho: Marco Ribeiro
 * voices of Capachão and Nestor: Mauro Ramos
 * voices of JF, Thunderdog, and Daniel: Garcia Júnior
 * voice of chicken song teacher: Carmen Sheila
 * voices of Jaca Paladium, Paulo Paulada and Vira-Lata de Aço: Hamilton Ricardo
 * voice of flea: Isis Koschdoski
 * voices of Walter Gate, Sr. Bóris, Bullborg and flea: Márcio Simões
 * voice of Waltinho: Reynaldo Buzzoni
 * voice of Peggy Sunshine and flea: Sheila Dorfman
 * additional voices: Marco Antônio, Hércules Fernando (uncredited), Carlos Seidl (uncredited)
 * puppeteers: Airton Aranha, Álvaro Petersen (uncredited), Ana Andreata, Astrid Toledo, Cacá Sena, Érica Tucherman, Fernanda Silveira, Guilherme Pires, Henrique Serrano (uncredited), José Carnevale, Luciano Quirino, Luiz Cláudio Pacini, Magda Crudelli (uncredited), Marcelo Burkoff, Marcos Lima, Marcos Toledo (uncredited), Paulo Adriane (uncredited), Paulo Ferrer, Pi Heins, Quiá Rodrigues, Renato Spineli, Roberto Dornelles, Rodrigo Scarpa (uncredited), Zé Clayton

Crew

 * director: Luiz Ferré
 * puppet director: Roberto Dornelles
 * voice director: Mário Jorge
 * production director: Siomara Blumer
 * production coordinators: Geno Riva, Socorro Goes
 * executive producer: Guga de Oliveira
 * music: Ruriá Duprat
 * editor: Luiz Elias
 * costume designer: Sylvia Moraes
 * art director: Felipe Tassara
 * director of photography: Christian Lesage
 * script: Giba Assis Brasil, Laerte

Crew

 * created by: Luiz Ferré, Roberto Dornelles
 * written by: Valério Campos, Toninho Neves, Laerte, Angeli, Glauco, Luiz Gê, Fernando Gonzalez, Newton Foot, Gilmar Rodrigues, Adão Iturrusgarai, Flávio Luiz, Nani, Ique, Chico Soares, Toni Marques, Antônio Costa Neto, Luiz Martins, José Rubens Chachá
 * English adaptation: Kyle Logan, Michael Bruza, Juliana Gaspari
 * puppeteering director: Roberto Dornelles
 * directed by: J. B. de Oliveira (Boninho), Mário Meirelles, Roberto Vaz
 * puppets - Criadores e Criaturas, Ltda.: Luiz Ferré, Roberto Dornelles, Zé Clayton, Jacyra Santos, Totoni Silva, Luiz Rogério, Fernanda Silveira, Sidney Beckencamp
 * puppeteers: Quiá Rodrigues, Renato Spinelli, Cacá Sena, Érica Tucherman, Julice de Paula, Mário de Ballentti, Joana Correa, Jefferson Antônio, Milton Carvalho, Renato Coelho, Paulo Adriane, Henrique Serrano, Marcos Toledo, Magda Crudelli, Álvaro Petersen, Otávio Ferreira, Charlene Brito, Gabriel Bezerra, Rodolpho Brandão, Vandriani Lazarini, Airton Aranha, André Vagon, Cláudia Raduzewsky
 * voices directed by: Mário Jorge
 * American voice directors: Michael Bruza, Kyle Logan
 * narrator: Sylvia Salustti
 * with the voice talents of: Mário Jorge, Mônica Rossi, Ísis Kochdosky, Garcia Jr., Guilherme Briggs, Sheila Dorfman, Márcio Simões, Carmen Sheila, Hércules Fernando, Carlos Seidl, Marco Antônio, Hamilton Ricardo, Mauro Ramos, Marco Ribeiro, Reynaldo Buzzoni
 * English voice cast: Dorothy Fahn, Sandy Fox, Nathan Turner, Brian Habicht, Kelly Jean Badgley
 * puppet technicians: Daniel Segal, Sidnei Antonioli
 * production coordinator: Jayme Henriques
 * editing: Marco Siciliano, Robson M. Schneider, Rosemeire Barros
 * production team: Mara Martins, Mário Viana, Sérgio Barata, Gilson de Souza, Carla Braga, José de Andrade
 * sets designed by: Lia Renha, Maria Odile, Kátia Florêncio, Fernando Schmidt
 * costumes designed by: Cao, Lúcia Cunha, Billy Accioly, Helena Araújo, Bia Rocha, Marília Carneiro
 * art produced by: Silvana Estrella
 * visual effects: Pojucan
 * camera: Paulo Cesar Moreira, Maurício Soares, Afonso Enrique, Oswaldo Rogério, Lídio Carlos, Jorge Gaby
 * sound designed by: Leonardo da Vinci
 * music: Rodolfo Rebuzzi, Ricardo Ottoboni, Edson e Felipe, Fernando Figueiredo
 * music directed by: Márcio Vip Antonucci
 * cinematography: Manuel Neves
 * main titles by: Hans Donner, Nilton Nunes, Ruth Reis, Capy Ramazzina
 * director of photography: Luiz Paulo Nenem
 * executive producer: Flávio Goldemberg
 * production director: Marcelo Paranhos
 * art directed by: Ana Blota, Maurício Sherman
 * production: CENTRAL GLOBO DE PRODUÇÃO

DVD
In October 2009, Som Livre and Globo Marcas released a DVD trilogy focusing the show's best episodes:
 * Volume 1: A Princesa Pirata e As Aventuras do Supercão
 * Volume 2: A Carrocinha do Amor e outras histórias
 * Volume 3: Inimigos Para Sempre e a dupla Rodoválio e Gumercindo.

title: TV Colosso


text:
Tahay

Tahay (Taghaigh) is an island in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. The name originates from the Old Norse tagg-øy meaning island with a prominent hill. At 53 ha in area and with a central peak of 65 m, it is the largest of the group of uninhabited islands off the north east coast of North Uist.

The island is used for sheep grazing and peat cutting.

History
In 1846, six families who had been evicted from their homes on Pabbay to make way for sheep, moved to the previously uninhabited island of Tahay. Although the island has no arable land, they hoped to make a living from fishing. However this proved too hard and they gave up the struggle in the 1850s and emigrated to Australia.

Tahay is owned by the Scottish Government.

title: Tahay


text: User talk:69.192.217.5

title: User talk:69.192.217.5


text:
Dean Haglund

Dean Haglund (born July 29, 1965) is a Canadian actor, known for the role of Richard "Ringo" Langly, one of The Lone Gunmen on The X-Files. Haglund is also a stand-up comedian, specializing in improvisational comedy, including work with the Vancouver TheatreSports League. In addition to The X-Files, he played the voice of Sid in Tom Sawyer, Haglund also portrayed Langly in the spin-off The Lone Gunmen, which aired thirteen episodes in 2001. He is the inventor of the Chill Pak, a commercial external cooling product for laptop computers.

Early life and education
Haglund was born in Oakbank, Manitoba, Canada, and is the son of a structural engineer. His father is Swedish.

Career
After his roles on X-Files and The Lone Gunmen, Haglund appeared briefly in a documentary-style production called "From Here to Andromeda", released in 2007. The production has UFOs and extraterrestrials as a central theme. On October 30, 2009, he hosted Ghost Adventures Live on the Travel Channel. In a throwback to X-Files, Dean appeared in episode 95 of Bones as restaurant owner Blaine Miller in Roswell where Booth and Bones are sent to investigate a possible extraterrestrial sighting. He was on the advisory board of Sci-Fest, the first annual Los Angeles Science Fiction One-Act Play Festival, held in May 2014.

In June 2015, Haglund emigrated to Sydney, Australia with his girlfriend and their two dogs, and now lives in Newtown. Haglund's relocation to Australia nearly resulted in the removal of a planned cameo by the Lone Gunmen in the episode "Babylon" of the revived tenth season of The X-Files. However, he was informed by Bruce Harwood that the producers were looking for him, and contacted them to film the appearance. He currently hosts the Chillpak Hollywood Hour podcast, where he discusses all things Hollywood with independent filmmaker Phil Leirness.

Television

 * The Commish (1992-1994) - Drug Dealer / Zack ("Video Vigilante" and "Working Girls")
 * Street Justice (1993) - Junkie ("The Wall")
 * The X-Files (1994-2018) - Richard Langly
 * Sliders (1995) - Stockboy ("Fever")
 * Lonesome Dove: The Series (1995) - Nathan Silas ("The Return")
 * Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show (1998) - Mr. Coolidge ("Honey, It's No Fun Being an Illegal Alien")
 * Home Improvement (1999) - Guy ("Young at Heart")
 * V.I.P. (1999-2000) - Himself ("Val Goes to Town" and "Throw Val from the Train")
 * The Lone Gunmen (2001) - Richard Langly
 * Bones (2010) - Blaine Miller ("The X in the Files")
 * Femme Fatales (2011) - Kip ("Girls Gone Dead")
 * The Icarus II Project (2011) - Bernie ("Jessica")

Film

 * The X-Files (1998) - Richard Langly
 * Spectres (2004) - Dr. Halsey
 * Face of Terror (2004) - Timmons
 * Dead & Deader (2006) - Funeral Home Director (TV Movie)
 * Atlantis Down (2010) - Jack Spano
 * Geek USA (2013) - Sloan
 * The Lady Killers (2017) - Paul Lewis

title: Dean Haglund


text:
Corigliano

Corigliano may refer to:

Places

 * Corigliano Calabro, a place in the Province of Cosenza, Calabria, Italy
 * Corigliano d'Otranto, a municipality in the Province of Lecce, Apulia, Italy
 * Corigliano-Rossano, a municipality in the province of Cosenza, Calabria, Italy

People

 * Enzo Corigliano (born 1997), French squash player
 * John Corigliano (born 1938), American composer of classical music

title: Corigliano


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Members of MPA 2005

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 13:34, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

Members of MPA 2005
Delete. Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information. — Fingers-of-Pyrex 20:38, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Fingers-of-Pyrex -Harmil 20:49, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Keep. It just as worth while as a list of members of parliament. It's level is part of the Birth Place/Grave Yard of UK politicians. If some one every get around to writting the much needed Political COntrol of UK Police Forces it will be a useful example.--Jirate 20:50, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, as above. And are those phone numbers in the last section? --Carnildo 22:00, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per User:Fingers-of-Pyrex. JamesBurns 08:14, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as above. Radiant_ >|< 12:17, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per User:Fingers-of-Pyrex. --Wikiacc (talk) 19:29, July 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep this information is well presented, and I see nothing to gain by deleting it. Themindset 03:05, 1 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Piotr Sztompka

Piotr Sztompka (born 2 March 1944, in Warsaw, Poland ) is a Polish sociologist known for his work on the theory of social trust. He is professor of sociology at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland, and has also frequently served as visiting professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, and at Columbia University in New York City.

From 2002 to 2006 he was the 15th president of the International Sociological Association.

Life
Sztompka studied law and sociology at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland, obtaining a Ph.D. degree there in 1970.

Two years later, he was awarded a Fulbright scholarship to the University of California, Berkeley. Since 1974 he has been on the faculty of its Sociology Department, as a teaching assistant and subsequently as a professor.

In the 1970s, Sztompka established a close collaboration with Robert K. Merton, which greatly influenced Sztompka's view of the discipline.

Sztompka has also taught as visiting professor at Columbia University, the University of Michigan, Johns Hopkins University, the University of Rome, and Tischner European University. He is a fellow of the Collegium Invisibile.

Contributions
Sztompka's principal sociological interests include the social phenomenon of trust, social change, and, recently, visual sociology.

Works

 * System and Function (Studies in Anthropology, 1974).
 * Sociological Dilemmas (1979).
 * Robert K. Merton: an Intellectual Profile (1986)
 * The New Technological Challenge and Socialist Societies (editor, 1987).
 * Rethinking Progress (with Jeffrey C. Alexander, 1990).
 * Society in Action: the Theory of Social Becoming (1991).
 * Sociology in Europe: in Search of Identity (with Birgitta Nedelmann, 1993).
 * The Sociology of Social Change (1993).
 * Agency and Structure: Reorienting Social Theory (International Studies in Global Change, vol. 4; editor, 1994).
 * Robert K. Merton, On Social Structure and Science (editor), Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1996, ISBN 0-226-52070-6.
 * Trust: a Sociological Theory (1999).

title: Piotr Sztompka


text:
User:Tsk070

ca:Usuari:Tsk070 es:Usuario:Tsk070 eo:Vikipediisto:Tsk070 it:Utente:Tsk070

title: User:Tsk070


text:
Standard Steel Car Company

The Standard Steel Car Company (SSC) was a manufacturer of railroad rolling stock in the United States that existed between 1902 and 1934.

Established in 1902 in Butler, Pennsylvania by John M. Hansen and "Diamond Jim" Brady, the company quickly became one of the largest builders of steel cars in the United States. Pullman, Inc. purchased control of SSC in 1929 and merged it with Pullman Car & Manufacturing in 1934 to form Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company.

History
The overnight success of the Pressed Steel Car Company at the end of the 19th century spurred a flurry of competitors in the suddenly booming market for steel railroad cars. American Car & Foundry predecessor Michigan-Peninsular Car had produced steel frame cars beginning in 1897, American Steel Foundries produced steel cars in 1900, and the Cambria Steel Company opened a car plant at Johnstown, Pennsylvania in 1901. Pressed Steel Car's Chief Designer John M. Hansen and famed salesman "Diamond Jim" Brady left the company in 1901 to found SSC. With financial backing from Andrew Mellon, SSC was incorporated on January 2, 1902, broke ground for its new half-mile long plant in Butler in April, and produced its first car                      (Chesapeake & Ohio 23001) in August.

Hansen's carbuilding philosophy was the opposite of Pressed Steel Car founder Charles T. Schoen's. Schoen believed that each part of a car should be cut and shaped (pressed) from sheet steel to minimize weight and the need for assemblies of small parts while maximizing strength. The custom stamping dies and assemblies needed for this work were expensive and uneconomical in small quantities. Hansen preferred to use standard steel shapes that were already widely available from the steel mills at economical cost. SSC's earliest production reflected this: a steel hopper with side posts made from standard channel and angle shapes became the company's signature product, building over 7,500 through 1907.

Expansion was immediate. Capacity was increased first to 60 cars a day, then 125 cars a day in 1903. Production peaked at 29,411 cars in 1907, 2,836 of those built in January of that year. In October of 1907, a ladle full of 9,000 lbs. of molten steel, exploded, killing 4 workers instantly, fatally wounding 20 others, and severely injuring 10 more. SSC would bounce back from this disaster. SSC's subsidiary, Standard Car Truck Company, opened at New Castle, Pennsylvania in 1906, and a second SSC plant opened at Hammond, Indiana in 1907. Hansen established a car shop in LaRochelle, France for SSC in 1917, and SSC also controlled a plant in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. SSC also entered the field of automobile production in 1913 with the Standard Eight, which in 1919 had 83 horsepower (62 kW). Automobile production ended in 1921.

"Diamond Jim" Brady died in 1917, and Hansen retired from the presidency in 1923, succeeded by Colonel James Frank Drake. Hansen stayed on as board chairman until his death in December 1929. That same month, Pullman Inc. agreed to purchase SSC for 610,000 shares of Pullman stock (worth approximately $51 million) and $6 million in cash. SSC continued to operate independently for several years as the Great Depression brought business to an almost standstill. Merger with Pullman Car & Manufacturing in 1934 created Pullman-Standard, a second giant car builder to rival American Car & Foundry. Pullman continued to operate at Butler until it exited the railroad car business in 1982, and sold the plant to Trinity Industries in 1984. Trinity Industries left the plant in 1993, and in 2005 the plant had been completely demolished. In 2011, a jumbo grain car built by Pullman-Standard in June 1974, was restored and brought to Pullman Square, to serve as a monument to the workers of Standard Steel Car Company and Pullman-Standard.

Acquisitions
SSC gained control of a number of other car builders during its existence.

 * Middletown Car Works (Middletown, Pennsylvania) by 1909
 * South Baltimore Car & Foundry (Baltimore, Maryland) by 1910
 * Keith Car & Manufacturing Company (Sagamore, Massachusetts) by 1912
 * Osgood Bradley Car Company (Worcester, Massachusetts) by 1913
 * Illinois Car & Manufacturing (Chicago Heights and Hammond, Indiana) by 1928
 * Richmond Car Works (Richmond, Virginia) by 1928
 * Siems-Stembel Company (St. Paul, Minnesota) by 1928
 * Canton Car Company (Canton, Ohio) by 1934

title: Standard Steel Car Company


text:
Talk:Bolivarian Revolution

Population change
In the reliable sources included, it states that following the Bolivarian Revolution many Venezuelans left the country. Is there another place for this information? Since the sources state that is related to the Bolivarian Revolution, then where should this material be added?

 * I have a hard time believing you actually think this article is an appropriate place for this information. Stop POV pushing.--Riothero (talk) 04:34, 22 September 2014 (UTC)

 * It is just cited information from a reliable source, not a POV.-- ZiaLater  ( talk  ) 05:19, 22 September 2014 (UTC)
 * i am not questioning the information about the rise in venezuelan emigration, only the appropriateness of placing this information in the current article (about a particular social and political movement). --Riothero (talk) 17:53, 22 September 2014 (UTC)
 * you say you want to use the talk pages more, but you never engage my concerns, or use reasoned argument to explain your position. what the heck? --Riothero (talk) 05:50, 23 September 2014 (UTC)
 * the population change does not "involve" the bolivarian revolution. it is not one of the ideological principles of this social and political movement, not is it related to any of the movement's social programs. the only connection comes from opinions of government critics. to defend the connection on this basis is POV-pushing par excellence. btw, el nuevo herald is not a reliable source.--Riothero (talk) 06:00, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

 * Again, cited in reliable sources. It says that following the BR, millions of Venezuelans left.-- ZiaLater  (User talk:ZiaLater talk  ) 06:18, 23 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Add a POV tag if you want to. I will find more sources.-- ZiaLater  ( talk  ) 06:20, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

Ugh, I don't want to read through the latest yelling match from you two on your way to second bans for edit warring, so I'll just say this here rather than respond to any one point... I looked through some of the sources and they do tie the population exodus to the revolution, so it's a relevant sub-topic here. However, it seems to be more of a consequence of the revolution than a defining component of it, so the level of detail/prominence the section is given comes across as undue weight. My opinion is that the section needs to be pared-down.  Mbinebri  talk ← 15:14, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

 * Could you help us with this? Maybe an article with the same title that is linked from this article?-- ZiaLater  ( talk  ) 16:32, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

 * There is precedence for an overall emigration/diaspora topic—i.e., Brazilian diaspora or Emigration from Ecuador, although the general trend seems to be creating articles specifically covering emigration from one country to another. Venezuela already has a template for it.  Creating an article on the so-called "Bolivarian diaspora" would come across, IMO, as a political attack piece by implying all Venezuelan emigration is due to the revolution.  The reason Rio disputes the emigration content in this article seems to be that the content is suffering from the correlation equals causation fallacy.  Are the sources used here all explicitly blaming emigration on Chavez's policies?  I haven't looked through them, but any that don't do so don't belong here—merely stating correlation isn't good enough—and it's not a good idea to carry that problem over into it's own article.  A stand-alone article should cover the overall emigration topic without dedicating itself to political blaming.    Mbinebri   talk ← 01:58, 25 September 2014 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the help Mbinebri. The Newsweek article titled "Hugo Chavez is Scaring Away Talent" states that "now after a decade of the so-called Bolivarian revolution, tens of thousands of disillusioned Venezuelan professionals have had enough. Artists, lawyers, physicians, managers and engineers are leaving the country by droves, while those already abroad are scrapping plans to return". In the El Universal article, it explains that many leave due to insecurity, but also due to policies. Stated policy issues include " the current economic crisis, associated to policy issues. Government control policies have resulted in the closure of businesses and the loss of sources of jobs" and "Lack of liberties, i.e. not being able to speak your mind".-- ZiaLater  ( talk  ) 04:00, 25 September 2014 (UTC)
 * The Reuters article titled "Venezuelans, fleeing Chavez, seek U.S. safety net" also explains how Chavez and his policies may have encouraged Venezuelans to leave.-- ZiaLater  ( talk  ) 04:11, 25 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Those are good examples of stated causation. It would obviously be worth mentioning/discussing in an article on Venezuelan emigration.    Mbinebri   talk ← 22:52, 26 September 2014 (UTC)

 * May I suggest "Demographics of Venezuela" as a more appropriate place for information about rising emigration--as opposed to a stand-alone article--which would seem to give undue weight to what I recognize is a real issue.--Riothero (talk) 00:33, 27 September 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't know. That article seems concise and neutral, and and mostly about listing brief statistics.  A giant "Chavez's crappy policies drove everyone away!" section would feel highly misplaced IMO.    Mbinebri   talk ← 03:06, 28 September 2014 (UTC)
 * That is why I am asking if we should create an article for this info and then place a small summary of it here since the two are related. I don't think we should have a large section here or on the demographics article since it would be large and POV. An article may be the best way to go. What do you think Mbinebri?--  ZiaLater  ( talk  ) 05:16, 3 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Alright Mbinebri, its done. I have created the article since there are no locations that would neutrally portray the subject. Take a look to see how it is before we make further decisions please.-- ZiaLater  ( talk  ) 02:57, 4 October 2014 (UTC)

 * The neutral location for such content would be, as I already said, within a "Venezuelan emigration" article, but once again you couldn't go the NPOV route. Your need to reduce Venezuela-related topics to disparagement of the government is literally insatiable.  You even cite this discussion in the new article's edit summary as the reason for creating it as if there was a consensus here, when the only one who wanted the topic presented in such a way was you.  I would ask if you're really this dense, but you add "no accusations" in the edit summary because apparently you can see as well as anybody that this looks like more of your anti-government crusade.    Mbinebri   talk ← 04:46, 4 October 2014 (UTC)

 * I think Mbinebri's point is that such POV would be misplaced anywhere on Wikipedia. If you were to take a neutral approach to the topic (READ: entirely different from your approach here, which is to attribute blame for the emigration), that'd be a different story... --Riothero (talk) 05:26, 4 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Mbinebri, you did not mention to put the information "within a "Venezuelan emigration" article" anywhere, maybe you misread where you were talking about the Emigration from Ecuador article. I did not know that a Venezuelan emigration article existed if you meant to place it in one. You also may have been insisting to make one, though you said that "the general trend seems to be creating articles specifically covering emigration from one country to another". I admit that I may have misread our discussion as well since you said this may come out as an attack article. The way you described correlation does not equal causation seemed as if you were saying that if the sources explicitly stated that the Bolivarian Revolution was the cause (which they did), then the content would be acceptable. So before you accuse me of not going a "NPOV route" or of a "anti-government crusade", please just state what is wrong as we are both trying to our best here. I created the article so it would not be undue on the Bolivarian Revolution article and so it could be more neutral since I have since deleted the extra information in the article. The reason I placed that "no accusations" in my edit caption is so we could all edit civilly instead of continuing this. I have never tried to accuse anyone of anything because I know how it feels to be the accused and it really does not help with anything at all.-- ZiaLater  ( talk  ) 19:15, 4 October 2014 (UTC)

Moved from article for cleanup
I've moved this chunk of new text to talk for examination and cleanup. First, large portions are uncited. Second, it reads like an essay. Third, some copyvio checks vs. offline sources are in order because of the tone of the writing, dropped in by one new editor; some spot checks of what the sources say compared to what was added would help. Sandy Georgia (Talk) 05:42, 6 December 2014 (UTC)

Internationalism
The "Bolivarian Revolution" under Chávez also refocused Venezuelan foreign policy on Latin American economic and social integration by enacting bilateral trade and reciprocal aid agreements, including his so-called "oil diplomacy", which provided cheap oil to poor neighbouring nations. Chávez regularly portrayed his movement's objectives as being in intractable conflict with neocolonialism and neoliberalism. Beyond Latin America, the oil tool of Chávez had international reach.

A main feature of the Chávez regime's policy focused on the employ of oil revenues to accomplish objectives domestically and in terms of foreign policy. In promoting the Bolivarian brand of socialism, oil was used to support policies in line with the aims of the socialist campaign and to confront the neoliberal model that has characterized international relations for decades. Included in these projects were undertakings such as those listed in Section 3. Regionally and internationally, however, oil was used tangibly and intangibly through economic exchanges and the support of ideological alliances.

It is important to understand that Bolivarian socialism under Chávez and its ability to further the socialist cause hinged on oil revenues. Among the earliest objectives of the Chávez administration was the need to bring Petróleos de Venezuela (PdVSA) under greater state control in order to redirect revenues toward the state, itself. The reason for this was two-fold: first, it would diminish the longstanding U.S. ties to PdVSA and the neoliberal infrastructure which had been predominant; second, consolidated state control would allow the Chávez government to use revenues as it deemed appropriate. The reforms to consolidate power meant massive layoffs and a restructuring of the company’s personnel and business models. Under the new socialist agenda, those who had longstanding ties with the U.S. and its neoliberal strategies were dismissed from senior and intermediate positions so that supporters of the new administration could replace capitalist elements of the work force. In doing this, Chávez challenged the United States.

Following his domestic changes to the oil sector, Chávez set out to strengthen his position with the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and called for greater unity among its members. For Venezuela, pursuit of a strengthened rapport with OPEC members would not only reinforce ideological principles but would lead to a better standing within OPEC, itself, and afford Venezuela greater control over world oil prices. The OPEC connection was a medium that led to the forging of new relationships with countries whose policies ran counter to those of many Western states, especially the United States. By 2007, for example, Chávez and Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad had so solidified their association that the two declared an “Axis of Unity” to defeat the “imperialism of North America”. Tangibly, however, the bond manifested through growing trade that developed between Venezuela and Iran. Bilateral commercial agreements rose from US$1 million in 2004 to more than $57 million by 2008. Chávez was also an outspoken critic of the U.S. war in Iraq, much to the dissatisfaction of the Bush administration which went so far as to accuse him of being complicit in supporting terrorist activities.

Partnership and collaboration ambitions on the part of the Chávez administration continued beyond the realm of the OPEC cartel. Through Chávez, foreign policy hinged on using oil as a tool to support ideological allies and other Leftist governments within Latin America. Relationships with Fidel Castro of Cuba and Evo Morales of Bolivia are but two examples of the alliances Chávez cultivated with Leftist governments. By way of the National Economic and Development Plan of 2007, the Bolivarian socialist regime formally declared energy development as a cornerstone in designing a new geopolitical map. In both South and Central America, Venezuelan oil wealth was helping to further the socialist cause through joint reciprocal trade agreements. The Chávez regime made barter deals with the governments of Argentina and Uruguay such that oil would be supplied at subsidized rates in exchange for goods such as meat and milk, and industrial services for the Venezuelan state. Ties to Colombia’s guerilla groups including the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) and the Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN) were supported by Venezuela’s oil revenues as well. Aside from attempting to create a veritable South American oil block through refinery agreements with Brazil and Bolivia, Chávez also integrated Cuba into the hemispheric objectives of the Bolivarian Revolution.

Estimates suggest that in the ten year period between 1999 and 2009, Venezuelan regional and international cooperation commitments amounted to nearly US$40 billion - more than four times the total of U.S. foreign aid contributions. Attempting to alleviate pressures put on Latin American countries through the Bretton Woods institutions of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank, for example, the socialist agenda went so far as to monetarily unburden its neighbors from the captivity of Washington Consensus-type conditions. In doing this, the Chávez government and its Bolivarian movement put forth an alternative to the neoliberal design by undermining the status quo trade relationships that depended on free market principles. Barter deals and seemingly unconventional exchanges of goods and services for oil circumvented currency and created new forms of bilateral relations in Latin America. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Riothero (talk • contribs) 21:12, 26 December 2014 (UTC)

In light of the bonds created through OPEC, the ideological commonalities found in Latin America, and anti-West sentiments shared in other parts of the world, the Chávez government used oil to propel its interests into the international arena. Forging connections regionally and abroad lent magnitude to the reach of the Chávez regime and afforded it the opportunity to gain a broad audience for its cause.

Sandbox

 * Talk:Bolivarian Revolution/sandbox1

I put the text above into a sandbox to begin cleaning up. Does anyone have access to any of these sources? There is a lot of uncited text, and I've removed some of the essay portions. Much of what is expressed is author opinion, so whatever is kept must be attributed (as in, according to John Doe, writing in Book Title (2007), such and so text ... Sandy Georgia (Talk) 17:55, 6 December 2014 (UTC)

Decline
Well, I added information about the Bolivarian Revolution's decline. It may make a comeback, it may not, but for now we are seeing a decline. I just wanted to add a section here in case anyone wanted to discuss this edit.-- ZiaLater  ( talk  ) 01:11, 23 September 2016 (UTC)

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Infobox
Please do not change the infobox back to the "civil conflict" box. The Bolivarian Revolution is more of an event/movement, not a conflict. The politics in Venezuela were fairly rough before the death of Chávez, though it was mainly political at that time. The conflict really began around 2012 when the Crisis in Bolivarian Venezuela began. That is when lines were drawn and separate governments were formed.ZiaLater ( talk ) 10:25, 30 May 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. Community Tech bot (talk) 13:08, 25 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Hugo Chavez.jpg

POV
This article is disgustingly biased, so much so that I'd expect most was written in the employ of the United States government. Where's the context? Where's the balance of opinions from around the world, when they're so overwhelmingly against Amerikkkan foreign policy? What a joke. 216.208.210.178 (talk) 14:27, 20 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Could you please be more specific? There cannot be improvements unless more details are discussed. --NoonIcarus (talk) 14:07, 20 August 2021 (UTC)
 * I have reworded the most notable POV violation and introduced some nuisance while leaving the rest of the criticism intact. --2800:E2:27F:F15B:351A:8088:DBE5:FB4F (talk) 19:47, 24 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bolivarian Revolution