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Saturday Night's Main Event

Saturday Night's Main Event is an American series of professional wrestling television specials that were produced by WWE (known at the time of launch as the World Wrestling Federation). Premiering in 1985, it originally aired on NBC in the United States in place of Saturday Night Live for weeks when that show did not have new episodes until 1991. Two additional episodes aired on Fox in 1992. It was revived in 2006 for five NBC episodes before ending in 2008. In Canada, it also aired on Citytv and Global Television Network in order to meet simultaneous substitution rights.

At the time of the original airing, it was a rare example of professional wrestling being broadcast on an over-the-air commercial television network after the 1950s. It coincided with and contributed to the apogee of the "second golden age" of professional wrestling in the United States. In a time when weekly programming consisted primarily of established stars dominating enhancement talent, Saturday Night's Main Event was made up almost entirely of star vs. star bouts, including title matches and specialty matches such as steel cage matches, handicap matches, etc. With the exception of “Big Four” pay-per-view events, ‘’Saturday Night’s Main Event’’ served as the equivalent to today’s monthly pay-per-view events. Because it aired in a late night time slot, ‘’Saturday Night’s Main Event’’ always held its main event match in the first hour of the show.

All episodes of Saturday Night's Main Event are available for streaming on Peacock in the United States and the WWE Network elsewhere, with some episodes slightly altered from their original broadcasts. On these platforms, the May 1985 to January 1988 episodes do not have the original opening and closing theme songs. Additionally, sponsored segments that aired as part of the original broadcasts, such as the "Mountain Dew Slam of the Night", have been removed.

In April 2022, WWE revived the Saturday Night's Main Event title for house shows held on Saturday nights.

Original run (1985–1992)
Saturday Night's Main Event debuted on May 11, 1985, in the late-night time slot normally assigned to reruns of the NBC sketch comedy Saturday Night Live. Then-SNL executive producer Dick Ebersol had made a deal with WWF owner Vince McMahon to produce the show, after Ebersol had seen the high ratings that two WWF specials drew on MTV in 1984–85: The Brawl to End It All and The War to Settle the Score. Although the show aired infrequently, it did, starting in 1986, settle into a predictable pattern of airdates: New Year's weekend, an episode in late February/early March, an episode in late April/early May, an episode in late September/early October, and Thanksgiving weekend. 1989 and 1990 both offered episodes in July promoted as "Summertime Bonus Editions."

Saturday Night's Main Event was a tremendous rating success for NBC during its heyday, most notably on the March 14, 1987, show, which drew an 11.6 rating, which to this day remains the highest rating any show has ever done in that time slot. That show was headlined by a battle royal involving Hulk Hogan and André the Giant, who were slated to face each other at WrestleMania III. As Hogan rarely wrestled on the WWF syndicated and cable television shows, Saturday Night's Main Event was the program on free television where most viewers were able to see him in action. The success of Saturday Night's Main Event led to several Friday night prime time specials, known as The Main Event. The first of these, on February 5, 1988, included a WrestleMania III rematch between Hogan and André and drew 33 million viewers and a 15.2 rating, which is still the highest-rated television show in American professional wrestling history. While ratings remained strong through 1990, they began to fall shortly thereafter. NBC, who had just acquired the rights to broadcast NBA games nationwide, now started to lose interest in wrestling, and Saturday Night's Main Event was dropped. Its final NBC airing occurred on April 27, 1991. Fox picked up the show in 1992, but it was only shown twice on that network; on February 8, 1992, and the final Saturday Night's Main Event of the original run was broadcast on November 14, 1992.

For much of its history, Saturday Night's Main Event was hosted by McMahon and Jesse "The Body" Ventura with the occasional use of Bobby Heenan in 1986 and 1987. In 1990, Roddy Piper replaced Ventura as McMahon's broadcast partner when Ventura left the WWF. On the two episodes that aired on Fox, Heenan served as McMahon's partner. From 1985 to 1988, the opening theme song for the NBC version was "Obsession" by Animotion with the closing theme being "Take Me Home" by Phil Collins, and also the beginning of "Take On Me" by a-ha was used for show bumpers. Steve Winwood's "Higher Love" was also used as a closing theme. Starting on the October 4, 1986 edition, each show featured a cold open of short wrestler promos set to a loop of the beginning of Lee Ritenour's "Traveling Music" from the American Flyers soundtrack. In February 1988, the songs were replaced with an original WWF-created instrumental theme. The new instrumental theme was originally used as the theme of the 1987 WWF Slammy Awards. A different opening theme song was used for the February 1992 episode.

Selected episodes were also shown in the UK on ITV in its weekly Saturday lunchtime World Of Sport slot, mainly thanks to the popularity of The British Bulldogs.

Revived run (2006–2008)
When WWE's flagship show, Raw, returned to the USA Network in 2005, Saturday Night's Main Event was revived in 2006 as a "special series" to air on occasion on NBC as part of a deal between WWE and NBCUniversal. The Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brand rosters appeared on the show.

Saturday Night's Main Event returned to NBC on March 18, 2006, in a prime-time slot. The first episode aired on a 1-hour time delay, the second episode aired live, with the three remaining episodes airing at a later date. Since 2009, Saturday Night's Main Event was replaced instead with WrestleMania: The World Television Premiere.

Saturday Night's Main Event I
Saturday Night's Main Event I took place May 10, 1985, from Uniondale, New York, in Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum, and aired May 11, 1985. The event aired on NBC and drew an 8.8 rating.

Saturday Night's Main Event II
Saturday Night's Main Event II took place on October 3, 1985, from East Rutherford, New Jersey, at the Brendan Byrne Arena, and aired on October 5, 1985. The event aired on NBC and drew an 8.3 rating.

During the broadcast, Uncle Elmer was legitimately married to Joyce Stazko.

Saturday Night's Main Event III
Saturday Night's Main Event III took place on October 31, 1985, from Hershey, Pennsylvania, at the Hersheypark Arena, and aired on November 2, 1985. The event aired on NBC and drew a 6.3 rating.

Saturday Night's Main Event IV
Saturday Night's Main Event IV took place on December 19, 1985, from Tampa, Florida, at the USF Sun Dome, and aired on January 4, 1986. The event aired on NBC and drew a 10.4 rating.

Saturday Night's Main Event V
Saturday Night's Main Event V took place on February 15, 1986, from Phoenix, Arizona, at the Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum, and aired on March 1, 1986. The event aired on NBC and drew a 10.0 rating.

Events during three of the matches – The Dream Team vs. The British Bulldogs for the WWF Tag Team Championship; Hulk Hogan vs. The Magnificent Muraco for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship; and Mr. T vs. "Battling" Bob Orton in a boxing match – helped set up three of the four major matches at WrestleMania 2.

The premiere airing of the video for "Real American," Hulk Hogan's entrance theme, took place.

Saturday Night's Main Event VI
Saturday Night's Main Event VI took place on May 1, 1986, from Providence, Rhode Island, at the Providence Civic Center, and aired on May 3, 1986. The show aired on NBC and drew a 9.3 rating.

Jake Roberts sneak-attacked Ricky Steamboat and took him out with his finisher, the DDT, on the arena's concrete floor prior to the match starting, helping set up a feud that continued through the summer and early fall of 1986.

Saturday Night's Main Event VII
Saturday Night's Main Event VII took place on September 13, 1986, from Richfield, Ohio, at the Coliseum at Richfield, and aired on October 4, 1986. The event aired on NBC and drew a 9.4 rating.

Saturday Night's Main Event VIII
Saturday Night's Main Event VIII took place on November 15, 1986, from Los Angeles, California, at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena, and aired on November 29, 1986. The event aired on NBC and drew a 9.7 rating.

Saturday Night's Main Event IX
Saturday Night's Main Event IX took place on December 14, 1986, from Hartford, Connecticut, at the Hartford Civic Center, and aired on January 3, 1987. The event aired on NBC and drew a 10.6 rating.

The steel cage match between Hulk Hogan and Paul Orndorff was initially declared a draw when both wrestlers escaped the cage at approximately the same time and two referees – Joey Marella and Danny Davis, the latter playing up his crooked referee gimmick – disputing the finish. When footage from the escape spot was deemed "inconclusive," the match was re-started and continued to Hogan gaining a decisive win over Orndorff.

Saturday Night's Main Event X
Saturday Night's Main Event X took place on February 21, 1987, from Detroit, Michigan, at the Joe Louis Arena, and aired on March 14, 1987. The event aired on NBC and drew an 11.6 rating.

Saturday Night's Main Event XI
Saturday Night's Main Event XI took place on April 28, 1987, from Notre Dame, Indiana, at the Edmund P. Joyce Center, and aired May 2, 1987. The event aired on NBC and drew a 9.5 rating.

While a match featuring Hulk Hogan was not included in the show, a pre-taped interview with comments regarding WrestleMania III and a possible future rematch was included. A separate interview with Andre the Giant and Bobby Heenan, also reflecting on WrestleMania III, also aired.

Saturday Night's Main Event XII
Saturday Night's Main Event XII took place on September 23, 1987, from Hershey, Pennsylvania, at the Hersheypark Arena, and aired October 3, 1987. The event aired on NBC and drew a 9.7 rating.

As the result of events during the Randy Savage vs. The Honky Tonk Man match – a beatdown of Savage by Honky and The Hart Foundation, and Hulk Hogan running in to save Savage – The Mega Powers alliance of Hogan, Savage and Miss Elizabeth was formed. The music video for "Piledriver" (as performed by Koko B. Ware), the title track of the WWF's second album of entrance music and performances by the wrestlers, debuted.

Saturday Night's Main Event XIII
Saturday Night's Main Event XIII took place on November 11, 1987, from Seattle, Washington, at the Seattle Center Coliseum, and aired November 28, 1987 on NBC.

Andre the Giant accompanied King Kong Bundy and Bobby Heenan to the ring for Bundy's match vs. Hulk Hogan. Midway through the match, Andre was ejected from ringside for attempting to interfere in the match; as he returned to the locker room, he shoved a WWF cameraman to the floor.

Brian Bosworth, linebacker for the Seattle Seahawks, was shown in the audience.

Saturday Night's Main Event XIV
Saturday Night's Main Event XIV took place on December 7, 1987, from Landover, Maryland, at the Capital Centre, and aired on January 2, 1988 on NBC.

During the Hulk Hogan-King Kong Bundy match, referee Jack Krueger was accidentally caught and knocked out by Bundy in an attempt to avalanche Hogan; the match was briefly interrupted as a new referee, Dave Hebner, took Krueger's place. Following the match, Andre the Giant sneak-attacked Hogan and choked him to the brink of unconsciousness, fighting off several wrestlers who came to aid Hogan; this served as one of the build-ups to the Hogan-Andre match on The Main Event, which aired February 5, 1988.

Saturday Night's Main Event XV
Saturday Night's Main Event XV took place on March 7, 1988, from Nashville, Tennessee, at the Nashville Municipal Auditorium, and aired on March 12, 1988. Although there were 10,000 in attendance, it was reportedly a heavily papered event. The event aired on NBC and drew a 10.0 rating.

During the tapings, Don Muraco vs Butch Reed was taped but aired on Prime Time Wrestling on April 11, 1988.

The match between Hulk Hogan and Harley Race saw Race lay Hogan across a table outside the ring and attempted to hit a diving headbutt from the ring apron, but Hogan moved out of the way and Race crashed through the table, suffering a legitimate injury that would eventually force him into retirement in 1991.

After the Ted DiBiase and André the Giant match, Hogan appeared at ringside to clear the ring of DiBiase and Virgil after they began a post-match beatdown of Randy "Macho Man" Savage.

The match between The Islanders (Haku and Tama) and The Killer Bees (Jim Brunzell and B. Brian Blair) was a two-out-of-three-falls match, however only the first fall was televised.

Saturday Night's Main Event XVI
Saturday Night's Main Event XVI took place on April 22, 1988, from Springfield, Massachusetts, at the Springfield Civic Center, and aired April 30, 1988 on NBC. This was the first Saturday Night's Main Event to not feature Hulk Hogan in any of the televised matches or interviews, as he had taken a leave of absence around this time to begin filming No Holds Barred.

Saturday Night's Main Event XVII
Saturday Night's Main Event XVII took place on October 25, 1988, from Baltimore, Maryland, at the Baltimore Arena, and aired October 29, 1988. The event aired on NBC and drew an 8.7 rating.

Saturday Night's Main Event XVIII
Saturday Night's Main Event XVIII took place on November 16, 1988, from Sacramento, California, at the ARCO Arena, and aired November 26, 1988. The event aired on NBC and drew a 9.4 rating.

During the show, Brother Love conducted a special interview Hulk Hogan and Slick.

Saturday Night's Main Event XIX
Saturday Night's Main Event XIX took place on December 7, 1988, from Tampa, Florida, at the USF Sun Dome, and aired January 7, 1989 on NBC.

Events during and after the Hulk Hogan-Akeem match – Randy Savage declining to make the save and run off Akeem and Big Boss Man while they were beating down Hogan, but Savage immediately running to ringside when the heels were threatening to beat up Miss Elizabeth, and then Savage questioning Elizabeth as she tended to a beaten Hogan – helped foreshadow the later heel turn by Savage at The Main Event II in February.

George Steinbrenner was shown in the front row during this event, and Bobby "The Brain" Heenan at one point remarked about the guy he managed in the ring at the time to Steinbrenner "I've got a ring full of Winfields".

Saturday Night's Main Event XX
Saturday Night's Main Event XX took place on February 16, 1989, from Hershey, Pennsylvania, at the Hersheypark Arena, and aired March 11, 1989. The event aired on NBC and drew a 10.0 rating.

During the event, Mean Gene Okerlund conducted a special interview with Miss Elizabeth to publicly announce whose corner she will be in at WrestleMania V.

Saturday Night's Main Event XXI
Saturday Night's Main Event XXI took place on April 25, 1989, from Des Moines, Iowa, at the Veterans Memorial Auditorium, and aired May 27, 1989 on NBC.

During the steel cage match between Hulk Hogan and Big Boss Man, Hogan superplexed Boss Man from over the top of the cage to the mat, briefly knocking both wrestlers out. Prior to the match, Tommy Lister Jr., in-character as his No Holds Barred movie role of Zeus (the movie's villain), came to ringside and stood in front of the cage entrance, beating down Hogan after daring him to "move me!"

Saturday Night's Main Event XXII
Saturday Night's Main Event XXII took place on July 18, 1989, from Worcester, Massachusetts, at the Worcester Centrum, and aired July 29, 1989 on NBC.

During the Randy Savage-Brutus Beefcake match, Zeus appeared at ringside and interfered on Savage's behalf. Hulk Hogan came to aid Beefcake but was unable to hurt Zeus. The events of this match was one of the pieces to help set up the main event of SummerSlam.

Saturday Night's Main Event XXIII
Saturday Night's Main Event XXIII took place September 21, 1989, from Cincinnati, Ohio, at the Riverfront Coliseum, and aired October 14, 1989. The show was attended by 14,000 people, of which 12,000 were paid. The event aired on NBC and drew a 9.5 rating.

Saturday Night's Main Event XXIV
Saturday Night's Main Event XXIV took place October 31, 1989, from Topeka, Kansas, at the Sunflower State Expocentre, and aired November 25, 1989. The event aired on NBC and drew an 8.7 rating.

Saturday Night's Main Event XXV
Saturday Night's Main Event XXV took place January 3, 1990, from Chattanooga, Tennessee, at the UTC Arena, and aired January 27, 1990. The event aired on NBC and drew an 11.1 rating.

Saturday Night's Main Event XXVI
Saturday Night's Main Event XXVI took place on April 23, 1990, from Austin, Texas, at the Frank Erwin Center, and aired April 28, 1990 on NBC.

Saturday Night's Main Event XXVII
Saturday Night's Main Event XXVII took place July 16, 1990, from Omaha, Nebraska, at the Omaha Civic Auditorium, and aired July 28, 1990. The event aired on NBC and drew a 7.2 rating.

This event saw the debut in WWF of The Texas Tornado.

Saturday Night's Main Event XXVIII
Saturday Night's Main Event XXVIII took place September 18, 1990, from Toledo, Ohio, at the Toledo Sports Arena, and aired October 13, 1990 on NBC.

During the match between Randy Savage and Dusty Rhodes, Ted DiBiase attacked Dusty's son Dustin Rhodes.

Saturday Night's Main Event XXIX
Saturday Night's Main Event XXIX took place April 15, 1991, from Omaha, Nebraska, at the Omaha Civic Auditorium, and aired April 27, 1991. The event drew 9,400 people of which 7,000 were paid. The event aired on NBC and drew a 7.7 rating. Following this event, Saturday Night's Main Event aired two episodes on FOX in 1992, the series then ended until returning to NBC for 5 additional specials beginning in 2006 with Saturday Night's Main Event XXXII.

Saturday Night's Main Event XXX
Saturday Night's Main Event XXX took place on January 27, 1992, from Lubbock, Texas, at the Lubbock Municipal Coliseum, and aired February 8, 1992. The event was the first Saturday Night's Main Event to air on Fox and drew an 8.2 rating and 14.3 million viewers.

Prematch stipulation of the Roddy Piper and The Mountie match for the WWF Intercontinental Championship, stated Bret Hart would face the winner at WrestleMania VIII.

The Legion of Doom (Road Warrior Hawk and Road Warrior Animal) were originally scheduled to take on The Beverly Brothers (Blake Beverly and Beau Beverly), however The Legion of Doom were replaced by Sgt. Slaughter and Jim Duggan.

Following the match between Randy Savage and Jake Roberts, the telecast ended with Miss Elizabeth coming to the ring and celebrating with Savage. A week later during Superstars, it was revealed that Roberts prepared to hit Miss Elizabeth with a steel chair as soon as she stepped backstage, only for The Undertaker to prevent the attack and allow Savage to hit Roberts with a chair of his own.

Saturday Night's Main Event XXXI
Saturday Night's Main Event XXXI took place October 27, 1992, from Terre Haute, Indiana, at the Hulman Center, and aired November 14, 1992. The event aired on Fox and drew a 6.1 rating and 10.6 million viewers. This event was the second and final Saturday Night's Main Event to air on FOX, and the final Saturday Night's Main Event for almost 14 years, until the series returned in 2006 with Saturday Night's Main Event XXXII.

Saturday Night's Main Event XXXII
Saturday Night's Main Event XXXII took place on March 18, 2006, from Detroit, Michigan, at the Cobo Arena. The event aired on a 1-hour tape delay on NBC in the United States and Citytv in Canada with the former network drawing a 3.1 rating. This marked the first Saturday Night's Main Event since 1992 when Saturday Night's Main Event XXXI aired on FOX, and the first on NBC since Saturday Night's Main Event XXIX in 1991.

Mickie James and Trish Stratus fought over the WWE Women's Championship at New Year's Revolution, with Stratus retaining. In the months that followed, James' obsession with Stratus grew to the point that she confessed to Stratus that she was in love with her. James made an attempt to kiss Stratus at Saturday Night's Main Event XXXII, after the duo defeated Candice Michelle and Victoria. After she was rebuffed, James attacked Stratus and later vowed to destroy her.

Jim Ross, Jerry Lawler, and Tazz are the commentators.

Saturday Night's Main Event XXXIII
Saturday Night's Main Event XXXIII took place July 15, 2006, from Dallas, Texas, at the American Airlines Center. The event drew 17,343 people, of which 14,500 were paid. The event aired live on NBC, and drew a 2.6 rating.

Jim Ross and Jerry Lawler are the commentators for Raw, Michael Cole and John Layfield are the commentators for SmackDown, and Joey Styles and Tazz are the commentators for ECW. Justin Roberts was the ring announcer.

Saturday Night's Main Event XXXIV
Saturday Night's Main Event XXXIV took place on May 28, 2007, from Toronto, Ontario, Canada at the Air Canada Centre, and aired June 2, 2007. The event drew 16,176 of which 14,000 were paid. The event aired on NBC and drew a 2.2 rating.

Michael Cole and Jerry Lawler are the commentators. Ashley Massaro, Kristal Marshall, Torrie Wilson, Candice Michelle and Michelle McCool are the various guest ring announcers.

Saturday Night's Main Event XXXV
Saturday Night's Main Event XXXV took place on August 13, 2007, from New York City at Madison Square Garden, and aired August 18, 2007. The event drew 16,827 of which 13,500 were paid. The event aired on NBC and drew a 2.5 rating.

Michael Cole and Jim Ross are the commentators. The guest commentators are John Layfield and Tazz.

Saturday Night's Main Event XXXVI
Saturday Night's Main Event XXXVI took place on July 28, 2008, from Washington, D.C., at the Verizon Center, and aired August 2, 2008. The event aired on NBC as a 1-hour special, and drew a 1.4 rating. The event drew 14,722 of which 12,000 were paid.

Jim Ross and Jerry Lawler are the commentators. CM Punk was the guest commentator for the first televised match.

VHS release
During the original run, Coliseum Video released two cassettes of Saturday Night's Main Event: Saturday Night's Main Event's Greatest Hits which contained six matches from 1985 to 1987 and More Saturday Night's Main Event containing nine matches from 1988 to 1989.

In 1992, the WWF released through Columbia House, Best of Saturday Night's Main Event (Collector's Edition) comprising five matches from 1988 to 1990.

DVD release
On February 10, 2009, the WWE released a three-disc DVD set on the history of Saturday Night's Main Event. The set includes more than 30 full matches and several non-wrestling segments. Among these are highlights of Uncle Elmer's wedding, Hulk Hogan's "Real American" music video, and Mr. Perfect smashing Hogan's WWF World Heavyweight Championship belt. The first match in the program's history, a six-man tag team match pitting the U.S. Express (Mike Rotundo and Barry Windham) teaming with Ricky Steamboat defeating the team of WWF Tag Team Champions Nikolai Volkoff and The Iron Sheik and their partner George "The Animal" Steele, is included as an extra. Also, two other notable matches are included, both from the program's spinoff The Main Event. The first is a February 1988 rematch from WrestleMania III pitting Hogan against André the Giant, the second a Mega Powers' (Hogan and Randy Savage) bout against the Twin Towers (The Big Boss Man and Akeem) from February 1989. Both had direct implications on each year's WrestleMania: the Hogan-Andre match led to the WWF title being vacated until WrestleMania IV while the Mega Powers-Twin Towers match led to the breakup of the Mega Powers and Hogan eventually defeating Randy Savage to win the WWF title at WrestleMania V.

In the WrestleMania 22 DVD, the XXXII edition was included in the 2nd disc in its entirety.

title: Saturday Night's Main Event


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List of Indian state legislative assembly elections

Members of the State Legislative Assembly, the only house of State Legislature in 22 states and 3 union territories of India and the lower house of 6 states, are elected by being voted upon by all adult citizens of India enlisted in the voter list of their respective state/union territory, from a set of candidates who stand in their respective constituencies. Every adult citizen of India can vote only in their constituency. Candidates who win the State Legislative Assembly elections are called 'Member of the Legislative Assembly' and hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the Governor of the respective state and Lieutenant Governor of the respective union territory on the advice of the Council of Ministers of the state/union territory headed by the Chief Minister. The assemblies meet on matters relating to creation of new laws, removing or improving the existing laws of the state as defined in the State List. Elections take place once in five years to elect the members for the state legislative assemblies.

Current legislative assemblies in India

 * Union territory

Legislative Assembly elections by states

 * 1) Elections in Andhra Pradesh
 * 2) Elections in Arunachal Pradesh
 * 3) Elections in Assam
 * 4) Elections in Bihar
 * 5) Elections in Chhattisgarh
 * 6) Elections in Delhi
 * 7) Elections in Goa
 * 8) Elections in Gujarat
 * 9) Elections in Haryana
 * 10) Elections in Himachal Pradesh
 * 11) Elections in Jammu and Kashmir
 * 12) Elections in Jharkhand
 * 13) Elections in Karnataka
 * 14) Elections in Kerala
 * 15) Elections in Madhya Pradesh
 * 16) Elections in Maharashtra
 * 17) Elections in Manipur
 * 18) Elections in Meghalaya
 * 19) Elections in Mizoram
 * 20) Elections in Nagaland
 * 21) Elections in Odisha
 * 22) Elections in Puducherry
 * 23) Elections in Punjab
 * 24) Elections in Rajasthan
 * 25) Elections in Sikkim
 * 26) Elections in Tamil Nadu
 * 27) Elections in Telangana
 * 28) Elections in Tripura
 * 29) Elections in Uttar Pradesh
 * 30) Elections in Uttarakhand
 * 31) Elections in West Bengal

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Hard to Get

Hard to Get may refer to:

 * "Hard to Get" (song), a 1955 song popularized by Gisele MacKenzie
 * "Hard to Get", a song by Katy B from On a Mission
 * "Hard to Get", a song by Starclub
 * Hard to Get (1929 film), starring Jack Oakie
 * Hard to Get (1938 film), featuring Olivia de Havilland, Dick Powell, and Bonita Granville

title: Hard to Get


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McLean v. Arkansas

McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education, 529 F. Supp. 1255 (E.D. Ark. 1982), was a 1981 legal case in the US state of Arkansas.

A lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas by various parents, religious groups and organizations, biologists, and others who argued that the Arkansas state law known as the Balanced Treatment for Creation-Science and Evolution-Science Act (Act 590), which mandated the teaching of "creation science" in Arkansas public schools, was unconstitutional because it violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Judge William Overton handed down a decision on January 5, 1982, giving a clear, specific definition of science as a basis for ruling that creation science is religion and is simply not science. The ruling was not binding on schools outside the Eastern District of Arkansas but had considerable influence on subsequent rulings on the teaching of creationism.

Arkansas did not appeal the decision and it was not until the 1987 case of Edwards v. Aguillard, which dealt with a similar law passed by the State of Louisiana, that teaching "creation science" was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, making that determination applicable nationwide.

Act 590 had been put forward by a Christian fundamentalist on the basis of a request from the Greater Little Rock Evangelical Fellowship for the introduction of legislation based on a "model act" prepared using material from the Institute for Creation Research. It was opposed by many religious organizations and other groups.

Parties
The plaintiffs in the suit, who opposed the "balanced treatment" statute, were led by the Reverend William McLean, a United Methodist minister.

The other plaintiffs were:
 * Bishop Kenneth Hicks, of the Arkansas Conferences of the United Methodist Church;
 * The Right Reverend Herbert A. Donovan of the Episcopal Diocese of Arkansas;
 * The Most Reverend Andrew Joseph McDonald, Catholic Bishop of Little Rock;
 * Bishop Frederick C. James of the African Methodist Episcopal Church or Arkansas;
 * The Reverend Nathan Porter, individually and as father and next friend of Joel Randolph Porter;
 * The Reverend George W. Gunn, minister of the Pulaski Heights Presbyterian Church in Little Rock;
 * Dr. Richard B. Hardie, Jr., minister of the Westover Hills Presbyterian Church in Little Rock;
 * The Reverend Earl B. Carter, minister of the United Methodist Church, and program director of the North Arkansas Conference of the United Methodist Church;
 * The Reverend George Panner, minister of the United Methodist Church, and program director of the Little Rock Conference of the United Methodist church;
 * Dr. John P. Miles, minister of St. James United Methodist Church in Little Rock, and vice-chair of Americans United for Separation of Church and State in Arkansas;
 * Rev. Jerry Canada, minister of the United Methodist Church, and editor of The Arkansas Methodist;
 * The American Jewish Congress and American Jewish Committee, two national Jewish organizations;
 * The Union of American Hebrew Congregations, the national federation of Reform Jews;
 * Frances C. Roelfs, a biology teacher at Springdale High School in Springdale, Arkansas;
 * Charles Bowlus, individually and as father and next friend of Cordelia Ann and Christopher Felix;
 * Lon Schultz, individually and as father and next friend of Andrea Schultz;
 * The Arkansas Education Association, a teachers' union;
 * The National Association of Biology Teachers;
 * E. E. Hudson, Associate Professor of Biological Sciences at Arkansas Technical University;
 * Mike Wilson, of Jacksonville, Arkansas, an attorney and member of the Arkansas House of Representatives who voted against the act;
 * National Coalition For Public Education and Religious Liberty (National PEARL).

The defendants were the Arkansas Board of Education and its members, in their official capacity, the director of the Department of Education, in his official capacity, and the State Textbooks and Instructional materials Selecting Committee. The Pulaski County Special School District and its directors and superintendent were named in the original complaint but were voluntarily dismissed by plaintiffs at the pre-trial conference on October 1, 1981.

Background
Various state laws prohibiting teaching of evolution had been introduced in the 1920s. They were challenged in 1968 at Epperson v. Arkansas which ruled that "The law's effort was confined to an attempt to blot out a particular theory because of its supposed conflict with the Biblical account, literally read. Plainly, the law is contrary to the mandate of the First, and in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution." The creationist movement turned to promoting teaching creationism in school science classes as equal to evolutionary theory.

Arkansas Act 590
Arkansas Act 590 of 1981, entitled the "Balanced Treatment for Creation Science and Evolution Science Act," mandated that "creation science" be given equal time in public schools with evolution.

Creation science was defined as follows: "Creation science means the scientific evidences for creation and inferences from those evidences. Creation science includes the scientific evidences and related inferences that indicate:
 * 1) Sudden creation of the universe, energy and life from nothing;
 * 2) The insufficiency of mutation and natural selection in bringing about development of all living kinds from a single organism;
 * 3) Changes only with fixed limits of originally created kinds of plants and animals;
 * 4) Separate ancestry for man and apes;
 * 5) Explanation of the Earth's geology by catastrophism, including the occurrence of worldwide flood;
 * 6) A relatively recent inception of the Earth and living.

Evolution science was defined as follows: "Evolution-science" means the scientific evidences for evolution and inferences from those scientific evidences. Evolution-science includes the scientific evidences and related inferences that indicate:
 * 1) Emergence by naturalistic processes of the universe from disordered matter and emergence of life from nonlife;
 * 2) The sufficiency of mutation and natural selection in bringing about development of present living kinds from simple earlier kinds;
 * 3) Emergency [sic] by mutation and natural selection of present living kinds from simple earlier kinds;
 * 4) Emergence of man from a common ancestor with apes;
 * 5) Explanation of the Earth's geology and the evolutionary sequence by uniformitarianism; and
 * 6) An inception several billion years ago of the Earth and somewhat later of life.

The act was signed into law by Governor Frank D. White on March 19, 1981.

McLean v. Arkansas ruling
Judge William Overton's ruling handed down on January 5, 1982, concluded that "creation-science" as defined in Arkansas Act 590 "is simply not science". The judgment defined the essential characteristics of science as being:
 * 1) It is guided by natural law;
 * 2) It has to be explanatory by reference to natural law;
 * 3) It is testable against the empirical world;
 * 4) Its conclusions are tentative, i.e. are not necessarily the final word; and
 * 5) It is falsifiable.

Overton found that "creation science" failed to meet these essential characteristics for these reasons:
 * 1) Sudden creation "from nothing" is not science because it depends upon a supernatural intervention which is not guided by natural law, is not explanatory by reference to natural law, is not testable and is not falsifiable;
 * 2) "insufficiency of mutation and natural selection" is an incomplete negative generalization;
 * 3) "changes only within fixed limits of originally created kinds" fails as there is no scientific definition of "kinds", the assertion appears to be an effort to establish outer limits of changes within species but there is no scientific explanation for these limits which is guided by natural law and the limitations, whatever they are, cannot be explained by natural law;
 * 4) "separate ancestry of man and apes" is a bald assertion which explains nothing and refers to no scientific fact or theory;
 * 5) Catastrophism and any kind of Genesis Flood depend upon supernatural intervention, and cannot be explained by natural law;
 * 6) "Relatively recent inception" has no scientific meaning, is not the product of natural law; not explainable by natural law; nor is it tentative;
 * 7) No recognized scientific journal has published an article espousing the creation science theory as described in the act, and though some witnesses suggested that the scientific community was "close-minded" and so had not accepted the arguments, no witness produced a scientific article for which publication has been refused, and suggestions of censorship were not credible;
 * 8) A scientific theory must be tentative and always subject to revision or abandonment in light of facts that are inconsistent with, or falsify, the theory. A theory that is by its own terms dogmatic, absolutist, and never subject to revision is not a scientific theory;
 * 9) While anybody is free to approach a scientific inquiry in any fashion they choose, they cannot properly describe the methodology as scientific, if they start with the conclusion and refuse to change it regardless of the evidence developed during the course of the investigation.

The creationists' methods do not take data, weigh it against the opposing scientific data, and thereafter reach the conclusions stated in [the act] Instead, they take the literal wording of the Book of Genesis and attempt to find scientific support for it. The act took a two-model approach to teaching identical to the approach put forward by the Institute for Creation Research, which assumes only two explanations for the origins of life and existence of man, plants and animals: it was either the work of a creator or it was not. Creationists take this to mean that all scientific evidence which fails to support the theory of evolution is necessarily scientific evidence in support of creationism. The judgment found this to be simply a contrived dualism which has no scientific factual basis or legitimate educational purpose.

The judge concluded that "the Act was passed with the specific purpose by the General Assembly of advancing religion," and that it violated the First Amendment's Establishment Clause.

The test that Overton developed on the basis of Michael Ruse's testimony was later criticized by the philosopher of science Larry Laudan who argued that rather than call Creation Science "non-science" it would have been more cogent to show that it was "bad science". Chandra Wickramasinghe was the single scientist testifying for the defense of creationism. He hypothesized on panspermia and on "the possibility of high intelligence in the Universe and of many increasing levels of intelligence converging toward a God as an ideal limit."

title: McLean v. Arkansas


text:
DTWNS

DTWNS (vocalized by historians as Datawnas) was a king of Aksum (c. 272). He is mentioned with his son ZQRNS (vocalized as "Zaqarnas") in an inscription from al-Mis`al in Yemen which Yasir Yuhan'im erected after defeating father and son.

title: DTWNS


text:
Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem

The Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem is a public association of the faithful in the Catholic Church, founded in 2002 in the Diocese of La Crosse, Wisconsin, and currently located in Charles Town, West Virginia after a period in Chesterfield, Missouri in the Archdiocese of Saint Louis, in the United States. The group operates under the authority of Bishop Mark E. Brennan, the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Wheeling-Charleston.

Description
The institute was founded by then-Bishop (later Cardinal) Raymond Leo Burke and Dom Daniel Augustine Oppenheimer, Prior.

This institute celebrates the traditional Latin Liturgy (Tridentine Mass) according to the rites of 1962, as promulgated by Pope John Paul II's motu proprio Ecclesia Dei of 1988. The members live in community under the Augustinian Rule, taking vows of stability, conversion of life, obedience, and common life.

title: Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem


text:
Talk:Saturday Night's Main Event

SNME: Oldest current wrestling program?
Saturday Night's Main Event is returning to NBC. Unless I'm mistaken, doesn't that make it the oldest current wrestling program on television? Jeff Silvers 16:46, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Technically, yes, but it also hadn't been on the air for 15 years before 2006. 65.189.210.173 20:12, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

NPOV
There was a comment about TV Guide criticizing NBC, saying WWE is "lowbrow," that didn't seem to be in keeping with NPOV in this article, but instead of removing it entirely I de-emphasized it using HTML comment tags. As such it can still be restored later if there's not agreement on this point. BronzeWarrior 09:29, 11 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I read that, wow tv guide is such a BS magazine.Jman5 04:56, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

Ratings
This sentence is in the article: "This is a stark contrast from the show which garnered a 15.2 rating and 33 million viewers for the show which featured Andre the Giant vs. Hulk Hogan. It is not yet known whether there will be a third episode in the run."

I just wanted to point out that the 15.2/33 million episode was from The Main Event, not SNME. I just looked it up, and it seems the highest-rated SNME was an 11.6, from March 14, 1987 (from the 2006/12/04 Wrestling Observer Newsletter). I'll change the article. --SHODAN 20:17, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Which is it?
In the revived section, a quote states that "...As a sign of professional wrestling's decline in popularity, the second SNME of the new era received a very low 2.5 rating...", but in the trivia section another quote states "...The July 15, 2006 edition garnered the lowest rating in the history of the show, scoring just a 2.6..." which rating is correct?74.111.240.247 01:33, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

2007?
Wasn't there going to be one on the 10th of March 2007? It has been deleted from the article. Socks 01 01:21, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

The rating weren't as hoped, so they postponed it. It is feared that the Screen Writers may strike in June, so they are holding SNME until then in case they need non-written programming.--Bedford 04:53, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

According to WWE.com and the John Labatt Center, the May 29th SmackDown! taping will also include a Saturday Night's Main Event taping. Kyle C Haight 06:42, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

2007 Matches
WWE havn't scheduled any matches for SNME and it is in a week. Does this mean the event will have no anounced matches going in to it?Socks 01 05:03, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

SNME 2007 BREAKING NEWS
At SNME 2007, the matches will take place at SNME, but until it airs, the WWE will act as if it hasnt oocured and will announce matches up to the June 2nd SNME, it is all part of a storyline. Also 2 matches have been announced, (not on WWE.com) John cena vs the great khali, batista and chris benoit vs mvp and edge.Nosaints4life 17:24, 26 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:SaturdayNightsMainEvent.jpg
Image:SaturdayNightsMainEvent.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 22:08, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Music
I'm changing the section about the theme music because it's wrong. They used the Animotion song originally but replaced it sometime in 1988 (I think the last time it was used was the January 88 SNME). I'm watching the October 88 SNME right now and that's what made me think of it. DX927 (talk) 20:36, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Do you have a reliable source? --Cheers, L  A  X  20:40, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Since there was no source in the first place, why should that matter? I guess you overlooked the part where I said "I'm watching this right now." DX927 (talk) 01:24, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I was kinda confused too, over the course of the editing about the theme music it went from 1987, to 1992, and now it's 1988. I was always told before it was changed in 1989, but i think 1988 sounds fair. Personally i like the generic theme better, they should still use it. --Terminator14 (talk) 03:17, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

"Last Match"
Don't see the point of listing this as it was always a throwaway match with the knowledge that a large part of the audience would have switched off or fallen asleep at that point. The billed main event usually was the first or second match of the show. HappHazzard (talk) 07:17, 4 June 2021 (UTC)

I believe the original editor who added the content was operating under the context that the last match is the "main event" and listed it accordingly not understanding that wasn't how this program worked. If you look at the history it was originally labeled the main event until it was changed to "last event" as that is correct. I tend to agree the last match of SNME was a "throwaway" and not the attraction of the show but seems unfortunate to delete such information. Expandinglight5 (talk) 15:20, 4 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Saturday Night's Main Event


text:
Battle of Hastings reenactment

The Battle of Hastings reenactment is a yearly reenactment of the Battle of Hastings, held at Battle Abbey in Battle, East Sussex, UK, and drawing participants from around the world. It takes place every year on the weekend nearest 14 October on the site of the historical battle, although it is often arranged across the hill rather than up it, to take account of the smaller number of participants and the need for spectators.

The event is run by English Heritage, which owns the site, and attended by several thousand people yearly. For many years it was an event for amateur groups of reenactors, but more recently has involved scenes by professional actors.

Every five or six years since 1984 it has been the site of major reenactments. At the 2000 reenactment, called "Hastings 2000", about 1000 reenactors on foot, 100 cavalry and between 50 and 100 archers from 16 different countries took part.

The two-day Hastings 2006 event saw more than 3,000 re-enactors performing for a crowd of about 30,000 paying public. It was believed to have been the largest pre-gunpowder reenactment event ever held.

title: Battle of Hastings reenactment


text:
1993 Tour de France

The 1993 Tour de France was the 80th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 3 to 25 July. It consisted of 20 stages, over a distance of 3714 km.

The winner of the previous two years, Miguel Induráin, successfully defended his title. The points classification was won by Djamolidine Abdoujaparov, while the mountains classification was won by Tony Rominger.

Teams
The organisers of the Tour, Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), felt that it was no longer safe to have 198 cyclists in the race, as more and more traffic islands had been made, so the total number of teams was reduced from 22 to 20, composing of 9 cyclists. The first 14 teams were selected in May 1993, based on the FICP ranking. In June 1993, six additional wildcards were given; one of which was given to a combination of two teams, and Subaru. The Subaru team did not want to be part of a mixed team, so Chazal was allowed to send a full team.

The teams entering the race were:

Qualified teams

Invited teams

Pre-race favourites
The defending champion Miguel Induráin was the big favourite, having won the 1993 Giro d'Italia earlier that year.

Route and stages
The route was unveiled in October 1992. Most team directors expected it to be more difficult than the 1992 Tour de France. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2802 m at the Cime de la Bonette loop road on stage 11.

Race overview
The 1993 Tour started in the same way as the 1992 Tour: Indurain won, with Alex Zülle in second place. The next stages were flat, and all finished in mass sprints. After the second stage, sprinter Wilfried Nelissen had collected enough time bonuses to become leader in the general classification.

The team time trial in stage four was the first stage with significant effects on the general classification. Banesto (Indurain's team) came in seventh, losing more than one minute, but the biggest loser was Tony Rominger, whose Clas team lost more than three minutes.

The contenders for the overall victory saved their energy in the next few stages, and cyclists who would not be a threat in the mountains were allowed to break away, with only the sprinters' teams trying to get them back. The sixth stage was run with an average speed of almost 49.5 km/h, at that moment the fastest mass-start stage in the Tour.

In the ninth stage, an individual time trial, the general classification changed. Indurain was a lot faster than the other cyclists, winning the stage with a margin of more than two minutes, and became the new leader in the general classification.

The next stages were in the Alps. Tony Rominger attacked, trying to win back time. Although he was able to win the stage, Indurain had followed him closely, so Rominger did not win back any time. Other pre-race favourites lost considerable time this stage and were no longer in contention, such as Claudio Chiappucci, who lost more than eight minutes.

In the eleventh stage, Rominger tried it again. But again, Indurain stayed with him. Rominger won the stage again, but the margin to Indurain stayed the same. Rominger did jump to fourth place in the general classification, because Erik Breukink lost almost ten minutes.

The next three stages were relatively flat, and the top of the general classification stayed the same. In the fifteenth stage, Pyrenean climbs were included. The stage was won by Oliverio Rincón, the only survivor of an early breakaway. Behind him, Rominger again tried to get away from Indurain, but was unable to do so.

In the sixteenth stage, again in the Pyrenées, Rominger was finally able to get away from Indurain, but the margin was only three seconds. The seventeenth stage was the last stage with serious climbs, so the last realistic opportunity to win back time on Indurain, but this did not happen, so it seemed certain that Indurain would become the winner.

The rest of the podium was determined in the individual time trial in stage 19. It was won by Rominger, with Indurain in second place. Rominger thus climbed to the second place in the general classification.

Classification leadership and minor prizes
There were several classifications in the 1993 Tour de France. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.

Additionally, there was a points classification, which awarded a green jersey. In the points classification, cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.

There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots.

The fourth individual classification was the young rider classification, which was not marked by a jersey. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders under 26 years were eligible.

For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time.

In addition, there was a combativity award given after each mass-start stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification. Massimo Ghirotto won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Galibier on stage 10. This prize was won by Tony Rominger. The fair-play award was given to Gianni Bugno.

 * In stage 1, Alex Zülle wore the green jersey.
 * In stages 3, 4, and 6, Mario Cipollini wore the green jersey.

title: 1993 Tour de France


text:
Paul Duke

Paul Welden Duke (October 16, 1926 — July 18, 2005) was an American newspaper, radio and television journalist, best known for his 20-year stint as moderator of Washington Week in Review on PBS.

Duke was born in Pennsylvania to Frank W. Duke (1888–1945) and Flossie C. Duke (1889–1952; née Mills). Both his parents hailed from Hanover County, Virginia and the family moved back to Virginia soon after Paul was born. He grew up in Richmond, Virginia, where he worked at radio station WMBG during high school. After graduating high school, Duke attended the University of Richmond where he majored in English. After he graduated in 1947, he became a sportswriter for Associated Press (AP) in Richmond. Within a few years, he was reporting on major national stories, particularly the struggle for Civil rights. His byline became known nationally and, after ten years with the organization, AP rewarded him with a permanent assignment to its Washington bureau.

He covered the 1960 Presidential campaign for The Wall Street Journal (which he had joined the previous year) and in 1963 joined NBC News as a Capitol Hill reporter. After 11 years with the network, he moved to PBS to become their esteemed low-key moderator of Washington Week In Review. The previous host, Duke's former NBC colleague, Robert MacNeil, had given up his post to start PBS' nightly news and analysis program The Robert MacNeil Report. Duke continued his hosting duties for a record twenty years, as Washington Week in Review became the longest-running series on PBS, won an Emmy Award and gained an audience of 4.6 million. From 1980 to 1984, Duke also hosted The Lawmakers, a show on PBS about Congress.

Duke retired as a full-time journalist in 1994, but continued to contribute reports to his old program from his new base in London, where he lived in 1995–1996. He also served as a news analyst for the BBC and provided an Alistair Cooke-like weekly radio "Letter from London" to National Public Radio (NPR)'s Washington station WETA. In 1999, upon the dismissal of his successor, Ken Bode, he briefly returned as moderator of Washington Week in Review until the eventual permanent host, Gwen Ifill, was able to assume her new duties. In 2003, Paul Duke was elected to the Common Cause National Governing Board.

He was elected to the Common Cause National Governing Board in 1998.

Paul Duke was 78 when he died of acute leukemia at his home in Washington, D.C. He had a son, Paul Jr. from his first marriage to Janet Johnston. Since 1985 he had been married to Janet Wachter.

title: Paul Duke


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mujaheedin Afghan

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was redirect. Sasquatch ↔讲↔看 05:49, August 4, 2005 (UTC)

Mujaheedin Afghan
While there most certainly where a lot of Mujahidin in Afghanistan, I've neaver heard of the "Mujaheedin Afghan", and neither has Google nor Amazon, further, the idea that they killed "Millions" leads me to the conclusion that this is a hoax. Irishpunktom\talk 18:46, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Soviet invasion of Afghanistan claims 1.3 million civilian casualties during the invasion period, to say nothing of the civil war that followed. Redirect to Mujahideen. Gazpacho 19:37, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect per Gazpacho. Xoloz 05:00, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I doubt if anyone would actually type in Mujaheedin Afghan, rather than simply Mujaheedin. JamesBurns 03:18, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and Redirect. No useful content, but someone might type it in again.--Pharos 00:47, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Karen Plummer

Karen Vi Plummer (born 14 September 1951) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling right-arm medium. She appeared in 4 Test matches and 11 One Day Internationals for New Zealand between 1982 and 1992. She also captained New Zealand during England's tour of the country in 1991–92. She played domestic cricket for North Shore and Auckland.

title: Karen Plummer


text:
Piano Concerto No. 1 (Liszt)

Franz Liszt composed his Piano Concerto No. 1 in E♭ major, S.124 over a 26-year period; the main themes date from 1830, while the final version is dated 1849. The concerto consists of four movements and lasts approximately 20 minutes. It premiered in Weimar on February 17, 1855, with Liszt at the piano and Hector Berlioz conducting.

History
The main themes of Liszt's first piano concerto are written in a sketchbook dated 1830, when Liszt was nineteen years old. He seems to have completed the work in 1849, yet made further adjustments in 1853. It was first performed at Weimar in 1855, with the composer at the piano and Hector Berlioz conducting. Liszt made yet more changes before publication in 1856. Béla Bartók described it as "the first perfect realisation of cyclic sonata form, with common themes being treated on the variation principle".

Description
The concerto consists of four relatively short movements:

Allegro maestoso

The orchestra introduces the main theme of the piece with a powerful motif. A story exists that, to mock his critics, Liszt and his son-in-law, Hans von Bülow, put the words Das versteht ihr alle nicht, haha! (none of you understand this, ha-ha) to the notes of the opening two bars. The piano then comes in with an octave passage, spanning four octaves. A duet ensues between the piano and the clarinet in a quiet and peaceful passage, which is soon taken over again by the main theme. Following this, the piano plays fast, downward chromatic octaves, before recapitulating a section from earlier in the movement, this time in G major. The movement finishes with the main theme played by the strings while the piano imitates a harp with fast, quiet arpeggios, culminating with an upwards chromatic scale in sixths, diminishing to volume.

Quasi adagio

The cellos and double basses introduce the Adagio section in a serene, unison cantabile, before the rest of the string section joins. Again, however, the cellos and double basses descend before the piano joins, in una corda. The piano uses the string theme and develops it further, playing in a nocturne-like style with soft, flowing left hand arpeggios and a cantabile melody in the right hand. The section reaches a climax where a strong fortissimo is played followed by a descending diminuendo scale.

After a brief general pause, the whole orchestra resumes, again playing the same theme. Then a cello plays the theme while the piano answers hurriedly with a developmental recitative section. This leads into a passage where solos in the woodwind section play a new theme while the piano plays long trills in the right hand and spread chords in the left. The passage is ended by the piano and clarinet in duet.

Allegretto vivace – Allegro animato

The triangle starts the movement with the string section following it. (The frequent and prominent use of the triangle led the conservative critic Eduard Hanslick to mock the work as a "Triangle Concerto". ) The piano develops the theme further. This occurs throughout the whole movement, however previous themes from the last two movements are reintroduced and combined to give this concerto its unique rhapsody-like form. This movement is decidedly jocular in character, with the performance direction at the start of the piano line of "capriccioso scherzando", and delicate, playful duets between the woodwind and piano occurring throughout. The second half of the movement, however, takes a darker turn, when the piano, after concluding the scherzo section, plays an eerie, tremolando passage in the lower registers, with a development of the first theme played above, at dynamic. After this, the downward chromatic octaves reappear, but this time at level, before the orchestra plays an ascending chromatic section, leading into a tonal recapitulation of the first theme. The movement ends with very similar music as the first movement begins, with a blistering piano passage ending in an F diminished seventh chord (r.h.: F–A♭–D–F).

Allegro marziale animato

A descending E♭ major scale is played before the orchestra plays the theme of the Adagio in thematic transformation. The piano follows this with a blistering solo octaves passage before joining in duet with various solo woodwind instruments in a dainty, lively section. The movement continues bringing in all the themes from throughout the concerto and combining them sequentially. In the final few passages, a new chromatic theme is introduced in which the piano is playing semiquavers and triplet quavers at the same time, an exercise in polyrhythm, while in unison with the strings. The piece ends in Liszt's bravura style, with the now-familiar downward chromatic octaves theme, played in this recapitulation at breakneck presto speed, before changing to contrary chromatic octaves, reaching the tonic key of E♭ major and dynamic. The orchestra alone has the last two notes, which Liszt carefully utilised to highlight the importance of the orchestra in the piece, not just as an accompanying device for the piano.

Orchestration
This concerto is scored for a relatively small orchestra and calls for the following instruments:

Solo piano

Woodwinds:
 * Piccolo
 * Two flutes
 * Two oboes
 * Two clarinets in B♭
 * Two bassoons

Brass:
 * Two horns in F
 * Two trumpets in B♭
 * Three trombones (two tenor, one bass)

Percussion:
 * Timpani
 * Cymbals
 * Triangle

Strings:
 * First and second violins
 * Violas
 * Cellos
 * Double basses

title: Piano Concerto No. 1 (Liszt)


text:
Nestea

Nestea is a Swiss brand of iced tea and pop beverages owned by Nestlé, manufactured by The Coca-Cola Company and distributed by Nestlé's beverage department in the United States and by Beverage Partners Worldwide (BPW), a joint venture between The Coca-Cola Company and Nestlé, in the rest of the world. It competes with Unilever/PepsiCo's Lipton Iced Tea and Fuze Tea. Nestea provides a variety of tea products, including liquid and powdered tea concentrates, refrigeratable teas, and ready-to-drink bottles dispensed by vendor or vending machine. The beverage comes in several flavors, depending on the country.

Since the start of 2017, Nestlé and Coca-Cola agreed to end the iced tea Nestea joint venture after 16 years of collaboration. One of the reasons for this, is that Coca-Cola and Nestlé want to pursue different strategies in a rapidly changing market. Nestlé will handle the distribution of Nestea in most countries except in Canada, Spain, Portugal, Romania, Andorra, Bulgaria and Serbia where Coca-Cola will retain a license.

In 2019, Nestea rebranded as a natural product. The new recipe, launched by Nestlé after the end of the joint venture, does not contain artificial colors and flavors, corn syrup or GMO ingredients anymore. In addition, Nestea ready-to-drink iced tea is made with stevia extract and can be found in different flavors such as lemon, raspberry and peach. The new recipe sources its tea leaves from Nilgiri, Sri Lanka, Kenya and Indonesia.

title: Nestea


text:
User talk:ADKhemlani

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - Gblaz 18:47, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:ADKhemlani


text:
Mischief rule

The mischief rule is one of three rules of statutory interpretation traditionally applied by English courts, the other two being the "plain meaning rule" (also known as the "literal rule") and the "golden rule". It is used to determine the exact scope of the "mischief" that the statute in question has set out to remedy, and to guide the court in ruling in a manner which will "suppress the mischief, and advance the remedy".

The rule considers not only the exact wording of the statute, but also the legislators' intentions in enacting it. In applying the rule, the court is essentially asking whether parliament in enacting the statute intended to rectify a particular mischief, even though it might not be covered by a literal reading of the statute's wording. For example, if a law prohibits a specific behaviour "in the street", the legislators might – or might not – have intended the same behaviour on a first-floor balcony overlooking the roadway to be covered.

The rule was first set out in Heydon's Case, a 1584 ruling of the Exchequer Court.

Meaning and use
In Conway v Rimmer it was observed that judges can apply in statutory interpretation in order to discover Parliament's intention. In applying the rule, the court is essentially asking what the mischief was that the previous law did not cover, which Parliament was seeking to remedy when it passed the law now being reviewed by the court.

The mischief rule is of narrower application than the golden rule or the plain meaning rule, in that it can only be used to interpret a statute and, strictly speaking, only when the statute was passed to remedy a defect in the common law.

Legislative intent is determined by examining secondary sources, such as committee reports, treatises, law review articles and corresponding statutes.

The application of this rule gives the judge more discretion than the literal and the golden rule as it allows Parliament's intent to be taken into consideration.

That the mischief rule can produce different outcomes than those that would result if the literal rule were applied is illustrated by Smith v Hughes [1960] 2 All E.R. 859. Under the Street Offences Act 1959, it was a crime for prostitutes to "loiter or solicit in the street for the purposes of prostitution". The defendants were calling to men in the street from balconies and tapping on windows. They argued that as they were not themselves "in the street" they fell outside the definition. The judge held that as the intention of the act was to cover the mischief of harassment from prostitutes, the quoted wording did apply, and the defendants were found guilty.

History
The rule was first set out in Heydon's Case [1584] 76 ER 637 3 CO REP 7a, where the court held that four points should be taken into consideration:

"For the sure and true interpretation of all statutes in general (be they penal or beneficial, restrictive or enlarging of the common law), four things are to be discerned and considered:

1st. What was the common law before the making of the Act.

2nd. What was the mischief and defect for which the common law did not provide.

3rd. What remedy the Parliament hath resolved and appointed to cure the disease of the commonwealth.

And, 4th. The true reason of the remedy;

And then the office of all the Judges is to make such construction as shall suppress the mischief, and advance the remedy, and to suppress subtle inventions and evasions for continuance of the mischief, and pro privato commodo, and to add force and life to the cure and remedy, according to the true intent of the makers of the Act, pro bono publico."

Original use
In the century in which it was created, and for some time thereafter, the mischief rule was used in a legislative environment very different from the one which has prevailed in the past two centuries. As Elmer Driedger notes, 16th century common law judges looked upon statutes as a gloss upon the common law, even as an intrusion into their domain. Hence, statutes were viewed from the point of view of their effect upon the common law, as adding to it, subtracting from it or patching it up. Then also, in the time of Heydon's Case, the judges paid more attention to the "spirit" of the law than to the letter. Having found the mischief they proceeded to make mischief with the words of the statute. They remodelled the statute, by taking things out and putting things in, in order to fit the "mischief" and "defect" as they had found them.

Modern use
Modern courts apply the rule in a more restricted manner, and with a greater regard for the integrity of the statutes which they are interpreting. Driedger puts it this way: "[T]o this day, Heydon's Case is frequently cited. The courts still look for the 'mischief' and 'remedy', but now use what they find as aids to discover the meaning of what the legislature has said rather than to change it". Driedger goes on to argue that this modern use of the mischief rule ought to be understood as one of the components of what he characterized as the "modern" method of statutory construction, rather than a stand-alone rule serving (as it formerly had), as an alternative to the methods of construction proposed by the plain meaning rule and the golden rule.

title: Mischief rule


text:
User talk:Lambykins~enwiki

Welcome!

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Your account will be renamed
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The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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title: User talk:Lambykins~enwiki


text:
Endubis

Endubis or Endybis (Greek: Ενδυβις) was a late-3rd-century sovereign of the Kingdom of Aksum in East Africa (modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea). He was among the earliest rulers in the Africa to mint his own coins; according to Stuart C. Munro-Hay, "No other sub-Saharan African state issued its own independent coinage in ancient times -- indeed no other African state at all, since those in North Africa (Libya and Mauritania) fell under Roman dominion." The Aksumite currency of his reign was issued in gold, silver, and bronze or copper denominations and bore inscriptions in Koine Greek.

Coinage
The coins of Endubis are dated to c. 295 to c. 310 and are "undoubtedly [...] the oldest Aksumite coins". The weight of the gold coins issued in his reign are equivalent to "the weight of the half-aureus or quinarius of the last half of the 3rd century AD." More precise clues can be seen in the currency reforms during the reign of Diocletian, who reorganised the issuing of gold coins in 286 and silver coins in 294, the latter after having been suspended for several decades. As such, it is likely that the coins of Endubis, which were minted in gold, silver and copper, do not date to before c. 295.

The coins of Endubis set the design that his successors followed for the most part. Both obverse and reverse are characterized by a profile bust of the rule facing to the right, with a stalk of two-row barley on either side between the bust and the inscription. Endubis and his pagan successors include in the legend at the top of the coin a "crescent representing perhaps the Moon-god Sin and the disc representing Shams, the Sun-goddess."

Two mottos in Greek characterize the coins of Endubis:
 * "ENΔYBIC BACIΛEYC" – "King Endybis"
 * "AξωMITω BICIΔAXY" – "of the Aksumites, man of Daku", or "bisi Dakhu". This is the first appearance of the title "bisi", which Stuart Munro-Hay believed is related to the Ge'ez word be'esya ("man of").

On some coins Endubis described himself as "ΑΞΩΜΙΤΩ ΒΑϹΙΛΕΥϹ", "king of Axum".

title: Endubis


text:
Talk:Climateprediction.net

Untitled
If someone wants to upload the pictures, they can be found on the BOINC Wiki BOINC Wiki CPDN AV page — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.7.25.32 (talk) 18:50, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Untitled 2
I think the 2 most important pieces of information that an encyclopia should say about climateprediction.net is that it is modeling climate and it is inviting people to join in and help by running the software.

Wikiacc has twice removed the fact that the project is inviting people to run the software.

The first time it said Anyone with a reasonable PC is encouraged to join by visiting the Climateprediction.net website

Wikiacc may have been correct to remove this under NPOV. I tried to compromise and put in a replacement that said:

==Invitation==

The project is inviting anyone with a reasonable PC to join this scientific project to improve our knowledge of climate change uncertainties by visiting the Climate prediction .net website to learn more and to download the software to run your own model.

I felt this remained true to NPOV by making it clear that climateprediction.net was doing the inviting. Wikiacc has removed this. I am putting a close replica back in. If you still have issues with it, please explain (or compromise) rather than just removing it.

crandles 19:40 30 July 2005 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.7.47.252 (talk) 19:38, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Put the link into External link section. As it is now it brings low value to the article. (Btw, a more details on /background/ of the project would be useful - what results it brought so fat, what methos it uses etc.) Pavel Vozenilek 23:17, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

Bigger than the earth sim?
Where does "its bigger than the earth sim" come from? Seems a bit dodgy to me William M. Connolley 19:09:14, 2005-07-31 (UTC)

 * I took it from a http://www.climateprediction.net/science/pubs/nerc2005allen.pdf which includes a potted history. This and the Climateprediction.net open day were the major sources of the material for the history section. As it was for the NERC council I assume it should be pretty reliable.

 * Trusting peoples PR? :-))) - William M. Connolley 09:08:36, 2005-08-01 (UTC).

 * Oops I didn't actually add that to the page but it appears to be verified in that pdf anyway.

 * As further evidence there is this paper which has been accepted for the 1st IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing in Melbourne, Australia this December. 30,000 computers = 2 earth simulators. Model years per host has stayed about the same because later computers are faster but typically shared between more BOINC projects. The first week saw 27263 new users the second week saw only ~3800 and given the publicity on the first day, 15,000 in first day does not look unreasonable to me. I certainly don't see enough evidence to accuse them of lying. crandles 19:33, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * OK OK, I did put a smiley in... I haven't accused anyone of lying (have I? I didn't mean to, only to query PR). William M. Connolley 20:28, 28 September 2005 (UTC).

 * OK "Seems a bit dodgy" is not really an accusation of lying and taking it as raising a query would be much more appropriate. However, I didn't say you did accuse anyone of lying only that I didn't see enough evidence for anyone to do so. crandles 22:12, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

Any suggestions for this page?
I am sure this page is not up to featured article status. Any suggestions as to what is needed? Do we, for example, want to include some of this?

I guess better referencing for facts should be a priority.

Anything else? Thanks crandles 21:13, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Being thrown straight into "the experiements" won't work for people who don't know it. A section on what-is-it-all-about really ought to be upfront.
 * Also, there should probably be something on the disadvantages of the approach - the limited return bandwidth means that the verification of the models for plausible climatology is very weak (as I understand it). William M. Connolley 21:41, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

 * In the section where the aims of Climateprediction.net is explained, this article repeatedly refers to 'us' and 'we', almost as if lifted directly from the website. That really needs rectifying to eliminate bias.
 * JamesOwen 22:34, 4 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes a valid point. It was all lifted from the wiki (which I mainly wrote) for participants and some is lifted from the website. I am doing this with the project thanks for my efforts and therefore do not think there are issues with what has been copied from the website. Here it is aimed at a different audience and the 'us', 'we' and 'our's' needed changing and I have changed some (though there could be others that I missed). crandles 16:36, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Something on this message from Myles Allen needs to be added. Another discussion on the topic is titled "Restart required on the BBC Climate Change Experiment". --Spiffy sperry 19:35, 21 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I have done a couple of updates: launch of SAP and the restart. crandles 22:06, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The "aims" bit seems somewhat repetetive. I've tweaked it. I removed This will allow the project to explore how climate may change in the next century under a wide range of different scenarios because I don't think its right - the focus is on model, not scenario, uncertainty. William M. Connolley 09:52, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

"generated more data than any other climate modelling program"
Is "generated more data than any other climate modelling program" true? I would have thought that due to the return bandwidth, this is unlikely. CPDN returns far less data per model year than most GCM sims archive William M. Connolley 08:26, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Hmm surely it depends what you mean by 'generated'. If it is generated and saved even if only for a short period then I would think yes it is true. If it has to be permanently stored in the most useful location then that is a tough test but let us see. 7 MB uploaded compared to 330MB in compressed format is approximately one 50th of the data centrally stored. Ensemble size 157218 slab models compared to what? QUMP's ensemble size of 128 is the largest I have heard of but there could be larger ones around and there could be models that generate and store more than 20 times the data of a slab model. So it may be dubious if you add central storage requirements. The sentence doesn't seem to add storage requirements at all though. crandles 19:23, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I think "generated" really ought to mean "stored and potentially used". If each run only uploads 7M then thats fairly small. My HadCM3 runs generate about 7M per month run - so at 6M/d on 10 boxes every day I produce 60* one CPDN net. Over 1000 days thats 60,000, and thats just my little cluster. I'm sure the Hadley Centre has 100* that. William M. Connolley 19:44, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

 * But what does "stored and potentially used" mean? For the slab model participants were asked to keep the data if possible and some participants have been asked to upload further data. If half have kept them then there is 128517*0.5*330 MB or over 21Tb. You are saying you have 420Gb stored from the last 1000 days. I don't doubt that (I'll assume it is compressed), but is it from a single climate modelling program? Hmm. I have interpreted 'program' as 'project'. The context makes 'program' ambiguous and should be changed even if the claim is defensible. crandles 11:01, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I deleted a 'however' as it didn't seem appropriate after I had made some other changes. Hope this is OK. I wondered about removing the rest of the sentence 'The higher climate sensitivities have been challenged as implausible'. While it is accurate and relevant it isn't really a 'result to date' and it also seems less necessary in view of other changes I made. crandles 19:31, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I think it should stay; its a comment on the results-to-date. I think it should be noted that the most publically visit result - some v high sensitivities - is doubted William M. Connolley 19:44, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

 * OK I'll leave it. (You did see the addition that 'The really high sensitivities are being found to be unlikely.'?) crandles 11:01, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Besides which you can argue that timestep data is data and that has been used to calculate the next timestep data. Therefore it has been stored and actually used (rather than just potentially used). crandles 13:16, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Obviously a citation is needed for such a claim. Exceptional claims require exceptional sources. I've just added the tag. -- FayssalF  - Wiki me up®  11:47, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:CPView.JPG
Image:CPView.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 07:24, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Rationale added crandles (talk) 16:29, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

Is this still active?
The site does not load for me. Perhaps it's just temporarily down. Does anybody know if it is still active? Inks.LWC (talk) 01:49, 28 June 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Merge proposal
There's a Feb 2017 proposal to merge BBC Climate Change Experiment here. I support the merge on the grounds of WP:EVENT. The event can be explained better within the context of the wider project, and doesn't need a separate page. Klbrain (talk) 06:51, 31 July 2018 (UTC)

Manual of Style compliance
Shouldn't this article follow MOS:BRAND, and use "Climateprediction.net" instead of "climateprediction.net" throughout?

MOS:BRAND states, Capitalize trademarks, like proper names as well as avoid special stylization, such as superscripting or boldface, in an attempt to emulate a trademark. — AP 499D25  (talk)  04:55, 9 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Climateprediction.net


text:
User talk:Amadib

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! RJFJR 18:49, July 21, 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Amadib


text:
Aphilas

Aphilas beni Dimel (early 4th century) was a King of the Kingdom of Aksum. He is known only from the coins he minted, which are characterized by a number of experiments in imagery on the obverse, and being issued in fractions of weight that none of his successors copied.

G.W.B. Huntingford suggests that he was the ruler from the inscription on the throne at Adulis known as the Monumentum Adulitanum which celebrates military victories and claims to be erected in the 27th year of the ruler's reign. However David W. Phillipson seems to suggest otherwise, "coins of Aphilas – notwithstanding their diversity – are comparatively rare, and his reign may have been brief."

Coins
Aphilas produced at least four series of gold coins (16mm, 12mm, 10mm, 7mm in diameter), two silver (17mm, 12mm in diameter), and two bronze (18mm, 15mm in diameter). Both of the larger gold coins feature the Aksumite tiara resting on his head cloth, which became the norm in future Aksumite coins. It is postulated that the Aksumite tiara was made for Aphilas. All coins feature the disc and crescent symbol of the Aksumite pagan period. All of his coins are inscribed in Ancient Greek, following the practice of his predecessor Endubis. The gold coins were weighted to the standard of the Roman aureus, the smallest gold coin of Aphilas being 1/16th aureus. The lowest gold content recorded for Aphilas is 90%; while high purity, this was lower than Roman coins.

The larger gold coins of Aphilas are the earliest known Aksumite coins to have reached India.

The smaller silver coin shows a distinguishing feature of Axumite coinage: the interior portrait is overlaid with gold. These were half value of the larger silver coin, but less than half the weight. They were probably deliberately underweight to counteract the cost of the gold gilding on the smaller coin.

At least two bronze coins feature Aphilas from a frontal position, as well as his 12mm gold coin. The style was abandoned afterwards until the 6th century. The typology and use of a frontal bust on Aphilas' coins appear to have taken inspiration from "special presentation pieces of the Roman emperor Licinius". On one of his bronze issues the obverse features an ear of wheat alone in the center. Ezana copied this design in a pre-Christian issue.

The coins of Aphilas generally feature the following inscription in Greek:
 * Obverse: "AΦIΛAC BACIΛEYC" – "King Aphilas"
 * Reverse: "AξωMITωN BICIΔIMIHΛH" – "of the Aksumites, man of Dimele"

Some copper coins include a variant inscription:
 * Obverse: "AΦIΛACBA CIΛEYCAξω" – "King Aphilas of the Aksu..."
 * Reverse: "MITωNBI CIΔIMIHΛH" – "...mites, man of Dimele"

title: Aphilas