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Nova Scotia Highway 103

Highway 103 is an east-west highway in Nova Scotia that runs from Halifax to Yarmouth.

The highway follows a route of 291 km along the province's South Shore region fronting the Atlantic coast. The route parallels its predecessor, local Trunk 3. The highway varies from 2-lane controlled access to 2-lane local secondary roads on the section between Yarmouth and Hebbville. East of Hebbville to Ingramport, the highway is 2-lane controlled access, with the exception of a 3 km 4-lane divided freeway near Chester. From just west of Ingramport (exit 5A), to the interchange with Highway 102 (near Bayers Lake) in Halifax, the highway is 4-lane divided freeway. Same as Highway 101, kilometre markers increase running west-to-east, increasing from Yarmouth to Halifax; with exit numbers running east-to-west, increasing from Halifax to Yarmouth.

In 2013, Highway 103 was redesignated as the Fishermen's Memorial Highway.

History
The highway has developed sporadically since the 1970s, with the 2-lane controlled access portion to Bridgewater being largely responsible for the abandonment of CN Rail's South Shore line, the former Halifax and Southwestern Railway.

In November 1998, construction was completed that twinned a five kilometer section of highway between exit 2 and exit 3. In November 2006, construction was completed that twinned 15 kilometres of highway between exit 3 and exit 5. In December 2006, an 8.3 kilometre bypass around Barrington was completed.

In late September 2015 a new section of highway was opened to bypass the Port Joli area. In November 2016, a new section was completed which bypassed Port Mouton. Residents complained that the single exit east of the community had lengthened the trip for people heading west from Port Mouton.

The new interchange in Ingramport (exit 5A) opened in January 2017.

Work on twinning Highway 103 from exit 5 (Tantallon) to exit 5A (Ingramport) began in February, 2018 and was completed in December, 2020. Twinning from exit 5A (Ingramport) to exit 6 (Hubbards) started in 2020 with an expected completion date of late 2023.

Names of Highway 103

 * Fishermen's Memorial Highway - June 2013
 * Barrington Bypass - Barrington to Oak Park, Shelburne County
 * Nine Mile Road - Sable River to Jordan Falls, Shelburne County

Safety concerns
Between 2006 and 2009, there were 29 deaths on the highway. In 2009, it was considered Nova Scotia's deadliest highway and was ranked the second most dangerous highway in Canada by the Canadian Automobile Association. In 2009 alone, ten people died in automobile accidents on the highway, according to the Nova Scotia Department of Transportation and Infrastructure Renewal. Between 2008 and 2012, there were 22 fatalities on the highway.

In September 2018, local residents raised concern over the presence of a road sign on the highway, near the turnoff to Port Mouton, that had a very confusing appearance, looking like a patchwork of several other road signs. It was supposedly revealed when a hotel removed its billboard advertisement, revealing the sign below.

Communities

 * Halifax
 * Beechville
 * Lakeside
 * Timberlea
 * Hubley
 * Lewis Lake
 * Upper Tantallon
 * Head of St. Margarets Bay
 * Ingramport
 * Black Point
 * Queensland
 * Hubbards
 * Simms Settlement
 * East River
 * East Chester
 * Windsor Road
 * Chester Basin
 * Beech Hill
 * Gold River
 * Western Shore
 * Martins Point
 * Martins River
 * Oakland
 * Clearland
 * Blockhouse
 * Maitland
 * Pine Grove
 * Oakhill
 * Bridgewater
 * Cookville
 * Bridgewater
 * Wileville
 * Hebbville
 * Hebbs Cross
 * Italy Cross
 * Middlewood
 * Danesville
 * Mill Village
 * Brooklyn
 * Milton

title: Nova Scotia Highway 103


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Coincidence of wants

The coincidence of wants (often known as double coincidence of wants) is an economic phenomenon where two parties each hold an item that the other wants, so they exchange these items directly. Within economics, this has often been presented as the foundation of a bartering economy.

In principle, double coincidence of wants would mean that both parties must agree to sell and buy each commodity. Under this system, problems arise through the improbability of the wants, needs, or events that cause or motivate a transaction occurring at the same time and the same place. One example is the bar musician who is "paid" with liquor or food, items which his landlord will not accept as rent payment, when the musician would rather have a month's shelter. If, instead, the musician's landlord were to throw a party and desire music for it, hiring the musician to play it by offering the month's rent in exchange, a coincidence of wants would exist.

In-kind transactions have several limitations as it only effectively works if one party actually has the item, or is willing to make said item, that the other party is seeking. Having a monetary medium can resolve this issue as it provides freedom for the former to work on or give away other items of interest, instead of being burdened to provide a particular item to the latter, impeding innovation in the long term, especially if barter was implemented on a larger scale. They can also only focus on satisfying parties that have monetary medium. Meanwhile, the latter party can use their medium of wage to wait and see which party would provide them the item they want.

Besides barter, other kinds of in-kind transactions also suffer from the coincidence of wants problem in the absence of a medium of exchange. Romance, for example often relies on a double coincidence of wants. If Max likes Mallory but Mallory does not like Max, then the two cannot meaningfully exchange the benefits of romance. Only if there exists a coincidence of wants can a mutually beneficial relationship be established without a medium of exchange.

John Hickman argues that barter may characterize future interplanetary trade because the much lower costs of communication compared with transportation will make a shared currency between the economies of the two worlds impossible.

As another example, when wealth is transferred during marriage, divorce, inheritance, and other crucial life events, or during the collection of taxes or tribute, it is improbable that this event will coincide with the recipient's desire for the commodities the payer can readily obtain. All of these transactions entail an improbable coincidence of wants and events which can be resolved by the existence of a monetary medium.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Coincidence of wants


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John Hare, 1st Viscount Blakenham

John Hugh Hare, 1st Viscount Blakenham, OBE, PC, DL (22 January 1911 – 7 March 1982) was a British Conservative politician.

Background and education
Blakenham was the third son of The Rt. Hon. Richard Hare, 4th Earl of Listowel, an Anglo-Irish aristocrat, and The Hon. Freda Vanden-Bampde-Johnstone. His elder brother, The 5th Earl of Listowel, was a prominent Labour politician. He was educated at Eton.

Political career
Blakenham was an Alderman of London County Council between 1937 and 1952 and fought in the Second World War with the Suffolk Yeomanry in Italy and was awarded the Legion of Honour and appointed an OBE. He sat as Member of Parliament for Woodbridge between 1945 and 1950 and for Sudbury and Woodbridge between 1950 and 1963 and was vice-chairman of the Conservative Party between 1952 and 1955. He served under Sir Anthony Eden as Minister of State for the Colonies between 1955 and 1956 and under Eden and his successor, Harold Macmillan, as Secretary of State for War from 1956 to 1958.

He later held office under Macmillan as Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food from 1958 to 1960 and Minister of Labour between 1960 and 1963. He was admitted to the Privy Council in 1955 and in 1963 he was elevated to the peerage as Viscount Blakenham, of Little Blakenham in the County of Suffolk. Blakenham then served under Sir Alec Douglas-Home as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Deputy Leader of the House of Lords from 1963 to 1964 and was chairman of the Conservative Party between 1963 and 1965.

Family
Lord Blakenham married the Hon. Nancy Pearson, daughter of Weetman Pearson, 2nd Viscount Cowdray, on 31 January 1934. They had three children:

 * Hon. Mary Anne Hare (b. 9 April 1936)
 * Michael John Hare, 2nd Viscount Blakenham (25 January 1938 - 8 January 2018)
 * Hon. Joanna Freda Hare (b. 27 July 1942)

In 1967, Joanna married American attorney and Harvard Law School professor Stephen Breyer; Breyer would be appointed a Circuit Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit in 1980 and a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1994.

Lord Blakenham died in March 1982, aged 71, and was succeeded in the viscountcy by his only son, Michael. Lady Blakenham died in November 1994, aged 86.

Horticultural interests
In 1951 he purchased a wood close to his home, to make a woodland garden. Over the following years he created glades and paths through the bluebells and planted many rare plants, and became known as the Blakenham Woodland Garden.

Hare received the Victoria Medal of Honour from the Royal Horticultural Society in 1974. In 1982 he became treasurer of the Society.

The Blakenham Woodland Garden was inherited by his son and is open to the public. On his death the wood was made into a charitable trust. His son, Michael Blakenham, a lifelong environmentalist has increased the stock of unusual specimens and has bought many rare including unnamed trees and shrubs from auctions at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

title: John Hare, 1st Viscount Blakenham


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Dean Young (cartoonist)

Dean Wayne Young (born July 2, 1938) is the head writer of the popular comic strip Blondie, which he inherited from his father Chic Young, who died in 1973.

Since then, Dean Young has collaborated on Blondie with several artists: Jim Raymond (1973–1981), Mike Gersher (1981–1984), Stan Drake (1984–1997) and Denis Lebrun (1997–2005). Since 2005, Blondie is drawn by John Marshall, who worked with his assistant Frank Cummings until the latter's death in 2014.

In 1986, Young talked about his gag situations, his approach to the characters of Blondie and Dagwood and satisfying his readers. He also explained how he could be in Vermont or Florida and collaborate with Stan Drake at his studio in Westport, Connecticut:
 * "I like to deal mainly with domestic situations, and I primarily stick with eating, sleeping, raising children and making money. These days I often do ideas that will appeal to more feminist-type women. I don't want Blondie just to be stuck at home with gags involving her to be limited to that setting alone. I want Blondie to be a complete woman, and I want readers to respect her not only for her ability to maintain a home, but also for her own mind and her own person. If readers admire a character's personality and the way he or she is, they have affection and love for the character... A lot of the changes in the way he [Dagwood] acts nowadays have to do with his relationships to women. I'm careful to see that he doesn't do things that might make a segment of women readers unhappy or upset... I don't want to make any group or persons unhappy with the way the Blondie characters behave. This was my dad's formula, and the advice he passed on to me in this connection has worked very well...".

As of 2021, Young and his wife Charlotte make their home in Belleair, Florida.

title: Dean Young (cartoonist)


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Gene Woodling

Eugene Richard Woodling (August 16, 1922 – June 2, 2001) was an American professional baseball player, coach and scout. He played in Major League Baseball as an outfielder between 1943 and 1962, most prominently as a member of the New York Yankees dynasty that won five consecutive World Series championships between 1949 and 1953.

Woodling was a left-handed batter known as a line drive hitter who hit over .300 five times during his 17-year career and, had a .318 batting average during his five World Series appearances. He excelled defensively, leading American League outfielders in fielding or tied for the lead four times, and never made more than three errors in a season during his tenure with the Yankees. Woodling also played for the Cleveland Indians, Pittsburgh Pirates, Baltimore Orioles, Washington Senators, and the New York Mets in their expansion year of 1962. His baseball career was interrupted by his military service in the United States Navy during the Second World War. After his playing career, he served several major league teams as a coach and a scout.

Early career
Woodling was born in Akron, Ohio where his father worked in a rubber factory. His professional baseball career began in 1940 in the Indians' organization. He missed the 1944 and 1945 seasons while serving in the United States Navy in the Pacific. Before coming to the majors for good in 1949, Woodling was a four-time minor league batting average champion. He mostly played left field (1,208 games) when he entered the majors, but appeared in 325 contests in right field and played 93 games in center.

Yankees career
Woodling played with six teams during his career, the longest term of service being with the Yankees for six years and 698 of the 1,763 games played of his MLB career. With them, Woodling had what was probably his best year, 1953. Although he only had 395 at bats, he led the American League with a .429 on-base percentage. While Woodling was with the Yankees, the team won five consecutive World Series (1949–53). During that time, Yankee manager Casey Stengel praised the outfielder's ability to run and throw. Stengel generally platooned him with right-hander Hank Bauer, but each averaged 400 at bats per season. Woodling hit a solo home run in each World Series from 1951 through 1953, and, in 1951, helped Allie Reynolds secure his first of two no-hitters on the season, when he homered in a 1–0 win over Bob Feller and the Indians. In 1952, Woodling became the first player to pinch-hit a triple in the World Series. On November 17, 1954, a record 17-player deal took place between the Orioles and Yankees, involving Woodling, future 20-game winner Bob Turley and Don Larsen, who would go on to pitch a perfect game in the 1956 World Series for New York. Woodling had been sidelined for the last part of the 1954 season with a broken arm.

 Orioles career

Woodling led the 1959 Baltimore Orioles season with a .300 batting average and received the Orioles Most Valuable Player.

Woodling was inducted into the Baltimore Orioles Hall of Fame in 1992.

Later career
Woodling returned to the Indians along with Billy Cox from the Orioles for Dave Pope, Wally Westlake and cash before the trade deadline on June 15, 1955. He set career-highs in home runs (19), runs batted in (78), and batting (.321) in 1957. A few months before he turned 40, he was sent to the New York Mets, where old Yankees manager Casey Stengel was working on his latest project, the newborn Mets. Woodling would be managed by Stengel for the remainder of the 1962 season. He was released before the 1963 season, after publicly criticizing the front office's contract negotiations with Marv Throneberry.

Overview
In his 17-season career, Woodling batted .284 with 147 home runs and 830 RBI in 1,796 games. Woodling ended with a .386 on-base percentage and 1,585 career hits in 5,587 at bats. He hit .300 or better five times. In five World Series, Woodling hit .318 (27-85). As an outfielder, he recorded a .989 fielding percentage.

Post-playing days
Woodling was appointed on November 20, 1963, as the Orioles' first-base coach by former Yankees teammate Hank Bauer, who had become the team's manager one day earlier. He remained in that capacity through the 1966 World Series Championship season and up until the announcement on September 28, 1967, that he would not be retained for the 1968 season. He was also a scout for the Yankees and the Indians. Woodling died at the age of 78 in a nursing home in Wadsworth, Ohio on June 2, 2001.

title: Gene Woodling


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User talk:Mf1517

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. You may also want to check out Merge, for information about merging, renaming and moving pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful. In addition, you might want to add yourself to the new user log; if you made any edits before getting an account, you may wish to assign those to your username.

By the way, an important tip: To sign comments on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~~~~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments.

Finally, here are some open tasks:

Other links for reference: Wikiquette, image copyright tags, Merge Hope to see you around the Wiki! Remember to be Bold! with your edits, and if you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 05:28, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mf1517


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Paul Stewart

Paul Stewart may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Paul Stewart (actor) (1908–1986), American actor who appeared in Citizen Kane
 * Paul Stewart (writer) (born 1955), English children's novelist
 * Paul Stewart (music producer) (born 1964), American music industry producer
 * Paul Anthony Stewart (born 1967), American actor
 * Paul Stewart (musician), English musician; member of band The Feeling
 * Paul Stewart (pianist), Canadian musician
 * Paulie Stewart (born 1960 or 1961), Australian musician, journalist

Sports

 * Paul Stewart (ice hockey) (born 1953), American ice hockey referee and player
 * Paul Stewart (basketball) (born 1956), Scottish basketball player
 * Paul Stewart (footballer, born 1964), English footballer (Blackpool, Tottenham Hotspur, Liverpool)
 * Paul Stewart (racing driver) (born 1965), Scottish motor racing driver and team director
 * Paul Stewart (footballer, born 1979), Scottish footballer (East Fife)
 * Paul Stewart (Australian footballer) (born 1987), Australian rules footballer

Others

 * Paul Stewart (politician) (1892–1950), U.S. Representative from Oklahoma
 * Paul Stewart (historian) (1925–2015), American historian
 * Paul A. G. Stewart (born 1941), American clergyman; bishop of the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church
 * Paul Stewart (endocrinologist) (born 1959), British medical scientist and endocrinologist

title: Paul Stewart


text:
User talk:Derek505

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. You may also want to check out Merge, for information about merging, renaming and moving pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful. In addition, you might want to add yourself to the new user log; if you made any edits before getting an account, you may wish to assign those to your username.

By the way, an important tip: To sign comments on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~~~~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments.

Finally, here are some open tasks:

Other links for reference: Wikiquette, image copyright tags, Merge Hope to see you around the Wiki! Remember to be Bold! with your edits, and if you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 05:29, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Derek505


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Porgy and Bess/archive1

Porgy and Bess
This article was a stub in December, but after a lot of work, mostly by User:BaronLarf and a bit by me, the article is now FA material. Please note the effort that has gone into removing the red links as well. The article was on PR twice, and nobody seemed to have any problems. If you do, please provide them below. --Alexs letterbox 05:29, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure about the copyrights, everything in the LOC sin't PD, and the fair use images need to have a full rationale for fair use explained on the image page.--nixie 10:31, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I have changed the tag to fair use for the top image, and provided a reason on its page. I added reasons for fair use on the images from the Glyndebourne Production. --Alexs letterbox 08:05, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Seems like good work to me--support. but I'd like to know a little more about the plot before plunging into the discussion of productions and leitmotifs. Could you add a basic one-paragraph summary of what the opera is about somewhere above the production info? It would help elucidate some of the discussion of racism and controversy that occurs there. Meelar (talk) 15:09, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * I have added a short summary in the lead, others may want to move it elsewhere. --Alexs letterbox 08:05, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I had removed the summary without knowing it had been requested here; I just put one back into the lead now after becoming aware of the FAC. --BaronLarf 01:44, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Conditional opposition Neutral. Too little images are provided, and the copyrights of the recordings are also questioned . Deryck C. 09:20, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The ogg files that are associated with the excerpts are small, and amount to less than 0.1% of the work. However, as community consensus is limited to non-existent on Fair Use recordings, I will remove the Listen links from the article (for the time being). There are already four pictures in the article, but I have added two more in other areas. --Alexs letterbox 07:22, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Getting many images is difficult, since the opera was only written in 1935 and photographs from recent productions are subject to copyright. I don't believe that lack of images should bar an article from being a FA; this article does have 6 of them at this point. --BaronLarf 01:35, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Improvements are shown, but the amount of images is still quite inadequate. I've withdrew my opposition and turned neutral, but more efforts on pictures are really necessary to gain my support vote. Deryck C. 16:46, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Are you stating that the pictures are too little or that there are too few of them? --BaronLarf 18:51, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Assuming the objection is to the number and not to the size, there are currently 10 images in the article. I think that there has been a great effort to get better images for the article, while trying to stay within the confines of fair use.  Any other suggestions on how else to go about this would be welcome.  Cheers. --BaronLarf 13:40, July 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * Support I particuarly like the historical material. Also, let's not fetishize images. In fact, I could do without the CD cover. -- Viajero | Talk 13:19, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Support I also liked the historical material. One concern is that I read the article bottom-up. I think that the production's material is not relevant as the plot or the muscial description, or even the racial repercusion. But once I got there, I got stuck and read it twice :-) Good work. --Jdiazch 20:23, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * According to our wikiproject, a discussion of history usually occurs before a plot synopsis. But I agree with you here, since the history discussion is so long.  I've rearranged the order. --BaronLarf 21:55, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Support; it reads well and is thorough, on a quick pass. I'll look at more closely later.  I have a couple minor quibbles though:  Can we have tempo indications on the musical examples, and can we change "Maestro" on the last musical example to whatever it really is (I'm guessing "maestoso"); that last example could use some cautionary naturals in the second complete bar as well.  Good job everyone who worked on this!  Antandrus  (talk) 22:38, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Firstly, I will not add tempo indications to the musical examples. All my textbooks (Enjoyment of Music, Kamien; Complete Guide to Opera, András Batta; and Groves) do not put these in, maybe this should be discussed at the corresponding WikiProject. I have fixed the last example, see image page for details. --Alexs letterbox 07:50, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Alexs letterbox changed the example to state "Maestoso," as well as added cautionary naturals. --BaronLarf 17:16, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment: is the drug dealer named "Sportin' Life" or "Sporting Life"? Both are used, but I feel this should be consistent. Meelar (talk) 15:55, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * I've changed it all to "Sportin' Life" --BaronLarf 17:16, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Support My tweaks to the article were few and trivial. A splendid job. --Wetman 19:02, 28 July 2005 (UTC)


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European spadefoot toad

The European spadefoot toads are a family of frogs, the Pelobatidae, with only one extant genus Pelobates, containing six species. They are native to Europe, the Mediterranean, northwestern Africa, and western Asia.

Description
The European spadefoot toad grows up to 10 cm in length and is often inconspicuously coloured. They have squat bodies with smooth skin and eyes with vertical pupils. They are predominantly fossorial (burrowing) frogs, which dig into sandy soils. Pelobatidae frogs burrow backwards and they spend much of their time in the ground. They prefer open areas with loose soil as opposed to dense compact soil to facilitate the burrowing and have hardened protrusions on their feet to aid in digging, which is the source of the common name. They emerge from the ground during periods of rain and breed in pools, which are usually temporary.

All of the species from this family have free-living, aquatic tadpoles. The eggs are laid in temporary ponds that may quickly evaporate, so the tadpole stage is unusually brief, with rapid development to the adult form in as little as two weeks. To further speed their growth, some of the tadpoles are cannibalistic, eating their brood-mates to increase their supply of protein.

Taxonomy
The seven species of American spadefoot toads (genera Scaphiopus and Spea) were previously also included in the family Pelobatidae, but are now generally regarded as the separate family Scaphiopodidae.

Family Pelobatidae
 * Genus †Elkobatrachus
 * †Elkobatrachus brocki
 * Genus †Liaobatrachus
 * Genus †Eopelobates
 * †Eopelobates anthracinus
 * †Eopelobates bayeri
 * †Eopelobates hinschei
 * †Eopelobates wagneri
 * Genus Pelobates
 * Pelobates balcanicus
 * Western spadefoot toad (Pelobates cultripes)
 * Common spadefoot (Pelobates fuscus)
 * Pelobates syriacus (Pelobates syriacus)
 * Moroccan spadefoot toad (Pelobates varaldii)
 * Pallas' Spadefoot Toad (Pelobates vespertinus)

Fossils
The earliest fossil genus of pelobatids, Elkobatrachus, was described in 2006.

In the Jurassic Morrison Formation, pelobatids are represented by the ilium of an unnamed but indeterminate species. This ilium is larger than that of Enneabatrachus, a contemporary discoglossid species. A specimen has been recovered from Quarry 9 of Como Bluff in Wyoming. Pelobatids are present in stratigraphic zones 5 and 6 of the formation.

title: European spadefoot toad


text:
Songpyeon

Songpyeon is a traditional Korean food made of rice powder. Its shape resembles a half moon and it is a representative rice cake of Korean holidays and traditional culture. It is a type of tteok, small rice cakes, and variety of fillings are used—some include red bean paste, toasted sesame seeds, and chestnuts. Songpyeon is traditionally eaten during the Korean autumn harvest festival, Chuseok, where it is often prepared by families at home. It is a popular symbol of traditional Korean culture. The earliest records of songpyeon date from the Goryeo period.

Description
Songpyeons are half-moon shaped rice cakes that typically contain sweet or semi-sweet fillings, such as soybeans, cowpeas, chestnuts, jujubes, dates, red beans, sesame seeds, or honey. They are steamed over a layer of pine needles, which gives them a distinctive taste and the fragrant smell of fresh pine trees. The colors typically include white (흰 송편, hwinsongpyeon), green (숙 송편, ssuksongpyeon), red (송이 송편, songgisongpyeon), and yellow (치자 송편, chijasongpyeon). Songpyeon is typically enjoyed during the Korean holiday, Chuseok, where it is shared amongst family, friends, and neighbors. It is also enjoyed with liquor on this special occasion. "Song" refers to pine needles.

Culture
Songpyeon is quintessential to Korean families' Chuseok celebrations. Traditionally, songpyeon was made by Korean families using freshly harvested rice and then offered to their ancestors on the morning of Chuseok as thanks for the bountiful harvest during charye, an ancestral memorial ritual. Songpyeon is also given to other family members and close neighbors. Such offerings are viewed as signs of respect and efforts to avoid bad luck within the family.

Songpyeon is used to show gratitude for the year's harvest by placing it on a table with other foods, included newly harvested fruit, and taro. These three foods symbolize, respectively, the fruit of the heavens, the fruit of the earth, and the fruit of the underground.

Songpyeon is also said to represent the moon and wishes, which is why people will say their wishes while making and eating it. Many stories describe why songpyeon is in the shape of a half moon rather than a full moon. The most common belief is that Korean ancestors thought that a round-shaped full moon could only wane while a half-moon would fill up. This is considered a sign of abundance and prosperity. Songpyeon resembles a full moon shape before being folded and transforms into a half moon when folded with filling.

One explanation of Songpyeon's half moon shape stems from a historical anecdote from King Uija's reign. In the anecdote, a turtle once came to the palace with a carving on his back that read "Silla is half moon.", which represented a hopeful future for the kingdom.

Another Korean anecdote says that the person who makes beautifully-shaped songpyeon will meet a good spouse or give birth to a beautiful baby.

Preparation
Songpyeon is made by kneading rice flour with salt and hot water until it is smooth in order to create a dough. Small pieces of the dough are torn off, rolled into balls and then indented in the center using a thumb. The filling of choice is placed inside the now hollowed center and then the ball is sealed closed and shaped. The rice cakes are steamed on top of pine needles for about 20–30 minutes and then rinsed with cold water in order to maintain their chewy texture. The rice cakes are then blotted dry and typically finished by being brushed with sesame oil.

Steaming the rice cakes on top of pine needles gives them a unique taste and scent, and also helps to prevent the rice cakes from sticking together while steaming. As pine trees also produce large amounts of phytoncide, this effectively kills germs, and helps avoid spoiling due to the presence of terpene.

According to the Dongui Bogam, the most well-known Joseon medical book, the pine needles are also said to have medicinal effects on the food.

Regional Differences
Although the cultural significance of songpyeon remains the same, differences in color, shape, ingredients, and even thickness can be found across Korea.

Chungcheong Province
As pumpkin is widely grown in this region, Chungcheong Province is known for its pumpkin songpyeon. The pumpkins are dried and ground into a powder which is then mixed with the rice flour to make the dough. The rice cakes are often shaped to look like small pumpkins. The result is a sweet rice cake that is bright in color.

Gangwon Province
With an abundance of potato crops and oak trees, Gangwon Province is known for its potato songpyeon and acorn songpyeon. These rice cakes are made with potato starch and acorn powder, respectively. The songpyeon in this region are typically flat with ridges from pressing down using fingers and in Gangneung, people leave their handprints on the rice cakes.

Gyeongsang Province
Songpyeon made in Gyeongsang Province are typically larger than the songpyeon found in other regions. A popular type of songpyeon found here is ramie songpyeon, which consists of boiled ramie leaves which are added to the rice cakes to make them healthier.

Jeju Province
A traditional filling for songpyeon made on Jeju Island is sweetened peas. The songpyeon are sometimes shaped with a concave center to resemble a volcanic crater and are often pan-fried after being steamed.

Jeolla Province
Songpyeon made in Jeolla Province sometimes contains arrowroot starch which is combined with rice flour to make the rice cake dough. Jeolla Province is also known for its flower songpyeon which are made with natural dyes and made to resemble flowers either by hand or by using a mold.

Seoul
Seoul is known for its small, five-colored or osaek songpyeon. The five colors—white, brown, pink, green, and yellow—represent the harmony of nature. White songpyeon lacks any color additives, but the other colors are obtained using natural ingredients. Brown is created using cinnamon; pink, by using strawberry or omija syrup; green, by using mugwort; and yellow, by using gardenia seeds.

North Korea
The traditional songpyeon made in Pyeongan Province in North Korea is seashell songpyeon. The name of this songpyeon is attributed to its seashell shape. Its filling consists of sesame seeds, sugar, and soy sauce.

title: Songpyeon


text:
User talk:Mission9801

Welcome
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Taboo food and drink
Some good touchups on this article but just a note that you modified the spelling of a number of words from American to British english. The Wikipedia standard is to maintain an article in the language it was originally written in. I expect a yank will revert some of your changes. Garglebutt / (talk) 11:17, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Complex analysis
Thank you for your contributions to removable singularity and Pole (complex analysis). Looking forward to more math contributions. Oleg Alexandrov 03:32, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

Re: Literomancy
Frankly don't think I know anything about literomancy.. :-P — Instantnood 12:11, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

Penis Replacement
Can you please cite your sources? I'm having trouble finding information about the material you've written.

Thanks. -- BMIComp (talk, HOWS MY DRIVING) 02:22, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

 * replied

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Nomination of Tribulation Force (group) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Tribulation Force (group) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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title: User talk:Mission9801


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WXIN

WXIN (channel 59) is a television station in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside Bloomington-licensed CBS affiliate WTTV, channel 4 (and its Kokomo-licensed satellite WTTK, channel 29). The stations share studios on Network Place (near 71st Street and I-465) in northwestern Indianapolis; WXIN's transmitter is located on West 73rd Street (or Westlane Road) on the northern outskirts of the city.

Channel 59 debuted as independent station WPDS-TV on February 1, 1984, broadcasting from studios on Meridian Street. Majority-owned by Anacomp, Inc., it was named for its founding owners: Ron Palamara, Chris Duffy, and Melvin and Herbert Simon. The station dabbled in production of local programs including a newscast, a late-night talk show, and a children's program. Within a year, the partners sold the station to Outlet Communications, which changed the call sign to WXIN in 1985 to reduce confusion with PBS and WTBS. An aggressive program purchasing policy and the financial troubles of WTTV, its chief competitor, made the station more competitive in the market, and the station joined Fox at its creation in 1986.

After more than two years on the market and an abortive sale to locally based Emmis Communications, Chase Broadcasting purchased WXIN in 1990. The station began airing a 10 p.m. newscast in 1991, but it was not until Tribune Broadcasting ownership that it grew beyond late news. A morning newscast debuted in 1999, and from 2004 to 2014, the station tripled its weekly news output with new and expanded newscasts in nearly every key daypart. Tribune acquired WTTV in 2002 and moved both stations the next year to their present studios in northwest Indianapolis. WTTV became a CBS affiliate in 2015 with a partially separate news operation.

WPDS-TV: Construction and early years
The first group to express interest in the long-dormant channel 59 in Indianapolis was a group backed by Clint Murchison, who proposed subscription television (STV) operation for the channel in 1978. The group, Channel 59 of Indiana, formally filed that July. United Television Corporation of Indiana (owned by United Cable) filed the next month with a similar plan. That December, Indianapolis Television—a consortium of shopping mall and Indiana Pacers co-owner Melvin Simon, his brother Fred, and Gerald Kraft—filed for channel 59, A fourth application, from Indianapolis 59 (subsidiary of a young Sinclair Broadcast Group), was also received.

Indianapolis Television Corporation secured the channel in 1981 under the terms of a joint settlement, reimbursing its competitors a combined $128,300 in the process. While it, too, had proposed subscription programming, changes in technology and the industry led the firm to hold off on building an STV outlet and ultimately find the concept unviable. The permit, initially with the call sign WSMK, soon changed hands. In 1983, 80 percent of the stock in the company was sold to local computer services company Anacomp, Inc.; Melvin retained 10 percent, while his other brother, Herbert Simon, bought a 10-percent stake. The $800,000 acquisition produced capital to be invested in the construction of the station. Anacomp was headed by Ron Palamara, while one of the vice presidents in Anacomp was Chris Duffy, who had been the general manager at WTHR for five years before joining Anacomp in 1981. The reconfigured ownership group, known as USA Communications, changed channel 59's call letters to WPDS-TV, after Palamara, Duffy and Simon's initials.

Palamara had promised the station would be on air for the new year of 1984; due to weather delays, that turned into the Chinese New Year when WPDS-TV signed on February 1, 1984. Originally operating as an independent station, channel 59 maintained a general entertainment programming format featuring cartoons, movies, classic sitcoms and drama series. The station originally operated from studios located at 1440 North Meridian Street along Indianapolis's "Media Row", which had previously been occupied by WFYI. Under USA Communications, the station had a heavy emphasis on local programming. The station produced 59er Diner, a local kids' show, plus as exercise, gospel, and stand-up comedy programs, as well as a late-night talk show, Night Talk with Dick Wolfsie. A local news department also featured in channel 59's early months, including a half-hour 9 p.m. newscast; due to low ratings, this was scaled back to periodic news updates at the end of August. Duffy told Richard K. Shull of The Indianapolis News, "I made a strategic error in how viewers perceive us. They see us as an entertainment vehicle. They look to the network stations for news."

WXIN: Outlet ownership
Palamara, Duffy, and Simon sold the station to Outlet Communications (through its Atlin Communications subsidiary) in a deal announced in October 1984 and completed in February 1985. The $22 million transaction was touted as among the largest for a TV station in its first year of operation. The station's call letters were then changed to the current WXIN on August 10, 1985, a decision precipitated not by the ownership change but by a desire to avoid confusion (particularly in ratings diaries) with the similar-sounding cable channel WTBS and PBS. Under Outlet, the station maintained its competitiveness with established Indianapolis-market independent station WTTV; the station touted a total audience share of 7%, which it claimed was among the largest for a new independent in a top-35 market (only beaten by KTXH in Houston and WBFS-TV in Miami).

WXIN became a charter affiliate of the Fox Broadcasting Company when the network launched on October 9, 1986. With aggressive program purchases, the station eroded WTTV's market share and moved ahead in the key early evening time slot of 6–8 p.m., aided by that station's multi-year bankruptcy. However, these purchases also drained the bottom line.

In December 1987, Outlet Communications put WXIN and WATL in Atlanta on the market to repay debt from the related company that owned both stations' licenses, Atlin Communications. In May 1988, Emmis Communications, an Indianapolis-based radio station group owner, announced it would purchase the Indianapolis station for $17.5 million, marking its first television property. Emmis, which had twice attempted to buy WTTV, needed a waiver to own WXIN as well as local radio station WENS. Outlet's directors rebuffed the offer because its $15 million bid for WATL was seen as too low. Emmis sued, but the lawsuit was dismissed in federal court. During the attempted Emmis purchase, WXIN won the rights to telecast Indiana Pacers basketball road games from WTTV, which had broadcast the team since 1974. The relationship lasted five seasons, concluding in 1993 when WXIN was no longer able to air the team due to its commitment to Fox network programming.

Chase and Renaissance ownership
The Atlin sale process came to an end in 1989, as Outlet agreed to sell WXIN and WATL, plus two radio stations in Washington, D.C., to Chase Broadcasting of Hartford, Connecticut, for $120 million. The purchase made Chase, which already owned WTIC-TV in Hartford and was buying KDVR in Denver, the largest single owner of Fox-affiliated stations when it was concluded in March 1990.

In 1991, Chase Broadcasting announced it would sell some or all of its properties in order to invest in new business ventures in Eastern Europe after the end of the Cold War, particularly successful cable television systems in Poland. Four of its five Fox affiliates, including WXIN, were sold to Renaissance Broadcasting of Greenwich, Connecticut. Renaissance was forced to tamp down rumors of a combination of WTTV and WXIN under common operation, with rumors suggesting either a local marketing agreement or the Fox affiliation moving outright to WTTV paired with a donation of channel 59. These rumors surfaced again in 1996, when Sinclair Broadcast Group—having just acquired WTTV—was rumored as an acquirer for WXIN and the Renaissance group.

Tribune ownership
Chicago-based Tribune Broadcasting bought Renaissance's television properties for $1.13 billion on July 7, 1996.

Tribune acquired WTTV and its satellite station in Kokomo, WTTK (channel 29), from Sinclair on April 29, 2002; this created the market's first television duopoly under current FCC regulations with WXIN when the purchase was finalized on July 24 With WXIN already at capacity in its existing building, the company began investigating new sites for a larger facility, leaving behind Meridian Street, the "media row" home to all of the city's other major TV stations. By year's end, zoning approval had been obtained for a site inside Intech Park on the northwest side of Indianapolis. Construction began in January 2003, and the 51200 ft2 facility was completed at the end of the year.

Beginning in 2003, WXIN was the broadcast home for the state lottery game show Hoosier Millionaire, which had aired on WTTV. As part of the move, the show's hosts were changed to Cody Stark and Catt Sadler, who presented morning show Fox 59 a.m. at the time. Hoosier Millionaire was canceled by the Indiana Lottery in 2005 due to declining ticket sales. In 2006, the station picked up the rights to the Indianapolis Colts coaches' shows; The shows later returned to WISH-TV. Beginning in 2015, WXIN and WTTV acquired the rights to all Colts preseason games and coaches' shows.

WTTV became a CBS affiliate on January 1, 2015, with dedicated local newscasts but using some of the same staff.

Sale to Nexstar Media Group
After a failed attempt by Sinclair Broadcast Group to acquire Tribune Media, Nexstar Media Group announced in December 2018 that it would acquire the company. Nexstar already owned WISH-TV and WNDY-TV, and due to FCC ownership rules and scrutiny, Nexstar was required to divest two of the stations; the company ultimately elected to sell WISH and WNDY to the owner of Bayou City Broadcasting, in favor of retaining WTTV and WXIN. The deal closed on September 19, 2019.

On June 13, 2024, Fox Sports announced an agreement to become the exclusive broadcaster of the IndyCar Series beginning in 2025 under a multi-year deal, with all races airing on the Fox network. As a result, local television rights to the Indianapolis 500 will move to WXIN from NBC affiliate WTHR; as per Indianapolis Motor Speedway rules, the live broadcast will continue to be blacked out on WXIN.

News operation
In late 1990, WXIN management began analyzing the creation of a local newscast after WTTV discontinued its local news effort. The station also discussed contracting WISH-TV to produce the newscast after WTTV struck a deal to air a newscast produced by WRTV. At the time, WTHR offered a 10 p.m. newscast as part of an early prime time experiment that was performing poorly. The station opted to produce its own news effort and hired Jim Sanders from WGME in Portland, Maine, to serve as news director.

With a news staff of 18, Fox 59 Nightcast debuted on September 23, 1991, with the anchor team of Bob Donaldson, Caroline Thau, Chris Wright, and Brian Hammons. Wright, a meteorologist, was the first African-American to be a lead anchor on a weeknight newscast in Indianapolis. After just two weeks, the program was trimmed to a half-hour in length to appease fans of Star Trek: The Next Generation, which had originally been removed to make way for the news hour, and because WTTV recommitted to its newscast from WRTV. Fox 59 Nightcast was launched days before Chase declared its intention to sell its TV stations, and Steve Hall of The Indianapolis Star felt the news department was doomed to be cut by any prospective buyer; a rival general manager indicated to his employees that he believed WXIN would cancel the newscast within six weeks. This did not come to pass. Fox named WXIN its affiliate of the year in 1992, citing Nightcast as a model for future news startups by Fox affiliates, and the newscast—while second to WTTV's WRTV-produced newscast in total viewership—performed better in key young adult demographics.

In 1994, the news department expanded into space at 1440 North Meridian previously used by radio station WZPL as its offices, and that October, WXIN surpassed WTTV in 10 p.m. news total ratings for the first time. Thau departed in 1995 and was replaced by Ginger Gadsden, the first Black woman to be the lead anchor of a late-night newscast in the market. Nightcast was renamed Fox News at 10 in September 1995. WTTV's WRTV-produced 10 p.m. newscast ceased airing on December 31, 2002, after Tribune's acquisition of that station; it had lived on until that point to help WTTV, which held the Indiana Lottery contract, comply with a provision that required drawing results to be broadcast within a newscast.

WXIN expanded news programming outside its established 10 p.m. slot in April 1999, when it premiered Fox 59 a.m. Formatted as a mix of news, entertainment and lifestyle features with a looser, "personality-driven" style inspired by morning radio programs, the show initially aired from 6 to 9 a.m. The program was reformatted as a more traditional morning newscast in 2004 and grew to beat competing local and national morning news programs in the 25–54 age demographic.

In 2004, Jerry Martin took over as general manager of WXIN; under his tenure and that of successor Larry Delia, the station grew its news output considerably. On April 17, 2006, WXIN expanded its 10 p.m. newscast to one hour, the first in a series of news expansions. These included a 5 a.m. hour of the morning newscast in 2008, a 5 p.m. newscast and three-hour weekend morning newscasts in 2010, 4:30 and later 4 a.m. hours of the Fox 59 Morning News, an additional hour for the weekend morning newscasts, a 6 p.m. newscast in 2012, and 7 and 11 p.m. newscasts in 2014. A station that had produced $21 1/2$ hours weekly of local news in 2004 grew to 66 hours a week of news in 2014.

WXIN debuted IN Focus, a half-hour Sunday morning program focusing on political and civic issues, on May 3, 2015. A new local lifestyle show, Indy Now, was added to the station's schedule at 10 a.m. in 2021.

Notable current on-air staff

 * Lindy Thackston – weekday morning anchor (2013–2020, since 2021)

Notable former on-air staff

 * Aishah Hasnie – investigative reporter, 2011–2019
 * Sara Snow – weekday morning news reporter and fill-in anchor, 2000s

Technical information
The station's signal is multiplexed: {{legend|#DFEBF6|Broadcast on behalf of another station}}

WXIN began broadcasting a digital signal on UHF channel 45 on October 28, 1999. It shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 59, on June 12, 2009—the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal continued to broadcast on its pre-transition channel 45.

WXIN moved its digital signal from channel 45 to channel 22 on October 18, 2019, as a result of the 2016 United States wireless spectrum auction.

title: WXIN


text:
User talk:Dah31

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Welcome to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. You may also want to check out Merge, for information about merging, renaming and moving pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful. In addition, you might want to add yourself to the new user log; if you made any edits before getting an account, you may wish to assign those to your username.

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Breton talk
Hi, I doubted as you put the Template:Facts in an article ; so here is the result : Talk:Onion Johnny. No verifiable sources are given from the websphere, yet WP:FR contributors are in accordance to the accuracy of the sentence.

Yours,

Ultrogothe (talk) 20:30, 18 August 2011 (UTC)

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Degree symbols
Hi, I knew that there was misuse of one type of superscripted degree symbol, but could never sort out which was which. It would be very useful for me to know the correct symbol for temperature degrees on both Mac and Windows keyboards; can you advise? Tony  (talk)  07:41, 20 September 2016 (UTC)

 * WP:UNITS says to use &deg; for both temperature and angles. Degree symbol should cover most other situations.  Cheers!—Dah31 (talk) 06:37, 21 September 2016 (UTC)

Retargetable graphics/ReTargetable Graphics
You moved this page to Retargetable graphics with DevCon 1993 as source in your description. I think such bold change should have been discussed first - I don´t think DevCon 1993 is authoritative source in this regard (magazines, books and even promotional materials of GFX card vendors use various spelling(s) ). However, as your spelling is also used by few sources, I will not push for revert. Thanks for other changes you did on this article! Pavlor (talk) 06:52, 14 December 2016 (UTC)

 * Admittedly, the DevCon notes are a primary source, the word from Commodore should be authoritative. As for secondary sources, a quick unscientific count over my magazine archive shows 123 hits for " [Rr]etargetable " and 14 for " [Rr]eTargetable " (35 and 2, respectively, for "…gettable").  I will add a citation to the intro and leave a note on the article talk page.  Thanks!—Dah31 (talk) 09:07, 14 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Well, in case of RTG, Commodore had not much to say to its implementation - company was bankrupt even before CGX release. That is why I can´t see DefCon document as authoritative - actual usage of the term in reliable secondary sources should be more important there. As this varies by magazine and age, plain "retargetable" is fine by me. I only fear someone other will come and move the page back to ReTargetable... Pavlor (talk) 09:45, 14 December 2016 (UTC)

Reference errors on 24 January
Hello, I'm ReferenceBot. I have automatically detected that an edit performed by you may have introduced errors in referencing. as follows: Please check this page and fix the errors highlighted. If you think this is a false positive, you can [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?action=edit&preload=User:A930913/RBpreload&editintro=User:A930913/RBeditintro&minor=&title=User_talk:A930913&preloadtitle=ReferenceBot%20–%20&section=new report it to my operator]. Thanks, ReferenceBot (talk) 00:30, 25 January 2017 (UTC)
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 * Thanks, ReferenceBot. cite is not the same thing as fact.  —Dah31 (talk) 06:20, 28 January 2017 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Helix (stationery company)
Hello Dah31,

I wanted to let you know that I just tagged Helix (stationery company) for deletion, because the article doesn't clearly say why the subject is important enough to be included in an encyclopedia.

If you feel that the article shouldn't be deleted and want more time to work on it, you can [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=&action=edit&section=new&preload=Template:Hangon_preload&preloadtitle=This+page+should+not+be+speedy+deleted+because...+ contest this deletion], but please don't remove the speedy deletion tag from the top.

You can leave a note on my talk page if you have questions.

Meatsgains (talk) 02:14, 12 September 2018 (UTC)

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Charles III requested move discussion
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Wikipedia talk:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-07-18/News and notes

The lower number of incoming links could be due to Google weeding out spamming sites that mirror Wikipedia's content to boost their own ranking. I've seen a lot of that in Google's search results in the past. – Minh Nguyễn (talk, contribs, blog) 05:32, 18 July 2005 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Tomthumble

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. You may also want to check out Merge, for information about merging, renaming and moving pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful. In addition, you might want to add yourself to the new user log; if you made any edits before getting an account, you may wish to assign those to your username.

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Other links for reference: Wikiquette, image copyright tags, Merge Hope to see you around the Wiki! Remember to be Bold! with your edits, and if you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 05:33, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

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Talk:Pay-per-click

Syndicate Relevant blog topic reference link
Hello,

Can you add this blog link as reference in this reference section PPC Strategy & Trends to Watch in 2022 URL - https://www.ezrankings.com/blog/ppc-strategy-trends/ Vincentj1010 (talk) 10:49, 10 August 2022 (UTC)

 * still i am waiting for your reply Vincentj1010 (talk) 07:33, 15 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pay-per-click


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Talk:Source (journalism)

Ironic
Kinda ironic that an article pretaining to journalistic sourcing fails to cite accurate sources. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Deftdrummer (talk • contribs) 04:21, 24 September 2007 (UTC) I came here to post this Asasa64 (talk) 01:03, 3 March 2012 (UTC)

Anonymous Sources
I made "Anonymous Sources" its own standalone entry. I wanted to give it some prominence -- would like to see the examples of faulty reporting from anonymous sources grow.

This is my first major edit to a wikipedia article, so forgive me if I've broken any protocols.

Thanks, Matt J. Duffy —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mattjduffy (talk • contribs) 16:18, 8 April 2008 (UTC)

Added more regarding the ethics of anonymous sources
I added a bunch (and sourced) the section about the ethics of anonymous sources, though perhaps the section should be labelled controversy? I dunno. Titanium Dragon (talk) 06:08, 21 October 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Source (journalism)


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Yeongdong Line

The Yeongdong Line is a line of Korail. It connects Yeongju in North Gyeongsang Province with Gangneung in Gangwon Province. From Yeongju, it crosses the Taebaek Mountains and reaches the Sea of Japan (East Sea) at Donghae, thence proceeding north to Gangneung.

At Yeongju, the line connects with the Gyeongbuk and Jungang Lines. Some trains travel directly from one to the other, so that it is possible to travel directly from Seoul or Busan to Gangneung by rail.

Construction
The first 41.4 km section of the line (Mukho Port–Dogye) was opened by the privately owned Samcheok Railway on 31 July 1940. The line was named Cheoram Line, which ran from Mukho, a port on Korea's east coast that became part of Donghae in 1980, to Cheoram in the Taebaek Mountains, to develop three coal fields. Between Simpo-ri and Tong-ri stations, the great height difference was scaled by a steep double-track railway. Freight railcars going up and down were connected to the same cable, passengers had to walk up the mountain. A 12.9 km branch from Bukpyeong station (today Donghae station) to Samcheok, the Samcheok Line, was opened on 11 February 11.

Another section of the future Yeongdong Line was first projected as a branch line from Yeongju to Chunyang for the exploitation of the forest areas and mines in the area, the Yeongchun Line. Permission to build the line was given to the privately owned Chosen Railway on 16 October 1944, and work began that year with local forced labourers. Although the first section from Yeongju to Naeseong (today Bonghwa) was almost complete by August 1945, that month World War II ended, a Korean provisional government formed, and a flood damaged the tracks, leading to the abandonment of the line. After the nationalisation of the line work resumed in 1949, when the Economic Cooperation Administration, the United States government agency administering the Marshall Plan, also launched a plan to revive South Korea's economy, which included the construction of new railway lines. One new line under the plan was the 86.4 km long Yeongam Line from Yeongju to Cheoram, which included and extended the Yeongchun Line alignment planned by the Chosen Railway to link up the Cheoram Line with the rest of the network. The reconstructed 14.1 km from Yeongju to Naeseong opened in March 1950. Construction was interrupted again because of the Korean War in 1950. After the end of the war work was resumed in 1953, and the last section finally opened in 1955. The scenic Yeongam Line included 55 bridges and 33 tunnels:

Following the 1961 coup, the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction started South Korea's first five-year plan, which included a construction program to complete the railway network, to foster economic growth. The Gangwon Bukbu Line, a railway along the eastern coast from Mukho to Gyeongpo-dong in Gangneung, the endpoint of a narrow-gauge railway to Sokcho, was opened until 1962 as follows:

This line was also called the Donghae Bukbu Line with view to a planned connection with the existing line by the same name further north. On May 17, 1963, the Yeongam, Cheoram and Gangwon Bukbu Lines were integrated into a single line from Yeongju to Gangneung under the present name as the Yeongdong Line. Meanwhile, from August 1961, the 8.5 km Hwangji switchback section was built to bypass the cable-hauled section between Simpo-ri and Tong-ri stations, which opened on May 30, 1963.

A number of branches were built from the line, among them the 9.0 km long Hwangji Branchline from Baeksan to Hwangji (today Taebaek), which opened on December 20, 1962, and was integrated into the Taebaek Line in 1973.

After the closure of the Gangneung–Gyeongpo-dong section on March 1, 1979, the total length of the line reduced from 200 km to 193.6 km.

Upgrade
Electrification reached the line from the Taebaek Line, when the catenary on the 85.5 km long section from Gohan on the Taebaek Line via junction station Baeksan to Donghae went into service on December 5, 1975. On March 28, 1997, the 87.0 km long section from the junction to Yeongju followed, and electrification was completed with the 45.1 km long Donghae–Gangneung section on September 8, 2005.

The steep descent from Dongbaeksan to Dogye contains switchbacks, which hinder smooth traffic. In addition, a 1996 investigation found that the section is endangered by soil subsistence and the ageing of tunnels. To solve these problems, Korail built a 19.6 km new alignment between the two stations with a budget of 510.322 billion won. The main part of the section is the 16240 m Solan Tunnel, which includes a spiral. The tunnel was opened on 27 June 2012.

At the time of thawing relations between South and North Korea, when the cross-border section of the Donghae Bukbu Line was reopened in 2007, the South Korean government considered the construction of a railway for freight traffic all along the east coast to the North Korean border. This line would incorporate the Donghae–Gangneung section of the Yeongdong Line and the Samcheok branch, and connect to newly built lines at Samcheok and Gangneung. Three years later, the project re-surfaced as a domestic project. On September 1, 2010, the South Korean government announced a strategic plan to reduce travel times from Seoul to 95% of the country to under 2 hours by 2020. Under the plan, the east coast line, including the section of the Yeongdong Line from Donghae to Gangneung and the Samcheok Line, would be upgraded for 230 km/h, and may see KTX service.

Operation
In passenger traffic, the Yeongdong Line is served by Mugunghwa-ho cross-country trains. In the timetable valid from December 15, 2010, three pairs of daily trains run along the entire length of the line, reinforced by a seventh pair on Saturdays and Sundays, with Yeongju–Gangneung travel times between 3 hours 42 minutes and 3 hours 56 minutes, depending on the number of stops. Two pairs of the daily trains connect Gangneung and Dongdaegu Station in Daegu, traversing the Daegu Line and part of the Jungang Line to connect to the Yeongdong Line, with Dongdaegu–Gangneung travel times between 6 hours 16 minutes and 6 hours 39 minutes. The third pair of daily trains runs between Gangneung and Bujeon station in Busan, also traversing parts of the Jungang and Donghae Nambu Lines, with Bujeon–Gangneung travel times of 8 hours 24 minutes toward Gangneung and 8 hours 34 minutes in the opposite direction. The pair of weekend trains runs between Gangneung and Busan station, also traversing the Gyeongbuk Line and the Gimcheon–Busan section of the Gyeongbu Line, with Busan–Gangneung travel times of 8 hours 25 minutes toward Gangneung and 8 hours 30 minutes in the opposite direction. A further pair of daily trains runs only between Yeongju and Donghae.

The Dongbaeksan–Gangneung section of the Yeongdong Line sees more frequent passenger traffic, with Mugunghwa trains from the capital Seoul reaching the line via the connecting Taebaek Line. In the timetable valid from December 15, 2010, six pairs of daily trains run between Cheongnyangni station in Seoul and Gangneung, reinforced by a seventh pair on Fridays to Sundays, with Cheongnyangni–Gangneung travel times between 5 hours 47 minutes and 6 hours 25 minutes, depending on the number of stops.

In 1998, Korean National Railroad (today Korail) introduced special tourist trains operating in the winter months, identified by a snowflake decoration, which enjoyed great popularity. Most of these trains also traverse parts of the Yeongdong Line. By the 2009/2010 season, the offer expanded to a dozen different tour packages, including trips to single destinations combined with local excursions, as well as round trips in the Taebaek Mountains along the Jungang, Taebaek and Yeongdong Lines.

According to Korail's plans in 2009, travel times on the Yeongdong Line are to be reduced after 2013 with the future series version of the Tilting Train Express.

Major stations

 * Yeongju station, Yeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, the junction with the Jungang Line and the terminus of the Gyeongbuk Line
 * Bonghwa station, Bonghwa, Gyeongsangbuk-do
 * Chunyang station, Bonghwa, Gyeongsangbuk-do
 * Seokpo station, Bonghwa, Gyeongsangbuk-do
 * Cheoram station, Taebaek, Gangwon-do
 * Dongbaeksan station, Taebaek, Gangwon-do, the terminus of the Taebaek Line
 * Tong-ri station, Taebaek, Gangwon-do
 * Dogye station, Samcheok, Gangwon-do
 * Singi station, Samcheok, Gangwon-do
 * Donghae station, Donghae, Gangwon-do, terminus a branch to Samcheok
 * Mukho station, Donghae, Gangwon-do
 * Jeongdongjin station, Gangneung, Gangwon-do
 * Gangneung station, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, the planned terminus of the rebuilt Donghae Bukbu Line

Famous stations

 * Sandglass (drama) was shot at Jeongdongjin station.
 * I Really Really Like You! (drama) was shot at Gosa-ri station.
 * The Vineyard Man (drama) starring Yoon Eun Hye was shot at Simcheon station.

title: Yeongdong Line


text:
Talk:Songpyeon

Photo
Is this photo songpyeon? Badagnani 04:26, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
 * No, that is ggul tteok. The shape of ggul tteok is similar to that of songpyeon though. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Appletrees (talk • contribs) 09:40, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

Removed from article
See this edit. Badagnani (talk) 00:21, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

Source to evaluate:. Badagnani (talk) 00:25, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Again, your false accusation campaign continues. That is just an opinion of someboy, not properly sourced material. Besides, the cached link is "reliable one"? You just learn and read this core principle. WP:V, WP:CITE, WP:RM, WP:OR, WP:NPA.--Caspian blue (talk) 00:35, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

Original research
Original research or unsourced content is a big no-no. According to Korean encyclopedias (Doosan Encyclopedia, EncyKorea) along with the one attached English source, sonngpyeon has nothing to do with Chinese mooncake and "moon" shape at all. It is rather related to "nobinal" (slaves' day). So the newbie is well done to remove the original research. So if there is a person to call the legitimate removal as "massive blanking", that would be also false accusation.--Caspian blue (talk) 00:22, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

Removal?
"Koreans also hoped and prayed to help them avoid misfortune." - I'm not sure this statement is beneficial to the article. Considering removing... — Preceding unsigned comment added by HeelpoTHer (talk • contribs) 01:26, 15 April 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Wiki Education assignment: Rhetorical Practices from the Ancient World to Enlightenment
— Assignment last updated by Yaejinhahn (talk) 15:13, 14 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Songpyeon


text:
User talk:Cpdeepak

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. You may also want to check out Merge, for information about merging, renaming and moving pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful. In addition, you might want to add yourself to the new user log; if you made any edits before getting an account, you may wish to assign those to your username.

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Other links for reference: Wikiquette, image copyright tags, Merge Hope to see you around the Wiki! Remember to be Bold! with your edits, and if you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 05:35, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Emageon
A tag has been placed on Emageon, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done for the following reason:

blatant advertising and copy/pasted from company website without indication of permission

Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not meet very basic Wikipedia criteria may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as an appropriate article, and if you can indicate why the subject of this article is appropriate, you may contest the tagging. To do this, add  on the top of the page and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm its subject's notability under the guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Leebo 86 15:53, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cpdeepak


text: Talk:Yeongdong Line

title: Talk:Yeongdong Line


text:
Huangbaiyu

Huangbaiyu is a model sustainable village in Benxi, Liaoning,  China. As of 2006, over 40 individual houses had been built; however, the construction methods, costs, materials used and the house designs have come under great criticism.

Planning
Huangbaiyu was conceived by William McDonough and Partners in conjunction with Tongji University in Shanghai, the Benxi Design Institute, and China-U.S. Center for Sustainable Development. The town is being built in stages and is to be model of sustainable development using principles laid out by McDonough. His main thesis is that instead of trying to reduce waste you eliminate it by having everything be capable of being broken down into technical or biological nutrition that can be reused so that no waste is created and no waste needs to be disposed.

Construction
In April 2006, the project was encountering some difficulties: some housing was completed, but no residents had moved in. By September 2006, 42 houses had been built. The cost of each individual dwelling is estimated to be around 28,000 yuan (A$4,600).

Controversies

 * Of the 42 completed houses, only three have used the hay and pressed-earth combination. The rest use hay and compressed bricks of coal-dust, triggering a debate over whether the coal dust represents a health risk.
 * Only one house has solar panels; the rest were built to burn timber but have now been modified to use gas from a biogassification plant that Huangbaiyu's village chief, Dai Xiaolong, built after buying the technology. None of the houses face south as originally planned because the building contractor changed the orientation to fit Feng Shui. Inexplicably, the new houses also have garages, although no villager can afford a car.
 * American anthropologist Shannon May was sponsored by computer-chip giant Intel to live in the village to monitor the transformation. But after more than a year, she is dismayed at the outcome and worried that to "save face", the village may continue to be promoted as sustainable and replicated elsewhere.

title: Huangbaiyu


text:
Chitarwata Formation

The Chitarwata Formation is a geological formation in western Pakistan, made up of Oligocene and early Miocene terrestrial fluvial facies. The sediments were deposited in coastal depositional environments (estuarine, strandplain and tidal flats) when Pakistan was partly covered by the Tethys Ocean.

Paleomagnetic data indicates an age range of around 28 to 17 million years ago, with its base in the Oligocene, and its upper boundary, where it meets the overlying Vihowa Formation, of the Early Miocene.

Together with the Vihowa Formation, the Chitarwata Formation records the sedimentation of the Himalayan foreland basin during the collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates, the transition from marginal marine to fluvial environments, and the rise of the Himalayas.

Fossil content
The Chitarwata Formation has provided a wealth of terrestrial mammal fossils of the late Paleogene and early Neogene, or Tabenbulakian; the last of the Asian land mammal ages (ALMA).

Among many others, the following fossils are reported from the formation:

title: Chitarwata Formation


text:
Radio spectrum pollution

Radio spectrum pollution is the straying of waves in the radio and electromagnetic spectrums outside their allocations that cause problems for some activities. It is of particular concern to radio astronomers.

Radio spectrum pollution is mitigated by effective spectrum management. Within the United States, the Communications Act of 1934 grants authority for spectrum management to the President for all federal use (47 U.S.C. 305). The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) manages the spectrum for the Federal Government. Its rules are found in the "NTIA Manual of Regulations and Procedures for Federal Radio Frequency Management". The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) manages and regulates all domestic non-federal spectrum use (47 U.S.C. 301). Each country typically has its own spectrum regulatory organization. Internationally, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) coordinates spectrum policy.

title: Radio spectrum pollution


text:
Talk:Valerie Plame/to do

 * Full rewrite past the intro.
 * Avoid presenting as a list of quotes. Use statements as references; do not use them in place of prose.
 * Ensure the focus is on biographical detail and not on reiteration of Plamegate
 * This list is controversial: see Talk:Valerie Plame.
 * Add an "In Popular Culture" section, noting the existence of the The Decemberists song "Valerie Plame" about her, from their 2008 release

title: Talk:Valerie Plame/to do


text:
Sigma Kappa

Sigma Kappa (ΣΚ, also known as SK or Sig Kap) is a sorority founded on November 9, 1874 at Colby College in Waterville, Maine.

The sorority has initiated 226,000 members, has 119 collegiate chapters, and has over 98 alumnae chapters. It is officially partnered with the Maine Sea Coast Mission to raise money for the Mission's programs, and it also includes gerontology with an emphasis on Alzheimer's disease and research its other initiatives.

The sorority is one of 26 members of the National Panhellenic Conference (NPC) of national women's fraternities, joining the conference in 1905.

History
In 1871, Mary Caffrey Low Carver became the first and only female student at Colby College in Maine until Elizabeth Gorham Hoag, Ida Mabel Fuller Pierce, Frances Elliott Mann Hall and Louise Helen Coburn were admitted and enrolled in 1873. As the only women, they associated frequently and decided to form a society. They were instructed by the college administration that they would need to present a constitution and bylaws with a petition requesting permission to form Sigma Kappa. On November 9, 1874, the faculty approved their petition. Sigma Kappa annually celebrates November 9 as its Founders' Day.

Low was the first woman to appear on the sorority's rolls and the first to preside over an initiation, of which Coburn wrote a large portion. The first Sigma Kappa emblem was designed by Hoag, who died shortly thereafter of tuberculosis. Much of the original initiation music was written by Hoag's cousin, Emily Peace Meader, who was inducted shortly before Hoag's death in 1875. Mann Hall was the first to marry (a fellow Colby student).

In the first constitution, chapters were limited to 25 members, and so Beta chapter and Gamma chapter were also established at Colby College as more joined. Early records indicate that the groups met together, but in 1893, the members voted to stop expanding inside the college, meaning that the Alpha chapter could initiate to the limit of 25, but Beta and Gamma chapters could initiate no more and would eventually disappear. The vote also meant that the members began expansion outside of Colby College.

Expansion began in 1904 at Boston University, and in 1905, Sigma Kappa joined the National Panhellenic Conference. The sorority first published its magazine, the Sigma Kappa Triangle, in 1907. In 1912, its Seattle Mu chapter first-year student Dorothy Louise Anderson, whom Lake Dorothy is named after, died of illness. Her parents, Ada Woodruff and Oliver Perkins Anderson, gave a lodge to the chapter on Puget Sound, used up until 1919.

In 1918, the sorority adopted the Maine Sea Coast Missionary Society as its first philanthropy interest. Its second philanthropy, begun in the aftermath of WWII in 1946 had an international focus, supporting the American Farm School of Thessaloniki, Greece. Its mission complete, the Farm School effort has been discontinued. In 1924 Sigma Kappa established its first national headquarters in Reading, Massachusetts, which would move to Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1936. In 1937, it began sending out field consultants for collegiate chapters.

In 1954, Sigma Kappa adopted gerontology as its third and most extensive philanthropy, which continues to the present day. In 1959, the sorority absorbed another NPC social sorority, Pi Kappa Sigma, which had been formed in 1894 at Michigan State Normal College (Now Eastern Michigan University). In 1962, it established a separate branch, the Sigma Kappa Foundation, to manage its philanthropy funds, and added Alzheimer's disease as a focus for its gerontology philanthropy in 1984.

In 1992, it began another program as part of its gerontology initiatives, "Inherit the Earth". In 1993, Sigma Kappa established a housing corporation.

Symbols
Sigma Kappa's colors are lavender and maroon, chosen in 1891. In June 1892, the violet was adopted as the official flower and specified in 2008 as the Wild Purple Violet to distinguish it from other varieties of violets. The dove became an official symbol in 1984 and the heart in 1988.

The Sigma Kappa coat-of-arms includes the symbols of the sorority: the dove, violet, Greek letters, and colors. Adopted in 1911, the coat-of-arms consists of a maroon shield with a diagonal gold bar on which are five lavender stars. The lower half has a coiled serpent, and the upper has a maroon and gold wreath. A silver dove is above the shield, with an arch of gold rays above the dove. Below is a silver scroll, bearing the open motto in black text and the date 1874.

Badges
The current membership badge is a one-inch jeweled triangle with Greek letters Σ and Κ. The triangle badge was chosen in 1894, and later, jeweled badges were approved at the 1915 convention when the pearl was adopted as the national jewel. Unjeweled badges have a scroll edge. Badges are either made of silver, white gold or yellow gold.

The new members pin is only worn during the new member period, and it is shaped as gold Greek "K" for Kappa with a serpent lacing through it to form a Greek "Σ" for Sigma. This design was adopted as the new member pin in 1920.

There are also alumni pins, 25-year pins, and 50-year pins, and the "Pearl Court Pin" which is given to recipients of the Ernestine Duncan Collins Pearl Court Award, which is a national award given by the organization.

Philanthropies
In 1962, Sigma Kappa established a separate entity, the Sigma Kappa Foundation, and in 1989, it was incorporated as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Chapters raise funds for the Foundation, which then grants the funds towards: scholarships for leadership and tuition for its collegiate members, alumnae chapter funds, alumnae and collegiate crisis relief, and collegiate project grants, while donations made with specific restrictions may be given to specific scholarships or causes such as Alzheimer's research.

At a 1918 convention, the sorority voted to partner with the Maine Sea Coast Mission to aid communities and ecologies of coastal Maine. In 1954, gerontology was adopted as another main philanthropy of Sigma Kappa, with members encouraged to volunteer with the elderly. Beginning in 1984, the sorority added an emphasis on Alzheimer's disease research. The sorority also has an "Inherit the Earth" project that has goals of improving local environments. The first letter of Sigma Kappa's five philanthropies spell out the word "Sigma;" the philanthropies are the Sigma Kappa Foundation, Inherit the Earth, Gerontology, Maine Sea Cost Mission, and the Alzheimer's Association.

Many collegiate chapters of Sigma Kappa participate in The Walk to End Alzheimer's to raise money for the Alzheimer's Association. This money does not go through the Sigma Kappa Foundation but directly to the Alzheimer's Association. According to the Foundation's website: "Since becoming a Platinum National Walk team in 2016, Sigma Kappa has consistently raised more than $1,000,000 annually. In 2019, Sigma Kappa became a Diamond Level National Walk Team, the highest level for a national team for the Alzheimer's Association." Some chapters may also participate host a variety of fundraising events called "Ultra Violet", a concept introduced in 2008, where all funds raised go to the Foundation's PULSE fund.

Values
As sisters of the Sigma Kappa Sorority, alumnae and collegiate women strive to uphold the four values that the sorority is founded on: friendship, loyalty, personal growth, and service.

Membership
As with all National Panhellenic Conference (NPC) sororities, women may join Sigma Kappa if they attend as an undergraduate a university with an active chapter from which they receive a membership offer. Prospective members must meet the fraternity's national minimum GPA requirement (3.0/4.0) as well as the chapter's requirement. Alternatively, women past college-age may be invited or may apply to join via alumnae initiation if they are not already a member of another NPC sorority, a process which 20 of the 26 NPC members also participate in. Due to NPC agreements, no woman who has been initiated into another NPC sorority may join another one, although no NPC member is restricted from joining a professional or service Greek letter organization.

Chapters
Sigma Kappa has 119 collegiate chapters and 98 alumnae chapters.

The Delta chapter of Boston University is now the oldest existing chapter. The Eta Chapter of Illinois Wesleyan University is the longest continuously running chapter. In 1984, Colby College banned fraternities and sororities, ensuring that the Alpha chapter will probably never be resurrected.

In 2005, Sigma Kappa's Mu Chapter House at the University of Washington obtained City of Seattle Landmark status, becoming the only sorority or fraternity in Seattle to achieve Historic Landmark status both at the City of Seattle and on the National Historic Register.

Notable members
According to the sorority, it has initiated more than 185,000 women.

title: Sigma Kappa


text:
User talk:Scyus

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. You may also want to check out Merge, for information about merging, renaming and moving pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful. In addition, you might want to add yourself to the new user log; if you made any edits before getting an account, you may wish to assign those to your username.

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Other links for reference: Wikiquette, image copyright tags, Merge Hope to see you around the Wiki! Remember to be Bold! with your edits, and if you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 05:40, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Scyus


text:
User talk:Dljpdx

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. You may also want to check out Merge, for information about merging, renaming and moving pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful. In addition, you might want to add yourself to the new user log; if you made any edits before getting an account, you may wish to assign those to your username.

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Other links for reference: Wikiquette, image copyright tags, Merge Hope to see you around the Wiki! Remember to be Bold! with your edits, and if you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 05:40, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Image:Jgt.jpg
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July 2011
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title: User talk:Dljpdx


text: Category:Japanese motorcycle racers

title: Category:Japanese motorcycle racers


text:
Pine Ridge, Arkansas

Pine Ridge is an unincorporated community in Oden Township, Montgomery County, Arkansas, United States. It is located at 34.58583°N, -93.91°W.

The original name was Waters, but the name was changed in 1936 to Pine Ridge through a vote of the city's town council. Waters was the basis for the fictional town of Pine Ridge, Arkansas on the radio show Lum and Abner, and the name of the real town was changed to honor and match the fictional one that made it famous. Since that time, Pine Ridge has lost its incorporation and no longer has a municipal government. The two oldest buildings in Pine Ridge, the Huddleston Store and McKinzie Store, both of which date to the first decade of the 20th century, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and currently serve as a Lum and Abner museum and replica of the "Jot'em Down" general store heard in the radio series.

title: Pine Ridge, Arkansas