text:
Juliette and the Licks

Juliette and the Licks is an American rock band led by actress and singer Juliette Lewis. Other band members have included guitarists Todd Morse, Craig Fairbaugh, Emilio Cueto, bassist Jason Womack and drummer Ed Davis. Their popular songs include "You're Speaking My Language" and "Hot Kiss". The band broke up in 2009. They reunited for a Los Angeles show in 2015, followed by extensive touring in 2016. In June of 2016, Juliette Lewis announced a solo tour leaving the future of The Licks undetermined. In May 2018 members of the band tweeted that they were in the studio working on new music as Juliette And The Licks.

History
Lewis accompanied Patty Schemel, drummer for Hole, to a Blondie concert and decided to find musicians to accompany herself and Patty. The Licks became Juliette (vocals), Patty Schemel (drums), Todd Morse (guitar) and Paul Ill (bass). The band released their first EP …Like a Bolt of Lightning in 2004, which was shortly followed by the debut album You're Speaking My Language, whose title track became their most successful single, followed by the less successful, disco-influenced "Got Love to Kill". The released version of the second single was a remix of the original song, which had a more rock influence.

Schemel left the band before sessions for the second album had begun, so Foo Fighters frontman Dave Grohl filled the gap. The album was recorded by Lewis, Grohl, Morse, Kemble Walters and Jason Womack. Grohl then asked the Licks to be a guest act at the Foo Fighters' sell-out Hyde Park performance in June 2006, to around 85,000 people (other acts were Angels & Airwaves, Queens of the Stone Age and Motörhead). At the same event, Lewis and Moa Holmsten from Meldrum sang backing vocals on one of Motörhead's songs.

Their second album Four on the Floor, was released in late 2006. "Hot Kiss", which was one of the Licks' most successful singles, was the first release from the album, though the following single, "Sticky Honey", proved less commercially successful. The band then toured America and Europe, including opening for Muse and Chris Cornell.

Kemble Walters left in 2007 to rejoin his original band, The Rise. The band recruited a temporary player before guitarist Emilio Cueto was recruited to fill the spot permanently. The band performed and presented awards at MTV Brasil's music awards that year, and did the same at the 2008 MTVAAs in Sydney, Australia, after which Todd Morse left the band. Craig Fairbaugh replaced Morse on tour, before the band ceased operations in 2009.

The band's track "Inside the Cage" was featured on the Grand Theft Auto IV soundtrack on fictional in-game radio station Radio Broker.

Break-Up
In a 2009 MySpace blog, Lewis announced the band was at the "end of its run". Explaining that she needed a change to grow as an artist, the singer formed a new band and released a studio album called Terra Incognita in 2009. Of the Licks, she said, "There were only two of them left. They split. Nobody wants to tour all the time. I mean, I do, but not them… It looks like the famous singer fired the whole band, but that's not how it happened."

Reunion and new music
Since disbanding Juliette and the Licks in 2009, Juliette Lewis has focused mostly on her Hollywood career. Juliette and the Licks announced they would reunite for a special show at the El Rey Theatre in Los Angeles on July 23, 2015. What's more, the indie rockers are currently working on a new album — their first since 2006's Four on the Floor — that was due to arrive in 2016. In a press release, Lewis explained how the idea for a reunion came to fruition. “While recording music with Brad Shultz of Cage the Elephant [she appeared in the band’s recent video for “Take It or Leave It”], I knew I eventually had to put together a killer band. And I thought … Why don’t I get the best band I ever had back together again – The Licks.” “At our peak we were known for our insane chemistry and energy onstage,” she continued. “The last venue I played as a solo act with my other band was El Ray [sic]. I have always loved that venue. I figured let's start with an amazing hometown reunion show with guest musicians. And take it from there.” The reunion show occurred on July 23, followed by an extensive European tour through 2016. In May 2018 the band members tweeted that they were in the studio working on new music as a band.

Current members

 * Juliette Lewis – lead vocals, production (2003–2009, 2015–present)
 * Todd Morse – lead guitar, backing vocals, (2003–2008, 2015–present)
 * Jason Womack – bass (2006–2009, 2015–present)
 * Kemble Walters- rhythm guitar (2006-2007, 2015–present)
 * Ed Davis – drums (2006–2009, 2015–present)

Former members

 * Paul Ill – bass (2003–2006), keyboards, synthesizer, rhodes piano, backing vocals (2006–2007)
 * Patty Schemel – drums (2003–2004)
 * Jason Morris – drums (2004–2006)
 * Emilio Cueto – rhythm guitar (2007–2009)
 * Craig Fairbaugh– lead guitar (2008–2009)

Session musicians

 * Dave Grohl – drums on Four on the Floor (2006)

Touring members

 * Brad Wilk – drums (2016)
 * Juan Alderete - bass (2016)

Extended plays

 * ...Like a Bolt of Lightning (2004)

title: Juliette and the Licks


text:
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Nature Portfolio. It was established in 2004 as Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology & Hepatology and obtained its current title in April 2009. The editor-in-chief is Katrina Ray.

Scope
The content includes editorial and opinion pieces, highlights from the current literature, commentaries on the application of recent research to practical patient care, reviews, and case studies. The scope includes pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, and biliary tract, such as functional gastrointestinal disorders, inflammatory diseases, cancer, infection, and nutritional disorders.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed by: • Index Medicus/MEDLINE

• PubMed

• EMBASE/Excerpta Medica

• Science Citation Index Expanded

• Current Contents/Clinical Medicine

• CINAHL

• CAB Abstracts

• Chemical Abstracts Service

• Scopus

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 73.082, ranking it 1st out of 93 journals in the category "Gastroenterology & Hepatology".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
T'ang Quartet

The T'ang String Quartet (唐四重奏) is a Singapore-based classical string quartet that has played to critical acclaim. Formed in 1992, they are Singapore's first full-time professional chamber group. The quartet started with Ang Chek Meng, Ng Yu-Ying and brothers Leslie Tan and Lionel Tan. The Tan brothers left the quartet with Han Oh and Wang Zihao joining the quartet in 2020 and 2021 respectively.

History
Ang Chek Meng, Ng Yu-Ying, brothers Leslie Tan and Lionel Tan, met each other in the Singapore Youth Orchestra in the 1980s and started playing together at functions as a quartet. In 1992, Ang returned from his musical studies overseas and they decided to form the T'ang Quartet. The name of the quartet was created by combining the surnames of all the members.

In 1997, all four members left the Singapore Symphony Orchestra to concentrate on T'ang Quartet.

The quartet was on the faculty of the Boston University Tanglewood Institute from 2001 to 2005.

In 2004, the quartet started recording their first album. In 2005, they released their first album, The Art Of War, dedicated to two Jewish composers in wartime Czechoslovakia Erwin Schulhoff and Pavel Haas.

In September 2006, it performed at the opening of Singapore Biennale, and to foreign dignitaries at the IMF and World Bank Annual Meetings held in Singapore.

In 2007, T'ang Quartet premiered "Optical Identity", a collaborative production with Theatre Cryptic (Scotland) was commissioned by the Singapore Arts Festival. The European premiere took place at the Edinburgh International Festival in August, and the production then traveled to the Alicante International Contemporary Music Festival (Spain) in September, and tours Scotland in October and November 2007.

In 2020, Han oh joined the quartet with Wang Zihao joining in 2021.

In April 2022, the quartet opened their 30th Anniversary celebrations with a rousing performance at Victoria Concert Hall. The concert, Humble Beginnings, also formally introduced their new members, Han Oh (viola) and Wang Zihao (cello). The quartet's new incarnation made its debut with contrasting string quartets by Joseph Haydn and Alexander Borodin to no less fanfare.

To commemorate 30 years of music, the T'ang Quartet has lined up a series of programmes in 2022, including the launch of their coffee table book, Tang At 30, which will be released in July. It will be held in conjunction with T'ang Quartet's second edition two-day anniversary programme, Gift of Music, at the Esplanade Recital Studio. The quartet also headlined NAC-ExxonMobil Concert in the Gardens on 30 July at the Singapore Botanic Gardens' Heritage Festival 2022.

The T’ang Quartet is currently the quartet-in-residence at the Yong Siew Toh Conservatory of Music at the National University of Singapore.

Reception
Critics have praised the T’ang Quartet as 'astounding' for its 'confidence', bravura and charisma' (Boston Globe) and for bringing ‘enthusiasm, energy and commitment...to all the music...' (The Times, London). They have added that 'this ensemble is outstanding. Unanimity of attack is uncanny, and intonation and internal balance both impress greatly. These are plainly minds which share a wavelength' (Evening Standard, London).

British strings magazine The Strad praised the Quartet as a "fine-toned, well-balanced, thoughtfully blended ensemble without a weak link – and with an excellent sense of style".

Members

 * Ng Yu-Ying (born 1968), 1st violin
 * Ang Chek Meng (born 1969), 2nd violin
 * Han Oh (born 1974), viola
 * Wang Zihao (born 1991), cello

Former members

 * Leslie Tan, cello
 * Lionel Tan, viola

Live concert recording album

 * Not Our Debut (T'ang Quartet and International Music Management, 1996)

Limited Release album

 * Heavenly (Action Theatre, 2001)

Album

 * The Art of War (T'ang Quartet Limited, 2005)
 * Made in America c.1893 (T'ang Quartet Limited, 2006) – featuring Violist Jiri Heger as guest soloist (Viola Quintet in E-flat, Op.97)
 * "The True Sound of Healing" ( Produced by Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, 2008)

Other works

 * Recorded soundtrack for "Feet Unbound", a feature film retracing the Long March as undertaken by teenage girls, directed by Ng Khee Jin in 2006.
 * A short film on " Optical Identity" featuring T'ang Quartet was screened at the Adelaide Film Festival in Feb 2009

Awards

 * Special Jury Prize - Second Joseph Joachim International Chamber Music Competition (1999)
 * Bartok Prize - Prague-Vienna-Budapest sommer Akademic (2000)
 * Cultural Award - Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry (2000)
 * Singapore Youth Award in Arts and Culture (2002)
 * Artistic Excellence Award (Classical) - Composers and Authors Society of Singapore (2008)

title: T'ang Quartet


text: User talk:EnAna

title: User talk:EnAna


text:
User talk:Potplant

File:Dissect-medicine-screenshot.jpg missing description details
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Possibly unfree File:Dissect-medicine-screenshot.jpg
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title: User talk:Potplant


text:
Talk:Dub reggae

I agree with the comments on Talk:Dub music about the two pages being merged. I would propose that excess contents here are taken over there and this page is then changed to a redirect. John Eden 13:52, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

I totally agree with the proposed merging. --Twisturbed Tachyon 09:15, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

I support the proposed merge Htaccess 02:05, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Go for it
I agree with the proposed merging of Dub Music and Dub Reggae. It would make sense.

title: Talk:Dub reggae


text:
The Park

Literature and comics

 * The Park (play), a 1983 play by Botho Strauß
 * The Park, a comic strip in the British comic Buster

Films

 * The Park (2003 film) (Chow lok yuen), a 2003 horror film directed by Lau Wai Keung
 * The Park (2007 film), a 2007 Chinese film

Games

 * The Park (video game), a psychological horror experience game

Places and structures

 * Páirc Uí Chaoimh, Gaelic games stadium in Cork, Ireland
 * The Park at MOA, an amusement park at Mall of America (MOA), in Bloomington, Minnesota, United States
 * The Park (Woodlands), the centrepiece of the Woodlands model village in South Yorkshire, England
 * The Park Estate, a residential estate in Nottingham, England
 * The Park, Burley-on-the-Hill, a cricket venue in Rutland, England
 * The Park Hotels, an Indian hotel chain
 * Plymouth-Canton Educational Park, a high school campus in Michigan, United States
 * Skye (Charlotte), formerly The Park, a 22-story hotel/condominium tower in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States

title: The Park


text:
User talk:Devadigaarun

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

pamri 13:53, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

copyright issues
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Devadiga, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from web sites. For more information, take a look at our policy library. Happy editing! pamri 14:02, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Devadigaarun


text:
Epsilonretrovirus

Epsilonretrovirus is a waterborn genus of the Retroviridae family. It infects fish. The species include Walleye dermal sarcoma virus, and Walleye epidermal hyperplasia virus 1 and 2.

title: Epsilonretrovirus


text:
Talk:Kingston, Jamaica

Google satellite maps
I'd like to know if the linked google satellite maps have been modified in any way. I'm a student and my understanding is that Kingston isn't located where the maps say it is, so just wondering if they can do anything to those images. I suppose I should wonder why they'd want to do anything to them.
 * "Kingston", the old city of Kingston, is actually a part of the larger "Kingston and Saint Andrew". It's no longer a separate city in the old sense. Hoserjoe (talk) 17:36, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

Born in Kingston
I removed this section because it had only a single entry. Apart from the fact that "born in Kingston" isn't enough of a reason to be mentioned in an encyclopaedia (think about what a complete list would look like), having only a single name makes it look like he is the only prominent Kingstonian. I think that a longer list of "Prominent Kingstonians" would be appropriate, but a single listing is not balanced, and is thus not NPOV. Guettarda 15:11, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Community names
I assume that Cocksucker Gardens and Jew Land are made up... somebody should fix them to be appropreiate i would, but i don't know what the real names are.

Photos
I have added a pic of Devon House one of the tourist spots in Kingston -- Op. Deo 14:23, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

JAH RASTAFARI EVER LIVIN EVER FAITHFUL EVER SURE SELASSIE I   — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.100.165.112 (talk) 02:05, 14 May 2012 (UTC)

Grammar/usage
The article says: "Two parts comprise the central area of Kingston ..." A thing is not "comprised of" its parts; it "comprises" them. It one wants to use some form of the word "comprise," then it should read, "The central area of Kingston comprises two parts ..."

140.147.160.78 16:06, 28 August 2006 (UTC)Stephen Kosciesza
 * Fixed. Sometimes it's easier to fix these yourself than to write up the error.  --CliffC 03:10, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Please controll link to esperanto version. I think it's uncorrect because it's not same thing.

--Hgav 20:21, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

1862 fire
Was this a typo for 1882? I've added 1882 in, but I can't find confirmation of the 1862 one. Adam Cuerden talk 02:48, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

Named for?
University Challenge has just stated that Kingston was name for William III of England (William of Orange). Does anyone know if this is accurate, and if it is, I would suggest that it goes in. Ged UK 20:15, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

More pictures
can we have some other pictures of the city i have some but they are kinda big. i have one from sabina park. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.62.56.197 (talk) 02:56, 21 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Certainly - just tell us when they're uploaded 19:09, 11 January 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Hoserjoe (talk • contribs)

Changing cited info
I changed Kingston jamaica population for 2008 it has 840,000 people as November 2008. according to University of the West Indies and the mayor of Kingston I changed the city area to 200.8 sq mi and St Andrew and Kingston —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jamaica2009 (talk • contribs)

 * The problem is that the ortiginal info on population is dated and hss sources. This info should not be changed without providing new reliable sources to the specific site or publication with the new info. Thanks. - BillCJ (talk) 02:08, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with File:Commonwealth Games Federation Logo.png
The image File:Commonwealth Games Federation Logo.png is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

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 * Resolved - image was removed from Commonwealth Games Host Cities. Franamax (talk) 17:32, 3 January 2009 (UTC)

I fixed the info box, which had some unclosed braces...
causing the thing not to display (as a box). Nobody is taking care of Jamaica, huh? --64.174.68.114 (talk) 18:40, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

What about
what about the codes like kingston 8 kingston 19 etc.. and the communties within each

Merge_discussion
In its present form Kingston Harbour seems to serve little purpose and could conveniently be merged into Kingston,_Jamaica, keeping the original as a redirect. If there are no objections after a week or so I'll go ahead and do this. -Arb. (talk) 22:04, 23 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Mild oppose - I totally understand the technical reasons for merging the articles. However, Kingston Harbour is a significant geographical body, and is not a city/town/village (obviously). As such, keeping it as a stub is probably better than merging. It does need sources, and I do think there is room for expansion. - BilCat (talk) 01:25, 24 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Proposal withdrawn: BilCat's reasoning is sound.

Culture?
I looked up Kingston expecting a rich culture section. There isn't even one here. Apparently all the great reggae artists are from Kingston. There's Trenchtown. Why has no one written this?--Louiedog (talk) 14:38, 23 October 2009 (UTC)

Port Royal Fire
In the sentence  The town did not begin to grow until after the further destruction of Port Royal by the Nick Catania Pirate Fleet's fire in 1703. the pirate Nick Catania is mentioned. I am disputing this fact. I can't find any reference to the pirate Nick Catania in historical works on pirates. I believe this to be an elaborate practical joke. It has been copied extensively to other sites, which only perpetuates the hoax.

What is the source for this sentence?

Whhayes (talk) 18:01, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

Whhayes (talk) 18:05, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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Climate Data
There is no way Kingston was ever at 0C the issue seems to be caused by missing data in the source for 1 day which was being interpreted as 0, The lowest ever recorded was 13.4, However I do not have an accurate lowest temperature within the 21th century. Enigmar007 (talk) 22:54, 23 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Largest city, page rename
Since this is the capital and largest city of the country of Jamaica, the page should be moved to the Kingston page, with Kingston, Jamaica redirecting to it. As well, the current Kingston page should be moved to Kingston (disambiguation). 108.30.110.252 (talk) 22:09, 10 July 2018 (UTC)

 * You have to prove that Kingston, Jamaica is the Primary Topic for Kingston, and you haven't done that. There are a couple dozen other places named "Kingston", and though none of them are the largest cities or current capitals of their respective countries, some are well-known enough that you'll probably have a hard time proving that the Jamaican city is the primary topic. - BilCat (talk) 22:35, 10 July 2018 (UTC)

Jewish history in Jamaica
Does anyone know of an article that covers the small Jewish community of Jamaica? Or would this be the place for more information on this subject? I am interested after seeing that line in the article. WillieHowardCO67 (talk) 22:47, 1 August 2020 (UTC)

 * See History of the Jews in Jamaica BilCat (talk) 23:10, 1 August 2020 (UTC)

"Kingston (city)" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Kingston (city). The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 October 16 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. — Mikehawk10 (talk) 16:33, 16 October 2021 (UTC)

Kingston
Kingston 67.230.79.90 (talk) 20:54, 5 March 2023 (UTC)

Fuck
Fuck stop 67.230.79.90 (talk) 20:54, 5 March 2023 (UTC)

 * ⅞⅖and I am not going on that trip to 2600:1700:8670:7300:B616:1143:B44F:74CC (talk) 02:58, 25 December 2023 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 20:39, 2 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Flag of Kingston.gif

title: Talk:Kingston, Jamaica


text:
Percy Houfton

Percy Bond Houfton (1873–1926) was a late-19th century and early-20th century English architect.

Career
He started work for his older cousin, J. P Houfton at the Bolsover and Creswell Colliery Company. He was awarded a certificate in mine management in 1897 and was elected to the Institute of Mining Engineers.

After designing Creswell Model Village for the colliery company in 1895, he turned to architecture and opened his own practice in Chesterfield in 1898. Much of his work was for colliery companies and designing private houses. In 1905 he was awarded a prize of £100 for producing the best cottage at Letchworth Garden City. Between 1907 and 1909 Sir Arthur Markham of Brodsworth Colliery employed him to build Woodlands, a model village for employees at his colliery near Doncaster. Houfton applied garden village principles designing the houses in an Arts and Crafts style with large gables reminiscent of the style of Voysey.

He became a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1925.

He had obituaries in
 * The Builder 130:826 21 May 1926
 * RIBA Journal 33:495 26 June 1926

Personal life
He was born in 1873 in Alfreton, Derbyshire, the son of Elijah Houfton (1832-1908) and Elizabeth Bond (1842-1937). Elijah Houfton was surveyor for Alfreton Urban Council. Percy was educated at St Mary's House School in Chesterfield.

He married Elizabeth Robinson (1879 - 1964), eldest daughter of William Robinson of Chesterfield on 2 July 1902 at St Thomas' Church, Brampton, Chesterfield, Derbyshire. A daughter, Margaret Eileen Houfton was born in 1904.

He died on 16 May 1926 and left an estate valued at £8,566 18s 10d. .

Works

 * Cottage, 217 Iknield Way, Letchworth 1905 Grade II listed
 * Workmans' Institute, Public Hall and Girls' Club, Brook Street, Sutton-in-Ashfield 1906
 * Terry Holt Cottage, 100A The Park, Woodlands, Doncaster 1907-08 Grade II listed
 * Semi-detached houses, 5 and 6, The Park, Woodlands, Doncaster 1907-08 Grade II listed
 * Four houses, 7-10, The Park, Woodlands, Doncaster 1907-08 Grade II listed
 * Four houses, 2-8 Central Avenue, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Semi-detached houses, 27 and 29 Central Avenue, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Four houses, 31-37 Central Avenue, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Semi-detached houses, 15 and 17 Green Lane, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Four houses, 26-32 Green Lane, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Semi-detached houses, 27 and 29 Green Lane, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Semi-detached houses, 87 and 89, Great North Road, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Three houses, 1-7 Harold Avenue, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Semi-detached houses, 33 and 35 The Crescent, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Semi-detached houses, 45 and 47 The Crescent, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Three houses, 49-53 The Crescent, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Semi-detached houses, 64 and 66 The Crescent, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Semi-detached houses, 65 and 67 The Crescent, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Semi-detached houses, 73 and 675 The Crescent, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Semi-detached houses, 113 and 115 The Crescent, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Four houses, 129-135 The Crescent, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Three houses, 17-19 Quarry Lane, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Semi-detached houses, 23 and 25 West Avenue, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Woodside Cottages, 1 and 2, Woodlands, Doncaster 1908 Grade II listed
 * Sheffield and Hallamshire Bank, Gluman Gate/Market Place, Chesterfield 1911-13
 * Chesterfield Technical College, Infirmary Road, Chesterfield, Derbyshire 1924-27
 * Derbyshire Miners' Convalescent Home, Skegness 1928

title: Percy Houfton


text:
Konstantin Dejanović

Konstantin (Kostadin) Dejanović (Константин (Костадин) Дејановић; ) or Konstantin Dragaš was a Serbian magnate that ruled a large province in eastern Macedonia under Ottoman suzerainty, during the fall of the Serbian Empire. He succeeded his older brother Jovan Dragaš, who had been an Ottoman vassal since the Battle of Maritsa (1371) which had devastated part of the Serbian nobility. The brothers had their own government and minted coins according to the Nemanjić style. His daughter Jelena married Byzantine Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos in 1392. He fell at the Battle of Rovine (17 May 1395), serving the Ottomans against Wallachia, fighting alongside Serbian magnates Stefan Lazarević and Marko Mrnjavčević.

Konstantin's grandson, last Roman Emperor Constantine XI, was named after him, and even used the name Dragaš.

Early
Konstantin's father was the despot and sevastokrator Dejan, who had held the Kumanovo-region under the rule of Stefan Dušan (r. 1331–1355). Konstantin's mother Teodora Nemanjić was a half-sister of Dušan. His maternal grandparents were King Stefan Dečanski (r. 1321–1331) and Queen Maria Palaiologina.

Reign
In around 1365, Dejanović's older brother Jovan Dragaš was holding Štip and Strumica. Jovan was elevated to despot by Emperor Uroš V (before 1373), as Emperor Dušan had elevated Dejan, their father. Ottoman sources report that in 1373, the Ottoman army compelled "Saruyar" (Jovan Dragaš) in the upper Struma, to recognize Ottoman vassalship. Konstantin had helped Jovan in ruling the lands, and when Jovan died in 1378/1379, Konstantin succeeded, subsequently managing to govern large portions of northeastern Macedonia and the Struma valley. He minted coins, as had his brother done. The Dragaš family generously donated to several monasteries on Mount Athos, including Hilandar, Pantaleimon (Rossikon) and Vatopédi.

On 10 February 1392 Dejanović's daughter Jelena married Manuel II Palaiologos. The next day, they were crowned Emperor and Empress by the patriarch.

After the battle of Maritsa, they were forced to become vassals of the Ottoman Empire, but they maintained close links with their Christian neighbors, including the Byzantine Empire. In 1395, together with his neighbor and ally, the Serbian king of Prilep Marko, Konstantin Dragaš was killed fighting for their Ottoman overlord Sultan Bayezid I against Mircea cel Bătrân of Wallachia at Rovine, near Craiova. The Ottomans named Konstantin's capital Velbužd after him, Köstendil (now Bulgarian Kyustendil).

Family
Dejanović was married twice. The name of his first wife is unknown, but she is not identical with Thamar (Tamara), the daughter of the Emperor (tsar) Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria, who had married a certain despotēs Constantine. Konstantin married as his second wife Eudokia of Trebizond, daughter of Emperor Alexios III of Trebizond and Theodora Kantakouzene. By his first wife, Konstantin had at least four daughters and possibly a son:
 * Helena Dragases (Jelena Dragaš, nun Hypomone), who married the Byzantine Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos and died on 13 May 1450. Their many children included the last two Byzantine emperors, of whom Constantine XI added the name Dragaš (in Greek, Dragasēs) to his own. Constantine XI was named after his grandfather.
 * Three daughters who in 1372 married the Ottoman Sultan Murad I and his sons Bayezid and Yakub.
 * Jakov. He converted to Islam and was Lord of Velbužd.

Legacy
Dejanović is venerated in Serb epic poetry as Beg Kostadin (in poetry he was given a title of beg because he became an Ottoman vassal). Usually depicted as an overraly negative character, his characterisation primarily serves as a contrast to the persona of Marko Kraljević (the two are often portrayed as being blood brothers), with a purpose of emphasising the difference between the two seemingly identical natures of their respective relations with the Ottomans, since both were the latter's vassals. Their motives are, however, somewhat different. Whereas Marko is portrayed as accepting the Ottoman suzeranity for the sake and the well-being of his flock, Konstantin seeks a way to preserve his position and privileges with little to no regard to any form of higher moral code.

title: Konstantin Dejanović


text:
HM Prison Stafford

HM Prison Stafford is a Category C men's prison, located in Stafford, Staffordshire, England. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. In 2014 it became a sex offender-only jail.

History
His Majesty's Prison at Stafford was originally constructed and opened as the Staffordshire County Gaol ("New Staffordshire Gaol") in 1793 having been constructed under the Stafford Gaol Act 1787 (27 Geo. 3. c. 60).

It was substantially enlarged by a building development programme of works in the 19th century. HMP Stafford became a sex offender-only prison in 2014.

Early history
In 1812, forger William Booth was publicly executed outside the jail. A badly-tied rope allowed him to fall to the floor, unharmed. He was hanged a second time, fatally, later that day.

Among its early prisoners was George Smith, who served several sentences for theft in the facility and began his later work as a hangman while still a prisoner, assisting William Calcraft. He officiated at several executions in the prison later in his life, including that of the convicted poisoner William Palmer in 1866.

Prisoner of war facility 1916
HMP Stafford was used to incarcerate prisoners of war from the defeated Easter Rising in April 1916.

A number of the Republican prisoners later left accounts of their time in Stafford, "I forgot to mention that in Stafford prison, besides the two buildings I've mentioned there was another building, I forget its name, in which British conscientious objectors were placed. The term conscientious objector may not now be understood.

It was applied to those who for religious or other reasons had an objection to fighting or the taking of human life. Compulsory military service or conscription had been introduced into Great Britain, and when these people were called up they refused to come. They were then arrested, charged and sentenced. They were subjected to all sorts of cruelties and indignities."

- James Kavanagh

Closure
The facility was closed in late 1916 and mothballed for two decades, re-opening on the commencement of World War II in 1939.

Security concerns in the 1990s
In November 1998, an inspection report from His Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons heavily criticised security at HMP Stafford after it emerged that prisoners were smuggling in illegal drugs for consumption within the facility. Inmates were fashioning strips of paper into planes, then attaching lines to them and flying them over the 19 ft perimeter wall. The lines were then used to pull packages containing prohibited substances back over the wall. The facility was also criticised for being overcrowded, under-resourced, and failing to adequately prepare prisoners for release.

2003 reports
In March 2003, the Prison Reform Trust singled out Stafford Prison for concern over the high turnover rate in its governor's post. The trust noted that HMP Stafford had employed four different governors in only five years, and that such unstable leadership would not be tolerated in schools or hospitals. The trust also highlighted prison officers' absenteeism through sickness leave being an issue of concern.

In October 2003 a further report from the Chief Inspector praised improvements at Stafford Prison. HMP Stafford was labelled as becoming an effective training prison specialising in helping vulnerable prisoners and sex offenders. Considerable advance had also been made in reducing the supply of narcotics into the prison, and in addressing drug addiction treatment. However, the report also highlighted concerns over poor exercise facilities for prisoners, and whether foreign prisoners had enough access to specialised help.

Security enhancement works
In October 2003 a new entrance gateway system came into operation at Stafford to upgrade the facility's security.

The prison today
HM Prison Stafford is classed as a Category 'C' Prison facility for male adults. In April 2014 it became a sex-offenders-only prison. Accommodation at the prison consists mainly of double-occupancy cells, excepting G Wing which is single occupancy.

Notable former inmates

 * William Booth, forger.
 * George Smith, penal executioner.
 * William Palmer, physician and convicted murderer, executed and buried at HM Prison Stafford.
 * Michael Collins, Irish revolutionary prisoner of war, held in the facility in 1916.
 * Ashley Blake, television presenter
 * Rolf Harris (1930-2023), disgraced artist and televisual entertainer.

title: HM Prison Stafford


text:
Ned Yost

Edgar Frederick “Ned” Yost III (born August 19, 1954) is an American former Major League Baseball catcher and manager of the Milwaukee Brewers and Kansas City Royals. He played for the Brewers, Texas Rangers, and Montreal Expos.

Early life
Yost was born on California's North Coast in Eureka. Yost attended and played baseball at Dublin High School in Dublin, California. He had significant difficulty hitting prior to his junior and senior years, yet improved after building physical strength by working as a pot-scrubber at a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant. After high school, Yost attended Chabot Junior College in Hayward, California, where he walked on to Chabot's baseball team after receiving no offers to play for other schools.

Playing career
Yost was selected twice in the 1974 MLB Draft, first by the Montreal Expos in the second round (33rd overall) in January, but he signed his first professional contract with the New York Mets which picked him in the first round (7th overall) of the June secondary phase. He went to the Brewers in the Rule 5 draft on December 5, 1977.

Yost, as a player, was used primarily as a backup catcher for the Brewers from 1980 to 1983 (which included the 1982 World Series), and then spent a year with the Texas Rangers (1984; he played a career-high 80 games with the Rangers, hitting .182) and played 5 games for the Montreal Expos (1985) before retiring.

He never had more than 242 at bats in a season. He ended his career with a .212 batting average, and .237 on-base percentage, in 605 at bats. He had a .982 fielding percentage (the league average was .987).

Yost briefly had a second career as a taxidermist in Jackson, Mississippi, in between his playing days and coaching days.

Coaching career
After a brief stint managing in the minors, Yost joined the Atlanta Braves organization. He was the Braves' bullpen coach from 1991 to 1998 and earned a ring as a part of the 1995 World Series championship team that defeated the Cleveland Indians in six games. He also was part of the 1991, 1992, 1996, and 1999 National League pennant-winning teams that lost the World Series to the Minnesota Twins (1991), the Toronto Blue Jays (1992), and the New York Yankees (1996, 1999) respectively. In 1999 Yost became the Braves' third base coach, a position he maintained until the end of the 2002 season.

Milwaukee Brewers
On October 29, 2002, Yost was named the Brewers manager, succeeding Jerry Royster. National League manager Tony La Russa named Yost to be part of his coaching staff for the 2005 MLB All-Star Game.

Yost's tenure oversaw a revitalization of the Brewers franchise, leading them from losing records to championship contender. However, his teams were plagued by inconsistency, most notably squandering a large lead in the division during the 2007 season and a significant advantage in the wild card race in 2008. Yost finished seventh in voting for Manager of the Year in 2007. While he wore No. 5 on his jersey as a player with the Brewers, as a manager, he wore No. 3 on his jersey as a tribute to his close friend, deceased NASCAR racer and baseball fan Dale Earnhardt.

Yost's managing came under fire late in 2007. During the season, the Brewers held an $8 1/2$ game division lead over the Cubs by June 23 but failed to hold on to the advantage, finishing two games behind the Cubs. Yost's bullpen management, lineup strategies, and bench management were blamed. He also was thrown out of three games in the last week of the season. However, general manager Doug Melvin announced Yost's return for the 2008 season.

He was fired as manager on September 15, 2008, with twelve games remaining in the regular season. The Brewers were still in the playoff race, but had lost eleven of their last fourteen games. Yost finished his Brewers career with a 457–502 record. Third-base coach Dale Sveum was named his interim replacement and served until the end of the season, leading the Brewers to clinch the wild card spot on the last day of the season for their first trip to the postseason since 1982 when they made it to the World Series. They were eliminated by the Phillies, the eventual World Series champions, in the 2008 National League Division Series in four games.

Following the 2009 season, Yost was a candidate to be the next manager of the Houston Astros, however the position was filled by Brad Mills.

Kansas City Royals
On May 13, 2010, Yost was named manager of the Kansas City Royals, replacing Trey Hillman. Prior to the 2012 season, the Royals signed Yost to a contract extension through the 2013 season. In the 2013 season, Yost posted an 86–76 record with the Royals, their first winning season since 2003.

In 2014, Yost led the Royals to their first playoff berth since 1985, finishing 89–73. Yost's Royals swept the Baltimore Orioles in four games in the American League Championship Series to give the team its first American League pennant in 29 years. In doing so, the team became the first team in MLB history to win their first eight consecutive playoff games. The Royals were then defeated in seven games in the 2014 World Series by the San Francisco Giants. Yost finished third in the voting for 2014 Manager of the Year and signed a one-year contract extension in the offseason to stay with the club through 2016.

At the start of the 2015 season, Yost led the team to a 7–0 start marking the second best start to a season in team history after 2003 (which saw the Royals win their first nine games). In his fifth full season as manager, Yost became the longest-tenured manager in Royals history. He later also became the winningest manager in Royals club history after a 3–2 win over the Milwaukee Brewers on June 18, 2015. On the final day of the 2015 regular season, Yost's Royals clinched the best record in the American League at 95–67, giving Kansas City home field advantage throughout the playoffs, including the World Series by virtue of the AL's victory in the All-Star Game. The Royals defeated the Houston Astros, Toronto Blue Jays and ultimately the New York Mets to bring Kansas City its first World Series championship since 1985, and Yost his first title as a manager.

On August 18, 2015, MLB gave Yost a warning about using an Apple Watch he received from the MLB because of MLB's policy of no internet enabled devices in the dugout during gametime. Yost received the watch as a present from MLB for winning the 2014 AL pennant. Yost later told a local radio station that MLB had rescinded the warning after learning that the networking features of the Apple Watch were only available with an active iPhone connection.

Yost has often been criticized for his idiosyncratic decision-making and rejection of Sabermetrics, such as with the arrangement of his batting order and bullpen management, but he also has defended his methods as ones needed to give the team confidence in their ability; Yost was once quoted as saying "I’ve been known as a dope my whole life. And I took a team to the World Series that hadn’t been to the playoffs in 29 years. And now everyone knows them. And I’m still a big dope. But it doesn’t matter. What does it matter?’’

On February 18, 2016, the Royals announced that Yost had signed an extension with the team, keeping him as manager through the 2018 season.

On September 17, 2016, Yost earned the 1,000th victory of his managerial career, in the Royals' 3–2 victory over the Chicago White Sox. In 2016, he was successful on a higher percentage of replay challenges than any other MLB manager with ten or more challenges, at 67.6%.

In 2018 he was successful on a higher percentage of replay challenges than any other MLB manager with 10 or more challenges, at 75.6%.

On September 23, 2019, Yost announced that he would retire at the end of the 2019 season. He finished his Royals career with 746 wins and 839 losses, both being franchise records for a manager in Royals history.

Personal life
Yost and his wife, Deborah, have four children and live in rural Georgia during the off-season. One of his sons, Ned Yost IV, serves as a coach for the Nashville Sounds, Class AAA minor league affiliate of the Milwaukee Brewers. Prior to becoming a coach in 2009, the younger Yost played first base for the Class-A Brevard County Manatees in 2007, his third season in the minors, hitting .248 with a .283 slugging percentage.

On November 4, 2017, Yost was in a tree stand near his home in Georgia when he fell twenty feet. He sustained a broken pelvis, and his surgeon was concerned that Yost might die from blood loss. Yost later said he was certain he would have died if he did not have his cell phone at the time of the fall. He later appeared in a television commercial for Verizon, crediting its wireless service with saving his life.

Ned Yost was a close friend with NASCAR driver Dale Earnhardt, Sr. During the 1994 MLB Strike, Yost went to work with Earnhardt’s crew for the rest of the season as a “hydration specialist”. Earnhardt went on to win his record tying 7th NASCAR Championship that year and Yost was present when it happened. Yost credits Earnhardt on his abilities to win as a manager and after his death, Yost switched to number 3 as his number with the Brewers and Royals.

title: Ned Yost


text:
Brodsworth Colliery

Brodsworth Colliery was a coal mine north west of Doncaster and west of the Great North Road. in South Yorkshire, England. Two shafts were sunk between October 1905 and 1907 in a joint venture by the Hickleton Main Colliery Company and the Staveley Coal and Iron Company.

The colliery exploited the coal seams of the South Yorkshire Coalfield including the Barnsley seam which was reached at a depth of 595 yards and was up to 9 feet thick. After a third shaft was sunk in 1923, Brodsworth, the largest colliery in Yorkshire, had the highest output of a three-shaft colliery in Britain.

The colliery and five others were merged into Doncaster Amalgamated Collieries in 1937 and the National Coal Board in 1947. It closed in 1990.

The colliery was consistently amongst those that employed the most miners in Britain, employing around 2,800 workers throughout the 1980s.

The company built Woodlands, a model village for its workers. Since the colliery closed, its spoil tip has been restored and developed as a community woodland; owned by the Land Restoration Trust and controlled by the Forestry Commission. Some of the colliery site has been sufficiently remediated to allow houses to be built upon it.

title: Brodsworth Colliery


text:
Ben and Me

Ben and Me is an American animated two-reel short subject produced by Walt Disney Productions and released theatrically on November 10, 1953. It was adapted from the book of the same name written by author/illustrator Robert Lawson and first published in 1939. Though both book and film deal with the relationship between a mouse and American Founding Father Benjamin Franklin, the book, with illustrations by Lawson, focused more heavily on actual historical events and personages, and included incidents from Franklin's French career at Versailles.

The short received an Academy Award nomination for Best Short Subject, Two-reel.

This short was also notable for being the second release on the Buena Vista Distribution label, with the first being Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom, released on the same day. On its release, Ben and Me was packaged with the True-Life Adventure documentary The Living Desert. When Disney's regular distributor RKO Radio Pictures resisted the idea of a full-length True-Life Adventure, Disney formed his own distribution company to handle future Disney releases.

A D-TV music video was created in which the short was set to Stevie Wonder's For Once in My Life.

Plot
At a statue of Benjamin Franklin, a tour group leader is discussing to a group of children Franklin's great impact in American history. At the same time on the Franklin statue's head, the leader of a tour group of young mice reveals the contributions of a mouse named Amos (also immortalized as a statue on Franklin's hat) to Franklin's career, reading from Amos' diary, titled Ben and Me. After describing the exploits of some of his ancestors, which includes one sailing on the Mayflower to come to America, Amos tells his own story.

The eldest of 26 siblings living in the Christ Church, Philadelphia, Amos sets out on his own in 1745 to find work and help his large family. Having no such luck, he takes shelter in Ben's shop from the bitter cold and snow and befriends the beleaguered printer, who is grave danger of having his press and all he owns repossessed by bill collectors. Amos invents bifocals for Ben from his two broken pairs of glasses, and inspires him to create the Franklin stove. Amos also helps Ben turn his dry publication, Poor Richard's Almanack, into a successful newspaper, the Pennsylvania Gazette; Amos acts as journalist to gather good stories and helps Ben operate the printing press. As the years pass, Amos helps Ben advance socially and build his reputation.

Unfortunately, Ben makes Amos an unwitting test subject in his experiments with electricity, culminating in him sending the mouse into the air as part of his kite experiment. Amos is nearly killed when the kite is struck by lightning and crashes to the ground. Furious, he leaves Ben and moves back in with his family.

Years later, the early stages of the American Revolution take place. Ben travels to England to try to reason with the king and persuade an end to the taxes, but this proves a failure. When Amos sees Ben returning in despondence, one part of him has pity and wants to help, while the other part still unforgiving. In 1776, Ben finds Amos' hole at the church and begs him for his help. Amos agrees on the condition that Ben sign a contract agreeing to his terms. As Ben is reading the contract, Thomas Jefferson comes by, struggling with writing the introduction to the United States Declaration of Independence. The language in Amos' contract inspires Jefferson, and it becomes the Declaration's introduction. Amos accompanies Ben to the signing of the Declaration. The short ends with both tour groups stating how both man and mouse were truly great figures in American history.

Voice cast

 * Sterling Holloway as Amos Mouse
 * Charlie Ruggles as Benjamin Franklin
 * Stan Freberg as mouse guide
 * Bill Thompson as Governor Keith, and as the human tour guide
 * Hans Conried as Thomas Jefferson, and as a criminal
 * Jimmy MacDonald as miscellaneous men

Home media
The short was released on December 6, 2005, on Walt Disney Treasures: Disney Rarities - Celebrated Shorts: 1920s–1960s.

Additional releases include:
 * On VHS under the Walt Disney Mini-Classics label in 1989.
 * On DVD in 2012 under the Disney Generations Collection.

title: Ben and Me


text:
Focus Ireland

Focus Ireland is a nonprofit organisation based in Dublin, Ireland that provides services for people who are homeless and people at risk of homelessness in Ireland. It was founded by Sister Stanislaus Kennedy in 1985, and is one of the largest housing and homelessness organisations in Ireland. It provides services in Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Kilkenny, Sligo, Kildare, Carlow, Tipperary, Wexford and Waterford.

The charity's stated mission is "to advance the right of people-out-of-home to live in a place they call home through quality services, research, and advocacy". In 2017 it spent €26.3 million to that end. Focus Ireland receives approximately half of its budget each year through state funding and raises the other 50% through donations from the public, events and corporate support.

According to its 2018 annual report, Focus Ireland helped over 15,000 people in 2018 who were homeless or at risk of losing their home. According to the same report, the charity's housing association arm had provided over 1,100 homes to individuals and families in Ireland.

As of May 2020, there were nearly 10,000 people homeless, including over 3,000 children, and Focus Ireland called for a review of the supports offered by the state. The charity also called for an urgent increase in the provision of social and affordable rental housing, and for the state to move away from its reliance on providing housing in the private rented market.

Focus Ireland's work includes lobbying for changes in public policy and provision for those experiencing homelessness. As of the 21st century, Focus Ireland has started to focus on preventing homelessness and on a 'Housing Led' approach by providing a secure home first.

Under Focus Ireland's 2017 - 2020 Strategy Plan, the organisation's stated aims focus on preventing homelessness and supporting people who are homeless to move into secure accommodation.

title: Focus Ireland


text:
User talk:Gronau~enwiki

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title: User talk:Gronau~enwiki


text:
Robot Carnival

Robot Carnival (ロボットカーニバル) is a Japanese anthology original video animation (OVA) and anime film released in 1987.

The film consists of nine shorts by different well-known directors, many of whom started out as animators with little to no directing experience. Each has a distinctive animation style and story, ranging from comedic to dramatic storylines. The music was composed by Joe Hisaishi and Isaku Fujita and arranged by Joe Hisaishi, Isaku Fujita, and Masahisa Takeichi.

"Opening" / "Ending"
The "Opening" (オープニング) takes place in a desert. A boy finds a small "coming soon" poster advertising the Robot Carnival, and becomes frightened and agitated. He warns the people in his village, most likely to escape, when a huge machine with many robots performing in niches on its exterior grinds its way right over the village. Once a magnificent traveling showcase, it is now heavily rusted, damaged by decades of weathering in the desert, while its many machines wreak havoc as the village is destroyed beneath its might.

In the "Ending" (エンディング) segment (the ninth segment of the OVA), the Robot Carnival is stopped by a dune in the desert. Unable to climb it, the Carnival stalls at its base. As the sun sets over the traveling relic, flashback stills recall the grandeur of the Carnival at the peak of its existence – an unparalleled engine of mirth that brought timeless joy to the various cities it visited. At sunrise, the gigantic machine charges forward with a burst of power, and surmounts the dune. The final push proves to be too much for the aged contraption, and it finally goes to pieces in the desert. The bulk of the OVA's credits are then shown concluding with an epilogue.

In the epilogue at the end of the credits, set several years later, a man discovers an orb among the remains and brings it back to his family. It is a music box, featuring one of the carnival's robot ballerinas. As it dances, the children applaud. The ballerina finishes its dance with a leap into the air; the explosion that follows destroys the shack where the family lived, leaving "END" in enormous letters lying in its place. The family's pet llama, seemingly the only survivor, struggles to regain its footing.

 * Staff
 * Director / Scenario / Storyboards: Katsuhiro Otomo, Atsuko Fukushima
 * Backgrounds: Nizo Yamamoto
 * Sound Effects: Kazutoshi Satō

"Franken's Gears"
"Franken's Gears" (フランケンの歯車) was directed by Kōji Morimoto. A mad scientist tries to give life to his robot with lightning, just like Victor Frankenstein did. During a vicious thunderstorm, the robot is successfully brought to life, and mimics his creator's every movement. Overjoyed, the scientist dances with glee, trips, and falls. Seeing this, the robot dances, trips, and falls on the scientist, killing him.

 * Staff
 * Director / Scenario / Character Designer: Koji Morimoto
 * Backgrounds: Yūji Ikehata
 * Sound Effects: Kazutoshi Satō

"Deprive"
In "Deprive", an alien invasion of robot foot soldiers attacks a city and kidnaps people, including a young girl. Her companion, an android, is damaged, but retains her locket. A human with superhuman abilities is then seen; he goes through waves of robots before being stopped by two powerful robots. Captured by the alien leader, he is tortured, but it is also revealed to be the android from earlier, now upgraded into a combat android with a human disguise. Defeating the two powerful robots and the alien leader, he rescues the girl. Running through the wasteland carrying her, the girl eventually wakes up and recognizes his new form because of the locket he still has.

 * Staff
 * Director / Scenario / Character Designer: Hidetoshi Ōmori
 * Backgrounds: Kenji Matsumoto
 * Sound Effects: Jun'ichi Sasaki

"Presence"
"Presence" (プレゼンス), one of only two segments featuring intelligible dialogue, tells the story of a man who has an obsession with an automata he has been secretly constructing in an attempt to compensate for the lack of any close relationship with his wife and family. The setting seems to be British and of the early twentieth century, but also suggests another planet or a future which has attempted to re-establish a former social structure. When the automata takes on a personality of her own, far beyond what the man had programmed, he smashes her in a fit of panic, and leaves his secret laboratory for what he believes is the last time. Many years later, the man has a vision of his automata appearing before him, but then blowing up before he can take her hand. He returns to his shed to find the automata still sitting smashed in a corner, just as she had been left years earlier. Many more years elapse, and the automata appears again before the man. This time, he takes her hand and walks into the distance with her, before vanishing in front of his shocked wife.

Little of the dialogue is actually spoken on-screen; all but a few lines are given in voice-over, or with the speaker's mouth obscured.

 * Staff
 * Director / Scenario / Character Designer: Yasuomi Umetsu
 * Animation Production Assistance: Shinsuke Terasawa, Hideki Nimura
 * Backgrounds: Hikaru Yamakawa
 * Sound Effects: Kenji Mori

 * Main cast

"Star Light Angel"
"Star Light Angel" is a bishōjo story featuring two friends – teenage girls – at a robot-themed amusement park. One of the girls finds that her boyfriend is now going out with her friend. Running away in tears, she finds her way to a virtual reality ride. Though pleasant at first, her memory causes the ride to summon a giant laser-breathing mecha. One of the park's robots, actually a human park employee in costume, finds himself in the role of knight in shining armor, allowing her to let go of her darker emotions, and to move forward in her life. The mood of this segment was heavily influenced by the music video for A-ha's "Take On Me."

Note: some cameos of Akira movie characters appear in the background characters

 * Staff
 * Director / Scenario / Character Designer: Hiroyuki Kitazume
 * Backgrounds: Yui Shimazaki
 * Sound Effects: Kenji Mori

"Cloud"
"Cloud" features a robot walking through time, and the evolution of man. The backdrop is animated with clouds that depict various events of the universe, such as the modernization of man as well as the self-destruction of man. Eventually, the same angel who cries for his immortality makes him human towards the end. The animation is done in a scratchboard or rough etching style.

 * Staff
 * Director / Scenario / Character Designer / Backgrounds / Key Animation: Manabu Ōhashi (as "Mao Lamdo")
 * Animation: Hatsune Ōhashi, Shiho Ōhashi
 * Sound Effects: Swara Pro
 * Music: Isaku Fujita

"Strange Tales of Meiji Machine Culture: Westerner's Invasion"
"Strange Tales of Meiji Machine Culture: Westerner's Invasion" (明治からくり文明奇譚〜紅毛人襲来之巻〜) is set in the nineteenth century and features two wooden "giant robots", directed from within by a human crew. In the style of a movie serial of the sound era, a Westerner in his giant robot attempts to take over Japan, but is challenged by locals operating a "machine made for the parade" – a Japanese giant robot. The style of this segment is somewhat reminiscent of a Japanese World War II-era propaganda film. Despite the title of this segment, there is no known prequel or sequel. The Westerner speaks English in the original release.

 * Staff
 * Director / Scenario: Hiroyuki Kitakubo
 * Character Designer: Yoshiyuki Sadamoto
 * Mechanical Designer: Mahiro Maeda
 * Animation Assistance: Kazuaki Mōri, Yuji Moriyama, Kumiko Kawana
 * Backgrounds: Hiroshi Sasaki
 * Sound Effects: Jun'ichi Sasaki

 * Cast

"Chicken Man and Red Neck"
"Chicken Man and Red Neck" (ニワトリ男と赤い首) is set in the city of Tokyo, overrun by its machines, which have been turned into robots of all shapes and sizes by a robotic magician, the titular Red Neck. They all come alive for a night of revelry, with only a single, drunken human (Chicken Man) awake to witness it. When the sun rises, the robots disappear, and everything is turned back to normal, but Chicken Man awakens to find that the now-restored machines are embedded high up in a set of skyscrapers, while the citizens of Tokyo go about their lives far below.

 * Staff
 * Director / Scenario / Character Designer: Takashi Nakamura
 * Backgrounds: Hiroshige Sawai
 * Sound Effects: Junichi Sasaki

Release
The OVA was released in Japan on VHS and LaserDisc on July 21, 1987, through JVC. In the United States, Streamline Pictures producers Carl Macek and Jerry Beck, the latter an animation historian, licensed the OVA and gave it a theatrical premiere in Portland, Oregon on January 25, 1991, with a home video release later in December.

A limited-edition Region 2 DVD of Robot Carnival was released in Japan through Beam Entertainment in November 2000. A Region 1 DVD of Robot Carnival was released in the United States by Discotek Media in 2015 and a Blu-ray was released in 2018 and a Ultra HD Blu-ray in 2021.

Streamline Pictures English dub
The script for the English-dubbed version of "A Tale of Two Robots" is slightly different from the original Japanese version and even adds a few lines that are not present in the original version. In addition, a passing reference to Japan's 1854 opening to foreign trade is removed and the foreign antagonist's English dialogue is re-recorded.

Some versions of the English-dub of the release by Streamline Pictures shuffled the order of the segments and modified the "Ending" segment by removing the still images of the "Robot Carnival," placing the two animated segments next to each other, and placing all of the credits at the very end of the OVA. The still images of the "Robot Carnival" were most likely removed due to Streamline's practice of removing all onscreen kanji from their anime releases in order to "Americanize" them. Carl Macek stated with certainty that the reason for the "shuffling of segments" was due to considerations regarding the theatrical exploitation of the OVA.

The various segments were received separately and then subsequently assembled to fill out 2000 ft reels. In order to keep the actual distribution of the theatrical release in a manageable state, the segments were arranged to minimize reel changes – otherwise, it would have required additional reels (and therefore, additional reel changes) to keep the product in its original order and would have added to the cost of the distribution. The decision was mutually agreed upon between Streamline and APPP regarding the credit sequence and the use of still images – the original production company did not have the proper neutral closing credits required for international distribution available; therefore, it was mutually decided to create this new closing.

title: Robot Carnival


text:
Cobra and Phases Group Play Voltage in the Milky Night

Cobra and Phases Group Play Voltage in the Milky Night is the sixth studio album by English-French rock band Stereolab. It was released on 21 September 1999 and was issued by Duophonic Records and Elektra Records. The album was largely co-produced by Stereolab, John McEntire, and Jim O'Rourke.

Recording
Stereolab produced Cobra and Phases Group Play Voltage in the Milky Night with John McEntire, who had co-produced the band's previous two studio albums Emperor Tomato Ketchup (1996) and Dots and Loops (1997), and Jim O'Rourke. Assisted by McEntire and O'Rourke, Stereolab recorded the bulk of Cobra and Phases Group between November 1998 and February 1999, at Wolf Studios in London. As band members Tim Gane and Lætitia Sadier were occupied with raising their infant son at the time, Stereolab opted to record in London instead of Chicago, where McEntire and O'Rourke were typically based. The only material on the album that does not date to these sessions is one section of the song "Italian Shoes Continuum"; this section was produced by Stereolab and Fulton Dingley and recorded in February 1998 at Blackwing Studios in London.

Release
Cobra and Phases Group was released on 21 September 1999 in the United States by Elektra Records, and on 27 September 1999 in the United Kingdom by Duophonic Records. The track "The Free Design" was previously released on 6 September 1999; it was issued as a single (on 7" vinyl) and as an EP (on CD and 12" vinyl).

A remastered and expanded edition of Cobra and Phases Group was released by Duophonic and Warp on 13 September 2019. Coinciding with the re-release, "Come and Play in the Milky Night" was issued as a digital single on 5 September 2019.

Critical reception and legacy
Cobra and Phases Group was released to middling reviews from music critics. Pitchfork's Brent DiCrescenzo wrote that Stereolab's "socialist cocktail jazz schtick" had become predictable and "soulless", and that despite the album's eclectic nature, "it all sounds exactly the same." NME writer Johnny Cigarettes stated that the music was reminiscent of "bad jazz and progressive rock" and scathingly accused Stereolab of "borrowing credibility by indulgently showing off their stylistic dexterity, thinking that odd time signatures and weird sounds are clever in their own right, [and] being deliberately obscure and unlistenable". James Hunter of Rolling Stone dismissed the first five songs as uneventful and felt that only from "Infinity Girl" onward does the album capture the band's "fashionable post-rock charm". Barry Walters of Spin found the more drone-oriented songs tepid but noted that "the melodic bits are dreamier than ever", concluding that the album would benefit from "ruthless home-listener editing".

Among more positive appraisals, Alternative Press remarked that "few bands make sweetly psychedelic pop as enduring as [Stereolab] do." USA Today critic Edna Gundersen said that although "ponderous drones such as 'Blue Milk' border on grating, the aggressively unorthodox band lapses into coherent melodies as effortlessly as Burt Bacharach." Elisabeth Vincentelli of Entertainment Weekly wrote that the album "takes time to work its charm, but it's well worth the effort."

In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Tim Sendra stated that while "difficult at times, Cobra is Stereolab at their near best", effectively balancing the band's experimental and pop sensibilities. Reviewing the album in 2019 for Uncut, Louis Pattison commented that in hindsight, "its charms are more evident". The same year, Tim Gane cited Cobra and Phases Group and its follow-up Sound-Dust (2001) as his favourite Stereolab albums in an interview with The Guardian: "I like things that are sprawling and not identified really easily, not easy to digest but there's a lot of possibilities in them."

Personnel
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.

Stereolab
 * Stereolab – vocals, guitar, organ, electronics, drums, percussion, bass, electric harpsichord, clavinet, Wurlitzer piano, tack piano
 * Tim Gane
 * Lætitia Sadier
 * Mary Hansen
 * Morgane Lhote
 * Andy Ramsay

Additional musicians

 * Mark Bassey – brass
 * Colin Crawley – brass
 * Sophie Harris – strings
 * William Hawkes – strings
 * Kev Hopper – saw on "Puncture in the Radax Permutation" and "Caleidoscopic Gaze"
 * Simon Johns – bass
 * Rob Mazurek – cornet on "Fuses", "People Do It All the Time", "Infinity Girl", "Op Hop Detonation", and "Strobo Acceleration"
 * John McEntire – vibraphone, keyboards, drums
 * Dominic Murcott – vibraphone and marimba on "The Spiracles", "Puncture in the Radax Permutation", "Caleidoscopic Gaze", and "The Emergency Kisses"
 * Jacqueline Norrie – strings
 * Sean O'Hagan – organ, electric harpsichord, clavinet, bass, acoustic guitar, tack piano, brass arrangements
 * Jim O'Rourke – bass, guitar, keyboards, percussion, string arrangements
 * Andy Robinson – brass
 * Steve Waterman – brass
 * Brian G. Wright – strings

Production

 * Fulton Dingley – production, mixing, and recording on "Italian Shoes Continuum"
 * John McEntire – production, mixing, recording
 * Jim O'Rourke – production, mixing, recording
 * Steve Rooke – mastering
 * Stereolab (credited as "The Groop") – production

Design
 * House – design


text:
Turkey trot (dance)

The turkey trot was a dance made popular in the early 1900s. The Turkey Trot was done to fast ragtime music popular in the decade from 1900 to 1910 such as Scott Joplin's Maple Leaf Rag. Driven largely by youth counterculture of the time, the turkey trot fad quickly fell out of favor as the foxtrot, a much more conservative dance step based on the waltz, rose to popularity in 1914.

The basic step consisted of four hopping steps sideways with the feet well apart, first on one leg, then the other with a characteristic rise on the ball of the foot, followed by a drop upon the heel. The dance was embellished with scissor-like flicks of the feet and fast trotting actions with abrupt stops.

It has been said that dancers John Jarrott and Louise Gruenning introduced this dance as well as the Grizzly Bear at Ray Jones Café in Chicago, IL. around 1909. Another theory states that it originated on the Barbary Coast, San Francisco, California. Joseph M. Daly wrote music for the dance in 1912. Irene and Vernon Castle raised its popularity by dancing the Turkey Trot in the Broadway show The Sunshine Girl.

It achieved popularity chiefly as a result of its being denounced by the Vatican. It was thought that the positions assumed by the dancers were offensively suggestive. Conservative members of society felt the dance promoted immorality and tried to get it banned at public functions, which only served to increase its popularity.

There were news reports of dancers being fined because "their Turkey Trots were interpreted by the courts as disorderly conduct." In another instance, fifteen working girls were fired from their jobs with the Philadelphia song publisher Curtis Publishing when they were caught doing the turkey trot, although it was during their lunch break.

One of the means to combat "offensive" dances was the 1913 song, Anti-Ragtime Girl by composer-lyricist Elsie Janis: …She don’t do the Bunny Hug, nor dance the Grizzly Bear / She hasn't learned the Turkey Trot / …She can't tell a Tango from a Can Can or a Jig / …She's my little Anti-Ragtime Girl….

In popular culture
The song "Let's Turkey Trot" by "Little Eva" Boyd and the Cookies (sometimes misattributed to Carole King) reached number 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 in February 1963, fifty years after the dance step's heyday.

title: Turkey trot (dance)


text:
Template talk:Reggae

I have removed "Psychedelic Reggae" from this list because
a) I'm not convinced there is such a thing b) There is no reference to it in the Rough Guide To Reggae (Barrow & Dalton) which is probably the standard text. c) There is currently no page for it.

If anyone knows different, then feel free to write it up! John Eden 14:00, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

-- Would Easyside Allstars - Dub Side Of The Moon qualify??

Pipe Organ
Including pipe organ in this template seems a bit off to me. Would Hammond organ not be more suitable as surely it is more common in reggae than a church organ. Keresaspa (talk) 18:39, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

Adding New Zealand reggae to related topics list
Added New Zealand reggae to this template as I feel New Zealand reggae bands have contributed significantly to the genres popularity in Australia and the entire pacific. Any qualms? — Preceding unsigned comment added by ThurstenEgorGreene (talk • contribs) 13:45, 20 April 2013 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Reggae


text: User:Gronau~enwiki

title: User:Gronau~enwiki


text:
Alpharetrovirus

Alpharetrovirus is a genus of the family Retroviridae. It has type C morphology. Members can cause sarcomas, other tumors, and anaemia of wild and domestic birds and also affect rats.

Species include the Rous sarcoma virus, avian leukosis virus, and avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV ). Not all animals that can infect develop cancer. The tumor caused by the virus is usually in the form of lymphoma and leukemia. It occurs after a long and latent process. The tumor cells formed consist of a single progenitor cell and are clonal. However, infection from retroviruses does not directly produce tumors, but only placement and recombination events leading to tumor cell formation.

title: Alpharetrovirus


text:
John I. Thornycroft & Company

John I. Thornycroft & Company Limited, usually known simply as Thornycroft, was a British shipbuilding firm founded by John Isaac Thornycroft in Chiswick in 1866. It moved to Woolston, Southampton, in 1908, merging in 1966 with Vosper & Company to form one organisation called Vosper Thornycroft. From 2002 to 2010 the company acquired several international and US-based defence and services companies, and changed name to the VT Group. In 2008 VT's UK shipbuilding and support operations were merged with those of BAE Systems to create BVT Surface Fleet. In 2010 remaining parts of the company were absorbed by Babcock International who retained the UK and international operations, but sold the US based operations to the American Jordan Company, who took the name VT Group.

History
John Isaac Thornycroft had shown shipbuilding ability when, aged 16, he began building a small steam launch in 1859. The vessel was named Nautilus and in 1862 it proved to be the first steam launch with enough speed to follow the contenders in the University race. The ensuing publicity prompted his father, the sculptor Thomas Thornycroft, to purchase a strip of land along the Thames at Chiswick in 1864, and that became the start of John I. Thornycroft & Co.

The yard at Chiswick
In its first ten years the yard had a very modest production, mostly building steam launches and steam yachts. The breakthrough came in 1873, when the firm built the small steel torpedo craft HNOMS Rap (1873) for the Navy of Norway, followed by similar boats for other navies, and by HMS Lightning (1877) for the Royal Navy in 1877. Torpedoes and torpedo boats were seen as weapons of the future and throughout the 1870s and 1880s the Thornycroft yard became a major supplier to a number of navies. As Banbury put it:

"No high-pressure salesmanship was needed to sell torpedo-boats in the nineteenth century; on the contrary, the customers queued up."

The original boats had locomotive-type boilers but, like its competitors, the company developed a water-tube boiler, patented in 1885 and providing more speed. The size of the vessels grew steadily, exceeding 100 tons with Ariete, delivered to Spain in 1887 and 200 tons in the Daring-class torpedo-boat destroyers of the Royal Navy. The largest vessel built at Chiswick was the Alarm-class torpedo gunboat Speedy of 810 tons. During the 1890s it became increasingly difficult for the new vessels to pass under the Hammersmith Bridge – masts and funnels had to be lowered or removed, and put back in place again further down the Thames, and if something went wrong during trials and the boat had to return to the yard, then the whole process had to be reversed. In 1904 the former Oswald Mordaunt yard at Woolston was acquired from Mordey, Carney & Co, and production of larger ships gradually moved there. At its peak, the yard at Chiswick employed 1,700 men. The production of destroyers at the yard caught the imagination of the writer H. G. Wells, who let George Ponderevo, main character of the book Tono-Bungay, become a destroyer designer in the last chapter, describing a test run of the destroyer X 2 under the Hammersmith Bridge and out into the open sea. The Church Wharf, Chiswick yard finally closed in August 1909.

In the years at Chiswick, John Thornycroft increasingly concentrated on the design and development part of the enterprise, while his brother-in-law since 1872, John Donaldson (1841-1899), managed the commercial side. When Donaldson died in 1899, a group of industrialists headed by William Beardmore bought into the company, and they provided much of the financing when it was transformed into the public company John I. Thornycroft and Co. Ltd in 1901, with Beardmore as chairman. William Beardmore's interest in the company proved rather short-lived and he resigned as chairman in 1907. The management team of the new company consisted of John Thornycroft's son, John Edward Thornycroft as manager, and John Donaldson's son, Thornycroft Donaldson (ca. 1883–1955) as technical director.

The yard at Woolston
The first ship built by Thornycrofts for the Royal Navy at the Woolston Yard was the Tribal-class destroyer HMS Tartar (1907). Up to the start of World War I, the yard built 37 destroyers for the Royal Navy and several more for other navies. During the war, the yard made 26 destroyers, 3 submarines and a large number of smaller craft for the Royal Navy. Notable among the smaller craft were the Coastal Motor Boats (built at Hampton – see below), based on a design by John Thornycroft (the elder) who continued working with hull designs at his home on the Isle of Wight until his death in 1928, taking out his last patent in 1924. His daughter, naval architect Blanche Thornycroft worked alongside him (and after his death) testing models, calculating and recording results.

The construction of smaller boats did not move to Woolston, but to a new yard (Hampton Launch Works) on Platt's Eyot in the Thames at Hampton. The construction on Platt's Eyot included yachts and – during the two world wars – a large number of small vessels for the Royal Navy. The yachts included Enola (1928), Estrellita (1934) (now called Rake's Retreat), Aberdonia (1935), and Moonyeen (1937). The pre-war motor yacht Prunella may also have been built at Hampton. These four have survived and are now recorded on National Historic Ships' National Register.

In the inter-war years there was still some construction for the Royal Navy at Woolston, but the yard also built civilian ships, like the ferry SS Robert Coryndon for Uganda in 1930. She apparently still survives, but as a half-submerged wreck on the shore of Lake Albert. When World War II broke out, production was stepped up again, and the yard built corvettes and destroyers. Production was delayed by several bombings, probably influenced by the yard's proximity to the Spitfire-building Supermarine factory, also situated in Woolston. That factory was bombed extensively in the beginning of the war, and Thornycroft's yard received its fair share of the bombs. Among the more notable ships built by the yard in the war years were the two Hunt-class destroyer destroyer escorts, HMS Bissenden and HMS Brecon (L76), (Type IV) with better stability than their sisters. The largest naval vessel built at Woolston during the war years was the fast minelayer HMS Latona (M76) of 2,650 tons, with turbines capable of 72000 shp and a speed of 40 kn.

The first seaworthy Assault Landing Craft (ALC), later renamed LCA, Landing Craft Assault, ordered built for the British Navy were by Thornycroft. The first prototype ALC No 1 was built by J. Samuel White of Cowes to a design by Fleming Jenkin, but it was not very successful. Thornycroft's design was much closer to what the navy wanted, with its low silhouette, silenced engines and shallow draught. Designated ALC No 2, it was 41 ft long overall and driven by two Ford V8 engines of 65 bhp each. The design was slightly modified by the Admiralty and some 1,929 were built during World War II. In 1944 sixty were being built each month. The LCA was reasonably seaworthy, so long as waves were less than 5 ft high. In heavy seas the situation could become critical and a number of LCAs converted to support craft disappeared in the choppy seas of D-Day, 6 June 1944. In 1944 267 were lost (out of 371 losses during the whole war).

In 1955, the company built Scillonian, a passenger ferry built for the Isles of Scilly Steamship Company.

In July 1960 John Ward Thornycroft, John Edward Thornycroft's son, replaced his father as chairman of the company.

In 1962, John I. Thornycroft and Sons was building wooden yachts in Singapore.

In 1966, Thornycrofts merged with Vosper & Company, part of the David Brown Group, to form one organisation called, by 1970, Vosper Thornycroft. The merger made sense, because Thornycroft had yard space but few orders, while Vosper had the orders but lacked space. The combined company built new facilities at Woolston and production continued there until 2004. However, by 2003, the company had outgrown even those facilities, and it was decided to move production to a new yard at Portchester, Hampshire.

Later, Vosper Thornycroft changed its business name to VT Group and, in 2010, was absorbed by Babcock International, which integrated the UK portion of VT Group into its own business. In 2012, Babcock sold the US-based operation, and the VT Group name, to the Jordan Company. Shipbuilding successor of Thornycroft continues as BAE Systems Surface Ships in Portsmouth.

Royal Navy classes built by Thornycroft

 * D-class destroyer (1913)
 * Coastal Motor Boats
 * Thornycroft type leader
 * Thornycroft M-class destroyer
 * Type IV Hunt-class destroyer
 * Landing Craft Assault
 * HMS Duchess – Daring class destroyer 1952
 * HMS Palawan and Panglima – 75' patrol boats built in 1937 for RNVR in Singapore at the Tanjong Rhu Shipyard (1926-1986)

Extant ships

 * LV 78 Calshot Spit (1914), at Solent Sky museum, Southampton

title: John I. Thornycroft & Company


text:
Foil (fluid mechanics)

A foil is a solid object with a shape such that when placed in a moving fluid at a suitable angle of attack the lift (force generated perpendicular to the fluid flow) is substantially larger than the drag (force generated parallel to the fluid flow). If the fluid is a gas, the foil is called an airfoil or aerofoil, and if the fluid is water the foil is called a hydrofoil.

Physics of foils

A foil generates lift primarily because of its shape and angle of attack. When oriented at a suitable angle, the foil deflects the oncoming fluid, resulting in a force on the foil in the direction opposite to the deflection. This force can be resolved into two components: lift and drag. This "turning" of the fluid in the vicinity of the foil creates curved streamlines which results in lower pressure on one side and higher pressure on the other. This pressure difference is accompanied by a velocity difference, via Bernoulli's principle, so for foils generating lift the resulting flowfield about the foil has a higher average velocity on one surface than on the other.

A more detailed description of the flowfield is given by the simplified Navier–Stokes equations, applicable when the fluid is incompressible. And since the effects of the compressibility of air at low speeds is negligible, these simplified equations can be used for airfoils as long as the airflow is substantially less than the speed of sound (up to about Mach 0.3). For hydrofoils at high speeds, of the order of 50 kn according to Faltinsen, cavitation and ventilation – with air penetrating along the strut from the water surface to the foil – may occur. Both effects may have a substantial influence on the foil's lift.

Basic design considerations
The simplest type of foil is a flat plate. When set at an angle (the angle of attack) to the flow the plate will deflect the fluid passing over and under it, and this deflection will result in a lift force on the plate. However, while it does generate lift, it also generates a large amount of drag.

Since even a flat plate can generate lift, a significant factor in foil design is the minimization of drag. An example of this is the rudder of a boat or aircraft. When designing a rudder a key design factor is the minimization of drag in its neutral position, which is balanced with the need to produce sufficient lift with which to turn the craft at a reasonable rate.

Other types of foils, both natural and man-made, seen both in air and water, have features that delay or control the onset of lift-induced drag, flow separation, and stall (see Bird flight, Fin, Airfoil, Placoid scale, Tubercle, Vortex generator, Canard (close-coupled), Blown flap, Leading edge slot, Leading edge slats), as well as Wingtip vortices (see Winglet).

Lifted ability in air and water
The weight a foil can lift is proportional to its lift coefficient, the density of the fluid, the foil area and its speed squared. The following shows the lifting ability of a flat plate with span 10 metres and area 10 square metres moving at a speed of 10 m/s at different altitudes and water depths. It uses the lift at an altitude of 11 km as a datum to show how the lift increases with decreasing altitude (increasing air density). It also shows the influence of ground effect and then the effect of increase in density going from air to water.

height 11 km:       lift  1.0 (datum for comparison) 5 m                3.4 in ground effect         4.1 water surface-planing    1,280 just submerged           1,420 depth 5 m                2,840 10 km               2,860

title: Foil (fluid mechanics)


text:
Talk:Danube–Oder Canal

Untitled
Initial translation 15 July 2005. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Grubber (talk • contribs) 14:02, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Danube–Oder Canal


text:
Talk:Neal Fredericks

Untitled
Perhaps instead of 'landed', it should say 'crashed'? Landing implies it set down intentionally, which isn't my understanding of the situation. --Syrthiss 14:02, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Neal Fredericks


text:
Coire

Coire may refer to:

Geography

 * Cirque, a terrain feature created by glaciation in high mountains
 * Chur, a town in Switzerland

title: Coire


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Dirk Bikkembergs

Dirk Bikkembergs (born 2 January 1959) is a Belgian fashion designer.

Early life
Dirk Bikkembergs was born in Cologne, Germany, as his father was in the Belgian Army. He lived most of his years in Diepenbeek, Limburg, Belgium. In 1982, Bikkembergs graduated from the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp, Belgium.

Designer career
In 1996, the Bikkembergs label was introduced to focus on football dress. He was the first fashion designer ever who received permission to hold a fashion show in a football stadium.

Dirk started using the team as his laboratory for styling and fabric technology. From exclusive jackets to high-performance underwear, all his designs are now tested and promoted by football players. The Dirk Bikkembergs Group's sponsorship of the team, now re-christened F.C. Bikkembergs Fossombrone, involved not only investment to bring in fresh talent, but also a revamp of their image.

title: Dirk Bikkembergs


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Rhode Island Route 110

Route 110 is a numbered state highway running 6.1 mi wholly within the town of South Kingstown in Rhode Island. It serves to connect the University of Rhode Island to points south via U.S. Route 1 (US 1).

Route description
Route 110 begins at US 1 near the village of Perryville in South Kingstown. The route heads north for 7 mi following Ministerial Road through the wetlands of the Great Swamp. Along the way it intersects with the William C. O'Neill Bike Path. Soon after crossing some railroad tracks, Route 110 ends at an intersection with Route 138 in the village of West Kingston.

History
Route 110 was assigned to Ministerial Road by 1969.

title: Rhode Island Route 110