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CUC International

CUC (Comp-U-Card) International Inc. was a membership-based consumer services conglomerate with travel, shopping, auto, dining, home improvement and financial services offered to more than 60 million customers worldwide based in Stamford, Connecticut, US, and founded in 1973 by Kirk Shelton and Walter Forbes. In 1998, it became involved in a Securities and Exchange Commission investigation into what, at the time, was the biggest accounting scandal in corporate history.

History
Their main product, a shopping service, originally a membership telephone-based drop-ship service called Comp-U-Card begun in 1973, was made available online to users of The Source in the mid-1980s, and later CompuServe after its purchase of The Source. It later offered its Shoppers Advantage service on America Online, Prodigy, GEnie and Delphi as well. It was perhaps the first company conducting electronic commerce, although its web based service first went online in 1995.

CUC's main line of operations was its mail-order clubs such as Shopper’s Advantage, AutoVantage, Traveler’s Advantage and its Comp-U-Card program, and it had been trying to find a way to streamline its clubs and sell retail through a kind of interactive television. In an age before the internet and sites such as Amazon.com, this idea was innovative.

CUC went through various company presidents and lost a lot of money during the 1970s. By 1979, it was losing more than $2 million a year. By 1983, Forbes and his company had found investors such as Reader's Digest and Eckerd Drugs but had lost nearly $14 million. After licensing their "interactive shopping" idea in Europe, the Morgan Stanley group took CUC public in the United States in 1983 and raised $20 million.

During the 1980s and early 1990s, CUC continued to grow and acquire other companies. It made strategic deals with other entertainment, communication, retail and investment companies such as America Online and AT&T. and grew to have over 30 million customers via its mail order clubs. CUC did not make any large acquisitions until 1995. Before that time, all acquisitions were relatively small and strategic.

In February 1996, seeking to expand its operations into the field of interactive entertainment, CUC approached the software companies Sierra On-Line Inc. and Davidson & Associates Inc. It bought Sierra for $1.06 billion and Davidson for $1.14 billion, both in stock. These acquisitions allowed CUC, as a larger outlet, to streamline its distribution network. In addition, product placements and advertisements in these software companies' products allowed CUC to find new customers in demographics it had not previously reached.

In December 1997, CUC merged with HFS Incorporated. A competition was held internally at CUC, primarily among its senior marketing staff but open to all employees, to come up with a new corporate name. The winner was to receive dinner "anywhere in the world". No employee submission was selected to win, as the name of the company had already been decided. The new company was named Cendant. After the merger, Cendant retained its core business as a direct marketer and thereafter also specialized in hotel franchises, car rentals, travel agencies and its consumer software operations, Cendant Software. The merger of these two companies, which between them owned "a virtual monopoly in the worldwide market for full-service timeshare exchange services" according to the Federal Trade Commission, caused the FTC to require "the parties to divest one of their timeshare exchange companies to re-establish a viable competitor in the market".

Cendant Software, composed of Sierra, Davidson & Associates (including Blizzard Entertainment), Knowledge Adventure and Gryphon Software, was sold in 1998 to the French publisher Havas, which then merged with Vivendi, which then merged with Activision.

After the accounting scandal, the original Comp-U-Card division was bought out by some remaining executives and reorganized into a company called Trilegiant. It was later renamed Affinion Group and is still located in Stamford, Connecticut.

On October 23, 2005, Cendant Corporation announced its decision to split into four separate companies: Realogy, Travelport, Wyndham Worldwide and Avis Budget Group."

Accounting scandal
On April 16, 1998, less than one year after the new brand was introduced, Cendant disclosed that for three years prior to the merger, CUC had fraudulently overstated its income by over US$500 million. This caused Cendant stock to plummet from $39 to $20 in a single day, eventually reaching $9, and costing shareholders about US$14 billion. Cendant/CUC was eventually required to pay more than US$2.85 billion in class action settlements to shareholders.

The Securities and Exchange Commission brought civil charges against CUC's president Kirk Shelton and CEO and chairman Walter Forbes, for the "long-running financial fraud" which, it alleged, started in 1995. The SEC stated that CUC inflated its books in order to inflate its stock price, which allowed it to use its stock to buy other companies, and in turn these mergers and acquisitions were executed in order to generate financial reserves and purchase reserves that were intended to be "big enough to bury the fraud".

Shelton was convicted in January 2005 of 12 counts of fraud and related charges and sentenced to 10 years in prison. Shelton and Forbes were tried together. Although Shelton was convicted of all 12 charges brought, the jury was unable to reach a verdict for Forbes on any charge. A hung jury also deadlocked Forbes' second trial and a third trial was set for September 2006. Retried and convicted, he was sentenced to 12 years on January 17, 2007. The former CUC chief financial officer Cosmo Corigliano, former comptroller Anne Pember and former accountant Casper Sabatino all pleaded guilty in June 2000 to several fraud and related charges.

In addition to their prison terms, Shelton and Forbes were each ordered to pay Cendant US$3.275 billion in restitution. Cendant is unlikely to ever receive the full amount, as according to the payment schedule of US$2,000 per month ordered by the judge, it would take over 134,000 years to pay.

Investigators found that over US$500 million in non-existent company income had been reported during 1996 and 1997. Membership sales revenue had been overreported and membership cancellations information held back, allowing for the company's earnings to be manipulated at will. With too much debt and too little real income, however, the real resources of the company were dwindling, despite the considerable flotation of the stock numbers. As the imaginary books and the real company finances diverged more and more, the requirements of appearances became greater. Even the cooked books were insufficient to cover all of the company's losses, at which time it turned to mergers with, and acquisition of, new companies. Purchased companies' assets could be similarly inflated, and the increase either boost operating income or write off losses. The misreporting of assets by CUC from 1995 to 1997 is similar to that performed during the Enron scandal and other more recent frauds.

title: CUC International


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Category:Ukrainian swimmers

Swimmers from Ukraine.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Ukrainian swimmers


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Category talk:Mental health

older message from 2005
I believe that this category has the potential for development. However, at the moment, it contains only a few articles. It is worth noting that articles in this category need to be about mental health not mental illness. Articles about specific mental health problems are listed in Category:Mental illness diagnosis by DSM and ICD and category:Abnormal psychology.

I would be grateful if some articles can be put into this category to populate it, or any other thoughts on the matter --Vincej 14:39, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Mood Disorders is a seperate catigory, it might contain some related articles. Vertitas Liberum 22:15, 6 Dec 2005 (GMT)

Mental Health Organizations
I believe there should be a subcategory for Mental Health Organizations to include NIMH, NAMI, etc. -George100 07:15, 26 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree --Vince 22:15, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

Parent categories
I have reverted the previous edit because it is appropriate that psychology and psychiatry are subcategories of mental health as mental health is broader concept that encompasses the two. I also think that mental health is a health speciality. You are welcome to debate this but please do so here before making any further changes. Thanks. --Vince 19:26, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

Categories
I have added this category back as a subcategory of category:positive mental attitude. Mental health is a personal entity and so should be part of positive mental attitude as a sub-category of self-care. Please refer to the category tree from the main page.

I have removed from public health and put it in the parent category of category:health specialties. This seems uncontentious to me as it is a major division within health.

Please contribute to discussion if you disagree. --Vince (talk) 09:28, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Mental health


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Ignace Tiegerman

Ignacy Tiegerman (24 February 1893 – 31 May 1968 ), usually seen as Ignace, but also Ignaz, was a Polish pianist and teacher.

He was an exceptional interpreter of the Romantic school (Field, Chopin, Brahms, et al.). He studied with Theodor Leschetizky but his lessons with Leschetizky's assistant Ignaz Friedman were more significant. Tiegerman considered Friedman his mentor, and Friedman deemed him "the greatest talent I ever worked with."

His recordings are highly regarded, despite their not being of studio sound quality in most cases. He was said to be the only rival Vladimir Horowitz ever feared. For health reasons, he spent most of his life teaching in Cairo.

His finest pupil was Henri Barda, and he also taught Edward Said, Mario Feninger, Nicolas Constantinidis, and Prince Hassan Aziz Hassan. Hassan called him "a wonder of human realization" and Said later recalled many wonderful late-night conversations with him

title: Ignace Tiegerman


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User:Yharrington

The carrot is a root vegetable that belongs to the Parsley family. They can be orange, reddish yellow or sometimes white in color, with a woody texture. On top of carrots are leaves with long stems. The part of the carrot that is edible is called a taproot.

The Taproot is a straight narrow root that grows straight down. It has a center that other roots can grow from. Other plants that are taproots are very difficult to transport. Taproot is hard to uproot, because the long taproot stays in the ground, and regrows.

Carrots orginally came from Afghanistan. Some carrots which are called a wild flower or wild carrot was better known as "Queen Anne's Lace" which is a relative to the garden carrot. If garden carrots seeds develop to soon they will revert back to their wild protype, and will have a carroty smell, and will become woody and bitter to eat. The carrot is a edible root, that is also a relative to the Parsnip. Parsnip reseblems a carrot except that it's paler in color and has a stronger flavor.

There are two varieties of plant species that carrots have, Eastern and Western. Eastern carrots derived from Central Asia, in the early days of the 10th century in Afghanistan. In Afghanistan, carrots are the center for diversity. There are different varieties of Eastern carrots that are still around today they are purple or yellow in color, and have branched roots. The purple colored carrot came from Anthocyanin pigment.

The Western carrots derived from the Netherlands back in the 15th and 16th century. They are orange in color which was popular in those countries, and are a symbol of the " House of Orange" and also represents the struggle for Dutch Independence. High levels of Beta Carotene is whaat gives Western carrots their color. Although orange carrots are present in the West, there are also other colors that Western carrots come in, white, yellow, red, and purple. These colored carrots are raised primarily as novelty crops. Western carrots are classified by their root shapes:
 * Imperator- are sold mostly in your U.S. grocery store. They are long and narrow and have a point at the tip.
 * Nantes- Are cylindrical in shape., and have a dull edge and are curved at both the top and bottom. They are sweeter than other carrots.
 * Danvers- They have a cone shaped, and well defined shoulders, that are narrow to a point at the tip. Danvers carrots are finely grinded as baby food.
 * Chantenay- Are shorter than most carrots, but have a greater circumference. They grow up to 3 inches in diameter. They also have broad shoulders, they are narrow towards a blunt curved tip. Chantenay are mostly diced and canned.

Humans or animals can eat carrots whole, raw or shaved and can be put in salads. People use carrots in soups and stews. Carrots are also used to make carrot cake and carrot pudding. The leaves and stems are also edible and can be used to spinkle on meat to improve the flavor, but most people don't eat them. Carrots are the main vegetable used in various broths, more so than onions and celery. In the 1980's, carrot growers made mini carrots or baby carrots which they chopped and peeled into 2 inch cylinders, which today are a healthy snack food. Carrots are a source of Vitamin A and are rich in fiber, minerals, antioxidants, and they are a alkaline food. Carrots also contain Vitamin B1, and small amounts of Vitamin B2 and Vitamin C. Carrots are sweet and rich in sugar and contain iron to make you strong.

Carrots can survive winter weather that is not to cold, and can tolerate the hot summer heat. Carrots that are grown in the winter time come from California and Texas. In the Northern part of the U.S., growers can raise a crop of carrots in a 100 days. Growers also grow a crop in the fall.

Carrots develop from tiny little seeds. About 24,000 carrot seeds weigh about an ounce. Many growers plant seeds in rows of about 1 to 2 ft apart. Carrot seeds grow best in rich soil that contain sand or muck.

Carrots like most vegetable plants are attacked by several insects. Leafhoppers, carrot rustflies, caterpillars, plant lice and nematodes. Growers use a chemical called, Parathlon.

Carrots have been around for many centuries, from Afghanistan to many other regions of the world. Carrots are one of the most popular vegetables in the world, whether they be Eastern,Western, from the grocery store or one's you've grown in your own back yard. Carrots are also a healthy source of food for humans and animals. There color orange is unique and stands out above all the other vegetables.

title: User:Yharrington


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Noel Hogan

Noel Anthony Hogan (born 25 December 1971) is an Irish musician and record producer best known as the lead guitarist and co-songwriter of the Irish alternative rock band the Cranberries.

The Cranberries
Hogan formed the Cranberries with his brother Mike and drummer Fergal Lawler in 1989. The group recruited Dolores O'Riordan as lead singer soon after forming. The band went on to sell in excess of 40 million records worldwide. In total, Hogan has released eight albums with the Cranberries.

The Cranberries went on a six-year hiatus from 2003 to 2009. However, after O'Riordan's death on 15 January 2018, Hogan confirmed the group’s disbandment, which occurred after the release of the posthumous album In the End in 2019, saying: "The Cranberries without Dolores just isn't The Cranberries...we won't replace our friend and lead singer".

Solo work
With the Cranberries on hiatus from 2003 to 2009, Hogan turned to focus on his own music. He began working with programmer Matt Vaughan, who had already done work on unreleased Cranberries songs and Dolores O'Riordan's solo material. Mono Band was born with Hogan as the sole band member. With vocals being supplied by Richard Walters, Alexandra Hamnede, Kate Havnevik, and other guest artists, Hogan worked with Cranberries' veteran producer Stephen Street to compile a mix of 12 tracks. Working on his side project at the same time, saw their resulting debut album, Mono Band, released on 20 May 2005. Hogan and Mono Band vocalist Richard Walters went on to form Arkitekt. Arkitekt released two EPs at that time in 2009, working on new material.

Hogan's work independent of the Cranberries has been released on his own label, Gohan Records and is published through Fairwood Music (UK) Ltd for the world.

Hogan has also been producing bands on the local music scene of Limerick. Gohan Records has recently released, in collaboration with Limerick Live 95FM's Green and Live show, "Tonelist", a collection featuring musicians in the Limerick music scene.

In 2022, Noel debuted The Puro, a new duo alongside Brazilian singer Mell Peck.

Musical equipment
Hogan's musical equipment that he has used with the Cranberries over the years includes:

Guitars

 * Gibson Les Paul Custom
 * PRS Guitars Artist 22
 * Fender Jaguar
 * Fender Telecaster
 * Fender Stratocaster
 * Gibson Jumbo Acoustic guitar
 * Taylor Jumbo Acoustic guitar
 * Gibson ES-335

Amplifiers

 * Vox AC30
 * Fender Twin Reverb
 * Marshall 30th Anniversary 3-channel head
 * Marshall 4x12 speaker cabinets
 * Diezel VH4 amp head
 * Mesa Boogie Mark II

Effects

 * Roland RE-301 Chorus Echo unit
 * Ibanez Tube Screamer Overdrive pedal
 * Pro Co RAT Distortion pedal
 * Electro-Harmonix Big Muff Fuzz pedal
 * Zvex Fuzz factory pedal
 * Dunlop Manufacturing Tremolo pedal
 * DigiTech Whammy pedal
 * Electro-Harmonix Mirco-Synth pedal
 * Watkins Copicat Delay pedal
 * Line 6 Echo Park delay pedal

title: Noel Hogan


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Anthopleura

Anthopleura is a genus of sea anemones, of the family Actiniidae.

Etymology
Anthopleura is Greek; anthōs, flowers and pleura, ribs.

Species
According to the World Register of Marine Species, this genus includes:

title: Anthopleura


text: Template:Campaignbox War of 1812: Niagara frontier


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The Progressive Blues Experiment

The Progressive Blues Experiment is the unauthorized debut album by American blues rock musician Johnny Winter. He recorded it in August 1968 at the Vulcan Gas Company, an Austin music club, with his original trio of Tommy Shannon on bass guitar and John "Red" Turner on drums. The album features a mix of Winter originals and older blues songs, including the standards "Rollin' and Tumblin'", "Help Me", and "Forty-Four".

Local Austin, Texas-based Sonobeat Records issued the album with a plain white cover in late 1968. After Winter signed to Columbia Records, the rights were sold to Imperial Records, who reissued it in March 1969. The Imperial edition, with a new cover, reached number 40 on the Billboard 200 album chart. In 1973, United Artists reissued it with another new cover under the name Austin Texas. In 2005, Capitol issued a 24-bit remastered edition of the album on compact disc.

"Bill Josey, who owned Sonobeat Records, had recorded a live show at the Vulcan Gas Company in Austin so Johnny would have a demo to shop for a major label. However, Josey released that performance as Progressive Blues Experiment on his own label. But before the ink had dried on Johnny’s Columbia contract, Josey sold the LP to United Artists. This album is still one of Johnny’s best-selling and most highly acclaimed releases, but the artist never saw a penny. 'Bill Josey had the tapes and he got the money,' Johnny says. 'Even now when they sell that CD, I don’t get any money.'”

Track listing
Songwriters and track running times are taken from the original Sonobeat LP. Other releases may have different listings.

Personnel

 * Johnny Winter – vocals, electric guitar, National steel guitar, mandolin, harmonica
 * Tommy Shannon – bass guitar
 * John "Red" Turner – drums

title: The Progressive Blues Experiment


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User talk:Aratcliffe

Welcome,, to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful.

By the way, an important tip: To sign comments on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~~~~. This will automagically add your name and the time after your comments.

To basically understand the principles and rules governing Wikipedia, you should take a look the Five Pillars that underlie all rules here.

Finally, here are some jobs that you can work on in your spare time:

Hope to see you around the Wiki! And if you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! Bratsche talk 5 pillars 14:42, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aratcliffe


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Because of You (Kelly Clarkson song)

"Because of You" is a song recorded by American pop singer Kelly Clarkson for her second studio album, Breakaway (2004). It was written by Clarkson along with its producers David Hodges and Ben Moody, both from Evanescence. It was released on August 16, 2005, by RCA Records, as the third single from Breakaway. Clarkson originally wrote "Because of You" when she was 16 years old to cope with the emotional distress caused by her parents' divorce. She wanted the song to be included on her debut studio album, Thankful (2003), but her record label rejected the song. She then polished the song with Hodges and Moody before successfully convincing her label to include it on Breakaway.

Lyrically, "Because of You" explores the pain of Clarkson's deteriorating relationship with her father. The song begins with a piano-led melody and as it launches into the chorus, the sound of a roaring guitar becomes apparent. "Because of You" received positive reviews from music critics, who complimented its expressive lyrics, creative arrangement, and Clarkson's vocal prowess. It peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 and sold over 2 million digital downloads in the United States. It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). "Because of You" became Clarkson's biggest success in Europe, topping the European Hot 100 Singles chart. It also reached number one in Brazil, the Netherlands, Denmark and Switzerland, as well as the top ten in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.

The song's accompanying music video was directed by Vadim Perelman. Clarkson wrote the treatment for the video herself in order to reflect the pain that she felt due to her parents' divorce. The video's plot centers on Clarkson engaging in a heated argument with her husband in front of her child before realizing that she was repeating her parents' mistake. It won in the category for Best Female Video at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards. "Because of You" was performed live at numerous venues, including the My December Tour (2007) as well as the All I Ever Wanted Tour (2009). It was covered by several artists including Ronan Parke, who was a runner-up in the fifth series of Britain's Got Talent, and added to the international soundtrack of Brazilian soap opera Belíssima. In 2007, the song was recorded by Reba McEntire as a duet with Clarkson, which was released as a lead single for McEntire's twenty-fourth studio album Reba: Duets. This version reached number 36 on the Canadian Hot 100. "Piece by Piece", the title track from Clarkson's seventh studio album, serves as the canonical sequel to "Because of You".

Background and writing
"Because of You" was written by Clarkson alongside its producer, David Hodges and Ben Moody. They also wrote and produced another track, titled "Addicted", that appeared in Clarkson's album Breakaway (2004). Clarkson originally wrote "Because of You" when she was 16 years old as a means of coping with the emotional distress caused by the divorce of her parents. She wrote the lyrics of the song in less than 25 minutes.

In an interview with The Guardian, Clarkson said that she wanted to include the song in her first album, Thankful (2003), but she was laughed at. Then she took the initiative to polish the song by sending a tape to Moody and Hodges, with whom she later worked, and received co-writing credit of the song. Clarkson explained, "Hearing the Evanescence album, you can obviously tell that David and Ben have a real passion for music and that big kind of background. And I have a big voice and I like the music to match it, so it was a real dream team."

According to Moody, he was very impressed with Clarkson and the song itself, saying "She had these ideas already in place for songs; all I really had to do was build music around them and develop them. It was quite easy." Clarkson also admitted that "Because of You" is the most depressing song she has ever written. Despite the revelation, she told Entertainment Weekly in August 2011 that she wanted to be remembered for the song because she had to work hard to get it on Breakaway (2004) when everyone was against it. She added, "I think I’m most proud of that song – just getting it on an album because no one liked it until it hit no. 1 worldwide and everybody was on board."

Composition
"Because of You" is a piano-driven pop ballad with a length of three minutes and 39 seconds. Sheet music for the song shows the key of F minor, then modulating a whole step to G minor in common time at a moderate tempo of 69 beats per minute, with Clarkson's vocal range spanning over two octaves from A♭3 to F5. Tony Heywood of MusicOMH noted that the song's piano arrangement is reminiscent of Tori Amos. Lyrically, "Because of You" is a fiery ode to Clarkson's absentee father, and begins with Clarkson singing "oohs" over a somber piano which creates a "wintry tone." As the song launches into the chorus, the roaring guitar is evident, and the lyrics, "Because of you I never stray too far from the sidewalk / Because of you I learned to play on the safe side so I don't get hurt," were deemed as "touching" by Dave Donelly of Sputnikmusic.

Critical reception
"Because of You" received universal critical acclaim. Film Laureate of Blogcritics considered "Because of You" and "Where Is Your Heart" as his two favorite songs from Breakaway, writing "[Clarkson] commands these two songs like a seasoned pro and directs herself in her songs the way Steven Spielberg said Barbra Streisand directs herself in her songs as if she's directing an actor in a movie." Dave Donnelly of Sputnikmusic compared the song to Evanescence's "My Immortal" (2003). He added that Clarkson managed to take the piano-driven song in a different direction with a "stormy, hard blues vocal... avoiding the typical raised-key final chorus cliché along the way". Christa L. Titus of Billboard lauded the song for its absence of schmaltz factor, "only a potent, pained, grown-up anthem of gross betrayal and loss." She concluded her review, writing "it is time for Clarkson to return to No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100; she has certainly become the most consistent hope for top 40 staple status."

Critics also lauded Clarkson's vocal prowess in the song. Pam Avoledo of Blogcritics thought that vocally, the song is Clarkson's "shining" moment. Tony Heywood of MusicOMH noted that in the song, Clarkson's voice is "full of vulnerability, ache and wounded pride." On May 15, 2007, the song was listed as one of the recipients of BMI Pop Awards. At the 24th ASCAP Pop Music Awards, the song was honoured with the Most Performed Songs award. In July 2008, BBC News reported that according to Performing Right Society, "Because of You" was the second most played song in the United Kingdom over the last five years, following Daniel Powter's "Bad Day" (2005). On March 5, 2013, Billboard ranked the song at number seven in its list of Top 100 American Idol Hits of All Time. Additionally, it also appeared at number five of Clarkson's Top 15 Biggest Billboard Hot 100 hits through the week ending April 29, 2017.

Commercial performance
"Because of You" entered the Billboard Hot 100 at number 99 on the week ending September 3, 2005. On November 19, 2005, the song peaked at number seven and became her sixth single to reach the top-ten. It also topped the Pop Songs chart on the week ending October 29, 2005. It became the seventh best selling single of the 2000s decade on the Pop Songs chart compiled by Billboard. On January 31, 2008, "Because of You" was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). As of September 2017, the song has sold 2,079,000 digital copies in the United States. The single also appeared and peaked on the UK Singles Chart at number seven on the week ending December 4, 2005. As of April 2016, the song sold over 430,000 copies in the United Kingdom.

In Australia, the song debuted and peaked at number four on the issue dated December 5, 2005. It was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for shipments over 35,000 units. The song became the 58th best-selling single in Australia in 2006. In New Zealand, "Because of You" debuted on New Zealand Singles Chart at number 37 on the week ending December 5, 2005, and peaked at number 19 two weeks later. On the week ending March 20, 2006, "Because of You" debuted at number eight on the German Singles Chart. Three weeks later, it peaked at number four and stayed in the position for three consecutive weeks. The song was certified gold by The Federal Association of Music Industry for shipments over 150,000 copies. In Europe, "Because of You" received a commercial success. The song topped the charts in the Netherlands and Switzerland, and reached the top five in Austria, Belgium (Flanders), Ireland and Norway.

Development
The accompanying music video for "Because of You" was directed by Vadim Perelman and was produced by Rhonda Vernet. Clarkson wrote the treatment for the video herself in order to reflect the pain that she felt due to her parents' divorce. Nevertheless, Clarkson also allowed Perelman to take control of the production of the video. According to Perelman, he wanted to create a disconnection to show "that this kind of dysfunctional family can exist anywhere." In an interview with MTV News, Clarkson confessed that the video is sad, rationalizing, "It's a sad song, so the video obviously has to follow that. But it ends really happy and everything and the family, my family, ends up breaking the cycle of my parents." Since the music video deals specifically with her parents' divorce, Clarkson had to seek for her parents' permission. She explained,

"It's very close to home [for me]. I OK'd it with my family and everything because they think it's important, because we're obviously very different now than we were when we were younger. And it's important for people to see that raw kind of emotion that happens in life. It sucks sometimes, so it's important to see that I think. And that's what we're portraying in the video."

In the video, the younger version of Clarkson is played by Kennedy Nöel, the daughter of her musical director, Jason Halbert. The video premiered on October 3, 2005, on Total Request Live.

Synopsis
The video starts at the Clarksons' household. There, she and her husband are engaged in a heated argument and he threatens to smash down a picture of the family at one point. Time freezes still and her husband becomes immobile; Clarkson, however, is immune to this. Looking around her house, she sees her younger self. Hand in hand, the younger and older versions of Clarkson relive her troubled childhood as various painful memories are seen, such as the younger Clarkson making a picture for her father who tosses it into the sink while talking on the phone, and Clarkson's mother making an unappreciated dinner for her father as she puts the father's dinner into the bin on a stormy evening. These events drive her mother to the point of taking pills before closing the door in the younger Clarkson's face, so that she doesn't see her starting to cry. The breaking point is finally seen when Clarkson's parents have a physical fight and throw objects at each other. Soon after, Clarkson's father packs his bags and leaves despite the younger Clarkson's pleas for him to stay. The older Clarkson runs back in time to the present, and instead of fighting with her husband, they make up. They then see that their daughter in the video had seen them fight, and they embrace her and each other. Throughout the music video, Clarkson is shown singing on the front porch, her mother's bed and a room full of mirrors, reflecting an image of her younger self.

Reception and accolades
Elizabeth Black of VH1 ranked the music video at number four in her list of "Five Emotive Music Video Performances." She reasoned, "Kelly Clarkson practically sobs her way through this hurt and angry expression of the pain that the narrator's father has caused her through his absence and lack of love." The same opinion was echoed by Johnni Macke of E! who felt that watching the music video was heartbreaking. She explained, "It really paints a picture of the heartbreak that comes from your family fighting in front of you. Clarkson gets real as she sings the sad lyrics and witnesses the sadness that comes when someone breaks your family into pieces." The music video won the category of Best Female Video at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards. This marks the second time Clarkson has won the same category two years in a row; her first win in the category was at the 2005 MTV Video Music Awards for the music video of "Since U Been Gone." The music video was also nominated in the category of Viewer's Choice Award, but lost to Fall Out Boy's "Dance, Dance" (2005). At the 2006 MuchMusic Video Awards, the music video won the category of People's Choice: Favourite International Artist. The video was also nominated at the 2006 MTV Australia Video Music Awards in the category of Best Pop Video, but lost to Ashlee Simpson's "Boyfriend" (2005). According to Jocelyn Vena of MTV, the video for "Because of You" was referenced in Taylor Swift's music video for "Mine" (2010), writing "When Swift's character remembers the fights her parents used to have, her memories mirror Clarkson's attempts to exorcise the demons of her past to find love in her future."

Live performances
Clarkson performed "Because of You" at the 48th Grammy Awards which took place on February 8, 2006, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. Donning a red dress and singing from beside a grand piano, her performance in that event garnered positive reviews from critics. Elysa Gardner of USA Today lauded Clarkson's performance and ranked it as one of the three best performances, writing, "The pre-performance clip of a girlish-looking Clarkson emphasized how little Kelly has matured. The girl most likely to escape the American Idol stigma was in fine, creamy voice, and kept the Mariah-esque riffing to a minimum." Robert Lloyd of the Los Angeles Times considered Clarkson's performance as one of the highlights in the event and described her performance as a "thin-skinned rendition [...] in which her whole being seemed involved." Yahoo! Music praised Clarkson's rendition of the song, calling it "perfectly fine" despite the saying that it was "a little reminiscent of those many mediocre, superficial ballads trotted out on 'Idol.'" In 2016, the performance was listed by Billboard as one of Clarkson's ten "most powerful and undeniable performances." Jason Scott of Billboard commented, "Here, Clarkson serves up her signature power ballad backed by lush orchestration, sending chills through the crowd shortly before picking up two statues: best pop vocal album for Breakaway and best female pop vocal performance for "Since U Been Gone."

On August 21, 2007, Clarkson performed "Because of You" and "Never Again" (2007) on the fifth season of Canadian Idol. "Because of You" was performed at the My December Tour (2007). Clarkson's performance of the song was accompanied only by Wurlitzer organ that earned her a prolonged ovation when she sent her voice soaring into the rafters. While touring at Beacon Theatre, New York City, Clarkson performed the song using only one keyboard, which was deemed by Donna Freydkin of USA Today as the most memorable moment of the event. She also performed the song using only a keyboard as an instrument during her tour at Massey Hall, Toronto. "Because of You" was also performed at the All I Ever Wanted Tour (2009). Clarkson's performance of the song during the tour in the Hammerstein Ballroom, New York City, was given a positive review by Jim Cantiello of MTV. He explained that Clarkson's powerful rendition "literally stopped the show [...] for almost 30 seconds because the audience erupted in such wild applause." Caryn Ganz of Rolling Stone noted that Clarkson sang the song to pay homage to Reba McEntire who was in the audience.

Track listings

 * CD single
 * 1) "Because of You" (album version) – 3:39
 * 2) "Since U Been Gone" (Napster Live) – 3:21
 * 3) "Because of You" (Jason Nevins Radio Edit) – 3:58
 * 4) "Because of You" – 3:39

 * Dance Vault Mixes
 * 1) "Because of You" (Jason Nevins radio) – 3:40
 * 2) "Because of You" (Jason Nevins Club Mix) – 6:24
 * 3) "Because of You" (Jason Nevins Club With Intro Breakdown) – 6:22
 * 4) "Because of You" (Jason Nevins Dub) – 7:53
 * 5) "Because of You" (Jason Nevins Club Instrumental) – 6:24
 * 6) "Because of You" (Jason Nevins Radio Instrumental) – 3:58
 * 7) "Because of You" (Jason Nevins Remix - Acoustic Version without Strings) – 3:51
 * 8) "Because of You" (Jason Nevins Acoustic) – 3:50
 * 9) "Because of You" (Jason Nevins Acapella) – 3:54

 * Remixes CD single
 * 1) "Because of You" (Bermudez & Griffin Radio Mix) – 4:04
 * 2) "Because of You" (Bermudez & Griffin Club Mix) – 7:35
 * 3) "Because of You" (Bermudez & Griffin Ultimix) – 5:23
 * 4) "Because of You" (Bermudez & Griffin Tribe-a-Pella) – 5:24
 * 5) "Because of You" (Bermudez & Griffin Club Mix Instrumental) – 7:35
 * 6) "Because of You" (Bermudez & Griffin Ultimix Instrumental) – 5:23
 * 7) "Because of You" (Bermudez & Griffin Bonus Beats) – 3:36
 * 8) "Because of You" (Bermudez & Griffin Radio Mix Instrumental) – 4:01
 * 9) "Because of You" - 3:40

Credits and personnel
Credits are lifted from the Breakaway liner notes.

Recording
 * Recorded by Dan Certa at NRG Recording Studios, North Hollywood, California

Personnel

 * Kelly Clarkson – lead vocals and background vocals
 * Ben Moody – producer, guitar
 * David Campbell – string arrangement
 * David Hodges – producer, piano, string arrangement
 * Marty O'Brien – strings, Bass

 * John Hanes – additional pro-tools engineer
 * Mark Colbert – drums
 * Sergio Chavez – assistant engineer
 * Şerban Ghenea – mixing
 * Tim Roberts – mixing assistant

Cover versions
Lisa Tucker covered the song on the fifth season of American Idol in 2006. However, her performance was met with negative reviews from the judges and she was consequently eliminated from the show. On June 4, 2011, Britain's Got Talent contestant, Ronan Parke covered "Because of You" in the finale of the fifth series of the show. Parke also recorded the song and included it in his debut album, Ronan Parke. In an interview with Digital Spy, Parke stated that it was really challenging to record "Because of You." He added, "I asked the producer if we could leave out some of the big notes. We left them until the end and I was actually a bit scared by the noise that came out of me - I didn't know I could sound that loud!" "Because of You" was also covered by Kim Bo Kyung, who was a contestant in South Korean singing competition show, Superstar K2. Her performance received positive response from the judges and was considered as one of the highlights in the show even though she failed to advance into the Top 11. Following her elimination, she recorded the studio version of "Because of You" which was released as a digital download by Sony Music Entertainment due to an overwhelming demand. She also received a personal video message from Clarkson who gave her words of advice and support. The song also was covered by Orange Caramel, a South Korean girl group, on Christmas Day for MBC's special programme, "ICON". Besides these cover versions, "Because of You" was also included in international soundtrack to Brazilian soap opera Belíssima.

Reba McEntire and Kelly Clarkson version
In 2007, Clarkson re-recorded "Because of You" as a duet with American country singer Reba McEntire. The song was released as a single on May 15, 2007, as the lead single for McEntire's album, Reba: Duets. The duet garnered mixed reviews from critics, some of whom felt that the cover brought nothing new to the song. At the 50th Grammy Awards, McEntire and Clarkson received a nomination for Best Vocal Country Collaboration for the song. In the United States, "Because of You" became McEntire's seventh song to peak at number two at Hot Country Songs. It also became Clarkson's second song to appear on the chart. The music video was directed by Roman White which depicts McEntire and Clarkson as two retro Hollywood lounge singers. The plot centers on Clarkson's relationship with her abusive partner which is witnessed by McEntire. The song was performed live by the two singers in various venues, notably at the 42nd Annual Academy of Country Music Awards and during their 2 Worlds 2 Voices Tour.

Background and composition
According to McEntire, Clarkson was the first singer to pair up with her for the album Reba: Duets (2007). She also claimed that "Because of You" was not the original song to be included in the album; it was another song that she recorded with Clarkson, titled "A Lot Like You." McEntire explained that it was Narvel, her husband, who convinced her to go back in the studio and record "Because of You" after he heard both McEntire and Clarkson rehearsing the song. She expressed, "Narvel saw it. That wasn't one of the songs we had talked about recording – matter of fact, Kelly and I had already recorded a song, 'A Lot Like You,' for the duet project, and he said, 'You've got to do this one together,' so we did." Musically, the song is different from the original version. Thom Jhurek of Allmusic described the duet version as "a big, overblown power ballad" which incorporates "guitars compressed to the breaking point, sweeping strings, and enormous crashing cymbals." The use of violin was also incorporated into the duet, giving it a melodramatic quality that was deemed "unnecessary" by Nancy Dunham of Blogcritics. The song was officially sent to radio stations on May 15, 2007, as the lead single from the album. It was added to country radio playlists on May 28, 2007.

Critical reception
The song received mixed reviews from critics. Lana Cooper of PopMatters loved the duet and deemed it as "the most unique track on the album." She also felt that McEntire and Clarkson complemented each other in the song, writing "The double-feature cover of Clarkson's hit showcases two women with exceptional and distinctive voices playing to one another's strengths." The same opinion was echoed by Nancy Dunham of Blogcritics who believed that "the two use just the right amount of vocal passion to make the ardent lyrics come alive, but stay out of the cheese zone." Scott Sexton of About.com lauded the duet version of the song, writing "As of now anything Reba touches turns to gold, but with this hit alone she has a great shot at platinum." Kevin John Coyne of Country Universe praised McEntire's beautiful singing although he said that she did not bring "anything new" to the song. He also added that the song "had the potential to be reworked into an interesting mother/daughter confrontation" but he was disappointed because McEntire did not change the viewpoints of the song. He graded the production of the song as "C−", writing "The end result is the song doesn't make any sense, and is just confusing to listen to." Thom Jurek of Allmusic criticized the instrumentation of the song, saying "This could have been a Meat Loaf reject from Bat Out of Hell II." Gayle Thompson of The Boot ranked "Because of You" at number ten in her list of "Top 20 Reba McEntire songs." She also included both McEntire and Clarkson at number six for their duet of "Because of You" in her list of "Cross Country: Top 10 Country-Pop Duets." Gary Trust of Billboard listed the pair as one of the 10 all-female hit collaborations that have scaled Billboard charts in recent years. On March 5, 2013, Billboard ranked the song number 71 in its list of Top 100 American Idol Hits of All Time.

At the 42nd Annual Academy of Country Music Awards, McEntire and Clarkson received a nomination in the category of Musical Event of the Year for "Because of You," but lost to Tracy Lawrence with Kenny Chesney and Tim McGraw for their collaboration in "Find Out Who Your Friends Are" (2006). At the 50th Grammy Awards, McEntire and Clarkson received a nomination in the category of Best Vocal Country Collaboration for the song, but lost to Willie Nelson and Ray Price. The pair also received a nomination for the Vocal Event of the Year at the 2008 Academy of Country Music, but lost to Tracy Lawrence with Kenny Chesney and Tim McGraw for their collaboration in "Find Out Who Your Friends Are". At the 2008 ASCAP Country Music Awards, the song was honoured with the Most Performed Songs award.

Commercial performance
In the United States, "Because of You" debuted at number 42 on the Hot Country Songs on the week ending June 2, 2007. On the week ending September 8, 2007, the song jumped to its new peak at number two and was held off the top spot by Rodney Atkins' "These Are My People" (2007). It became McEntire's seventh song to peak at number two, and her first in over ten years. Had the song jumped to number one, it would have been McEntire's 23rd number one song on the chart as well as the first remake of a pop song to top Hot Country Songs since Mark Chesnutt's cover of Aerosmith's "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" spent two weeks at number one in 1999. "Because of You" also made an appearance on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 52, and peaked at number 50. This version has sold 621,000 copies in the US as of September 2017. In Canada, "Because of You" debuted at number 60 on the Canadian Hot 100 on the week ending July 14, 2007. Two weeks later, the song jumped to a new peak at number 36 and stayed in the position for two weeks. It was certified gold by Music Canada on December 4, 2007, for shipments over 40,000 units.

Music video
The music video, directed by Roman White, debuted on June 21, 2007. It depicts McEntire and Clarkson as 1930's Hollywood lounge singers. In the video, McEntire encounters Clarkson attempting to conceal a bruise inflicted by the latter's abusive partner. When Clarkson's boyfriend is fighting with her, McEntire leaves the dressing room. While performing on stage, Clarkson witnesses her boyfriend played by Andrew M. Springer flirting with another woman. After the performance, she smashes a vase out of anger in the dressing room. Her boyfriend enters the room to take her out for the rest of the evening. Though apprehensive, Clarkson leaves on his arm before looking back uncertainly at McEntire, who uncomfortably fiddles with a hairbrush as she watches them leave. The music video hit number one on CMT's Top 20 Countdown on September 13, 2007. At the 2008 CMT Music Awards, the music video received nominations for three awards. It received a nomination for the Video of the Year, but lost to Taylor Swift's "Our Song" (2007) and for the Collaborative Video of the Year, but lost to Bon Jovi featuring LeAnn Rimes, "Till We Ain't Strangers Anymore" (2007). Roman White, who directed the music video, received a nomination for the Video Director of the Year, but lost to Michael Salomon.

Live performances
McEntire and Clarkson first performed "Because of You" together at the 42nd Annual Academy of Country Music Awards in May 2007. A month later, the pair performed the song in an episode of CMT Crossroads at Ryman Auditorium which debuted on Country Music Television on June 24, 2007. On September 19, 2007, they appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show where they sang the song together. "Because of You" was also performed as the encore of the 2 Worlds 2 Voices Tour (2008), a co-headlining concert tour by McEntire and Clarkson.

Track listings

 * US CD single
 * 1) "Because of You" – 3:44
 * 2) "Because of You" – 3:44
 * 3) "Because of You" – 3:43

 * UK digital download
 * 1) "Because of You" – 3:45

title: Because of You (Kelly Clarkson song)


text:
User talk:Blah1979

Welcome,, to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful.

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title: User talk:Blah1979


text:
User talk:Jorgenpfhartogs

help with Irish name
Hi Jorgen,

I was wondering if you could help me with the pronunciation of the name Bébhinn / Bebhionn. Taking the syllables separately, I get (that is, with a YAY vowel and an YEE vowel), but I don't know if the EE vowel reduces to a schwa. Or if the two spellings Bébhinn and Bebhionn are actually equivalent.

Thanks, — kwami (talk) 01:11, 11 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Hi Kwami,

Bébhinn and Bebhionn are the same name with the former being the modern spelling and the latter being the old Irish. It is pronounced BAY-FINN or BAY-FIJONN in Ulster Irish when using the Old Irish spelling. Jorgenpfhartogs (talk) 01:17, 11 March 2020 (UTC)

Thanks, Jorgen. You mean with an actual 'f' sound, not a 'v'? And the 'i' vowel is more like English 'fin' than 'seen'? The stress is on the BAY, right?

I thought the 'o' was just to let you know that the 'nn' wasn't palatalized, and that it was otherwise silent. Interesting that people would pronounce it. — kwami (talk) 01:37, 11 March 2020 (UTC)

 * It is indeed more of an F sound than a V.

The I as in Fin and not as in seen. If it would be as in Seen it would need a fada in Irish, an í. That is why the e is elongated when it is é. Its makes e to Ay instead of Eh. In standard and Munster Irish Fionn is pronounced Finn, as you point out correctly to indicate the the 'nn' is not palatalized, and thus silent. Not so in Ulster Irish, where pronunciations are different and the talk about Fijonn. Likewise Finn MacCool is Fijonn Mac Coo-Hall in Ulster. School or standard Irish follows the official pronunciation though as Bay-Finn. Jorgenpfhartogs (talk) 13:16, 13 March 2020 (UTC)

Backpacking project
I see you have self-identified as a backpacker by using the ”This user enjoys backpacking” userbox. I invite you to join the backpacking project. It recently reactivated. There is plenty of good work to do improving the encyclopedia’s coverage of backpacking equipment, organizations, celebrities, books, skills, and trails. The project provides a system to rate articles and prioritize editing efforts. Visit the project’s page, take a look, and please consider joining me in improving the articles and coverage of an activity we both enjoy.

—¿philoserf? (talk) 20:00, 17 March 2020 (UTC)

Request translation Isabelle de Charriere
Hello Jorgen, Could you write / translate the article of Isabelle de Charrière for the GA.wiki? That would be appreciated. Boss-well63 (talk) 21:05, 12 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Dear Boss-well63 Many thanks for your message. My great-grandmother was a Van Serooskerken so naturally I'm interested. However, I'm not sure how relevant it would be to the Irish wikipedia. Not sure if any Irish people would look for the article as gaeilge. Jorgenpfhartogs (talk) 14:33, 13 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks in advance Jorgen. Her sister-in-law and friend was a Fagel (Fagel of the Trinity collection). Her cousin and best friend was married to the duke of Athlone and count of Agrim. Isabelle stayed for half a year in England. Boss-well63 (talk) 12:33, 14 May 2020 (UTC) She had contact with Denis Diderot and Germaine de Staël, about which she even published. Both are already the GA.wiki.

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Concern regarding Draft:Egon Kuhn
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Proposed deletion of File:Jorgen Pascal Francesco.jpg

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In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been deleted. When you plan on working on it further and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.

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title: User talk:Jorgenpfhartogs


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Patxi

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete'. Dmcdevit·t 00:32, July 28, 2005 (UTC)

Patxi
"Patxi" is a common Basque name with no religious connotations, not a Basque deity. Hoax. DS 14:43, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete — Basque version of the name Francis. No entry in Encyclopedia Mythica. Needs more detail and better references to be viable. — RJH 15:16, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Also an orphaned page.-LtNOWIS 15:21, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, hoax. Dcarrano 16:51, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverified/hoax. --Etacar11 00:31, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. JamesBurns 07:51, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Dont Delete conversing with a Basque friend of mine has suggested that there may be some truth in this. Obviously more research will have to be carried out. Csjunior 23.23, 20th July
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Patxi


text:
Albert Sassoon

Sir Albert Abdullah David Sassoon, 1st Baronet, (25 July 1818 – 24 October 1896) was a Baghdad-born businessman and philanthropist.

Life and career
Sassoon was born on 25 July 1818 in Baghdad, Ottoman Empire, into the Sassoon family of Baghdadi Jews. His father was David Sassoon (1792–1864). He was educated in British India. After his father's death, he served as head of his family's merchant company 'David Sassoon & Sons' (later 'David Sassoon & Co.'). Sassoon's ancestry family tree goes back to Sason town in Southeastern Anatolia Region

In 1874, under Albert Sassoon's leadership, David Sassoon & Sons established in Bombay (now Mumbai) a new subsidiary, the 'Sassoon Spinning and Weaving Company', which opened several cotton mills there. In 1875 the company built the Sassoon Docks, the first wet docks in Bombay. The company was also instrumental in the founding of the Imperial Bank of Persia in 1889.

After a visit to England in 1873, Albert Sassoon settled there permanently in 1875 to direct 'David Sassoon & Sons' from London. The management of the company's affairs in Bombay was left to his younger brother Solomon David Sassoon (1841–1894). Albert Sassoon died in Brighton in 1896, aged 78, and was buried there in the Sassoon Mausoleum, which he had built. In 1933 his body was removed and reburied in the Liberal Jewish Cemetery, Willesden in London. A mausoleum was also built for him in the Jewish Cemetery, Chinchpokli.

Philanthropy and honours
He was a major benefactor to the city of Bombay. Among his gifts was a significant contribution towards the reconstruction of the Elphinstone High School and the erection of a large equestrian statue of the Prince of Wales, Albert Edward, commemorating his visit to India in 1875. He also financed many scholarships and became a close adviser to the government on educational and building projects.

Albert Sassoon donated Rs. 60,000, while the Government of Bombay Presidency bore the remainder of the cost of Rs. 65,000, for the construction of the David Sassoon Library and Reading Room on Rampart Row, Kala Ghoda in Bombay. Its construction was completed in 1870, and like many buildings in the vicinity such as Elphinstone College, Army and Navy Buildings and Watson's Hotel, it was built using yellow Malad stone.

The Victoria and Albert Museum, Bombay (now Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum) was built with the patronage of many wealthy Indian businessmen and philanthropists including Albert Sassoon, Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy and Jaganath Shunkerseth.

In 1866 Sassoon was made a Companion of the Order of the Star of India (CSI), and in 1872 a Knight Companion of the Order of the Bath (KCB). Around the same time he received the Order of the Lion and the Sun from the Shah of Persia for "work in Persia and his services in the development of Persian commerce". During his visit to England in 1873 he received the freedom of the City of London. After Sassoon had settled in England, a baronetcy was created for him in 1890.

Family
Albert Sassoon married Hannah Meyer Moise (1823–1895) in 1838. They had six children. The eldest son was Edward Sassoon (1856–1912), the father of Philip Sassoon (1888–1939) and Sybil Cholmondeley, Marchioness of Cholmondeley (1894–1989). His daughter Aziza Sassoon (1839–1897) married Ezekiel Abraham Gubbay (1824–1896) and was the mother of Flora Sassoon.

Albert Sassoon's father, David Sassoon (1792–1864), was a leading Baghdad merchant and a treasurer under Ahmet Pasha, the Governor of Baghdad. However, he fled after he was implicated in a corruption scandal, moving from Baghdad to Bushire in Persia, and settled in Bombay in 1832, where he founded a large mercantile business, called "David Sassoon & Sons".

Albert Sassoon's great-great-great-grandson is the actor Jack Huston.

title: Albert Sassoon


text:
User talk:Jeremias Weinrich~enwiki

Welcome,, to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful.

By the way, an important tip: To sign comments on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~~~~. This will automagically add your name and the time after your comments.

To basically understand the principles and rules governing Wikipedia, you should take a look the Five Pillars that underlie all rules here.

Finally, here are some jobs that you can work on in your spare time:

Hope to see you around the Wiki! And if you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! Bratsche talk 5 pillars 14:44, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

Million pool
The Wikipedia:Million pool has actually been closed since March 17th, like it says on the pool page. — J I P | Talk 10:00, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
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Renamed
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title: User talk:Jeremias Weinrich~enwiki


text:
Talk:Cfdisk

Untitled 1
not functionally equivalent; fdisk is more mature and reliable than cfdisk—Trevor Caira 14:44, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Not according to the fdisk 2.12p man-page: "There are  several  *fdisk programs around.  Each has its problems and strengths.  Try them in the  order  cfdisk,  fdisk,  sfdisk.   (Indeed, cfdisk  is a beautiful program that has strict requirements on the partition tables it accepts, and produces high quality  partition  tables. Use  it  if you can.  fdisk is a buggy program that does fuzzy things usually it happens to produce reasonable results. [...])"

 * Funny, due to incredible amount of bugs (misreading existing partitions, creating corrupt partitions etc) it has been removed from at least one linux distro (Redhat). I guess everyone has his own view of cfdisk ;-) --Xerces8 (talk) 12:27, 30 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Here is the removal documented. If they readded it later, someone say so. --Xerces8 (talk) 12:36, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

Untitled 2
Who is the author of cfdisk? Is it Kevin E. Martin? -- Sy / (talk) 12:13, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

Status as of early 2011
In 2010, hard drives with 4 KB sector sizes have been introduced. Besides, with the increasing size of hard drives, partition table formats such as GPT and partition best practices have evolved, the tendency being to ditch support for CHS geometries and align partitions on 1 MB boundaries.

 * parted has evolved to support all of that
 * fdisk has evolved to support most of that (still doesn't do GPT)
 * cfdisk has not evolved (not yet?) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.67.126.180 (talk) 06:27, 12 January 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060518195533/http://www.linux.org:80/docs/ldp/howto/IBM7248-HOWTO/cfdisk.html to http://www.linux.org/docs/ldp/howto/IBM7248-HOWTO/cfdisk.html

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Version number
I don't think the version number of util-linux should be included in this article, cfdisk itself doesn't have a version number.

- Flori4nK T A L K  16:16, 15 March 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cfdisk


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of fictional towns in Texas

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus. humblefool®Deletion Reform 02:45, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

List of fictional towns in Texas
We already have List of fictional cities this article just seems superfluous to me. --The_stuart 14:44, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Superfluous. --Salleman 17:31, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. You can't tell me those are the only two fictional towns in Teas.  -- Visviva 15:49, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete "List of fictional towns in X" is an unnecessary species at this time; redundant with "List of fictional cities." Xoloz 04:29, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * From the LFC: "This page is 52 kilobytes long. This may be longer than is preferable."  -- Visviva 04:32, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, but why Texas, and specifically, why by place at all? "List of fictional towns in Literature" or "...Television", or "...American Literature"?  Or, if by place, why not "...in the US" or "...in the UK," etc.  Texas seems arbitrarily tiny for this sort of thing.  Also, consider, "...beginning with A-L" and "beginning with M-Z" as another way to split things. Xoloz 06:50, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Why not all of the above? The great thing about Wikipedia is that we can list and categorize things in as many different ways as we want... including by US state, which although somewhat strange actually provides a lot more user value than "List of fictional towns beginning with A." -- Visviva 12:23, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, Wikipedia is wonderful, but multiple lists with the same information would be redundant, and (more importantly) less user-friendly -- it would be extremely difficult to get a comprehensive list of fictional towns if the filing system were eclectic and repetitive. Xoloz 20:51, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Keep Dsmdgold 03:15, July 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Elnuko

Wikipedian originally from Vilnius, Lithuania.

lt:User:Elnuko

title: User:Elnuko


text:
User talk:Private Guy

Welcome,, to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful.

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Hope to see you around the Wiki! And if you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! Bratsche talk 5 pillars 14:44, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

WP:AFL
Hi mate, was wondering if you love your footy. If so, take a look at WikiProject AFL and drop us a line with your thoughts.  R o  gerthat  Talk  07:00, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Private Guy


text:
Batty Bay

Batty Bay is a narrow bay in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is an arm of Prince Regent Inlet on the eastern side of Somerset Island.

History
It was an area frequented by Arctic explorers such as Sir John Franklin and Captain John Ross, who left his boats there in 1832. The explorer William Kennedy wintered there in 1852.

title: Batty Bay


text:
User talk:Magbhitu

Welcome,, to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful.

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Hope to see you around the Wiki! And if you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! Bratsche talk 5 pillars 14:45, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Magbhitu


text:
Talk:Bruno (name)

Requested move
Bruno just redirects to "Bruno (disambiguation)", better to have the disambiguation page at Bruno then. Can't do the move myself because there is a two entry history. --S.K. 14:45, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Untitled

 * Support --S.K. 14:45, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Would have done it myself... --Chl 15:58, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

I've done the move. Talrias (t | e | c) 10:53, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I had to do it again, as someone had reinstated the redirect. (Yes, I know the incidents were 18 months removed from each other.)  Powers T 13:46, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

Definiton
"It is derived from the Germanic word brun meaning Shield or Armor" while the linked Wiktionary entrance states that "From Italian, German etc continental European Bruno, name of medieval Italian and German saints and royalty, Latinized form of Old High German brūn (“brown”). The surname is mostly borrowed from Italian Bruno." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.238.209.101 (talk) 10:41, 14 January 2013 (UTC)

To corroborate, Etymonline gives: masc. proper name, from Old High German Bruno, literally "brown"

I am really surprised that a change by an anonymous IP from "brown" to "Shield" went unchallenged from so many years!!!! Changing it back... AstroNomer (talk) 15:51, 20 February 2020 (UTC)

Here is the change, for those who want to check it.

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bruno_(name)&diff=prev&oldid=525573588

AstroNomer (talk) 16:02, 20 February 2020 (UTC)

Bruno
Bruno 172.193.68.154 (talk) 06:32, 28 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bruno (name)


text:
User talk:Nudimmud (usurped)

Welcome,, to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful.

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Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche
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Edits @ 2006 FIFA World Cup
Thank you for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and it has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Afonso Silva 21:21, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

 * [[Image:Stop hand.svg|left|30px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our encyclopedia. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. However, unconstructive edits are considered vandalism, and if you continue in this manner you may be blocked from editing without further warning. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the hard work of others. Thank you.  --Oagersnap 18:07, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nudimmud (usurped)


text:
Category:Hungarian art

 * Hungarian art.

title: Category:Hungarian art


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Cloch

Cloch or Cloch Point (stone) is a point on the east coast of the Firth of Clyde, Inverclyde, Scotland. There has been a lighthouse on the point since 1797 to warn ships of The Gantocks, a shipping hazard in the Firth. Later circa 1886, a navigation beacon was constructed on the Gantocks rocks.

Location
Cloch Point lies on the A770, north of Inverkip, three miles south-west of Gourock, on the east shore of the Firth of Clyde, directly opposite Dunoon.

Lighthouse
The Cloch Lighthouse was designed by Thomas Smith and his son-in-law Robert Stevenson. The building was completed in 1797. There appear to be two generations of keepers' houses, the older now used as stores and the more recent having crow-stepped gables. The short circular-section tower has a corbelled walkway and triangular windows. The foghorns were added between 1895 and 1897.

The light was built by John Clarkson (engineer); Kermack and Gall built the tower, while Smith and Stevenson installed the oil lantern which was first lit on 11 August 1797. The light was replaced in 1829 with an argand lamp and silvered reflector. About 1900, it was lit with acetylene. A radio beacon was installed about 1931.

The dioptric and catadioptric lenses floated in baths of mercury and were rotated by a clockwork mechanism powered by falling weights. As well as tending the light, the keepers had to wind the mechanism by hand every two to three hours.

Today, the light is fully automated and unmanned. The main light has been replaced by a light on a pole outside the lantern room.

title: Cloch


text:
User talk:Js229

Epirubicin
Thank you for your additions to Epirubicin. Most pharm articles are in dire need of historical information; have you considered joining WikiProject Pharmacology? Best wishes, Fvasconcellos (t·c) 13:12, 4 August 2007 (UTC)

Bowdon Rooms
I deleted your contribution because the Bowdon Rooms don't appear to be notable, not listed, just advertised widely as a wedding venue. Your list of references had four "references" from Wikipedia that don't mention the venue and an advert. Wikipedia cannot be used to reference an article and the other is advertising, please don't add it again to this article or any other. J3Mrs (talk) 07:05, 29 March 2016 (UTC)

For reference, it wasn't 'my' contribution. I thought you may not have been right in assuming advertising as the motive of the original contribution and reverted your deletion on the grounds of spam. The case for notability that you now raise is weak, I agree, and I don't intend to get into an edit war over. I don't think it can be reasonable though to ask me not to add 'it' to any article ever again; there are a number of contexts (the history of the building and interior images) for which the company website might be a useful and legitimate factual source. Js229 (talk) 08:33, 29 March 2016 (UTC)

A page you started (Frederick Bernheim) has been reviewed!
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A page you started (Max Hirmer) has been reviewed!
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DYK for Emily Hale
Cas Liber (talk · contribs) 00:01, 20 January 2020 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Js229


text:
User talk:Chi2600Admin

Welcome,, to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful.

By the way, an important tip: To sign comments on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~~~~. This will automagically add your name and the time after your comments.

To basically understand the principles and rules governing Wikipedia, you should take a look the Five Pillars that underlie all rules here.

Finally, here are some jobs that you can work on in your spare time:

Hope to see you around the Wiki! And if you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! Bratsche talk 5 pillars 14:46, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chi2600Admin


text:
Kurakin

The House of Kurakin (Куракин) is a name of an old, historical Russian princely family descended from Lithuanian dynasty of Gediminas. It is also a masculine surname, with the feminine counterpart of Kurakina (Куракина). They are closely related to the House of Golitsyn.

History
The Russian princely dynasty Kurakin, an originally Lithuanian dynasty, descended from the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas, who ruled the then independent Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1315 to 1341 as the sovereign Lithuanian ruler. His son Narimunt, who died in 1347, was Prince of Pinsk, his son Patrikei was Prince of Zvenigorod (a principality on the Dniester), and later Prince of Greater Novgorod. Prince Andrei Ivanovich Bulgakov (documented in 1530) is descended from his son Georg, who took the nickname Kuraka, from which the name Kurakin was derived. One of the greatest Gedyminid families of Muscovy, whose members were promoted straight to the rank of okolnichy, skipping lower ranks like the stolnik.

Notable members

 * Prince Alexander Kurakin (1752–1818), Russian statesman and diplomat
 * Prince Alexey Kurakin (1759–1829), Russian statesman
 * Antons Kurakins (born 1990), Latvian football defender
 * Prince Boris Kurakin (1676–1727), Russian statesman and diplomat
 * Boris Alekseevich Kurakin (1784–1850), Russian politician and diplomat
 * Juri Kurakin (born 1987), Estonian ice dancer, brother of Dmitri Kurakin
 * Igor Kurakin (born 1963), Russian football player
 * Princess Natalia Ivanovna Kurakina (1766-1831), Russian composer, singer and noblewoman

Russian nobility / Category:House of Kurakin (german)

title: Kurakin


text:
Gaius Ummidius Durmius Quadratus

Gaius Ummidius Durmius Quadratus (c. 12 BC – c. 60 AD) was a Roman senator of the Principate. He was the first member of the Ummidii to reach the office of consul in his family, or a homo novus. Quadratus is also known for his tenure as governor of Syria from c. 50 until his death.

Family
Gaius Ummidius Durmius Quadratus was born c. 12 BC. His family, the Ummidii, were wealthy aristocrats from the town of Casinum, Latium. His second family name, "Durmius", has been explained in one of two ways: either his mother was a Durmia, or he was a Durmius adopted into the Ummidii. If the latter, this would mean one Marcus Durmius was his father, known to have been a mint official c. 19 BC; it is commonly agreed that there is some relationship between Quadratus and the mint official.

Although it is accepted that Quadratus had at least one child—the wealthy Ummidia Quadratilla, memorialized in one of Pliny the Younger's letters—not only is the name of his wife unknown, but also whether Quadratus had married more than once.

Career under Tiberius
The cursus honorum – the sequence of positions held by Roman senators – of Quadratus is known from two inscriptions, one erected while he was governor of Lusitania, the other much later while governor of Syria. It is possible his relative Marcus Durmius helped Quadratus at the beginning of his senatorial career by facilitating his entrance into the decemviri stlitibus iudicandis, one of the four boards that comprised the vigintiviri, a minor magistracy that was a required first step to enter the Senate. Mireille Corbier dates this achievement to the year 14. Upon promotion as a quaestor, he became a member of the Senate; moreover, he achieved a distinction rarely granted to a homo novus: being one of the two imperial quaestores.

For the following years Quadratus advanced rapidly through the traditional republican magistracies, becoming curule aedile around the year 16 and praetor in 18. Immediately after that office, he became prefect of the aerarium Saturni, or overseer of the treasury of Saturn, then held a special office Tiberius had created: curator tabularum publicarum, or keeper of the public archives; Corbier assigns the dates he held these offices to the years 18 and 19 respectively. Quadratus could have expected to acceded to the consulship upon in due course, but his only known office for many years after conclusion of his tenure as curator was proconsular governor of Cyprus, a modest public province. Ronald Syme speculates that he had somehow fallen from the Emperor's favour. Quadratus is next attested as governor of the imperial province of Lusitania in 37 AD, administering the oath of allegiance to the new emperor on Tiberius' death. The dates when he started and ended his governorship are uncertain. The previous governor, Fulcinius Trio, returned to Rome before 1 July 31 when he began his tenure as suffect consul; normally governors served for three years at a time, and another man may have been in office between him and Quadratus, but at this point in his reign Tiberius often prolonged the time senators were assigned to imperial provinces; it is possible Quadratus was dispatched to distant Lusitania as early as the year 31, and remained there through the reign of Caligula.

By the reign of Claudius, Quadratus was definitely back in Rome, for the Syrian inscription attests he was suffect consul at this time. Syme writes he held the fasces "perhaps in 38 or 39. For discretion, let his consulship be registered as 'c. 40'." Soon after leaving his office, Quadratus was admitted to the Quindecimviri sacris faciundis, the priesthood entrusted with care of the Sibylline Books and one of the four most prestigious Roman priesthoods. He did not remain in Rome long, for he is attested appointed by Claudius as governor in "Illyria"—either the province of Dalmatia or Pannonia. His governorship of Syria followed.

Governorship of Syria
The procurator of Iudaea, Ventidius Cumanus, was accused of partiality to the Samaritans, who were at variance with the Galileans, and both parties appealed to Quadratus. The governor went to Samaria in 52 and suppressed the disturbance. The Samaritan and Galilean insurgents were crucified; five (eighteen according to Josephus ) Galileans whom the Samaritans pointed out as instigators of the movement were executed in Lydda; High priest Ananias and Anan, the governor of the Temple, were sent in chains to Rome; and the leaders of the Samaritans, the procurator Cumanus, and the military tribune Celer were also sent to plead their cause before the emperor. In fear of further disturbances, Quadratus hurried to Jerusalem; finding the city peacefully celebrating the Feast of Passover, he returned to Antioch. Cumanus was deposed and was succeeded by Felix, appointed at the request of the high priest, Jonathan, whom also Quadratus had sent to Rome.

Tacitus' version of the story can not be reconciled with that of Josephus, since, according to the former, Felix and Cumanus were procurators at the same time, the one in Samaria and the other in Galilee. According to Tacitus, also, Quadratus himself sat in judgment upon Cumanus, and he expressly states that Quadratus was superior to the procurator in authority. Quadratus died during his tenure of office. Several coins struck by him have been found.

title: Gaius Ummidius Durmius Quadratus


text:
Go Hui-dong

Go Hui-dong (1886–1965), also known by the pen name Chun-gok, born in Seoul, was the first Korean painter to adopt Western styles. He spent most of his life in Seoul. He studied French there from 1899 to 1903 and briefly took a post with the Korean government. Leaving the post in 1905, he studied Korean painting for several years and then traveled to Japan, where he studied Western-style painting under Kuroda Seiki from 1909 to 1915. He returned to Korea in 1915 and sought to fuse traditional and Korean styles. Currently his house located in Bukchon Village is open to public.

title: Go Hui-dong


text:
User:Y2kevbug11

Y2Kevbug11 is awesomeness. He roxor.

There really, truly is nothing else to describe.

title: User:Y2kevbug11


text:
Lasiocampidae

The Lasiocampidae are a family of moths also known as eggars, tent caterpillars, snout moths (although this also refers to the Pyralidae), or lappet moths. Over 2,000 species occur worldwide, and probably not all have been named or studied. It is the sole family in superfamily Lasiocampoidea.

Etymology
Their common name "snout moths" comes from the unique protruding mouth parts of some species which resemble a large nose. They are called "lappet moths" due to the decorative skin flaps found on the caterpillar's prolegs. The name "eggars" comes from the neat egg-shaped cocoons of some species. The scientific name is from the Greek lasio (wooly) and campa (caterpillar).

Description
Caterpillars of this family are large and are most often hairy, especially on their sides. Most have skin flaps on their prolegs and a pair of dorsal glands on their abdomens. They feed on leaves of many different trees and shrubs, and often use these same plants to camouflage their cocoons. Some species are called tent caterpillars due to their habit of living together in nests spun of silk.

As adults, the moths in this family are large bodied with broad wings and may still have the characteristic elongated mouth parts, or have reduced mouthparts and not feed as adults. They are either diurnal or nocturnal. Females lay a large number of eggs which are flat in appearance and either smooth or slightly pitted. In tent caterpillars, the eggs are deposited in masses and covered with a material that hardens in air. Females are generally larger and slower than the males, but the sexes otherwise resemble each other. Moths are typically brown or grey, with hairy legs and bodies.

Subfamilies and tribes
Subfamily Chionopsychinae (1 genus, 2 species)

Subfamily Chondrosteginae (2 genera)

Subfamily Lasiocampinae (130 genera)
 * Tribe Gastropachini (previously subfamily Gastropachinae)
 * Tribe Lasiocampini
 * Tribe Malacosomatini

Subfamily Macromphaliinae (15 genera)

Subfamily Poecilocampinae (two genera)

Genera incertae sedis
 * Bhima
 * Borocera
 * Nesara

Selected North American species

 * American lappet moth, Phyllodesma americana
 * Riley's lappet moth, Heteropacha rileyana
 * Eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum
 * Forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstrium
 * Western tent caterpillar, Malacosoma californicum
 * Larch moth, Tolype laricis
 * Velleda lappet moth, or large tolype Tolype velleda

title: Lasiocampidae