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List of Dharma & Greg episodes

Dharma & Greg is an American television sitcom that aired from September 24, 1997, to April 30, 2002.

It stars Jenna Elfman and Thomas Gibson as Dharma and Greg Montgomery, a couple who got married on their first date despite being complete opposites. The series is co-produced by Chuck Lorre Productions, More-Medavoy Productions and 4 to 6 Foot Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television for ABC. The show's theme song was written and performed by composer Dennis C. Brown.

title: List of Dharma & Greg episodes


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Ushkonyr

Ushkonyr (Үшқоңыр, Üşqoñyr), formerly known as Shamalgan (Шамалған, Şamalğan) or Chemolgan (Чемолган), is a rural community near Almaty in Kazakhstan. It is notable as the birthplace of former Kazakh president Nursultan Nazarbayev.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ushkonyr


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Revolutionary Left Movement (Bolivia)

The Revolutionary Left Movement – New Majority (Movimiento de la Izquierda Revolucionaria – Nueva Mayoría; MIR–NM) was a social democratic political party in Bolivia whose registration was annulled in 2006 after it failed achieve the electoral results needed to maintain its official registration. In the elections of 2009, the party did not field any candidates. It was a member of the Socialist International.

History
The MIR was founded in 1971 by a merger of a left-wing faction of Bolivia's Christian Democratic Party and the radical student wing of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR). It has been led from the beginning by Jaime Paz Zamora. The MIR was becoming influential in the labor movement and politics during the early 1970s, but it was repressed by the government of Hugo Banzer later in the 1970s.

In 1978, the MIR joined the left-of-center UDP alliance of former president Hernán Siles Zuazo. After a few years of unstable military rule, Siles Zuazo was proclaimed Constitutional President in 1982, based on the results of the 1980 elections, which had been annulled by general Luis García Meza. The MIR's Jaime Paz Zamora accompanied Dr. Siles as his Vice-President. During the dire economic crisis that coincided with the coming to power of the UDP, Siles became considerably unpopular. At this point (1984), the MIR—led by Vice-President Paz Zamora—left the governing alliance and moved into the opposition. Prior to the 1985 elections, a faction of the party led by Antonio Araníbar left the party on ideological grounds and formed the rival Free Bolivia Movement. The faction of the MIR that remained loyal to Paz Zamora referred to itself as the MIR-New Majority, and espoused a much more moderate program than before, having disassociated itself from Marxist dogmas and any notion of class struggle.

Presidency
The MIR was revitalized when it became one of the most vocal critics of the austerity and neoliberal measures of the president that followed Siles, Víctor Paz Estenssoro of the MNR. After the 1989 elections, the MIR at long last attained the presidency of Bolivia, despite having finished third in the popular vote. Since no party had obtained the 50% majority needed for direct election, Congress was called upon to decide who should be Chief Executive; Paz Zamora got the nod, thanks to a most unlikely alliance with a former enemy, the right-wing candidate General Hugo Banzer. Perhaps limited by this co-governing pact with Banzer (called the Patriotic Accord), President Jaime Paz Zamora followed much of the course set by the MNR, disappointing many former adherents. Following the coalition, MIR again stood independently in the 1997, where Paz Zamora finished third in the presidential elections, the party gaining 7 senators and 23 deputies.

Decline
Like the other traditionally dominant parties in Bolivia (such as the MNR and Banzer's Nationalist Democratic Action, or ADN), the MIR suffered a collapse in the early years of the 21st century. One of its most important leaders, Oscar Eid, even went to jail for links to narcotics trafficking, further tarnishing the party. Their support again decreased in 2002, with the rise of Evo Morales' Movement for Socialism, and Paz Zamora finished fourth. The party maintained a reduced local presence in the 2004 elections, winning 132 council seats across 89 communes. Indeed, by this time, the MIR had lost so much support that it chose not to run candidates for the 2005 presidential elections. Instead, it chose to focus its efforts in local and provincial contests, with its leader, Paz Zamora, failing to win the Prefecture of Tarija as part of a joint candidature entitled Regional Convergence. In 2006, the party's official registration was cancelled, due to its failure to achieve sufficient results in previous elections, and in 2009 the party did not stand any candidates.

title: Revolutionary Left Movement (Bolivia)


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Niobe fritillary

The Niobe fritillary (Fabriciana niobe) is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.

Etymology
The Latin species name niobe refers to Niobe, daughter of Tantalus in Greek mythology.

Subspecies
Subspecies include:
 * F. n. niobe (central Europe and Western Siberia)
 * F. n. changaica Reuss, 1922
 * F. n. demavendis (Gross & Ebert, 1975) (Iran)
 * F. n. gigantea (Staudinger, 1871) (southern Europe)
 * F. n. intermedia Reuss, 1925
 * F. n. khusestana (Gross & Ebert, 1975) (western Iran)
 * F. n. kurana (Wyatt & Omoto, 1966)
 * F. n. orientalis (Alphéraky, 1881)
 * F. n. ornata (Staudinger, 1901)
 * F. n. shiva (Wyatt & Omoto, 1966)
 * F. n. tekkensis (Christoph, 1893)
 * F. n. valesinoides Reuss, 1926 (Korea)
 * F. n. voraxides Reuss, 1921

Distribution and habitat
Fabriciana niobe is common throughout Europe, but absent from the United Kingdom and Northern Europe, and is also found in Siberia, Russia, Iran, China, and Korea These butterflies can be found in open grassy places, slopes, woodland and clearings at altitudes between sea level and 2400 m.

Description
Fabriciana niobe has a wingspan of 46 - 60 mm. The females are rather bigger and have more marked wings. These medium-sized butterflies have a bright brown-orange background with black dots and crossbands, and a line of submarginal triangular patches. The forewings margin shows a rounded shape. The underside of the hindwings usually has small whitish-silvery spots, a black pupilled yellow spot and black lined submarginal lunules and veins in the basal area. Caterpillars have a dark basic colour with small, white spots and white thorns.

This species is rather similar to the dark-green fritillary (Speyeria aglaja) and high brown fritillary (Fabriciana adippe), but it is quite smaller, the silver centred brown spots are smaller and the postdiscal silver markings are not continuous.

Seitz - A. niobe L. (69c). Above very similar to aglaja, at once recognized by the much more variegated under-side. The hindwing beneath is without the even verdigris shading in the basal half, the latter bearing distinct leathery-yellow patches, which are often centred, edged or shaded with brownish green. The nymotypical form has abundant silver-spots beneath, more than aglaja, as the distal band has no silver in aglaja, while it bears silvery centres in niobe.

Biology
This species is univoltine. It overwinters at the caterpillar stage in the egg shell. Adults fly from May to late August. The eggs are laid on the vegetation, near the host plants. The larvae hatch in March and mature in June. Caterpillars feed on Viola tricolor, Viola canina, Viola riviniana, Viola odorata, Viola hirta, Viola palustris and Plantago lanceolata.

title: Niobe fritillary


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Staphylococcus xylosus

Staphylococcus xylosus is a species of bacteria belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. It is a Gram-positive bacterium that forms clusters of cells. Like most staphylococcal species, it is coagulase-negative and exists as a commensal on the skin of humans and animals and in the environment.

Staphylococcus xylosus may be used as CNC (coagulase-negative cocci) in salami fermentation.

It appears to be far more common in animals than in humans. S. xylosus has very occasionally been identified as a cause of human infection, but in some cases it may have been misidentified.

Identification
Staphylococcus xylosus is normally sensitive to fleroxacin, methicillin, penicillin, teicoplanin, erythromycin and tetracycline, and resistant to novobiocin. It is highly active biochemically, producing acid from a wide variety of carbohydrates.

Acid and gas are produced from D-(+)-galactose, D-(+)-mannose, D-(+)-mannitol, maltose, and lactose. Caseinolytic and gelatinase activities are normally present.

It normally produces slime but not capsules. This ability is lost upon subculture. Its cell wall peptidoglycan is similar to the L-Lys-Gly3-5 L-Ser0.6-1.5 type found in predominantly human species.

Clinical importance
Staphylococcus xylosus is a member of the skin flora of humans and other animals. It has been associated with:
 * Nasal dermatitis in gerbils
 * Pyelonephritis in humans
 * Avian staphylococcosis
 * Bovine intramammary infection

It is also found in milk, cheese, and sausage.

title: Staphylococcus xylosus


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kurt Schreckling

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. humblefool®Deletion Reform 01:03, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Kurt Schreckling

 * Never listed. --Dmcdevit·t 07:32, July 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * I just found out who Kurt Schreckling is, he's a guy that built a jet engine using a wooden(!) compressor and a gas turbine made out of sheet metal, cut and then bent with pliers. He then flew a model aircraft with the engine. Yowwwww; respect! I don't think the article should be deleted; I think it needs to be expanded. So I vote no! WolfKeeper 21:17, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. If this were a poet who had invented a new lyrical form that was not widely used but was as unknown as Schreckling, we'd delete him in a second.  Wikipedia sometimes has a tendency to give more slack to techs than to humanities types.  For consistency, I'd say delete.  Nandesuka 17:53, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, pioneering home-constructed turbojet engines for model aircrafts is certainly noteworthty for inclusion in my book, especially when it's referenced with an appropriate source. - Mgm|(talk) 20:37, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Weak keep borderline notable. royblumy 03:05, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Scraping the bottom limits of notability. JamesBurns 07:31, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, published author if nothing else. Radiant_ >|< 10:54, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, but this is stretching it. --Titoxd 01:17, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Seems noteworthy, although it should be expanded. Binadot 03:03, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. This guy is cool it is really a begning for a lot of enthusiasts like me. please keep it

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Multicenter trial

A multicenter research trial is a clinical trial that involves more than one independent medical institutions in enrolling and following trial participants. In multicenter trials the participant institutions follow a common treatment protocol and follow the same data collection guidelines, and there is a single coordinating center that receives, processes and analyzes study data.

Benefits
An important benefit of multicenter trials is that they permit the enrollment of a larger number of participants at a faster rate, in comparison to a single-center trial, putting to use the sources of multiple institutions. This is crucial when the anticipated benefit from a treatment will be relatively small, or an expected outcome is likely to be uncommon, making a larger sample size necessary. Therefore, studies on preventive measures and therapies tend to be designed as multicenter trials. In studying novel pharmaceuticals, Phase III trials, which compare the new treatment to an established one, are usually multicenter ones. In contrast, Phase I trials, which test potential toxicity of the treatment, and Phase II trials, which establish some preliminary efficacy of the tested treatment, are usually single-center trials, as they require fewer participants.

The benefits of multicenter trials also include the potential for a more heterogenous sample of participants, from different geographic locations and a wider range of population groups, treated from physicians of different backgrounds, and the ability to compare results among centers, all of which increase the generalizability of the study. In many cases, efficacy will vary significantly between population groups with different genetic, environmental, and ethnic or cultural backgrounds ("demographic" factors); multicenter trials are better at evaluating these factors, by giving the opportunity for more subgroup analyses. Heterogeneity in the sample means that the findings will be more generalizable. On the other hand, a more heterogeneous study population generally requires a larger sample size to detect a given difference.

title: Multicenter trial


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Oregon Route 219

Oregon Route 219 (also known as part of the Hillsboro-Silverton Highway No. 140 (see Oregon highways and routes)) is an Oregon state highway which runs between the cities of Hillsboro and Woodburn, Oregon, in the United States. The Hillsboro-Silverton Highway continues further south to Silverton, signed as OR 214. The highway mainly serves local residents and agricultural traffic, despite its proximity to the Portland area it lies outside the Portland Urban Growth Boundary (except for its northern terminus in Hillsboro), and maintains its character as a country road.

Route description
OR 219's southern terminus is at the junction with Interstate 5 and OR 214 in the city of Woodburn. (A single diamond interchange serves both OR 219 and OR 214 from the freeway; OR 219 leads west of the interchange and OR 214 heads east.) After passing a collection of shopping malls and motel chains around the Woodburn exit, OR 219 starts winding its way through the Marion County countryside, heading in a northwesterly direction. As the area is primarily regular-platted farmland, the alignment of OR 219 heads west for a while, then turns north, then turns west again; the route contains numerous 90-degree turns.

The next city encountered is the city of St. Paul. From St. Paul, the highway heads north and then northeast, parallel to (but at some distance from) the Willamette River. At this point the road is known as the St. Paul Highway. After the intersections with McKay Road and Champeog Road (which provides access to Champoeg State Heritage Area), the route crosses the Willamette River. Soon after crossing the river, the highway enters the city of Newberg.

In Newberg, the route intersects OR 18 (the Newberg-Dundee Bypass) before it joins (and overlaps) OR 99W along the Pacific Highway West No. 1W, and the combined route then heads westward into the city center (when one travels on the concurrent section, one is simultaneously heading north on OR 219 and south on OR 99W, or vice versa). In downtown Newberg, the route enters a one-way couplet; and then OR 219 splits apart from OR 99W again, and heads north.

Immediately north of Newberg, the route enters a steep, narrow, twisty section as it climbs out of the Willamette Valley into the hills overlooking the town. Soon the road levels out again as OR 219 descends into the Tualatin Valley. The next named location is Scholls, where the route intersects with OR 210. Keeping on OR 219, one then heads in a general northwesterly direction, running parallel to the western bank of the Tualatin River. Just northwest of the intersection with OR 210 is Brown's Corner, followed by the 90 degree turn at the Midway Curve. The state plans to re-work those curves to improve safety. After OR 210, the next major route encountered is OR 10, just west of Farmington. About five miles (8 km) after that, OR 219 enters the city of Hillsboro as it crosses the Tualatin River and passes by Jackson Bottom Wetlands Preserve. Entering downtown Hillsboro, OR 219 becomes South 1st Street before ending at the intersection with Oregon Route 8, the Tualatin Valley Highway. Mile marker numbering begins here as zero, with numbers increasing as the road stretches to the south.

OR 18 (the Newberg-Dundee Bypass) intersected Oregon Route 219 south of Newberg when it opens in Winter, 2018.

History
In 1989, Washington County renamed the road in the county from Oregon 219 to Hillsboro Highway. This was part of an effort to improve response times by emergency services.

OR 219 originally continued south from Woodburn on French Prairie Road and River Road to Salem, Oregon. Its original southern terminus was at OR 22 and OR 99E in downtown Salem and was later moved north to near Keizer following the completion of the Salem Parkway. The highway was truncated to Woodburn in August 1992 and absorbed a section of OR 214 to connect with I-5.

Major intersections
Note: mileposts do not reflect actual mileage due to realignments.

title: Oregon Route 219


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Double Dribble (video game)

Double Dribble (ダブルドリブル) is an arcade basketball video game developed and released by Konami in 1986. It was the second basketball arcade video game by Konami, following Super Basketball. It was considered the most realistic basketball sports video game upon release, with fast-paced action, detailed players, a large side-scrolling court, innovative cinematic slam dunks, and detailed sound effects, beginning a trend where presentation would play an increasingly important role in sports games.

Much of the game's popularity came from its animation sequences showing basketball players performing slam dunks, as well as "The Star-Spangled Banner" theme during the attract mode. These were uncommon in video games at the time of Double Dribble's release. It was successful in the arcades, and the game became and remained popular and remembered when it was ported to the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1987.

Double Dribble was followed by Double Dribble: The Playoff Edition, which was released in 1994 for the Genesis/Mega Drive. A remake, Double Dribble Fastbreak, was released for iOS in 2010, being based mostly on the NES version, but the animation sequences were ripped from the arcade version.

Arcade version
Like its predecessor, Super Basketball, the player controls a five-man basketball team playing against the computer-controlled team, or controlled by a second player. When a coin is inserted, a credit is displayed on the bottom of the screen, along with a timer indicating one minute. The player is then prompted to enter their initials before starting the game.

The gameplay is a marked difference and improvement from its predecessor, as the characters look and move better around the court. Like a traditional basketball game, the centers come out to the middle of the court, and the referee institutes a jump ball to begin the game.

The goal for Double Dribble is for the player to have scored more points than the computer team before the time runs out. Doing so awarded the player with another minute of time, and the game continues. The longer the game is played, the more difficult it becomes. If the computer team has as many points or more as the player's team when time runs out, the game ends.

The controls are an 8-way joystick and three buttons: one to dribble the ball on offense, one to pass the ball on offense, and one to shoot the ball on offense. On defense, the dribble button becomes the steal button, the pass button becomes the switch button to switch players, and the shoot button becomes the jump button.

If the player is on offense, they must repeatedly hit the dribble button while moving the joystick in a certain direction in order to move the character with the ball. To pass the ball, the player moves the joystick in the direction of the character's teammate (indicated by an aura in the player's team's color) and press the pass button. To shoot the ball, the player must press and hold the shoot button until the character reaches the top of their jump, at which point the button must be released.

If the player controls a character in the lane and moving toward the basket and they hit the shot button, the screen changes to focus on the character attempting a dunk. The player must hold the button down until the character reaches the top of the jump and then release it. If the timing of the button's release is incorrect, the ball bounces high and far off the rim, and the player must rebound the ball.

Each character moves at slightly different speeds, and is capable of jumping to different heights, and at different speeds. Learning the differences between each character's movement is important to performing jump shots, dunks, and also get good at rebounds, which is important at later stages of the game.

If the player is on defense, the player can try to steal the ball from the computer by moving towards the ball and hitting the steal button. If done correctly, the player controlled character will steal the ball. The game then displays the message 'Nice steal!', and the player takes the offense role. There is a chance that while doing this that the player controlled character will foul the computer, who will then be sent to the free-throw line.

If the player needs to switch control to a different player on their team, they move the joystick towards the preferred character and press the pass button. Control is instantly switched to that character.

When a character on the opposing team takes a shot, and the player controlled character is near to them, pressing the shot button will cause the player character to jump and possibly block the shot. If a shot is missed, moving the player character beneath the shadow of the ball and pressing the shot button executes an attempt to rebound the basketball.

If the player character is fouled, he is sent to the free-throw line. Five characters will take their places on opposing sides of the lane, with the player character at the free-throw line. The player then has five seconds for each free throw attempt. A ring starts above the basket, and when the player presses and hold the shoot button, the ring descends towards the basket. The player must get the ring as close to the basket as possible in order to make the free throw. As with their jumps, each character's ring descends at different speeds.

Like a real NBA game, the game is divided into four quarters at 12 minutes per quarter. After the end of each quarter there is a challenge stage, which is a three-point shootout. In these stages, the player controls a character from their team attempting five three-point shots at each corner, each wing, and from the top of the key for a total of 25 shots. The player presses and holds the shoot button until the character reaches the top of his jump, and then releases it. Each successful shot adds 1 second to the player's time remaining for a total of 25 seconds, with an additional bonus of 1 minute if all shots succeed. Play then continues until the player runs out of time while having fewer points than the opposing team, or the score is tied.

The game's high-score table is unique, in that a player can get on the table by scoring a lot of points, shooting a high percentage either in-game or from the free-throw line, grabbing a lot of rebounds, dishing out assists, or by committing the fewest fouls. Players still have to score more points than the lowest score on the high score table to qualify, however.

NES version
Several positions on the court were 'hot spots', high-percentage areas where shots were taken were likely to score points (e.g., "a fade-away, banked 3-pointer"). For example: it is easier to hit a 3-pointer on the bottom right-hand side of the screen. A player could start a 3-point jump shot from the top right or left corner of the court inbounds, and continue the jump out of bounds and even slightly behind the hoop and it would go in nearly every time. Another nearly guaranteed shot is taken with the player standing 3-quarters length of the court away from their goal could go for a running 3-point shot, provided that the shot button was pressed within the other team's free-throw shooting circle. In certain circumstances, the display would break away from the full court action and show a close-up of the players either dunking the ball or making a shot. Frequently a player would miss a slam dunk, which is a very high percentage shot.

While the Arcade Version has time based play, the NES version allows you to play the full game regardless of score. Quarters can be played with 5, 10, 20, or 30 minute lengths. Single Player games can be played against three CPU skill levels, and a Versus Mode is also available for two players to play against each other. Players can choose from one of four teams: Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles and New York. There is no difference in skill level or abilities between the teams. In 1P Mode, the CPU Team will always be Boston, but in versus mode, the only rule is that both players can't be the same team. Since there is no NBA license, no team names or player names are used, but the teams wear the same color of their NBA counterparts, and the teams had similar names: L.A. Breakers, Boston Frogs, Chicago Ox, and New York Eagles.

Winning a game would show a basketball player in the team colors triumphantly holding up a trophy. The trophy's color was dependent on number of opponents defeated, one bronze, two silver, and all three gold.

Ports
Konami released ports for the Family Computer Disk System and Nintendo Entertainment System in 1987; the FDS version was titled Exciting Basket (エキサイティング バスケット). The NES version features 5-on-5 action on a horizontally scrolling court, four teams (Boston Frogs, New York Eagles, Chicago Ox, Los Angeles Breakers), three levels of single-play difficulty, and four choices of quarter lengths. Double Dribble was among the first games to feature cut scenes, which depicted a mid-air player completing a slam dunk, and one of the first to use speech, though in a limited quantity (such as announcing the game title, the game's beginning jump ball, and some foul calls). "The Star-Spangled Banner" in this version was slightly altered, while it was being played in a cut scene depicting the crowd entering the stadium before the menu pops up. The NES version was ported to the Wii's Virtual Console in Europe on November 16, 2007, and in North America on November 26, 2007.

In 1990, ports were published for the Commodore 64, Amiga, and MS-DOS.

Reception
In Japan, Game Machine listed the arcade version of Double Dribble on their March 15, 1987, issue as being the twentieth most-successful table arcade unit of the month.

The NES version has received a mostly positive reception from retrospective reviews. Allgame awarded the game 5 out of 5 stars. The review referred to the game as the most realistic rendition of basketball on its release, and that it "was the beginning of a new era" for sports games in which presentation played an increasingly important role. GameSpot editor Frank Provo displayed mixed feelings towards the Virtual Console release, emphasizing that after a few minutes of play time, players start noticing design quirks that force the player to play the game a certain way. Provo also criticized the computer player's unfair ability to catch up with the player.

Legacy
In 1991, a Game Boy version was released titled Double Dribble 5-on-5.

A Genesis sequel was released in 1994: Double Dribble: The Playoff Edition (Hyperdunk in Japan and Europe).

A remake for iPhone OS titled Double Dribble Fast Break was released in 2010.

Double Dribble was shown in the Family Guy episode "Run, Chris, Run".

title: Double Dribble (video game)


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User talk:Stevenwmccrary58

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. You may also want to check out Merge, for information about merging, renaming and moving pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful. In addition, you might want to add yourself to the new user log; if you made any edits before getting an account, you may wish to assign those to your username.

By the way, an important tip: To sign comments on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~~~~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments.

Finally, here are some open tasks:

Other links for reference: Wikiquette, image copyright tags, Merge Hope to see you around the Wiki! Remember to be Bold! with your edits, and if you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! <> Who ? ¿ ? 21:18, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Archive of User Talk:Steven McCrary
Archive 01--from July 05 through Christmas 05

Archive 02--from Christmas 05 through Christmas 08

Discussion on the use of "religious" as a non-NPOV

Reviving WikiProject Physics/Taskforces/Fluid dynamics
Crownest has expressed interest in reviving this. Since you were a member of the FD project (now converted into a taskforce), I'm wondering if you'd be a part of the Taskforce. The taskforce is undergoing a significant overhaul at the moment, and by the end of it, it should be fairly easy to get around and there should be a nifty compendium of useful tools for people interested in FD. Headbomb {{{sup|ταλκ}}κοντριβς – WP Physics} 10:54, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

An RfC that you may be interested in...
As one of the previous contributors to Infobox film or as one of the commenters on it's talk page, I would like to inform you that there has been a RfC started on the talk page as to implementation of previously deprecated parameters. Your comments and thoughts on the matter would be welcomed. Happy editing!
 * This message was sent by MediaWiki message delivery (talk) on behalf of {{U|Technical 13}} (t • e • c) 18:27, 8 March 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:06, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stevenwmccrary58


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Connie Britton

Connie Britton (born Constance Elaine Womack; March 6, 1967) is an American actress. Britton made her feature film debut in the independent comedy-drama film The Brothers McMullen (1995), and the following year, she was cast as Nikki Faber on the ABC sitcom Spin City. She later starred in the short-lived sitcoms The Fighting Fitzgeralds (2001) and Lost at Home (2003), and appeared in several films, most notably the sports drama film Friday Night Lights (2004) and the thriller film The Last Winter (2006).

Britton starred as Tami Taylor on the NBC/DirecTV drama series Friday Night Lights from 2006 to 2011. For this role, she received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series.

In 2011, she starred as Vivien Harmon in the first season of FX horror-drama series American Horror Story, for which she was nominated for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie. She reprised her role for the eighth season of the show, Apocalypse. Britton starred as country singer Rayna Jaymes in the ABC/CMT musical drama series Nashville from 2012 to 2018, for which she was nominated for another Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama.

In 2016, Britton had a recurring role as socialite Faye Resnick in the first season of FX true crime anthology series American Crime Story. In 2018, she starred as Abby Clark in the Fox procedural drama series 9-1-1 as a main role in the first season and a guest in the third season, and received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film for her performance as Debra Newell in the Bravo true crime anthology series Dirty John. In 2021, Britton starred in the HBO satire comedy-drama series The White Lotus alongside Jennifer Coolidge and Steve Zahn, for which she was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie.

In feature films, Britton starred in the romantic comedy-drama Seeking a Friend for the End of the World (2012), the romantic comedy The To Do List (2013), the comedy-dramas This Is Where I Leave You (2014) and Me and Earl and the Dying Girl (2015), the action comedy American Ultra (2015), the period drama Professor Marston and the Wonder Women (2017), the comedy-drama The Land of Steady Habits (2018), the drama Bombshell (2019) and the thriller Promising Young Woman (2020).

Early life and education
Britton was born Constance Elaine Womack in Boston, Massachusetts, to Linda Jane (née Cochran) and Edgar Allen Womack, Jr., who was a physicist and an energy company executive. She spent her early years in Rockville, Maryland.

When she was seven years old, she moved with her parents and her fraternal twin sister, Cynthia, to Lynchburg, Virginia, where she attended E. C. Glass High School and performed in plays in the E. C. Glass High School Theater; her photo is displayed in the E. C. Glass Alumni Theater. She majored in Asian studies with a concentration in Chinese at Dartmouth College, and studied at the Beijing Normal University during her freshman summer with Kirsten Gillibrand, who was later elected to the United States Senate.

After graduating in 1989, Britton (then Womack) moved to New York City, where she spent two years at the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre studying with Sanford Meisner.

1995–2005: Early work
While studying at the Neighborhood Playhouse, Britton (then Womack) made her New York theatrical debut in Caroline Kava's The Early Girl at The Courtyard Playhouse. Britton played seasoned prostitute Laurel opposite Cooper Lawrence, who played Joan. Britton's performance, while well received, nearly got her ousted from the Neighborhood Playhouse program, which prohibited students from taking professional employment during their course of study. After graduating, Britton spent two more years working in off-Broadway theatre productions. In 1995, Britton made her feature film debut in Edward Burns's comedy-drama The Brothers McMullen. She moved to Los Angeles after the film's success.

After The Brothers McMullen, Britton was cast as Heather in a recurring role in the ABC sitcom Ellen, and starred as Cammie Barbash in the unsold Fox pilot Pins and Needles. Britton was one of two finalists for the part of Dorothy Boyd opposite Tom Cruise in Cameron Crowe's romantic comedy-drama Jerry Maguire (1996), but lost the role to Renée Zellweger. In 1996, she began co-starring as Nikki Faber in the ABC sitcom Spin City opposite Michael J. Fox. Her character was written out of the show when Charlie Sheen replaced Fox. She also appeared in the romantic comedy-drama No Looking Back (1998) and the mystery comedy-drama Looking for Kitty (2004), both directed by Edward Burns. In 2001, she co-starred opposite Chris Eigeman and Jamie Harris in the romantic comedy The Next Big Thing. She later co-starred in the independent films The Life Coach, Special Ed, The Lather Effect and The Last Winter.

After leaving Spin City, Britton had a recurring role as Maggie Kimble Hume in the short-lived CBS crime drama The Fugitive. In 2001, she played Gertrude Temple, Shirley Temple's bad mother in the ABC television film Child Star: The Shirley Temple Story, based on Temple's 1988 autobiography. In the same year, she starred as Sophie Fitzgerald in the short-lived NBC sitcom The Fighting Fitzgeralds. In 2001, Britton also had a recurring role in the NBC political drama The West Wing in the third season, appearing in the two-part premiere titled "Manchester" and the sixth episode titled "Gone Quiet" as Connie Tate, a member of Bruno Gianelli's team. In 2002, she returned to ABC and starred as Rachel Davis in the short-lived sitcom Lost at Home. In 2006, she had a recurring role in the Fox espionage thriller 24 in the fifth season as Diane Huxley, a landlady and a brief girlfriend of Jack Bauer (Kiefer Sutherland).

2006–2011: Further recognition
Britton co-starred opposite Kyle Chandler in the NBC/DirecTV drama series Friday Night Lights as Tami Taylor, the wife of a head football coach Eric Taylor (Chandler), who becomes a high school guidance counselor. The show ran for five seasons from October 3, 2006, to February 9, 2011. During that time, Britton developed a devoted following for her performance – described by The New York Times as "something of an icon, a 40-something sex symbol and role model." She was first cast opposite Billy Bob Thornton in the film version of the series, Friday Night Lights (2004). For her role in the show, she was nominated for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2010 and 2011, for TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Drama in 2007 and 2008, and was awarded Satellite Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama in 2010.

In 2009, Britton co-starred opposite Carla Gugino and her Friday Night Lights co-star Adrianne Palicki in the comedy Women in Trouble, and co-starred opposite Jackie Earle Haley, Kyle Gallner and Rooney Mara in the 2010 remake of A Nightmare on Elm Street as Dr. Gwendoline "Gwen" Holbrook. In 2011, she co-starred opposite Pamela Adlon in the romantic comedy Conception. She appeared on the WBEZ radio reading show This American Life 429th episode, "Will They Know Me at Home?", in which she performed monologues from David Finkel's nonfiction book The Good Soldiers.

In 2011, Britton starred in the first season in the FX horror drama American Horror Story. She played Vivien Harmon, who relocates with her family to California after a series of tragic marital and family issues. Unfortunately for The Harmons, the new house they purchase quickly reveals itself to be haunted. For this role she was nominated for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie in 2012. Britton had stated when she wrapped American Horror Story she would be taking a couple of months off to be with her new adopted son, but that she would then begin to re-focus on developing her FX drama collaboration with David O. Russell, but the project went into "development hell".

2012–present: Continued success
On March 6, 2012, Britton signed on to star in and produce the ABC/CMT musical drama series, Nashville created by Academy Award winner Callie Khouri. The series ran on ABC and CMT for six seasons from October 10, 2012, to July 26, 2018. She played Rayna Jaymes, a 40-year-old renowned country singer whose stardom is beginning to fade. Britton's performance received critical praise,  and she was nominated for a fourth time for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama for the first time for this role. Britton, for her part, said that the most nerve-wracking part of her role, at least in the beginning, was the singing the role requires of her. The show was cancelled in May 2016 by ABC. However, in June 2016, CMT picked up the series for a fifth season. In February 2017, Britton left Nashville during the fifth season, but returned for the series finale in July 2018 as a guest star.

In 2012, Britton co-starred opposite Edward Burns in the comedy-drama The Fitzgerald Family Christmas. The film was met with positive reviews from critics. That same year, she had co-starred in the comedy-drama Seeking a Friend for the End of the World opposite Steve Carell and Keira Knightley.

In 2013, Britton co-starred opposite Aubrey Plaza in the comedy The To Do List, where she played the mother of Plaza's character. Britton returned to Austin, Texas, where Friday Night Lights was filmed, to co-star opposite Harry Connick Jr. and fellow actors and musicians Willie Nelson, Lyle Lovett and Kris Kristofferson in the Christmas family drama Angels Sing. In 2014, Britton co-starred opposite Adam Driver as a cougar therapist in the comedy-drama This Is Where I Leave You, based on Jonathan Tropper's 2009 best-selling novel.

In 2015, she co-starred opposite Thomas Mann, RJ Cyler and Olivia Cooke in the comedy-drama Me and Earl and the Dying Girl, directed by Alfonso Gomez-Rejon, and based on Jesse Andrews' 2012 novel of the same name, a wry coming-of-age story about Greg (Mann), a teenage oddball forced to befriend Rachel (Cooke), a classmate with leukemia. She played Greg's mother. That same year, she co-starred in the action comedy American Ultra opposite Jesse Eisenberg and Kristen Stewart; Sharon Stone had originally been cast in her part.

In 2016, Britton reunited with American Horror Story creator Ryan Murphy in his miniseries American Crime Story: The People v. O.J. Simpson as Faye Resnick. In 2017, guest starred as Ally in the Showtime comedy series SMILF. Also in 2017, Britton starred in the comedy-drama film Beatriz at Dinner and the biographical drama Professor Marston and the Wonder Women. In 2018, she co-starred in the comedy-drama film The Land of Steady Habits.

Also in 2018, Britton starred as emergency dispatcher Abby Clark in the first season of the Fox procedural drama 9-1-1, her third collaboration with Ryan Murphy. The same year, she returned to American Horror Story for the eighth season, Apocalypse, reprising her role as Vivien Harmon. She also co-starred opposite Eric Bana as Debra Newell in the Bravo true crime anthology series Dirty John, for which she received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film. In 2019, she played Roger Ailes' wife in the drama film, Bombshell. Her later film credits include Promising Young Woman (2020), Joe Bell (2020), Breaking (2022), and Luckiest Girl Alive (2022).

Britton starred as Nicole Mossbacher in the first season of HBO anthology series, The White Lotus in 2021, receiving Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie nomination (lost to her co-star Jennifer Coolidge). In 2023, she reunited with Friday Night Lights showrunner Jason Katims in the Apple TV+ drama series, Dear Edward based on the novel of the same name by Ann Napolitano. Also in 2023, Britton will appear in the dark comedy film Winner playing the role of Reality Winner's mother.

Personal life
Britton uses her married name as her stage name. She met investment banker John Britton at Alpha Delta House at Dartmouth College. They moved to Manhattan together in 1989, married on October 5, 1991, and divorced in 1995.

While at Dartmouth in the late 1980s, Britton studied Chinese and lived for a summer in Beijing with future US Senator Kirsten Gillibrand. In a 2012 interview on NPR, Britton said of the experience: "I always wanted to be an actor. But when I went to college, I had to fulfill a language requirement and so I thought it would be really cool to do it speaking Chinese. My Chinese these days is real, real shaky. Let's put it this way: these days, my singing is better than my Chinese."

In November 2011, Britton adopted a son from Ethiopia. Britton moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 2012 when she signed to star in the ABC/CMT musical drama Nashville. In January 2023, Britton confirmed an ongoing three-year relationship with television producer David Windsor.

Politics
Britton is a supporter of the Democratic Party. She publicly supported Hillary Clinton in the 2016 United States presidential election and opposed the candidacy of Donald Trump. Britton endorsed U.S. Senator Kirsten Gillibrand, her college roommate at Dartmouth, in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries and appeared with her at campaign events. She also backed Alabama Democrat Doug Jones for the U.S. Senate in 2017.

On April 2, 2014, Britton became the 10th Goodwill Ambassador of the United Nations Development Programme, the anti-poverty agency of the UN. She joins celebrities such as Antonio Banderas, Maria Sharapova, Zinedine Zidane and Ronaldo in the role of UNDP Goodwill Ambassador. She focuses her advocacy efforts on eradicating extreme poverty, fighting exclusion and empowering women.

In June 2016, the Human Rights Campaign released a video in tribute to the victims of the Orlando nightclub shooting; in the video, Britton and others told the stories of the people killed there.

Britton encouraged Twitter followers who planned to vote in Georgia's 2021 U.S. Senate races to make sure their ID met the state's requirements, listing valid forms of ID and citing VoteRiders as a resource for questions or help.

Singles

 * ADid not enter the Hot 100 but charted on Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles.

title: Connie Britton


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Paul Sharp (2nd nomination)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was already SPEEDY DELETED as recreation of deleted article. Postdlf 05:03, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Paul Sharp (2nd nomination)
Vanity. For the first discussion see this. --Neigel von Teighen 21:19, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Richard Millington

Richard Millington is a British birder and bird artist. He lives in Cley-next-the-Sea, Norfolk with his wife Hazel.

He is assistant editor of Birding World magazine. His contributions to that journal include many articles on bird identification. He also runs Birdline, a telephone information service containing news of rare birds.

Richard Millington is also a twitcher. He is one of a small number of birders who have seen over 500 species in Britain. He also found the UK's first Rock Sparrow at Cley on 14 June 1981, still the only record in the UK. In 1980 he undertook a yearlist, at a time when this form of twitching was still in its infancy, seeing 300 species of bird in the wild in Britain throughout the course of the year, and his illustrated book A Twitcher's Diary catalogues his birding travels during that year.

title: Richard Millington


text:
Help:Keyboard shortcuts

The MediaWiki software contains many keyboard shortcuts. You can use them to access certain features of Wikipedia more quickly.

Using access keys
An access key allows a computer user to immediately jump to a specific part of a web page via the keyboard. On Wikipedia, access keys allow you to do a lot more—protect a page, show page history, publish your changes, show preview text, and so on. See the next section for the full list.

Most web browsers require holding down one or two modifier keys to use an access key. Different web browsers invoke access keys in different ways. Please use the list below to determine the appropriate key combination for your browser and system:

Sortable list
Currently, in the a–z range, only  and   remain unassigned. ,,   are assigned to multiple functions, depending on the context.

Display access keys
By modifying your user CSS file, access key shortcuts can be displayed before internal links on any Wikipedia page.

Accessibility of access keys
Keyboard shortcuts, in the way they are implemented on Wikipedia, are useful for some users with disabilities and do not require JavaScript to work. At the same time, they are bothersome for some screen reader users because it interferes with the shortcuts of their screen reader. The best solution would be to have customizable keyboard shortcuts.

The accessibility of keyboard shortcuts (access keys) is a complicated matter. This feature, in its current implementation, was temporarily abandoned in WCAG 2.0, notably because it conflicts with the shortcuts of assistive technologies. Usage of access keys is currently discouraged in the online contents and applications.

But presence of access keys is also an Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) requirement—the ATAG approach is particularly relevant in Wikipedia's case—where this matter is looked into thoroughly. In particular, ATAG requires the possibility to customize shortcuts. This should be requested in T2477.

Currently, their presence in Wikipedia's interface can be problematic for some users and can be useful for others. But more importantly, it misleads developers into thinking that the interface is keyboard accessible. Requirements that need to be fulfilled for a website to be keyboard accessible are not related to keyboard shortcuts (G90, F42, SCR35, F58, F61).

Known issues: Gadgets which block keyboard shortcuts

 * Gadget wikEd blocks keyboard shortcuts on Google Chrome and Firefox.

User scripts that modify keyboard shortcuts
Some user scripts allow you to add more keyboard shortcuts for various actions or customize existing ones:
 * – The "U" keyboard shortcut now navigates up one subpage level.
 * – The "D" keyboard shortcut now edits the section you're hovering over.
 * – The "I" keyboard shortcut now opens the "Page information" link in your sidebar.
 * – Custom keyboard shortcuts to go to any page.
 * - The "?" keyboard shortcut now overlays a list of all keyboard shortcuts available on the current page.

Disabling access keys
A gadget exists that may be enabled to remove access key functionality. This may be opted in to using Special:Preferences

title: Help:Keyboard shortcuts


text:
Dunvegan-Central Peace

Dunvegan-Central Peace was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first-past-the-post method of voting from 2004 to 2012.

Following the Alberta electoral boundary re-distribution of 2004, Dunvegan was the only division with a population of less than 75% the provincial average, with its recorded population of 24,202. It is thus formally designated as a special consideration division, as opposed to a standard rural division. Because of its isolation, the constituency meets criteria in the Albertan election laws allowing for this discrepancy. Until 2004, the district of Dunvegan, with almost the same boundaries.

The constituency laid on the border with British Columbia. Major towns include Fairview, Falher, Grimshaw and Spirit River. The riding contained a large agricultural industry based on cattle farming, the border closure to live beef hurt the riding.

Peace River borders to the north and east. Lesser Slave Lake borders to the east. Grande Prairie Smoky and Grande Prairie Wapiti border to the south. Peace River South borders to the west in British Columbia

Electoral history
The electoral district of Dunvegan-Central peace was created from Dunvegan in the 2003 electoral boundary re-distribution. The first election in the new district was hotly contested between Progressive Conservative Hector Goudreau and Dale Lueken from the Alberta Alliance.

Lueken and Goudreau would face each other again in the 2008 general election. Goudreau easily held his seat and gained popular vote against Leuken. The construction of a nuclear power plant became a significant issue in that race.

The Dunvegan-Central Peace electoral district was dissolved following the 2010 electoral boundary re-distribution to form Dunvegan-Central Peace-Notley.

2004
Voters had the option of selecting four candidates on the ballot

2004 student vote results
On November 19, 2004, a student vote was conducted at participating Alberta schools to parallel the 2004 Alberta general election results. The vote was designed to educate students and simulate the electoral process for persons who have not yet reached the legal majority. The vote was conducted in 80 of the 83 provincial electoral districts with students voting for actual election candidates. Schools with a large student body that reside in another electoral district had the option to vote for candidates outside of the electoral district then where they were physically located.

title: Dunvegan-Central Peace


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Glanville fritillary

The Glanville fritillary (Melitaea cinxia) is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is named for the naturalist who discovered it and the checkerboard pattern on its wings. These butterflies live in almost all of Europe, especially Finland, and in parts of northwest Africa. They are absent from the far north of Europe and parts of the Iberian Peninsula. To the east they are found across the Palearctic (in Turkey, Russia, northern Kazakhstan, and Mongolia).

It has been discovered that this butterfly only mates one time in June or July and lays its eggs. It does not provide any protection to these eggs or care for the offspring. As adults, the Glanville fritillaries are short-lived; they spend most of their lives as caterpillars. As caterpillars, Glanville fritillaries enter a stage of diapause, which is a period of suspended development, during the winter time.

The spiked speedwell and ribwort plantain are the Glanville fritillary's preferred plants to lay eggs and to eat as larvae. Female butterflies will show a preference for one plant species over the other when deciding where to lay their eggs, but the caterpillars have no preference once they hatch. After entering the adult phase the fritillaries feed on nectar of the spiked speedwell and ribwort plantain, among others.

This species of butterfly is at risk of population decline because it is not a migratory species. Though widespread, populations in Finland are at risk because they are not able to travel great distances as easily as other species, such as monarchs, if their environment should suddenly become unsuitable.

Taxonomy
The word fritillary refers to the checkered pattern of the butterfly's wings, which comes from the Latin word fritillus which means "dicebox". The name "Glanville" comes from the naturalist who discovered it, Lady Eleanor Glanville, who was an eccentric 17th- and 18th-century English butterfly enthusiast – a very unusual occupation for a woman at that time. She was the first to capture British specimens in Lincolnshire during the 1690s. A contemporary wrote"This fly took its name from the ingenious Lady Glanvil, whose memory had like to have suffered for her curiosity. Some relations that was disappointed by her Will, attempted to let it aside by Acts of Lunacy, for they suggested that none but those who were deprived of their senses, would go in Pursuit of butterflies."

- Moses Harris, 1776

Geographic range and habitat
The Glanville fritillary is found across Europe and temperate Asia. It is most commonly found on Åland (Finland), which host a network of about 4,000 dry meadows, the fritillary's ideal habitat. These butterflies commonly inhabit open grassland at an elevation of 0 - 2000 m above sea level.

Glanville fritillaries in the UK
In the UK the Glanville fritillary occurs only on soft undercliff and chine grassland and where its main larval food plant Plantago lanceolata (English plantain) occurs in abundance on sheltered, south facing slopes. The Glanville fritillary is a highly restricted species within the UK, being confined to the Isle of Wight and even there being largely limited to the southern coast. It also occurs in the Channel Islands, and since 1990 there has been a mainland site on the Hampshire coast, possibly the result of an introduction. There are small introduced populations on the Somerset coast and two in Surrey: one near Wrecclesham, and one at a nature reserve in Addington, near Croydon.

Historic UK records suggest a distribution which went as far north as Lincolnshire. However, by the middle of the 19th century the Glanville fritillary was known only from the Isle of Wight and the coast of Kent between Folkestone and Sandwich. It became extinct in Kent by the mid-1860s.

Description
Melitaea cinxia has a wingspan of about 33 - 40 mm. These medium-sized butterflies have orange, black, and white "checkerspot" forewings. On the upper side of the hindwings they have a row of black dots. The hindwings have white and orange bands and a series of black dots inside them, also clearly visible on the reverse. Females are usually more dull than males with more developed black dots. In Seitz it is described - M. cinxia L. (65 e, f). Above uniformly pale yellowish red, marked with black, somewhat recalling a chess-board, the white fringes being checkered. A row of heavy black dots in the submarginal row of spots on the hindwing is characteristic. Excepting the pale yellow black-dotted apex, the forewing beneath uniformly reddish leather-yellow, with dispersed blackspots, which vary in number. The species though of wide distribution, has not developed into many races.

Caterpillars are about 25 mm long with a reddish-brown head and a spiny black body with small white dots.

Melitaea cinxia is rather similar to the heath fritillary (Melitaea athalia), but the beige and orange bands on the underwings are distinctive. Moreover, the latter one has no spots on the upperside of the hindwings.

Caterpillars
After hatching, Glanville fritillary caterpillars live in gregarious sibling groups. They feed on their host plant, either Plantago lanceolata (ribwort plantain) or Veronica spicata (spiked speedwell). Adult females prefer one plant over the other when choosing where to lay their eggs, but the larvae do not have a feeding preference for either plant when they are born.

Spiked speedwell Defense
As an attempt to fend off predators and parasitoids, the spiked speedwell emits volatile organic compounds (VOCs) when threatened. Some researchers found that this plant species has two different defenses for when it is being fed on and when a butterfly is in oviposition. The oviposition of the butterfly on this plant was able to induce the increase of two ketones (6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and t-geranylacetone) and the suppression of green leaf volatiles (GLVs).

Adults
Adult Glanville fritillaries have a diet that consists solely of nectar. It has been shown that larvae with higher amounts of iridoid glycosides have better defense against parasitoids and bacterial pathogens.

Mating
Adult Glanville fritillaries take flight, mate, and lay their eggs from June to early July. During this time it has been found that females only mate once. Females also tend to mate in their natal groups before dispersing with a mate to lay their eggs in a different population. This dispersal helps induce genetic flow between populations on the fragmented meadows of the Åland Islands.

Life cycle (egg, caterpillar, pupa, adult)
A female Glanville fritillary will lay as many as 10 clutches of eggs in her lifetime. These clutches can range in size from 50 up to 300 eggs and are laid on the underside of the larval food plant of either Plantago lanceolata (ribwort plantain) or Veronica spicata (spiked speedwell). After hatching, the caterpillars feed on their host plants until the end of the summer where they spin a "winter nest" to diapause. When winter is over they emerge from their nest to feed again before pupating around the beginning of May. A month later, the adult fritillaries emerge and go about their adult lives of feeding, mating, and laying eggs.

Clutch size
In the Glanville fritillary, clutch size is highly important as larval survival depends on groups size. Thus, understanding the different factors that contribute to clutch size is important in developing an understanding of population dynamics and life cycle.

Clutch size is inversely related to the size of the clutches previously laid, meaning that the more eggs a female lays in years prior, the fewer eggs will be in the present clutch. Further, it is known that clutch sizes decrease with the age of the female. This is thought to be due to resource depletion over time in the female, potentially from high investment in earlier clutches.

Clutch size also increases with increased intervals between oviposition. Typical Glanville fritillary oviposition occurs once every two days.

PGI genotypes
Glanville fritillary females vary in their PGI, a glycolytic enzyme, genotype. The genotype of the female influences the time of day that she is active, which also influence her ability to lay larger clutches. Heterozygote females are able to operate earlier in the day compared to all other genotypes. Further, females with a Pgi-f allele are able to begin oviposition earlier in the day and are also able to lay larger clutch sizes. The Pgi-f allele contributes to a higher metabolic rate and the ability for females to take advantage of the climate of the early day - both of which factors allow for increased clutch size.

Parasites
Glanville fritillary eggs and pupae are often parasitized by several species of parasitoids. Two specialist species: And several generalist species: And has several hyperparasitoids
 * Cotesia melitaearum
 * Hyposoter horticola
 * Pterolmalus apum
 * Ichneumon gracilicornis
 * Pteromalus apum
 * Pteromalus puparum
 * Coelopisthia caledonica
 * Mesochorus stigmaticus (a specialist)
 * Gelis agilis
 * Gelis ruficornis
 * Gelis acarorum

Cotesia melitaearum
The parasitoid C. melitaearum can be extremely detrimental to Glanville fritillary populations if it is able to become well established. This species is able to increase its own parasitism if the fritillary population is also increasing in size and age, but will decrease if said population becomes isolated. Thus, in well established fritillary populations there is a risk of local extinction by the C. melitaearum parasitoid.

Subspecies
Subspecies include:
 * Melitaea cinxia cinxia
 * Melitaea cinxia amardea Grum-Grshimailo, 1895
 * Melitaea cinxia atlantis Le Cerf, 1928
 * Melitaea cinxia clarissa Staudinger, 1901
 * Melitaea cinxia heynei Rühl, 1895
 * Melitaea cinxia karavajevi Obraztsov, 1936
 * Melitaea cinxia oasis Huang & Murayama
 * Melitaea cinxia sacarina Fruhstorfer, 1917
 * Melitaea cinxia tschujaca Seitz, 1908

Migration Issues
As the global temperature of the Earth warms each year, many butterfly species are forced to shift northward in order to keep living in their preferred climates. Scientists have found that migratory species, such as monarch butterflies, are better able to adapt to the rising temperatures than sedentary species, such as Glanville fritillaries. Glanville fritillaries will migrate around the Åland Islands to different habitat patches, but they will not embark on great transcontinental seasonal migrations like other butterflies do. Because of this they are very susceptible to climate change, which is something to keep in mind when considering plans to aid in the conservation of this species.

Status
This butterfly is not currently listed as threatened in Europe, but its UK BAP status is Priority Species. The NERC act of England lists it as species of principal importance. Its Butterfly Conservation priority is high, so this is a butterfly likely to be increasingly threatened in the coming years.

Etymology
Cinxia (from Latin) - belted (cinctus - belt). The name reflects the appearance of the butterfly.

title: Glanville fritillary


text:
List of Cheers episodes

Cheers originally aired on NBC from September 30, 1982 to May 20, 1993. Over the series run, 275 original episodes aired, an average of 25 episodes per season. In the early 1990s, 20 volumes of VHS cassettes were released; each had three half-hour episodes. The whole series is available on multi-disc sets on DVD, two to four per season. The series is also available on iTunes, on Paramount+ and Seasons 1–4 are on Hulu.

Season 1 (1982–83)
(Note: DVD Season 1 Disc 1 of the box-set episodes are out of sequence. The  following is the correct airing order)

Ratings notes
According to Los Angeles Times, ratings from 1982 to 1983 were based on 83.3 million households with at least one television set. "Television Ratings" column list is located at Part VI, "Calendar" section. Below sources originated from Los Angeles Times, republished in microfilm copies, which may be located in your local library.
 * Season 1

Except where noted, they were originally published in print editions of The Miami Herald newspaper.
 * Season 2

According to Los Angeles Times, Nielsen ratings of 1984–85 were based on 84.9 million households.
 * Season 3

According to the Daily Breeze, a newspaper from Torrance, California, the 1985–86 ratings are based on 85.9 million households with at least one television.
 * Season 4

According to the 15 May 1987 article from The Argus-Press, the 1986-87 ratings were based on 87.4 million households with at least one television set. Unless otherwise, the sources were of the newspaper Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
 * Season 5

Unless otherwise, the main source of Nielsen ratings is the newspaper Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. According to that main source, ratings of 1987-88 were based on 88.6 million households that have at least one television.
 * Season 6

Unless otherwise, the main source of Nielsen ratings is the newspaper Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. According to that main source, ratings of 1988-89 were based on 90.4 million households that have at least one television.
 * Season 7

According to many newspapers, including the main source USA Today, the 1989–90 Nielsen ratings are based on 92.1 million households that have at least one television.
 * Season 8

title: List of Cheers episodes


text:
Plantronics Colorplus

The Plantronics Colorplus is a graphics card for IBM PC computers, first sold in 1982. It implements a superset of the then-current CGA standard, using the same monitor standard (4-bit digital TTL RGBI monitor) and providing the same pixel resolutions. It was produced by Frederick Electronics (of Frederick, Maryland), a subsidiary of Plantronics since 1968, and sold by Plantronics' Enhanced Graphics Products division.

The Colorplus has twice the memory of a standard CGA board (32k, compared to 16k). The additional memory can be used in graphics modes to double the color depth, giving two additional graphics modes—16 colors at resolution, or 4 colors at  resolution.

It uses the same Motorola MC6845 display controller as the previous MDA and CGA adapters.

The original card also includes a parallel printer port.

Output capabilities
CGA compatible modes:
 *  16 color mode (actual a text mode using,  ,   and  )
 *  in 4 colors from a 16 color hardware palette. Pixel aspect ratio of 1:1.2.
 *  in 2 colors. Pixel aspect ratio of 1:2.4
 *  with pixel font text mode (effective resolution of )
 *  with pixel font text mode (effective resolution of )

In addition to the CGA modes, it offers:
 *  with 16 colors
 *  with 4 colors
 * "New high-resolution" text font, selectable by hardware jumper

The "new" font was actually the unused "thin" font already present in the IBM CGA ROMs, with 1-pixel wide vertical strokes. This offered greater clarity on RGB monitors, versus the default "thick" / 2-pixel font more suitable for output to composite monitors and over RF to televisions but, contrary to Plantronics' advertising claims, was drawn at the same pixel resolution.

Software support
Few software made use of the enhanced Plantronics modes, for which there was no BIOS support.

A 1984 advertisement listed the following software as compatible:
 * Color-It
 * UCSD P-system
 * Peachtree Graphics Language
 * Business Graphics System
 * Graph Power
 * The Draftsman
 * Videogram
 * Stock View
 * GSX
 * CompuShow ( mode)

Some contemporary software has added support for Plantronics modes:

 * Planet X3, released by American YouTuber David "The 8-Bit Guy" Murray in 2019, was the first video game known to have Colorplus support ( with 16 colors). This support was added by Planet X3 enthusiast Benedikt Freisen.
 * Attack of the Petscii Robots by American YouTuber David "The 8-Bit Guy" in 2020, ported to MS-DOS computers with a graphics mode providing support for Plantronics Plus.
 * Benedikt Freisen produced updated drivers in 2021 that add Colorplus support to Sierra's adventure games that ran on Sierra's Creative Interpreter.
 * FastDoom, a port of Doom (1993 video game) developed by Victor Nieto, added support for ColorPlus with 16 colors mode in 2021.

Hardware clones
Some third-party CGA and EGA clones, such as the ATI Graphics Solution and the Paradise AutoSwitch EGA 480, could emulate the extra modes (usually describing them simply as 'Plantronics mode').

The Thomson TO16 (a PC-XT compatible) and the Olivetti M19 supported Plantronics modes, along with CGA.

title: Plantronics Colorplus


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Matt Rutledge

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was already SPEEDY DELETED as nonsense. Postdlf 05:04, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Matt Rutledge
Delete, the entire story is straight out of the Simpsons, renaming Mr. Burns as Matt Rutledge. WP:DP says hoaxes go to VfD, so here we are.FreplySpang (talk) 21:23, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete... unoriginal author even copied/pasted the C._Montgomery_Burns article! --Gunmetal 21:25, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hoax. —Cleared as filed. 21:40, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete clearly a hoax. - Forbsey 22:47, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Hoax. royblumy 00:05, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as duplicate content. --Scimitar 23:11, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, speedy if consistent with policy. -WCFrancis 02:53, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete no comment!--Peterloud 14:02, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Killick Erik Hinds

VFD results
This article has survived a VFD nomination with the result of No consensus. --Allen3 talk 21:23, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Killick Erik Hinds


text:
Girl 6 (disambiguation)

Girl 6 may refer to:
 * Girl 6, a 1996 film by Spike Lee
 * Girl 6 (album), the soundtrack for the film, composed by Prince
 * “Girl 6” (song), the title song for the soundtrack

title: Girl 6 (disambiguation)


text:
Steve Gantlett

Stephen J. M. Gantlett is a British birder. He lives with his wife Sue in Cley-next-the-Sea, Norfolk. A qualified optician, SJMG retired from this profession in 1982 to become a full-time ornithologist.

He was the editor of Birding World magazine until it ceased production in January 2014. He also co-runs Birdline, a telephone information service containing news of rare birds, with Richard Millington.

Steve Gantlett is a twitcher. He is one of a small number of birders who have seen over 500 species in Britain.

He is a former member of the British Birds Rarities Committee.

Gantlett's specialism as an ornithologist is the advancement of bird identification. Among the areas of knowledge in which Gantlett has played a key role are the identification of orange-billed terns. He also found the UK's first Rock Sparrow at Cley on 14 June 1981 (with Richard Millington), still the only record in the UK. He has published papers on this subject in Birding World and in British Birds.

title: Steve Gantlett


text:
Sapporo Station

Sapporo Station (札幌駅) is a major railway station in Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. It is served by Hakodate Main Line and other lines of Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido), and is also connected to the Subway Sapporo Station.

Sapporo Station is the starting point and terminus for most limited express services operated by JR Hokkaido. It also has the tallest building (JR Tower) in Hokkaido. Sapporo station is developing into a commercial center as large as Ōdōri Park and Susukino.

Lines and trains
The following JR Hokkaido lines and trains pass through or terminate at Sapporo Station:

Hakodate Main Line
 * Okhotsk limited express (Sapporo – Abashiri)
 * Sōya limited express (Sapporo – Wakkanai)
 * Kamui limited express (Sapporo – Asahikawa)
 * Lilac limited express (Sapporo – Asahikawa)
 * Niseko Liner rapid (Rankoshi, Kutchan – Sapporo)

(Gakuen Toshi Line)
 * Hokuto limited express (Hakodate – Sapporo)
 * Ōzora limited express (Sapporo – Kushiro)
 * Tokachi limited express (Sapporo – Obihiro)
 * Suzuran limited express (Muroran – Sapporo)
 * Airport semi-rapid (New Chitose Airport – Sapporo)
 * Airport rapid (New Chitose Airport – Sapporo – Otaru)
 * Airport special rapid (New Chitose Airport – Sapporo – Otaru)

Layout
Sapporo Station consists of five platforms that are raised above street level. These raised platforms serve 10 tracks which run in an east–west direction. Two concourses run north–south below the platforms. It has a commercial facility called Paseo under the ground and JR Tower on the south side of the station. The station is also planned to become a new high-rise building and a terminal station of the Hokkaido Shinkansen that is scheduled to open in Spring 2031.

On 16 October, 2022, due to construction of the Hokkaido Shinkansen extension to Sapporo, Platform 11 opened for passengers while Platform 1 was discontinued. The new platform can accommodate trains up to six cars long.

History
Sapporo Station opened on 28 November 1880 as a terminus of the Horonai Railway. A new station building was built in 1881 and it was enlarged as Sapporo developed. In 1908, the station building was rebuilt because of a fire in 1907. The restored building can be found in the Historical Village of Hokkaido in Nopporo Forest Park.

The third reconstruction was finished in 1951 and the Sapporo Subway was opened in 1971. An underground shopping center was started in 1972, and a commercial building was opened on the east side of the station in 1978.

With the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR Hokkaido.

The current building was built in 2003.

Overnight sleeping car trains Cassiopeia, Hokutosei, and Hamanasu served the station prior to their discontinuation.

Surrounding area

 * ST Logo.svg Subway Sapporo Station
 * Sapporo station Bus Terminal
 * (to Hakodate)
 * Hokkaido Development Bureau building
 * Hokkaido University
 * Hokkaido Police Headquarters
 * Sapporo Central Post Office
 * Sapporo 1 building, (Sapporo Government Office building)
 * Sapporo agricultural cooperative association (JA Sapporo), Chuo branch
 * Sapporo JR Tower
 * Sapporo Stellar Place, shopping mall
 * Daimaru store, Sapporo branch
 * Sapporo Cinema Frontier
 * Sapporo Esta, shopping center
 * Tokyu Department Store, Sapporo branch
 * Asty 45, building
 * PASEO, shopping center
 * APIA, shopping center
 * Hotel New Otani Sapporo

Highway buses

 * Iwamizawa; For Iwamizawa Station
 * Mikasa; For Iwamizawa Station and Mikasa
 * Bibai; For Bibai Station
 * Furano; For Iwamizawa, Sunagawa, Higashi-Takikawa Station, Akabira Station, Ashibetsu Station, and Furano Station
 * Kuriyama; For Kurisawa Station and Kuriyama Station
 * Yubari; For Kuriyama Station, Shikanotani Station, and Yūbari Station
 * Takikawa; For Takikawa Station
 * Shintotsukawa; For Takikawa and Shintotsukawa
 * Rumoi; For Takikawa, Fukagawa, and Rumoi Station
 * Asahikawa; For Asahikawa Station
 * Engaru; For Shirataki and Engaru Station
 * Nayoro; For Wassamu Station, Kenbuchi, Shibetsu, Fūren Station, and Nayoro Station
 * Ryuhyo Monbetsu; For Takinoue and Monbetsu
 * Haboro; For Mashike Station, Rumoi Station, Obira, Tomamae, Haboro, Shosanbetsu, Enbetsu, Teshio, and Toyotomi Station
 * Muroran/Muroran Soccer/Hakucho; For Noboribetsu Station, Higashi-Muroran Station, and Muroran Station
 * Tomakomai/Haskap; For Tomakomai Station and Tomakoma Ferry Terminal
 * Hakodate; For Yakumo, Mori, Nanai Station, Goryōkaku Station, Hakodate Station, and Yunokawa Onsen
 * Pegasus; For Mukawa, Tomikawa Station, Kiyohata Station, Shizunai Station, Hidaka-mitsuishi Station, and Urakawa Station
 * Hidaka; For Mukawa, Tomikawa Station, Biratori, and Hidaka
 * Date Liner; For Datemombetsu Station
 * Otaru; For Otaru-Chikkō Station, Otaru Station
 * Yoichi; For Ranshima Station, Yoichi Station, Umekawa, and Toyohama
 * Shakotan; For Ranshima Station, Yoichi, Furubira, and Shakotan
 * Iwanai; For Rashima, Yoichi, Kyōwa, and Iwanai
 * Niseko; For Otaru Station, Yoichi, Niki, Kyowa, Kutchan, and Niseko
 * Hiroo Santa; For Urakawa and Hiroo
 * Erimo; For Hidaka-horobetsu Station, Samani Station, and Erimo
 * Starlight Kushiro; For Shiranuka Station, Otanoshike Station, and Kushiro Station

title: Sapporo Station


text:
David Carson (director)

David Carson is a British director of television and film.

Career
Carson's first work in directing was in the British theatre scene and on British television. He directed an episode of the British soap opera Coronation Street. Carson sought to move to the United States in order to work in the American film scene, and prior to travelling, his agent arranged an interview for him with the producers of Star Trek: The Next Generation. However, he had never heard of Star Trek, and at his agent's suggestion, he rented some videos in order to conduct research. Once in the United States, he met with Rick Berman and David Livingston and was hired to direct the episode "The Enemy".

The producers liked the different British style of directing and scene blocking that Carson brought to the set, as it was a style that the show hadn't previously used. He was subsequently brought back for another episode, but when he arrived for the first of eight days of preparation he was told that Whoopi Goldberg was available, and so they would like him to direct one of the scripts that she appeared in. This turned out to be "Yesterday's Enterprise", which was developed from an outline to script during the eight days of preparation prior to shooting. His other episodes of TNG included "The Next Phase" and the second part of "Redemption". He was approached by Rick Berman to direct the opening episode of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, "Emissary". He later explained that there was some apprehension prior to the launch of the series because it was the first without Gene Roddenberry, the producer. Carson had to ensure that he stayed within the pilot's budget, and to deal with the differences between TNG and DS9 while ensuring that it appealed to the fans. His other Deep Space Nine episodes included "Dax", "Move Along Home" and "The Alternate".

Carson's final work for Star Trek was his first feature film, and the first film in which the TNG characters appeared, Star Trek Generations. During the making of the film, he fought for the death of James T. Kirk to be changed from the original scripted version as he felt that it was "ignominious". Following the poor scores the scene received at public test screenings, the ending was re-written and Carson led the re-filming at the original location. His directing work on Generations inspired cast member Jonathan Frakes to seek to direct the following Star Trek movie, Star Trek: First Contact.

After his work on the Star Trek franchise, he worked on the miniseries The 10th Kingdom, as well as shows such as Smallville and One Tree Hill. Whilst on The 10th Kingdom, he worked alongside fellow director Herbert Wise as the series was filmed for six days a week for six months. He returned to his homeland in 2000, to film In His Life: The John Lennon Story. In 2002, he directed an adaptation of Stephen King's novel Carrie. During the same year, he was also executive producer for the pilot of Odyssey 5, which had been written by Manny Coto, former showrunner of Star Trek: Enterprise.

Filmography
Film
 * Star Trek Generations (1994)
 * Letters from a Killer (1998)
 * Unstoppable (2004)

TV movies

TV series

title: David Carson (director)


text:
Cutis

Cutis may refer to several unrelated biological structures:

 * Cutis (anatomy), the outermost layers of skin
 * Cutis (mycology), a type of pileipellis in a fungus

Other

 * Cutis (journal), an academic journal of dermatology published by Frontline Medical Communications
 * Cutiş, a village in Almașu Commune, Sălaj County, Romania

title: Cutis


text:
Heath fritillary

The heath fritillary (Mellicta athalia) is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found throughout the Palaearctic from western Europe to Japan, in heathland, grassland, and in coppiced woodland. Its association with coppiced woodland earned it the name "woodman's follower" in parts of the UK. It is considered a threatened species in the UK and Germany, but not Europe-wide or globally.

Description
Heath fritillaries have a wingspan of 39–47 mm. The upperside is predominantly dark brown and orange brown, with the orange-brown spots delineated by dark brown (along and across the wing veins); there is a white fringe to the wings through which the dark brown extends. The upperside of the body is a similar dark brown to the colour on the wing, and the base of both wings is dark brown. The underside shows bands of red and (off-)white, again with each vein dark brown and each colour delineated by dark brown. The pattern of white spots at the base of the hindwing (visible at rest) is diagnostic for identification.

These wing patterns are very similar to the appearance of Melitaea cinxia. However, the dark brown bands on underside of the wings are more distinct in the heath fritillary than in M. cinxia.

Range
The heath fritillary ranges throughout the Palaearctic region from western Europe to Japan. In Europe, it is absent from Iceland, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, southern Portugal, southern Spain, the Mediterranean islands and southern Greece.

In the UK, it is restricted to Cornwall and Devon grasslands (abandoned hay meadows); Exmoor (heathland); and Kent and Essex (coppiced woodland on acid soils). The populations in Essex are the result of reintroductions, and further reintroductions are ongoing in various other parts of the UK. In the late 1990s, the species was estimated to occupy just 0.2% within the 10-km grid squares over the whole of its UK range.

Its altitudinal range is from sea level to 2600 m.

Status
Heath fritillary is not listed on the IUCN Red List, suggesting that globally it is not considered threatened. In the UK, however, the species was "considered to be the most endangered British butterfly" after a nationwide survey in 1980 found only 31 surviving colonies. Consequently, it was given protection under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. Despite subsequent widespread efforts to conserve and manage the species' habitats, it has continued to decline: distribution has declined 25% since the 1970s, and abundance-wise it declined by 46% in the 10 years 1995–2004. Woodland sites in Kent and Essex are actively managed (coppiced) for the conservation of this species. It has been a "high priority" species in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan since 1995 and has its own Species Action Plan.

Heath fritillary is also on the "Red List" in Germany.

However, the species is considered of "least concern" on a European scale.

Habitat
Within Europe, the heath fritillary occupies a diversity of grassy, flowery habitats—dry or damp, upland or lowland, with or without shrubs or trees, including woodland clearings and heathland.

More specifically, in England, this species occupies three distinct habitats:

 * Unimproved grassland with abundant short (5–15 cm) or sparse swards of ribwort plantain or germander speedwell (or both) on stony soils – sometimes in the form of abandoned hay meadows
 * Sheltered heathland with common cow-wheat scattered among bilberry-dominated vegetation – valleys with mineral soils
 * Coppiced woodland (especially in clearings) with common cow-wheat on acid soils.

In France, this species also occurs on unimproved hay meadows and pastures.

Conservation projects
The Wilder Blean project, headed up by the Wildwood Trust and Kent Wildlife Trust, is introducing European bison to the UK for the first time in 6000 years. Their actions create open, light-flooded patches that encourage the growth of cow wheat. The herd of 3 females and 1 male will be set free in 2022 within a 2,500-acre conservation area in Blean Woods near Canterbury.

Habits
Heath fritillaries typically fly close to the ground, with characteristic "flits" and glides. Colonies tend to be compact, centred on favoured breeding areas. Heath fritillaries are highly sedentary for the most part, adults rarely moving more than 100 m; however, some have been recorded dispersing up to 2 km. For a species of often short-lived habitats, it has remarkably limited colonizing ability; suitable habitats over 600 m from an existing colony are colonized slowly.

Egg
The female heath fritillary lays its eggs (or ova) in batches of (15–)80–150 on the underside of leaf of a larval food plant or on a plant adjacent to the larval food plant.

Eggs are oval spheroids with flattened bases, about 0.5 mm high. They are ribbed (longitudinally, i.e. from top to bottom) and striated (transversely, i.e. around the egg). Pale cream when laid, eggs darken to pale yellow within two days, and then dark grey a few days before hatching. Eggs mature in two to three weeks.

Caterpillar
Upon emergence, first-instar caterpillars (or larvae) eat their eggshells. The caterpillars from a clutch initially stay together, feeding in a small, unobtrusive web. Second or third instar caterpillars disperse into smaller groups. Then the third instars tend to feed and rest solitarily; they rest beneath dead leaves at night and during bad weather. The caterpillar hibernates for the winter in a hibernaculum, made from a curled dead leaf by spinning its edges together. Hibernacula are usually close to the ground. Although most caterpillars hibernate singly, they sometimes group in twos and threes, although 15 to 20 caterpillars have been found in single hibernaculum.

Caterpillars re-emerge in early spring. When it is warm, they feed a little, but most of the time is spent basking in the sun. There are six instars in total. The full-grown sixth instar caterpillar is 22–25 mm long, and predominantly black; it has pale (yellow-orange) spines and (greyish-white) spots.

Pupa
The pupae are 12.4–12.8 cm long and last 15–25 days (early May to late June in the UK). They are white with black and orange-brown blotches. Pupae are usually found close to the ground in or beneath dead leaves.

A study in Cornwall, England, recorded mortality rates in the region of 50%, mostly from predation by small mammals, but including predation by beetles, and parasitism.

Imago
Imagines probably live for 5–10 days. Males are active on warm sunny days. Females mate once shortly after emerging; they lay their eggs only during warm weather, spending most of the time either basking or hiding in vegetation.

Flight period
Across its range (see "Subspecies and variation" below), subspecies M. a. athalia shows a protracted flight period from mid-May to mid-August. In favourable localities and/or favourable seasons, a partial second brood has been recorded from mid- or late August to September. In the UK, the flight period is from the end of May to the beginning of July (in the south-west) and early June to early August (in the south-east).

Fennoscandian subspecies M. a. norvegica flies in June–July, precise timing being affected by the season.

In southern Europe, subspecies M. a. celadussa flies in a single brood at high altitude in June and July. Below the subalpine level, however, it is bivoltine, flying in May–June and late July–August—except for f. nevadensis in the Sierra Nevada, which is univoltine.

Host plants
In the UK, the following species are used:

 * Common cow-wheat (Melampyrum pratense) – the only food plant in woodland, and principal food plant on heathland
 * Common foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) – secondary food plant on heathland
 * Ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) – major food plant on grassland
 * Germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys) – major food plant on grassland
 * Greater plantain (Plantago major) – secondary food plant
 * Ivy-leaved speedwell (Veronica hederifolia) – secondary food plant
 * Thyme-leaved speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia) – secondary food plant
 * Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) – secondary food plant

Additional host plants used elsewhere in Europe are:

 * Alpine plantain (Plantago alpina)
 * Mountain speedwell (Veronica montana)
 * Heath speedwell (Veronica officinalis)
 * Spiked speedwell (Veronica spicata)
 * Small cow-wheat (Melampyrum sylvaticum)
 * Rusty foxglove (Digitalis ferruginea)
 * Yellow foxglove (Digitalis lutea)
 * Common toadflax (Linaria vulgaris)

Subspecies and variation
Up to eight subspecies are recognized in Europe:

 * M. a. athalia – from the Atlantic coast to the Bosphorus (Turkey) (altitude 0–2200 m), excluding the ranges of the following subspecies
 * M. a. norvegica Aurivillius 1888 – Fennoscandia (altitude 0–800 m)
 * M. a. celadussa Frühstorfer 1910 – northern Iberia and the Sierra Nevada, southern France, southern Switzerland, Italy (including Sicily) (altitude 0–2600 m)
 * The transitional zone between subspecies athalia and celadussa is broad—up to 150 km in places

 * M. a. dictynnoides (Hormuzaki 1898) – south-west Europe?
 * M. a. lucifuga (Fruhstorfer 1917) – south-east Europe
 * M. a. reticulata Higgins 1955 – Altai
 * M. a. baikalensis (Bremer 1961) – southern Siberia to Amur?
 * M. a. hyperborea Dubatolov 1997 – Magadan, Kamchatka

Many forms and subspecies of M. a. athalia have been described, but are best regarded as "ecological variants" and intermediates in clinal variation. Bulgaria has f. boris Frühstorfer, with heavier marginal borders, alongside the typical nominate form.

In central Sweden and Finland, M. a. norvegica f. lachares Frühstorfer has finer black markings; transitional forms between f. lachares and typical M. a. norvegica occur in southern Sweden.

 * Melitaea athalia celadussa

In Portugal and north-west Spain, M. a. celadussa f. biedermanni Querci is larger than typical M. a. celadussa, with finer black lines in the outer half of the wing, but a thicker discal line; transitional forms occur in central west Spain. In Sierra Nevada, f. nevadensis Verity is golden yellow with fine black markings (it is also univoltine, whereas typical M. a. celadussa is bivoltine at low altitude). In "southern" Europe, f. tenuicola Verity occurs in late broods—it is small and its black markings reduced.

title: Heath fritillary


text:
Frank McIntosh

Frank Westbrook McIntosh (August 6, 1879 — July 4, 1951 ) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1932 to 1936, as a Liberal-Progressive representative. His father, John McIntosh, had served in the legislature as a Liberal from 1896 to 1899.

The younger McIntosh was born in Lorne Mills, Ontario, and educated in Manitou, Manitoba. His mother was Elizabeth Westbrook. He worked as a farmer, served on the municipal council for three years, and was reeve for the Rural Municipality of Pembina for seven years between 1921 and 1932. In 1930, he was awarded the "Master Farmer" diploma and medal.

He was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1932 provincial election, defeating Conservative incumbent Joseph Lusignan by 492 votes in Manitou constituency. The Liberal-Progressives won the election, and McIntosh served as a backbench supporter of John Bracken's government.

He was defeated in the 1936 election, losing to Conservative Hugh Morrison by 351 votes.

McIntosh died in Winnipeg at the age of 71.

title: Frank McIntosh


text:
Ical

Ical may refer to:

 * Calendar (Apple), Apple's personal calendar application, formerly called iCal
 * ical (Unix), a Tcl/tk calendar package
 * iCalendar, a standardised calendar data exchange standard
 * Aburizal Bakrie, a politician
 * ICaL an ionic current through the L-type calcium channel
 * International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, an academic conference

title: Ical


text:
Grande Prairie-Wapiti

Grande Prairie-Wapiti is a provincial electoral district in northwestern Alberta, Canada. It is one of 87 mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first past the post method of voting.

The electoral district was created in the 1993 boundary redistribution from the old Grande Prairie electoral district and significantly modified in the 2017 redistribution.

The district and its antecedent have been a stronghold for conservative candidates in recent decades. The representative for this district is United Conservative Ron Wiebe. Prior to 2023 the district was represented by Travis Toews who won election for the first time in 2017. To date there have been five representatives who have held the district.

The riding takes its name from the City of Grande Prairie and the Wapiti River.

Geography
While a predominantly rural riding, Grande Prairie-Wapiti includes a few neighbourhoods on the east side of the City of Grande Prairie (including Cobblestone, Countryside, Crystal Heights, Crystal Landing, Hillside, Ivy Lake, and Smith). Four small towns are also located in the riding - Beaverlodge, Hythe, Sexsmith, and Wembley. The bulk of the riding's area is made up of rural municipalities, including almost all of the County of Grande Prairie No. 1 and a portion of the Municipal District of Greenview No. 16.

The riding's Indigenous community includes the Horse Lake First Nation and the Wanyandie Flats East settlement of the unrecognized Aseniwuche Winewak Nation.

Grande Prairie-Wapiti surrounds the riding of Grande Prairie and borders Central Peace-Notley to the north and east and West Yellowhead to the south. The riding's western boundary is the Alberta-British Columbia border.

History
The electoral district was created in the 1993 boundary redistribution from the old Grande Prairie electoral district. It remained mostly unchanged in the 1997 and 2003 re-distributions. The Boundaries Commission proposed to abolish the district to create a completely urban Grande Prairie district but it changed its decision under public pressure. The 2010 distribution made minor changes to the border with Grande Prairie-Smoky in the city of Grande Prairie but stayed the same in the rural areas.

Electoral history
The electoral district was created in the 1993 boundary redistribution from the old Grande Prairie district. The first representative elected in 1993 was Progressive Conservative candidate Wayne Jaques. He won a hotly contested race over Liberal candidate Dwight Logan to pick up the new district for his party. Jaques was re-elected in the 1997 election with a much larger margin. He retired from provincial politics in 2001.

The second representative was Progressive Conservative was Gordon Graydon who won his first term in office in 2001 with a landslide over a field of five other candidates. He won a second term in the 2004 general election winning over half the popular vote. After the 2004 election Premier Ralph Klein appointed Graydon Minister of Gaming. He held that post until 2006. Graydon retired from provincial politics in 2008.

The third representative is current Progressive Conservative MLA is Wayne Drysdale who was elected in the 2008 election for the first time.

1993

 * }

1997

 * }

2001

 * }

2004

 * }

2015
{|class=wikitable !colspan=4|2015 Alberta general election redistributed results !colspan=2|Party !Votes !%

 * align=right|6,012
 * align=right|37.20

 * align=right|4,669
 * align=right|28.89

 * align=right|4,310
 * align=right|26.67

 * align=right|847
 * align=right|5.24

 * align=right|324
 * align=right|2.00

2004
Voters had the option of selecting four candidates on the ballot

2004
On November 19, 2004, a student vote was conducted at participating Alberta schools to parallel the 2004 Alberta general election results. The vote was designed to educate students and simulate the electoral process for persons who have not yet reached the legal majority. The vote was conducted in 80 of the 83 provincial electoral districts with students voting for actual election candidates. Schools with a large student body that reside in another electoral district had the option to vote for candidates outside of the electoral district then where they were physically located.

title: Grande Prairie-Wapiti


text: User talk:82.80.44.231

title: User talk:82.80.44.231