text:
Talk:Taepodong-2

Merger discussion for Taepodong-2
An article that you have been involved in editing—Taepodong-2—has been proposed for merging with another article. If you are interested, please participate in the merger discussion. Thank you. Extrapolaris (talk) 03:43, 24 February 2019 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I propose to merge Taepodong-2 into Unha. The name Taepodong-2 was applied by US intelligence agencies to what is known in North Korea as the Unha, and thanks to deployment of the Hwasong-15, it is clear that the Americans mistakenly assumed that the Taepodong-2 was a ballistic missile, given the all-out secrecy surrounding North Korea's missile programs. Moreover, the illustration in the infobox erroneously depicts the Taepodong-1 and Taepodong-2 with pointed tips, when in fact they had rounded domes. Extrapolaris (talk) 03:37, 24 February 2019 (UTC)Vahe Demirjian

U.S. goverment biased point-of-view presented as factual data
No technical data of this particular Korean-developed missile is verified, but at the same time the alleged nuclear payload directed exclusively to the United States of America is presented as a certainty.

I don't recall that the wiki entry of the U.S.'s Tomahawk cruise missile includes targeted countries as its main "description" in Wikipedia.

Also, mentioning Iran as a supplier, now that they're becoming the U.S. fashionable "enemy of the month", is reeking of political propaganda.

The missile is supposed to be based on the Taepodong-1 IRBM, which in turn is based on the Russian Scud "rocket". Didn't have to research that elsewhere, since all is listed on Wikipedia.

 * To solve this problem, its best to put two points of views on this subject, namely the US and North Korea's. However, seeing as the US makes its intentions and views public and not North Korea, the person cannot be blamed as it is the only source of facts available at the moment. Regarding the "propaganda" portion, it could be from newspaper reports, which are allowed as sources under Wikipedia's rule of citing sources. Unfortunately, the person who gave this information has not labelled his source. --Terrancommander 05:47, 25 June 2006 (UTC)
 * What is wrong with the data listed on fas.org and globalsecurity.org? Neither of them are governmental organizations. Baring any serious issue, we can simply replace the fact templates with links to the specifications here. -- Doctorbigtime
 * Added some references, and am eagerly awaiting comments on wether or not we should remove the not verified template. Doctorbigtime 16:28, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

I'm for removing it. This page is linked by news.com.au, and a big fat accuracy template doesn't do much to promote us. Even if this were not the case, there seem to be enough relaible references to back the article up. That, and the original complaint seems to be one of POV, not accuracy.--Iorek85 04:19, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

Current Event Tag?
There has been very much in the news about this missile, and I think that a current event tag may be sufficient. For example, it has been said that North Korea may test their missile tomorrow, Wednesday June 21.

TD-2 displayed?
The page had a note that said the TD-2 had been displayed at military parades. I'm pretty sure this is wrong, since it doesn't actually exist yet. See this blog entry for a nice explanation of this aspect of things, and why any pictures purporting to be a TD-2 are in fact, not. --Fastfission 17:37, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

That may have been wrong, but CNN wrote on 3 July 2006 that "Washington and Japan have said in recent weeks that spy satellite images show North Korea has taken steps to prepare a long-range Taepodong-2 missile for a test-launch." If they say it is a Taepodong-2, perhaps it does exist?

I am pretty sure that it exists, since they fired it today, among other missiles. They said it failed in mid-air, though. This story has all the details.--Chili14 (Talk) 22:50, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

The co-ordinates that are the suggested launch site are in the sea.

[As the person who wrote said blog post, the point was that the description "Taepodong 2" is an American term created as a placeholder to describe a missile "mockup" found near the placename Taep'odong -- there was no object to which to attach the placeholder until the North Koreans assembled one on the pad and launched it yesterday. Jeffrey Lewis]

 * Nice clarification. In any case, the image which was recently added here was a TD-1, as Lewis's blog points out, and not a TD-2. --Fastfission 18:04, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

One or many?
Is the TD-2 a type of missle, or is it a missle? How many are/were there? MUSICAL 13:53, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Look at the entry above. --Fastfission 18:04, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

The entry above makes it sound like there is only one missle with this name. But then, the article says "U.S. intelligence reported the launch of up to eight missiles, at least one of which was the long-range Taepodong-2". Is the TD-2 reusable? Was the one in the failed test destroyed? MUSICAL 20:19, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The one in the failed test landed in the ocean; I'd say it is probably destroyed. As for re-usable, who knows at this stage? Almost nothing is securely known about this thing. TD-2 is a placeholder for a model of missile representing a long-range successor to the TD-1. --Fastfission 21:33, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

Deployment 2004?
The current infobox lists the TD-2's deployment as 2004. Since the first prototype shot (a failure) was 2006, what is this supposed to indicate? --Fastfission 00:46, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I changed it to "not yet", since I can't think of any definition of "deployment" which would indicate that the TD-2 was deployed in 2004, or is even deployed at the moment. --Fastfission 20:08, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

Meaning in Korean
What does the word "Taepodong" mean in English? According to the daily show, it means "kind of penis." Is this true???-72.78.53.72 03:13, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

 * No, the Daily Show is a comedy show. It is joking that the name sounds like "Type-o-dong" in English. It means "large cannon" in Korean, apparently. --Fastfission 13:59, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

 * What's the evidence that Taepodong means "large cannon?" The hanja just look like its a toponym. AjaxSmack 20:06, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't know, I got it from this page. We should definitely have someone who knows Korean go over that. --Fastfission 20:27, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm korean. 'Tae(대,大)' means large and 'po(포,浦)' means near water. But it's a toponym.--Kk10009 (talk) 06:34, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

Just a thought, but perhaps they were trying to say/suggest "Heavy" not Large. Heavy Water is a euphemism for Radioactive materials used in Fission. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.150.203.83 (talk) 14:27, 9 September 2016 (UTC)

range
BBC news said that the range for the taepodong-2 missile that failed in july 2006 had a range of 6000KM

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/5152918.stm

the article does not state 6000KM, i don't want to correct something if i am wrong,

so what do you think? is the BBC wrong?

-Joe

 * The estimates for its range are all just estimates without much behind them at this point; it looks to me like the BBC is just averaging the US intelligence estimates (which are between 4000 and 10000 km). --Fastfission 17:26, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

 * There are too many references to Taepodong range that exceeds tested and reported capability. Comparing this junker to US or even Russian missiles is silly, because the range, accuracy, and payload capabilities are so different.  Actual capability should be reflected in the article.  No speculation.  Abe Froman 20:08, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed. We most certainly shouldn't list a range that the Taepodong-2, at least its current state, is completely incapable of achieving. It may have been intended to have a range of 4,000-10,000 km, but the failed test shows that North Korea will have to go back to the drawing board if they want to actually achieve that goal. — Red XIV (talk) 04:48, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

Contradiction?
Is the payload capacity "100-200 pounds" or "700–1000 kg"? --Pifactorial 20:31, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Only the short-range Taepodong's can carry the one ton payloads necessary to threaten neighbors with nuclear weapons. "The longer range almost certainly implies a reduced payload,"  probably of only 100-200 pounds at maximum range.  This payload wouldn't even carry Kim Jong Il to western Alaska, much less a crude multi-ton North Korean nuclear weapon.  Abe Froman 21:56, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Correction, 100-500 pounds payload at maximum range.  The US does not even make warheads that light.  Abe Froman 22:01, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Now that it says "At maximum range", I've removed the contradict template. --Pifactorial 22:55, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

Nuclear devices
"This is an order of magnitude lighter than the likely weight of any North Korean nuclear device." Nobody has yet to provide a citation for this so I'm removing it, and replacing it instead with "Whether this would be large enough to carry a North Korean designed nuclear warhead is currently unknown, as the full development status of the North Korean nuclear program is largely unknown." Neither I nor anyone else on here know the size of any North Korean nuclear device, or even if they actually have a nuclear device at all (we know they have plutonium in one form or another — there's still some distance between that and a nuclear device). Assuming that a North Korean design would necessarily be on the order of magnitude as the Gadget doesn't seem entirely justified to me — not only is public knowledge about weapons design light years beyond what it was in the 1940s and 1950s, but we also know that North Korea has a history of playing hooky with the Khan network, who has been known to shop around Chinese warhead designs. I think there is considerable reason to just say "nobody really knows much about this" in this case, because the leaps and bounds one has to take in speculating on what they either do or don't have are a bit too great to say with any certainty about what the "likely weight" is of any North Korean device. I think if there's one lesson of the history of nuclear weapons is that each country does it a little bit differently. --Fastfission 13:00, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Image
It's not a Taepodong-2 on the image. Taepodong looks more complicated. Maybe it's a Scud --84.50.35.71 (talk) 16:54, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

Image
That is a picture of an Iranian Shahab 3 and should be removed immediately... —Preceding unsigned comment added by Eagle07 (talk • contribs) 16:32, 26 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Removed it.- [[Image:Biohazard orange.svg|17px]] Tourbillon A ? 20:52, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

ha RT-2 copy
ha RT-2 copy Gnomsovet (talk) 01:09, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

Heavy political bias
Well, this article clearly and unmistakably accuses a country of this world (and by omitting any differentiation all the inhabitants of it) to conduct crimes against the rest of the world - based on the fact, that this country is able to produce spacecrafts (which as well may be used as intercontinental ballistic missiles).

Well - let's try to follow the intend of the article writer and ACTUALLY TAKE the possession of spacecrafts as well as intercontinental ballistic missiles as a fact of crime against the world! As IT IS the stated law of the wikipedia, articles MUST be unbiased and without any party-political prejudgment.

Thus, if this article really would satisfy the intend of wikipedia to be a simple collection of FACTS instead being a simple collection of judgments and accusations, it should obviously be a FACT, that the possession of spacecrafts and missiles IS A CRIME!

Now, try to find ANY article in wikipedia, that cites any of the countries with the by factors of thousands biggest possession of spacecrafts, ballistic missiles and nuclear warheads as being A THREAT TO THE WORLD! Or connecting the term "weapons of mass destruction" with those countries!

Nothing!

Well - as a matter of fact, it i not a question of the next 10 to 20 years, that the USA develops nuclear warheads, which in the hands of some mad driven military chiefs could destroy the complete world in minutes! It is a matter of history and presence!

It is not a matter of question, if those military chiefs in the USA are able to think in a straitforward way. It is a matter of fact, that those guys heavily addicted to religious blindness - having even presidents telling this wide open to the world!

It is not a matter of question or future, which country of the world is the only one having already conducted nuclear crimes against the world.

It is not a matter of question or future, which countries are the only ones in possession of nuclear weapons of mass destruction and shamelessly refuse to allow any international control over their gigantic stocks of those weapons: Namely exactly those countries, that are declared "consider sanctions against North Korea" in this article!

At other places, it's only a matter of minutes till the deletion of an article, that shows only a percentage o the prejudgment and distance from reality like this one. All in all it strongly imposes the assumption of being composed by some US warshipping guy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.188.99.83 (talk) 12:43, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

2009 launch
The satellite probably failed to launch, but I don't think that means the missile failed. If the third stage managed to detach from the second stage (which most probably happened), then we have a successful test of this missile. I think this should be mentioned. - Tourbillon A ? 16:43, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree. The Norad statement does not mention if the third stage separated or not, so I think success/failure of the presumed missile test is unknown at this point. Offliner (talk) 17:45, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
 * According to this new map at globalsecurity.org, the Taepodong-2 travelled 2,973 km...if it wasnt a full-range test, it's quite possible that it was successful. - [[Image:Biohazard orange.svg|17px]] Tourbillon A ? 19:05, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Is there a story associated with the picture? I'd really like to know where Globalsecurity got this info. The following article speculates, that the second stage might have failed: Western analysts said that shortfall, if correct, probably indicated a failure of the missile’s second stage. Offliner (talk) 21:58, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

 * South Koreans say it flew for 2,000 miles (3,200 km) or more. Quite a respectable distance... - [[Image:Biohazard orange.svg|17px]] Tourbillon A ? 08:21, 7 April 2009 (UTC)

Possible (?) test 2012
According to German Wikipedia, even journalists for admitted to the launch. So, I would assume that it was officially anounced, hence I wonder why "possible" was used here?! Thyl Engelhardt213.70.217.172 (talk) 09:12, 16 April 2012 (UTC)

Was the 2006 test a failed orbital launch?
There have been unconfirmed reports that the failed first flight of the Taepodong-2 was merely a satellite launch attempt, but North Korea did not say whether the 2006 launch was carrying a satellite or it was just a sounding rocket intended to test the airframe of the Unha. If there are no signs of operational deployment of the Taepodong-2, this would lead intelligence analysts to conclude that the Taepodong-2 is partly a figment of poltical literature. 68.4.28.33 (talk) 04:08, 28 February 2013 (UTC)Vahe Demirjian

Launch platform
Concerning the launch environment of the Taepodong-2, a launch pad environment is extremely problematic because ICBMs are vulnerable to nuclear strikes if they are fueled for 20 hours out in the open instead of in a silo (which was one reason why the R-7 Semyorka was judged impractical as an ICBM). Would it be intuitive to say that the Taepodong-2 could be launched from underground silos safe from US and South Korean airstrikes? 68.4.28.33 (talk) 19:45, 30 July 2013 (UTC)Vahe Demirjian

title: Talk:Taepodong-2


text:
Timo Salonen

Timo Salonen (born October 8, 1951) is a Finnish former rally driver who won the 1985 World Rally Championship season for Peugeot. It was commented of him that he stood out from other drivers, because he was overweight, wore thick glasses and smoked heavily, but still remained one of the fastest and most competitive drivers in the sport. He was also known for his relaxed attitude and for his habit of steering his rally car with one hand only. These factors led to the nickname Löysä ("Slack"). With his 11 rally wins he remained the most successful driver of Group B era (1983–1986) of WRC.

Career
Salonen achieved his first podium place in the World Rally Championship by driving his Fiat 131 Abarth to second place at the 1977 1000 Lakes Rally. He went on to win the next rally, the 1977 Critérium du Québec, which was only his fifth WRC event and his first outside his home country.

Salonen's factory team career at World Championship level began with Nissan, mainly on long-distance events. In 1984, however, he achieved a string of top-ten finishes, resulting in Jean Todt inviting him to drive for Peugeot in the 1985 season. He began that year playing a supporting role to Ari Vatanen but quickly proved capable of being in a leading role, especially after Vatanen's near-fatal accident in Argentina. Salonen set a record by winning four world rallies in a row – unmatched and unbroken until Sébastien Loeb's six wins in a row in 2005 – and went on to win the World Championship with a record 52-point margin ahead of second-placed Stig Blomqvist. Salonen then remained at Peugeot for the 1986 season, and finished third in the drivers' championship, behind his new team-mate Juha Kankkunen and Lancia driver Markku Alén.

He has remained the most successful driver of Group B with his seven rally wins and one World Rally Championship.

In the turbulent world of post-Group B rallying, Salonen starred for Mazda, taking a popular win on the 1987 Swedish Rally. His last WRC event in action was the 1992 Rally Portugal in a Mitsubishi Galant VR-4 until he made a one-time comeback at the 2002 Neste Rally Finland. He managed his Peugeot 206 WRC to 14th place overall.

Salonen was mainly co-driven by Seppo Harjanne, who would later go on to achieve even more success with Tommi Mäkinen (the pairing of Tommi Mäkinen and Seppo Harjanne achieved 2 championship titles from 1996 to 1997 by 1 point until Harjanne was replaced by Risto Mannisenmäki from 1998 to 2001). After retiring from rallying, Salonen has worked as the CEO for his car sales company Autotalo Timo Salonen in Finland.

WRC victories

 * {|class="wikitable"

! Number ! Event ! Season ! Co-driver ! Car
 * 1
 * 🇨🇦 5ème Critérium Molson du Québec
 * 1977
 * Jaakko Markkula
 * Fiat 131 Abarth
 * 2
 * 🇳🇿 11th Motogard Rally of New Zealand
 * 1980
 * rowspan=10 | Seppo Harjanne
 * Datsun 160J
 * 3
 * 13ème Rallye Côte d'Ivoire
 * 1981
 * Datsun Violet GT
 * 4
 * 🇵🇹 19º Rallye de Portugal Vinho do Porto
 * rowspan=5 | 1985
 * Peugeot 205 Turbo 16
 * 5
 * 🇬🇷 32nd Acropolis Rally
 * rowspan=6 | Peugeot 205 Turbo 16 E2
 * 6
 * 🇳🇿 15th AWA Clarion Rally of New Zealand
 * 7
 * 🇦🇷 5º Marlboro Rally Argentina
 * 8
 * 🇫🇮 35th 1000 Lakes Rally
 * 9
 * 🇫🇮 36th 1000 Lakes Rally
 * rowspan=2 | 1986
 * 10
 * 35th Lombard RAC Rally
 * 11
 * 🇸🇪 37th International Swedish Rally
 * 1987
 * Mazda 323 4WD
 * }
 * 🇫🇮 36th 1000 Lakes Rally
 * rowspan=2 | 1986
 * 10
 * 35th Lombard RAC Rally
 * 11
 * 🇸🇪 37th International Swedish Rally
 * 1987
 * Mazda 323 4WD
 * }
 * Mazda 323 4WD
 * }

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Timo Salonen


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Denim & Co .

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Joyous (talk) 18:08, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

`===Denim & Co ., Denim & Co.=== See also Votes for deletion/Denim&Co. and Votes for deletion/Big Bonanza Silver Day. (If by any chance the brand would deserve an article, it needs to be rewritten anyway.) Uppland 14:18, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Clearly an advertisement.Robert A West 15:17, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, spam. Thue | talk 21:34, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, advert seglea 23:13, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete advertising. JamesBurns 04:26, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, states what the line is but not how to get it Denim&Co. 08:05, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, Ad for Home Shopping Net...Gateman1997 18:16, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete in its current state, unless someone else can write about this clothing brand from a neutral POV. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 05:17, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Anima Mundi (event)

Detailed article
I made a detailed article on the festival. Much of the stuff is from memory and from the regulation in the official site, since I am adicted to the festival. I will send the page to some friend for a review, and maybe later translate it to portuguese.

title: Talk:Anima Mundi (event)


text:
Cisco LocalDirector

Cisco LocalDirector was a server load balancing appliance, discontinued in 2003, based on the Network Address Translation (NAT) technology Cisco Systems acquired when they bought Network Translation, Inc. The LocalDirector was conceived by John Mayes & Robert Andrews in late 1995 during a pre-acquisition meeting with Robert, Webmaster at Netscape Communications Corporation. During the meeting, Robert Andrews told John Mayes that there were, "probably 10 customers in the world with a load balancing problem". Because of this, the decision was made to begin development on the LocalDirector.

Brantley Coile, who had written the code for the PIX firewall for NTI and later Cisco, started coding of the LocalDirector very shortly after this meeting. As a result of the NTI acquisition by Cisco Systems in late 1995, Brantley hired a team of four long-time associates who were developers: Richard Howes, now at Steelbox Networks, and Pete Tenereillo worked for NTI prior to the Cisco acquisition, and Jim Jordan and Tom Bohannon, also at SteelBox, were hired immediately after the acquisition. Together the four developed the code for the Finesse OS and LocalDirector (Finesse was also used in the Cisco version of the PIX). The majority of the LocalDirector code was shared with the early PIXes.

Though F5 and Cisco started development of a load balancing product around the same time, F5 needed to re-staff and re-develop after the first attempt. The LocalDirector was the industry's first load balancer. It first shipped to a customer in April 1996, only four months after development started, beating the next earliest competitors, F5 and HydraWeb, to market by a full year.

Load balancing provides three important functions. It provides server availability, server scalability and the ability to manage server by bringing them on and off line.

All LocalDirector models were built with Intel-based/Intel-compatible motherboards, along with Intel and Digital network chipsets. The LocalDirector utilizes a proprietary operating system that Cisco calls Finesse. The PIX firewall today uses a derivative of the same operating system. All systems boot from flash memory.

List of PCI and ISA expansion cards for the LocalDirector

 * Flash Memory cards
 * LDIR-2MB-Flash - 2MB ISA flash memory card for all LocalDirectors except the 417/417G. Identical to the 2MB flash card used in early PIXes.
 * PEP upgrade card - 4MB ISA flash upgrade card for the LD 416/430, so named because it, like all of the flash cards used in the PIX/LocalDirector/SSG6510 devices, was manufactured by Productivity Enhancement Products, or PEP. Uses two AMD AM29F016D chips for flash memory, and the BIOS resides on an AMD AM29F010b chip.  Description printed on the card itself indicates that it was designed as a 16MB flash card, but six of the eight possible locations silkscreened on the PCB for the 29F016D chips are not populated.  It is not comparable to any card used in the PIX, nor does the PIX OS recognize its flash chips.  Mentioned in the 3.2 release notes.
 * Network interface cards
 * LD-FDDI - 32 bit/33 MHz dual port PCI FDDI card based on the Interphase 5511 FDDI card (PB05511-002).
 * LD-FE - 32 bit/33 MHz single port 10/100 Fast Ethernet card. Based variously on the Intel 82557, 82558, or 82559 chipsets.
 * LD-GE - PCI Gigabit Ethernet (1000BASE-SX) PCI card. Based on the Intel 82542 chipset.  Does not support autonegotiation of speed or duplex.  Identical to the PIX expansion card, the PIX-1GE.  Mentioned in the version 3.2.1 installation guide.
 * LD-QUADFE - 32 bit/33 MHz Four port 10/100 Fast Ethernet card. This Osicom-manufactured PCI card came in two varieties. The two kinds can be differentiated visually: when installed in the chassis, the Digital-based card's link speed/activity lights (one amber and one green) are on the left side of the RJ-45 jack, and the Intel card's link speed/activity lights (both green) are on the right side of the RJ-45 jack.
 * One version, identified by the OS as an rns23x0 card, was based on the Digital 21140/21152 chipset, and it did not support autonegotiation of speed or duplex; the part numbers on the card were 2340, 123400-21 and SC401234-25T.
 * The other version, identified by the OS as an i82557 card, was based on the Intel 82558 chipset and was identical to the Cisco PIX expansion card, the PIX-4FE; the part numbers on the card were 124040-01 and either SC402404-25T or SC402404-01T.
 * NI-2FE - PCI dual-port 10/100baseTX Ethernet card.

title: Cisco LocalDirector


text:
Meriden Gap

The Meriden Gap is a mostly rural area in the West Midlands between Solihull and Coventry. It is a part of the wider West Midlands Green Belt, separating Coventry from the large West Midlands conurbation, which includes Birmingham and Wolverhampton. The 'Gap' takes its name from the village central to the area, Meriden, although the largest settlement is Balsall Common. The highest point lies at 181 m above sea level, slightly north of the hamlet of Eaves Green near the West Midlands-Warwickshire border.

Most of the gap is in the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull, a small area is in Warwickshire and some of the northeastern part is in the City of Coventry. Other villages and hamlets in the gap include Hampton-in-Arden, Berkswell, Barston, Temple Balsall, Eastcote, Bradnocks Marsh, Millison's Wood, Eaves Green, Four Oaks, Fen End, Pickford Green and Corley Moor.

The gap is largely in the Meriden parliamentary constituency.

Urban pressure
The planned expansion of Birmingham Airport outlines the need for construction on the greenbelt to allow the expansion to happen. Despite opposition to the expansion plans, the proposal was granted approval. A motorway service area between Junctions 3a and 7 on the M42 motorway has been proposed on several occasions.

title: Meriden Gap


text: Talk:Matthew 2:17

title: Talk:Matthew 2:17


text:
Talk:Dirty joke

On a pedantic note, let me just state that "Superman was flying over a city. He saw Wonder Woman on top of one of the buildings with her legs wide open. I'm feeling horny, he thought to himself. I'll just swoop in at the speed of light, do my thing and be out of there. So he swooped down at light speed. Got himself done and flew away without being noticed. "What was that?" asked wonder woman. "I don't know but I got a sore ass", replied the Invisible Girl." makes no sense. The Invisible Man is drawn from the H.G. Wells story of the same name, while Superman and Wonder Woman are DC Comics trademarked characters. The fact that they are all in the same continuity, in the same era, is illogical. ;) jglc | t | c 14:19, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Vote for Deletion
This article was redirected after merging as a result of a Vote for Deletion. The discussion can be found here. -Splash 02:49, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dirty joke


text:
Joyeuse

Joyeuse (Joiuse; meaning "joyous, joyful") was, in medieval legend, the sword wielded by Charlemagne as his personal weapon. A sword identified as Joyeuse was used in French royal coronation ceremonies since the 13th century, and is now kept at the Louvre.

Description
The overall height of the sword is 105 cm with the blade portion making up 82.8 cm of that. It is 4.5 cm wide at the base, and 2.2 cm thick. Its total weight is 1.630 kg.

In legend
Some legends claim Joyeuse was forged to contain the Lance of Longinus within its pommel. The blade may have been smithed from the same materials as Roland's Durendal and Ogier's Curtana.

A children's book from the early 20th century tells that "One priceless thing Charlemagne ever carried in his belt and that was Joyeuse, the Sword Jewellous, which contained in a hilt of gold and gems the head of the lance that pierced our Saviour's side. And thereto he wore a pilgrim's pouch — 'against my faring to Jerusalem, or, if that may not be, to remind me that our life is but a pilgrim's way, and our joy but a pilgrim's rest, and our hope a palm.'"

The 11th century Song of Roland describes the sword thus:

"Si ad vestut sun blanc osberc sasfret, Laciet sun elme, ki est a or gemmet, Ceinte Joiuse, unches ne fut sa per,  Ki cascun jur muet.XXX. clartez. "[Charlemagne] was wearing his fine white coat of mail and his helmet with gold-studded stones; by his side hung Joyeuse, and never was there a sword to match it; its colour changed thirty times a day.""

Some seven hundred years later, Bulfinch's Mythology described Charlemagne using Joyeuse to behead the Saracen commander Corsuble as well as to knight his comrade Ogier the Dane.

The town of Joyeuse, in Ardèche, is supposedly named after the sword: Joyeuse was allegedly lost in a battle and retrieved by one of the knights of Charlemagne; to thank him, Charlemagne granted him an appanage named Joyeuse.

Baligant, a general of the Saracens in The Song of Roland, named his sword Précieuse, in order not to seem inferior to Charlemagne.

Coronation sword of the French kings
A sword identified with Charlemagne's Joyeuse was carried in front of the Coronation processions for French kings, for the first time in 1270 (Philip III), and for the last time in 1825 (at the Coronation of Charles X). The sword was kept in the Treasury of Saint-Denis since at least 1505, before it was moved to the Louvre in 1793.

This Joyeuse as preserved today is a composite of various parts added over the centuries of use as coronation sword. But at the core, it consists of a medieval blade of Oakeshott type XII, mostly dated from about the 10th century. Martin Conway argued the blade might date from the early 9th century, suggesting that it was indeed the sword of Charlemagne, while Guy Laking dated it to the early 13th century. Some authors have even argued that the medieval blade may have indeed been replaced by a modern replica in 1804 when the sword was prepared for the coronation of Napoleon.

The Louvre's official website dates the pommel from the 10th to 11th centuries, the crossguard to the 12th and the scabbard to the 13th century.

title: Joyeuse


text:
1979 in archaeology

The year 1979 in archaeology involved some significant events.

Explorations

 * Tillya Tepe surveyed by a Soviet-Afghan mission of archaeologists led by Victor Sarianidi.

Excavations

 * Hengistbury Head by Barry Cunliffe (continues to 1984).

Finds

 * July - Fossil hominid footprints found at Laetoli, Tanzania, by Mary Leakey.
 * Wreck of SS Xantho found off Western Australia.
 * Wreck of HMS Stirling Castle (1679) found on the Goodwin Sands.
 * Wreck of English ship Swan (1641) found off the west coast of Scotland.
 * Wreck of French-built English ship HMS Invincible (1747) found in The Solent.
 * Burial site related to the 1918 execution of the Romanov family at Yekaterinburg, by Alexander Avdonin.
 * Roman fort at Elginhaugh discovered by air-photography.
 * Black rat bones from about the fifth century AD reported as found in York, the first pre-medieval record in England.
 * The prehistoric site of Isernia La Pineta discovered during the construction of a road link of Strada statale 85.

Publications

 * Aubrey Burl - Prehistoric Avebury.
 * J. M. Coles and A. F. Harding - The Bronze Age in Europe: an introduction to the prehistory of Europe, c.2000–700 BC.
 * Kenneth Hudson - World Industrial Archaeology.
 * A. L. F. Rivet and Colin Smith - The Place-names of Roman Britain.
 * Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History series founded by David Brown, James Campbell, and Sonia Chadwick Hawkes.

Events

 * June 2 - Protesters opposed to the building of civic offices on the site of Viking excavations in Wood Quay, Dublin, occupy the area.

Births

 * February 8 - Stuart Wilson, English archaeologist working in Wales

Deaths

 * January 15 - Yang Zhongjian, father of Chinese vertebrate paleontology, buried at Peking Man site in Zhoukoudian, China (b. 1897)
 * January 20 - Robert Wauchope, American archaeologist and anthropologist (b. 1909)
 * January 24 - Raissa Calza, Ukrainian-born archaeologist of Ancient Rome, previously ballet dancer (b. 1894)
 * August 1 - Li Ji, Chinese archaeologist (b. 1896)
 * August 25 - Alberto Ruz Lhuillier, Mexican archaeologist, discoverer of the tomb of K'inich Janaab' Pakal at Palenque (b. 1906)
 * December 14 - Charles McBurney, American-born archaeologist working in Britain (b. 1914)

title: 1979 in archaeology


text: Talk:Matthew 2:18

title: Talk:Matthew 2:18


text: Talk:Matthew 2:19

title: Talk:Matthew 2:19


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dirty joke

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was REDIRECT (already merged). -Splash 02:48, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Dirty joke
This is a dicdef at best. An extensive list of jokes or examples make make the article longer and more controversial, but not any more encyclopedic. Gblaz 14:20, July 22, 2005 (UTC). I still feel that a more proper title for such an article might be something more like "off-color humor", but I agree that the recent edits show that the article does have potential. So I would now consider this a Weak Keep assuming the expansion continues. Gblaz 18:56, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: I honestly feel as though there's room to expand this, including discussing the history of "blue" or "off-colour" comedy. Dolemite, Richard Pryor, Andrew Dice Clay, and other "dirty" comedians could be referenced, and the concept of an anti-joke discussed in brief. jglc | t | c 14:22, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep: I voted to delete List of dirty jokes, but I can envision an article that discusses the psychology and sociology of off-color humor, and I have to believe there are peer-reviewed articles on that subject. If no one takes it up for six months or so, we can always reconsider.Robert A West 15:14, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep — I agree with above comments. — RJH 15:15, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep and expand. Definite potential for encylopedic article. Capitalistroadster 15:40, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * As per Gblaz's comment, I'm taking the initiative to merge dirty joke with off-color humor (leaving the content of dirty joke intact until the VfD is concluded), and making blue humor, off-colour humour (and other spelling variants thereof) redirects. If anyone strongly disagrees with this, could you please reply here or on my user talk page? jglc | t | c 19:00, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Great solution that takes everyones comments into account. Gblaz 20:44, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * I second that remark. -- BD2412 talk 22:09, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy keep and delist - it looks like the nomination's been withdrawn. --Idont Havaname 00:11, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect all of them, as per User:jasonglchu. JamesBurns 04:28, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Herbert Marsh

Dates?
Although most of this article seems to be very accurate, there are a couple of dates that I believe need to be corrected. These are that Marsh became Bishop of Llandaff in 1816 (not 1819) and Bishop of Peterborough in 1819 (not 1822). These facts are of minor importance but they may help interested readers more accurately to correlate Marsh's life with contemporary events. See (for example), Life and Writings of Herbert Marsh (1757-1839) by R.K.Braine Forrest, Cambridge PhD Thesis, 1989 -- —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.65.44.255 (talk • contribs) 09:21, 22 July 2005

It is worth adding to the account give here, that Marsh's opposition to Evangelicals in the Church of England was motivated by (1) the fear that their emphasis on grace without works led to antinomian behaviour--that is giving themselves license to follow their whims because they were under grace, not the Law. Marsh replied that though people could only be justified by grace, they could only inherit salvation at the last if this grace had been turned into the fruit of good works. This outlook is particularly emphasised in his 'Reply to Milner' and the 86 Questions (leading questions) he applied toordination candidates and applicants for curacies in his diocese. (See also Braine's thesis mentioned above; (2) Marsh feared that the Evangelicals were closer in theological kinship to the Dissenting Protestants than to fellow Church of England ministers who believed in the Established Church. The Evangelicals were then a Trojan horse in the Church, a means by which people who were at heart Dissenters could gain positions in the Church of England and promote their disloyalty amongst congregations and fellow clergy.

In practice, though, if Marsh detected that an Evangelical applicant to the Church was genuinely loyal to the Established Church he would give them his personal backing and defend them from critics.(instances in the Braine thesis).

Marsh also sought to reform his diocese by introducing Rural Deans, encouraging repair of churches and making regular triennial visitationsof its parishes. He was also active in promoting Tory politics in his diocese, believing that Toryism best defended the unique alliance of Church and State that made England and Wales a free yet potentially godly society, with carefully balanced and mutually supportive estates of religion and secular society--though this alliance needed to be actively defended through promoting Church of England education of the poor, and loyalty to the Prayer Book. This strategy meant Marsh was associated with authoring combative tracts and pursuing a robust clerical admission policy to his diocese.

He and his German wife, though, were kind and generous in private life, giving much support to the 'peasant poet' John Clare, who London salon society had abandoned after a brief flurry of interest in him in 1820. (Braine thesis, again, for the details.] —Preceding unsigned comment added by TheoKenlake (talk • contribs) 02:07, 8 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Herbert Marsh


text:
Talk:Camera phone

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Peterbatio97.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 16:36, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Unrelated site reference in "History" section
In the paragraph starting "On June 11, 1997, Philippe Kahn instantly shared the first pictures from the maternity ward where his daughter Sophie was born", I've removed a reference to the URL http://babyphone-vergleich-test.de/babyphone-ratgeber (defunct, but archived at https://web.archive.org/web/20161129025451) which solely deals with recommendations on baby monitors, with Philippe Kahn or this article's topic not even remotely being mentioned. -- HH 95.90.248.217 (talk) 01:52, 12 April 2018 (UTC)

Too much Samsung?
I get the feeling someone who works for Samsung has raked through this page to add every model they can think of as a marketing ploy (I counted 25 product mentions). I'm not going to delete anything, but it clearly needs some balance as there were multiple camera phone manufacturers. Phdacademicgenius (talk) 14:55, 27 July 2023 (UTC)
 * That's perhaps because there is not that much worthy of mentioning or it is not documented well enough. For example, could the Xperia S capture photos in midst of filming a video? We don't know. But we do know that the Xperia Z could only take low-resolution photographs while filming. If you have information about the other brands (Sony, HTC, LG, Apple), feel free to add it. (addition: Note that there are also 26 Sony mentions, 14 Apple mentions and 13 HTC mentions.) Best, Elominius (talk) 22:55, 3 August 2023 (UTC) - last modified 23:18, 3 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Camera phone


text: Talk:Matthew 2:20–21

title: Talk:Matthew 2:20–21


text:
User talk:Alexius Manfelt

Pudasjärvi
(In Finnish) Tässä on minun kirjoittamani osuus, tässä puolestaan artikkelin muokkaushistoria. Kuten huomaat, en ole kirjoittanut kommentoimaasi osaa. Ja en todellakaan käyttäisi termiä "city" Pudasjärven kohdalla, vaikka kunnan kotisivu sitä käyttääkin. ;) --JyriL talk 19:32, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alexius Manfelt


text: Talk:Matthew 2:21

title: Talk:Matthew 2:21


text: Talk:Matthew 2:22

title: Talk:Matthew 2:22


text:
Johnny Rodgers

Johnny Steven Rodgers (born July 5, 1951) is an American former football player. He played college football for the Nebraska Cornhuskers and won the Heisman Trophy in 1972. Rodgers played in the Canadian Football League (CFL) with the Montreal Alouettes and in the National Football League (NFL) with the San Diego Chargers. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2000.

College career
Nicknamed "the Jet" for his rapid acceleration and speed on the field, Rodgers was voted high school athlete of the year as a player for Omaha's Tech High.

As a player at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Rodgers served as a punt return specialist, pass receiver, and running back. Rodgers broke virtually every offensive team record, was twice named to the College Football All-America Team and won the Walter Camp Award and the Heisman Trophy in 1972 for most outstanding player in college football in the United States.

In his three years with the Cornhuskers, the versatile Rodgers established an all-purpose NCAA yardage record of 5,586. Former Nebraska coach Tom Osborne, who served as Nebraska's offensive coordinator in the early 1970s, wrote in his 1985 book More Than Winning that Rodgers had the greatest ability to return punts of any player he ever saw. Likewise, College Football News has described him as "the greatest kick returner in college football history." Rodgers returned seven punts for touchdowns (NCAA record at the time) and one kickoff for a touchdown in his college career.

Rodgers was, at one time, convicted of a gas station robbery while he was a student at the University of Nebraska in 1970. He is the only Heisman winner who had a then-present felony conviction before receiving the award. He was pardoned by the Nebraska Board of Pardons, and his conviction was vacated, on November 14, 2013. He later was charged with assault in 1985 while living in southern California.

In 1971, in what has become known as college football's "Game of the Century," Rodgers returned a punt 72 yards to score the first touchdown which set the tone for his team's 35–31 victory over the University of Oklahoma. ESPN describes Rodgers' performance as "unforgettable." However, some observers consider his greatest single performance to be in the 1973 Orange Bowl when he led his team to a 40–6 victory over Notre Dame. Rodgers ran for three touchdowns, caught a 50-yard pass for another touchdown, and threw a 54-yard touchdown pass to a teammate. He did all this before leaving the game with 21 minutes still to play.

 * 1970: 39 carries for 219 yards with 4 TD. 39 catches for 710 yards with 7 TD.
 * 1971: 40 carries for 269 yards with 2 TD. 57 catches for 956 yards with 11 TD.
 * 1972: 73 carries for 348 yards with 10 TD. 58 catches for 1013 yards with 9 TD.

Professional career
Although a 1973 first-round draft pick of the San Diego Chargers, Rodgers signed a three-year contract in excess of $100,000 annually to play with the Canadian Football League's Montreal Alouettes on May 24. He had spurned the Chargers who he said was "offering fourth and fifth-round money." Always a fan favorite who was affectionately known as the "ordinary superstar" (a nickname he coined), Rodgers won the CFL's Most Outstanding Rookie Award in 1973. In his four years with the Alouettes, Rodgers won the Jeff Russel Memorial Trophy twice (Eastern division MVP and CFL runner-up), was either a CFL or Eastern all-star each season, and helped lead his team to a Grey Cup championship in 1974.

Rodgers returned to the United States, signing a $925,000-plus contract with the Chargers on January 3, 1977. Hamstring injuries kept him out of the game for most of his first NFL season and the following year a freak knee injury sustained during team practice ended his career after only 17 NFL games.

Legacy
In 1999, Rodgers was selected to the Nebraska All-Century Football Team via fan poll and named to the All-Century Nebraska football team by Gannett News Service. In 2000, he was voted the University of Nebraska's "Player of the Century" by Sports Illustrated. In 2002, he was named to the Athlon Sports Nebraska All-Time Team. He is one of only sixteen Cornhuskers to have his jersey retired by the team.

In 1999, Rodgers was selected as a receiver by Sports Illustrated in their "NCAA Football All-Century Team". Other receivers selected were Jerry Rice, Mike Ditka, Pat Richter, Tim Brown, Raghib Ismail, Don Hutson, Bennie Oosterbaan, Howard Twilley, Ted Kwalick, Anthony Carter, Keith Jackson and Desmond Howard. Rodgers was one of six Nebraska Cornhuskers on this All-Century Team 85 man roster; the others being Rich Glover, Dave Rimington, Dean Steinkuhler, Tommie Frazier and Aaron Taylor.

In 1999, Rodgers was selected as a starting receiver to the Walter Camp Football Foundation College Football All Century Team. Other receivers selected were Fred Biletnikoff, Tim Brown, Bernie Oosterbaan, Larry Kelley, Raghib Ismail, Don Hutson, Howard Twilley and Keith Jackson. Rodgers was one of six Nebraska Cornhuskers selected to this 83 man roster; the others being Rimington, Steinkuhler, Will Shields, Frazier and Taylor.

On the College Football News list of the 100 Greatest Players of All-Time, Johnny Rodgers was ranked #44. In 2007, he was ranked #23 on ESPN's Top 25 Players In College Football History list. In 2000 Johnny Rodgers was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame and was also voted the "Most Valuable Player" in the history of the Big Eight.

Rodgers also remains a legend north of the border in Montreal. The Alouettes honored him with a special homecoming on September 11, 2011, 35 years since he last wore a Larks uniform. He was greeted with a standing ovation.

In 2011 the Jet Award was established in Rodgers honor, as a national award given annually to the best return specialist in all of college football. Beginning with the 2012 award ceremony, in addition to being given to the annual award winner, the Jet Award will be presented retroactively one decade at a time, starting with the 1959–1969 winners.

Personal life
Rodgers was reported to have become a devotee of Guru Maharaj Ji, head of the Divine Light Mission, in 1974. Rodgers met Majaraj Ji for the first time in January 1976 to discuss the guru's international tour, and in an interview at the time stated that he had joined the Divine Light Mission out of a search for deeper meaning in his life.

Today, Rodgers is a businessman in Omaha, Nebraska, where he operates a sports marketing company and bedding products manufacturer. He also works with his alma mater to encourage athletes who dropped out of school to return and complete their educations.

Rodgers has also authored a book entitled An Era of Greatness about the University of Nebraska football team during his playing days.

Rodgers was president of the Malcolm X Memorial Foundation from 1995 to 2005.

In 2007 Rodgers was a brief partner in a sports bar located in midtown Omaha bearing his name. In less than one year the partnership fell apart and dueling lawsuits ensued.

He is currently creating a mentoring program for children with other football and sport professionals.

In May 2014, Rodgers was hired as vice president of new business development at Rural Media Group.

In November 2021, Rodgers was hospitalized at the University of Nebraska Medical Center with COVID-19 but was released two weeks later.

title: Johnny Rodgers


text:
Talk:Matthew 2:23

Isaiah 11:1
Jerome and the Catholic Encyclopedia both explicitly associate Matthew 2:23 with the reference to 'sprout' at Isaiah 11:1, yet that verse is not mentioned at all in this article. Is there a good reason for this?-- Jeffro 77 (talk) 14:17, 29 August 2013 (UTC)

(I have added these details.)-- Jeffro 77 (talk) 00:01, 30 August 2013 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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The structure of the end of this sentence seems unclear to me: "Matthew gives no specific reason for why the family moved to this town except for the prophecy fulfillment and does not show any knowledge that Luke has them originally from there." I'm unsure what the phrase "that Luke has them originally from there" means, it feels like it's missing a particle or something. It sounds like a colloquial way of saying "that Luke describes them as being originally from there" but as someone who is not knowledgeable on this subject I don't want to edit it in case that's not correct. I at least find this phrasing unintuitive so I'm wondering if anybody who knows has a better way to put whatever it's trying to say. Illdie (talk) 19:27, 16 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Matthew 2:23


text:
User:Rl/spamnice

Wikipedia guidelines are fairly restrictive as far as external links are concerned. You may well have added those links in and other articles in good faith, but your edit history suggests they are link spam. Please do read the resources supplied above before adding any further links to external web sites. Thank you.

title: User:Rl/spamnice


text:
User:Alexius Manfelt

Hi.

My participation;

de:User:Alexius Manfelt fi:User:Alexius Manfelt fr:Utilisateur:Alexius Manfelt it:User:Alexius Manfelt sv:User:Alexius Manfelt

title: User:Alexius Manfelt


text:
Rayful Edmond

Rayful Edmond III (born November 26, 1964) is an American former drug trafficker in Washington, D.C. in the 1980s. Edmond is largely responsible for having introduced crack cocaine into the Washington, D.C. area during the crack epidemic, resulting in an escalating crime rate in the city which became known as the "murder capital of the United States".

Criminal career
Edmond was alleged to have moved large amounts of cocaine. In an indictment involving two of Edmond's associates Dwayne (D.C. Scorpio), it was said that they bought between 1,000 and 2,000 kilos per week in 1992 from the Trujillo-Blanco brothers, who were associated with the Medellin cartel, and sold the drugs to Washington area wholesalers. He was known to have spent some $457,619 in an exclusive Georgetown store (Linea Pitti, specializing in Italian men's clothing) owned by Charles Wynn who was later convicted on 34 counts of money laundering. Edmond's estimated revenue was approximately $300 million annually. In one year, Edmond's organization, which employed 150 people, committed 30 murders.

Remarking on Edmond, longtime D.C. mayor Marion Barry wrote in his autobiography:

"He was a young, likable guy, good-looking, with a good personality, and a lot of his friends he played basketball with had no idea that he was involved in drug selling. He was basically pulled into it from his family, That doesn't make it right, but Rayful had a lot of people who liked him and were very loyal to him."

The meeting with John Thompson
Edmond was an avid fan of the Georgetown Hoyas, and frequently sat courtside with his entourage at the Capital Centre for home games. At the height of his empire, he became very friendly with several Hoyas players. When Georgetown University basketball coach (and D.C. native) John Thompson confirmed what was happening, he sent word through his sources to have Edmond meet him at his office at McDonough Gymnasium.

When Edmond arrived, Thompson was initially cordial, and informed Edmond that he needed to cease all contacts with his players, specifically John Turner and Alonzo Mourning, both of whom had befriended Edmond. However, Thompson's parting words to Edmond were that Edmond would face serious consequences if he did not stay away from his players. It is believed that Thompson is the only person to stand up to Edmond without consequence, initially causing some shock and surprise that there was no reprisal against Thompson for it. However, in a memoir published posthumously in December 2020, Thompson characterized the encounter very differently, calling it very respectful. Thompson asked Rayful if he would make sure that Alonzo and John were not wrapped up in any of the illegal activity. Rayful told Thompson that he would take care of it and both men left the meeting in agreement and with respect for each other as human beings. Rayful is quoted as saying afterwards, "Coach Thompson is cool as hell".

Arrest, trial, and conviction
Edmond was arrested on April 15, 1989 at the age of 24. His arrest and subsequent trial were widely covered by local and national media. Judicial officials, fearful of reprisals from members of Edmond's gang, imposed unprecedented security during the trial. Jurors' identities were kept secret before, during, and after trial, and their seating area was enclosed in bulletproof glass. The presiding judge even barred the public from the trial in an effort to protect the jury. Edmond was jailed at the maximum security facility at Marine Corps Base Quantico in Virginia and flown to the Federal Court House in Washington, D.C. by helicopter each day for his trial. Authorities took this unusual step due to heightened fears of an armed escape attempt.

Edmond was convicted of numerous federal violations: (1) Engaging in a Continuing Criminal Enterprise, under 21 U.S.C. §§ 848(b), 853 (Count One); (2) Conspiracy to distribute and possess with intent to distribute more than 5 kilograms of cocaine and more than 50 grams of cocaine base, under 21 U.S.C. § 846 (Count Two); (3) Unlawfully employing a person under 18 years of age, under 21 U.S.C. § 845b (Count Five); (4) Interstate travel in aid of racketeering, under 18 U.S.C. § 1952(a) (Count Eleven); (5) Unlawful use of a communications facility, under 21 U.S.C. § 843(b) (Counts Fourteen, Fifteen, Sixteen, and Eighteen).

On September 17, 1990, the District Court imposed sentences of mandatory life without parole on Count One, life without parole on Counts Two and Five, 60 months on Count Eleven, and 48 months on Counts Fourteen, Fifteen, Sixteen, and Eighteen. Edmond's sentences were to run concurrently.

Edmond was eventually sentenced to life in prison without parole. His mother, Constance "Bootsie" Perry, was sentenced to 14 years in prison for participating in his criminal enterprise. Several of his sisters and cousins also received sentences.

Edmond continued to deal after being incarcerated in the Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary, in Pennsylvania. He hooked up with Dixon Dario and Osvaldo "Chiqui" Trujillo-Blanco (son of Griselda "Godmother" Trujillo Blanco) who shared the same cell block with him. Edmond was setting up deals between D.C. area traffickers and his Colombian connection while incarcerated. In 1996, Edmond and another drug dealer from Atlanta, named Lowe, were convicted after conducting drug business from a federal prison phone. Edmond received an additional 30-year sentence. In an interview with the Bureau of Prisons, Edmond said he had spent several hours every day on the telephone, occasionally using two lines simultaneously to conduct his drug business. Attorney General Eric Holder criticized the Federal Bureau of Prisons for its lax management that allowed drug deals to be conducted from inside prison.

In 1996, federal authorities revealed that Edmond had become a government informant. With Edmond's cooperation, the government arrested 11 alleged drug dealers working in Washington D.C. In exchange, federal prosecutors agreed to seek a reduced sentence for Edmond's mother.

Edmond is still incarcerated but is now part of the United States Federal Witness Protection Program. The prison where he is held has not been disclosed by the government.

In 2019, Edmond returned to D.C. for hearings on whether his life sentence should be reduced to time served based on the information he provided to authorities concerning 20 homicides. At the time, a survey by the District of Columbia Attorney General showed that half of D.C. residents thought Edmond should be released. In 2021, Judge Emmet G. Sullivan granted the government's request for early release, although Edmond has a separate 30-year sentence for running his operation from prison.

In film

 * Edmond features prominently in the documentary film The Life of Rayful Edmond Vol.1 The Rise and Fall (2005)

In music

 * On his song "Can I Live" (1996), rapper Jay Z says, "No more Big Willie, my game has grown prefer you call me William Illin' for revenues, Rayful Edmond like Channel 7 News."
 * Rapper Rick Ross makes reference to Rayful Edmond on the Meek Mill song "Work", Ross says, "Not the Reagan Era but a nigga making cheddar Rayful Edmond in the mirror and I'm never telling."
 * Rapper Rick Ross makes reference to Rayful Edmond on his song "I Think She Like Me", Ross says, "I'm Rayful Edmond mixed with young Wale Folarin."
 * Rapper Westside Gunn has a song titled "Rayful's Plug" based on Edmond.
 * On the song "Brains Flew By" by Westside Gunn, Gunn mentions Rayful again, saying: "Bricks on Bricks like Rayful" - Bricks being slang for cocaine

In print

 * Rayful Edmond plays a significant role in Seth Ferranti book Rayful Edmond (2013).

In television

 * Rayful Edmond was featured in episode 9, season 2 of American Gangster.

title: Rayful Edmond


text: Talk:Matthew 3:1

title: Talk:Matthew 3:1


text: Talk:Matthew 3:2

title: Talk:Matthew 3:2


text:
Walton Centre

The Walton Centre, formerly known as the Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, is a major neurology hospital located in the suburb of Fazakerley in the city of Liverpool, England. It is one of several specialist hospitals located within the Liverpool City Region alongside Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Mersey Regional Burns and Plastic Surgery Unit and Clatterbridge Cancer Centre. The wards in the hospital are all named after pioneering neurosurgeons in the 20th and 21st century. It is managed by the Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust.

History
The Walton Centre originally provided services from the Walton Centre for Neurology at Walton Hospital on Rice Lane in Walton, Liverpool. However, as demand for services continued to increase, the capacity for provision at the relatively small Rice Lane site failed to keep pace and in 1998 all services were transferred to a new, purpose-built complex two miles north in Fazakerley adjacent to and adjoining Aintree University Hospital. The centre achieved NHS Trust status in 1992, and NHS Foundation Trust status in 2009.

In 2014 the Walton Centre became the first hospital in the UK to virtually open its doors to Google Street view to the main clinical areas.

It was announced, on 4 October 2022, that the centre had achieved the status of a university hospital.

Services
The Walton Centre is a specialist neurosciences NHS trust dedicated to providing comprehensive neurological, neurosurgical, pain management and rehabilitation services. The majority of patients originate from Merseyside, Cheshire, North Wales, Lancashire and the Isle of Man, but for some specialist treatments of complex disorders the centre sees patients from all regions of the United Kingdom, referred by their general practitioner (GP) or other hospitals. The hospital does not have an accident and emergency department. However, alongside adjoining Aintree University Hospital, Walton acts as a designated major trauma centre and receives emergency transfers for those who have sustained neurological trauma in the region.

Performance
In 2006, the hospital was identified as "the most dangerous hospital in Merseyside and Cheshire for health workers".

There were allegations, in February 2007, that a surgeon at the hospital removed brain tissue for research purposes without the patient's consent. The samples were used to test a new treatment for brain diseases on which the surgeon was joint owner of the patent. The hospital has been criticised for not offering treatments available in the United States.

In 2015 it was named by the Health Service Journal as the second best acute specialist trust to work for. At that time it had 1,160 full-time equivalent staff and a sickness absence rate of 4.45%. 88% of staff recommend it as a place for treatment and 77% recommended it as a place to work.

In November 2015 leaders at The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust were shortlisted for five separate awards.

The Walton Center became the second specialist hospital in the UK to receive the top rating by the Care Quality Commission in October 2016. It retained the status following a Care Quality Commission inspection in August 2019.

title: Walton Centre


text: Talk:Matthew 3:3

title: Talk:Matthew 3:3


text:
Compulsory education

Compulsory education refers to a period of education that is required of all people and is imposed by the government. This education may take place at a registered school or at other places.

Compulsory school attendance or compulsory schooling means that parents are obliged to send their children to a state-approved school.

All countries except Bhutan, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vatican City have compulsory education laws.

Purpose
During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, most schools in the United States did not mandate regular attendance. In many areas, students attended school for no more than three to four months out of the year.

At the start of the 20th century, the purpose of compulsory education was to master physical skills which are necessary and can be contributed to the nation. It also instilled values of ethics and social communications abilities in teenagers, and it would allow immigrants to fit in the unacquainted society of a new country. It is mostly used to advance the education of all citizens, minimize the number of students who stop going to school because of family economic reasons, and balance the education differences between rural and urban areas.

The overall correlation between the level of access to education in a country and the skills of its student population is weak. This disconnect between education access and education quality may be the consequence of weak capacity to implement education policies or lack of information on the part of policymakers on how to promote student learning. In other situations, governments might be intentionally motivated to provide education for reasons that have nothing to do with improving the knowledge and skills of citizens. On the other hand, in countries with a republican system of government, being educated is necessary and important for every citizen.

Throughout history, compulsory education laws have typically been the latest form of education intervention enacted by states. In general, governments in Europe and Latin America began to intervene in primary education an average of 107 years before democratization as measured by Polity. Compulsory education laws, despite being one of the last measures introduced by central governments seeking to regulate primary education, nevertheless were implemented an average of 52 years before democratization as measured by Polity and 36 years before universal male suffrage.

Historically, there is a trend of mass education being introduced in the aftermath of civil wars. According to a 2022 study, nondemocracies frequently introduced mass education to teach obedience and respect for authority.

Antiquity to medieval times
Compulsory education was not unheard of in ancient times. However, instances are generally tied to royal, religious or military organizations—substantially different from modern notions of compulsory education.

Plato's The Republic (c. 424) is credited with having popularized the concept of compulsory education in Western intellectual thought. Plato's rationale was straightforward. The ideal city would require ideal individuals, and ideal individuals would require an ideal education. The popularization of Plato's ideas began with the wider Renaissance and the translation of Plato's works by Marsilio Ficino (1434–1499), culminating in the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, known for his own work on education (including Emile, or On Education), said, 'To get a good idea of public education, read Plato's Republic. It is not a political treatise, as those who merely judge books by their title think, but it is the finest, most beautiful work on education ever written.'

In Sparta boys between the age 6 and 7 left their homes and were sent to military school. School courses were harsh and have been described as a "brutal training period". Between the age of 18 and 20, Spartan males had to pass a test that consisted of fitness, military ability, and leadership skills. A student's failure meant a forfeiture of citizenship and political rights. Passing was a rite of passage to manhood and citizenry, in which he would continue to serve in the military and train as a soldier until the age of 60 when the soldier could retire to live with his family.

Every parent in Judea since ancient times was required to teach their children at least informally. Over the centuries, as cities, towns and villages developed, a class of teachers called Rabbis evolved. According to the Talmud (tractate Bava Bathra 21a), which praises the sage Joshua ben Gamla with the institution of formal Jewish education in the 1st century AD, Ben Gamla instituted schools in every town and made formal education compulsory from age 6 to 8.

The Aztec Triple Alliance, which ruled from 1428 to 1521 in what is now central Mexico, is considered to be the first state to implement a system of universal compulsory education, although earlier Nahua states may have had it as well.

Early Modern Era
The Protestant Reformation prompted the establishment of compulsory education for boys and girls, first in regions that are now part of Germany, and later in Europe and in the United States.

Martin Luther's seminal text An die Ratsherren aller Städte deutschen Landes (To the Councillors of all Towns in German Countries, 1524) called for establishing compulsory schooling so that all parishioners would be able to read the Bible by themselves. The Protestant South-West of the Holy Roman Empire soon followed suit. In 1559, the German Duchy Württemberg established a compulsory education system for boys. In 1592, the German Duchy Palatine Zweibrücken became the first territory in the world with compulsory education for girls and boys, followed in 1598 by Strasbourg, then a free city of the Holy Roman Empire and now part of France.

In Scotland, the School Establishment Act 1616 commanded every parish to establish a school for everyone paid for by parishioners. The Parliament of Scotland confirmed this with the Education Act 1633 and created a local land-based tax to provide the required funding. The required majority support of parishioners, however, provided a tax evasion loophole which heralded the Education Act 1646. The turmoil of the age meant that in 1661 there was a temporary reversion to the less compulsory 1633 position. However, a new Education Act 1696 re-established the compulsory provision of a school in every parish with a system of fines, sequestration, and direct government implementation as a means of enforcement where required, making Scotland the first country with national compulsory education.

In the United States, following Luther and other Reformers, the Separatist Congregationalists who founded Plymouth Colony in 1620, obliged parents to teach their children how to read and write. The Massachusetts School Laws, three legislative acts enacted in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1642, 1647, and 1648, are commonly regarded as the first steps toward compulsory education in the United States. The 1647 law, in particular, required every town having more than 50 families to hire a teacher, and every town of more than 100 families to establish a school. The Puritan zeal for learning was reflected in the early and rapid rise of educational institutions; e.g., Harvard College was founded as early as 1636.

Prussia implemented a modern compulsory education system in 1763. It was introduced by the Generallandschulreglement (General School Regulation), a decree of Frederick the Great in 1763–5. The Generallandschulreglement, authored by Johann Julius Hecker, asked for all young citizens, girls and boys, to be educated from age 5 to age 13–14 and to be provided with a basic outlook on (Christian) religion, singing, reading and writing based on a regulated, state-provided curriculum of text books. The teachers, often former soldiers, were asked to cultivate silk worms to make a living besides contributions from the local citizens and municipalities.

In Austria, Hungary and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (Czech lands), mandatory primary education was introduced by Empress Maria Theresa in 1774.

Late Modern Era
Compulsory school attendance based on the Prussian model gradually spread to other countries. It was quickly adopted by the governments in Denmark-Norway and Sweden, and also in Finland, Estonia and Latvia within the Russian Empire, and later England and Wales and France.

Due to population growth and the proliferation of compulsory education, UNESCO calculated in 2006 that over the subsequent 30 years, more people would receive formal education than in all prior human history.

France
France was slow to introduce compulsory education, this time due to conflicts between the secular state and the Catholic Church,[20] and as a result between anti-clerical and Catholic political parties. During the July Monarchy, government officials proposed a variety of public primary education provisions, culminating in the Guizot Law of 28 June 1833. The Guizot law mandated that all communes provide education for boys and required that schools implement a curriculum focused on religious and moral instruction. The first set of Jules Ferry Laws, passed in 1881, extended the central government's role in education well beyond the provisions of the Guizot Law, and made primary education free for girls and boys. In 1882, the second set of Jules Ferry Laws made education compulsory for girls and boys until the age of 13. In 1936, the upper age limit was raised to 14. In 1959, it was further extended to 16.

United States
In 1852, Massachusetts was the first U.S. state to pass a compulsory universal public education law. In particular, the Massachusetts General Court required every town to create and operate a grammar school. Fines were imposed on parents who did not send their children to school, and the government took the power to take children away from their parents and apprentice them to others if government officials decided that the parents were "unfit to have the children educated properly." In 1918, Mississippi became the last state to enact a compulsory attendance law.

In 1922 an attempt was made by the voters of Oregon to enact the Oregon Compulsory Education Act, which would require all children between the ages of 8 and 16 to attend public schools, only leaving exceptions for mentally or physically unfit children, exceeding a certain living distance from a state school, or having written consent from a county superintendent to receive private instruction. The law was passed by popular vote but was later ruled unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court in Pierce v. Society of Sisters, determining that "a child is not a mere creature of the state." This case settled the dispute about whether or not private schools had the right to do business and educate within the United States.

Russia/USSR
In the Soviet Union, a compulsory education provision law was implemented in 1930. State-provided education during this era was primarily focused on eradicating illiteracy. In line with the overall goals of the regime's Five Year Plans, the motivation behind education provision and literacy instruction was to ”train a new generation of technically skilled and scientifically literate citizens.” Industrial development needed more skilled workers of all kinds. No possible source of talent could be left untapped, and the only way of meeting these needs was by the rapid development of a planned system of mass education.” Soviet schools “responded to the economic requirements of society” by emphasizing “basic formation in math, and polytechnic knowledge related to economic production.” The Soviet regime's deliberate expansion of mass education supremacy was what most impressed the U.S. education missions to the USSR in the 1950s.

China
China's nine-year compulsory education was formally established in 1986 as part of its economic modernization program. It was designed to promote "universalization", the closure of the education gap by economic development and between rural and urban areas by provision of safe and high-quality schools. The program initially faced shortages due to a huge population and weak economic foundation, but by 1999 primary and junior middle schools respectively served 90% and 85% of the national population.

1700s

 * 1739: Denmark-Norway
 * 1763: Prussia
 * 1774: 🇦🇹 Austria

1800s

 * 1805: 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein
 * 1814: 🇩🇰 Denmark
 * 1817: Travancore
 * 1824: Ottoman Empire
 * 1834: 🇬🇷 Greece
 * 1841: Hawaii
 * 1842: 🇸🇪 Sweden
 * 1844: 🇵🇹 Portugal
 * 1852: Massachusetts
 * 1857: 🇪🇸 Spain
 * 1864: Washington, D.C., 🇷🇴 Romania
 * 1867: Vermont
 * 1868: 🇲🇪 Montenegro
 * 1869: 🇮🇹 Italy, 🇨🇷 Costa Rica
 * 1870: 🇨🇴 Colombia
 * 1871: Michigan,  New Hampshire,  Washington,  Ontario,  Western Australia
 * 1872: 🇯🇵 Japan, 🏴 Scotland, Connecticut (de facto unenforceable),  Victoria
 * 1873: Nevada,  British Columbia
 * 1874: 🇨🇭 Switzerland, Kansas,  New York,  California
 * 1875: New Jersey,  Maine,  South Australia
 * 1876: Wyoming, 🇬🇾 Guyana, 🇸🇷 Suriname
 * 1877: 🇳🇿 New Zealand, 🇺🇾 Uruguay, Ohio,  Prince Edward Island
 * 1878: 🇧🇬 Bulgaria
 * 1879: Wisconsin
 * 1880: 🏴 England, 🏴 Wales, New South Wales, 🇻🇪 Venezuela
 * 1882: 🇫🇷 France, 🇷🇸 Serbia
 * 1883: Montana,  Illinois,  North Dakota,  South Dakota,  Rhode Island,  Nova Scotia
 * 1884: 🇦🇷 Argentina
 * 1885: Minnesota
 * 1886: 🇨🇴 Colombia (abolished)
 * 1887: Idaho,  Nebraska
 * 1889: Oregon,  Colorado
 * 1890: 🇧🇧 Barbados, Utah
 * 1891: New Mexico
 * 1892: 🇮🇪 Ireland
 * 1895: Pennsylvania
 * 1896: Kentucky,  Hawaii
 * 1897: 🇪🇨 Ecuador, Indiana,  West Virginia
 * 1899: Arizona, 🇵🇷 Puerto Rico

1900s

 * 1900: 🇳🇱 Netherlands, Queensland
 * 1902: Iowa,  Maryland
 * 1904: 🇬🇺 Guam
 * 1905: 🇵🇪 Peru, Tennessee,  Missouri,  New Brunswick
 * 1906: 🇳🇦 Namibia (only for white children with less than 4 km to the nearest school)
 * 1907: 🇮🇸 Iceland, Delaware,  North Carolina,  Oklahoma
 * 1908: Virginia
 * 1909: 🇵🇾 Paraguay, Arkansas,  Saskatchewan
 * 1910: Louisiana,  Alberta
 * 1912: 🇱🇺 Luxembourg
 * 1913: 🇦🇱 Albania
 * 1915: Alabama,  South Carolina,  Florida,  Texas
 * 1916: Georgia (U.S. state),  Manitoba,  Tasmania
 * 1917: 🇲🇽 Mexico, 🇬🇮 Gibraltar
 * 1918: Mississippi
 * 1919: 🇧🇪 Belgium, 🇵🇱 Poland (only for children with less than 3 km to the nearest school), 🇱🇻 Latvia, all of 🇩🇪 Germany (Weimar Constitution)
 * 1920: 🇨🇱 Chile, 🇪🇪 Estonia, Eswatini (white children only)
 * 1921: 🇫🇮 Finland, 🇹🇭 Thailand
 * 1923: 🇳🇷 Nauru
 * 1924: Ukrainian SSR
 * 1925: 🇲🇳 Mongolia
 * 1926: Byelorussian SSR
 * 1927: 🇨🇴 Colombia (reintroduced)
 * 1929: Alaska
 * 1930: 🇮🇳 India, USSR
 * 1935: 🇦🇫 Afghanistan
 * 1942: Newfoundland
 * 1943: Quebec, 🇮🇷 Iran
 * 1946: 🇲🇹 Malta
 * 1949: 🇮🇱 Israel
 * 1951: 🇱🇾 Libya
 * 1952: 🇯🇴 Jordan
 * 1953: 🇪🇬 Egypt, 🇰🇷 South Korea
 * 1956: 🇵🇱 Poland (all children)
 * 1960: 🇹🇩 Chad
 * 1961: 🇬🇭 Ghana
 * 1962: 🇨🇾 Cyprus, 🇲🇱 Mali
 * 1963: 🇩🇿 Algeria, 🇲🇦 Morocco
 * 1964: 🇲🇿 Mozambique (children with less than three miles to the nearest school)
 * 1965: 🇰🇼 Kuwait
 * 1968: Republic of China
 * 1971: 🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates
 * 1973: 🇮🇩 Indonesia
 * 1975: 🇸🇴 Somalia
 * 1976: 🇮🇶 Iraq
 * 1981: 🇸🇨 Seychelles, Syria
 * 1986: People's Republic of China
 * 1988: 🇧🇷 Brazil, 🇵🇭 Philippines
 * 1990: 🇧🇩 Bangladesh, 🇾🇪 Yemen, 🇳🇦 Namibia (all children)
 * 1991: 🇹🇳 Tunisia
 * 1994: 🇼🇸 Samoa
 * 1996: Laos, 🇦🇫 Afghanistan (abolished for women)
 * 1998: 🇱🇧 Lebanon, 🇸🇩 Sudan

2000s

 * 2000: 🇸🇬 Singapore
 * 2001: 🇦🇫 Afghanistan (reintroduced for women), 🇲🇷 Mauritania
 * 2003: 🇱🇷 Liberia, 🇲🇾 Malaysia, 🇸🇱 Sierra Leone
 * 2005: 🇧🇭 Bahrain
 * 2007: Brunei
 * 2008: 🇺🇬 Uganda, 🇴🇲 Oman
 * 2009: Connecticut (enforceable misdemeanor, unenforceable prior to 2009)
 * 2010: 🇱🇸 Lesotho
 * 2021: 🇦🇫 Afghanistan (secondary school abolished for women)

Countries without compulsory education

 * 🇧🇹 Bhutan
 * 🇵🇬 Papua New Guinea
 * 🇸🇧 Solomon Islands
 * 🇻🇦 Vatican City – note: Since the Disappearance of Emanuela Orlandi, citizenship requirements have been tightened for non-religious lay residents of Vatican City, and a minimum age of 25 was imposed.

By country
The following table indicates at what ages compulsory education starts and ends in different countries. The most common age for starting compulsory education is 6, but that varies between 3 and 8.

Criticism
While compulsory education is mostly seen as important and useful, compulsory schooling is seen by some as obsolete and counterproductive in today's world and has repeatedly been the subject of sharp criticism. Critics of compulsory schooling argue that such education violates the freedom of children; is a method of political control; is ineffective at teaching children how to deal with the "real world" outside of school; and may have negative effects on children, leading to higher rates of apathy, bullying, stress, and depression.

title: Compulsory education


text: File:ImaginationCover.jpg

title: File:ImaginationCover.jpg


text: Talk:Matthew 3:5

title: Talk:Matthew 3:5


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/ICFPS

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Joyous (talk) 18:09, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

ICFPS
I suspect this is a vanity page. The original author was anonymous and appears to be the same as the author, and the only page that links here is his page. I'd also say it could be nonnotable. Jdavidb 14:29, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete: Per the official website this is still in very early release, and can hardly be widely-used yet. When the software becomes notable, someone can write a better article. Robert A West 14:55, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable software. Google gives only 20 hits. -Harmil 16:36, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Dcarrano 17:32, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/ICFPS


text: Talk:Matthew 3:6

title: Talk:Matthew 3:6


text:
Beltrán Alfonso Osorio, 18th Duke of Alburquerque

Beltrán Alfonso Osorio y Díez de Rivera, 18th Duke of Alburquerque, GE, OSL (15 December 1918 – 7 February 1994 ), also known as the 'Iron Duke' of Alburquerque, was a Spanish peer and jockey. A profound monarchist, he was a close friend and confidant of the heir to the throne of Spain, the Count of Barcelona, who he served as the Head of his Household from 1954 to 1993.

Beltrán was born in Madrid to one of the great noble houses of Spain. At its peak, the House of Alburquerque held 18 titles in the peerage of Spain, 6 of which had the status of Grandee. His father, Miguel Osorio y Martos, 17th Duke of Alburquerque, was Gentilhombre Grandee of king Alfonso XIII while his mother was Inés Díez de Rivera y Figueroa, daughter of the Counts of Almodóvar, also Grandees of Spain. The closeness of the Dukes of Alburquerque to the kings of Spain had existed for many generations; the 8th, 15th and 16th duke had all been Mayordomos mayores or Heads of the Royal Household. Aspiring to become an engineer was soon frustrated by the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, which resulted in his enlistment in the cavalry of the nationalist faction, eventually becoming lieutenant colonel.

His passion for equestrianism emerged after he was given his first pony age 5. On his 8th birthday, his father gifted him with a newsreel clip of the 1926 Grand National. He thereafter became enthusiastic with the idea of competing in it. The duke quickly became one of the promising horse riders of his home club, Puerta de Hierro, rising to prominence when he competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics and later at the 1960 Summer Olympics. His jockey career began when he came second in the Sussex Stakes at Lingfield Park. Despite the duke's unhelpfully tall physique, he finally rode the Grand National as "gentleman rider" in 1952. Osorio also took part in 1963, 1965, 1966, 1973, when he already had 16 bone screws; in 1974, when he finished in a respectable 8th place; and aged 58 in 1976, breaking 7 ribs and vertebrae, his right wrist and femur as well as suffering a severe concussion that gave him a two-day coma. As a result, the Jockey Club stewards declined to renew his riding permit and it was widely said that should he continue, "the hospital would run out of screws and the duke out of legs".

The Duke of Alburquerque continued riding in Europe until he was 65. He retired leaving behind an extremely popular legacy, particularly in Britain, where he is remembered for his "courageous and injury-defying performances" at Aintree in which he and his horse "Nereo" became fundamental. On his death in 1994, a racing journalist described him as "an immensely popular character in British racing who cut the distinctive figure of being a tall, slender man with the nose and prominent chin of the traditional Spanish Grandee, closely resembling a Punch cartoon."

Biography
He was born in Madrid, his parents being Miguel Osorio y Martos, 17th Duke of Alburquerque, and Inés Díez de Rivera y Figueroa, daughter of the 5th Count of Almodóvar, who was also a Grandee.

In 1936, when he had not yet reached the legal age, he participated in the Spanish Civil War, on the Battle of Somosierra, later fighting in the Infantry Regiment of Navarre, at the command of the 4th Company of the Tercio de San Fermín, later passing to the Cavalry Regiment of the Army of the Centre. At the end of the war, he entered the General Military Academy, from which he left with the rank of lieutenant.

From 1954, and until 1993, he held the position of Head of the House of the Count of Barcelona, and for his service and dedication Juan Carlos I of Spain made him a knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.

Jockey career
The duke became obsessed with winning Britain's Grand National Steeplechase horse race after watching a film of the race on his eighth birthday. However, each of his attempts ended in failure.

On his first attempt in 1952, he fell from his horse, waking up later in hospital with a cracked vertebra. He tried to win again in 1963, and fell from his horse yet again. (Bookies placed a bet of 66-1 against him finishing still on the horse). He raced again in 1965, but again fell from his horse after it collapsed underneath him, breaking his leg.

In 1974, after having sixteen screws removed from a leg he had broken after falling in another race, he also fell while training for the Grand National and broke his collarbone. He then competed in a plaster cast in the race, this time managing to finish, but only in eighth place.

In 1976, the duke fell again during the race, this time being trampled by other horses. He suffered seven broken ribs, several broken vertebrae, a broken wrist, a broken thigh, and a severe concussion which left him in a coma for two days.

At 57, the Iron Duke still tried to compete, but officials revoked his licence for "his own safety". He never won the Grand National, but broke more bones than any other jockey in attempting to do so.

Legacy
Alburquerque died in February 1994. His eldest son and heir, Juan Miguel Osorio y Bertrán de Lis (b. 1958), succeeded him as Duke of Alburquerque and most of his other titles in November of that year.

Jaime Peñafiel, a prominent journalist and lawyer in Spain, wrote of him at his death:

"Although generalising always runs the risk of being unfair and even offending by exclusion, I cannot resist the temptation to describe the death of the Duke of Alburquerque as that of the last Spanish gentleman. Understanding by such the preconceived image that one has of a gentleman. Whether born in Spain or the United Kingdom: tall, thin like an El Greco character, elegant like an English lord, polite, kind and loyal. In Britain, the Duke of Alburquerque was simply known as 'The Gentleman.' A gentleman of bow and heel-click. Don Beltrán (he could not be called otherwise) Osorio y Díez de Rivera also responded to the image that Montesquieu had of a great lord: «A man who sees the king, speaks with the ministers, has ancestors and properties."

Marriage and issue
He married firstly, in the Church of Saint Anthony of the Germans in Madrid on 2 October 1952, Teresa Bertrán de Lis y Pidal (1923-1969), daughter of Vicente Carlos Luis Bertrán de Lis y Gurowski, 2nd Marquess of Bondad Real (himself a grandchild of Infanta Isabel Fernanda of Spain), and his wife María de la Concepción Pidal y Chico de Guzmán, of the House of the Marquesses of Pidal. She died in a car accident when her vehicle collided with that of Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, son of Rafael Trujillo, who would die a few days later. There were three children by this first marriage:

 * Juan Miguel Osorio y Bertrán de Lis, 19th Duke of Alburquerque, who continues the line.
 * Teresa Osorio y Bertrán de Lis (b. 1962).
 * María Osorio y Bertrán de Lis (b. 1966), 14th Countess of Villaumbrosa.

He married secondly, in Estoril on 27 June 1974, María Cristina Malcampo y San Miguel (1935-2004), 15th Duchess of Parque, 7th Duchess of San Lorenzo de Valhermoso, 9th Marchioness of Casa Villavicencio, 9th Marchioness of San Rafael, 4th Countess of Joló, 3rd Viscountess of Mindanao, twice Grandee of Spain. There were two children by this second marriage:

 * María Cristina Osorio y Malcampo (b. 1975), 8th Duchess of San Lorenzo de Valhermoso, 5th Countess of Joló, 4th Viscountess of Mindanao and 10th Marchioness of Casa Villavicencio.
 * María Rosa Osorio y Malcampo (*b. 1978), 16th Duchess of Parque and 10th Marchioness of San Rafael.

Dukedoms

 * 18th Duke of Alburquerque (GE)
 * 7th Duke of Algete (GE)

Marquessates

 * 19th Marquess of Alcañices (GE)
 * 11th Marquess of Balbases (GE)
 * 13th Marquess of Cadreita
 * 17th Marquess of Cuéllar
 * 9th Marquess of Cullera
 * 13th Marquess of Montaos

Countships

 * 12th Count of la Corzana (GE)
 * 16th Count of Fuensaldaña
 * 16th Count of Grajal
 * 18th Count of Huelma
 * 18th Count of Ledesma
 * 15th Count of la Torre
 * 14th Count of Villanueva de Cañedo
 * 12th Count of Villaumbrosa

Honours

 * 🇪🇸 House of Bourbon: Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (1993)
 * 🇪🇸 House of Bourbon: Knight of the Order of Santiago (1982)
 * 🇪🇸 House of Bourbon: Knight Grand Cross of Justice of the Order of Saint Lazarus
 * 🇪🇸 Spain: Knight of the Order of Sports Merit


text:
Pinwheel nebula

A pinwheel nebula is a nebulous region in the shape of a pinwheel.

Spiral galaxies
The term 'Pinwheel nebula' is an antiquated misnomer used by observers before Edwin Hubble realized that many of these spiral shaped nebulae were actually 'island universes' or what we now call galaxies.

Wolf–Rayet nebulae
Some Wolf–Rayet stars are surrounded by pinwheel nebulae. These nebulae are formed from the dust that is spewed out of a binary star system. The stellar winds of the two stars collide and form two dust lanes that spiral outward with the rotation of the system. An example of this is WR 104.

title: Pinwheel nebula


text:
Nersingen

Nersingen is a municipality in the District of Neu-Ulm in Bavaria, Germany. The neighbours are Neu-Ulm, Elchingen, Bibertal and Pfaffenhofen an der Roth.

Geographic location
Through the area of Nersingen flow three rivers: The Danube in the north and her both supply rivers, Roth and Leibi, which cross Nersingen from south to north. Also, there are some water ditches and some excavator lakes, which resulted from gravel quarrying. The most part of Nersingen is on the gravellic ground.

Municipality arrangement
The municipality of Nersingen consists of the principal village of Nersingen and the part villages Straß, Leibi, Unterfahlheim, and Oberfahlheim.

Companies
Hilti AG in Straß

Traffic
Nersingen lies next to the Bundesautobahn 7 and the train line Ulm - Munich. The Bundesstraße 10 passes the municipality parts Unterfahlheim, Oberfahlheim and Nersingen.

Education
There are two elementary schools and one elementary and principal school.

Objects of interest

 * "Bräuhaus Seybold" in Nersingen
 * "Museum für bildende Kunst" in Oberfahlheim
 * Church "St. Johann Baptist" in Straß
 * Church "St. Dionysius" in Oberfahlheim
 * Church "St. Nikolaus" in Nersingen

title: Nersingen


text: Talk:Matthew 3:7

title: Talk:Matthew 3:7


text:
Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius (video game)

Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius is a video game based on the 2001 Nickelodeon movie of the same name for Microsoft Windows, Game Boy Advance, GameCube, and PlayStation 2.

Debi Derryberry, Rob Paulsen, Mark DeCarlo, Frank Welker, Candi Milo, Jeffrey Garcia, Carolyn Lawrence, Crystal Scales and Megan Cavanagh reprise their voices from the movie in this game. However, in the console version, Wally Wingert does the voice of Rob Paulsen's characters.

Console Versions
The game is a 3-D adventure starring a boy named James Isaac Neutron (or Jimmy Neutron for short) and his robot dog Goddard. In the game, the evil King Goobot has abducted some of Jimmy's friends, so Jimmy must begin an intergalactic quest to save them. While progressing through various locales inspired by the movie, players need to solve puzzles using an assortment of gadgets. Also included are various mini-games to play within an amusement park, as well as hidden movie clips, Rugrats and SpongeBob trailers, character bios, and movie trailers to be unlocked.

Played from a traditional third-person perspective, the game consists of five distinct regions linked together by a main hub. Once players decide on a region, they can enter a portal and then be whisked away to a 3D world. Among the environments players explore are Jimmy's House, an Asteroid Surface, an Asteroid Interior, Yolkus Prime, and Retroland Amusement Park. Each region spans multiple levels, with the goal in each being to find a number of key items and special prizes and a shrunken head. A secondary goal in some levels is to locate friends Carl Wheezer, Cindy Vortex, Rose, Nissa, and Zachary.

Enemies trying to stop Jimmy from succeeding include giant ants and the blob-like Yokians, with villains Ooblar, Poultra, and King Goobot forming the boss encounters. Players can run, jump, kick, and use an assortment of inventions. Health can be replenished by finding slices of blueberry pie, extra lives are awarded for every ten neutrons found, and weapons include the Shrink Ray, Inflato Ray, and the Jimmy Bat. Three types of vehicles can also be used to traverse the levels, the Goddard Pogo, the Goddard Sled, and the Goddard Scooter.

Bonus features include a behind the scenes feature hosted by Nick Cannon, as well as footage from the movie, shorts, and trailers can be unlocked.

PC Version
A completely different version of the game was developed by AWE Games for PC. Like the Console Versions it is a 3-D game, however this version is more of an open world title with areas that can be explored being Jimmy's House and Neighborhood, Jimmy's Lab, Retroville Elementary School, Retroland, Area 51, and Downtown Retroville. These areas can mostly be entered through connected sites, though as these areas are visited, Jimmy is capable of using phone booths to fast travel to these areas. The control system is different and has been tailored for keyboard and mouse controls.

In addition to the main plot, there are several side quests that encourage players to explore. There are escaped carnivorous plants and T-Rexes that Jimmy must use his shrink ray on to collect them and return them to his lab. There are also Red and Blue Neutrons scattered throughout the world. Blue Neutrons act as fuel for Jimmy's jetpack, while Red Neutrons act as a type of special collectable found in obscure or hard to reach places.

As the game progresses, Jimmy gets access to several inventions which aid his progress and encourage exploration further, most of these inventions include optional tutorial levels that teach players how to use them. The use of all these inventions are necessary to find all the Red Neutrons in each environment and complete the game.

Most notably, despite not reprising his role in the console versions, Rob Paulsen lends his voice to this version of the game.

Reception
Metacritic gave the GameCube version of the game a score of 42 out of 100 based on four "Generally unfavorable reviews". Elsewhere, GameRankings gave it a score of 81.67% for the Game Boy Advance version, 69% for the PlayStation 2 version, and 40.57% for the GameCube version.

title: Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius (video game)


text:
José Frèches

José Frèches (born 25 June 1950, in Dax, Landes) is a French historical novelist with novels set in China.

His first trilogy The Jade Disk is a story, set during the Warring States period in disunited China. It tells the story of the character of the rich merchant and eventual prime-minister Lü Buwei - real father of the first emperor of China Qin Shi Huang. It portrays the struggles between the other kingdoms and Kingdom of Qin, destined to unite China.

His second trilogy The Empress of Silk is set in Medieval China during the Tang dynasty. It depicts the story of Emperor Gaozong, the third emperor of Tang and his prominent and ambitious wife Wu Zetian, who, after his death, virtually became the ruler of the country and the only ruling empress in the history of China.

His latest series The Empire of Tears is set in mid-19th-century China, at the time of the First and Second Opium Wars, when the Qing dynasty is struggling and slowly decaying.

The Empress of Silk (L'impératrice de la soie)

 * 1) The Roof of the World (Le toit du monde)
 * 2) The Eyes of Buddha (Les yeux de Bouddha)
 * 3) The Usurping One (L'usurpatrice)

The Jade Disc (Le disque de jade)

 * 1) Celestial Horses (Les chevaux célestes)
 * 2) Golden Fish (Poisson d’or)
 * 3) Immortal Islands (Les îles immortelles)

The Empire of Tears (L'empire des larmes)

 * 1) Opium Wars (La guerre de l'opium)
 * 2) The Sack of the Summer Castle ( Le sac du Palais d'Été)

Novels

 * Art & co (art & cie)
 * Me, Buddha (Moi, Bouddha)
 * Calling Center (Le centre d'appel)
 * Once upon a time in China (Il était une fois la Chine)

Non-fiction

 * Toulouse-Lautrec : Les lumières de la nuit, collab. with Claire Frèches, collection « Découvertes Gallimard » (nº 132), série Arts. Paris: Éditions Gallimard, 1991, new edition in 2019
 * Toulouse-Lautrec: Painter of the Night, 'New Horizons' series. London: Thames & Hudson, 1994
 * Toulouse-Lautrec: Scenes of the Night, "Abrams Discoveries" series. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994
 * Le Caravage : Peintre et assassin, collection « Découvertes Gallimard » (nº 254), série Arts. Paris: Éditions Gallimard, 1995, new edition in 2012

title: José Frèches