text:
Old Mariscal Sucre International Airport

Mariscal Sucre International Airport was the main international airport that served Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador. It was the busiest airport in Ecuador by passenger traffic, by aircraft movement and by cargo movement, and one of the busiest airports in South America. It was named after Venezuelan-born Antonio José de Sucre, a hero of Ecuadorian and Latin American independence. It began operations on August 5, 1960, and during its last years of operation, handled about 6.2 million passengers and 164,000 metric tons of freight per year. The airport, one of the highest in the world (at 2800 m AMSL) was located in the northern part of the city, in the Chaupicruz parish, within five minutes of Quito's financial center; the terminals were located at the intersection of Amazonas and La Prensa avenues. Mariscal Sucre International was the largest hub for TAME with an average of 50 daily departures.

The old Mariscal Sucre International Airport ceased all operations at 19:00 on February 19, 2013, following the departure of TAME flight 321 to Guayaquil (scheduled for 18:55). Iberia operated the final international departure from the airport. On the morning of February 20, 2013, all operations moved to the new airport of the same name. The first domestic flights scheduled to arrive at the new airport were TAME Flight 302 originating in Guayaquil, and LAN Flight 2590 originating in Lima, Peru. The new airport is located in the Tababela parish, about 18 km to the east of the city. It was constructed by a private consortium.

The former airport is now the site of Parque Bicentenario, the biggest urban park in Quito.

Due to its location in the middle of a city surrounded by mountains, the old airport could no longer be expanded to accommodate any larger aircraft or an increase in air traffic. Its operation posed risks; several serious accidents and incidents had occurred in years prior to its closure.

History
Mariscal Sucre International Airport was inaugurated in 1960, the main terminal was designed during the government of President Velasco Ibarra. The present terminal and concourses (A, B and C) were refurbished in 2003, consisting of several taxiways, maintenance platforms, parking areas, a cellar, passenger halls, mezzanine areas and other amenities. Terminal B consisted of two floors; the lower level held the departures area with executive waiting rooms and restaurants, and the upper level consisted of airline and airport offices.

The airport had ten gates, five with Jet bridges and five with stairs.

Runway safety area
The airport had a runway safety area, built in 1999–2000 as a consequence of the crash of Cubana de Aviación Flight 389 in August 1998. The structure was erected in the immediate and adjacent areas to the start of runway 17 (end of runway 35), from where Flight 389 had strayed after its aborted take-off, which killed 81 people both in the jetliner and on the ground. The project, which involved private and public property expropriation, erected a horizontal berm-like platform 280 meters long and 92 meters wide that increased the runway excursion space for planes to stop in case of an aborted takeoff or a bad landing.

The safety zone covered all or part of the places through which the Cubana Tu-154 had passed before stopping. Tufiño Avenue, which circles the start of runway 17, had a two-way tunnel built to allow vehicular traffic under the new structure. Nearby streets and other surrounding residential areas and businesses were also protected from accidents by the new construction. The safety zone was finished and inaugurated in mid-July 2000.

TAME's main hub
On 10 December 2000, TAME officially opened its hub in Quito, offering an estimated 2,000 possible connections per week, including greater numbers of frequencies, schedules and destinations served. Connections between domestic and international destinations were operated directly and through code sharing agreements with airlines such as TACA Airlines and Copa Airlines.

Operations out of Quito allowed travelers to connect between domestic destinations (such as Guayaquil to Galápagos), from a domestic destination to an international destination (Such as Tena to Cali), from an international destination to a domestic city (Such as Cali to Tulcán), between two international destinations (Such as Bogota to Panama City) and allows for simpler codeshare connections (such as Lima to Santa Rosa with TACA Airlines and TAME).

The hub also featured facilities for easier transits, such as exclusive check-in counters for travelers in transit, buses for internal transportation between Terminals A & B, and two special lounges for national and international transit passengers to avoid having to go through Ecuadorian customs and immigration between transits.

TAME's hub transferred to Mariscal Sucre International Airport in Tababela on February 19, 2013.

Facilities
The airport consisted of one terminal split into national and international sections. It was equipped with five swing gates capable of directing arriving passengers to either immigration or to baggage claim. In addition, there were numerous ground slots where passengers walked to the aircraft from the terminal.

VIP lounges
Mariscal Sucre Airport had 4 VIP Salons in the terminals A and B. For passengers of AeroGal, there was an exclusive salon near gate 2,"AeroGal VIP Club". Passengers of TAME had access to the "TAME" VIP Lounge in terminal B, a lounge that was exclusively for first and business class passengers. This area was nominated as the best VIP lounge of the year in Ecuador, the "QUIPORT VIP Club", and a lesser VIP Lounge, the "American Airlines Admirals Club" in the gate 10.

Transportation
Transportation between the airport and city was provided by taxis, tour buses and vans. For security reasons, visitors were recommended to take only those taxis offered by registered companies at the airport Terminal A arrivals area.

Former terminals, airlines and destinations
The airlines listed in bold are currently in operation and serve the new Quito airport while the airlines listed in italics are also in operation but no longer serve Quito.

Domestic Passenger Terminal
This terminal served national arrivals and departures, the airlines that served here were:

International Passenger Terminal
This terminal served international arrivals and departures, the airlines, defunct or still operating, were:

Cargo airlines and destinations
These destinations were served from the Cargo Terminal.

Accidents and incidents

 * 29 November 2012: A Boeing 737-800 of Copa Airlines went off the runway during landing, leaving the main landing gear about 3 feet from the concrete. There were no injuries and the accident was caused by heavy rain falling at the time.
 * 16 September 2011: TAME flight 148 from Loja, 97 passengers & 6 crew, slipped off the runway at 19:11. A government official said some passengers suffered "light contusions", but none perished. Airport operations were halted for 3.5 hrs.
 * 27 October 2009: An Ecuadorian Air Force HAL Dhruv helicopter crashed during display maneuvers at Mariscal Sucre International Airport, with both pilots sustaining only minor scratches and no casualties. The aircraft was flying in military formation with two other helicopters.
 * 19 March 2009: An Ecuadorian Air Force Beechcraft B200 King Air struck a building in the Guápulo district of Quito while on approach to Mariscal Sucre International Airport in heavy fog. All five occupants of the aircraft were killed, as well as two people on the ground.
 * 23 September 2008: An Icaro Air Fokker F28 Mk4000 skidded off the runway. There were no injuries among the 62 passengers, but the aircraft was written off.
 * 9 November 2007: An Iberia Airbus A340-600 operating Iberia Flight 6463 was badly damaged after sliding off runway 35 and coming to a stop in the runway safety area. The landing gear collapsed and two engines were dislodged. All 333 passengers and crew were evacuated via inflatable slides, but no serious injuries were reported.
 * 20 April 2005: Angry protesters breached the airport perimeter with vehicles and blocked the runway, resulting in the closure of the airport for several hours. This occurred as deposed President Lucio Gutiérrez attempted to flee the capital in an Ecuadorian Army Super King Air, shortly after being ousted by a popular revolt that same day, which forced him to leave Carondelet Palace (and later being finally removed by the Congress). The protester's assault forced the pilots to abort takeoff, after which Gutiérrez boarded an Army helicopter; which had earlier removed him from Carondelet Palace and took him to the airport, and fled to the safe haven of the Brazilian ambassador's residency in Quito before leaving into exile.
 * 17 January 2003: A TAME Fokker F28 Mk4000 suffered a runway excursion after takeoff was aborted due to a tire blowout. The nose gear collapsed, and the aircraft came to rest 81 m past the runway threshold and into the runway safety area. There were no injuries.
 * 29 August 1998: Cubana de Aviación Flight 389, a Tupolev Tu-154M overshot the runway, killing the 14-member crew, 56 of the 77 passengers and 10 people on the ground. The accident led to the construction of a runway safety area at the end of runway 35 (start of runway 17).
 * 1 May 1996: A Fly Linhas Aéreas Boeing 727-200 aborted takeoff in rainy weather, but overshot the runway, crossing a road that lay at the end of runway 35. The aircraft was fully loaded. No injuries were reported. on the plane were the players of a Brazilian Corinthians soccer team.
 * 3 May 1995: The pilot of a Gulfstream II operated by American Jet, inbound from Buenos Aires via La Paz, selected the wrong VOR frequency during a nighttime approach to Quito; the jet flew 12 mi further south than it should have, striking the Sincholagua volcano at 16000 ft. All seven occupants were killed. The flight was carrying an important number of oil executives from Argentina and Chile to a meeting in Quito. Amongst those killed was Argentine YPF's CEO and president José Estenssoro, who had led privatization efforts under Carlos Menem; Juan Pedrals Gili, the Spanish-born general manager of Chilean ENAP as well as Manfred Hecht Mittersteiner, chief of production at ENAP's international subsidiary Sipetrol.
 * 10 December 1992: A North American Sabreliner 60 operated by the Ecuadorian Air Force clipped a 10-story building under construction 3 km south of the airport. The aircraft crashed into a residential area, killing all 10 on board and 3 on the ground.
 * 3 June 1988: an Ecuadorian Air Force North American Sabreliner NA265-40A crashed in Quito, killing all 11 people on board including the commander of the Ecuadorian Air Force, and a high-ranking officer of Israeli Air Force
 * 18 September 1984: An AECA (Aeroservicios Ecuatorianos) Douglas DC-8-50 freighter failed to achieve altitude during takeoff, running off the end of the runway and crashing into a residential area 460 m past the runway, destroying 25 houses, killing all 4 crewmembers and 49 people on the ground
 * 29 April 1982: A Lockheed C-130 Hercules operated by the Ecuadorian Air Force crashed into a mountain near Quito while executing a missed approach; 7 were killed.
 * 27 January 1980: An Avianca Boeing 727 landed too fast, too far down the runway, and consequently overran, collapsing the nosegear. No injuries were reported.
 * 7 November 1960: An AREA Ecuador F-27A struck the dormant Atacazo volcano in bad weather during its approach to the newly-opened Mariscal Sucre International Airport after a domestic flight from Simón Bolívar International Airport, in Guayaquil. The crash, 16 km south of Quito and 150 meters to the summit of the Atacazo, killed all the 37 occupants of the plane. This particular aircraft (msn. 1, reg. HC-ADV) was the first prototype of the Fairchild F-27, which had been sold to AREA Ecuador in 1959.  At the time, it was the worst aerial crash in the history of Ecuador, the first and worst fatal loss of an F-27, and the first accident involving the then-recently-opened Quito airport.


text:
Talk:Ethnic party

removal of non-justified "expert" banner
This article exists since july 2005, an anonymous contributor placed on january 7th a banner asking for an expert advice on it, without any justification in the discussion page. I therefore removed the banner. --Pylambert 10:32, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

Flemish 'Kartel'
A user suppressed the words Flemish 'Kartel' for municipal elections in Brussels, I disagree: on several occasions several Flemish parties bundled forces on 'Vlaams Kartel' lists for municipal elections in Brussels (see nl:Vlaams kartel). As these parties are quite obviously minority parties in every Brussels municipality, i.e. the parties of an ethnic or linguistic minority (in the average 15% of the population), this is indeed a case of an electoral coalition of ethnic parties. There were such Kartel lists in Sint-Lambrechts-Woluwe in 1976  and 1982, in Oudergem in 1976 , 1982  and 1988 , in Anderlecht in 1988 , in Etterbeek in 1976 , 1982  and 1988 , in Sint-Gillis in 1976 , 1982 , in Sint-Joost-ten-Node in 1982. --Pylambert 21:55, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

Fiji
Deleted POV again. Keep it off. Fiji does have 46 out of 71 seats ethnically reserved, but if that makes it "the most extreme case", you'd better source that claim as per Wikipedia policy, or else I'll keep on removing it.

BTW, the ethnic reservation of seats has not prevented multiracial parties from playing a vigorous role in the past. The [Alliance Party (Fiji)]] which ruled from 1970 to 1987 was multiracial (it had more support among Fijians to be sure, but also attracted up to 25 percent of the Indian vote), and the Fiji Labour Party was multiracial until Tupeni Baba left, with most of his Fijian supporters, in 2001. At the 1999 election, the FLP and its allies had won a majority of the seats; its power baswe was the Indian constituencies but several Fijians were elected on its ticket, and its Fijian ally, the Fijian Association Party, won a number of Fijian reserved seats.

I repeat: if you're going to claim that Fiji is the most extreme case of ethnic politics, you'd jolly well better be prepared to source that claim. "The most extreme" is a very POV expression, and Wikipedia will not tolerate it without substantiation. David Cannon 03:52, 5 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I restored the mention of the Fijian situation, without "most extreme case", even if I still consider that a combination of ethnic allocation of a majority of seats and of ethnic parties (even if all parties are not ethnic) makes it the most extreme case nowadays. The whole article is very clearly neutral and scientific, extreme doesn't have a negative meaning, I don't understand your problem with that adjective but I am not a native English speaker, I guess you know better. --Pylambert 10:31, 5 February 2006 (UTC)
 * OK, inbetween the problem has been solved. Thank you. --Pylambert 10:33, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

Name
Who counts as "minorities?" This list is only about ethnic minorities, so it should either be renamed Political parties of ethnic minorities (or somesuch), or it should be expanded to include other kinds of minorities (e.g. linguistic, religious, etc.). -Justin (koavf)·T·C·M 14:13, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

original research tag
If the whole article is original research (actually, it looks more like an attempt towards a typology of political parties of minorities), shouldn't the whole content be removed and replaced by a stub on the same topics ? What is the purpose of tagging articles without trying at least to improve them ? --Minorities observer (talk) 07:54, 23 August 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Political parties of minorities. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.wz-berlin.de/zkd/dsl/pdf/Enduring-ethnicity.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060913025014/http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/kokkalis/GSW7/Biziouras%20_paper_.pdf to http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/kokkalis/GSW7/Biziouras%20_paper_.pdf
 * Added tag to http://bss.sfsu.edu/ir/irjournal/WinterSpring01/BenjaminRogus.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:27, 25 May 2017 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Ethnic party


text:
Joel White

Joel McCoun White (December 21, 1930 – December 5, 1997) was an American naval architect.

Early life and education
Born in Manhattan, White was the son of the writer E. B. White and his wife Katharine Sergeant Angell White, fiction editor of The New Yorker. He was the son with whom E. B. White revisited the lake where he had gone on boyhood vacations, as chronicled in his 1941 essay "Once More to the Lake"; the essayist Roger Angell was his halfbrother. He grew up in North Brooklin, Maine and attended Cornell University, then transferred after two years to MIT, from where he graduated in 1953 with a bachelor's degree in naval architecture.

Career
White worked as a boat builder in Newport News, Virginia, served in the Army, then in 1960, in a former herring-packing plant, established Brooklin Boat Yard, where he became known for simple, classic craft from dinghies to yachts, mostly in wood. His Nutshell Pram, under 8 ft long, was sold in plywood kit form. The 15-foot Haven 12½ sailboat has a reputation for stability and for handling shallow water. The Bridges Point 24 is a 24-foot fiberglass sailboat. His last design, a 76-foot racing yacht in 1920s style, was realized and further developed by Donald Tofias, and has been named W-Class after White.

He contributed designs to WoodenBoat magazine and in 1988 published Wood, Water & Light: Classic Wooden Boats, with photographs by Benjamin Mendlowitz; in the New York Times, Christopher Lehmann-Haupt called it a "lovely work [that] includes a dinghy, a runabout, a lobsterboat, a peapod, a sardine carrier, an oceangoing yacht, several speedboats and all manner of sailboats".

Personal life and death
White and his wife, Allene, had two sons and a daughter. He died of lung cancer in 1997 at home in Brooklin.

title: Joel White


text:
User:Rbvision12

starting this page

title: User:Rbvision12


text:
Baleshwar Temple

Baleshwar Temple is an ancient temple dedicated to Shiva, situated within city of Champawat in Uttarakhand, India.

Built by the rulers of the Chand dynasty, Baleshwar Temple is a marvelous symbol of stone carving. It is believed to have been built in 13th century AD (1390 AD) by Garud Gyan Chand. Uday Chand started reconstruction work for this temple between 1420 and 1421 AD. Hari Chand, who reigned from 1423 AD to 1427 AD, completed the reconstruction work on the temple as per a copperplate inscription (dated 1423 AD) at the temple.

Overview
The main Baleshwar temple is dedicated to Shiva (who is also known as Baleshwar). There are two other temples in the compound of Baleshwar, one dedicated to Ratneshwar and other to Champawati Durga. Close to the Baleshwar Temple is a "Naula" (freshwater resource). On the day of Mahashivratri, a very crowded fair is held in the Baleshwar Temple compound.

The exteriors of Ratneshwar and Champawati Durga temples are carved with the different posters of the local deities.

title: Baleshwar Temple


text:
Platysma muscle

The platysma muscle is a superficial muscle of the human neck that overlaps the sternocleidomastoid. It covers the anterior surface of the neck superficially. When it contracts, it produces a slight wrinkling of the neck, and a "bowstring" effect on either side of the neck.

Structure
The platysma muscle is a broad sheet of muscle arising from the fascia covering the upper parts of the pectoralis major muscle and deltoid muscle. Its fibers cross the clavicle, and proceed obliquely upward and medially along the side of the neck. This leaves the inferior part of the neck in the midline deficient of significant muscle cover.

Fibres at the front of the muscle from the left and right sides intermingle together below and behind the mandibular symphysis, the junction where the two lateral halves of the mandible are fused at an early period of life (although not a true symphysis). Fibres at the back of the muscle cross the mandible, some being inserted into the bone below the oblique line, others into the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower part of the face. Many of these fibers blend with the muscles about the angle and lower part of the mouth.

Sometimes fibers can be traced to the zygomaticus major muscle, or to the margin of the orbicularis oris muscle. Beneath the platysma, the external jugular vein descends from the angle of the mandible to the clavicle.

Nerve supply
The platysma muscle is supplied by the cervical branch of the facial nerve.

Blood supply
The platysma muscle is supplied by branches of the submental artery and suprascapular artery.

Relations
The platysma muscle lies just deep to the subcutaneous fascia and fat. It covers many structures found deeper in the neck, such as the external carotid artery, the external jugular vein, the parotid gland, the lesser occipital nerve, the great auricular nerve, and the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve.

Variation
Variations occur in the extension over the face and over the clavicle and shoulder. The platysma muscle may be absent or interdigitate with the muscle of the opposite side in front of the neck; attachment to clavicle, mastoid process or occipital bone occurs. A more or less independent fasciculus, the occipitalis minor muscle, may extend from the fascia over the trapezius muscle to fascia over the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Wrinkling
When the entire platysma muscle is in action, it produces a slight wrinkling of the surface of the skin of the neck in an oblique direction (at an angle to the midline). It creates a distinctive "bowstring" effect on either side of the neck, where fibres move away from the midline.

Jaw and lip movement
The anterior portion of the platysma muscle, the thickest part of the muscle, depresses the lower jaw. It also draws down the lower lip and angle of the mouth in a frown. However, the platysma muscle plays only a minor role in depressing the lower lip, which is primarily performed by the depressor anguli oris muscle and the depressor labii inferioris muscle.

Clinical significance
In a similar fashion to other muscles, the platysma muscle is vulnerable to tears, strains and muscle atrophy, among many other possible conditions.

Injury
The platysma muscle is vulnerable to neck injuries that may penetrate it, as it is both superficial and thin. Penetrating trauma in the neck injuries can be defined as any that completely penetrate the platysma muscle, making it an important landmark. Computed tomography angiography may be used to visualise arteries and veins, such as for complex injuries from gunshot wounds or stab wounds, and is useful to image any damage to the muscle. This minimises the number of exploratory surgeries that need to be performed, thus improving the handling of the condition.

Neck surgery
When neck surgery is performed, the platysma muscle usually needs to be cut through to access deeper structures. Fibres need to be sutured together accurately to prevent abnormal scar retraction, which may look unsightly.

Plastic surgery
Wrinkly skin of neck caused by decrease in muscle tone leading to thinning and shortening of muscle is the secondary complication of facial nerve palsy and can be associated with the normal aging process. Neck bands in the area above the platysma muscle become most noticeable with age. These may be aggravated by weightlifting or facelift procedures. This may be known as platysma dyskinesia or "turkey neck".

Conservative management may be used. Alternatively, interventions include botulinum toxin injection and platysmaplasty. Platysmaplasty is a surgery in this area, that can be open or closed; in the latter a specialised instrument called a plastymotome is used that allows the surgery to be done without incisions. It takes approximately 2 weeks for the symptoms to be reduced.

Adipose tissue is found above the platysma muscle, so liposuction of the neck may be performed fairly easily without the need to pierce it. It is also important to not damage the platysma muscle to prevent bleeding.

title: Platysma muscle


text: User talk:67.149.86.118

title: User talk:67.149.86.118


text:
Disciples of the New Church

The Disciples of the New Church, also known as the New Church Disciples or simply The New Church, were a professional wrestling stable in NWA Total Nonstop Action (NWA TNA) from June 19, 2002, to October 1, 2003.

NWA Total Nonstop Action (2002–2003, 2013)
Originally, The Disciples of the New Church formed as a heel stable consisting of Tempest, Slash, and Malice, along with Father James Mitchell as their manager. They were all introduced in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) on June 19, 2002, when they competed in the Gauntlet for the Gold: an over-the-top rope elimination match in which the final two competitors face off in a one-fall singles match to crown the first NWA World Heavyweight Champion of the TNA era. Malice and Ken Shamrock were the last two remaining in the Gauntlet for the gold match, with Ken Shamrock winning via pinfall, thus leading up to a feud between him and The New Church.

On the next PPV, the following week, The New Church interrupted a speech by Ken Shamrock. James Mitchell challenged Shamrock to a match with his Disciple, Malice, for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship, and Ken Shamrock agreed. Then Malice attacked Shamrock from behind in the ring and gave him a chokeslam. On July 3, Ken Shamrock was attacked by Malice backstage before their match even started, but Ken Shamrock competed to face Malice in the ring regardless and retained his NWA World Title after he defeated Malice in a singles match. On July 10, Slash and Tempest got a shot at the Tag Team Titles against A.J. Styles and Jerry Lynn but were defeated. Malice had another chance at a shot at the NWA title, when he faced Sabu in a number one contenders ladder match on July 17, but lost. On July 24, Malice stole the NWA World Heavyweight Championship from Ken Shamrock after he retained it in a ladder match with Sabu, but on July 31, Shamrock got it back when TNA security Don Harris interrupted after a match involving Malice and Apolo, taking the NWA World Heavyweight Championship away from Malice to bring it to its rightful owner, Ken Shamrock.

After Malice's brief feud with Ken Shamrock, he started feuding with Don Harris. On August 7, Malice and Harris wrestled each other in a first blood match, and then on August 14, they wrestled again in a last man standing match. After their last man standing match, both of them shook hands in respect for their match together. Malice then left The Disciples of the New Church. Cobain then became a part of the stable, and made a tag team with Slash. Cobain and Slash wrestled together as tag teams in TNA throughout August and September 2002, but then made a short disappearance.

The "Disciples of the New Church" returned to TNA on October 30, 2002. Brian Lee became the newest member after their return and made a tag team with Slash, along with James Mitchell as manager and Bella Donna as their valet. They attacked the then current NWA World Tag Team Champions, America's Most Wanted (James Storm and Chris Harris) demanding a shot at the NWA Tag Team Championships. On November 6, "The New Church" members Slash and Brian Lee wrestled against America's Most Wanted in a tag team match for the NWA Tag Titles, but lost via disqualification. The New Church members Brian Lee and Slash, however, defeated America's Most Wanted the following week on November 13, in another tag team match, becoming the new NWA World Tag Team Champions. On November 20, America's Most Wanted wrestled against The New Church in a rematch, but lost. The New Church successfully defended their titles throughout December 2002 before dropping the titles back to AMW in their final encounter on January 8, 2003, PPV. Bella Donna then left The Disciples of the New Church.

The "Disciples of the New Church" turned babyfaces when they joined the battle with Team Extreme (Sandman, Perry Saturn and New Jack) and the NWA against Sports Entertainment Xtreme (S.E.X.). On April 9, Disciples turned on Team Extreme in a three-way tag team match by attacking them through a fireball in Sandman's face. They battled Team Extreme and The Gathering throughout the entire year before they were taken out by Raven one by one.

On March 5, 2013, Slash and Sinn appeared at TNA One Night Only pay-per-view Hardcore Justice 2. The Disciples of the New Church were defeated by Latin American Xchange.

After wrestling
The stable's valet, BellaDonna, whose real name was Leah Roxanne Biggerstaff, died on January 21, 2019. She was 39. Also known as Rocksan Biggerstaff, she was also a bass guitarist for the Nashville pop punk band Teen Idols in the mid-1990s.

Members

 * Wrestlers
 * Mike Awesome
 * Shane Douglas
 * Kobain
 * Brian Lee
 * Malice
 * Sinn
 * Slash
 * Tempest
 * Vampiro
 * Managers
 * Father James Mitchell
 * BellaDonna (valet)

Championships and accomplishments

 * Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
 * NWA World Tag Team Championship – Brian Lee and Slash (1 time)

title: Disciples of the New Church


text:
Nevada State Route 164

State Route 164 (SR 164), also known as Nipton Road or the Joshua Tree Highway, is a state highway in southern Clark County, Nevada. The route, along with the unnumbered Nipton Road located in California, connects U.S. Route 95 (US 95) in Nevada to Interstate 15 in California just south of Primm, via the small town of Nipton, California. The majority of the highway is located within the Avi Kwa Ame National Monument.

Route description
The route begins at the California-Nevada state line about 3 mi east of Nipton. The highway treks east from there, curving slightly northeast to pass by the McCullough Range. At the northern tip of the mountains surrounding Crescent Peak, the highway turns slightly more southeast and decreases in elevation as it heads towards Searchlight, Nevada. SR 164 reaches its eastern terminus at the junction with US 95 in the center of Searchlight; however, the roadway continues east as Cottonwood Cove Road, entering the Lake Mead National Recreation Area and ending near Cottonwood Cove.

In 2003, a sign near Searchlight designated the route as the Joshua Tree Highway, due to the abundance of Joshua trees located along the roadway.

History
The highway connecting Searchlight to Nipton first appears on maps as a county road in 1933. By 1940, the unimproved road was designated State Route 68. The road had been graded by 1950 and was finally paved by 1963.

In 1976, the Nevada Department of Transportation began a project to renumber the state highway system. During this process, the road was reassigned to State Route 164; this change was first seen on official state highway maps in 1978. The route has been largely unchanged since.

title: Nevada State Route 164


text:
Talk:Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy

Old constitution
I'm not sure this statement is true: "Some critics assert he is not even in line to the throne according to the constitution of the old Iraqi monarchy. According to this constitution, the heir to the monarchy would be Prince Ra'ad (born 1936), Lord Chamberlain of Jordan." I took a look at the old constitution, and that's not what it appears to say. For one thing, as far as I can see, it says that the heir to the throne should be the eldest son of the previous king, and it is doesn't say anything about anyone else inheriting it. However, it does say that the throne is entrusted to Faisal I and to his heirs, which leads to the quite reasonable presumption that his other heirs are acceptable. It's not clear, though, why Ra'ad would be that heir. Ra'ad is the heir of Faisal I's younger brother, but the kings of Jordan are the heirs of his older brother (and this Sharif Ali fellow is the descendent of the oldest brother, albeit on his mother's side). Now, the constitution does say that the King of Iraq can't then become the king of Someplace Else without the permission of parliament, which could be seen to exclude King Abdullah of Jordan, but a) this appears to create a loophole for someone to become king of something else first, and then become the king of Iraq; and b) it would only require a vote by the parliament in any event; and c) it certainly doesn't exclude other members of the House of Jordan who are not king, such as Abdullah's uncles or his infant son. So, unless there is some further explanation, I will eventually modify the text. - Nat Krause 19:30, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

 * An anon posted some interesting information on Talk:Ra'ad, arguing that the constitution was altered in 1943 to specify the line of descent as passing through the male-line (agnatic) descendents of Faisal I's father, in order of seniority (in the event that Faisal I himself had no eligible descendents). It also specified that the heir must be an Iraqi national, which the old constitution didn't. Assuming that this is true, it would appear to strengthen Prince Ra'ad's case somewhat, especially since, under the spirit of the law, the "Iraqi national" clause must have been understood at the time to exclude the royal family of Jordan from the succession (every other major branch of the family, at that point, was in Iraq). Under the law, though, if one of the Jordanians had been able to obtain Iraqi citizenship before 1958, he would have been able to pre-empt Zeid's claim. The current situation is not entirely clear. One of the Jordanian royals could try to gain Iraqi citizenship (which, as I recall, is possible on a dual-citizenship basis under the new occupation constitution) and stake a claim. Ra'ad's claim would then be superior only if one assumes that his father "actually" was king while in exile, although this seems like a fairly normal assumption to make in the wacky world of international pretendership. Still, there's the issue of what constitutes Iraqi nationality; Ra'ad has been living abroad since 1958, but I guess he still counts as a national, since he was born in Iraq, assuming he hasn't waived his citizenship (or perhaps had it revoked by the post-monarchical government?) I'm not sure if his children, who were all born abroad, could be counted as Iraqi nationals, though, so the claim might become completely up for grabs after Ra'ad dies, until the next time some Hashemite bothers to move back to Iraq. - Nat Krause 18:19, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

The succession rules can be found at royalark website, where I took them. That site has focused on heraldry of non-European monarchies. Of course not infallible, but quite good material anyway. Zeid's position was very clear in 1958: He had held the position of Deputy Regent of Iraq, Abd-al-Illah having been Regent. The application o succession rules of 1943 were confirmed by setting Abd-al-Illah as first and Zeid as second, explicitly. For example in confirming the regency order. AND, Zeid was very obviously recognized as a Prince of Iraq by those acts. 217.140.193.123 18:29, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

We do not need to worry about them and their possibilities to leave succession to their children... But, if we accept pretensions, then the arguments would be: (1) post-monarchical government cannot revoke (or grant) anyone's Iraqi nationality, since from monarchical viewpoint, that government is illegal. (2) children born to monarch(-in-exile) of Iraq or to his son, etc, wherever born, anyway are Iraqi nationals. - Besides, nationality is not necessarily identical with citizenship, at least with citizenship decided by some post-monarchical government. Alol that aside, as the throne was lost, the guys who succeed in restoring it, will count themselves as legitimate as Faisal I originally was, chosen by "Iraqi" representatives at that time. (Winner receives legitimacy..) That apparently is Ali's view, if he succeeds in restoring monarchy and getting himself selected to hold it. 217.140.193.123 19:26, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
 * In truth, if ever Iraq reverted to a monarchy, that restored monarchy could alter the succesion (to whatever it wished). GoodDay 19:22, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy


text:
Robert Foster

Robert Foster may refer to:

Politics

 * Robert Foster (politician) (born 1983), member of Mississippi House of Representatives
 * Robert E. Foster (1851–1931), member of the Mississippi House of Representatives
 * Robert Coleman Foster (1769–1844), member of Tennessee House of Representatives and Senate
 * Robert Sidney Foster (1913–2005), governor-general of Fiji

Sports

 * Robert Foster (American football) (born 1994), American football wide receiver
 * Robert Foster (baseball) (1856–1921), baseball player in 1884
 * Robert Foster (cricketer) (1880–1946), Jamaican cricketer
 * Robert Foster (hurdler) (born 1970), Jamaican track and field athlete
 * Robert Foster (swimmer) (1891–1960), American swimmer

Other

 * Robert Foster (judge) (1589–1663), Lord Chief Justice of England
 * Robert D. Foster (1811–1878), Latter Day Saint turned opponent of Joseph Smith
 * Robert Sanford Foster (1834–1903), Union general
 * Robert Foster (RAF officer) (1898–1973), RAF commander during World War II
 * Robert Frederick Foster (1853–1945), memory training promoter and author of books on games
 * Robert P. Foster (1917–2008), president of Northwest Missouri State University (1964–1977)
 * Robert Foster (author) (born 1949), author of The Complete Guide to Middle-earth
 * R. F. Foster (historian) (born 1949), British historian
 * Robert Foster (bishop) (died 2013), Jamaican bishop of the Moravian Church, see Jamaica Province of the Moravian Church
 * Robert A. Foster, actor in Just William
 * Robert Foster (screenwriter) (1938–2011), American screenwriter and Executive Producer of Knight Rider
 * Robert Foster, stage name of Spanish actor Antonio Mayans, who co-starred in 50 films directed by Jesus Franco

title: Robert Foster


text:
Talk:Basters

Collaboration means to cooparate with an illegitimate ruler
"The collaboration between the Basters and the German Empire"

I don´t think that "collaboration" is the right word for the relationship between the "basters" and the colonial government. Imperial Germany was the internationally acknowledged government of Namibia of that time and the "basters" were just loyal.

There is a tendency of giving the most dramatic figures and expressions possible in order to gain public interest or compensation. But I don´t think that the term "concentration camp" should be used in this context because in the connection with Germany it unavoidably brings to mind the Nazi Concentration Camps in Poland. And to equate the camps of a German colonial army to camps like Auschwitz would be definitely misleading.

 * Yes, as the original writer of this article, in hindsight the word cooperation is the better fit. --Roisterer 03:23, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Liasons between Dutch men and black women only?
The article in the intro says this, but was that exclusive or were there relations which resulted in Basters between Dutch women and black men?

 * Probably, because A) There were a lot more men among the Dutch colonists that there were women, so few dutch women would have had to "marry down", and B) And black man who showed such an interest would have found himself in serious danger of being lynched. Sad, but that's the way the world worked back then. Chaotic nipple 21:26, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Baster. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.newera.com.na/articles/50491/-Rehoboth-community-in-danger-of-extinction-
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120331025848/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=38914 to http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=38914

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 18:11, 15 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Basters


text:
Damle

Damle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Prashant Damle (born 1961), Indian actor and comedian
 * Satyawan Damle (born 1951), Indian professor
 * Shivrampant Damle (1900–1977), Indian educationist
 * Sitaram Keshav Damle, Marathi journalist
 * Vishnupant Govind Damle (1892–1945), Indian production designer, cinematographer, film director, and sound engineer

title: Damle


text:
File:Tbabylon volume1 cover.jpg

Description
Cover of volume 1 of the Tokyo Babylon manga.

Fair use rationale
This image falls under fair use in the article Tokyo Babylon because: It is used as a means of primary visual identification in the infobox of the article about the book in question.
 * 1) The image is low resolution
 * 2) The image is not used in a manner that is likely to replace the original market role of the original copyrighted media
 * 3) No free equivalent is available, nor could one be created

title: File:Tbabylon volume1 cover.jpg


text:
Cross-tolerance

Cross-tolerance is a phenomenon that occurs when tolerance to the effects of a certain drug produces tolerance to another drug. It often happens between two drugs with similar functions or effects—for example, acting on the same cell receptor or affecting the transmission of certain neurotransmitters. Cross-tolerance has been observed with pharmaceutical drugs such as anti-anxiety agents and illicit substances, and sometimes the two of them together. Often, a person who uses one drug can be tolerant to a drug that has a completely different function. This phenomenon allows one to become tolerant to a drug that they have never used before.

Anxiolytics and sedatives
Excitation of the GABA receptor produces an influx of negatively charged chloride ions, which hyperpolarizes the neuron and makes it less likely to give rise to an action potential. In addition to gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) itself, the GABAA receptor can also bind barbiturates and benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepine binding increases the binding of GABA and barbiturates maximize the time the pore is open. Both of these mechanisms allow for influx of chloride ions. When these drugs are taken together, especially with ethanol (drinking alcohol), there is a disproportionate increase in toxicity because the effects of both occur simultaneously and add up since they act on the same receptor at different sites. Convergence upon the GABAA receptor is why tolerance for one drug in the group will most likely cause cross-tolerance for the other drugs in the group. However, the barbiturates are also AMPA receptor blockers, and in addition interact with the nAChR and voltage-gated calcium channels. As a result, somebody who is tolerant to benzodiazepines is more sensitive to barbiturates than vice versa.

Antipsychotics
These drugs block dopamine receptors and some also block serotonin receptors (such as chlorpromazine, the first antipsychotic used clinically). Having been on one or more antipsychotics for any appreciable amount of time results in dramatically reduced sensitivity to others with similar mechanisms of action. However, an antipsychotic with a substantial disparity in pharmacology (e.g. haloperidol and quetiapine) may retain significant efficacy.

Antidepressants and mood stabilizers
MAO inhibitor drugs block an enzyme system resulting in increased stores of monoamine neurotransmitters. More common antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs block reuptake transporters causing increased levels of norepinephrine or serotonin in synapses. Mood stabilizers include lithium and many anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine and lamotrigine are also used for mood disorders. This would demonstrate little to zero cross-tolerance with serotonergic or lithium treatment.

Opioid analgesics
These drugs mimic three classes of endorphins, such as endomorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins. All three of these classes each have their own receptor-mu, kappa, and delta. Opioids will bind to the receptor for the endorphin they are most chemically similar to. Tolerance to some effects occurs with regular use, a result of the downregulation of the stimulated opioid receptors. Cross tolerance to analgesia may develop incompletely and less rapidly, allowing rotation between opioid medications be used to compensate somewhat for tolerance. This phenomenon is called incomplete cross-tolerance.

Stimulants
Cocaine, amphetamines, methylphenidate and ephedrine block the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. With increasing doses, amphetamines also cause the direct release of these neurotransmitters.

Psychedelics
Serotonergic psychedelics act through modulation of serotonin receptors. Most of these drugs share a high affinity for the 5-HT2A receptor subtype, known to result in their common perceptual and psychological effects.

Cross-tolerance between drugs of different classifications
Sometimes cross-tolerance occurs between two drugs that do not share mechanisms of action or classification. For example, in rats some amphetamine-like stimulants have been shown to exhibit cross-tolerance with caffeine, though this effect was not observed with amphetamine itself. It is likely that this mechanism of cross-tolerance involves the dopamine receptor D1. Amphetamines also have cross-tolerance with pseudoephedrine, as pseudoephedrine can block dopamine uptake in the same manner that amphetamines do, but less potently.

Alcohol is another substance that often cross-tolerates with other drugs. Findings of cross-tolerance with nicotine in animal models suggest that it is also possible in humans, and may explain why the two drugs are often used together. Numerous studies have also suggested the possibility of cross-tolerance between alcohol and cannabis.

Cigarette smoking produces increased metabolic tolerance to caffeine due to upregulation of the CYP1A enzyme family (see aryl hydrocarbon receptor).

title: Cross-tolerance


text:
File:How to Design Programs (front cover).jpg

Summary
HTDP Front Cover, fair use


text:
Surface power density

In physics and engineering, surface power density is power per unit area.

Applications

 * The intensity of electromagnetic radiation can be expressed in W/m2. An example of such a quantity is the solar constant.
 * Wind turbines are often compared using a specific power measuring watts per square meter of turbine disk area, which is $$\pi r^{2}$$, where r is the length of a blade. This measure is also commonly used for solar panels, at least for typical applications.
 * Radiance is surface power density per unit of solid angle (steradians) in a specific direction. Spectral radiance is radiance per unit of frequency (Hertz) at a specific frequency.

Surface power densities of energy sources
Surface power density is an important factor in comparison of industrial energy sources. The concept was popularised by geographer Vaclav Smil. The term is usually shortened to "power density" in the relevant literature, which can lead to confusion with homonymous or related terms.

Measured in  it describes the amount of power obtained per unit of Earth surface area used by a specific energy system, including all supporting infrastructure, manufacturing, mining of fuel (if applicable) and decommissioning. , Fossil fuels and nuclear power are characterized by high power density which means large power can be drawn from power plants occupying relatively small area. Renewable energy sources have power density at least three orders of magnitude smaller and for the same energy output they need to occupy accordingly larger area, which has been already highlighted as a limiting factor of renewable energy in German Energiewende.

The following table shows median surface power density of renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

Background
As an electromagnetic wave travels through space, energy is transferred from the source to other objects (receivers). The rate of this energy transfer depends on the strength of the EM field components. Simply put, the rate of energy transfer per unit area (power density) is the product of the electric field strength (E) times the magnetic field strength (H).

 * Pd (Watts/meter2) = E × H (Volts/meter × Amperes/meter)where
 * Pd = the power density,
 * E = the RMS electric field strength in volts per meter,
 * H = the RMS magnetic field strength in amperes per meter.

The above equation yields units of W/m2. In the USA the units of mW/cm2, are more often used when making surveys. One mW/cm2 is the same power density as 10 W/m2. The following equation can be used to obtain these units directly:

 * Pd = 0.1 × E × H mW/cm2

The simplified relationships stated above apply at distances of about two or more wavelengths from the radiating source. This distance can be a far distance at low frequencies, and is called the far field. Here the ratio between E and H becomes a fixed constant (377 Ohms) and is called the characteristic impedance of free space. Under these conditions we can determine the power density by measuring only the E field component (or H field component, if you prefer) and calculating the power density from it.

This fixed relationship is useful for measuring radio frequency or microwave (electromagnetic) fields. Since power is the rate of energy transfer, and the squares of E and H are proportional to power, E2 and H2 are proportional to the energy transfer rate and the energy absorption of a given material. [??? This would imply that with no absorption, E and H are both zero, i.e. light or radio waves cannot travel in a vacuum. The intended meaning of this statement is unclear.]

Far field
The region extending farther than about 2 wavelengths away from the source is called the far field. As the source emits electromagnetic radiation of a given wavelength, the far-field electric component of the wave E, the far-field magnetic component H, and power density are related by the equations: E = H × 377 and Pd = E × H.

 * Pd = H2   × 377 and Pd = E2 ÷ 377
 * where Pd is the power density in watts per square meter (one W/m2 is equal to 0.1 mW/cm2),
 * H2 = the square of the value of the magnetic field in amperes RMS squared per meter squared,
 * E2 = the square of the value of the electric field in volts RMS squared per meter squared.

title: Surface power density


text:
User:Ilyak

I am user Ilyak. I'm fond of reading and sometimes editing wikipedia. I live in Russia, near Moscow.

title: User:Ilyak


text:
Cannon Mountain (New Hampshire)

Cannon Mountain (formerly Profile Mountain) is a 4080 ft peak in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. It is known for both its technical rock and ice climbing on its cliff face and skiing at Cannon Mountain Ski Area. It was also home to the Old Man of the Mountain, until that formation collapsed on May 3, 2003.

Cannon has three sub-peaks with heights of 3,693, 3,700, and 3,769 feet (1,125, 1,127 and 1,148 m), collectively known as "The Cannon Balls". Geologically, it is an exfoliating granite dome. Part of the Kinsman Range, the mountain is within Franconia Notch State Park.

History
Rock climbers were pioneering routes on Cannon's cliffs in the 1920s. Its ski area is one of the oldest in North America. Trails had been cut on the mountain prior to 1933, but the mountain gained widespread recognition that year when the Taft Slalom was cut as the first racing trail in North America. The mountain gained lift service with the construction of the first aerial tramway in North America, in 1938. A new tram was erected in 1980 with a vertical ascent of 2,022 feet (616.3 m) and a capacity of 140 people (two seventy-person cabins), roughly three times larger than the original lift. The old tram base and summit-stations remain intact, and one of the old cabins serves as the entranceway to the New England Ski Museum, opened in 1982 at the mountain's base area. The museum houses what it calls "the most extensive collection of historical ski equipment, clothing, film, photographs, literature, and artwork in the East" and is one of four museums in the U.S. to be recognized by the United States Ski Association as a Regional Museum.

Cannon hosted the first Alpine Skiing World Cup races ever held in North America in 1967, with races being listed as occurring at Franconia.

In 1972, the US Board on Geographic Names officially changed the name from Profile Mountain, which it had been called officially since 1917, to Cannon Mountain. The two names both are derived from natural rock formations featured on the mountain; the former being the famous "Old Man of the Mountain" and the latter being a series of boulders which, when viewed from the foot of the mountain, resemble an antique cannon. Before being called Profile Mountain, the mountain was also called Frank Mountain.

On April 2, 1973, the second strongest surface wind gust ever recorded in the United States of America was measured by University of Massachusetts Amherst researchers on the summit. Although wind velocity maxima were measured at 199.5 mi/h, this reading represents the physical limit of the recording instrument, and thus the true value may have been quite higher. Only the record value measured on nearby Mount Washington in 1934 exceeds this value in terms of American wind extrema.

The summit of Cannon Mountain is home to a UHF amateur radio repeater on 449.875 MHz as well as two repeaters belonging to the ABC affiliate WMUR-TV.

Recreation and tourism
Cannon Mountain and its base area host a variety of year-round sports, including hiking, climbing, skiing and fishing. Visiting tourists can take in the area's scenery, an aerial tramway, summit restaurant, and a museum on the history of skiing.

Hiking
A number of trails criss-cross Cannon Mountain and the surrounding region. The Kinsman Ridge Trail begins on the northeast side of the mountain in Franconia Notch near the base of the Tramway, passes near but not directly over the summit, and leads to the southwest across the Cannon Balls and the Kinsman peaks on to Kinsman Notch at the north base of Mount Moosilauke. The Mittersill-Cannon Trail, seasonally open from spring to fall, climbs to the summit area from the northwest, traversing Mittersill Peak on its climb. Both trails join the Rim Trail near the summit, which in turn climbs to the summit tower in a loop partially overlapped by the KRT. Lonesome Lake, on the south side of the mountain, is a popular hiking destination and is the location of the Appalachian Mountain Club-maintained Lonesome Lake Hut. The Appalachian Trail passes Lonesome Lake but does not cross the summit of Cannon. The base of the cliff face can be approached via an ambiguous path up the right side of the talus field.

Climbing
At roughly 1000 ft high and more than 1 mi long, Cannon Cliff is the largest vertical rock face in the Northeast. According to a SummitPost description, "Some of the aid lines are long and difficult enough to require a bivy, making Cannon the only Big Wall in the northeast." Cannon is popular with free- and aid-climbers in summer and ice- and mixed climbers in winter. (V)Ice Fest, an annual ice climbing festival, is held in the Franconia Notch region and features climbing on Cannon Cliff.

Climbers are asked to sign in and out of a log book so that search parties may be organized if they are overdue. Several rock and ice guide books exist for Cannon and Franconia Notch, most notably 'Secrets of the Notch' by Jon Sykes.

Notable rock climbing routes:
 * Whitney-Gilman Ridge: 5.7, 5 pitches. This route up the prominent arête in the center of the face is possibly Cannon's signature climb.  The 3rd pitch (the 'Pipe Pitch') features outstanding exposure over the Black Dike.  Protection is a mix of trad and fixed bolts and pitons. First ascent was by Bradley Gilman and Hassler Whitney on August 3, 1929.
 * Moby Grape: 5.8, 9 pitches. Ascends the tallest section of the cliff.  Starts with Reppy's Crack; superb climbing all the way up. First ascent was by Joe Cote and Roger Martin in July 1972.

Notable ice climbing routes:
 * The Black Dike: 4+/5-, 500 ft (150 m) tall; 3 pitches. A popular mixed ice climb. First ascent was by John Bouchard on December 18, 1971 (solo).
 * Omega: 5+, 3 pitches. Mixed climbing. Hardest ice climb in the region. First ascent by John Bouchard and Rainsford Rouner in 1976.

Approach and descent
The approach trail to Cannon cliff can be found by walking along the bike path on the western (southbound) side of I-93. Climbers park and sign in at a trailhead lot just south of Profile Lake. After about 1 mi of narrow, climber-maintained trails through the woods, climbers must cross a long section of talus.

Steep unofficial descent trails back to the trailhead can be found on both the north and south ends of the cliff, above Whitney-Gilman and Lakeside, respectively.

Skiing
The Cannon Mountain Ski Area is state-owned and offers nine lifts servicing 165 acre of skiing (158 with snowmaking). In the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps cut six ski trails, many of which were later incorporated into the Cannon Mountain Ski Area and, until 1984, the Mittersill Ski Area. The Mittersill Ski Area and Taft CCC Ski Trail were incorporated into the Cannon Mountain Ski Area in 2009.

US Olympic gold medal-winning skier Bode Miller grew up skiing at Cannon.

Tourism
Cannon has a number of non-sport-related features which make it a popular tourist attraction. The aerial tramway operates year-round. Though the lift terminates at the summit of the ski area, which is not the peak of the mountain itself, two hiking trails (the Cannon Mountain Short Trail and the Rim Trail) provide a way to the summit. The tramway opens for the summer season in mid-May and closes in mid-October, and is open daily from 9am to 5pm. There, an observation tower provides a panoramic view of the White Mountains Region. The Old Man of the Mountain was a popular attraction until its collapse in spring 2003; the Old Man of the Mountain Historic Site remains an attraction. Also notable is Profile Lake, a lake popular with both fly fisherman and anglers; Echo Lake, used for swimming boating and ice-skating in winter; and the New England Ski Museum.

title: Cannon Mountain (New Hampshire)


text:
Thomas Barbour

Thomas Barbour (August 19, 1884 – January 8, 1946) was an American herpetologist. He was the first president of the Dexter School in 1926. From 1927 until 1946, he was director of the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ) founded in 1859 by Louis Agassiz at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Life and career
Barbour, the eldest of four brothers, was born in 1884 to Colonel William Barbour, and his wife, Julia Adelaide Sprague. Colonel Barbour was founder and president of The Linen Thread Company, Inc., a successful thread manufacturing enterprise having much business in the United States, Ireland, and Scotland. Although born on Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, where the family was spending the summer, Barbour grew up in Monmouth, New Jersey, where one of his younger brothers, William Warren Barbour, entered the political arena, eventually serving as U.S. Senator from New Jersey from 1931 to 1937 and again from 1938 to 1943.

At age fifteen, Thomas Barbour was taken to visit Harvard University, which, entranced by its Museum of Comparative Zoology, he later attended. At Harvard, he studied under Alexander Agassiz, son of Louis Agassiz. Having received his B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. from that university, Barbour joined the faculty in 1911 when his doctoral dissertation was published, and he took on the position of curator of reptiles and amphibians at the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Eventually he became the Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology and, in 1927, director of the museum. Although primarily interested in reptiles and amphibians, he also studied birds and insects, particularly butterflies. His biological interests, however, were remarkably diversified, and he is considered to be one of the last of a dying breed: a general naturalist.

His scientific travels took him through Africa, Asia, North America, South America, and Central America, among other regions. He particularly enjoyed Panama, Costa Rica, and Cuba, which he visited at length on at least thirty occasions beginning in 1908, generally staying in Soledad at the Harvard Botanical Gardens, now known as the Jardin Botanico de Cienfuegos. Barbour served as custodian of these gardens from 1927 until his death in 1946. In his book, Naturalist in Cuba, Barbour writes, "I suspect that I am the only living American naturalist who has visited all parts of the island again and again, for I am not only a Cuban by adoption, but a devoted friend of the land and its people." In addition to the expected scientific discussion of the island's flora and fauna, Barbour provides a description of Cuban society and culture.

He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1916. In 1923 and 1924, he was one of the scientists and financial benefactors who founded the Barro Colorado Island Laboratory in Panama, location of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. The island, originally a hilltop, sits in the middle of Gatun Lake, which was created when the Chagres River was dammed during the Panama Canal building project.

Along with better than 400 scholarly articles, Barbour wrote several books including the autobiographical Naturalist at Large (1943), Naturalist in Cuba (1945), A Naturalist's Scrapbook (1946), and That Vanishing Eden (1944), which explores the natural world of a remote, undeveloped Florida.

In 1906, Barbour married Rosamond Pierce of Brookline, Massachusetts. A two-year honeymoon took them through remote reaches of the Dutch East Indies, India, Burma, Java, China, and New Guinea with Barbour's wife helping him to photograph animals and collect specimens. Their union resulted in six children and eleven grandchildren. The family home was on Clarendon Street in Boston's Back Bay, with summers spent in Beverly Farms, Massachusetts.

In 1927, Barbour was made director of the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology and, in 1931, organized and sent an expedition to Australia for the dual purpose of procuring specimens - the museum being "weak in Australian animals and...desires[ing] to complete its series" - and to engage in "the study of the animals of the region when alive." The Harvard Australian Expedition (1931–1932), as it became known, was a six-man venture led by Harvard Professor William Morton Wheeler, with the others being Dr. P. Jackson Darlington, Jr. (a renowned coleopterist), Dr. Glover Morrill Allen and his student Ralph Nicholson Ellis, medical officer Dr. Ira M. Dixon, and William E. Schevill (a graduate-student in his twenties and Associate Curator of Invertebrate Palaeontology). Barbour said at the time "We shall hope for specimens' of the kangaroo, the wombat, the Tasmanian devil and Tasmanian wolf," and the mission was a success with over 300 mammal and thousands of insect specimens returning to the United States.

Barbour was elected to United States National Academy of Sciences in 1933 and the American Philosophical Society in 1937. He was a trustee of the Carnegie Institution from 1934 until he died in 1946.

During the last two years of his life he was in failing health, following a blood clot that had developed while he was in Miami. He was at the Museum of Comparative Zoology as usual on January 4, 1946, and in happy mood at home in Boston that evening. But he was stricken later in the night with cerebral hemorrhage, and died on January 8, without regaining consciousness.

Frog drop experiment
For many years, Barbour and Darlington had friendly arguments about Barbour's advocacy of faunal dispersion by land bridges versus Darlington's advocacy of exreme-wind-borne dispersal of small animals over isolated islands. To test his ideas, Darlington dropped several live frogs from a window on the fifth floor of the Museum. Barbour and a crowd of spectators observed the experiment. The dropped frogs were stunned and remained still for a few seconds, but almost immediately they started to recover and in a few minutes were hopping normally.

Legacy
Thomas Barbour is commemorated in the scientific names of the following species and subspecies of reptiles.

Also, the street he grew up on was named after him, Thomas Barbour Drive, in Melbourne, Florida; the street on which Ballard Park is located.

title: Thomas Barbour


text: Category:Parishes of Jersey

title: Category:Parishes of Jersey


text:
Talk:Eye of the Beholder (video game)

Comments
I have removed the story information for EOB2 for now. I want to know if you guys think the sequels should get their own pages. I'm not convinced there's enough, besides merely plot elements, that's significantly different in the sequels. The notability and significance of the series as a whole only really requires one article but there should definitely be more information on the second game as it was indeed the hilight of the trilogy. --JamesTheNumberless 15:46, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I think the sequels should definitely get their own pages. This page could do with a couple of screenshots too. -- Zagrebo 15:55, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

One crowning feature I remember from EOB was the ability to import your saved characters (and equipment) from EOB1 -> EOB2 and then EOB3. Allowed you to keep "ultimate weapons" like the Golden Halbeard!

I understand there's a project out there to remake the old Gold Box style games using a new version of Unlimited Adventures called Dungeon Craft. Is there something like that out there in development for EOB? Because that would be hot. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.191.80.22 (talk) 01:46, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

In subsection for Eye of the Beholder III: Assault on Myth Drannor :
 * Changed the name of the lich from Lathander to Acwellan.
 * Having played the game, and knowing a few things about Forgotten Realms, the name of the lich is most certainly not Lathander. Lathander is the MorningLord, a deity of good, opposed to undead creatures such as Liches. Possibly User:Doommaster1994 was somehow confusing the lich name with a Temple of Lathander in Myth Drannor which the player can enter in the game. Not having the game handy, I can't completely confirm the spelling of Acwellan (basically my hand-writing on old maps is unclear enough as to cast slight doubt on the e and the latter a in the name), but the following walkthough link confirms my spelling here (as well as identifying the lich as named Acwellan) :
 * Eye of the Beholder III Solution by Alex van Kaam (Part 4)

85.224.19.18 (talk) 16:28, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

What about a section on how it relates to Dungeons and Dragons? Many of the things in this game (races, classes, alignment, monsters, spells etc) are taken directly from Advanced D&D, but there's no real mention of this. Katana Geldar 01:11, 24 May 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Katana Geldar (talk • contribs)

NPCs available in Eye of the Beholder
I just made a change to the Gameplay section of this page, regarding some incorrect information it had.

However, it occurred to me that the list of NPCs you find in the game might be considered a spoiler. Should the list of characters go within a "show/hide" field instead? Or is it too small to justify it? Raven-14 (talk) 15:05, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

Changes
I changed the bit about 'creative differences' with SSI as being the reason Westwood didn't do the third installment of the game. Westwood was acquired by Virgin in 1992, that is why they didn't create the third game. Westwood did help in the creation of the third game though via code, asserts and advice were still shared. I believe Westwood is thanked in the credits.

I have some additional information that I didn't feel comfortable writing into the main entry. First, regarding the ending controversy. There is more to ending in the original game that most players were aware. Because of the EoB Two-step, the name we gave to the way players would quickly sidestep, turn and sidestep again to keep getting hits on the monsters without risk of taking much damage, they were able to kill Xanathar, the Beholder, with normal attack and damage. This took quite some time, but it easily do-able and how most people killed him. However, the intent was for the players to lure / push him into the spike trap where there was additional animation of him getting impaled on the spikes, remember this was back in the MS-Dos days and there wasn't room for a whole other animated sequence without adding another disk.

The second is more along the lines of a bit of trivia, a number of the portraits in Eye of the Behold were Westwood employees: Paul Mudra, Phil Gorrow, Joseph Hewitt (myself), Mike Legg, Frank Saxxon, Aaron Powell and Eydie Laramore. I have these portraits, but I don't know what if anything, I could do with them in regards to this wiki. --Joseph4th (talk) 03:44, 25 April 2014 (UTC)

Is there anyone who actually _played_ the game here?
"Eye of the Beholder featured a first-person perspective in a three-dimensional dungeon,[4] similar to Dungeon Master.[5] " Er... same keys, same spells, same sounds. Sounds like a sequel to me... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:306:BC82:B600:ED60:4C65:3407:D79B (talk) 05:30, 6 August 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Eye of the Beholder (video game). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081209115540/http://uk.gamespot.com/gba/rpg/dungeonsdragonseyeotb/review.html to http://uk.gamespot.com/gba/rpg/dungeonsdragonseyeotb/review.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 20:14, 9 December 2017 (UTC)

Source

 * http://web.archive.org/web/20050405075602/http://www.cdmag.com:80/articles/032/130/010510-f1.html
 * https://archive.org/details/Pcmania03/page/n45

title: Talk:Eye of the Beholder (video game)


text:
Centre Union

The Centre Union (Ένωσις Κέντρου (EK)) was a major centrist political party in Greece, created in 1961 by Georgios Papandreou.

History
The Centre Union was a political party in Greece in the 1960s which held office from 1963 to 1965 and was nominally in power from 1965 to 1967. The party was centrist, though elements of the far-right and the left also joined. The party fractured following its leader Georgios Papandreou's resignation after a disagreement with King Constantine II who clashed with Papandreou on how to handle the armed forces. Papandreou was succeeded by several shaky governments which relied on the votes of the opposition and defectors from the Centre Union. The turmoil surrounding Papandreou's resignation became known as the 'Apostasy' which led directly to the Greek military junta of 1967-1974.

Establishment and goals
The Centre Union was founded in September 1961, six weeks before the elections that same year. The forces of the centre consisted of the Liberal Democratic Party (Fileleftheron Dimokratikon Komma), a splinter party from the Liberal Party surrounding Georgios Papandreou, the Liberal Party (Komma Fileleftheron) of Sofoklis Venizelos and the New Political Forces (Nea Politiki Kinisis). These parties appeared in the wake of the 1958 legislative election which resulted in the Liberal Party, under the joint leadership of Venizelos and Papandreou, coming third, having been eclipsed by the socialist United Democratic Left (Eniaa Dimokratiki Aristera). Added on the centre-left were the National Progressive Centre Union (Ethniki Proodeftiki Enosis Kentrou), the Party of Peasants and Workers (Komma Agrotikon kai Ergazomenon) and Ilias Tsirimokos' Democratic Union party (Dimokratiki Enosis). On the right were Stefanos Stefanopoulos’ Popular Social Party (Laikon Koinonikon Komma), a breakaway group from the Greek Rally, and the Party of the Nationally Minded (Komma Ethnikiphronon). Smaller, less influential figures were brought into the fold, namely Stylianos Allamanis and Pafsanias Katsotas. All constituent parts recognised the sole leadership of Georgios Papandreou.

Upon receiving the leadership of the Centre Union, Georgios Papandreou declared his immediate objective to be the reduction of the EDA vote to less than 20% so that the two 'nationally-minded' parties, EK and the ruling National Radical Union (Ethniki Rizospastiki Enosis, ERE), could contest the elections within the framework of democracy.

Of the two major parties, the Centre Union had a more cohesive party structure. It had an official constitution, membership provisions, professional cadres, national conventions, a youth wing and formal procedures for the succession of leaders. However, not a single meeting of the highest authority in the party, the congress, ever took place.

The 'Unrelenting Struggle'
In anticipation of the next elections, the government of Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis announced intentions of enacting a new electoral law: the proposed law was set before parliament and on 6 May, after lengthy debate, it was passed. A system of 'reinforced' proportional representation was introduced, which gave minor parties a slight advantage in comparison with the previous law.

King Paul, in accordance with political traditions in Greece, appointed a 'service' government headed by the chief of the royal household, General Konstantinos Dovas, to oversee the campaign period to ensure impartial conduct of the election as it was feared that the ruling party may try and tamper with the results.

On 29 September, the results were fully counted: the ERE received 50.8 percent of votes cast, equating to 176 seats; the Centre Union, in collaboration with Spyros Markezinis’ Progressive Party, garnered 33.7 percent of the popular vote translating to 100 seats. The majority of the remaining votes went to the left-wing Pandemocratic Agrarian Front of Greece. Immediately, the results were denounced by the extreme left and the Centre Union as illegitimate; Papandreou proclaimed that the results were 'a product of violence and fraud,' thus inaugurating Papandreou's 'unrelenting struggle' for free and fair elections. Meanwhile, several days after the election, deputy leader of the EK, Sofoklis Venizelos, declared that the EK was fighting more than just the ERE, but also 'the General Staff of the Army, the Central Intelligence Agency, the gendarmerie, the National Security Battalions and other dark forces.' General Dovas complained that all of Papandreou's demands prior to the election had been satisfied and pointed out that abstentions had been at a fifteen-year low.

On 2 December, the socialist parties and all but nine Centre Union deputies were absent from the State opening of Parliament in order to protest what they believed to be an illegal administration. Accordingly, on 7 December, without any Centre Union votes, Karamanlis received his vote of confidence by 174 votes to 21. The next stage of the EK's war against the establishment was waged against the king, which involved a boycott of all official functions. Duly, he declined an invitation to a Court Ball celebrating King Paul's sixtieth birthday on 14 December 1961, replying, "Mr Georgios Papandreou will not be attending." Likewise, Sofoklis Venizelos and Spyros Markezinis excused themselves by informing the king that they could not come due to being abroad.

Karamanlis’ position was undermined further when, on 27 May 1963, Grigorios Lambrakis, a left-wing deputy from Piraeus, was murdered by two men wielding clubs in the course of a peaceful protest. The Lambrakis assassination revealed a right-wing underworld when it was revealed the two killers had close links to the local gendarmerie, therefore roping in Karamanlis. While it is unlikely Karamanlis had any ties to the assassination, it placed the idea of an illegal 'para-state' on firmer ground.

The crisis atmosphere was heightened when Karamanlis began having spats with King Paul over a state visit to England that was set to take place in the summer of 1963. Karamanlis, after reaching no agreement with the king regarding the matter, submitted his resignation and suggested that diplomatist and outgoing ERE minister Panagiotis Pipinelis should be entrusted with the premiership and that elections should be held immediately. Paul also favoured Pipinelis because he, unlike Karamanlis, would support the proposed state visit to England. Paul refused immediate elections on the basis that he must not be abroad on the state visit in the midst of an election. Paul then summoned Papandreou and Markezinis who both agreed that a 'service' government enjoying the confidence of parliament should be appointed to prepare the ground for an election, as opposed to Karamanlis' view that elections should be held as soon as possible. Eventually, after five days of consultations, the king called on Pipienlis, who he knew would enjoy the support of all 180 ERE deputies (thus constituting a majority), to form a government. This was not what the Centre Union had bargained for, as Papandreou denounced the new government as "inspiring no confidence in its ability to hold fair elections." The customary confidence vote was therefore boycotted by the Centre Union deputies who all arose from their seats and walked out, except for Sofoklis Venizelos, having promised to cast his vote for the government after two offending ministers were replaced, who informed the teller that he was giving the government a 'vote of tolerance.' He then followed his fellow deputies and walked out.

Centre Union in power
With the state visit safely behind, Pipinelis demanded and obtained a second confidence vote; shortly thereafter, a new electoral bill was introduced to the chamber providing for another system of 'reinforced' proportional representation. The EK, repudiating the bill, abstained from the final vote and the bill was passed on the votes of the ERE alone. The EK threatened to boycott the upcoming elections if Pipinelis remained in power for the duration of the electoral process. Markezinis also expressed his desire for a change in government, while Karamanlis, communicating from a temporary self-imposed exile in Paris, conveyed his strong desire for Pipinelis to remain in office for the time being. On 26 September, Prime Minister Pipinelis was summoned by King Paul, who handed him the royal decree dissolving Parliament and ordering elections for 3 November. The following day, Pipinelis was replaced by Stelio Mavromichales so as not to agitate the EK's threats.

The legislative election of 3 November 1963 resulted in the Centre Union, carrying the day, albeit narrowly: the Centre Union managed to take 138 out of the 300 seats in parliament with the ERE coming second with 132 seats. The EDA took 28. On 6 November, the king called on Papandreou to form a government. Georgios Papandreou was now prime minister. The Centre Union's victory can largely be credited to the subsiding of anti-Communism, which had flared up in the years following the Civil War and growing unemployment.

Papandreou dispelled any hopes that King Paul initially held that the former himself might seek a coalition with the ERE and announced he would only seek backing from his party and those disaffected with others. By 24 December, however, when he obtained a confidence vote, it turned out he was wrong. The ERE voted solidly against the new government; therefore, Papandreou relied on the votes of his party and the socialist EDA. Despite his party not occupying the majority of seats in Parliament, he still flatly refused any deals with the EDA which he believed to be a front for the illegal Communist Party (KKE). This view was shared by many politicians of the two 'nationally-minded' parties.

Georgios Papandreou headed to the polls again after laying out a vote-catching program before parliament in 1964. The 16 February legislative election yielded a landslide victory for Papandreou. The EK secured 52.7 per cent of the popular vote equating to 171 seats in parliament. The Centre Union were especially large in more prosperous agricultural regions, where the police's grip on power had been much weakened. The EK also attracted lower middle-class voters. The 1964-1965 government, headed by Papandreou, enacted overdue reforms catered towards the lower and middle class by increasing pensions and prices for farmers; the system in which elections take place in the General Confederation of Greek Workers was made fairer. The government put a lot of emphasis on education by abolishing fees for universities and secondary schools; additional university teachers were appointed, a larger intake into universities was accepted, the period of compulsory education was extended to nine years from six, and primary education was to be conducted completely in demotic (common) Greek which was also to have equal status to katharevousa (purified) in secondary schools. New subjects were introduced and more emphasis was put on others; sociology and economics were added to the curriculum subjects while importance was put on modern languages. In total, educational expenditure increased by a third in one year, and by 1967 11.6 per cent of the budget was dedicated to education. Also, although Papandreou viewed the left with some hostility, he released several thousands of prisoners still behind bars from the Civil War. Only about 1000 Communists remained in prison, a large decrease from its peak of about 20,000 in the early 1960s and 50s.

The July events
The lack of cohesion between EK deputies and the leadership resulted in the collapse of the Centre Union government. A leading cause for the schism in the party was the accusation of nepotism and lust for power on the part of Georgios Papandreou. Andreas Papandreou, the son of Georgios Papandreou, was appointed First Minister of State and Minister of Coordination in 1964, the same year he was elected to Parliament. Rising stars in the party, including future premier Konstantinos Mitsotakis, felt as though the younger Papandreou had not served his time in the party required to garner him the role of what is effectively the assistant prime minister. Disdain of Andreas Papandreou came to a head when, in May 1965, a report written by EK deputies opposed to the Papandreous accused Andreas of collaborating with ASPIDA, a grouping of left-leaning military officers.

Papandreou and King Constantine II’s (Paul died in March 1964) relationship began to break down over disagreements on the handling of the armed forces. Petros Garoufalias, a royalist Centre Union deputy, enjoyed the King’s support as Minister of National Defence. In turn, Garoufalias appointed officers loyal to both the King and himself. This was not acceptable to Papandreou, whose primary goal at that point was to purge the armed forces of conspiratorial elements which were vehemently against Papandreou and even more violently against his son holding far more radical views than his aging father. Initially, Papandreou retaliated against politically active officers by moving them as far away as possible from Athens, blocking their promotions or forcing their retirement, but he could only do so much without occupying the Defence Ministry as well as that of Premier. Papandreou, enjoying a healthy parliamentary majority, came to the King and demanded that he be made Defence Minister while holding the Premiership as well which was a prerequisite of replacing the Chief of Staff. The King refused on the grounds that Papandreou’s son Andreas had yet to prove himself innocent in the ASPIDA case. In disgust, Papandreou resigned, kicking off the 'July events' (also known as the 'Apostasy'), a stormy political crisis revolving around the resignation of Papandreou.

Immediately after Papandreou's resignation, a new government - headed by EK defectors disaffected with the Papandreous (the 'Apostates'), ERE deputies and 8 deputies belonging to the Progressive Party (all loyal to the standard of Apostate Speaker Georgios Athanasiadis-Novas) - was formed. This government fell in August and was replaced by a new one, headed by Ilias Tsirimokos, which fell a few weeks later in September when it failed to receive the mandatory vote of confidence. Stefanos Stefanopoulos was then appointed and obtained a confidence vote. In total, there were 45 'Apostates.'

The 'Apostasy' had a radicalising effect on the centre-left of the EK. This segment increasingly looked to Andreas Papandreou and, at one point, abandonment from the elected leadership of Georgios Papandreou by the centre-left seemed possible.

An end to the crisis seemed in sight when, on 20 December 1966, Papandreou, ERE leader Panagiotis Kanellopoulos and the king reached a resolution: elections would be held under a straightforward system of proportional representation where all parties participating agreed to compete, and that, in any outcome, the command structure of the army would not be altered. In the leadup to the election scheduled for 28 May 1967, the EK introduced a bill extending parliamentary immunity for the duration of the campaign aimed at protecting Andreas Papandreou, who was still under scrutiny for his potential involvement in ASPIDA; in March 1967, fifteen officers charged with being involved in the ASPIDA affair were convicted. Interim Prime Minister Ioannis Paraskevopoulos resigned in the ensuing row and Kanellopoulos stepped in to fill the role of the Prime Minister until the May election.

Despite the crisis subsiding early on, on 21 April 1967, a month before the scheduled elections, a clique of relatively junior officers headed by Georgios Papadopoulos took over in a coup d'état. Senior officials, including the two Papandreous, were arrested. Georgios Papandreou died on 1 November 1968 and the Centre Union, now illegal, was placed under the titular leadership of Georgios Mavros.

Post-junta
Mavros reconstituted the Centre Union in 1974 as the Centre Union - New Forces (Enosi Kentrou - Nees Dynameis, EK - ND). The leadership was offered to Andreas Papandreou; however, he declined the offer. Papandreou instead formed the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (Panellinio Sosialistiko Kinima, PASOK) and in the 1977 election, it eclipsed the centrists as the second largest party in parliament. The Centre Union rebranded as the Union of the Democratic Centre (Enosi Dimokratikou Kentrou, EDIK) in 1976, though it failed to re-enter parliament after 1985.

title: Centre Union


text: Template:Nations at 2005 Mediterranean Games


text:
Prashant Damle

Prashant Damle (born 5 April 1961) is a Marathi actor, comedian who has acted in numerous Marathi drama, movie and Soap opera over 35 years. He has been associated with Marathi theatre since 1983 and till date has performed in 27 different plays and a variety of hundreds of roles. Damle is widely recognized as the biggest ultimate superstar of Marathi theatre.

In the journey of 35 years of performing arts, he has been honored with many prestigious awards. To date he has 5 Limca Book of Records in his name. He has also performed in 37 Marathi Feature Films and 24 Marathi serials. On 6 November 2022, his performance in Eka Lagnachi Pudhchi Goshta marked his career's 12,500th show, a record.

Career
After the first few stage performances during his school years and college years he got an opportunity to act in the Marathi play named "Tur Tur". That proved to be a major breakthrough for him and thus he ventured into the commercial Marathi theater. He proved his excellence in comedy. Then followed the play "Moruchi Mavshi". During that period of struggle Mr. Sudhir Bhat of Suyog Productions, cast him into a lead role in his comedy-drama "Bramhachari". That was what gave birth to his devotion and dedication to the world of Marathi theater & entertainment. He got his first break into films through the film "Pudhcha Paaul" by Producer Mr. Vinay Nevalkar which was directed by Mr. Raj Dutt and thus marked his first entry into the world of Marathi films, where his performance and name reached to a larger audience, further stabilizing his presence in the acting arena.

Having done a number of Marathi Stage shows, Prashant has also worked in the film media. He has worked in numerous television serials and more than a hundred Marathi films. He has worked with the big wigs of the industry and worked in some of the all-time famous movies like - Pasant Aahe Mulagi, Savat Majhi Ladki, Ekda Pahava Karun, Aatmavishwas, Ena Meena Deeka (along with Ashok Saraf), Madhuchandrachi Ratra, Vajwa Re Vajwa and the most recent Tu Tithe Mee.

He has acted in many Marathi and Hindi television serials and has portrayed memorable characters. Some of his works in television discipline are "Gharkul", "Be Dune Teen", "Bhikajirao Crorepati", "Gubbare", "Saare Saare Gaauya", "Kay Pahilas Majhyat", "Darling Darling", "Bahurupi" and the very popular, "Filmi Chakkar", "Uchapati", just to name a few of his most unforgettable performances.

Damle suffered a mild heart attack in May 2013. He was undergoing treatment at an Andheri hospital. Damle was admitted to the Critical H4 hospital after feeling uneasy. Angiography revealed four blockages in arteries supplying blood to his heart which was operated the same week. Damle was busy with "Eka Lagnachi Goshta" when he had this mild heart attack. Because of this, all shows of his dramas had to be canceled for the next 15 days. After the treatment, he again started doing plays but at a slower pace.

Other activities
He is doing a cookery show called as Aaj Kay Special on Colors Marathi. He also works as a brand ambassador for Disha Direct, Shamrao Vitthal Co-op. Bank Ltd. and of Retired Army Association. His TV Show Aamhi Saare Khavayye on Zee Marathi brings its audience, a set of delicious recipes. The show also gives the audience an opportunity to participate. Theme menus cater to all possible situations such as a weekend lunch menu, a party or whatever. One can learn to make starters, drinks, main course items as well as desserts on the show.

Prashant Damle Fan Foundation
Not only an actor and singer but he is also a renowned producer of theatre, through this, he started his own foundation called Prashant fan foundation through which he carries on his social work for the welfare of the society. He has also donated Rs 1 lakh for the water program of Maharashtra Govt.

Theatre

 * Tur Tur
 * Maharastrachi Lokdhara
 * Moruchi Mavshi
 * Brahmachari
 * Lagnachi Bedi
 * Priti Sangam
 * Pahuna
 * Chal... Kahitarich Kay
 * Gela Madhav Kunikade
 * Lekure Udand Jhali
 * Priyatama
 * Be Dune Teen
 * Char Divas Premache
 * Shh... Kuthe Bolayche Nahi
 * Wyakti Ani Walli
 * Sundar Me Honaar
 * Sasu Majhi Dhasu
 * Eka Lagnachi Goshta
 * Aamhi Doghe Raja Rani
 * Jaadu Teri Najar
 * Bahurupi
 * Nakalat Disale Saare
 * Karti Kaljat Ghusali
 * Sangeet Sanshaykallol
 * Sakhar Khalella Manus
 * Eka Lagnachi Pudhachi Ghoshta
 * Sarkha Kahitari Hotay

He has completed his 11,000+ drama shows as of March, 2022

Filmography

 * Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai 3 (2018) - Shekhar Pradhan (Gautam's father)
 * Mumbai-Pune-Mumbai 2 (2015) - Shekhar Pradhan (Gautam's father)
 * Bho Bho (2016)
 * Welcome Zindagi (2015)
 * Gola Berij (2012)
 * Tu Tithe Mee (1998)
 * Akka (1995)
 * Yadnya (1994)
 * Chal Gammat Karu (1994)
 * Gharandaj (1993)
 * Premankur (1993)
 * Garam Masala (1993)
 * Sarech Sajjan (1993)
 * Savat Mazi Ladki (1993) - Dr. Dinesh Kirtikar
 * Char Divas Sasuche (1993)
 * Bedardi (1993)
 * Vajwa Re Vajwa (1992)
 * Sagle Sarkech (1992)
 * Ek Gaganbhedi Kinkkali (1992)
 * Aikava Te Nawalach (1992)
 * Aapli Manase (1992)
 * Khulyacha Bajar (1992)
 * Aayatya Gharat Gharoba (1991) - Ajay Sarpotdar
 * Atta Hoti Geli Kuthe (1991)
 * Dhadakmar (1991)
 * Bandalbaaj (1991)
 * Dhumakul (1990)
 * Fatfajiti (1990)
 * Baap Re Baap (1990)
 * Atmavishwas (1989) - Abhay Mangalkar
 * Pasant Aahe Mulgi (1989)
 * Ek Ratra Mantarleli (1989)
 * Eena Meena Deeka (1989)
 * Vidhilikhit (1989)
 * Aai Pahije (1988)
 * Reshim Gaathi (1988)
 * Saglikade Bombabomb (1989)
 * Anandi Anand (1987)
 * Olakh Na Palakh
 * Pudhcha Paaul

Television

 * Kay Pahilas Majhyat
 * Be Dune Paach
 * Uchapati
 * Ek Rupayachi Paij (DD Sahyadri)
 * Bhikaji Rao Crorepati (DD Sahyadri)
 * Hat Leka (Zee Marathi)
 * Aamchyasarkhe Aamhich (Zee Marathi)
 * Chandrakant Chiplunkar Seedi Bambawala (Sony SAB)

Reality Shows

 * Aamhi Saare Khavayye (Zee Marathi)
 * Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Season 11 (Zee Marathi)
 * Sahyadri Antakshari
 * Tak Dhi Naa Dhin
 * Aaj Kay special Season 1 (Colors Marathi)
 * Singing Star (Sony Marathi)
 * Kitchen Kallakar (Zee Marathi)

Stage

 * 1993: Best Actor, Natya Nirmata Sangh, Gela Madhav Kunikade
 * 1993: Best Actor, Natydarpan award, Gela Madhav Kunikade
 * 1993: Best Actor, Maharashtra State Award, Gela Madhav Kunikade
 * 1995: Best Singer/Actor - 1995 - Kalnirnay, Lekure Udand Jhali
 * 1995: Best Singer/Actor - 1995 - Akhil Bhartiya Natya Parishad, Lekure Udand Jhali
 * 1995: Best Actor, Maharashtra State Award, Lekure Udand Jhali
 * 1995: Best Actor, Critics Award, Lekure Udand Jhali
 * 1996: RECORD BREAKER ACTOR, A special prize by Prabhat channel,
 * 1996: Best Actor, Natyadarpan Award, Priyatama
 * 1999: Best Actor, Natya Nirmata Sangh, Eka Lagnachi Gosht
 * 1999: Best Actor, ALFA Gaurav Puraskar, Eka Lagnachi Gosht
 * 1999: Best Actor, Akhil Bhartiya Natya Parishad, Eka Lagnachi Gosht
 * 1999: Best Actor, Maharashtra State Award, Eka Lagnachi Gosht
 * 2003: Best Actor, Kalaranjan Puraskar, pune, Amhi Doghe Raja Rani
 * 2003: Best Actor, Maharashtra State Award, Amhi Doghe Raja Rani
 * 2008: Best Actor, Maharashtra State Award, Olakh Na Palakh
 * 2010: Best Actor, Maharashtra State Award, Bahurupi
 * 2019: Best Actor, Lokmat Maharashtrian Of The Year, Eka Lagnachi Pudhchi Ghost

Film

 * 1993: Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Maharashtra State Award, Sawat Majhi Ladki

Limca Records

 * Crossed the mark of 10,700 shows from 23 Feb 1983 till date
 * Performed 5 shows of 3 different plays in one day on 18 Jan 2001
 * Performed 469 shows in 365 Days from 1 Jan. 1996 to 31 Dec. 1996
 * Performed 452 shows in 365 Days from 1 Jan. 1995 to 31 Dec. 1995
 * Performed 4 shows of 3 different plays in one day on 24 Dec. 1995

title: Prashant Damle


text: User talk:139.55.52.100

title: User talk:139.55.52.100


text:
Tom Cherones

Thomas Harry Cherones, Jr. (born September 11, 1939) is an American director and producer of several TV series. He is best known for his work on Seinfeld, where he directed 81 of the 86 episodes of the first five seasons. For his work directing the series, he won a Directors Guild of America Award, and a Primetime Emmy Award as producer.

Early life
Cherones was born and raised in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, where his father, Tom Cherones, Sr. operated a radio and television repair shop. His grandfather was a Greek immigrant. His mother was Hazel Belle Hyche. He has a younger brother, Bill Cherones, who also worked in Hollywood.

Cherones graduated from the University of New Mexico in 1961 with a bachelor's degree in journalism and received a master's degree in telecommunications from the University of Alabama in 1966. From 1961 to 1965, he was a lieutenant in the United States Navy.

Television career
Cherones began working in educational television while a student at the University of Alabama and later produced and directed programs for WQED in Pittsburgh. His first work after moving to Hollywood in 1975 was as a production manager for General Hospital.

Cherones began as a television director on My Sister Sam in the 1980s. In the 1990s, he directed and produced Seinfeld (81 episodes) and NewsRadio (56 episodes). His work on Seinfeld won him praise as well as an Emmy, a DGA Award and a Golden Globe Award. Cherones also worked on Welcome Back Kotter, Caroline in the City, Annie McGuire, and Ellen.

Several of Cherones's Seinfeld episodes are considered highlights of the series, including "The Chinese Restaurant," "The Parking Garage," and "The Contest," with the latter featured in rankings of the greatest television episodes of all time. Within Seinfeld, he appears in a cameo as the fictional director in "The Pilot." Cherones left Seinfeld after season five at Jerry Seinfeld's request: "He was tired of the same thing, I guess. We changed writers almost every season, and finally he just wanted somebody else, another presence, to try to keep it fresh," Cherones said.

In 2003, Cherones was inducted into the Alabama Stage and Screen Hall of Fame. He was also inducted into the University of Alabama College of Communication and Information Sciences Hall of Fame in 2001.

Later life
From 2002 to 2014, Cherones taught a film production course at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, where he had earned a master's degree in 1976. In 2012, Cherones published his first novel, The Hardly Boys, a parody of the old Hardy Boys books.

Personal life
Cherones has two children, Susan and Scott, from his first marriage. He moved to Hollywood in 1975 with his second wife, Joyce Keener, who died in 2006.

Cherones is married to photographer Carol E. Richards. They divide their time between Florence, Oregon, and Taos, New Mexico.

title: Tom Cherones