text:
Talk:Goldfinger (novel)

Revised version of novel?
Wikipedia's article for Oddjob includes the unsourced statement that a second, revised edition of this novel was published in which some references to martial arts were corrected. This is the first time I've ever heard of this. Is anyone aware of Fleming releasing a revised version of the book? It is certainly important information to include here if so. (And if the information is incorrect, it should be removed from the Oddjob article.) 50.66.121.20 (talk) 13:40, 26 March 2019 (UTC)
 * It is not something that I have ever seen in any of the sources I've seen (although I haven't dug around everything on the subject). - SchroCat (talk) 13:51, 26 March 2019 (UTC)

Plot
Might be worth mentioning that, as Sean Connery explains in the film version, the novel's plot is unworkable. Ian Fleming made the usual and rather vulgar mistake of imagining that gold is much more valuable in relation to its weight and bulk than it actually is. (The same problem famously applies to The Italian Job, and to the otherwise excellent and esteemed 1969 British TV series The Gold Robbers.) If you try to rob Fort Knox, it would take so long to load and transport a worthwhile amount of the depository's gold bullion that the US authorities are pretty much bound to interrupt and detain you. The film substitutes a much cleverer plan, to detonate a 'dirty' atomic bomb in the vault, irradiating the US gold reserve and pretty certainly causing economic chaos in the West. Khamba Tendal (talk) 19:02, 30 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Ah, so you've read the article's Adaptations section then...? ;-) Cheers, Ian Rose (talk) 19:10, 30 December 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Goldfinger (novel)


text:
Keeper of the Privy Purse

The Keeper of the Privy Purse and Treasurer to the King/Queen (or Financial Secretary to the King/Queen) is responsible for the financial management of the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. The officeholder is assisted by the Deputy Treasurer to the King/Queen for the management of the Sovereign Grant, currently Sally O'Neill (formerly Chief Operating Officer of the Royal Opera House).

The officeholder is also assisted by the Deputy Keeper of the Privy Purse for semi-private concerns, such as racing stables, the Royal Philatelic Collection, Royal Ascot, the Chapel Royal, the Page of Honour, Military Knights of Windsor, Royal Maundy, the Royal Victorian Order, grace and favour apartments, and the Duchy of Lancaster. These are funded from the Privy Purse, which is drawn largely from the Duchy of Lancaster and the Duchy of Cornwall.

The Keeper of the Privy Purse meets the Sovereign at least weekly. Among the duties is the allocation of grace and favour apartments at the royal palaces. The current Keeper of the Privy Purse and Treasurer to the King is Sir Michael Stevens.

At coronations in recent centuries, the holders of this office have invariably carried a ceremonial purse, embroidered with the royal coat of arms.

Henry VIII

 * Henry Norris by 1526–?1536 (executed 1536)
 * Anthony Denny c. 1536

Edward VI

 * Peter Osborne 1551–1552

Elizabeth I

 * John Tamworth, 1559–1569
 * Henry Seckford 1559–1603

James I

 * Sir Richard Molyneux, 1st Baronet, 1607–?
 * George Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar, c. 1610–1611
 * John Murray, 1st Earl of Annandale 1611–1616

Charles I

 * Richard Molyneux, 1st Viscount Molyneux, PC 1616?–1636
 * Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Ancram, PC 1636?–1639

Charles II

 * Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington, KG, PC (1661–1662)
 * Charles Berkeley, 1st Earl of Falmouth, PC 1662–1665
 * Baptist May 1665–1685

James II

 * James Graham, 1685–1689

William III

 * William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland, KG, PC 1689–1700
 * Caspar Frederick Henning, 1700–1702

Anne

 * Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough 1702–1711
 * Abigail Masham, Baroness Masham 1711–1714

George I

 * Caspar Frederick Henning, 1714–1727

George II

 * Augustus Schutz, 1727–1757
 * The Honourable Edward Finch, 1757–1760

George III

 * John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, KG, PC 1760–1763
 * William Breton, 1763–1773
 * James Brudenell, 5th Earl of Cardigan, PC 1773–1811
 * The Right Honourable Colonel Sir John McMahon, 1st Baronet, 1812–1817
 * Lieutenant-General Benjamin Bloomfield, 1st Baron Bloomfield, GCB GCH PC 1817–1822

George IV

 * The Right Honourable Sir William Knighton, 1st Baronet, GCH 1821–1830

William IV

 * Major-General Sir Henry Wheatley, 1st Baronet, GCH, CB 1830–1846

Victoria

 * George Edward Anson 1847–1849
 * Colonel The Honourable Sir Charles Beaumont Phipps KCB 1849–1866
 * General The Honourable Sir Charles Grey 1866–1867 (jointly)
 * Colonel Thomas Myddleton-Biddulph KCB 1866–1878 (jointly to 1867)
 * Major-General Sir Henry Ponsonby GCB 1878–1895
 * The Right Honourable Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Fleetwood Edwards GCVO, KCB, ISO 1895–1901

Edward VII

 * The Right Honourable General Sir Dighton Probyn, VC, GCB, GCSI, GCVO, ISO 1901–1910

George V

 * The Right Honourable Lieutenant-Colonel Sir William Carington GCVO KCB JP 1910 –1914
 * Lieutenant-Colonel Frederick Ponsonby, 1st Baron Sysonby GCB GCVO PC 1914–1935
 * Colonel Clive Wigram, 1st Baron Wigram GCB GCVO CSI PC 1935 –1936

George VI

 * Major Sir Ulick Alexander 1936 –1952

Elizabeth II

 * Brigadier The Right Honourable Charles Tryon, 2nd Baron Tryon, GCVO, KCB, DSO, DL, OStJ 1952–1971
 * Major Sir Rennie Maudslay, GCVO KCB MBE 1971–1981
 * Sir Peter Miles, KCVO 1981–1987
 * Major Sir Shane Blewitt, GCVO 1988–1996
 * Sir Michael Peat, GCVO 1996–2002
 * Sir Alan Reid, GCVO 2002–2017
 * Sir Michael Stevens KCVO 2018–2022

Charles III

 * Sir Michael Stevens KCVO 2022–present

Deputy Keepers
This list is not complete.

 * 1922–1925: Paymaster Rear-Admiral Sir John Henry George Chapple, KCB, CVO, RN
 * 1985–1988: Major Sir Shane Gabriel Basil Blewitt, GCVO
 * 1988–2002: Sir John Christopher Parsons, KCVO, FCA, FIC
 * 2002–?: Harold Smith
 * ?–2011: Ian Donald McGregor, CVO
 * 2011–2017: Sir Michael John Stevens, KCVO
 * 2017–present: Sally O'Neill

Deputy Treasurers

 * 1923–1935: Sir Ralph Endersby Harwood, KCB, KCVO, CBE
 * 1941–1958: Commander Sir Dudley Colles, KCB, KCVO, OBE, RN
 * 1958–1968: Commander Sir Philip John Row, KCVO, OBE, RN
 * 1969–1985: Sir Russell Dillon Wood, KCVO, VRD
 * 1988–2002: Sir John Christopher Parsons, KCVO, FCA, FIC
 * 2003–2007: Stephen Ingleby Cawley, CVO, FCA
 * 2007–2017: Sir Michael John Stevens, KCVO
 * 2017–present: Sally O'Neill

title: Keeper of the Privy Purse


text:
User talk:Mental~enwiki

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

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Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Mental. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Mental~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:45, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 16:14, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mental~enwiki


text:
Au Bon Pain

Au Bon Pain (, meaning "at the good bread" ) is an American fast casual restaurant, bakery, and café chain headquartered in Richardson, Texas, which operates 175 locations in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan. The company is currently owned by AMPEX Brands.

Au Bon Pain serves baked goods such as bread, pastries, croissants, bagels; tea, coffee, and espresso beverages; breakfast foods such as egg sandwiches; and lunch items such as soups, salads, and sandwiches. The company also offers catering services.

Most Au Bon Pain locations are on the East Coast of the United States, with franchise locations in 17 states around the country.

History
Pavailler, a French manufacturer of baking equipment, established the company as a showcase for its ovens in 1976 at Faneuil Hall in Boston. The company's principals included Louis Rapuano, Pavailler, and two minor investors; Pavailler contributed baking machinery to the venture. Au Bon Pain sold croissants, pastries, and bread produced by French bakers. In 1977, it opened stores in Hackensack, New Jersey and New York City.

In 1978, Au Bon Pain was acquired by Louis I. Kane, a venture capitalist who liked how its products smelled, for US$1.5 million (equivalent to US$million in ). The business model was changed to sell baked goods instead of ovens. Francois Marin was hired to open and manage the first Au Bon Pain in Boston's Quincy Market.

By 1980, Au Bon Pain had over US$1 million (equivalent to US$million in ) in sales but was still losing money.

In 1981, the company was suffering from debt and on the verge of bankruptcy, and Ronald M. Shaich and his father acquired a 60% stake.

In 1991, Au Bon Pain was listed on the stock market via an initial public offering.

In 1993, the brand acquired Saint Louis Bread Company, the predecessor of Panera Bread, for US$23 million (equivalent to US$million in ). It also acquired the U.S. bakery locations of Warburtons, which were converted to Au Bon Pain stores.

In 1996, the company announced plans to upgrade the interior of its stores after reporting a loss.

In 1997, Au Bon Pain considered opening locations in Peru.

In 1999, Au Bon Pain Co. Inc. (later renamed Panera Bread) sold its Au Bon Pain division to Bruckmann, Rosser, Sherrill & Co. In 2000, it was sold to Compass Group.

In 2000, the company reached a franchise agreement with Gourmet Coffee Co. Ltd. of Taiwan to open the first locations of Au Bon Pain in Taipei.

Au Bon Pain had a store in the underground shopping mall at the World Trade Center in New York. This location, like many other shops in the mall, was destroyed in the September 11 attacks in 2001.

In 2005, Au Bon Pain management, in partnership with PNC Financial Services, purchased 75% of the company; Compass Group retained the remaining 25%.

In March 2008, LNK Partners, a private equity firm, acquired a controlling interest in the company.

In 2011, all of its locations were renovated in a major remodeling program.

In 2012, the number of Au Bon Pain locations peaked at over 200.

In 2013, the company announced that by 2017, it would only use free-range eggs.

In 2014, under the leadership of Sue Morelli, Au Bon Pain was named one of the top female-led businesses in Massachusetts.

In January 2015, Au Bon Pain hired Katherine See as its executive chef.

In June 2016, Morelli retired, and Ray Blanchette was named president and CEO.

On November 8, 2017, Panera Bread announced the acquisition of Au Bon Pain, which had split off from Panera in 1999 after being created in 1981. Following the deal, Ron Shaich stepped down as the chief executive, to be succeeded by Blaine Hurst, Panera's president.

In December 2019, Au Bon Pain closed its last remaining Cambridge, Massachusetts store, ending over 35 years of business in their former flagship city.

In June 2021, AMPEX Brands purchased the chain from Panera Bread in a deal that included around $60 million in assets. The agreement ensured the preservation of the Au Bon Pain brand in light of the closing and conversion of various Au Bon Pain locations into Panera Bread stores. AMPEX Brands declined to disclose the exact value of the deal but confirmed the inclusion of assets and franchise rights for 131 additional locations. AMPEX Brands also concurrently announced the move of the company's headquarters from Boston to its own headquarters in Texas.

Decreased urban foot traffic caused by the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in more closures, leaving only 123 stores in the United States. After a long downward trend, new locations started opening again under the new ownership, starting in a Macy's in Queens Center Mall.

In 2024, the last location in Boston, in the South Station train terminal, closed.

title: Au Bon Pain


text:
User talk:Darfsnuzal

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

title: User talk:Darfsnuzal


text:
Chacao Channel

The Chacao Channel (Canal de Chacao) is located in Los Lagos Region, Chile and separates Chiloé Island from mainland Chile. The channel is about 40 km long and 4 km wide and connects the Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Ancud. The channel was created during the Quaternary glaciations by successive glaciers that flowed down from the Andes to the coast. The construction of a bridge connecting the island with the continent was discussed at government level for some time, but during the first government of Michelle Bachelet (2006–2010) it was turned down due to its high cost in comparison with other proposals that could be done to benefit islanders. Later, it was reactivated during Sebastián Piñera government, and finally auctioned

A single-circuit 220 kV-powerline with a span-length of 2682 metres crosses the Chacao Channel, built in 1995. The towers of each end of this span are 179 metres tall.

The horizontal speed of tides in the channel has been measured to reach a maximum between 4 and 5 m/s during flood and 3 to 4 m/s during ebb. The channel has a high tidal energy potential.

About 700 m from the southern bank if the channel is a rocky promontory known as Roca Remolinos in the channel. Its top can occasionally be seen during very low tides. About 1500 m southeast of Roca Remolinos is a 20 m deep bank known as Seluian Bank.

title: Chacao Channel


text:
User talk:JDizzle

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Gamaliel 05:23, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

title: User talk:JDizzle


text: User talk:130.245.197.137

title: User talk:130.245.197.137


text:
Chacao Channel bridge

The Chacao Channel bridge, also known as Chiloé Bicentennial Bridge, is a bridge currently under construction to link the island of Chiloé with mainland Chile crossing the Chacao Channel. It was one of the several projects that were planned to commemorate Chile's bicentennial in 2010. The construction of the bridge began in 2017. When completed as a suspension bridge, it will be the largest such bridge in South America. The opening of the bridge is planned for 2025.

History
Construction of the bridge was scheduled to start in the second half of 2007 and completion was due in late 2012 at an approximate cost of US$410 million. However, on 31 July 2006, the consortium in charge of the project revealed that the total cost of constructing the bridge was US$930 million, which was above the limit of US$607 million imposed by the government. In response, the ministry of Public Works decided not to continue with the project. To compensate the people of Chiloé for not building the bridge, then President Michelle Bachelet promised an upgrade to the island's infrastructure.

In June 2009, the Minister of Public Works announced it would revive the project. The bridge would be redesigned (it would no longer be a suspension bridge) and its total cost would be less than in the original design, due to the falling price of steel worldwide. The toll would be also cheaper than a ferry ticket.

In May 2012, President Sebastián Piñera again revived the project, announcing it would open an international bidding process to present the best solution for the construction of the bridge, with a US$740 million investment limit.

Dimensions and features
The Chacao Channel bridge would replace the ferry that connects the village of Chacao, Ancud Comuna, on Route 5 (Ruta 5 Sur) at the northern end of Chiloé Island across the Chacao Channel with the village of Pargua, Calbuco Comuna, on the mainland.

The original design for the bridge showed a total length of 2,635 m, consisting of three concrete towers (two 179.6 m high towers and one 160.77 m high south tower), two mainspans of 1,055 m and 1,100 m, and a suspended side span of 380 m, providing a minimum vertical clearance for navigation of 59 m. It was designed with two one-way lanes on each side. The bridge was designed for a lifespan of 100 years, resistant to winds over 240 km/h, and strong sea currents.

Design and construction
Design, financing, construction, operation and maintenance was originally awarded for thirty years to the Chiloé Bicentennial Bridge Consortium, consisting of French company Vinci Construction Grand Projets, German company Hochtief, American Bridge Company and Chilean companies Besalco and Tecsa. Hochtief was the overall leader, Vinci provided the technical lead, and American Bridge was to contribute cable spinning and deck erection technology.

In the revived 2012 process the contract was awarded to a consortium of the OAS, Hyundai, SYSTRA, and Aas-Jakobsen with financial backing from Brazilian, French and Norwegian investors.

Criticism
Supporters expected that the bridge would boost tourism, increase investment and business opportunities on the island and provide better access to medical care. However, some inhabitants of Chiloé did not agree and they claimed that the bridge was harmful and even dangerous. This was due to claims that it would increase resource collection such as logging and increase pollution.

title: Chacao Channel bridge


text:
Cynthia Gibb

Cynthia Gibb (born December 14, 1963) is an American actress and former model who has starred in film and on television. She began her career as a cast member on the musical television drama Fame, based on the movie of the same name. She also appeared in the films Youngblood (1986), Salvador (1986), Malone (1987), Short Circuit 2 (1988) and Death Warrant (1990). She received a Golden Globe nomination for her performance as Gypsy Rose Lee in the film Gypsy (1993).

Early life
Cynthia Lowrie Gibb was born December 14, 1963, in Bennington, Vermont, U.S. and grew up in Westport, Connecticut, and attended Staples High School.

Career
At the age of 14, she began assignments with the Ford Modeling Agency in New York City. She was on the cover of Vogue and Young Miss magazines. She was cast for her first film role in 1980, as a Young Fan in the Woody Allen film Stardust Memories.

Gibb appeared in Youngblood, also starring Rob Lowe. She also played the role of Susan Martin Wyatt Carter on the soap opera Search for Tomorrow, appearing from 1981 to 1983. Gibb was a regular for three of the six seasons of the television series Fame, which aired from 1982 to 1987. She appeared in the Diagnosis: Murder movies in 1992 as Dr. Amanda Bentley. In Salvador (1986), directed by Oliver Stone and starring James Woods, she portrayed an American lay missionary in El Salvador who was brutally raped and murdered. In the TV adaptation of Gypsy, for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film; she played the adult Gypsy Rose Lee opposite Bette Midler as Madame Rose.

Gibb later starred in the NBC sitcom Madman of the People (1994–1995), and UPN series Deadly Games (1995–1997). She has also played in many TV movies, including the role of Karen Carpenter in The Karen Carpenter Story (1989). She played Mary Maloney opposite John Schneider in Mary Christmas.

title: Cynthia Gibb


text:
Vishwa Mohan Bhatt

Vishwa Mohan Bhatt, known professionally as V. M. Bhatt, is an Indian Hindustani classical music instrumentalist who plays the Mohan veena (slide guitar).

Personal life
Bhatt lives in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, with his wife and two sons. His elder son Salil Bhatt is a Mohan veena player (and also a player of the Satvik veena). His younger son Saurabh Bhatt is a Music Composer who has composed music for films, music albums and TV serials. Bhatt's parents, Manmohan Bhatt and Chandrakala Bhatt were teaching and performing musicians, who imparted knowledge of music to V.M Bhatt. His nephew, Krishna Bhatt, plays the sitar and tabla. He is the younger brother of Manju Mehta who is co-founder of Saptak School of Music at Ahmedabad and a trained disciple of Pandit Ravi Shankar.

Career
Bhatt is best known for his Grammy award winning album A Meeting by the River with Ry Cooder released on Water Lily Acoustics label. He is also known for other fusion and pan-cultural collaborations with Western artists such as Taj Mahal, Béla Fleck and Jerry Douglas. Exposure such as an appearance on the 2004 Crossroads Guitar Festival, organized by Eric Clapton, allowed his playing to reach a larger audience. In 2016, he performed a duet that has been released online with Kapil Srivastava, another leading Indian guitarist and the founder of Guitarmonk

The folk musician Harry Manx, who studied with Salil Bhatt for five years, plays a Mohan veena. Counting Crows' bassist Matt Malley also plays a Mohan veena and is a student and friend of Bhatt. Australian musician Lawrie Minson also learned Mohan veena from Salil.

Select discography

 * 1992 - Guitar A La Hindustan, Magnasound (India)
 * 1992 - Saradamani, Water Lily Acoustics
 * 1993 - Gathering Rain Clouds, Water Lily Acoustics
 * 1993 - A Meeting by the River (with Ry Cooder), Water Lily Acoustics
 * 1995 - Bourbon & Rosewater (with Jerry Douglas & Edgar Meyer), Water Lily Acoustics
 * 1995 - Mumtaz Mahal (with Taj Mahal & N. Ravikiran), Water Lily Acoustics
 * 1996 - Saltanah (with Simon Shaheen), Water Lily Acoustics
 * 1996 - Tabula Rasā (with Béla Fleck & Jie-Bing Chen), Water Lily Acoustics
 * 1996 - Sounds of Strings, Music today, India
 * 1997 - Iruvar (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, A. R. Rahman)
 * 2002 - Indian Delta (with Sandeep Das), Sense World Music, U.K.
 * 2008 - Mohan's Veena, Times Music, India
 * 2010 - Desert Slide, Times Music, India
 * 2010 - Mohan's Veena II, Times Music, India
 * 2011 - Groove Caravan, Deeksha Records, Canada
 * 2012- "Morning Mist", Bihaan Music, Kolkatta, India
 * 2014 - OMKARA - The Sound of Divine Love (with Rupam Sarmah)
 * 2015-"Vishwa Ranjini"-Bihaan Music, Kolkatta, India

Awards

 * 1993 Grammy Award (Best World Music Album) – A Meeting by the River(With Ry Cooder)
 * Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, 1998
 * Padma Shri, 2002
 * Padma Bhushan, 2017

title: Vishwa Mohan Bhatt


text:
User talk:Countmippipopolous

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24

P.S. I like messages :-P

 * You are not, and never have been, blocked. If you got caught by an IP block you'll need to give us that address so we can track it down.  Wikibofh(talk) 15:07, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

Wikilobby
Stephen Colbert had another report mentioning Wikipedia tonight, as such we are under attack from all Colbert references. Shoot on sight, and salt the earth. Special:Blocklog & Special:Deletionlog Special:Logs. Teke ( talk ) 05:38, 30 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Okay, things have slowed down so I can follow up with all the admin actions. Colbert has the same result as the Slashdot effect, with tens of articles and hundreds of usernames being created in rapid succession.  Some of these articles may turn into real content- at this moment there is no verification or reliable source and massive disruptions result.  Ignore all rules, and stable the project.  Teke ( talk ) 05:51, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

Back off
Please read WP:BLP. I'm an admin. You'll end up blocked. Enough said. -- Rick Block (talk) 03:59, 16 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm perfectly willing to assume good faith, however the allegations we're talking about can't be left on the page in question or on any talk page. I apologize if my comment above came across too strong.  This is a serious issue.  The allegation itself can't be on the page.  No talk page can include it as a quote.  Cryptic references are OK, but direct quotes are not. -- Rick Block (talk) 05:19, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Countmippipopolous


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jeffrey D'Onofrio

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy delete.

Jeffrey D'Onofrio and Sarang Shah
Delete. Zero google hits and the external link in this article is dead. Hoax, vanity, nn, etc. If deleted, Image:Pointing at chart.jpg should be deleted as well as it was in the article at one point. Gamaliel 05:27, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

Also added Sarang Shah by the same new user. Gamaliel 06:36, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per above. Friday 05:31, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. --bainer (talk) 05:41, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * [Unspecified]. There is a lot more worthy stuff to be deleted than this peice of vanity. i may go to wiki-hell, but it was worth it. -- [unsigned but by] JDizzle, author of these two articles.
 * Jeffrey D'Onofrio and Sarang Shah speed deleted: vanity, prank articles containing future history ("Presidential race of 2032") and fabricated past history (what these guys, born in the 80's, were doing in the 70's). Wile E. Heresiarch 08:18, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Talk:Sati (practice)

Unsourced material in "The Enforcement of India's 1987 Sati Law" section
There is a lot of unsourced material in this section. There are also speculative and/or subjective statements, such as "...unless immediate countermeasures are taken at many levels, the prevalence of Sati in these locations is likely to continue and may even occur more frequently," and "The society viewed it as an honour to deny a woman her rights because she is "dependant" on her husband..."

Someone should either clean up this section or removed the unsourced material. If nothing happens and no one replies here, I will delete the unsourced material myself in a few days. Indigotwelve (talk) 20:24, 16 June 2023 (UTC)

 * Done Indigotwelve (talk) 03:50, 26 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Bokka 2409:408C:5E80:6054:0:0:30CB:5504 (talk) 12:21, 1 March 2024 (UTC)

Self-contradictory article
Info under the headings "Origins and Spread" vs "History" contradict each other. Info is divided into 2 separate chapters for no reason and thus out of order. Should be reordered into 1 section (History). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:1812:1126:5D00:C8E1:6C83:9962:178A (talk) 11:22, 10 January 2024 (UTC)

Reverted Rigveda content
@Hig4ness- please discuss your edit here and provide a good reliable source for it. Your previous edit (now reverted) had removed sourced content and had added content with unreliable sources. Ujwal.Xankill3r (talk) 04:20, 10 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sati (practice)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Promethian society

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 08:30, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Promethian society
Vanity page. Google turns up 27 hits for "Promethian society" - many of which are from sites that get their info from Wikipedia. GoCardinal 05:27, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * There's also a redirect at Promethean society that should be deleted too. GoCardinal 01:11, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete, vanity, non-notable group of students. --bainer (talk) 06:09, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity, nonnotable. Wile E. Heresiarch 08:11, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn vanity. Pavel Vozenilek 22:49, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Bold, daring vanity!!! -- BD2412 talk 18:31, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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The Black Page

"The Black Page #1" is a piece by American composer Frank Zappa known for being extraordinarily difficult to play. Originally written for the drum kit and melodic percussion (as "The Black Page Drum Solo"), the piece was later rearranged in several versions, including the "easy teenage New York version" (commonly referred to as "The Black Page #2") and a so-called "new-age version", among others.

Drummer Terry Bozzio said of the piece:

"He wrote it, because we had done this 40-piece orchestra gig together and he was always hearing the studio musicians in LA, that he was musing on that, talking about the fear of going into sessions some morning and being faced with 'the black page'. So he decided to write his 'Black Page'. Then he gave it to me, and I could play parts of it right away. But it wasn't a pressure thing, it just sat on my music stand and for about 15 minutes every day for 2 weeks, before we would rehearse, I would work on it. And after 2 weeks I had it together and I played it for him. And he said, 'Great!', took it home, wrote the melody and the chord changes, brought it back in. And we all started playing it."

On the double live album Zappa in New York (recorded 12/1976, released 3/1978), Zappa noted the "statistical density" of the piece. It is written in common time with extensive use of tuplets, including tuplets inside tuplets. At several points there is a quarter note triplet (sixth notes) in which each beat is counted with its own tuplet of 5, 5 and 6; at another is a half note triplet (third notes) in which the second beat septuplet, and the third beat is divided into tuplets of 4 and 5. The song ends with a quarter note triplet composed of tuplets of 5, 5, and 6, followed by two tuplets of 11 in the space of one.

Zappa would re-arrange the song into "The Black Page #2" shortly after his band's mastery of the piece. This second version has a disco beat, but nevertheless retains nearly every metric complexity from #1. One notable difference in this version is that the final set of tuplets feature a rhythmic change and are repeated three times to conclude the song. The 1991 live album Make a Jazz Noise Here includes a so-called "new age version", which incorporates lounge and reggae music. The 1991 album You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 4 featured a performance from 1984 that had a ska motif. Both of these versions included guitar solos from Zappa.

Performances
In 2001, Terry Bozzio and Chad Wackerman released the video "Solos and Duets" which features "The Black Page" played as a duet between the two ex-Zappa drummers with a transcription of the piece scrolling along the bottom of the screen as it is being played. In 2006, "The Black Page" was featured on Zappa Plays Zappa - Tour de Frank, an ambitious effort by Dweezil Zappa to bring Zappa music to the stage again, played by himself and a new band. The 2006 tour also included, as special guests, Zappa alumni; singer & woodwind player Napoleon Murphy Brock, drummer Bozzio, and guitarist Steve Vai. In the 2006 shows, "The Black Page" was played first as a drum solo by Bozzio and then a second time as a guitar duet with Steve Vai.

In 2014 "The Black Page" was immortalized by Terry Bozzio in the form of art he calls Rhythm & Sketch. On canvas Terry's sketch of Zappa with "The Black Page" is layered with a rhythmic pattern of light traces from Terry's drumsticks. This was a limited run of 25 canvases and sold out quickly.

Drummer Morgan Ågren and guitarist Mike Keneally played the piece as an encore during Devin Townsend's "Empath Vol. 1" - Tour in 2019/2020.

title: The Black Page


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User:Onetwothreeip/David Risstrom

David Eric Risstrom is an Australian barrister and politician. He was a City of Melbourne councillor from 1999 until 2004, when he resigned to contest the 2004 federal election as the lead Senate candidate for the Australian Greens in Victoria, but was unsuccessful in controversial circumstances as a result of group voting ticket preferences by the Australian Labor Party which favoured the socially conservative Family First Party. He later served as president of Friends of the ABC pressure group.

Risstrom has educated at Wesley College Melbourne, the University of Melbourne (B.A.) and the Australian National University (B.Sc., LL.B.) before beginning his practice as a barrister.

In 1999, Risstrom became the first member of the Australian Greens Victoria to be elected to public office in Victoria when he was elected to Melbourne City Council with 9% of the primary vote, in a proportional representation electoral system. He was re-elected in 2001.

In 2004, Risstrom resigned from Melbourne City Council to contest the 2004 Australian federal election as the Victorian Greens candidate for the Australian Senate. He was unsuccessful.

Risstrom nominated for pre-selection to contest the 2007 Australian federal election as the Victorian Greens' candidate for the Australian Senate but did not succeed in winning the party's internal ballot for the lead candidate position.

Risstrom was selected as the Greens candidate for the federal seat of Cooper, previously named Batman, in the 2019 Australian federal election. Favoured by the previous Greens candidate Alex Bhathal, Risstrom was subjected to internal scrutiny on eligibility resulting from the dual citizenship crisis in the Australian parliament, and emerged from power struggles within the party. The announcement was made by the Victorian senator Janet Rice several months before the 2019 federal election. The current member for Batman is the ex-president of the Australian Council of Trade Unions, Ged Kearney who is a vocal member of Labor's Left faction.

title: User:Onetwothreeip/David Risstrom


text: User:ZhaoHong

title: User:ZhaoHong


text: User talk:205.209.68.201

title: User talk:205.209.68.201


text:
Vijay Manjrekar

Vijay Laxman Manjrekar (26 September 1931 – 18 October 1983) was an Indian cricketer who played 55 Tests. He represented several teams (Andhra, Bengal, Maharashtra, Mumbai, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh) in his first-class career. A small man, he was a fine cutter and hooker of the ball. He is the father of Sanjay Manjrekar.

Career
Manjrekar's Test match debut came against England at Calcutta in 1951, where he made a composed 48. He scored his first Test hundred in June 1952 against England at Headingley, making 133. It was his first Test in England and he was just 20 at the time. When he came in to bat his side was in trouble at 3/42 and faced a formidable lineup of bowlers in Fred Trueman, Alec Bedser and Jim Laker.

Manjrekar was part of the squad during India's tour of the Caribbean in 1952–53. Manjrekar finished the tour with three centuries, the most for India, with one coming off in the Fifth and final Test of the series against the West Indies. Having been promoted up the order to number three, Manjrekar reached 50 in 140 minutes. His next 50 runs came in 80 minutes. He put on a 237-run stand with opener Pankaj Roy for the second wicket, both playing attacking cricket, before the former was caught in the slips while playing a cut at 118. His innings included 15 fours. The match ended in a draw, resulting in the West Indies winning the Test series 1–0. Manjrekar finished 256 runs at 36.28. Overall, he was India's second best batsman in the tour in terms of numbers: he made 681 runs at 56.75. Reviewing his performance in the Test series, the Indian Express wrote, "Manjrekar, who had established himself as India's No. 3 batsman, was at is best against fast bowling and when King committed the indiscretion of bowling bumpers at him he rarely failed to hook them neatly to the boundary." In the next series, a tour to Pakistan in 1954–55, Manjrekar averaged 44.83 and made 269 runs in five Tests. In a tour that included other first-class games, he averaged 62.36 overall and made three centuries.

Manjrekar put on 222 with Vijay Hazare in an innings that suggested he would be a force to be reckoned with in the future. He would however fail to fulfill his early promise and faced problems with his weight and footwork. He eventually finished with a Test batting average of 39, a disappointment for a man capable of averaging well into the 40s. His finest series came against England in India 1961–62 when he made 586 runs at an average of 83.71. This included the highest score of his seven centuries, with 189 at Delhi. Another notable performance was in 1964–65 where his innings of 59 and 39 helped India to a Test victory over Australia. He scored a century in his final Test innings, against New Zealand at Madras in February 1965.

He held the record (subsequently beaten by Jonathan Trott) for the most Test runs scored (3,208) without hitting a six. He was among the four victims (others being Pankaj Roy, Dattajirao Gaekwad and Madhav Mantri) in India's miserable 0/4 start in the second innings of the Headingley Test of 1952 with Trueman playing havoc.

Manjrekar was also an occasional offspinner and occasional wicket-keeper.

He played for six teams in the Ranji Trophy, representing Bombay, Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra. He had a prolific career in the tournament, scoring 3,734 runs at an average of 57.44.

He died aged 52 in Madras on 18 October 1983.

title: Vijay Manjrekar


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Formosat-1

Formosat-1 (福爾摩沙衛星一號, formerly known as ROCSAT-1) was an Earth observation satellite operated by the National Space Program Office (NSPO, now the National Space Organization) of the Republic of China (Taiwan) to conduct observations of the ionosphere and oceans. The spacecraft and its instrumentation were developed jointly by NSPO and TRW using TRW's Lightsat bus, and was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, US, by Lockheed Martin on January 27, 1999. FormoSat-1 provided 5½ years of operational service. The spacecraft ended its mission on June 17, 2004 and was decommissioned on July 16, 2004.

Spacecraft

 * Weight: 401 kg
 * Shape: Hexagonal
 * Dimensions
 * Height: 2.1 m
 * Diameter: 1.1 m
 * Solar arrays: Two, 1.16 x 2.46 m
 * Electrical power: 450 watts

Instrumentation

 * Experimental Communication Payload (ECP)
 * Ionosphere Plasma Electrodynamics Instrument (IPEI)
 * Ocean Color Imager (OCI)

Orbit

 * Altitude: 600 km
 * Type: Circular
 * Inclination: 35 degrees

title: Formosat-1


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V-u-den

V-U-den (美勇伝) was a Japanese idol girl group associated with Hello! Project. The group was formed in August 2004 and consists of members Rika Ishikawa (Morning Musume), Erika Miyoshi, and Yui Okada, with Ishikawa being the leader. The group officially disbanded on June 29, 2008, after their last concert during their v-u-densetsu 5 tour.

Members

 * Rika Ishikawa
 * Erika Miyoshi
 * Yui Okada

Legacy
In 2009, V-U-den was revived as a Hello! Project Shuffle Unit under the name Zoku V-U-den (続・美勇伝). The new line-up consisted of Morning Musume members Sayumi Michishige and Jun Jun; and Berryz Kobo member Risako Sugaya. The group released songs for Hello! Project's compilation album Champloo 1: Happy Marriage Song Cover Shū. They also performed as a concert-only unit until 2011. In 2013, Zoku V-U-den reappeared with Rika Ishikawa to perform "Koisuru Angel Heart".

Singles (first generation)
* Though the romanization of this song would imply the translation would be "Ice Cream and My Pudding", "Aisu" is written with the kanji "Ai (愛)" for "love", thus making it "Love Cream and My Pudding". Also, in the PV for the song, there is a two-second screen that translates it as "Ice Cream and My Pudding", therefore it is a play on words.

Singles (second generation)

 * "ONLY YOU" is released on the compilation "Champloo 1 ~Happy Marriage Song Cover Shuu~ (チャンプル1 ~ハッピーマリッジソングカバー集~)

title: V-u-den


text:
Simon Ingersoll

Simon Ingersoll (March 3, 1818 – July 24, 1894) was an American inventor who created the steam-powered percussion rock drill, which replaced the hand drill and was a major advancement in the mining and construction industries. The drill vastly increased efficiency. However, despite lower labor costs, there was no recorded upturn in unemployment. Instead, workers were assigned to more meaningful tasks.

Ingersoll was born in Stanwich, Connecticut. He was a farmer, and in his spare time an inventor. Based on his percussion drill, in 1871 he founded the Ingersoll Rock Drill Company, a predecessor of today's Ingersoll Rand. Simon Ingersoll later sold his patents and died destitute in 1894.

title: Simon Ingersoll


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Gary A. Tanaka

Gary A. Tanaka (born June 23, 1943, in Hunt, Idaho) is an American businessman, convicted securities fraudster, sportsman and philanthropist who co-founded the investment company Amerindo Investment Advisors in 1979 along with Alberto Vilar.

Early life and education
Tanaka was born during World War II in the Minidoka Internment Camp in Idaho during the period of Japanese internment. He graduated from MIT, then earned a PhD degree at Imperial College London in the United Kingdom with a dissertation on the mathematics of the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in a fluid flowing over a solid surface.

Personal life
Tanaka lives in London with his wife and two children in a house which was once Dwight D. Eisenhower's wartime headquarters. Tanaka has two adult sons, Mark Tanaka, who is also a fund manager, most recently of Sanno Point Capital Management and Michael Tanaka, a notable businessman based in the UK.

Philanthropy
Tanaka was known for his donation of £27m to Imperial College, which resulted in construction of the Tanaka Building in 2004, designed by the international architecture, planning and design studio Foster and Partners. The building houses Imperial College Business School, and combines the business school's facilities with a new front entrance for the College. He was also known for the high-profile court case against him in 2008.

In August 2008, the Business School at Imperial College London was renamed from "Tanaka Business School" to "Imperial College Business School" both because the old name did not strongly emphasise its association with the College, and because Tanaka was found guilty of fraud the same year. The school's accommodation was subsequently named "the Tanaka Building". An alternative speculation is that the college changed the name of the school to distance itself from Tanaka's fraudulent activities.

Legal issues
Tanaka was tried in 2008 in New York for a $20 million fraud against customers of the Amerindo investment company he ran with Alberto Vilar. In November 2008 he was found guilty of conspiracy, securities fraud and investment adviser fraud. Tanaka was sentenced to five years in jail in early 2010. The sentence was later extended to six years.

Thoroughbred horse racing
Dr. Tanaka owns a significant thoroughbred racing stable. His horses have won major races in Europe, North America plus prestigious Asian events, notably the Hong Kong Mile and the Singapore Airlines International Cup. The success of his stable has come in large part from his ability to spot quality thoroughbreds racing in other countries and bring them to the US where they can run for larger purses, thus raising their resale and stud value.

title: Gary A. Tanaka


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Common coquí

The common coquí, widely known as the coquí (Eleutherodactylus coqui), is a species of frog native to Puerto Rico belonging to the family Eleutherodactylidae. The species is named for the loud call the males make at night, which serves two purposes; the "co" serves to repel other males and establish territory while the "quí" serves to attract females. The auditory systems of males and females respond preferentially to different notes of the male call, displaying sex difference in a sensory system. The common coquí is a very important aspect of Puerto Rican culture, and it has become an unofficial territorial symbol of Puerto Rico. The frog is also found elsewhere, and is usually considered an invasive species outside Puerto Rico.

Taxonomy
The common coquí was described as a species new to science by Richard Thomas in 1966. It belongs to the genus Eleutherodactylus which in Greek means free toes. This family is also known as the "robber" or "thief" frogs. This genus contains 185 species, which are found in the Southern United States, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. It is part of the order Anura, which includes all frogs and toads. The scientific name of the common coquí, Eleutherodactylus coqui, was first described by Spanish naturalist José Félix de Arroyo de la Cuesta, in 1875 (Arroyo de la Cuesta, 1875). The genus Eleutherodactylus, of which the common coquí is a member, is the largest genus of frogs in the world, with over 700 known species. The common coquí is closely related to other members of the Eleutherodactylidae family, including the Eleutherodactylus jasperi and the Eleutherodactylus portoricensis. These species are all native to Puerto Rico and are distinguished from each other by their physical characteristics and vocalizations (Joglar and López, 1997). This taxonomic classification reflects the evolutionary relationships between the common coquí and other species within the animal kingdom.

Morphology and lifespan
Full-grown male coquís measure, from snout to vent, from 30 to 37 mm, with an average of 34 mm, while full-grown females measure from 36 to 52 mm, with an average of 41 mm. The location of the frog also affects the size, for example the higher the elevation, the larger the coquis become. The size differences between sexes are a result of additional energy consumption related to breeding behavior by males.

Coquís are muddy-brown in mottled coloration on the top with rust-tan flanks and a light-gray belly. As tree frogs, Coquís possess sticky pads on the tips of their toes which help them adhere to moistened or slippery surfaces They do not possess webbed feet and are not adapted to swimming.

The known lifespan of the common coquí is up to 6 years in the wild, but the majority of adults do not live past one year. The species is generally believed to have a relatively short lifespan, with most individuals living for less than a year. In a study of the population dynamics of the common coquí, researchers found that the species has a high mortality rate, with only a small proportion of individuals surviving to reach adulthood. This high mortality is likely due to a variety of factors, including predation, disease, and competition for resources.

Evolutionary morphology
A study by Lawrence and Stewart aimed to explore the spatial and temporal variation in color pattern morphology in the Coqui frog population in northeastern Puerto Rico. The researchers recorded pattern morphs for 9,950 frogs captured at nine locations over a 25-year period. The data revealed 21 distinct pattern morphs, including stripes, bars, and spots. Significant differences in morph frequencies were observed among locations, with longitudinal stripes more common in grassland, and spot and bar morphs more common in forests. The analysis also showed temporal shifts in morph frequencies immediately following Hurricane Hugo in 1989, indicating that the pattern polymorphism is influenced by major habitat disturbances. The researchers suggested that the polymorphism is maintained, at least in part, by local habitat matching driven by selection pressure from visual predators.

The coquí is preyed upon by various vertebrate and invertebrate predators. The study explored the evolutionary adaptations in color and pattern variations that reduce the risk of predation. The concept of camouflage, cryptic coloration, and disruptive patterns were discussed in the context of predator-prey interactions. The researchers hypothesized that the pattern polymorphism observed in Coqui frogs is a result of selective pressures from visual predators, primarily birds, which develop search tactics and perceive the color patterns of their amphibian prey. The paper also discussed the potential factors influencing pattern polymorphisms, including apostatic selection and local habitat matching. The authors suggested that these factors, along with the likely heritability of pattern morphs, contribute to the maintenance of multiple patterns in the Coqui population.

Native distribution
Common coquís are native to the islands of Puerto Rico, Vieques and Culebra, where they are widespread and abundant; the only notable exception occurs in Puerto Rican dry forests, where the species is rarer. The common coquí is the most abundant frog in Puerto Rico, with densities estimated at 20,000 individuals/ha. Densities fluctuate depending on the season and habitat. Generally, densities are higher during the latter half of the wet season and decrease during the dry season. The species is considered a habitat generalist, occurring in a wide range of habitats, including mesic broadleaf forests, mountains, and urban areas, found in bromeliads, tree holes, and under trunks, rocks or trash. Since the species does not require bodies of water to reproduce, they can be found on most altitudes, provided sufficient moisture is available. In Puerto Rico, they are found from sea level to a maximum of 1200 m. Adults generally tend to be found at higher altitudes than juveniles.

The common coquís are often found in cohabitation with humans. Because of their unrestricted habitat use, E. coquí can commonly be found in homes and parks. E. coquí are found in natural habitats including the human mountain forest at elevations less than 1,200 meters and in the dry forest. They are found specifically within the under story of forests at all elevations up to the canopy.

Invasive population distribution
The species has been introduced to Colombia, Hawaii in the United States, and the Virgin Islands. It has become a densely populated invasive species in the Hawaiian Islands, where it was accidentally introduced in the late 1980s, most likely as a stowaway on potted plants, and quickly established itself on all four major islands. It is now considered a pest species by the State of Hawaii, and is on a list of 100 of the world's worst invasive alien species. As an invasive species, it can reach up to 91,000 individuals/ha, almost 5 times its maximum density in its native Puerto Rico. Higher densities in its invaded range are likely bolstered by a release from native predators, lack of interspecific competitors, and abundant food availability. In Hawaii, they have been found at a maximum of 1170 m above sea level. They were previously introduced in the Dominican Republic and to Louisiana and Florida, but these populations have now been eradicated.

Common coquís in areas where their density exceeds 51,000/ha could consume over 300,000 invertebrates per night. Because of their large populations, Hawaii worries about both economic and ecological impacts. The common coquí currently costs this state nearly 3 million dollars a year. Its spread has been commonly through the nursery trade, and as a result many people are reluctant to buy plants from nurseries that might be infected. Those began to perform quarantines and de-infestations in order to improve their prospects. Coquis also affect real estate values in residential neighborhoods, as many refrain from buying houses where their sleep would be disturbed by the up to 73 dB call of the common coquí.

Diet
The common coquí is a generalist nocturnal predator, which can consume, as a population, 114,000 invertebrates each night per hectare. Diets vary depending on age and size, but are primarily composed of arthropods. Juveniles consume smaller prey, such as ants, while adults consume more varied diets that include spiders, moths, crickets, snails, and small frogs. The frogs are opportunistic sit-and-wait predators, and will forage on any abundant prey. Males will occasionally consume eggs from their own clutch, likely to provide supplemental nourishment while guarding their nests.

Calling males eat less prey than quiet males, which consume most of their food by midnight, while calling males had eaten only 18% of their food by the same hour.

Native ecological impact
Experiments conducted in the Bisley Watersheds of Puerto Rico explored the ecological impact of Eleutherodactylus coqui on various components of the local ecosystem. The research involved small-scale and large-scale experiments to assess the effects on invertebrate populations, herbivory, plant growth, and leaf-litter decomposition. In the small-scale experiment, enclosures were used to examine the influence of E. coqui on invertebrates, herbivory, and plant growth. Meanwhile, the large-scale experiment utilized removal plots to evaluate the broader impact of E. coqui on ecosystem processes in a natural forest setting.

Findings revealed that the presence of E. coqui led to a 28% reduction in aerial invertebrates, with significant declines in herbivory rates by approximately 80%. In addition, there was evidence of increased foliage production and enhanced leaf-litter decomposition rates in the presence of E. coqui. These consistent trends across both small and large scales emphasize the potential scale-dependent nature of species effects on ecosystem dynamics. The frog displayed ecological significance as a vertebrate predator in influencing invertebrate communities and nutrient cycling within the tropical forest ecosystem.

Invasive Population Diet Impact on Local Ecology
Experiments investigated the diet and foraging behavior of the invasive Eleutherodactylus coqui species in Hawaii, and their potential impact on the local invertebrate communities. The study explored the prey preferences of different life stages (subadults, adult males, and adult females) across multiple sites and microhabitats. The researchers also aimed to determine the types and amounts of endemic invertebrates consumed by E. coqui, shedding light on the potential ecological consequences of their invasion. The experimental design involved the collection and analysis of 696 E. coqui individuals from 11 different sites in Hawaii. The specimens were categorized based on sex and life stage, and their stomach contents were examined to identify and quantify the invertebrates they consumed. Several methods were employed to collect invertebrates from different microhabitats, including flying insects captured using UV light traps, foliage invertebrates collected from understory plants, and extracted litter invertebrates. Statistical analyses, such as ANOVAs and PCAs, were utilized to assess factors like microhabitat use, prey diversity, and prey selection across sites and classes. Subadults and adults showed different microhabitat preferences, with subadults often found on leaves and adults distributed more evenly on trunks and leaves.

The diet compositions varied among life stages, with subadults consuming more prey and exhibiting greater prey diversity than adults. Certain invertebrate groups, including ants and amphipods, were overrepresented in the stomach contents compared to environmental samples, suggesting prey preference. Lastly, the study concluded on potential vulnerabilities of endemic invertebrates to E. coqui predation.

Behavior
Common coqui are nocturnal and their behavior is influenced by the surrounding environment, specifically the moisture levels. When humidity levels rise at night they emerge and begin climbing to their homes in the canopy. As these humidity levels decrease they move back down to lower levels where the humidity is higher. The younger coqui populations live in the understory on leaves during the drier periods. The leaves are particularly common with this population because they provide protection from invaders. As they grow into adulthood, the coquis journey up to the canopy and begin the process stated above.

A comparative behavioral study between frog species identified possible explanation for jump and hydration level correlations. The paper, "Water loss, cutaneous resistance, and effects of dehydration on locomotion of Eleutherodactylus frogs," examines the effects of water loss and dehydration on two species of neotropical frogs, the common coquí and the cave coquí (Eleutherodactylus cooki). The researchers found that jumping performance declined with an increase in water loss and a longer duration of exposure to dehydrating conditions. The common coquí, which occupies a wider range of habitats, including dry forests, had a slightly higher rate of water loss and lower cutaneous resistance than the cave coquí. However, these differences were not significant enough to explain the different geographic distributions of the two species. The study suggests that behavioral adaptations, rather than physiological differences, may play a role in the common coquí's ability to survive in drier habitats.

Habitat-behavioral research
A study conducted by Karen H. Beard aimed to perform a quantitative analysis of adult and juvenile Eleutherodactylus coqui habitat preferences in Puerto Rico. The study focused on the Luquillo Experimental Forest, a subtropical wet forest where the coqui is the most abundant nocturnal species. The research involved two surveys: one to quantify potential habitat range and another to quantify habitat use. The researchers found that coquis used most available habitats, but adults and juveniles showed different preferences regarding plant species, habitat structural components, and heights from the forest floor. The quantitative analysis revealed that adult and juvenile coquis exhibited opposite associations with important plant species in the forest, such as Prestoea montana and Heliconia carabea.

Adults had a negative association with leaves but a positive association with leaf litter, while juveniles showed the opposite trend. There were also differences in the distribution with respect to height, with adults being more evenly distributed and preferring heights around 1.1 m, while juveniles preferred heights closer to the forest floor. The researchers used goodness-of-fit G-statistics to assess whether coquis exhibited a random distribution with respect to plant species, habitat structural components, and height. The results indicated nonrandom spatial distributions, suggesting that coquis had specific preferences.

Invasive behavior
One study aimed to investigate the population densities of Eleutherodactylus coqui in newly invaded areas of Hawaii compared to its native habitat in Puerto Rico to understand the rapid expansion and high population densities of E. coqui in Hawaii, exploring potential factors contributing to its success. The research utilized mark-recapture methods and sound pressure level measurements to estimate population sizes and investigate the acoustic presence of E. coqui. Population study plots were established in east Hawaii at Pu'ainako and Lava Tree State Monument (LTSM), and long-term study plots were maintained in Puerto Rico. Census surveys were conducted over multiple seasons, and adult frogs were marked and recaptured to estimate population sizes. Invertebrate predators were also counted during frog censuses. Sound pressure level readings were recorded at various sites in east Hawaii to assess the intensity of frog chorusing. The study revealed that E. coqui populations in Hawaii, particularly at LTSM, exhibited significantly higher population densities than native populations in Puerto Rico. The Pu'ainako site, recently colonized by E. coqui, showed a growing population with low juvenile counts initially, suggesting a rapid establishment of reproductive populations within one to two years. The sex ratio was male-biased, and the population density in Hawaii was estimated to be three times higher than in Puerto Rico.

The study pointed to the apparent lack of effective frog predators in Hawaii, possibly contributing to the high population densities. SPL readings indicated that many sites in east Hawaii had intense frog chorusing, suggesting the potential for further expansion. The findings suggest that E. coqui is transforming the ecological dynamics in Hawaii, capitalizing on the absence of native or exotic predators and abundant retreat sites, leading to unusually high population densities compared to its native habitat in Puerto Rico. The invasion is not only altering the sonic environment but also influencing the arthropod predatory regime in Hawaiian forests.

Reproduction
Common coquís reproduce over the entire year, but breeding activity peaks around the wet season. Females usually lay between 16 and 40 eggs, four to six times each year, at about eight-week intervals. Eggs are guarded from predators—other common coquís and Subulina snails—by the males. The gestation period of coquís is from 17 to 26 days. The maturation period, the time from egg to reproductive coquí, is around eight months. Unlike most frogs, which lay their eggs in water, coquís lay their eggs on palm tree leaves or other terrestrial plants. Abandoned bird nests are also used as nests by E. coqui. The bananaquit, Puerto Rican bullfinch and Puerto Rican tody share nests with the coquí. This method of reproduction allows the coquí to live in forests, mountains and other habitats without direct dependency on water. Since eggs are laid on land, coquís bypass the tadpole stage, proceeding to develop limbs within their eggs, rather than going through a metamorphosis as a larva in water. Thus, a fully independent froglet emerges from the egg, with a small tail that is lost shortly after. This stage of direct development has allowed the coqui to become a successful terrestrial colonizer in tropical areas. Eggs hatch within eight weeks and reach reproductive maturity within one year. The common coqui releases their young from the egg using an egg tooth that the genus Eleutherodactylus forms. Both males and females fight off intruders from their nests by jumping, chasing and sometimes biting. The males are the primary caretakers of the eggs. They offer protection and moist environments through skin contact. They will leave during very dry periods in order to collect more moisture for their offspring.

Males begin their mating calls by perching above ground level.

The coqui's call (or canto in Spanish) is used both as a way of attracting a mate and to establish a territorial boundary. A coqui may enter another's territory and challenge the incumbent by starting his call, at which point they may engage in a sort of singing duel (which can last for several minutes). The first to falter in keeping up with the cadence is considered the loser and leaves the area without resorting to physical violence. This behavior is consistent across different species (which have distinctive calls), so it is possible to hear a duel where one coqui sings "COQUI" and another "COQUIRIQUI".

Influences on reproductive success
Field experiments by the Luquillo Experimental Division of the Caribbean National investigated the reproductive phenology, ecology, and patterns of male and female reproductive success in Eleutherodactylus coqui. The researchers focused on a second-growth rainforest near the El Verde Field Station. Data was collected over two years, covering various seasons to observe potential seasonality in reproductive activities. The research aimed to understand the influences of environmental factors such as temperature and rainfall on the reproductive behaviors of E. coqui. It sought to explore the relationships between male body size, calling behavior, and mating success, as well as investigate the factors influencing female reproductive success, including clutch size and hatching rate.

The results revealed that E. coqui exhibited prolonged breeding behavior, engaging in reproductive activities every month throughout the study. However, there was distinct seasonality, with reduced calling and clutch deposition during the dry season (January-February) and increased activity during the transition to the wet season (March-April) and the peak during the wet season (May-July). Both precipitation and temperature were positively correlated with reproductive activity. In terms of male reproduction, there was variability in mating success among males, but the relative variance in male mating success was relatively low compared to other anuran breeding aggregations. The practice of male parental care contributed to this low variance, as males caring for eggs typically reduced their calling activity. The study did not find evidence supporting a large male advantage or size-assortative mating. Instead, male mating success was correlated with calling effort, emphasizing the importance of active participation in chorusing.

For females, clutch size was strongly related to body size and exhibited seasonal variation. Male parental care and nest site quality significantly impacted hatching success. The results suggested that female choice, particularly in selecting mates based on their parental care quality and nest site, could significantly impact female reproductive success.

Invasive management strategies
Invasive management practices against the common coquí frog aim to control and reduce the population of this species in areas where it has been introduced, such as Hawaii. Preventative measures include banning the intentional transport of frogs, as well as the implementation of hot-water shower treatments on ornamental plants to kill coquí eggs, subadults, and adults. This can reduce the potential spread of the species through the trade of plants. Physical control methods, such as hand-capture, can be effective for small populations of common coquí frogs. Chemical control methods, such as the use of caffeine and water solutions, are also being tested for their efficacy in controlling the species on a larger scale. Citric acid has also been suggested as a potential control method, although its efficacy has not been demonstrated. An evolving variety of management practices are being explored and implemented in order to control and reduce the population of common coquí frogs in invaded areas. In Hawaiian forests, researchers investigated the invasive population to understand their potential predators and their impact on the ecosystem. Research conducted in Lava Tree State Park aimed to investigate whether introduced predators such as rats, the small Indian mongoose, and the cane toad were consuming E. coqui. Contrary to expectations, the research found that rats, known to be nocturnal and arboreal, did not consume the invasive frog. Instead, rats predominantly consumed plant material, indicating that E. coqui is unlikely to significantly impact rat populations. However, the study revealed that mongooses, despite being diurnal and reportedly poor climbers, opportunistically consumed E. coqui, suggesting a potential role in controlling the invasive frog population. Approximately 6.6-19.2% of mongoose prey items by weight consisted of E. coqui. The cane toad, on the other hand, did not consume E. coqui in the study.

title: Common coquí


text:
Prisons in Hong Kong

Prisons in Hong Kong are correctional facilities in Hong Kong, which are managed by the Correctional Services Department. Facilities have different purposes. Hong Kong has one of the highest rates of imprisonment in the region.

Description
Prisons in Hong Kong comprise correctional facilities in Hong Kong, a city and special administrative region of China. They are managed by the Correctional Services Department. Facilities have different purposes, including training centres, detention centres, rehabilitation centres, and drug addiction treatment centres.

Imprisonment rates
Hong Kong has one of the highest rates of imprisonment in the region at around 163 per 100,000. Imprisonment rates have declined from levels above 200 per 100,000 during 1991-1996 due to fluctuations in the numbers of illegal immigrants.

List of prisons
This is a list of prisons in Hong Kong are managed (or previously managed) by the Correctional Services Department.

Hong Kong Island

 * Cape Collinson Correctional Institution, Cape Collinson, Hong Kong Island
 * (Male young offenders undergoing training under the Training Centres Ordinance)
 * Chi Lan Rehabilitation Centre, Shek O, Hong Kong Island
 * (Female young offenders undergoing Phase I training under the Rehabilitation Centres Ordinance)
 * Ma Hang Prison, Ma Hang, Hong Kong Island
 * (Male adult prisoners and clinically old prisoners of low security risk)
 * Pak Sha Wan Correctional Institution, Stanley, Hong Kong Island
 * (Male adult prisoners)
 * Stanley Prison, Stanley, Hong Kong Island
 * (Male adult convicted prisoners and male adult remand prisoners)
 * Tung Tau Correctional Institution, Stanley, Hong Kong Island
 * (Male adult prisoners of low security risk)
 * Queen Mary Hospital Custodial Ward, Hong Kong Island
 * (Male inmates who are suffering from illness and referred out by the Medical Officers of various penal institutions)
 * Green Island Reception Centre, Green Island
 * (Currently closed)
 * Tai Tam Gap Correctional Institution, Tai Tam, Hong Kong Island
 * (Currently closed)
 * Victoria Prison, Central, Hong Kong Island
 * (Closed Permanently in 2006. Now redeveloped into a cultural and shopping destination generally called Tai Kwun )

Kowloon

 * Lai Chi Kok Reception Centre, Lai Chi Kok, New Kowloon
 * (Male adult persons who are: (a) prisoner on remand in any category; (b) judgement respited prisoners; (c) detainees under the provisions of the Immigration Ordinance; (d) civil debtors; (e) appellants (except under life sentence); (f) Star and Ordinary Class adult prisoners (except under life sentence); or (g) persons remanded under the Drug Addiction Treatment Centres Ordinance)
 * Lai Hang Rehabilitation Centre, Tai Wo Ping, New Kowloon
 * (Male young offenders who completed Phase I training in Lai Chi Rehabilitation Centre under the Rehabilitation Centres Ordinance)
 * Phoenix House, Tai Wo Ping, New Kowloon
 * (Young male inmates discharged from Detention Centre, Training Centre & Drug Addiction Treatment Centre)
 * Pelican House, Tai Wo Ping, New Kowloon
 * (Male adult inmates released under supervision from Drug Addiction Treatment Centre, and male adult inmates under the Release Under Supervision Scheme, Pre-Release Employment Scheme, Conditional Release Scheme, Post-Release Supervision of Prisoners Scheme)
 * Queen Elizabeth Hospital Custodial Ward, Kowloon
 * (Male and female inmates who are suffering from illness and referred out by the Medical Officers of various penal institutions)

New Territories

 * Bauhinia House, Tai Lam Chung, New Territories
 * (Female inmates released under supervision from Training Centre or Drug Addiction Treatment Centre, and female adult inmates released under supervision of Release Under Supervision Scheme, the Pre-Release Employment Scheme or the Post-Release Supervision of Prisoners Scheme)
 * Chi Lan Rehabilitation Centre, New Territories
 * (Female young offenders undergoing Phase I training under the Rehabilitation Centres Ordinance)
 * Lai King Training Centre, Lai King, New Territories
 * (Young female prisoners, remand prisoners, training Centre inmates, drug addiction treatment centre inmates)
 * Lo Wu Correctional Institution, Lo Wu, New Territories
 * (Female adult prisoners)
 * Pik Uk Correctional Institution, Pik Uk, New Territories
 * (Male young remands and male young prisoners)
 * Pik Uk Prison, Pik Uk, New Territories
 * (Male Star Class adult prisoners)
 * Siu Lam Psychiatric Centre, Siu Lam, New Territories
 * (Male and female prisoners in all categories (sentenced or on remand) and detainees who require psychiatric observation, treatment, assessment or special psychological care)
 * Tai Lam Centre for Women, Tai Lam, New Territories
 * (Adult female prisoners, remands and inmates)
 * Tai Lam Correctional Institution, Tai Lam, New Territories
 * (Male adult recidivists with short term or balance of sentence)
 * Wai Lan Rehabilitation Centre, Tai Lam, New Territories
 * (Female young offenders who completed Phase I training in Chi Lan Rehabilitation Centre under the Rehabilitation Centres Ordinance)

Lantau Island

 * Sha Tsui Detention Centre, Shek Pik, Lantau Island, New Territories
 * (Young male offenders)
 * Shek Pik Prison, Shek Pik, Lantau Island, New Territories
 * (Adults serving medium to long-term sentences, including life imprisonment)
 * Tong Fuk Correctional Institution, Lantau Island, New Territories
 * (Male adult prisoners)
 * Chi Sun Correctional Institution (Chi Ma Wan Drug Addiction Treatment Centre), Chi Ma Wan, Lantau Island, New Territories
 * (Currently closed)
 * Chi Ma Wan Correctional Institution, Chi Ma Wan, Lantau Island, New Territories
 * (Currently closed)

Hei Ling Chau

 * Hei Ling Chau Correctional Institution, Hei Ling Chau, New Territories
 * Hei Ling Chau Addiction Treatment Centre, Hei Ling Chau, New Territories
 * Lai Sun Correctional Institution, Hei Ling Chau, New Territories
 * Nei Kwu Correctional Institution, Hei Ling Chau

title: Prisons in Hong Kong


text:
Talk:Ace (tennis)

old discussion
The article says:
 * 18.09.2009 - 78 aces in match - Ivo Karlovaič (vs. Radek Štěpánek). Interestingly, he lost this match as well.
 * The fastest recorded ace in tennis history has been served by the American Andy Roddick.

How fast? When and where? The Roddick article doesn't say anyhing about this (it talks about fastest serve, not fastest ace). - dcljr (talk) 05:40, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I also thought the fastest serve was not an ace. Aree
 * Roddick hit one last year that was like 155, at the Stella Artois tourney. I don't recall if 'twas an ace. I think this is a bogus stat recorded here. I say one more vote and delete it. Sfahey 22:38, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I've gone ahead and removed the remark because it had morphed into the obviously incorrect sentence:
 * The fastest recorded ace in tennis history has been served by the American Andy Roddick, although it was succesfully returned and Roddick hit his subsequent shot into the net.
 * Such a shot wouldn't even be an ace. - dcljr (talk) 22:25, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

Yes, Roddick holds the record for the fastest serve and yes it was an ace. I went ahead and put it back in the article. Here's the proof: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dv5J8IcWwfU. Simply type in "Roddick fastest serve" into google and you will get ten more sources confirming what you see in the video. I am baffled at why this is even being debated. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jdlund (talk • contribs) 19:38, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Also, I changed that odd bit about Karlovic hitting a record 55 aces. Karlovic has never hit 55 aces. I have searched to make sure and I can find no record of such a game. There was a game where the chair umpire mistakenly recorded 55 but official match statistics and review of the game contradicted the umpire. He once hit 51 and that is all that I can find record of. If there is such a game where Karlovic hit 55 aces, please by all means cite a source that verifies such a statistic. Every other source I can find, including other wikipedia articles, all say that Karlovic shares the record with Johannson, hitting 51 aces in a single match. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jdlund (talk • contribs) 19:57, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Shouldn't this be merged with Serve (tennis)? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.39.122.71 (talk) 00:58, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Ivanisevic's record for most aces served in a year
I always read this 1477 number for Goran's record but I think this is underestimated. I counted the aces indicated in the stats of ATPtennis.com : http://www.atptennis.com/3/en/player...I034&x=19&y=12

I'm arriving at 1449.

But several stats are missing :

1. There are no stats for his 3rd round win (76 75 63) over volkov at wimbledon (this one could be enough to make it until the 1477 aces).

2. Stats are also absent for :

- his 2 davis cup matches

- his (lone) olympic games match (a loss, unfortunately)

- his 4 gran slam cup matches

So i wouldn't be surprised if the real total of aces is a bit above 1600. I remember to have read this somewhere but unfortunately I don't remember the source. Could anybody confirm my ace count ?

Merge Proposal
Since this article is not so long, I agree it would make sense to move it to Ace (tennis), where we will have a section for records. Jordiferrer (talk) 08:27, 1 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Since both articles are short and have the same scope it makes complete sense to merge Tennis records relating to aces into Ace (tennis).
 * As there has been no objection to this merge I will close this discussion that has been open for more than a year. MakeSense64 (talk) 11:56, 8 December 2011 (UTC)

Opening sentence
"In tennis, an ace is a legal serve that is not returned winning the point." That's wrong and it's not what the reference says. The reference mentions "not touched", it does not say "not returned". I also think it doesn't read well - it needs a comma before "winning the point". I would suggest: "In tennis, an ace is a legal serve that is not touched by the receiver, winning the point for the server." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.129.157.64 (talk) 15:20, 27 June 2011 (UTC)

main draw matches only
The tables currently include qualifier matches, but these should not be included in official records, only main draw matches should. So I removed those entries. I also removed the challenger match as it should only be for the top tours: ATP and WTA. -Testpored (talk) 22:33, 20 June 2015 (UTC)

Percentage records
It's obvious that winning a match 7-6 7-6 6-7 6-7 10-8 presents more opportunity for aces than winning 6-2 6-2 6-1. Has any reliable source kept records for percentage of serves or service points resulting in aces? This would arguably be a more impressive record to hold. jnestorius(talk) 15:03, 14 July 2017 (UTC)

Most career aces on carpet?
Maybe Goran Ivanišević with around 3380? 213.149.51.251 (talk) 12:15, 16 April 2018 (UTC)

 * Per-surface records are not an important enough category to be listed. The overall career total is what matters, and that's that the ATP lists. -Testpored (talk) 23:34, 16 April 2018 (UTC)
 * I didn't say that top lists should be included, but one player who has the most on each of the surfaces (4) and of course number of aces. ATP lists per surface records. 213.149.51.56 (talk) 14:04, 28 April 2018 (UTC)

50+ aces list
Who says that "it's better to keep it (lists) top 10"??? Who said that? Where is that written?? (one admin said) I think that the administrators think too highly of themselves.

Top 10 is an arbitrary number in this case, but 50 aces is noteworthy benchmark (high enough that not too many people will achieve it (40 would be a problem) and not too high that too few people will achieve it and it's a nice round number). It is important to see the nuances. If you are unable to see them don't shit on other people's work.

If you have list of all 50+ aces matches than you can read additional information from that list; for example Karlović is the only player who hit at least 50 aces in each of the GSs and DC match, or all people who hit 50 aces in for example AO... If you don't list all of them you can't read shit and you have list which has no purpose. 213.149.51.56 (talk) 14:17, 28 April 2018 (UTC)
 * 54 - Gary Muller (Wimbledon 1993, qualifying match) 3 sets, defeated Peter Lundgren
 * 50 - Gregory Carraz (Andrézieux 2004 - Challenger) 3 sets, defeated Tomas Zib — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.149.51.159 (talk) 11:14, 14 December 2018 (UTC)

Most aces ??

 * in a Olympic games match
 * in a ATP Finals match
 * in a match on carpet ? 213.149.51.159 (talk) 13:58, 13 December 2018 (UTC)
 * in 3 sets match (45 I. Karlović)  https://www.atptour.com/en/news/kyrgios-brisbane-2019-tuesday-serving
 * in two sets match (33 J.Isner in 2015 Atlanta 1R against Stepanek))
 * in a 13 game set (27 I. Karlović) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.149.51.159 (talk) 11:11, 14 December 2018 (UTC)

Other records
https://www.sports.ru/tribuna/blogs/records/274334.html {{{cob}}
 * Most years ended with most aces : Goran Ivanisevic (6 years - 1992, 1994, 1996-1998, 2001)
 * Highest average of aces per match in a year : Ivo Karlovic (21,1 aces per match in 2004)
 * Most aces in one four-setter : Joachim Johansson (51 aces - Australian Open 2005)
 * Most aces in one three-setter : Mark Philippoussis (44 aces - Kuala Lumpur 1995)
 * Most aces in one two-setter : Goran Ivanisevic (31 aces - Split 1998)
 * Most aces in the qualifying match : Gary Muller (54 aces in three sets - Wimbledon 1993)
 * Most aces in the challenger match 50 - Gregory Carraz (Andrézieux 2004 - Challenger) 3 sets, defeated Tomas Zib
 * Most aces in one set : John Isner (85 aces - Wimbledon 2010)
 * Most aces in one match without double fault : Andy Roddick (33 aces - Australian Open 2010)
 * Most aces in a row in one match : Samuel Querrey (10 aces in a match against James Blake - Indianapolis 2007)
 * Most aces in a row in one game : Boris Becker (5 aces in a row from 0:40 against Andrei Medvedev - Hopman Cup 1995)
 * Most aces in one match by two players : John Isner-Nicolas Mahut (216 aces - Wimbledon 2010)  213.149.62.221 (talk) 20:16, 4 January 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ace (tennis)


text:
Imperial College Business School

Imperial College Business School, a division of Imperial College London in England, was opened by Queen Elizabeth II. The business school cultivates innovative thinking and responsible leadership, preparing its students to drive global impact.

History
In 1851, the Great Exhibition was the first World's Fair, organised by Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria. The proceeds from this event were used to establish museums and royal colleges in South Kensington, to become a centre for science, culture, and industry.

In 1907, Imperial College London was established by Royal Charter, which unified the Royal College of Science, Royal School of Mines, and City and Guilds of London Institute into one university.

In 1909, King Edward VII laid the foundation stone for the Royal School of Mines building, which is part of the present-day Business School facilities.

In 1955, Imperial's first MSc in Production Engineering and Management was launched at 14 Prince's Gate. In 1961, Imperial launches an MSc in Operational Research and Management Studies. In 1964, executive education short courses were launched in Operational Research. In 1965, Imperial College London and the London School of Economics co-sponsor the founding of the London Business School.

In 1971, a Department of Management Science was created. In 1978, the Department of Social & Economic Studies was formed.

In 1987, the Departments of Management Science and Department of Social & Economic Studies merged to form a Management School at 53 Prince's Gate.

In 1989, an Executive MBA was launched. In 2001, an Entrepreneurship Centre was established. In 2002, a Distance Learning MBA was formed. In 2003, an Innovation and Entrepreneurial group was established.In 2003, Imperial College London elevated business to its fourth faculty, alongside science, engineering, and medicine.

In 2004, Queen Elizabeth II opened Imperial College's Tanaka Business School.

In 2008, the business school drops the Tanaka name and becomes Imperial College Business School.

In 2021, Imperial's White City Campus was opened.

Campus
The business school is on Imperial College London's main campus in South Kensington. Its modern glass architecture drew its inspiration from the Crystal Palace of the Great Exhibition, reflecting the college's historical origins. Designed by Sir Norman Foster & Partners, the landmark building was opened by Queen Elizabeth II and incorporates the 19th-century vaults of the Royal School of Mines.

The business school has additional facilities on Imperial College London's White City campus, which serves as an innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem for collaboration between students, faculty, entrepreneurs, and industry. Included on the White City campus is the Scale Space, set up as a community to help innovative companies accelerate growth. Located there are Imperial's Translation and Innovation Hub, Imperial's White City Incubator, Invention Rooms, and a Hackspace for manufacturing equipment and training.

Academics
The business school offers undergraduate and postgraduate education, including a Master of Business Administration (MBA), Master's degrees, Doctorate of Philosophy (PhD), as well as executive education.

The business school is focused around five themes:
 * Technological Transformation: How technologies are transforming business and society
 * Entrepreneurship: How to thrive in dynamic and uncertain environments
 * Healthcare Policy & Management: Policy and practice to improve health and wellbeing
 * Finance & Institutional Resilience: Helping build more resilient business and a stronger global economy
 * Sustainability & Climate Change: Inclusive and responsible business models for sustainable growth

Research
Imperial operates the following research centres:

 * Brevan Howard Centre for Financial Analysis
 * Centre for Climate Finance & Investment
 * Centre for Digital Transformation
 * Centre for Financial Technology
 * Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation
 * Centre for Responsible Leadership
 * Gandhi Centre for Inclusive Innovation
 * Imperial Business Design Studio
 * Leonardo Centre on Business for Society

Rankings and reputation
Imperial College London is recognized globally as a top-10 university. In the 2025 QS World University Rankings, Imperial ranked 2nd worldwide, behind MIT, tying its higher ever position. Similarly, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked Imperial 8th worldwide and 3rd in Europe.

According to the UK government's 2021 Research Excellence Framework, Imperial was ranked 2nd in the UK for business and management research, with 97% of its research classified as ‘world-leading’ or ‘internationally excellent’.

The entrepreneurial culture at Imperial, which blends business with science, is supported by some of the best-resourced entrepreneurial facilities in the UK, and the largest entrepreneurial mentoring system in the country, modeled after MIT. Its approach has translated into its Enterprise Lab having a startup survival rate of 79%, significantly higher than the typical 10% survival rate.

In the 2024 QS rankings, Imperial's MBA programme was ranked 9th in Europe, and the Financial Times ranked it 10th in Europe. The 2023 QS rankings placed Imperial's MBA programme as 3rd worldwide and 1st in Europe for career specilisation in entrepreneurship.

In the 2024 QS rankings, Imperial’s master’s programmes were ranked 4th worldwide for marketing, 6th worldwide for business analytics, 13th worldwide for finance, and 14th worldwide for management. Similarly, the Financial Times ranked Imperial 15th worldwide for a master's in finance.

Imperial is also known for the high employability of its graduates. In 2024, it ranked 1st in the UK for highly skilled employment or further studies by the Complete University Guide, Guardian University Guide, and Times Good University Guide. A 2021 analysis by the Higher Education Statistics Agency showed that Imperial graduates earned the highest median salaries of all UK universities, a testament to the quality and impact of their education.

Directors and deans
* Interim
 * Sam Eilon (1955–1987)
 * David Norburn (1987–2003)
 * David Begg (2003–2012)
 * Dorothy Griffiths (2012–2013)
 * G. "Anand" Anandalingam (2013–2016)
 * Nelson Phillips (2016–2017)*
 * Francisco Veloso (2017–2023)
 * Franklin Allen (2023-2024)*
 * Peter Todd (2024–present)

Notable academic staff

 * Franklin Allen, Professor of Finance, Executive Director of the Brevan Howard Centre for Financial Analysis (2014–present)
 * Patrick Bolton, Professor of Finance, Research Director of the Centre for Climate Finance & Investment (2023–24)
 * David Miles, CBE, Professor of Financial Economics
 * William Perraudin, Economist (former Chair in Finance, now adjunct professor)
 * Carol Propper, CBE, FBA, Chair in Economics
 * Tommaso Valletti, Chair in Economics, Chief Competition Economist of the European Commission (2016–2019)
 * George Yip, Emeritus Professor of Marketing and Strategy

title: Imperial College Business School