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Goethe Link Observatory

The Goethe Link Observatory, observatory code 760, is an astronomical observatory near Brooklyn, Indiana, United States. It is owned by Indiana University and operated by the Indiana Astronomical Society https://iasindy.org/about.html, which efforts are dedicated to the pursuit of amateur astronomy.

Observatory Address: 8403 Observatory Ln, Martinsville, IN 46151.

Hours: During and after General Meetings of the Indiana Astronomical Society (IAS). See https://iasindy.org/events.html, for dates and times.

It is named in honor of amateur astronomer Dr. Goethe Link, an Indianapolis surgeon, who built it with his private funds. Construction of the observatory started in 1937, and the telescope was first operated in 1939. In 1948, he donated the observatory to Indiana University.

From 1949 until 1966, the Indiana Asteroid Program was conducted at Goethe Link, using a 10-inch Cooke triplet astrograph (f/6.5). The program resulted in the discovery of 119 asteroids, which were credited by the Minor Planet Center to "Indiana University".

When light pollution began to degrade the Goethe Link Observatory's capabilities in the 1960s, Indiana University built a new facility in the Morgan–Monroe State Forest officially designated as the Morgan–Monroe Station (MMS) of the Goethe Link Observatories. IU operated that facility through about 2014. Today, Indiana University primarily uses the WIYN 3.5-m and 0.9-m telescopes located at the Kitt Peak National Observatory near Tucson, AZ for ongoing research.

The naming of the two main-belt asteroids, 1602 Indiana and 1728 Goethe Link – both discovered at Goethe Link Observatory in 1950 and 1964, respectively – is related to the Observatory and its parent institution.

title: Goethe Link Observatory


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File:Come Home With MeCam.jpg

Summary
Description: The cover of Camron's album Come Home with Me.

Source: http://www.cduniverse.com/images.asp?pid=3520578&style=music&image=front&title=Cam%27Ron+%2D+Come+Home+With+Me+CD

Fair use rationale for Come Home with Me

 * 1) No free equivalent is available.
 * 2) The cover is intended for wide distribution and its use here does not detract from the album.
 * 3) The cover is low resolution and only the front portion is used.
 * 4) The cover has been previously published by retail outlets.
 * 5) The cover meets general Wikipedia content requirements.
 * 6) The cover meets Wikipedia's image use policy.
 * 7) The cover is used only in the said article.
 * 8) For an article about an album, the cover is one of the most relevant images that can be included.
 * 9) The cover is used in the article namespace.
 * 10) The source and copyright tag is identified for the cover.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Come Home With MeCam.jpg


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17th Signal Battalion (United States)

The 17th Signal Battalion of the United States Army was a MSE (Mobile Subscriber Equipment) equipped signal battalion based in Kitzingen, Germany (Larson Barracks). The battalion was one of three that made up the 22nd Signal Brigade, based in Darmstadt, Germany.

The battalion's mission statement was: "On order, 17th Signal Battalion rapidly deploys to provide signal support to V Corps in support of conventional or contingency operations."

The battalion was deactivated on 17 August 2006.

Subunits

 * HHC 17th Signal Battalion
 * Alpha Company MSE Area Support
 * Bravo Company MSE Area Support
 * Charlie Company MSE Area Support
 * Delta Company MSE Signal Support

History
The 17th Signal Battalion was activated in the Army of the United States on 30 November 1942 at Camp Crowder, Missouri. From its activation until 20 October 1943, the battalion participated in the Second Army maneuvers. On 1 November 1943, the battalion was assigned to Headquarters, U.S. First Army, stationed in Patchway, England where its primary mission was to provide communications for First Army Headquarters. The battalion was then deployed and participated in the World War II campaigns of Normandy, Northern France, Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, and Central Europe.

Following World War II, the 17th Signal Battalion was inactivated at Camp Bowie, Texas. The Battalion was reactivated on 5 July 1950 at Karlsruhe, Germany, and again inactivated on 25 September 1965.

On 16 March 1981, the battalion was reactivated under the 22nd Signal Brigade at McNair Kaserne, Höchst, Germany, and entrusted with the mission of providing command and control communications to the US V Corps Commanding General and subordinate units. The Battalion's Charlie Company was located on Gibbs Kaserne and supported the V Corps Emergency Action Center located on the Abrams Complex. This area came to be known as "The Patio". Delta Company was formed and replaced Charlie Company at Gibbs Kaserne when Charlie Company rejoined the rest of the battalion located at McNair Kaserne until the battalion was deployed to Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm. In December 1992, the entire battalion moved to their new home on Larson Barracks in Kitzingen, Germany. In 1993, Bravo Company (Signal), 11th Air Defense Artillery from Würzburg merged into the Battalion to become the 57th Signal Company.

In recent years the battalion has participated in Operations Desert Shield, Desert Storm, Deny Flight, Provide Hope and Joint Endeavor. In October 2002 the 17th Signal Battalion participated in Operation Internal Look and later deployed in support of Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom.

The battalion was inactivated on 17 August 2006. The unit's final commander was LTC Glenn A. Kennedy, II. Upon deactivation, the 17th Signal Battalion consisted of a Headquarters Company, three MSE Area Support Companies (Alpha, Bravo, and Charlie), and an MSE Signal Support Company (Delta).

Lineage

 * Constituted 1 November 1942 in the Army of the United States as the 17th Signal Operations Battalion
 * Activated 30 November 1942 at Camp Crowder, Missouri
 * Inactivated 18 February 1946 at Camp Bowie, Texas
 * Redesignated 5 July 1950 as the 17th Signal Operation Battalion and activated in Germany
 * Allotted 15 December 1950 to the Regular Army
 * Reorganized and redesignated 20 October 1953 as the 17th Signal Battalion
 * Inactivated 25 September 1965 in Germany
 * Activated 16 March 1981 in Germany
 * Inactivated 17 August 2006 in Germany

Campaign participation credit

 * World War II:
 * 1) Normandy
 * 2) Northern France
 * 3) Rhineland
 * 4) Ardennes-Alsace
 * 5) Central Europe

 * Southwest Asia:

 * 1) Defense of Saudi Arabia
 * 2) Liberation and Defense of Kuwait
 * 3) Cease-Fire
 * 4) Operation Enduring Freedom
 * 5) Operation Iraqi Freedom I
 * 6) Operation Iraqi Freedom III

Decorations

 * Joint Meritorious Unit Award
 * Army Superior Unit Award

title: 17th Signal Battalion (United States)


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User:Hworld

Placeholder

title: User:Hworld


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Gaming convention

A gaming convention is a gathering centered on role-playing games, collectible card games, miniatures wargames, board games, video games, or other types of games. These conventions are typically two or three business days long, and often held at either a university or in a convention center hotel.

The largest gaming convention, Spiel, is a trade fair held in Essen, Germany that focuses on German-style board games and RPGs. A similarly large event is Festival Ludique International de Parthenay (FLIP), a games festival held over twelve days in France. The annual Gamescom in Cologne is the world's leading expo for video games.

While games are often a large part of science fiction conventions and other hobby conventions, gaming conventions are distinguished by focusing on games and game-industry guests. The Penny Arcade Expo is the largest gaming convention in the US, with over 70,000 attendees at both its East (Boston) and Prime (Seattle) events. Gen Con has an emphasis on RPGs and features events for RPGs, CCGs, miniatures and boardgames with 60,000+ unique attendees over four days in 2017. Origins focuses on miniatures wargames and boardgames with 12,902 unique attendees in 2014, but also has a large component of RPG and CCG players. DragonCon is an example of a large convention with a focus on popular culture and comics that includes a large gaming contingent and 35,000-40,000 attendees, but isn't dedicated solely as a gaming convention. A smaller genre of gaming conventions are those devoted to the hobby of historical miniature wargaming.

World Boardgaming Championships, PrezCon and Euro Quest are game conventions representing the hobby of Tournament Board Gaming Open Gaming, Demos, Jr. Events and more dedicated to the face to face board game hobby. The World Boardgaming Championships and PrezCon are considered two of the largest events dedicated solely to board games. WBC runs the first week in August each year and PrezCon runs the last week of February each year.

Pre-history
A Cincinnati, Ohio duo debuts the first known modern cosplay in 1908. Near the end of the century, cosplay would become a staple at a number of events, including gaming conventions.

Events
Gaming conventions typically have games scheduled for various time slots. Most gaming cons use some system of pre-registration to ensure that games are neither over-full nor under-full.

Competitive games, such as Magic: The Gathering, typically have tournaments set out where players meet in matches. Prizes can be quite large for the winners. There are also competitive role-playing games, where the best roleplayers, most successful parties, etc. get rewarded. The RPGA runs competitive Dungeons & Dragons and other RPGs at many conventions. Most scheduled RPGs, however, are not competitive.

The types of games often include many of the following:

 * Collectible Card Games (CCGs), like Magic: The Gathering and Pokémon
 * Board games
 * Role-playing games (RPGs), like Dungeons & Dragons, Pathfinder, Shadowrun, and Traveller
 * RPGA games
 * Table-top miniatures games like Battletech, HeroClix, Car Wars, Flames of War and Warhammer 40k
 * LARPs
 * Electronic games

Open gaming goes on throughout any such convention, and it is common that all seating in common areas will be taken by people playing pick-up games. Pick-up gaming is not generally discouraged by the convention management; in fact, pick-up games are a large part of the appeal of gaming conventions.

There is almost always a dealers' room where various game manufacturers and related companies sell their products. Many game companies choose game cons to reveal new products. Creating consumer excitement is greatly facilitated at gaming cons, but word can spread fast, and games may equally well become instant failures at conventions.

Often there are other activities at a gaming convention as well. Costume balls, art auctions, and screenings of movies may all take place. Lectures, workshops, or panel discussions on gaming might be part of the programming, or for some cons, even the focus.

title: Gaming convention


text: Category:Trust companies of Canada

title: Category:Trust companies of Canada


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Infitah

Infitah (انفتاح infitāḥ, "openness") or Law 43 of 1974 was Egyptian President Anwar Sadat's policy of "opening the door" to private investment in Egypt in the years following the 1973 October War (Yom Kippur War) with Israel. Infitah was accompanied by a break with longtime ally and aid-giver the USSR – which was replaced by the United States – and by a peace process with Israel symbolized by Sadat's dramatic flight to Jerusalem in 1977. Infitah ended the domination of Egypt's economy by the public sector and encouraged both domestic and foreign investment in the private sector. The Egyptian Army's crossing across the Suez canal in the October 1973 Yom Kippur War, which, despite Egypt's eventual defeat, was seen by many as a political victory for its initial successes and gave Sadat the prestige to initiate a major reversal of Gamal Abdel Nasser's policies.

Overview
Under President Nasser, proponents of statism and a command economy with limited private investment, dominated the political scene. However, by the 1970s, critics believed Egypt's economy, with its large public sector, had evolved into a "Soviet-style system" of "inefficiency, suffocating bureaucracy, and waste." Sadat also wanted to turn Egypt away from its focus on war with Israel and devotion of resources to a large military establishment. He believed capitalist economic policies would build a substantial private sector, and alliance with the United States and the West would lead to prosperity (rakhaa رخاء) and eventually democratic pluralism. Infitah was not only ideologically but also politically motivated: by aligning himself with the capitalist West, and the rich and powerful members of Egyptian society, Sadat differentiated himself from his predecessor Nasser while at the same time securing his position in power.

Shortcomings
The implementation of Infitah is generally considered to have been flawed in its over-ambitiousness and its appearance of having abandoned "solidarity with the poor." The government rewarded its cronies and allies (many of whom became quite rich), and built a power base loyal to the regime with concessions on land, goods and commodities; mandates and contracts to agencies and dealerships, but did little to create free markets and an open economy. The millions of previously poor Egyptians who had joined the middle class under the Nasser regime through education and jobs as doctors, engineers, teachers, lawyers, journalists for the government or parastatals, were left stuck in an "increasingly marginalized, stagnant and low-paying public sector," under Infitah. Infitah was a shock to the Nasser-era middle class, reversing the socialist principles of Nasserism, seeming to revoke policies of free education, social equality, abolition of feudalism, nationalization of land and industry, and progressive taxation. At the same time the public sector continued to dominate the economy. The proportion of the population working for the state grew from 3.8% at the height of the Nasserite era, to 10% (about 35% of the country's entire labor force) after the full thrust of Infitah in the early 1980s. Despite promotion of foreign private investment, the "state's contribution to the formation of investment capital" (72%), barely changed from the mid-1960s to the end of the 1970s.

According to author Tarek Osman "'Infitah's main fault was that it was over ambitious. It failed to recognize the complexities of Egypt's socio-economic conditions ... It ignored the limitations of the country's administrative system and the power of the military establishment ... the mismatch between the skills of the Egyptian middle class and the various economic opportunities springing up as a result. ... As such, it was an unrealistically rapid developmental program that was doomed to fail.'"

In 1977, negative public reaction to Infitah policies led to massive spontaneous riots involving hundreds of thousands of Egyptians when the state announced that it was retiring subsidies on basic foodstuffs. On 6 October 1981, Sadat was assassinated during a military parade in Cairo.

title: Infitah


text: User talk:85.100.106.17

title: User talk:85.100.106.17


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Lager Norderney

Lager Norderney was a Nazi concentration camp on Alderney, in the Channel Islands, named after the East Frisian island of Norderney.

The German Organisation Todt (OT) built four labour camps in Alderney to house workers for the planned fortifications. Lager Norderney located at Saye, Lager Borkum off Longis Hill, Lager Sylt near the old telegraph tower at La Foulère and Lager Helgoland, situated behind Platte Saline. the control of Lager Norderney changed from March 1943 to June 1944 when it was run by the Schutzstaffel - SS-Baubrigade and Lager Norderney became a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp (located in Hamburg, Germany).

Alderney camps
Each Alderney camp was named after one of the Frisian Islands: Lager Norderney located at Saye, Lager Helgoland at Platte Saline, Lager Sylt near the old telegraph tower at La Foulère and Lager Borkum, situated near the Impot. Two of these camps were the only Nazi concentration camps on British soil, the other two were labour camps.

The labour housed in the camps were used by the OT in a forced labour programme, to supply labour to build fortifications including bunkers, gun emplacements, air-raid shelters and other concrete defensive structures.

Norderney camp housed European (mostly Russian and other Eastern but including Spaniard) enforced labourers. The prisoners in Lager Norderney and Lager Sylt were slave labourers. The Borkum and Helgoland camps were "volunteer" (Hilfswillige) labour camps and the labourers in those camps were treated harshly but better than the inmates at the Sylt and Norderney camps. Lager Borkum was used for German technicians and volunteers from different countries of Europe. Lager Helgoland was filled with Russian Organisation Todt workers.

Norderney Camp
The camp was built up by the OT after January 1942 and run by them until in March 1943 when it was handed over to the Schutzstaffel - SS-Baubrigade I—which was first under supervision of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp; and ran under the Neuengamme camp in northern Germany.

Some of the structures of Lager Norderney still remain, and the site is now a camping site for tourists. Close by is a tunnel from the camp to the beach, which is it is claimed was used by the Nazis as a shelter, or possibly as a killing site.

Over 700 OT workers lost their lives in the island and in shipping traveling to or from Alderney, before the workers were transferred to France to help build the Atlantic Wall. The destruction of Norderney Camp by the Nazis began in March 1942 and the camps were closed after the Normandy invasion in June 1944.

title: Lager Norderney


text: Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-07-04

title: Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-07-04


text:
User talk:Watcher1

To watch for Wiki abuse. Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia.

Blocked as a roll account. Please use your normal account to watch for wikiabuse. Theresa Knott (a tenth stroke) 06:32, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Arbitration
Melissadolbeer has opened a request for arbitration that involves you as a member of "Party 1" (at WP:RFAR). 09:32, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Watcher1


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Synchronous programming language

A synchronous programming language is a computer programming language optimized for programming reactive systems.

Computer systems can be sorted in three main classes:
 * 1) Transformational systems take some inputs, process them, deliver their outputs, and terminate their execution. A typical example is a compiler.
 * 2) Interactive systems interact continuously with their environment, at their own speed. A typical example is the web.
 * 3) Reactive systems interact continuously with their environment, at a speed imposed by the environment. A typical example is the automatic flight control system of modern airplanes. Reactive systems must therefore react to stimuli from the environment within strict time bounds. For this reason they are often also called real-time systems, and are found often in embedded systems.

Synchronous programming, also called synchronous reactive programming (SRP), is a computer programming paradigm supported by synchronous programming languages. The principle of SRP is to make the same abstraction for programming languages as the synchronous abstraction in digital circuits. Synchronous circuits are indeed designed at a high-level of abstraction where the timing characteristics of the electronic transistors are neglected. Each gate of the circuit (or, and, ...) is therefore assumed to compute its result instantaneously, each wire is assumed to transmit its signal instantaneously. A synchronous circuit is clocked and at each tick of its clock, it computes instantaneously its output values and the new values of its memory cells (latches) from its input values and the current values of its memory cells. In other words, the circuit behaves as if the electrons were flowing infinitely fast. The first synchronous programming languages were invented in France in the 1980s: Esterel, Lustre, and SIGNAL. Since then, many other synchronous languages have emerged.

The synchronous abstraction makes reasoning about time in a synchronous program a lot easier, thanks to the notion of logical ticks: a synchronous program reacts to its environment in a sequence of ticks, and computations within a tick are assumed to be instantaneous, i.e., as if the processor executing them were infinitely fast. The statement "a||b" is therefore abstracted as the package "ab" where "a" and "b" are simultaneous. To take a concrete example, the Esterel statement "'every 60 second emit minute" specifies that the signal "minute" is exactly synchronous with the 60-th occurrence of the signal "second". At a more fundamental level, the synchronous abstraction eliminates the non-determinism resulting from the interleaving of concurrent behaviors. This allows deterministic semantics, therefore making synchronous programs amenable to formal analysis, verification and certified code generation, and usable as formal specification formalisms.

In contrast, in the asynchronous model of computation, on a sequential processor, the statement "a||b" can be either implemented as "a;b" or as "b;a". This is known as the interleaving-based non determinism. The drawback with an asynchronous model is that it intrinsically forbids deterministic semantics (e.g., race conditions), which makes formal reasoning such as analysis and verification more complex. Nonetheless, asynchronous formalisms are very useful to model, design and verify distributed systems, because they are intrinsically asynchronous.

Also in contrast are systems with processes that basically interact synchronously. An example would be systems based on the Communicating sequential processes (CSP) model, which allows deterministic (external) and nondeterministic (internal) choice.

Synchronous languages

 * Argos
 * Atom (a domain-specific language in Haskell for hard realtime embedded programming)
 * Averest
 * Blech
 * ChucK (a synchronous reactive programming language for audio)
 * Esterel
 * LabVIEW
 * LEA
 * Lustre
 * PLEXIL
 * SIGNAL (a dataflow-oriented synchronous language enabling multi-clock specifications)
 * SOL
 * SyncCharts

title: Synchronous programming language


text:
User:Watcher1

To watch and report abuse.

title: User:Watcher1


text: User talk:69.19.205.107

title: User talk:69.19.205.107


text:
Northern Red Sea Region

The Northern Red Sea Region (ዞባ ሰሜናዊ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ, Italian: Regione Settentrionale del Mar Rosso), is an administrative region of Eritrea. It lies along the northern three quarters of the Red Sea, and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and the coastal city of Massawa.

As of 2005, the region had a population of 653,300 compared to a population of 576,200 in 2001. The net growth rate was 11.80 per cent. The total area of the province was 27800.00 km2 and the density was 23.50 persons per km2.

Geography
The Northern Red Sea Region borders the Anseba, Maekel (Central) and Debub (Southern) regions to the west, and the Southern Red Sea Region to the east. It has an area of around 27,800 km2. The lowest point in Eritrea, Lake Kulul, is in this region. The topography of the region has coastal plains, which are hotter than the regions around the highland plateau. There are two rainy seasons, the heavier one during summer and the lighter one during spring. The climate and geography of the region along with other regions of Eritrea is similar to the one of Ethiopia. The hottest month is May recording temperatures up to 30 °C, while the coldest month is December to February when it reaches freezing temperature. The region received around 508 mm of rainfall and the soil is salty and not conducive for agriculture.

Demographics
As of 2005, the region had a population of 653,300 compared to a population of 576,200 in 2001. The net growth rate was 11.80 per cent. The total area of the province was 27800.00 km2 and the density was 23.50 persons per km2. As of 2002, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR), defined as the children per woman was 4.5. The General Fertility Rate (GFR), defined as the births per 1,000 women between the ages of 15 and 45 remained at 156.0. The Crude Birth Rate (CBR), the number of births per 1,000 population, was 33.0. The percentage of women pregnant as of 2002 out of the total population was 8.9 per cent. The mean number of children ever born stood at 5.8. The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), defined as the number of deaths of children for every 1,000 born was 77.0 while the Child Mortality Rate (CMR), defined as the number of child deaths for every 1,000 children 5 years of age was 83.0. The under-5 mortality rate stood at 154.0. The number of children with the prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) was 778, fever was 778, and Diarrhea was 778. The number of women with the knowledge of AIDS was 1,148 and the number of people with no knowledge of the disease or its prevention was 0.0 per cent.

Education and economy
As of 2002, the number of males completing or attending highest level of schooling in the region was 1,893 while it was 2,216 females. The percentage of literate males was 48.10 and the percentage of literate females was 28.00. A fraction of 52.70 males had no education, while the corresponding number for females was 69.20. The fraction of males completing secondary school stood at 1.40 and the fraction of males completing more than secondary was 001. The corresponding numbers for females was 1.10 and 000 respectively.

As of 2002, the number of people engaged in Professional/technical/managerial activities was 7.80 per cent, Clerical was 4.80 per cent, Sales and services was 20.70 per cent, Skilled Manual was 12.90 per cent, Unskilled Manual was 2.00 per cent, Domestic Service was 33.40 per cent and Agriculture was 18.40 per cent. The total number of employed men was 1,327 and the total number of employed women was 1,458. The number of men who were paid their total earnings in cash was 67.70 per cent, in kind was 6.10 and in both was 15.90. The number of women who were paid their total earnings in cash was 84.40 per cent, in kind was 4.50 per cent and in both was 1.30 per cent.

Districts
The region also includes the following districts: Afabet District, Dahlak District, Ghelalo District, Foro District, Ghinda District, Karura District, Massawa District, Nakfa District and She'eb District. Eritrea has a one party national Assembly governed by People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ) (originally Eritrean Liberation Front), an authoritarian government. From the time of independence since 30 May 1991, the country has been continuing with a transitional government elected during the elections in April 1993. The scheduled elections in 2001 has been postponed indefinitely. The regional and local elections are conducted on a periodic basis on a restricted framework. All men and women of any ethnic or religious background are eligible to vote. No parties or groups other than PFDJ are allowed to contest and the elections are presided by representatives from PDFJ. Policy decisions should be centered around the party mandate and opposition and dissenters have been imprisoned.

title: Northern Red Sea Region


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Stotfold

Stotfold is a town and civil parish in the Central Bedfordshire district of Bedfordshire, England. The town covers 2207 acre and the River Ivel passes through the town. The population of the parish at the 2021 census was 9,014. The wider built-up area, which the Office for National Statistics defines to additionally include the adjoining Fairfield Park development, had a population of 12,310 at the 2021 census. For the purposes of postal addresses, Stotfold comes under the post town of Hitchin; it was therefore in the postal county of Hertfordshire despite actually being in Bedfordshire.

Stotfold Watermill
Stotfold Watermill stands on the River Ivel and is one of four mills in Stotfold that were recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. It is the only working mill left in Stotfold and is a grade II listed watermill. The Mill was fully restored after being burnt down on 15 December 1992. The Mill opened to the public in May 2006, with the formal opening taking place in October 2006, followed shortly after by a visit from the Duke of Edinburgh on 17 November 2006. It has a 4.4 metre wide overshot corn mill waterwheel which is the widest in the country and is currently open to the public with a tea room on alternate weekends in season (March to October) and on special event weekends. The Mill is a charity run by the Stotfold Mill Preservation Trust. All money raised is used for the continual upkeep and restoration of the Mill and of the local area. Its major fundraiser is the annual Stotfold Mill Steam and Country Fair which takes place in May and attracted around 8,500 visitors raising approximately £20,000 in 2010.

St Mary's Church
The parish church of St Mary the Virgin dates to about 1150 but was probably preceded by a series of wooden Saxon churches on the same site. The church is built of flint with Ashwell clunch stone dressings to the buttresses and is mainly in the Early Perpendicular style. In about 1450 the tower was added and the chancel widened, and it is believed that the baptismal font also dates from this time; it is octagonal and panelled.

In about 1824 much work was done at the church which included plastering the roof of the north aisle and replacing both the mediaeval carvings and the 400-year-old pews, the latter being done by local contractor William Seymour of Arlesey. At the same time the old paintings on the walls were either destroyed or whitewashed over.

Governance
There are two tiers of local government covering Stotfold, at parish (town) and unitary authority level: Stotfold Town Council and Central Bedfordshire Council. The town council is based at the Greenacre Centre, which was built in 2016.

Stotfold was an ancient parish. When elected parish and district councils were created in 1894 it was given a parish council and included in the Biggleswade Rural District. In 1974 the Biggleswade Rural District was replaced by Mid Bedfordshire. At the same time, parish councils were given the right to declare their parishes to be a town, which Stotfold did with effect from 1 April 1974. Mid Bedfordshire and Bedfordshire County Council were both abolished 2009, when Stotfold became part of the unitary authority of Central Bedfordshire. The parish of Stotfold historically included the Fairfield area, which was made a separate parish in 2013.

Sport and leisure
Stotfold has a Non-League football club Stotfold F.C., which plays at New Roker Park.

Famous residents

 * Kevin Gentle (born 1959), former cricketer
 * Nicky Hunt, Commonwealth Games Gold winner/Olympic hopeful (archery)
 * Olympic and world champion track cyclist Victoria Pendleton was brought up in Stotfold. In 2007, the cycle track between Arlesey and Stotfold was renamed in her honour.

title: Stotfold


text:
End of Fashion

End of Fashion are an Australian pop rock band from Perth, Western Australia. The group gained mainstream attention with its 2005 single "O Yeah", which was voted into eighth position of the Hottest 100 poll, compiled by Australian youth radio station Triple J. The group has released three studio albums. In January 2014, the band took a hiatus before reforming for their first show on 22 September 2018 at the Indian Ocean Hotel in Scarborough.

2004: Formation and first EPs
The band was formed as a side project by guitarists Justin Burford and Rodney Aravena, together with drummer Malcolm Clark and bassist Jonathon Dudman. After two years, Burford and Aravena split from The Sleepy Jackson to devote their full attention to a band they named "End of Fashion". After a series of bass players and drummers—including Vanessa Thornton from Jebediah, Mike Hobbs, Hugh Jennings from Autopilot, and Nicholas Jonsson—the band settled on the line-up of Hobbs as drummer and Tom King as bass guitarist. The band name also represented the band's aspirations, as Burford explained:

I want to break down the walls – within that context, that image, we can do anything we want no matter whether it's super cheesy or punk, I want to kill fashion, see the end of it.

In 2003, the band started work on its first recording, the four-track EP, Rough Diamonds, with former Midnight Oil guitarist Jim Moginie as producer. The EP was jointly released through independent label Hello Cleveland! (artwork) and major label EMI.

Triple J added both singles, "Anything Goes" and "Rough Diamonds," to high rotation in the first week of the EP's release, and the band then performed sold-out shows during a five-week national tour in support of Little Birdy and Betchadupa. The EP was released in March 2004 and debuted at number 57 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart and reached number 81 on Triple J's Hottest 100 for 2004. The band signed to EMI/Capitol Australia for overseas licensing options in early 2004, before playing SXSW.

2005–2006: End of Fashion
On 25 August 2005, End of Fashion released their self-titled debut album, which was recorded in Oxford, Mississippi, and was produced by Dennis Herring, who had previously worked with Elvis Costello, Counting Crows and Modest Mouse. The album peaked at number 3 on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified gold in Australia and New Zealand, and was released in the United States in May 2006.

The band's first single, "O Yeah", reached number 21 on the ARIA Singles Chart, number 8 on Triple J's Hottest 100 for 2005, won two ARIA Music Awards and was nominated for the prestigious APRA 'Song of the Year'. The fourth single "The Game" debuted on the ARIA Singles Chart at a career high number 13 in 2006.

Their songs have been on the games Thrillville (which featured "She's Love" and "Lock Up Your Daughters" on the in-game radio), ATV Offroad Fury 4 (which featured "The Game"), and FIFA Street 2 (which featured "O Yeah"). "The Game" was featured as the theme song for the television coverage of the 2007 NRL season on the Nine Network.

2007–2009: Book of Lies
On 15 December 2007, End of Fashion released a new song "Biscit" on the band's official website, Facebook and MySpace pages. End of Fashion released a further two new songs, "Kamikaze" and "Walkaway", on their MySpace page on 27 June 2008. The band's second album, titled Book of Lies, was released in September 2008. The first single released from the album was "Fussy", which reached number 47 in the charts.

In an interview with Time Out Sydney in February 2009, Burford revealed that Simon Fasolo had replaced Tom King as the band's bassist. "He's been a really good friend of ours for years and he's been brought into the fold to take Tom's spot who we encouraged to go pursue his own project. "

The second single released from the album was "Dying for You", a collaboration between Burford and Julian Hamilton of The Presets:

"They got together at the end of 2007 and did some songwriting and "Dying for You" was the last song they had written. It was cool track so we bounced on it and did our thing. There were a couple of other tunes from their writing session, but "Dying for You" was a cut above the rest."

- Rodney Aravena

The third single "Down or Down" was released digitally in March 2009 and received radio coverage. During their 2009 Australian tour in support of Evermore, Burford announced that "Force of Habit" would be the fourth single taken from Book of Lies.

2010–2016: Holiday Trip of a Lifetime and hiatus
End of Fashion's third studio album Holiday Trip of a Lifetime was released on 4 May 2012. The album was independently produced and released, with the band writing the album over the period of one year.

However, the band members parted ways following the album's release, and Burford's focus shifted towards acting and solo music work. In January 2014 Burford identified Triple J as the primary reason for the band's demise, explaining: "'The question becomes, when your entire fan base is tied up in a radio station and that station decides to no longer broadcast your output or even barely acknowledge your existence, where do you go from there?'" Burford's perspective, initially published in a Facebook post, followed criticism of the radio station from other musicians and an article published by the Age newspaper, in which the journalist addressed the issue of whether Triple J has led to the "homogenisation of Australian music". In an interview in 2013, Burford stated that the band hadn't broken up but was in hiatus: "We've never had the chat where we have said 'Let's call it a day'. It's just that everybody has fallen into other rhythms of life."

2016–present: Reunions
The band briefly reunited in 2016 before entering a second hiatus period. The shows saw Burford assemble a new line-up of the group: bassist Adam Jackson, drummer Nathan Sproule, and lead guitarist Julian Dudman. The latter was also part of The Sleepy Jackson alongside Burford, and his brother Jonathon was also a former member of End of Fashion. This same line-up made their return with a pair of hometown shows in July 2019. Later that year, the band issued their self-titled LP on vinyl for the first time ever.

Around this time, Burford confirmed that new music was on the way. This was confirmed in August 2020, when the band released a new single entitled "BreakThru", and their newest single "Ruby Lips" a year later in August 2021.

Side projects
Burford joined the cast of the rock musical Rock of Ages in 2010 following a meeting with producers in New York City. Burford played the lead role of Drew Boley. Rock of Ages ran from 8 April to 4 December 2011 and played in Melbourne and Brisbane. Burford was nominated for a Helpmann Award for Best Male Actor in a Musical at the 2012 Helpmann Awards.

Burford also appeared in several episodes of the music-based game show Spicks and Specks, at the time hosted by Adam Hills for the ABC

In early 2012 Burford and former End of Fashion member Mike Hobbs began work crafting a one-man cabaret show that was to focus on the life and music of legendary Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain. To bring the show to stage, Burford & Hobbs reunited with former bandmates Hugh Jennings and Rodney Aravena and the one time lineup of End of Fashion performed ""KURT"" at the Adelaide Cabaret Festival from 8 to 10 June 2012.

Burford appeared with Perth Symphony Orchestra on 25 September 2013 for Vivaldi by Candlelight at the heritage listed Wesley Church in Western Australia. He later performed with Perth Symphony Orchestra at Symphony by the Lake on 8 March 2014.

In 2014, Aravena formed a blues duo, She Leaves the Mountain, with vocalist Dimity Magnus.

Singles
Notes

APRA Awards
The APRA Awards are presented annually from 1982 by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA), "honouring composers and songwriters".

 * 2006 || "Oh Yeah" (Justin Burford) || Song of the Year|| Nominated
 * 2006 || "Oh Yeah" (Justin Burford) || Song of the Year|| Nominated

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music.

 * rowspan="2"| 2005
 * "O Yeah"
 * Breakthrough Artist – Single
 * Won
 * "Oh Yeah" (director Ben Quinn)
 * Best Video
 * Won
 * Best Video
 * Won

MTV Australia Awards
The MTV Australia Awards were Australia's first awards show to celebrate both local and international acts. They ran from 2005 to 2009.

 * 2006
 * End of Fashion
 * Spankin' New Aussie Artist
 * Nominated
 * Nominated

West Australian Music Industry Awards
The West Australian Music Industry Awards (WAMIs) are annual awards presented to the local contemporary music industry, put on annually by the Western Australian Music Industry Association Inc (WAM). (wins only)
 * 2005
 * End of Fashion
 * Best Rock Act
 * Won
 * 2006
 * "Oh Yeah"
 * Most Popular Music Video
 * Won
 * 2017
 * Nathan Sproule (End of Fashion)
 * Best Drummer/Percussionist
 * Won
 * }
 * Best Drummer/Percussionist
 * Won
 * }
 * }

title: End of Fashion


text:
File:Confessionsoffire.jpg

Summary
Description: The cover of Camron's album Confessions of Fire.

Source: http://i4.photobucket.com/albums/y141/ccproph/wackcovers/camron.jpg

Fair use rationale for Confessions of Fire

 * 1) No free equivalent is available.
 * 2) The cover is intended for wide distribution and its use here does not detract from the album.
 * 3) The cover is low resolution and only the front portion is used.
 * 4) The cover has been previously published by retail outlets.
 * 5) The cover meets general Wikipedia content requirements.
 * 6) The cover meets Wikipedia's image use policy.
 * 7) The cover is used only in the said article.
 * 8) For an article about an album, the cover is one of the most relevant images that can be included.
 * 9) The cover is used in the article namespace.
 * 10) The source and copyright tag is identified for the cover.

Licensing
© Epic Records

title: File:Confessionsoffire.jpg


text: User:Kntrabssi/Desk

title: User:Kntrabssi/Desk


text:
User:Kazmcm

Karen
Well, I'm a little new at this so please bear with me.

About Me
My name is Karen, and I was born on 28 November 1988 at Blacktown Hospital, in Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia. I am currently in Year 11 (July 2005), studying at Colo High School north of Richmond.

 * You can check out my space if you want to know more about me.

title: User:Kazmcm


text:
File:VUAnotherView.jpg

Cover for The Velvet Underground's 1986 outtakes compilation album, Another View.

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ

title: File:VUAnotherView.jpg


text:
Talk:Buenos Aires Province

Moved
Why was Buenos Aires Province moved to Buenos Aires (province)??? I really don't see the point. The spanish name of Provincia de Buenos Aires is correctly translated to Buenos Aires province. Should we move it back? -Mariano 07:48, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

The reason I moved it is because I find it better to have it as "Buenos Aires (province)", because, this way, we can omit the word "province" if needed. That way we would avoid the construction Buenos Aires every time we don't want to mention the word "province" but want to refer to the province instead of the city.
 * What? you still have the province word in the title, and still need to bypass it!!!!!

Another reason why I moved it is becuase there would be more consistency with other names of provinces where the article name doesn't include the word "province".
 * What?? Only Jujuy and Entre Ríos did not have the word Province. The rest, ALL OF THEM had Province, with capital P in it.

And besides that, if you translate the expression "Provincia de Buenos Aires" literally, you would have to capitalize the word "province" in English, so it looks like "Buenos Aires Province" instead of "Buenos Aires province". 2004-12-29T22:45Z 22:24, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Which was how it was? All the provinces have capital P.

I know you didn't mean wrong, but I really think we should move this back to Buenos Aires Province, as well as Chaco Province. -Mariano 11:51, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

The reason I moved it is because you have to type less words when linking. 2004-12-29T22:45Z 15:33, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, come on, man. I don't care why you move it, but don't write nonseses. Buenos Aires (province) has 2 more characters than Buenos Aires Province. And I still think it should be without parethesis. As the names of the provinces have the word province itself, I believe it should be with Province, and without parenthesis. Examples in Wikipedia: Category:Provinces of Chile, Category:Provinces of Italy, Category:Japanese prefectures, and many others. -Mariano 16:30, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

What I mean is, if you type Buenos Aires instead of Buenos Aires (province), then that's two more words, five instead of three. You can use the vertical bar (|) instead of typing "Buenos Aires" twice. That's the reason. It's more economical when you want to type the name of the province without the word "Province".

And if you really don't care why I moved it, as you said in the paragraph above, then I don't understand why you asked why I moved the article at the beginning of this page. If you really don't care why I moved the page, then just don't even bother to ask.

As counter-examples I give you Category:U.S. states and Category:Canadian provinces and territories. For example, the article about Nebraska is not called "State of Nebraska" but just "Nebraska". The article about New Brunswick is not called "Province of New Brunswick", it's called "New Brunswick", and so on.

What I meant above is, if you want to display the words "Buenos Aires" instead of "Buenos Aires Province", and, at the same time, link to the article about the province, not the city, then you have to type more, and it's not just two characters, it's two words. And the problem is not just with the name of the article about the Provincia de Buenos Aires, but with all other analogous names. It means you have to type the word "Province" every single time you want to refer to a province, but not display the word "Province".

And if you think that what I write is nonsense, then don't bother to waste your time by reading it anyway. 2004-12-29T22:45Z 17:59, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I didn't know you could use Buenos Aires (province) and I didn't undestand what you were trying to say. Yet I still believe the name should be as the article starts Buenos Aires Province. It's uniform to (almost all) the existing provinces. About your examples, Canada doesn't use brackets, and the only US state to use them is Georgia (a very common name). See New York (disambiguation), which has no brackets.
 * All in all, I don't think your reasons were enough to change the name and a convention between Argentine provinces without consulting it. -Mariano 09:23, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

There is no convention, since there are three provinces in the Argentinian-province category that don't have the word "Province", including La Pampa, Jujuy and Entre Ríos. More uniformity is needed, because else the titles of the articles are counter-intuitive when someone wants to link to them.

I'll give you an example: There was an editor of the Club Atlético Banfield article (User:Fedemw) who wrote a list of affiliate association-football clubs of the Club Atlético Banfield. Those affiliate clubs are in different provinces, so the editor hyperlinked the names of the provinces to what he thought would be the corresponding article names. But, in reality, he linked various names to the names of the same-name cities instead of the provinces, for example Santiago del Estero, the city, instead of Santiago del Estero, the province, or Buenos Aires, the city, instead of Buenos Aires, the province. That's because the article titles are counter-intuitive.

So I was trying to repair the links but saw that there's no uniformity. That's why I moved the articles about the provinces of Buenos Aires and Chaco.

Now the reason there are not many article titles with parentheses in the examples I stated above (U.S. and Canada) is that there is not much need for disambiguation there. But, in the case of the Argentinian provinces, there are various cities, especially province capitals, that have provinces with the same names. So there should be more uniformity. All the articles about provinces should have the same title format, for example "X Province" or "X (province)".

Another thing I don't like about the format "X Province" is that the word "Provincia" gets translated, while the real names of the provinces in Spanish are like "Provincia de X". So I personally would prefer to see the non-translated versions than the translated ones. For example, I'd rather see the article name "Provincia de Buenos Aires" than "Buenos Aires Province", because the translation to Engish sounds way too artificial and synthetic. But, since we are in the English Wikipedia, then I'd rather see the words "Province" or "Provincia" dropped completely.

So that's why I also think the format "X Province" should be changed to "X (province)", so users don't get forced to display the English translation ("X Province"), but just the Spanish name without the words "Province" or "Provincia" ("X"). So then, if they wanna say "Provincia" or "Province" or "province" after or before the name of the province, they can add it themselves as an option, not an obligation. And, then, the hyperlink would still direct the readers to the article about the corresponding province instead of the article about the namesake city, even if the two have the same name. They would just have to add "(province)" to the link name and they could make that part in the displayed text invisible to the reader if they added a vertical bar after the right parenthesis. So inthe text it would still look like "X" instead of "X (province)". Then, if they wanna say "X Province" or "X province" or "Provincia de X" or "Provincia del X", they can still do it as an option, but they're not forced to do it.

That's another reason why users are allowed to use parentheses at the end of article names, so they don't have to display the part inside the parentheses when they hyperlink to a certain article. 2004-12-29T22:45Z 18:33, 13 July 2005 (UTC).

 * I get your point, and I agree on homogenisation. I'll start a voting in the Argentine Board Talk Page. -Mariano 07:25, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

Largest province
I will remove that statement because the province of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands -even though actually consists of Tierra del Fuego only- is supposed to be much larger.--Cloviz 17:35, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

inside ??
the Buenos Aires city is not inside the province territory. Jor70 13:08, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree, we have to change that.

--Damifb 10:21, 23 December 2006 (UTC)
 * It's done.--Damifb 13:42, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

Come to BA for the hottest temperatures in the world!
According to a sentence in the first paragraph of the Climate section, Buenos Aires Province has average temperatures of "13 °C (55 °F) and 187 °C (369 °F)". I find that just a little hard to believe. It seems that whoever later converted the temperature into the useless fahrenheit (why doesn't Wikipedia insist that Americans learn the Celcius system?) measurements also didn't notice that the temperature seemed a little hot.--217.203.131.146 (talk) 23:26, 16 May 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Buenos Aires Province


text:
Steve Bays

Steve Bays is a Canadian musician, audio engineer, and producer. He is a member of Canadian bands Left Field Messiah, Fur Trade, and Mounties. Bays was also the frontman and one of the founding members of Hot Hot Heat.

Career
Bays has worked with a number of artists, either writing, recording, or producing, including The Zolas, Dear Rouge, We Are The City, The Killers, Diplo/Steve Aoki, Fitz and the Tantrums, Mounties, Born Ruffians, Mother Mother, Gay Nineties and Hawksley Workman.

title: Steve Bays


text:
Frat House

Frat House is a 1998 documentary that explores the darker side of fraternity life and hazing. The film, directed by Todd Phillips and Andrew Gurland, focuses on the pledging process through a composite of different fraternities. It was mostly filmed at the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity house at Muhlenberg College in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Alpha Tau Omega's charter was revoked two years later in 2000, though it has since been reinstated. The documentary also features scenes of the Beta Chi and Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternities on the campus of SUNY Oneonta in Oneonta, New York.

The film premiered at the 1998 Sundance Film Festival to acclaim, winning the Grand Jury Prize for Documentary. HBO Films acquired the distribution rights and planned to air it that year, but after subsequent allegations that some of the film's content was staged for the camera, as well as concerns from fraternity members about their depiction in the film, HBO cancelled the airing. The film never received an official release, though bootleg versions have occasionally circulated online.

Synopsis
In an opening voiceover, co-director Todd Phillips says he was told that a film like this couldn’t be made.

At SUNY Oneonta, Phillips and co-director Andrew Gurland meet a fraternity brother of Beta Chi who goes by the name of Blossom. Blossom tells the cameras that hazing is "like having the power of a god," and that one of his frat's hazing rituals includes biting the head off a rat. The film shows a candlelit initiation ceremony where new pledges are taught the fraternal code. In voiceover, Phillips says the point of this is to make the pledges feel like they already belong and that good times are ahead. However, the formalities are intended to motivate the pledges to endure the imminent process of hazing.

During the pledges' Hell Week, they are forced to wear uniforms, wake up at all hours, engage in strenuous physical activities, and chug beers on demand. In his voiceover, Phillips reveals that some frat members have grown uncomfortable with outsiders filming their exploits. Phillips decides to take a risk and shows up to a skeptical frat house unannounced. When he and his crew arrive, they discover pledges being blindfolded and tricked into believing they'll be branded with a hot iron. Shortly after witnessing this, Phillips and company are kicked out and told they can no longer film at the frat house. Blossom tells Phillips it's best if the film crew leaves town and ceases production. Some frat members then trash the crew's production van, painting the word "Die" on its side. When Phillips calls Blossom for an explanation, Blossom threatens to kill him.

After giving up on filming at Blossom's fraternity, Phillips and Gurland go to Muhlenberg College in Allentown, Pennsylvania and meet with a second fraternity. When they explain to the brothers of Sigma Alpha Mu, also known as "Sammy", that they are filming a documentary on fraternity life, the brothers allow them to film the entirety of their hazing rituals on the condition that they participate in the pledging process. For Phillips, this involves being locked inside a dog crate where he has beer, spit, and cigarette ashes thrown on him. Gurland's experience lands him in a hospital due to stomach pain and he drops out of the proceedings.

Background
Phillips said it was not his or Gurland's intention as filmmakers to make a "sweeping [exposé] about fraternities or [make a case] that they should be outlawed." He said, "The movie is about hazing and rituals and the things men go through to belong. Everybody's so afraid of standing out in this world that they will even get beat up and peed on and thrown up on just to be part of a group, which is pathetic." Phillips said the intention was for viewers to come away with a better understanding of why people would put themselves through the mental and physical anguish of hazing in order to belong.

Said Phillips, "When you actually go through the hazing, you sort of understand why they do it. It really does increase the bonding with your fellow pledges, like going through a war. That's really what they're trying to do. They're not trying to lock people in trunks and kill them. They're trying to form a bond that will outlast college."

Release
Frat House premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 21, 1998 and was awarded the Grand Jury Prize for Documentary. After HBO's acquiring of the film, criticisms of the film surfaced from the fraternity brothers documented, as well as from national fraternity groups concerned about what their members were shown doing on camera. Muhlenberg College criticized the documentary for including scenes that it contends were staged, saying, "This was promoted as a documentary. Clearly, it is fiction. The scenes were staged, and people were paid to act out scenes." Among the allegations was that the humiliated "pledges" in the film were actually Alpha Tau Omega members posing as pledges.

One Muhlenberg student involved in the filming claimed, "[The filmmakers] told us exactly what to do. They’d call and say, ‘We’re coming in, like, two hours; think of some stuff we could do.' When it came out as a documentary, I was shocked because [our segment] was all staged. They would retake scenes and everything." HBO planned to air the documentary in August of 1998, but the film was pulled from its schedule. That December, HBO announced they would not air the film, citing claims from Alpha Tau Omega of the documentary's alleged fabrication.

Phillips denied that scenes were redone multiple times, explaining, "What people don't understand about good documentary filmmaking is, it's screenwriting. You write the movie before you show up. And you manipulate everybody in the room to say exactly what you want them to say. That, I'm guilty of. That is how I make documentaries. Because you know what? Fly on the wall filmmaking has gone out the window, because people are too aware of the power of the camera. To me, documentaries are now about manipulation. It's sad but true. You go in knowing exactly what you want and you come out with exactly what you want. That's just manipulation, and that I'm guilty of."

Phillips added "the parents complained that a lot of the boys were drunk or stoned in the film and got worried about how that would affect their futures -- and argued that they hadn't known what they were doing when they signed releases. Then there were allegations that we'd paid people to participate in the film which was not true, though it's done all the time, and if we had, I would proudly admit it. And they said it was staged, which it was not." Phillips later admitted that some of the participants were inebriated when they signed their release forms.

With the exception of a screening at the Alamo Drafthouse in September 2000, the film was never given an official release, though versions have occasionally circulated online.

Aftermath
When asked in 2000 if there was any fallout with his documentary subjects, Phillips said:"Sometimes I bump into one of the brothers here on the streets of New York -- some of them are now working on Wall Street. I think if I ran into them in a group and they were drunk, I might have a problem, but when I bump into one of them on the street, they'll say something like, 'Bones, dude, Blossom's looking for you, man, he wants to kill you.' [laughs] I also hear that the film circulates through frat houses at colleges all over the country, and people tell me that this college or that one makes the pledges watch the film and recite lines from it while they're hazing them. [laughs] I'm not saying that's a good thing at all, but apparently they don't see the damage in it. That's just part of life's great art."Beta Chi, which at the time of filming was an unrecognized fraternity in Oneonta, was kicked off the Oneonta campus after reports of severe hazing emerged. In January 2018, the fraternity became recognized by SUNY Oneonta. Tau Kappa Epsilon was later recognized by the university in 2007 but subsequently had that recognition revoked.

Critical reception
Writing for Collider in 2023, Jonathan Norcross said that while the documentary's veracity and the level of the filmmakers' complicity remains unclear, its exploration of fraternity culture and the need to belong is disturbingly "thought-provoking". He added "there is something appealing about not knowing", and when documentaries engage in "[flirting] with fiction". Norcross concluded, "It’s easy to see in Frat House the darker, more cynical origins of Phillips' later work in the Hangover sequels and most especially, Joker. Old School might be a great comedy but it avoids all the deeper questions asked by Frat House. The combination of humor and horror in Frat House speaks to the entirety of Phillips’ body of work. Without Frat House, the director’s oscillation between comedy and dark drama seems surprising. But with Frat House taken into consideration, Phillips’ perspective becomes much clearer."

title: Frat House


text:
Talk:Chain drive

Possible image
I found this image on Commmons, which looks like a good illustration of a chain drive, but I can't translate the caption to be sure that it isn't something subtly different. -- Solipsist 07:49, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Mechanical Power Transmission
I suspect chain vs belt vs driveshaft vs pneumatic vs hydraulic transmission of mechanical force should be an article of its own. Til then, I've added some belt and driveshaft stuff here. We could also use some pics of non-vehicle applications. -- Akb4 19:10, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

History section
When you, User:Gun Powder Ma, wrote this:

"However, Soedel and Foley disagree by pointing out that 'no earlier instance of such a cam is known, and none as complex is known until the 16th century. It is here that the flat-link chain, often attributed to Leonardo da Vinci, actually made its first appearance.'"

As a rebuttal to this:

"However, Needham points out that this device did not transmit power continuously since the chains 'did not transmit power from shaft to shaft, and hence they were not in the direct line of ancestry of the chain-drive proper.'"

How does that even make sense? How is that a rebuttal? Needham states that the chain drive of Philon did not endlessly and continuously transmit power from shaft to shaft, like Su Song's chain drive. So how is Soedel and Foley's statement above a coherent rebuttal to this specific point? Your use of "however" and "disagree" simply doesn't make sense in this context.-- Pericles of Athens  Talk 16:28, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Is it a rebuttal to Needham's "ancestor" comment. Needham isn't saying that Philon's device didn't incorporate a flat-link chain, he is saying that Philon's flat-link chain did not transmit power continuously. I think you're confusing the two.-- Pericles of Athens  Talk 16:31, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I believe when Needham says "chain-drive proper" he is referring to a chain drive that acts continuously and endlessly (without having to manually work sinews like in Philon's repeating crossbow), which is what Su Song's chain drive was capable of doing since it was powered by hydraulics.-- Pericles of Athens  Talk 16:31, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

Drive link in FWD transmissions?
Most front-wheel-drive automobiles with transverse engines use a heavy-duty chain called a drive link to drive the transmission from the clutch or torque converter, which is mounted to the flywheel. This should probably be discussed in this article. weetbixkid (talk) 20:14, 30 August 2009 (UTC)
 * It's simply untrue to claim that "most" transverse FWD transmissions use a chain. "Rare" at most. Andy Dingley (talk) 22:11, 30 August 2009 (UTC)

Proposed revision of opening paragraph
Chain drive is an actuator that can transmit mechanical power from one place to another. It is often used to convey power to the wheels of a vehicle, particularly bicycles and motorcycles. It is also used in a wide variety of machines besides vehicles, including as a linear actuator in material handling equipment.

 * See belt drive article discussion page regarding question of chain drive as an actuator. Please voice any objections to the proposed revision. —Catsquisher (talk) 17:54, 10 August 2010 (UTC)

 * That's a badly misleading lead for chain drives, or belt drives. They're power transmission devices, not actuators. If a handful of actuators have been produced that make use of these mechanisms, that's worthy of mention, maybe even worthy of categorization, but no way does it belong in the lead, and especially not in the first sentence before the use for power transmission. Power transmission alone, in the classic use for chain & belt drives, is no actuator. Andy Dingley (talk) 00:41, 11 August 2010 (UTC)

Unclear explanation of Vibration
I didn't understand the following:

"If the chain moves at constant speed, then the shafts must accelerate and decelerate constantly. If a drive sprocket rotates at constant RPM, then the chain (and probably the driven sprocket) must accelerate and decelerate constantly."

Oh, ok, now I get it, but I don't think it is very clear.

I might say that what is being said is true at a finer level of detail--at a high level, when the speed of the chain is (almost) constant (in fpm or similar), the speed of the sprockets are also (almost) constant (in rpm or similar). It is only when you look at the chain in finer detail that you see things like the radius of the bend of the chain around the sprocket and the bending of the links makes (relatively) tiny fluctuations in the speed.

The average speed of the chain and sprockets would seem constant. There are tiny fluctuations in the speed of individual parts of the links of the chains (one explanation might be because the links are not infinitely small), and those tiny fluctuations cause tiny fluctuations in the speed of the sprockets, all of which (those tiny fluctuations) cause (or are) vibrations.

I wish there was a way to make that more clear (without too many words). --Rhkramer (talk) 17:40, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chain drive


text:
Talk:RuneScape dungeons

Merger
Frankly, I think that this article should either be deleted or merged into RuneScape locations. We are creating way too many articles for this stuff. -- Ricky81682 (talk) 07:49, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed, it appears as if the content that wasn't written poorly and isnt riddled with spelling mistakes was stolen from fansites. I dont think its needed at all. Curran919 22:39, 11 August 2005 (UTC)
 * This article should be merged with Runescape Locations--there isn't much about the individual dungeons. Perhaps each dungeon could be written about in its respective section--Brimhaven dungeon under 'Brimhaven', etc.
 * Should be merged, if you want better information, check up a fansite such as runehq.com or tip.it, it can stay, could be deleted, I don't really care

AfD results
This article was nominated for deletion; the result was no consensus to delete. For details, please see Articles for deletion/RuneScape skills. bd2412 T 20:10, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:RuneScape dungeons


text: User talk:71.103.183.197

title: User talk:71.103.183.197


text:
NCAA beach volleyball championships (Philippines)

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines) beach volleyball tournament is held in March, the beginning of the dry season in the Philippines.


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Arlesey

Arlesey is a town and civil parish in the Central Bedfordshire district of Bedfordshire, England. It is near the border with Hertfordshire, about three miles north-west of Letchworth Garden City, four miles north of Hitchin and six miles south of Biggleswade. Arlesey railway station provides services to London, Stevenage and Peterborough. The Domesday Book of 1086 mentions Arlesey. The town's name means the 'island of a man named Aelfric'.

History
The area has a long history of habitation, with evidence of an Iron Age settlement having been found to the east of Arlesey around Chase Farm and Etonbury School.

To the north of Arlesey (north of the modern railway station) was a medieval manorial complex known as Etonbury. The site's origins and history are unclear and continue to be debated by archaeologists; interpretation is made particularly difficult due to the earthworks having been damaged during the construction of the railway. The complex possibly originated as an inland harbour on the River Hiz near its confluence with the River Ivel, and seems to have been fortified with various ditches and possibly moats. It appears to have been used as a Danish camp from the time of the Viking invasions from the 9th century onwards, but they may have re-fortified a pre-existing site. By the time of the Domesday Book in 1086, Etonbury had become a manor. The manor house there was subsequently abandoned, being described as "utterly decayed" in 1566.

The Great Northern Railway built its main line from London to York through Arlesey. The line opened in 1850 with a station at the northern end of the village called "Arlesey and Shefford Road", renamed "Arlesey and Henlow" in 1933. It closed in 1959. A new Arlesey railway station was later built on the site, opening in 1988.

The Three Counties Asylum opened immediately east of Arlesey in 1860. It was just over the boundary into the neighbouring parish of Stotfold, but was often described as being at Arlesey; the gates to its main West Drive entrance were in Arlesey, and from 1866 it was served by Three Counties railway station which was at the southern end of Arlesey. A tramway linked the station to the asylum. The asylum was later renamed Fairfield Hospital. It closed in 1999 and the buildings have been converted to housing and a new community called Fairfield built in the former grounds.

Industry
Arlesey had a thriving brick-making industry through to the mid twentieth century. As of 1900 there were five brickworks around Arlesey. They were known for the "Arlesey White" bricks produced from Gault clay. Bricks have not been produced there since 1992. Some clay pits have been used for landfill and others are now lakes. On the south-east side of the town there were two chalk pits operated by the Portland Cement Company, now filled with water and known respectively as the Blue Lagoon, used for sailing, and the Green Lagoon, used for fishing.

Second World War
During the Second World War there were two plane crashes at Arlesey. On 19 December 1943 a Handley Page Halifax belonging to 138 Squadron was in a collision with a chimney at Arlesey Brickworks. The aircraft BB364 (NF-R) had left its base at RAF Tempsford on a training mission. The crew of nine perished in the crash.

On 28 March 1944 a Lockheed Hudson belonging to 161 Squadron RAF crashed on the Arlesey to Stotfold road killing the crew. The aircraft FK767 had left its base at RAF Tempsford on a training flight.

Governance
There are two tiers of local government covering Arlesey, at parish (town) and unitary authority level: Arlesey Town Council and Central Bedfordshire Council, based in Chicksands. The town council has its offices on High Street in a complex which also includes a community centre, library and Gothic Mede School.

Demography
The population of Arlesey was 5,584 in 2,344 households in the 2011 census. In the census of 2011, 94.0% of people described themselves as white, 2.2% as having mixed or multiple ethnic groups, 2.9% as being Asian or British Asian, and less than 1.0% as having another ethnicity. In the same census, 55.8% described themselves as Christian, 34.6% described themselves as having no religion, 6.8% did not specify a religion, 1.2% described themselves as Sikh, and 1.7% described themselves as having a different religion.

Culture and community
Arlesey Old Moat and Glebe Meadows, adjacent to Arlesey railway station, is a nature reserve managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire, together with Arlesey Conservation for Nature.

The Arlesey Bomb fishing weight was developed by angler Dick Walker to catch specimen perch from the local chalk pits.

Religious sites
St Peter's Church in Church End was built in the 12th century by the monks of Waltham Abbey. Its tower is a Victorian replacement after the original tower collapsed.

There is also a Methodist church in Arlesey.

Notable residents

 * Bill Kitchener - former professional footballer - West Ham United F.C., Torquay United F.C.
 * Pat Kruse - former professional footballer - Leicester City F.C., Torquay United F.C., Brentford F.C.
 * Scott Houghton - former professional footballer - Tottenham Hotspur, Luton Town, Walsall F.C., Peterborough United
 * Stanley Brown (1907–1978) - Cricketer who was active in the late 1930s.

Sport
The town's football team is Arlesey Town, who play at Hitchin Road. The town also has a basketball team called North Herts Knights.

title: Arlesey


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Lager Borkum

Lager Borkum was a labour camp on Alderney, in the Channel Islands, named after the East Frisian Island of Borkum.

The Germans built four camps, two of which became concentration camps on the island, subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp (located in Hamburg, Germany). Each camp was named after one of the Frisian Islands: Lager Norderney located at Saye, Lager Borkum at Platte Saline, Lager Sylt near the old telegraph tower at La Foulère and Lager Helgoland, situated in the northwest corner of the island. Over 700 workers died in the Alderney camps (out of a total inmate population of about 6,000) and in ships moving them to and from the Island.

Camp
Little remains of Lager Borkum now. The gateposts still stand, but now form the entry to the island's tip - the impot.

It was built by the Organisation Todt (OT) in January 1942 by and for their forced labourers. It was used by the OT, a forced labour programme, to build fortifications including bunkers, gun emplacements, air-raid shelters, and other concrete structures.

The Borkum and Helgoland camps were "volunteer" (Hilfswillige) labour camps and the labourers in those camps were paid but treated harshly – though better than the inmates at the Sylt and Norderney camps.

Lager Borkum was located near the centre of Alderney and was the smallest of the four camps. The Borkum and Helgoland camps were "volunteer" (Hilfswillige) labour camps. The prisoners in Lager Sylt and Lager Norderney were slave labourers forced to build the many military fortifications and installations throughout Alderney. Sylt camp held Jewish enforced labourers. Norderney camp housed European (usually Eastern but including Spaniard) and Russian enforced labourers.

Lager Borkum was used for paid German technicians and volunteers from different countries of Europe. Lager Helgoland was filled with Russian OT volunteer workers.

title: Lager Borkum