text:
Loyd Carrier

The Loyd Carrier was one of a number of small tracked vehicles used by the British and Commonwealth forces in the Second World War to transport equipment and men about the battlefield. Alongside the Bren, Scout and Machine Gun Carriers, they also moved infantry support weapons.

Design and development
The Loyd Carrier was built upon the mechanicals (engine, gearbox and transmission) of a 15 cwt 4x2 Fordson 7V truck with mild steel bodywork to which armour plate - 'BP Plate' (from "Bullet Proof") - was bolted (to the front and upper sides) depending on application. The engine was at the rear of the Carrier with the radiator behind rather than in front. The transmission then took the drive forward to the axle at the very front where it drove the tracks. Both the front drive sprockets and idlers (which were also sprocketed) at the rear of the tracks were fitted with brakes, actuated by a pair of levers by the driver. To turn the vehicle to the left, the brakes were applied on that side and the Carrier would slew round the stopped track.

The upper hull covered the front and sides but was open to the rear and above; as the Carrier was not expected to function as a fighting vehicle, this was not an issue. To protect the occupants from the weather, a canvas tilt could be put up; this was standard fitment from the factory.

As part of the rapid development program, the Loyd used parts from other vehicles: From the Universal Carrier, the track, drive sprockets, and Horstmann suspension units; from the Fordson 7V, the chassis, engine, gearbox, torque tube and front axle. The brake drums and back plates were designed specifically for the Loyd.

The Army tested the Loyd Carrier in 1939 and placed an initial order for 200 as the Carrier, Tracked, Personnel Carrying i.e. a personnel carrier. Initial deliveries were from Vivian Loyd's own company, but production moved to the larger firms, including the Ford Motor Company and Wolseley Motors (13,000 between them) and Dennis Brothers Ltd, Aveling & Barford and Sentinel Waggon Works. Total production of the Loyd Carrier was approximately 26,000.

Second World War
Early in the war, the TT along with the TPC variants were part of the standard equipment of Royal Engineer Chemical Warfare Companies. Most of the Chemical Warfare Companies were disbanded or repurposed in 1943 in order to free up their 4.2 inch mortars for desperately needed conventional use by infantry divisions in-theatre; the mortars and supporting equipment were attached to each division's machine-gun battalion in company strength.

By far the most notable use of the Loyd was in the TT (Tracked Towing) configuration, where it pulled the 6 pounder anti-tank gun from the Normandy landings of 1944 through to the end of the war. There are many wartime photographs of Loyds in action in Normandy, and a number were photographed destroyed in the well-known battle of Villers-Bocage in 1944.

The Loyd Carrier was also paired with Caterpillar D8 tractors in service with Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers for tank recovery - the Carrier carrying spare equipment for the tractor.

Post-war
Both Belgium and the Netherlands bought Loyd TTs from the British Army; they were still in Belgian Army ownership up to at least 1963 as engine rebuild plates have been seen with this date in original Belgian vehicles.

A Belgian variant was the CATI 90 (Canon antitank d'infanterie automoteur 90mm), a self-propelled gun in use from 1954 to 1962. The vehicle served in infantry units with a paired ammunition carrier.

Some vehicles were sold on into private ownership for farming use (a 1941 No1Mk1 TPC with a ploughing conversion still exists in Nottinghamshire, UK) and a number were placed as targets on Belgian ranges.

Variants
Loyd carriers were available in three "numbers", which were available in two "marks"; all manufactured during wartime, and varied in the type/sourcing of the Ford V8 sidevalve engine they were powered by:
 * No. 1 - British Ford V8 engine (21 stud) and gearbox
 * No. 2 - US Ford V8 engine (24 stud) and gearbox
 * No. 3 - Ford Canada V8 engine (24 stud) and gearbox

The two marks were:
 * Mark I - Bendix brake system
 * Mark II - Girling brake system

Roles
There were not many differences between variants, mainly seating and armour plate location:

 * Tracked Personnel Carrier (TPC)
 * Equipped with a front bench seat and seating for troops on the track guards. Frontal and full side armour fitted.

 * Tracked Towing (TT) - Initially known as 'Tractor Anti-tank, MkI'
 * Equipped with four single seats and ammunition stowage on the track guards. Used for towing 4.2 inch mortars, or 2 pounder or 6 pounder anti-tank guns and carrying their crews. Frontal and front quarter armour fitted. The main variant by number manufactured.

 * Tracked Cable Layer Mechanical (TCLM)
 * A vehicle for Royal Corps of Signals work. No armour fitted.

 * Tracked Starting and Charging (TS&C)
 * Equipped with a front bench seat, 30 volt and 12 volt DC generators driven from the gearbox layshaft and battery sets to support armoured regiment tanks. No armour fitted.

title: Loyd Carrier


text:
Commodore Ballroom

Commodore Ballroom is a music venue, dance floor and nightclub located on 800 block of Granville Street in Vancouver, British Columbia. It is regarded as Canada's most influential nightclub, and one of North America's best live music venues. The building was built in the Art Deco style of the late 1920s by George Conrad Reifel and designed by architect H.H. Gillingham. Best known for showcasing special performances, the venue is also known for its sprung dance floor, whose horsehair lining absorbs, rather than reflecting back, some of the impact of dancers' feet. At the time it was installed, only a few venues in the world had similar floors.

The general-admission ballroom accommodates approximately 990 guests (including standing room and table seating).

The building's street level was built for retail outlets, some of them in their time also notable. Downstairs, below street level, is the Commodore Lanes, a vintage bowling alley and poolroom.

Commodore was named one of "North America's Top 10 Most Influential Clubs" by Billboard Magazine. It is both the only Canadian venue and the oldest venue on the list. Conde Nast Traveler has also titled it one of North America's finest live music venues.

History
The building opened in December 1929 as the Commodore Cabaret. With the onset of the Great Depression, the venue briefly closed four months later. It reopened in November 1930, and has since operated under several different owners.

From 1936 to 1939, shows by bandleader Charlie Pawlett (d. 1981), originally of Nanaimo and a trumpet and violin player, were broadcast on CJOR radio.

Sammy Davis Jr. played The Commodore in 1948, and was interviewed there by CKMO radio host Wilf Ray. Other notable acts in following decades included Duke Ellington and Tommy Dorsey.

In 1969, management of The Commodore was taken over by Drew Burns, launching an era which saw the ballroom transformed into a major rock'n'roll venue.

The Commodore closed in 1996, but after $3.5 million in renovations, including a new hardwood dance floor, it reopened under the House of Blues banner on November 12, 1999. House of Blues hosted a 75th Anniversary celebration season from December 2003, 2004 to December 4, 2005, though began celebrations early on October 16, 2004 with a performance by Tom Waits.

Over the years the venue has hosted notable Grammy Award or Juno Award winning performers such as The Tragically Hip, James Brown, U2, Coldplay, Radiohead, Sting, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Weezer, The Police, Pearl Jam, KISS, Tina Turner, The Beastie Boys, Nirvana, Kid Rock, Moist, Oasis, Dr. Dre, Katy Perry, Lady Gaga, Johnny Winter and Metric.

For many years, the venue was also noted for an annual St. Patrick's Day concert by the influential local Celtic rock band Spirit of the West. When the band announced its retirement due to lead singer John Mann's declining health, the venue also hosted the band's final concerts in April 2016.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Commodore Ballroom


text:
Talk:State Bank of Travancore

Image copyright problem with Image:SBI-logo.svg
The image Image:SBI-logo.svg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
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The following images also have this problem:

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This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --22:50, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Reference used
The reference used to support the take over of other banks, is a pdf document published by SBT. It says that the document is Private and confidential, and not meant for circulation. I suspect, we cannot use it here. -- Rajith Mohan (Talk to me..) 09:18, 5 March 2009 (UTC)

SBT merged with SBI bank
State Bank of Travancore is merged with State Bank of India and now it is SBI. There is no updates about it. Can we either redirect it to SBI and delete this page or update merging in same page? Arajc (talk) 13:34, 13 October 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:State Bank of Travancore


text: Template:Internet-stub

title: Template:Internet-stub


text:
World Scrabble Championship 1997

The World Scrabble Championship 1997 was the fourth World Scrabble Championship. The winner was Joel Sherman of the United States.

Format
The World Scrabble Championship 1997 was held in the Stouffer Renaissance Mayflower Hotel, Washington, D.C., and was the second to be held in the United States. Eighty players played a Swiss tournament of twenty-one games each, with each player playing seven games on each of the first three days. The two top players from this tournament then played a best-of-five game final to decide who would be World Scrabble Champion 1997.

Prize money was provided by the Milton Bradley Company, owned by the tournament's sponsor Hasbro, to a total value of $50,100. The winner received $25,000, the runner-up $10,000 and the remainder of the top twenty players received prizes down to $150.

This was the first World Championship to have featured a live web site, a copy of which is now archived at the main WSC web site.

Results
After the initial Swiss tournament, the top two players were Joel Sherman (16 wins, winning spread +829) and Matt Graham (15 wins, winning spread +993). Notably, all the top four players were representing the United States. This was particularly surprising since the WSC uses the SOWPODS wordlist, which includes many words not present in the traditional American wordlist, TWL 98.

Graham took the first game of the finals 409-334 but lost a 387-363 squeaker in the second after missing BOWNED.

In game three, Graham made another error when he played HERB instead of BERTH and Sherman took another close game, 419-405.

In game four, Sherman got off to a big lead and began shutting down the board. Graham took a chance on FLEXERS for 101 points, but Sherman successfully challenged it off. Graham drew a rack full of consonants. Sherman won the game and was crowned World Scrabble Champion, after losing in the final two years earlier.

Complete results

 * FINALS:
 * Game 1: Graham 409 – Sherman 334
 * Game 2: Sherman 387 – Graham 363
 * Game 3: Sherman 419 – Graham 405
 * Game 4: Sherman 410 – Graham 324

title: World Scrabble Championship 1997


text:
Międzybórz (disambiguation)

Międzybórz may refer to the following places in Poland:

 * Międzybórz, also known as Międzybórz Sycowski, town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
 * Międzybórz, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
 * Międzybórz, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
 * Międzybórz, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)

title: Międzybórz (disambiguation)


text: Category:Egyptian literature

title: Category:Egyptian literature


text:
Wikipedia:Collaboration of the week/Face

Face

 * Nominated on 16:34, July 13, 2005 (UTC); needs 5 votes by July 20, 2005.

Less than a stub, since most of the text at time of nomination is from the 1911 Britannica. This could be a good overview article covering facial anatomy, facial expressions of a large range of emotions, different faces in humans and other animals as well as evolution of faces, particularly in primates, face recognition, face perception, standards of facial beauty and faces in art, even how ethnic differences in faces are a basis of racism. (Perhaps a separate article human face might make sense.) The potential for illustration is obviously gigantic -- beyond its text, the article could grow into a grand gallery of faces, human or otherwise.

Support:
 * 1) Eloquence* 16:34, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) ZeWrestler 16:38, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 3) Wackymacs 20:09, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 20:44, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

Comments:
 * This article is in series need of help. --ZeWrestler 16:38, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I have added two anatomy diagrams to the article, and a few other sections including Health, Face Disease and Facial Surgery. I have also slightly improved the wording of the leading section of the article. I think this deserves to be a featured article, but first this article needs a lot of contributions - especially on the anatomy section which needs serious work. - Wackymacs 20:09, 13 July 2005 (UTC)


text: User talk:70.110.237.250

title: User talk:70.110.237.250


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bernhauser

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Postdlf 07:14, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Bernhauser
Non-notable, unrecorded school band du jour. Name alone gets plenty of hits because it is a surname. Bernhauser flores gets no relevant hits other than the band's website. Nothing at allmusic, and the band's article and website don't establish notability. Also, based on their website name matching the contrib's username, self-promotion. Niteowlneils 16:36, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable. Phoenix2 16:55, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Niteowlneils. Dcarrano 18:12, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable band. Fails WP:MUSIC guidelines. JamesBurns 08:23, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Brocade Communications Systems

Brocade was an American technology company specializing in storage networking products, now a subsidiary of Broadcom Inc. The company is known for its Fibre Channel storage networking products and technology. Prior to the acquisition, the company expanded into adjacent markets including a wide range of IP/Ethernet hardware and software products. Offerings included routers and network switches for data center, campus and carrier environments, IP storage network fabrics; Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and software-defined networking (SDN) markets such as a commercial edition of the OpenDaylight Project controller; and network management software that spans physical and virtual devices.

On November 2, 2016, Singapore-based chip maker Broadcom Limited announced it was buying Brocade for about $5.5 billion. As part of the acquisition, Broadcom divested all of the IP networking hardware and software-defined networking assets. Broadcom has since re-domesticated to the United States and is now known as Broadcom Inc.

History
Brocade was founded in August 1995, by Seth Neiman (a venture capitalist, a former executive from Sun Microsystems and a professional auto racer), Kumar Malavalli (a co-author of the Fibre Channel specification) and Paul R. Bonderson (a former executive from Intel Corporation and Sun). Neiman became the first CEO of the company. Brocade was incorporated on May 14, 1998, in Delaware.

The company's first product, SilkWorm, which was a Fibre Channel switch, was released in early 1997.

On May 25, 1999, the company went public at a split-adjusted price of $4.75. On initial public offering (IPO), the company offered 3,250,000 shares, with an additional 487,500 shares offered to the underwriters to cover over-allotments. The top three underwriters (based on number of shares) for Brocade's IPO were, in order, Morgan Stanley Dean Witter, BT Alex.Brown, and Dain Rauscher Wessels. Brocade stock is traded in the National Market System of the NASDAQ GS stock market under the ticker symbol BRCD. The second generation of switches was announced in 1999.

On January 14, 2013, Brocade named Lloyd Carney as new chief executive. On November 2, 2016, Singapore-based chip maker Broadcom Limited announced they were buying Brocade for $5.5 billion. As part of the announcement, Broadcom said they would sell Brocade's networking business to avoid competing with its top customers such as Cisco Systems.

On August 8, 2017, Brocade announced that its SDN technology had been spun off as a new company called Lumina Networks. This follows the sales of other divisions designed to allow the Broadcom acquisition to proceed, including Ruckus Wireless, Connectem, Virtual ADC, Vyatta & , and Brocade's data center networking business.

Broadcom announced the acquisition of Brocade in Nov 2016, and it completed the acquisition in Nov 2017 for $5.5 billion.

Products
Brocade focuses on Fibre Channel and FICON storage area network (SAN) directors and switches; SAN extension switches (FCIP), embedded switches for blade servers, optical transceivers and SAN management software.

Prior to the acquisition by Broadcom, Brocade also provided ultra-low-latency data center switches; Ethernet fabrics, Federal and enterprise Ethernet (LAN/WLAN) switches; WAN (Internet) routers; application delivery controllers (load balancers); embedded Ethernet switch blades; Fibre Channel host bus adapters (HBAs); converged Fibre Channel/Ethernet network adapters (CNAs), and Ethernet transceivers. Other hardware from Brocade supports common protocols including iSCSI, Gigabit Ethernet, FCoE, DCB/CEE, and Layer 4-7 networking protocols.

Brocade also previously sold software-based networking devices including technology for SDN, Network virtualization, virtual routers, virtual firewalls, virtual Application Delivery Controllers (load balancers), network security appliances and VPNs through its wholly owned subsidiary, Vyatta.

Fibre Channel
Brocade's first Fibre Channel switch SilkWorm 1000 (SW1000) (released in 1997) was based on the "Stitch" ASIC and their own VxWorks-based firmware (Fabric OS or FOS). SilkWorm eventually came to be a long-lived marketing designation for an entire line of products, with the first product being retro-named the SilkWorm 1000 (SW1000) to distinguish it from subsequent platforms. Bruce Bergman was the CEO during most of this period. Product names were generally puns on various kinds of woven fabric, since a switched Fibre Channel network is also called a "fabric".

In 1998, Gregory Reyes joined the company as CEO. In 2001, Brocade released the SilkWorm 6400, which was designated a "director" similarly to IBM ESCON directors already well-established in the mainframe computer market. The term "director" became universally used for more expensive FC switches.

From 2001 to 2003, Brocade released switches based on its third generation ASIC, "BLOOM" (Big LOOM). BLOOM introduced increased throughput of 2 Gbit/s instead of 1 Gbit/s. Brocade integrated BLOOM into its first "pure" director, the SilkWorm 12000, in April 2002. The director offered up to 128 ports in two 64-port pseudo-switches (domains). The 12000 represented several internal architecture and technical changes besides the new ASIC: it had an upgraded control processor architecture (Intel i960 moved to PowerPC 405GP), changed the embedded operating system (FOS v4.0 migrated from Wind River Systems VxWorks to MontaVista Linux), and introduced the backplane architecture (hierarchical PCI buses with replaceable blades attached to a backplane). The Bloom ASIC also introduced a notable capability of frame-level Fibre Channel trunking, which provided high throughput with load balancing across multiple cables. It needed to be implemented in the ASIC hardware to ensure in-order delivery of frames. Also, hot firmware upgrade was introduced with FOS v4.1 in October 2003.

At the time, Brocade's main rival, McDATA, held over 90% market share in director segment, owing to a strong position first in the ESCON market, and then in the FICON market. The SilkWorm 12000 director gained over one-third of the market share after its release in 2002. Brocade added mainframe customers with FICON and FICON CUP support on the SilkWorm 12000.

In 2004, the BLOOM II improved on the previous ASIC design by reducing its power consumption and die size, while maintaining 2 Gbit/s technology. It powered Brocade's second-generation director, the SilkWorm 24000. Still a 128-port design, it was the first one which could operate as a single 128-port switch (a single domain). The new director also used approximately two thirds less power than its predecessor. Brocade also introduced its first multiprotocol Fibre Channel router, the SilkWorm 7420. Brocade also acquired Rhapsody Networks (a SAN virtualization startup company). This was also the time frame in which Brocade first entered into the embedded switch market, delivering multiple switches physically integrated into other vendors' hardware, such as storage controllers and blade server chassis.

In January 2008 Brocade launched the 384-port 8 Gbit/s DCX Backbone.

In May 2008, Brocade unveiled 3 new 8 Gbit/s switches: 24-port 300 switch, 40-port 5100 switch and the 80-port 5300 switch.

In January 2009, Brocade launched the 192-port 8 Gbit/s DCX-4S Backbone.

In late 2010 Brocade introduced Virtual Cluster Switching (VCS) on the VDX ultra-low-latency data center switch product line. These are DCB/CEE- and TRILL-based switches, eliminating the need for Spanning Tree Protocol, and supporting multi-hop Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) and self-trunking.

In May 2011, Brocade launched the industry's first "Gen 5 Fibre Channel" (16 Gbit/s) SAN platform family including the Brocade DCX 8510 Backbone, 6510 switch and 1860 Fabric Adapter. The Brocade DCX 8510 is available in 8-slot or 4-slot chassis models supporting up to 384 16 Gbit/s ports at line-rate speeds and 8.2 terabits per second (Tbit/s) of chassis bandwidth. It includes optical UltraScale inter-chassis links (ICLs) which simplify scale-out design for multi-chassis architectures. The Brocade 6510 switch is a 48-port 16 Gbit/s switch designed for virtualized applications and high-performance storage including SSD arrays. Brocade also introduced the 1860 Fabric Adapter, the industry's first adapter which includes AnyIO 16 Gbit/s FC HBA, 10GbE CNA, and 10GbE NIC functionality on the same card.

In April 2012, Brocade launched the Gen 5 (16 Gbit/s) 6505 switch (24-port) entry-level switch.

In March 2013, Brocade launched the Gen 5 (16 Gbit/s) 6520 96-port Fibre Channel high-density switch and announced Brocade Fabric Vision technology. Brocade Fabric Vision technology introduces advanced diagnostics, monitoring, and management capabilities through a combination of ASIC, FOS, and Brocade Network Advisor. New features include Brocade Monitoring and Alerting Policy Suite (MAPS) for fabric-wide threshold configuration and monitoring and Brocade Flow Vision for data flow monitoring and analysis.

In October 2014, Brocade launched the Gen 5 (16 Gbit/s) 7840 extension switch and the FC16-64 64-port blade for the DCX 8510.

In March 2016, Brocade launched the G620 switch, their first Gen 6 (32 Gbit/s) Fibre Channel product.

In July 2016, Brocade launched the Gen 6 (32 Gbit/s) X6 Director with 4 slots (192 or 256-ports) or 8 slots (382 or 512-ports) and SX6 extension blade.

In March 2017, Brocade launched the Gen 6 (32 Gbit/s) G610 entry switch (24-port).

In April 2018, Brocade launched the Gen 6 (32 Gbit/s) G630 enterprise switch (128-port) and FC32-64 high density blade (64-port) for the X6 Director.

In December 2018, Brocade launched the Gen 6 (32 Gbit/s) 7810 extension switch.

In September 2020, Brocade launched the X7 Director and G720 Switch, their first Gen 7 (64 Gbit/s) Fibre Channel products.

In February 2022, Brocade launched the Gen 7 (64 Gbit/s) G730 128-port switch and the 64 Gbit/s double density optical transceiver.

In August 2023, Brocade launched the Gen 7 (64 Gbit/s) FC64-64 64-port blade for the X7 Director and the 64 Gbit/s 7850 Extension Switch.

SAN ASICs
Brocade designs its Fibre Channel ASICs for performing switching functions in its SAN switches.

The first family of SAN switches, the SilkWorm 1000, released in 1997, were based on the first generation of Brocade ASICs, called Stitch. The SilkWorm 6400 series of SAN Director class switches and SilkWorm 2400/2800 switches, released in 1999, were based on the second generation of Brocade ASICs, called LOOM. The SilkWorm 12000/24000 SAN Directors and SilkWorm 3200/3800/3850 SAN switches, released in 2001, were based on the third and fourth generation of Brocade ASICs called BLOOM and BLOOM-II.

The fifth generation of ASICs, called Condor and GoldenEye (scaled-down Condor), powered the SilkWorm 48000 series of Directors and port blades, FR4-18i Extension Blade, and SilkWorm 200E/4100/4900/7500 series of switches respectively. These products were released into the market in 2004.

The sixth generation of Brocade ASICs (designed in 2008) are called Condor2 and GoldenEye2. Condor2 supports 40 ports of 8 Gbit/s per ASIC and GoldenEye2 supports 32 ports of 8 Gbit/s. These ASICs are used in the DCX Backbone Family of chassis and port blades, FS8-18 Encryption Blade, FX8-24 Extension Blade, and 300/5100/5300/7800/Encryption switches.

The seventh generation of Brocade ASICs are Condor3. Condor3 supports 48 ports of 16 Gbit/s per ASIC. These ASICs are used in the DCX 8510 Backbone Family and port blades, and the 6505/6510/6520 switches. The initial 16 Gbit/s product line (DCX 8510-8, DCX 8510-4, 6510 48-port switch, and 1860 Fabric Adapter) was originally launched in 2011. The 6505 24-port switch was launched in May 2012. The 6520 96-port switch was launched in March 2013.

The eighth generation of Brocade ASICs are Condor4. Condor4 supports 32 Gbit/s. These ASICs are used in X6 Director chassis and port blades, and the G610/G620/G630 switches.

The ninth generation of Brocade ASICs are Condor5 and GoldenEye5. Condor5 and GoldenEye5 support 64 Gbit/s. Condor5 is used in X7 Director chassis and port blades, the G720 switches, and GoldenEye5 is used in the G730 switches.

SAN products
Latest products (Gen 7 - 64G):

Recent products (Gen 6 - 32G):

End-of-sale products (Gen 5 - 16G):

Ethernet switches and routers
Brocade entered into the Federal, ISP, carrier, enterprise and campus switch/router market through its acquisition of Foundry Networks in 2008.

In September 2010, Brocade entered the 100 Gigabit Ethernet market with the 32-port Brocade MLXe Core Router chassis and a two-port 100 Gigabit Ethernet module, targeted at service providers and data centers. Along with it, the company also released the Brocade Network Advisor application for managing IP, storage, MPLS, application delivery, and wireless elements in converged service provider and data center networks. In November 2011, Brocade announced a large 100 Gigabit Ethernet deployment.

In December 2010, Brocade began shipping the Brocade VDX 6720 Switch as part of its product family for Ethernet fabric environments based on Brocade VCS Fabric technology designed for highly scalable virtualized and cloud computing environments. In August 2011, Brocade introduced two additional products for this family. The Brocade VDX 6730 Switch is a 10 GbE switch which can also use FCoE to bridge VCS Fabrics with Fibre Channel SAN fabrics. The Brocade VDX 6710 Switch is an entry-level 1/10 GbE switch which enables legacy 1 GbE servers to connect to VCS Fabrics as well as traditional LANs. In September 2012, Brocade announced a modular switch as part of this portfolio. The Brocade VDX 8770 Switch supports single VCS Fabrics as large as 8000+ switch ports supporting up to 384,000 VMs attached to a single VCS Fabric. The VDX 8770 provides port-to-port latency at 3.5 μs across 1, 10, and 40 GbE ports.

In November 2011, Brocade introduced the Brocade ICX product family. It released the Brocade ICX 6610 Switch for the Federal, enterprise and campus networking segment, with a maximum switching capacity of 576 Gbit/s and forwarding capacity of 432 Mpps with PoE+. In March 2012, Brocade released the Brocade ICX 6430 Switch and Brocade ICX 6450 Switch for the Federal, enterprise and campus networking segments, with full stacking capabilities as well as Layer 2 and Layer 3 functionality. The switches are available in 24- and 48-port 1 GbE models, with optional 1/10 GbE uplink/stacking ports. The company also announced its HyperEdge technology for automated single-point management and mix-and-max stacking for sharing advanced functionality among all the members of a switching stack. In September 2012, Brocade introduced the fixed form factor Brocade ICX 6650 switch. This Ethernet switch features 1/10 GbE ports for server connectivity and 10/40 GbE ports for uplink connectivity. It is designed for data center top-of-rack (ToR) environments and Federal, enterprise and campus LAN aggregation deployments.

In 2009, Brocade introduced the Brocade Mobility family of Wireless LAN (WLAN) for federal, enterprise and campus environments, including multiple models of access points and controllers.

Software
The Brocade software product portfolio includes SAN management software networking. Legacy software includes network management applications, IP network management solutions and software networking solutions include:

 * SAN Management Software
 * Brocade SANnav Management Portal and SANnav Global View(current)
 * SAN Health (Current)
 * Brocade Network Advisor (legacy)
 * Data Center Fabric Manager (DCFM) (legacy)
 * Enterprise Fabric Connectivity Manager (EFCM) (from McDATA) (legacy)
 * Fabric Manager (legacy)
 * Host Connectivity Manager (HCM) (legacy)
 * SAN Application Modules (legacy)
 * Data Migration Manager (DMM) (legacy)
 * IP Network Management Software (legacy)
 * IronView Network Manager (INM) (legacy)
 * Software networking solutions
 * (a virtual version of Brocade's ADX application delivery platform).
 * (a virtual version of Brocade's ADX application delivery platform).

Acquisitions

 * 2003 Rhapsody Networks
 * 2005 Therion Software Corporation
 * 2006 NuView, Inc. Developed software for enterprise file data management.
 * 2007 McDATA. Key competitor in the Fibre Channel switch and director market.
 * 2007 Silverback Systems, Inc. Provided network acceleration technologies.
 * 2008 Foundry Networks. Ethernet switches and routers maker. The acquisition of Foundry for approximately $2.6 Billion in December 2008 resulted in approximately $2B in goodwill moving to Brocade's asset sheets, of which approximately $1.7B still remained as of Q2FY2013.
 * 2008 Strategic Business Systems. Storage professional services company.
 * 2012 Vyatta, Inc. Software-based networking technologies. The deal was completed on November 9, 2012.
 * 2014 Vistapointe Network visibility and analytic technology for mobile networks.
 * 2015 Connectem Inc. Carrier-focused wireless networking specialist.
 * 2015 SteelApp. Application delivery controller (ADC) business unit from Riverbed Technology. The deal completed on March 4, 2015.
 * 2016 Ruckus Wireless

Competition
Brocade is the dominant vendor in the Fibre Channel Storage Area Network (SAN) networking switch market, competing with Cisco Systems.

Legal issues
In 2005, Gregory Reyes resigned as CEO after being indicted for securities fraud relating to backdating stock option grants. After spending about a year investigating these allegations, the Department of Justice (DoJ), through the US Attorney's Office, the SEC, and the FBI filed criminal and civil charges against Reyes. In roughly the same time frame, the DoJ, SEC, and FBI also began investigating over 100 other companies for similar activities. Greg Reyes and Stephanie Jensen, the former vice president of HR, were charged with 12 counts of fraud. Two counts were dismissed, and on August 7, 2007, Reyes was convicted on the remaining 10 counts. On January 16, 2008, he was sentenced to 21 months in prison and ordered to pay a $15 million fine. Stephanie Jensen, Brocade's former vice president of human resources, was convicted in a separate trial. On March 19, 2008, she was sentenced to four months in prison and ordered to pay a $1.25 million fine. The convictions of both Reyes and Jensen were appealed. On August 18, 2009, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit overturned Gregory Reyes' convictions and sent the case back to the lower courts for retrial, where he was again convicted, and sentenced to 18 months in prison and a $10 million fine. Reyes was incarcerated at the Taft Correctional Institution in Taft, California, with an anticipated release date of December 29, 2011. , a second appeal remains pending. Greg Reyes was granted a full pardon by President Trump on January 20, 2021.

Brocade announced on August 6, 2012, a San Jose federal court jury returned its verdict in the case of Brocade v. A10 Networks, and found A10 responsible for broad-based intellectual property infringement and unfair competition, awarding approximately $112 million to Brocade The trial lasted three weeks. The jury unanimously awarded punitive damages against A10 and also personally against its CEO Lee Chen, strongly condemning Chen and A10's unfair competition. The jury also returned an unambiguous verdict for patent and copyright infringement and trade secret misappropriation covering A10's entire AX Series load balancing server products. Brocade announced on January 11, 2013, a San Jose federal court confirmed a $60 million damages verdict against A10 Networks and entered an order permanently enjoining A10 from infringing on Brocade's patents involving technologies for Global Server Load Balancing and High Availability. On May 20, 2013, Brocade and A10 reached an agreement to settle the lawsuit, along with all related claims. Among other agreed upon terms, A10 granted Brocade a broad patent license and agreed to pay Brocade $5 million in cash and issue a $70 million unsecured convertible promissory note payable to Brocade.

title: Brocade Communications Systems


text:
FSI

FSI may refer to:

Economics

 * Financial services industry
 * Financial Secrecy Index, a ranking of secrecy jurisdictions
 * Financial Stability Institute, a body of the Bank for International Settlements

Government and politics

 * Federation of Italian Socialists (Italian: Federazione dei Socialisti Italiani), a defunct political party of Italy
 * Foreign Service Institute, of the United States government
 * Foreign Service Institute, India, an agency of the Indian government
 * Forest Survey of India
 * Fragile States Index, a country ranking method
 * Internal Security Forces (French: Forces de Sécurité Intérieure), the national security force of Lebanon

Technology

 * First strong isolate, a Unicode character used to support Bidirectional text
 * Flame spread index, a material's propensity to burn
 * Fluid-structure interaction, in fluid dynamics
 * Frequency scanning interferometry, a technique for measuring the distance between two points
 * FRISK Software International, an Icelandic antivirus software developer
 * FRU Support Interface, a simple bus for low-level access to IBM Power-based hardware
 * FSI International, an American equipment manufacturer
 * Fuel stratified injection
 * Full spectral imaging, in spectroscopy

Other uses

 * Fédération Ivoirienne du Scoutisme, the Ivorian Scouting Federation
 * Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane, the Italian state-owned railway company
 * FlightSafety International, an American aviation training provider
 * Floor space index
 * Florida Space Institute, of the State University System of Florida
 * FontShop International, a German type foundry
 * Fox Sports International
 * Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, at Stanford University
 * Free Sons of Israel, a fraternal organization
 * IATA code for Henry Post Army Airfield, in Fort Sill, Oklahoma, United States
 * Italian Chess Federation (Italian: Federazione Scacchistica Italiana)
 * Free-standing insert, a type of advertising: See

title: FSI


text:
British Rail Class 60

The British Rail Class 60 is a class of Co-Co heavy freight diesel-electric locomotives built by Brush Traction. They are nicknamed Tugs by rail enthusiasts.

During the 1980s, it became increasingly apparent that British Rail required a more capable Type 5 locomotive for its heavy freight trains. Dissatisfaction with the British Rail Class 56's reliability led to the stipulation of a 95 per cent availability, a stringent requirement at the time. A total of three bids were received to a competitive tender issued on 10 August 1987; of these, Brush Traction's submission was selected and an order for 100 locomotives was issued during the following year. Despite the first example being completed during June 1989, due to a number of technical issues discovered during testing, the first examples of the Class 60 would not enter revenue service until late 1990. At a cost of £1.5 million each, the locomotives were the largest single expenditure in a restructuring of the Railfreight sector of BR, which over a three-year period, saw a £264 annual loss turned into a £44 million profit through management changes and traffic-specific organisation.

Operating during the final years of British Rail, the entire Class 60 fleet became the property of English Welsh & Scottish (EWS) following the privatisation of British Rail during the mid-1990s. While the company was reportedly unimpressed by the type's performance, it was retained for heavy freight duties while much of the fleet was stored and subsequently sold on to other operators. Between 2004 and 2007, typically between 50 and 75% of the fleet would be out of action at a given time. However, during November 2010, EWS's successor, DB Schenker, announced that a portion of the fleet would be overhauled, referring to such units as Super 60s and extending their service life through to around 2025. Not all Class 60s received such overhauls however. During 2020, a Class 60 became the first example of the type to be scrapped, while another became the first to be preserved.

History
During the early 1980s, British Rail operated several different diesel locomotives that had been categorised as Type 5, these being a relatively high-powered locomotive suited to heavy freight trains, such as the Class 56 and Class 58. However, the Class 56 proved to be somewhat unreliable, contributing to dissatisfaction amongst British Rail's customer base. One such customer, Foster Yeoman, became so disillusioned with the locomotives supplied for its aggregates trains that it procured its own private fleet of Class 59 locomotives from General Motors Electro-Motive Division in the United States. British Rail was reportedly interested in acquiring its own fleet of Class 59 locomotives, but hesitated in fear of objections by trade unions that such an order would not support British manufacturers. To avoid causing tension, BR decided that it should continue to support domestic suppliers when making new orders.

These various factors drove British Rail to produce a stringent requirement calling for a new Type 5 diesel locomotive for use on its Trainload Freight sector. In terms of its basic configuration, it sought a high-powered low-speed locomotive suitable for its existing core traffic operations. Furthermore, this requirement stipulated that the tentative locomotive would be required to maintain an average availability of no less than 95 per cent, which was far higher than any locomotive to have been operated by British Rail at that time. It was believed that the high performance levels demanded would generate considerable cost reductions, as well as significantly bolstering efforts within British Rail's rail freight division to meet targets set out by the British government. It was forecast that 100 of these new locomotives could replace 236 older ones of various types, including classes 20, 33, and 47, many of which would be withdrawn or cascaded onto other duties.

Despite having discounted a direct purchase of the Class 59, during the research phase, some of the concepts for the Class 60 were reportedly modelled upon its design. Inspiration was also drawn from the French rail freight industry. Roughly a dozen designs were studied, based upon staff feedback and market research; a total of three were carried through to the advanced stages of study, during which mock-ups were produced. A late-stage decision to reduce the size of the engine compartment enabled the redesign of the cabs at either end of the locomotive.

On 10 August 1987, the British Railways Board issued a competitive tender for response by 7 November, for a fleet of 100 locomotives. A total of six companies were invited to tender, these being Brush Electrical Machines, GEC Transportation, General Motors, General Electric, Metro-Cammell and NEI Consortium. Of these, only three companies chose to respond with a bid by the November 1987 deadline:
 * Metro-Cammell – offered a Metro-Cammell body with an option of traction packages, many untried, and could not offer performance guarantees as stipulated by the tender
 * General Electric Company – a partnership with General Motors Electro Motive. They offered a state-of-the-art Class 59, built in the UK, probably at Crewe Works, which had an existing partnership for construction of the Class 91 electric locos
 * Brush Traction – offered a locomotive powered by either a Mirrlees or Ruston engine, and used separately excited (Sepex) traction control, as previously tested on the Class 58.

Of the three bidders, Brush's submission was selected as the winner. On 17 May 1988, the placement of an order for 100 locomotives with Brush valued at £120 million was announced by Paul Channon, the Secretary of State for Transport. Production of the type commenced quickly thereafter. Brush decided to subcontract much of the component manufacturing work, while performing final assembly of each locomotive at its erecting shops at Loughborough. The bodyshell of the Class 60, which was shared with the Class 92 electric locomotives, was fabricated by Procor (UK) of Wakefield. The engine was a higher-powered development of the Mirrlees engine, which had been previously fitted experimentally to Class 37 nos. 37 901-37 904.

On 1 July 1989, less than 14 months following the order's announcement, the first locomotive departed Brush, having been formally handed over to British Rail in a ceremony held the day beforehand. It was initially dispatched to the Engineering Development Unit at Derby where it underwent testing, revealing the type to possess a number of teething problems. Specific areas that required redesign work included the control software, suspension system, and structural elements; reportedly, there were in excess of 100 individual faults ultimately identified, resulting in a threat of the order's cancellation being issued unless the outstanding problems were rectified. It would take two years before 60 001, the first member of the class, would be available for traffic. As a consequence of needing to make modifications, none of the Class 60s were used operationally until the following year.

During late 1990, British Rail accepted the first pair of locomotives into revenue service. Initially, the Class 60s were divided amongst several sectors of British Rail; 42 locomotives were assigned to coal traffic, while 13 were tasked with construction trains, along with 17 locomotives for moving metal trains and a further 17 for petroleum movements. A further seven were used during the construction of the Channel Tunnel, before being reassigned to general construction duties. During March 1993, the final locomotive of the class was accepted into traffic.

Bodywork
Unlike the Classes 59 and 66 (solid girder underframe) the Class 60s have a monocoque stressed skin construction with diagonal trusses – with the external bodywork providing support for the internal components.

Two different cab designs were considered and full size mock-ups were made in wood, plastic and metal by the Engineering Development Unit at the Railway Technical Centre in Derby. One of these had a French-style raked-forward cab end, similar to the SNCF Class CC 72000, but this was rejected in favour of a more conventional cab.

Electrical
The main alternator is a Brush BA1006A type, providing power for the traction motors via rectification circuits to DC. The auxiliary alternator is Brush BAA 702A Auxiliary Alternator, providing power for the radiator fans, lubrication and fuel oil pumps, traction motor cooling fans and air compressors amongst others. The main and auxiliary alternators are both driven by the main engine.

Each of the six axles is driven via a reduction gear by one nose suspended axle hung traction motor (Brush designed and built the TM2161A four-pole motors). Each motor has a separate microprocessor-controlled power supply (SEPEX in Brush's designation – from "Separately Excited"), a system that was first tried on one Class 58, 58050, allowing the speed of a slipping axle to be reduced without affecting the others.

Prime mover
The engine is an 8-cylinder, 145 litre Mirrlees Blackstone 8MB275T four-stroke diesel traction engine (275 mm cylinder diameter); the Mirrlees engine was one of the most fuel efficient available at the time (189g of fuel per kWh), but relatively heavy. The engine was also successfully installed in marine applications such as small ships and passenger ferries. The low cylinder count for the rated power was expected to result in lower maintenance costs.

 * Engine dimensions
 * Eight cylinders in line
 * Bore, 275 mm (10.8 inch)
 * Stroke, 305 mm (12 inch)
 * Power output, 3,100 hp (2,311 kW) at 1,000 rpm

DB Cargo UK
Following the privatisation of British Rail, all 100 units came under the management of the English Welsh & Scottish (EWS). Reportedly, the company was not impressed by the Class 60's performance, having a generally disfavourable attitude towards all of British Rail's locomotives. Thus, EWS decided not to reduce the 100 strong fleet, even those units that were damaged by fires and collisions would receive repairs. During most of 2003 and 2004, a portion of the fleet entered storage, having been deemed to be surplus to requirements. It was in 2004 that the first locomotive of the class was reportedly withdrawn, being retained by the company and gradually stripped for parts.

Between 2004 and 2007, typically between 50% and 75% of the fleet would be out of action at a given time. During 2007, the operational fleet was estimated to be 60 locomotives. While members of the fleet were reaching the milestone of 20,000 operating hours, at which point an overhaul was required, no authorisation for this work was given, with individual locomotives being rotated instead. This allegedly led to operational numbers dropping as low as four locomotives. According to Rail Magazine, there were suspicions that the whole class was close to being permanently withdrawn around this time, although the Class 60 was noted to have superior performance to the newer British Rail Class 66 when hauling particularly heavy freight trains.

In June 2007, EWS was acquired by DB Schenker, a wholly owned subsidiary of the German railway company, Deutsche Bahn. During September 2010, twenty of the class were offered for disposal by DB Schenker UK. Many of the locomotives marked for disposal had sustained catastrophic failures or were otherwise in a poor condition.

During November 2010, DBS announced that a batch of 20 units would receive overhauls. According to Rail Magazine, rumours that the company was interested in replacing the Class 60's engines were prevalent around this time. In January 2011, DB Schenker announced that seven units would undergo overhauls, along with an option to overhaul a further fourteen members of the class; this work reportedly extended the fleet's operational life by 15 years. During January 2013, the overhaul programme was described as an "upgrade" to create a new fleet of "Super 60's". This programme involved the complete overhaul, but not total replacement, of the locomotive's engine, as well as the refurbishment of various elements, including the traction motors, bogies, control gear, cabs, and electrical systems.

The overhaul work was performed primarily at the Toton Traction Maintenance Depot, DB Schenker's principal maintenance base in Britain. Locomotives which had gone through the Super 60 program by September 2013 included (17); 60 007, 010, 015, 017, 019, 020, 024, 039, 040, 054, 059, 062, 063, 074, 079, 091, 092, with another four programmed later that year; 60 001, 044, 066 and 60 100, although its unclear if all of these were completed. Those Class 60s that had been decommissioned were not anticipated to ever be overhauled.

In 2012, a number of some Class 60s were offered for sale through Romic-Ace International Pte Ltd. During the following year, DB Schenker Rail UK offered 20 locomotives for sale. These were to be purchased on 31 October 2013 by Doncaster-based Wabtec Rail in a £10 million deal – the deal was reported to have fallen through in 2014.

In August 2017, DB Cargo UK offered a further 20 locomotives for sale, these being 60 003, 004, 005, 006, 008, 013, 014, 018, 022, 023, 025, 027, 030, 031, 032, 037, 042, 050, 051, and 052. They were sold to Wabtec Rail. However again this sale subsequently fell through. In late 2018, DB Cargo UK offered 3 Class 60's (60 004, 014 and 018) for sale, which caused the status of the previous sale of Class 60 locomotives to Wabtec to be uncertain, given all 3 locomotives had thought to have been included in the previous Wabtec sale. During December 2018, DB Cargo UK offered further Class 60s for sale – 60 008, 028, 029, 046, 055, 064, 070 and 098, which was the first time 60 064 had been put up for sale.

In 2019, DB Cargo UK offered 60 006, 050, 060, 081 and 086 for sale, stored at Toton. All found buyers with three, initially, sold to metal recyclers (60 006 & 086 sold to Ron Hull, Rotherham, 60 050 to Raxstar) and 60 060 & 081 to 'Private Sales'. Subsequently, 60 086 was resold to a private owner and 60 050 was purchased by the same individual.

On 20 January 2020 60 006 was scrapped at Toton, it is reportedly the first of the class to be scrapped. On 10 February 2020, 60 086 was transferred to the Wensleydale Railway and into preservation. This was followed by 60 050.

GB Railfreight
In July 2018, GB Railfreight bought all ten of Colas Rail's Class 60 locomotives, Colas having replaced them with a further seven orders for Class 70 locomotives.

DCRail
In March 2019 DCRail acquired four locomotives from DB Cargo; 60 028, 029, 046, 055. These have been overhauled by DB Cargo at Toton TMD with 60 046 the first to enter service in November 2019.

British Rail
By the end of 1990, 12 members of the class had been introduced to revenue service. The first locomotives to be accepted into traffic were 60 017 and 60 018 in October 1990. The class 60s primarily worked on aggregate (specifically stone) traffic also replacing Class 56s and Class 58s, some of which were withdrawn, others transferred. Their introduction replaced double-heading and also allowed longer and/or heavier trains to be worked. The type enabled the replacement of previously double-headed Class 33 Type 3s in the South East region, as well as Classes 20, 26, 27, 31 and 73. The relatively youthful Class 58 fleet were also cascaded from the coal traffic they had been the staple of. During March 1993, the final locomotive of the class was accepted into traffic.

In preparation for the privatisation of British Rail, the organisation's freight business was divided into five separate units; of these, three would operate the Class 60. Mainline Freight were assigned 52 of the type, while Loadhaul and Transrail Freight received 31 and 17 Class 60s respectively. These entities only briefly existed before their purchase by English Welsh & Scottish (EWS), thus transferring all members of the Class to a single private sector operator.

Colas Rail
In June 2014, it was reported that 10 locomotives had been sold to Colas Rail. The numbers are 60 002/021/026/047/056/076/085/087/095/096. The first one to appear in the Colas yellow and orange livery was 60 087, which was photographed at Burton-on-Trent on 2 June 2014. In July 2018, Colas Rail sold all 10 of its locomotives to GB Railfreight.

Accidents and incidents

 * On 30 June 2015, 60 054 was hauling a tanker train that derailed at Langworth, Lincolnshire due to buckled track.
 * On 26 August 2020, 60 062 Stainless Pioneer was hauling a tanker train that derailed and caught fire at Morlais Junction, near Llangennech, Carmarthenshire.

Naming and liveries
In 1989 Railfreight named the Class 60s in traditional fashion; those locomotives attached to the construction and metals sectors were named after British mountains as were some attached to the coal sector. The others (coal and petroleum sectors) received the names of famous British citizens, with an emphasis on those whose contribution had been to science and engineering. Locomotives numbered 60 001 and 60 098 were exceptions, being named Steadfast and Charles Francis Brush respectively. The locomotives received the standard liveries of their respective sectors.

After coming into EWS's ownership, the Class 60 locomotives were repainted in the red and yellow EWS livery as and when repainting was necessary. Many others carried vinyl stickers on their sides over the former BR sector liveries, demonstrating EWS's ownership. A few locos received new names including 60 033: Tees Steel Express, painted in British Steel blue, and 60 081, repainted in a mock Great Western Railway green livery and renamed Isambard Kingdom Brunel in 2000.

In 2007/08, two locomotives received special liveries: 60 074 received a 'powder blue' livery and was named Teenage Spirit at the National Railway Museum in York as part of a charity event for the Teenage Cancer Trust. 60 040 was repainted in a red livery and named The Territorial Army Centenary as part of the celebration of that event. Both of these locos have since been repainted into standard DB Schenker livery.

In 2010 class 60 number 60 099 was repainted into a Tata Steel silver livery and logo at Toton TMD and unveiled at Tata's Scunthorpe plant on 27 September.

In January 2011 60 011 became the first member of the class to receive the standard DB Schenker livery, after a repaint at Toton TMD.

In late May 2014 60 087 emerged from Toton TMD in Colas livery. It was joined by 60 002, 021, 026, 047, 056, 076, 085, 095 and 096.

In 2019 DCR Cappagh acquired four former DB Cargo Class 60s, from store, which were overhauled and repainted by DB Cargo at Toton TMD. 60 046 and 60 055 were repainted in the DC Rail Freight corporate grey livery. 60 046 regained its original name, William Wilberforce, whilst 60 055 regained its original name, Thomas Barnardo. 60 028 was turned out in a blue livery, with large CAPPAGH logo. On 18 February 2020 the final locomotive of the quartet, 60 029, emerged from a repaint, at Toton TMD, in DC Rail Freight grey and carrying its original name, Ben Nevis.

In mid-June 2022 60 062 was repainted into a new 'STEEL ON STEEL' livery, highlighting DB Cargo UK's role in transporting metal around the country. This repaint was part of the company's 'Freight Belongs on Rail' campaign. On 25 August 2022 the locomotive was named Sonia after a member of DB Cargo's office staff.

Scrapping
On 20 January 2020 work began scrapping locomotive 60 006 at Toton depot, the first Class 60 to be dismantled.

Fleet summary
Fleet summary 2020.

Preservation
Presently three members of the class have been preserved.

Models
The locomotives have been reproduced in scale model form by Heljan in O scale, Lima and Hornby in OO scale and Graham Farish in British N scale.

Accurascale UK announced a range of Class 60 models in 00 in June 2024.

title: British Rail Class 60


text:
Vernee Watson-Johnson

Vernee Christell Johnson (née Watson; born September 28, 1949) is an American actress, author, and acting coach. Watson-Johnson is best known for her recurring roles as Vernajean Williams on Welcome Back, Kotter (1975–1979), as Viola "Vy" Smith on The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (1990–1996), playing the mother of Will Smith's character and head nurse Gloria Tyler on Bob Hearts Abishola (2019–2024). She is often featured in guest or recurring roles as a nurse. Since 2017 she has played Stella Henry on General Hospital.

Early life
Vernee Christell Watson was born in New York City, where she was also raised. She graduated from Cathedral High School and New York University with a major in drama. She began her professional career at age 17 with the Al Fann Theatrical Ensemble in Manhattan and would tour with the group for five years.

Career
Watson-Johnson played Blue's love interest in the 1972 film Trick Baby. She was also a regular cast member of the 1985–1986 situation comedy Foley Square as Denise Willums, the secretary for Alex Harrigan, played by the show's star, Margaret Colin. She played a small role on Sister, Sister as Lisa's (Jackée Harry) best friend Patrice, and as the mayor's secretary, Lucille Banks, on Carter Country. She also had a recurring role as "Birdie" on The Young and the Restless. In 2005, she appeared in the film Christmas with the Kranks. In addition, Watson-Johnson has made appearances in episodes of television shows as The Love Boat, Hill Street Blues, Married... with Children, L.A. Law, Suddenly Susan, Dharma & Greg, The X-Files, ER, Days of Our Lives, Malcolm in the Middle, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Desperate Housewives, Ghost Whisperer, Benson, The Big Bang Theory, Good Times, Dexter, Two and a Half Men, Southland, Criminal Minds, A.N.T. Farm, What's Happening!!, Young Sheldon, Jessie, Mike and Molly, and several other series.

Beginning in the mid-1970s, Watson-Johnson appeared in several TV commercials for various national brands, including McDonald's, Polaroid, Kellogg's, Pillsbury, Lysol, Taco Bell, IBM and Procter & Gamble.

As a voice actress, she has been tied to Hanna-Barbera Productions and Warner Bros. Animation with roles in shows such as Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels, Laff-A-Lympics, A Pup Named Scooby-Doo, Animaniacs, Batman: The Animated Series, Superman: The Animated Series and Batman Beyond, as well as the feature film The Ant Bully, and several video games related to these productions. From 1991 to 1992, she lent her voice to the show Baby Talk, where she was the voice of baby Danielle (played by Alicia and Celicia Johnson). In 2006, Watson-Johnson had roles in three films: The Ant Bully, The Celestine Prophecy and Garfield: A Tale of Two Kitties. In 2017, Watson-Johnson was cast as Stella Henry on General Hospital, aunt of Donnell Turner's character Curtis Ashford. She won two Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Guest Performer in a Drama Series for the role in 2018 and 2019.

She guest starred as Janice on Peacock's dramatic Fresh Prince reimagining Bel-Air in its ninth episode.

Personal life
Watson-Johnson has been married twice. Her first marriage was to Joe Duckett from 1976 until 1977, and was last married to photographer Van Johnson from 1979 to 1991. Watson-Johnson has a daughter named Sunde Jinia Johnson (b. 1983) and a son named Josh (b. 1987) with Johnson. In 2005, Watson-Johnson was a witness in Michael Jackson's child molestation trial.

title: Vernee Watson-Johnson


text: Template:Campaignbox Great Northern War

title: Template:Campaignbox Great Northern War


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title: Template:Portugal-royal-stub


text: User talk:Knizar

title: User talk:Knizar


text:
New College Durham

New College Durham is a further and higher education college and a sixth form college in County Durham, England. It was founded in 1977 as a result of a merger between Neville's Cross College of Education and Durham Technical College. It holds foundation degree awarding powers.

History
New College Durham was formed by the merger of Neville's Cross College in Neville's Cross and Durham Technical College in Framwellgate Moor in 1977.

Neville's Cross College was a teacher training college established in 1921 by Durham County Council. It initially only admitted women but became mixed in 1963. It was a licensed hall of residence at Durham University from 1924 until the merger in 1977. It was designated a college of education in 1969. Following the merger, teacher training degrees continued to be offered until 1986. Durham Technical College opened in 1957 and was originally focused on supporting the mining industry, with courses in engineering and construction.

Until 2004, the college operated on two main sites near the city of Durham: the Neville's Cross College site in Neville's Cross and the Durham Technical College site in Framwellgate Moor. The site at Framwellgate Moor housed the bulk of the college's further education provision (FE), whilst the Neville's Cross site housed most of the higher education (HE) provision. With both sites in need of updating, the board of governors decided to develop the college on a single campus in Framwellgate Moor. In 2002, the college was given planning permission to build a new £37 million campus, which opened at the start of the 2005 academic year. The Neville's Cross site was sold for redevelopment, eventually becoming the home of Durham University's Ustinov College in 2018.

In the academic year 1999–2000, the college enrolled 8,270 FE students, of whom 1,877 were full-time, and 1,934 HE students, of whom 675 were full-time. Business and management was offered on the Neville's Cross Campus until 2004. In 2011, the College became one of only two in the country to be granted Foundation Degree Awarding Powers. These can be converted to bachelor's degrees via a "top up" year, with the degrees validated by Teesside University, Sunderland University and Leeds Metropolitan University.

In 2020, New College Durham became the anchor FE partner for the North East Institute of Technology, one of the first twelve institutes of technology established by the UK government, in partnership with other local FE providers, Newcastle University as the HE anchor, and Nissan and Esh Group as the employment partners.

Notable alumni

 * David Anderson, Labour Member of Parliament for Blaydon (2005–2017), Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland and Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland (2016–2017) (Durham Technical College)
 * John Cummings, Labour Member of Parliament for Easington (1987–2010) (Durham Technical College)
 * Stephen Hughes, Labour Member of the European Parliament for Durham and then North East England (1984–2014)
 * Ian Lavery Labour Member of Parliament for Wansbeck and Chairman of the Labour Party

New Logo
New College Durham adopted a new refined logo which resembled the old one. The new logo was uploaded to their social media (Instagram and Facebook) on 21/10/2020 9:00. The logo was voted for on an online survey which was sent to students and staff in the college.

title: New College Durham


text:
Talk:Utility pole

Streets lined with utility poles
It is funny about the piece about Eastern Europe and Russia. Having lived in the Czech Republic for many years, a country considered by some to be in Eastern Europe, and also in the United States, I can say that I have without a doubt seen more utility poles in the latter than in the former. Especially the comment about them being found in urban areas struck me as particularly funny, since I have never seen a telephone pole in any European city, whereas in the US, even in a city such as Chicago, there are streets lined with utility poles. It seems to me that age and a sense of aesthetic, which Europe has and the US famously lacks, has a bit to do with it: in Europe utility poles are buried where possible, in the US they are not. Why wouldn't someone research this and put it up there? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.175.23.32 (talk) 17:02, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

Telegraph post
Do we still need the other Telegraph Post entry?

First telephone poles
how about when were telephone poles created? i bet there was alot of contraversy

Size and dimension of Utility Poles?
Refer to ANSI standard 05.1-2002 for specific dimensions and tolerances of wood utility poles.76.84.128.228 (talk) 05:27, 12 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I would like to know the basic dimensions of different poles.

Poles have different heights and circumferences based on several factors the first is clearance (we don't really want people coming into contact with energized conductors). Railroads and Interstate highways require higher clearances than county roads, which need more clearance than a pasture full of cattle. The second is span or the distance between poles. Metals expand and contract as temperatures rise and fall. During a very hot day this can result in a considerable amount of "sag" over 1/16th or 1/8th of a mile (remember that people and live wires don't mix). Additonally, a poles circumference is determined by the the species of wood (some are stronger than others), and how much load (weight) is the pole to support. RUS bulletins instruct utility companies to use a pole that is 4 times stronger than is actually needed to support the wires (in case of decay or other damage to a pole, or the event of severe weather like ice or heavy winds). ANSI standards, RUS bulletins and trained engineers are needed to determine the exact size of pole needed. Local regulations are also a factor someplaces.76.84.128.228 (talk) 05:27, 12 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I can not tell how tall they are... for different purposes.

I would like to scale model them with realistic dimensions for a diarama

In 1844 Samuel Morse set the first telegraph pole.76.84.128.228 (talk) 05:27, 12 January 2009 (UTC)
 * When was the telephone pole invented?

In the United States the poles set within the Railroad ROW next to the grade are communication lines for the railroad. These generally have relatively light conductor and are strung upon glass insulators rather than the ceramic used by Electric utilities. Railroads are phasing these out either removing them from service or simply abandoning them as they utilize more effecient communications system like satellite and microwave. Even though they are used for communications these conductors do carry lethal voltages when in service.76.84.128.228 (talk) 05:27, 12 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Why are poles next to railroad tracks much shorter than other poles?

In the U.S. the NESC (National Electric Safety Code) mandates and regulates minimum clearances for any conductor that carries electricity. This includes not only electric transmission, and distribution lines but also telephony, and CATV as well. Determining factors include not just voltage but the type of conductor, the local geography, and proximity to different structures, and other Right of Ways (such as Highways, Railroads, Canals, and Rivers)76.84.128.228 (talk) 05:27, 12 January 2009 (UTC)
 * How to calculate the hight of the pole and conductor hight from ground for 110kv,11Kv

 * Each utility has standards for height and class (strength) for poles, depending on the span, the weight of conductors, the voltage level, the allowable ground clearance between poles, and whether it is a line pole, a corner pole or a deadend pole.Edison 20:40, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

''This is true however, the utility must also follow the guidelines from ANSI, NESC, and RUS bulletins from the Department of Agriculture in addition to local and state regulations. Most utilities simply adopt these standards.''76.84.128.228 (talk) 05:27, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

new image available
Image:Utility pole transformers.jpg I'm not sure it's any better than what's there now.. but I just wanted to let folks know it exists. The top of this pole is about 20 feet from my front porch and would be happy to model for closeups of pole features.. ;-) --Versageek 19:42, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

Re: Height of Telephone pole
To find height of a Telephone pole in the US, simply locate a manufacture tag, located 6-7 feet up the pole, next to the Utility number tag. According to the AWPA standards, all piles, and poles shall have these brands. An example Tag, goes something like this:

TAYLOR TREATING 3-1994-45     DFP SHERIDAN OREGON

Translation: Taylor Treating is the manufacturer. Sheridan Oregon, the location. 1994, the date of piling, and treatment. DFP, indicates this is a Douglas-Fir pole. "3", indicates the utility class of pole. "45" represents the height of pole.

The general rule is, a pole 40 ft tall is set 6 feet in the ground, and a pole 45 feet set 6.5 feet in the ground, etc. This then indicates this pole is 38 feet 6 inches above ground level, and another 6-8 inches to the transformer connection. Thus 39-feet overall height above ground level.--71.222.59.133 04:05, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

In the brand example cited above the ANSI loading class is missing, the 3 preceding the 4 digit vintage (year) would reference the month of manufacture (March). The 45 would probably be 4.5 an amount of pressure treatment used in manufacturing as class/height information is generally on a seperate line. In the United States the brand information is required to comply with RUS bulletines, ANSI standards, and AWPA guidelines. However, the exact format of the information is not clearly defined by these institutions. The details are worked out between Purchaser and Manufacturer. As a general "rule of thumb" the brand is usually at "eye level", inline on the side of the pole that the insulator pin is located. This usually is apx. 90 degrees from a utility companies tags which are usually "roadside" for ready identification.

In the United States ANSI standards and RUS bulletins both direct pole embeddment for most conditions as 10% of a poles length butt to pole top +2 foot (i.e. a 40 foot tall pole would be set 4 + 2 or 6 foot while an 80 foot tall pole would be set at 8 + 2 or 10 foot). Exceptions to this rule are provided for rock embeddment (less) and swamp/bog (deeper) embeddment.

Additionally, in the United States attachments like transformers are generally mandated to follow RUS bulletins exceptions are privately held utilities that do not and have not recieved Federal monies under the Rural Electrification Act. RUS bulletins place transformers below the energized conductors and above the return feed(sometimes called the ground or neutral).

ANSI standards are copyrighted but RUS bulletins set forth by the US Dept. of Agriculture are public domain and can be used and cited freely.

I can't help but note the United States has implemented a very different electric system than the rest of the world. It would be less confusing to the layman if when detailing a usage or standard that the country be noted, and where possible the governance, standard or regulatory body be reference to help reduce confusion as for example US, Asain, and UK utilities are built very differently (also work practices, and equipment). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.84.128.228 (talk) 04:35, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

Internet cables
In the 'Communications cables' section, a sentence on internet cables was changed to:   "Broadband internet access is also commonly provided over telephone (DSL) and/or CATV cables."  Cables carrying internet links, separate from telephone and CATV cables, are one of the fastest growing uses of utility poles, particularly in urban areas, and are a third large category of lessees of pole space. That was the point of the original sentence. I think it should be changed back. -- Chetvorno TALK 15:41, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

"Refusal"?
The "history" section of this article says:
 * One of the early Bell System lines was the Washington DC-Norfolk line which was for the most part, square sawn tapered poles of yellow pine probably treated to refusal with creosote.
 * One of the early Bell System lines was the Washington DC-Norfolk line which was for the most part, square sawn tapered poles of yellow pine probably treated to refusal with creosote.

What is "refusal"? Wikipedia's article with that title says it's the failure of a horse to jump over a fence. I don't think that's what was meant here. Michael Hardy (talk) 20:18, 31 July 2009 (UTC) "Refusal" refers to the creosote treatment method, whereby the wood preservative is forced using the pressure (of a vacuum camber to remove air) into the wood pole until it 'refuses' to absorb more.Jamii Hamlin (talk) 08:04, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

"Anchor pylon": Article should cover different types of utility poles
After reading the Electricity pylon pages pertaining to the different types of pylons ( see this section), I noticed two things. Currently I'm thinking of just having this article cover different types of utility poles. Thoughts? —Onore Baka Sama(speak 14:49, 25 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Utility poles are called "wood pylons". I... have no clue who exactly calls them wood pylons, or where the idea of "wood pylon" stops when it comes to utility poles, but... I guess it's there.  Needs a bit of elaboration, I'd suppose.
 * Most of the pylons in this section have the exact same functions as their power pole counterparts, but utility poles doesn't get any coverage. I believe that the Utility pole page should have its own "types of utility poles" section.  Pylons has about 20 page links, but Utility poles only mentions dead-end poles (anchor poles) in prose.  While I have been meaning to expand this to include other types of utility poles (there are riser poles, capacitor bank poles, air-break switch poles, etc.), I'm just thinking about the future of said article section.  (I guess that doing this would make my move a little pointless, then, huh?)

"spur lines
The article mentions three phase power may have a spur connected to one phase, this is true but there is no neutral. 166.137.10.66 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 05:21, 5 August 2010 (UTC).

 * I believe that is incorrect. All the single phase spur lines I've seen have, in addition to the phase wire, a neutral wire strung below it.  The primary windings of the distribution transformers are connected between the phase and neutral wires.  Without a neutral, there would be no return path for the current in the phase wire.  -- Chetvorno TALK 06:50, 6 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Check out Single-wire earth return. Oen wire, and a whole lot of dirt, is all you need. --Wtshymanski (talk) 13:38, 6 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Long spur lines in rural areas use SWER, but short spur lines use neutrals. User:166.137.10.66 said "...there is no neutral" -- Chetvorno TALK 21:34, 14 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Depends a bit on local construction philosophy and also ground conditions - i.e. for SWER to be used the ground return must be effective - generally soil rather than rock. Also I imagine for a neutral wire return (rather than a single phase comprising 2 primary conductors) you would still require an isolating transformer at the commencement of the spur - which itself would require single phase (2 wire). Lumberjack Steve (talk) 03:22, 16 November 2010 (UTC)
 * No, isolating transformers are not needed. Spur lines are just branches off a three-phase grounded Y distribution line, comprising one phase wire and one neutral wire. They are very widely used in urban areas to supply power to side streets and have nothing to do with single-wire earth return. --ChetvornoTALK 19:36, 7 January 2018 (UTC)

deWP link
The deWP interwiki link given,Telephonmast  is one of the two pertinent pages. the other is Holzmast. I am not sure how to indicate it. It should be indicated, for they are both or them pretty good articles that complement our coverage.  DGG ( talk ) 02:36, 14 November 2010 (UTC)

A little bit specific
This article is far from being general, because it talks about something very very unusual where I live, for example (Italy) - without clarifying it. Utility poles in urban areas are virtually nonexistent in most of what I've seen of Europe, while they're commonplace in many downtown streets in North America (still talking about what I've directly seen).

I would suggest specifying power lines are mostly buried/attached to buildings (unfortunately) in Europe (at least Italy).

→ Nitya Dharma / ?  17:13, 30 January 2011 (UTC)

Piracy
In some places, citizens make their own connections to utility cables, in order to be serviced faster than the utility can provide, or to obtain service without p-a-y-i-n-g. The poles look like birds nests, as citizens add their wire in a haphazzard manner. Could we have a picture of this? Tabletop (talk) 12:20, 20 August 2011 (UTC)

Insulation of Wires ??
Are the wires on telegraph poles insulated from one another?

If the wires are space 150mm/6 inches apart (depending on voltage) there would be no need.

During storms uninsulated (bare) wires can touch, causing blackouts and lighting fires.

Aerial bundled cable prevent wires touching. Tabletop (talk) 06:20, 28 July 2012 (UTC)

Suggest removing "hydro pole" (or simply moving it).
"Hydro pole" is said in Canada at times, but it is low-register and it marks someone as being rather provincial. Surely, the term should not be in the same list as those other more formal terms.

Perhaps it can be mentioned in a new paragraph as being a local colloquial variant, or something like that. 2A00:C1A0:489E:9600:293A:FF0A:89E:37CB (talk) 12:54, 7 January 2018 (UTC)
 * "Low register"?  Nonsense.  A perfectly common term, widely used in Ontario and Manitoba and other provinces where "Hydro" is often part of the electric utility's name. We're not so class-ridden as those in Europe; that's why Grandpa thought spending 6 weeks in steerage and 6 days on a train to go live in a soddy on the bald prairie was preferable to staying back in the old country. --Wtshymanski (talk) 18:34, 7 January 2018 (UTC)
 * "Low register" is not a question of class. For instance "dad" is low register; "father" is high register. People can use either term regardless of class depending on the context, but in an encyclopedia you would not see for instance, Prince Philip being referred to as Prince Charles' "dad", but rather his "father". My concern is just in keeping the tone. "Hydro" for that matter is very provincial, since in most countries that word suggests water and not electricity. Outside of Canada, a phrase like "The hydro went out during the thunderstorm last night", would not generally be understood. Not saying there is anything wrong with people in Canada using the word at all, just not in an international setting like Wikipedia. I appreciate the above comment, but it would be interesting to get an opinion from someone outside of Canada who does not have any emotional investment in the matter. (Certainly I am not going to take it upon myself to change the article without some more serious input first)2A00:C1A0:489E:9600:C8AA:7E25:273E:967B (talk) 22:29, 11 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Also used in British Columbia. In Ontario alone, we have nearly half of the country’s population, so to suggest it is used "at times" is an understatement. Walter Görlitz (talk) 16:52, 10 February 2018 (UTC)
 * And it’s the only entry that has a reference. Walter Görlitz (talk) 16:53, 10 February 2018 (UTC)
 * The reference is to a Canadian dictionary (insert eye-rolling here).2A02:2454:9873:5900:FCBF:FAFE:2E8:2EBC (talk) 12:42, 24 February 2020 (UTC)
 * No amount of eye-rolling can make Canadian sources unreliable. SpinningSpark 16:15, 2 March 2020 (UTC)
 * And where does it say that widely-used regional "low register" names should not be included?  BTW, I am American and have no "emotional investment" (sic) in Canada, but I think your use of "provincial" is a little snobby, let's try to practice mutual respect.  --ChetvornoTALK 18:38, 2 March 2020 (UTC)

Ronalds' pole
I have removed the claim that Francis Ronalds was the first to use utility poles in 1816. His 1816 experiment did not use poles, it used two wooden frames with the iron wire strung back and forth. I wouldn't really consider those poles, and in any case it is an experiment in his garden, not any kind of utility delivery. As far as I know, Ronalds never used poles, his other experiments used wire in buried glass tubes. I've replaced it with William Fothergill Cooke who first used poles in 1843. That's definitely the first commercial usage. SpinningSpark 14:26, 10 February 2019 (UTC)

Myanmar pole
The recently added picture of a "pole" in Myanmar is not really a pole. It's a wonderful picture of a very dodgy structure, but it does not belong here. Perhaps at Transmission tower? SpinningSpark 00:33, 6 March 2019 (UTC)
 * A transmission tower is a tall structure, usually, a steel lattice tower, used to support an overhead power line. A utility pole is a column or post used to support overhead power lines and various other public utilities, such as electrical cable. Why doesn't the picture belong here? Etan J. Tal(talk) 10:55, 6 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Because it's not a pole. It's a tower structure standing on at least seven supports.  A pole is a single, free-standing upright.  Just because it's wood and not steel, and carrying something other than power, doesn't suddenly make it a pole.  It's the structure that counts, and this one clearly has a (haphazard) lattice structure.  You might want to take a look at lattice tower which shows many uses besides electrical power. SpinningSpark 11:59, 6 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the explanation. Picture moved as suggested... Etan J. Tal(talk) 13:08, 6 March 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Utility pole


text:
User talk:DuffBasher

Image uploads
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Sfan00 IMG (talk) 21:58, 10 January 2010 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:60040 60065 60022PeakForest.jpg
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title: User talk:DuffBasher


text:
Talk:Viscount Waverley

If anybody has a better idea for a stub category, feel free to change it. (7/13/05)

title: Talk:Viscount Waverley


text:
User talk:Doramusic

Non-free use disputed for Image:Alan Blumlein.jpg
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title: User talk:Doramusic


text:
Talk:Omaha–Council Bluffs metropolitan area

Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area
If anyone notices an error go head and change what ever it is. Ki-too 11:35, 13 Jul 2005 (UTC)

I think that "Former cities and villages annexed by Omaha" section belongs in the Omaha article particularly. These cities have been completely encompassed by the municipality, and the categorization should reflect that fact. --Jack 06:51, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I won't change it (someone should verify first), but I think 186.9 sq. mi. is 484.1 sq. km (not 300 sq. km.) and density should be 4483/sq. mi. and 1731/sq. km. - u — Preceding unsigned comment added by Udorawala (talk • contribs) 00:14, 7 December 2011 (UTC)

Comma
This page has a comma near the population. This comma will not go away and I do not know how to do it. Please would someone take a look, and try to remove a comma Rthakker (talk) 21:27, 29 April 2015 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Witger

Godfrey II, Count of Leuven
Godfrey II, Count of Leuven, which you created, has been nominated to be moved. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments here. Moonraker (talk) 06:06, 29 February 2012 (UTC)

Talk:Counts of Louvain
Please observe that closed discussions, be they about requested moves, article deletion or whatever, may not be modified or added to. If you wish to make a statement regarding the topic, it should be made below the colored box enclosing the old discussion. Favonian (talk) 08:43, 16 March 2012 (UTC)

Counts of Louvain: new move request
Hi Witger, just a courtesy-message to inform you to I have submitted a move request of "Counts of Louvain" to "Counts of Leuven". You can find my reasoning here: Talk:Counts_of_Louvain. Kind regards, Morgengave (talk) 22:30, 14 April 2012 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for January 8
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Category:Palatinate of Lotharingia has been nominated for merging
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Talk:State Bank of Patiala

Untitled

 * Actually, this bank perhaps deserves an idependent article. I will place necessary information soon. It has 10,100 google hits and s number of them are unique. It is a bank which was establihed in 1917 and has 750 branches across India. I am sure a redirection to State Bank of India will fail to do justice to the topic.--Bhadani 16:41, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I propose to remove the redirect link and place appropriate contents, when I complete the work. --Bhadani 16:41, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I would request comments from the other users. thanks.--Bhadani 16:42, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It is clearly fine to replace the redirect with an article once someone has enough information to make an actual stub article. --Mysidia 17:10, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for giving me courage, I was feeling like an idiot. Thanks.--Bhadani 17:16, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:State Bank of Patiala


text:
User:Profvk

Hi, Fellow Wikepedians

I am a retired professor of Mathematics from BITS, Pilani, India. Besides Mathematics, I am interested in Religion and Philosophy, particularly with reference to Hinduism and also in Acient Indian History.I have peripheral interests in Studies of Consciousness.

I enjoy participating in this marathon venture of Wikepedia. You are welcome to contact me on my talk page. Please be sure to add your signature as per Wikepedia conventions. Thanks.--Profvk 12:21, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Surya Namaskar
Your contribution to the SuryaNamaskar article is fantastic. Do try and expand as much as you can! Brilliant job!
 * —Karthik.raman (talk) 12:10, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User:Profvk


text:
Johann Philipp Palm

Johann Philipp Palm or Johannes Philipp Palm (18 December 1766 – 26 August 1806) was a German bookseller and a strong anti-French agitator and freedom fighter executed during the Napoleonic Wars at Napoleon's orders.

He was born at Schorndorf in Württemberg. Having been apprenticed to his uncle, the publisher Johann Jakob Palm (1750–1826), in Erlangen, he married the daughter of the bookseller Stein in Nuremberg, and in the course of time became proprietor of his father-in-law's business.

In the spring of 1806, the Stein publishing house sent to the bookselling establishment of Stage in Augsburg a pamphlet (presumably written by Philipp Christian Yelin in Ansbach) entitled Deutschland in seiner tiefen Erniedrigung (Germany in her deep humiliation), which strongly attacked Napoleon and the behaviour of the French troops in Bavaria. On learning of the violent rhetorical attack made upon his régime and failing to discover the actual author, Napoleon had Palm arrested in and handed over to a military commission at Braunau am Inn on the Bavarian-Austrian frontier, with peremptory instructions to try the prisoner and execute him within twenty-four hours. Palm was denied the right of defence, and after a show trial on 25 August 1806, he was shot the following day without having betrayed the pamphlet's author.

A life-size bronze statue was erected to his memory in Braunau in 1866, and on the centenary of his death, numerous patriotic meetings were held throughout Bavaria. Since 2002 a private foundation at Schorndorf has awarded a Johann Philipp Palm Prize for freedom of speech and the press.

It was to Palm that the poet Thomas Campbell was referring when he gave his famous (and possibly apocryphal) toast to Napoleon at a literary dinner. When this caused uproar, he admitted, "The Emperor is a usurper, the enemy of our country, and if you will of the whole human race. But, gentlemen, let us be just to our great enemy. Let us not forget that he once shot a bookseller."

Palm is briefly mentioned in Adolf Hitler's autobiography Mein Kampf (My Struggle), in the first page of the book. Hitler wrote, "To-day I consider it a good omen that Destiny appointed Braunau-am-Inn to be my birthplace." Later on the same page, Palm is mentioned by name as an "uncompromising nationalist and enemy of the French, put to death here because he had loved Germany even in her misfortune." Hitler compares his death to that of Leo Schlageter, who had also been executed by the French after being betrayed to them.

Johann Philipp Palm Prize laureates

 * 2002: Sihem Bensedrine (Tunisia) and Christian Führer (Germany)
 * 2004: Sergei Duvanov (Kazakhstan) and Jamila Mujahed (Afghanistan)
 * 2006: Pap Saine, The Point (Gambia) and Asya Tretyuk (Belarus)
 * 2008: Seyran Ateş (Germany) and Itai Mushekwe (Zimbabwe)
 * 2010: Mahboubeh Abbasgholizadeh (Iran) and Pedro Matías Arrazola (Mexico)
 * 2012: Alaa Al Aswany (Egypt) and Hrant Dink (Turkey)
 * 2014: Nazeeha Said (Bahrain) and Salijon Abdurahmanov (Uzbekistan)
 * 2016: Inès Lydie Gakiza (Burundi) and Akademiker für den Frieden (Barış İçin Akademisyenler bildirisi, Turkey)
 * 2018: Štefica Galić (Bosnia) and Josephine Achiro Fortelo (South Sudan)
 * 2020: Bushra Al-Maktari (Yemen) and Gui Minhai (China)
 * 2022: Alexei Venediktov (Russia) and the Congolese radio and television network Coracon (Democratic Republic of Congo)

title: Johann Philipp Palm


text: Category:World Scrabble Championships

title: Category:World Scrabble Championships


text:
Godfrey II, Count of Louvain

Godfrey II (Godfried; c. 1110 – 13 June 1142) was the count of Louvain, landgrave of Brabant by inheritance from 23 January 1139. He was the son of Godfrey I and Ida of Chiny. He was also the duke of Lower Lorraine (as Godfrey VII), and as such also margrave of Antwerp, by appointment in 1139 after the death of Duke Waleran.

He was first associated with his father in 1136, when he first carried the ducal title. This was confirmed by Conrad III of Germany, who had married the sister of Godfrey's wife. Waleran left a son, Henry II of Limburg, who asserted his father's ducal rights. Godfrey and Henry entered into a war in which the latter was decisively and quickly destroyed. Godfrey did not long enjoy his victory. He was killed by a disease of the liver two years thence. He was buried in St. Peter's Church in Leuven.

He married Luitgarde, daughter of Berengar II of Sulzbach and sister of Gertrude von Sulzbach, wife of Conrad III of Germany, and Bertha, wife of Manuel I Comnenus, the Byzantine emperor. He was succeeded by his son Godfrey III in both the counties and the duchy.

title: Godfrey II, Count of Louvain