text:
User:John Z/drafts/Iman Darweesh Al Hams

URLS
http://lawrenceofcyberia.blogs.com/news/2005/02/the_bart_simpso.html#more

The blood of Iman al-Hamas By Amira Hass 9 Feb 2005

Analysis / Absolutely illegal By Amos Harel 23 Nov 2004

http://www.fromoccupiedpalestine.org/node.php?id=1438

http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/1126/p07s01-wome.htm

http://www.fortwayne.com/mld/newssentinel/9927859.htm?template=contentModules/printstory.jsp

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Case 3. Iman al-Hams

The I.D.F. Investigation: The Israeli army on Friday cleared an officer accused by comrades of repeatedly shooting a 13-year-old Palestinian girl to make sure she was dead, but upheld his suspension because of his poor relations with subordinates. An army investigation also found no wrongdoing by soldiers who fired at the girl as she approached a military observation post near the Rafah refugee camp in the Gaza Strip on Oct. 5. The investigation backed an earlier army account that soldiers opened fire because they suspected she was planting a bomb.... Announcing the results of a preliminary investigation, the army's southern commander, Maj. Gen. Dan Harel, said he found no "unethical" behavior by the commander or his soldiers in the shooting. (Source)

The Reality: A tape recording of radio exchanges between soldiers involved in the incident, played on Israeli television, contradicts the army's account of the events and appears to show that the captain shot the girl in cold blood. The official account claimed that Iman was shot as she walked towards an army post with her schoolbag because soldiers feared she was carrying a bomb. But the tape recording of the radio conversation between soldiers at the scene reveals that, from the beginning, she was identified as a child and at no point was a bomb spoken about nor was she described as a threat. Iman was also at least 100 yards from any soldier. Instead, the tape shows that the soldiers swiftly identified her as a "girl of about 10" who was "scared to death". The tape also reveals that the soldiers said Iman was headed eastwards, away from the army post and back into the refugee camp, when she was shot. (Source)

Rule 4: Don’t deliberately shoot unarmed civilians unless you are sure your unit will back your story. If you serve in a dysfunctional unit, your subordinates might see an opportunity to finally get rid of you by leaking to Israel’s Channel 2 the story of how you killed a child, along with the incriminating evidence that your own commanders didn’t consider [5] in clearing you in their “preliminary investigation”. Once the story is broadcast on TV, it is beyond the ability of the J.A.G. to refuse an investigation. This would be the Iman al-Hams scenario, and variants of it are going to be more and more common in the coming months and years as individual soldiers of conscience do what their army has institutionally failed to do, and describe the extent to which war crimes have become a routine aspect of I.D.F. activity in the Palestinian Territories over the past four years.

w w w. h a a r e t z. c o m

Last update - 14:24 09/02/2005

The blood of Iman al-Hamas

By Amira Hass

And the blood of Iman al-Hamas - on whose hands is her blood? With or without the confirmed killing, the soldiers in R.'s unit, with him or without him at the Girit outpost in Rafah, killed the 13-year-old schoolgirl who was walking on October 5 with her schoolbag in broad daylight.

She wasn't even infiltrating in the middle of the night, trying to find work in Israel. Someone in the IDF, after all, drafted the orders that allow soldiers to shoot Palestinians walking in an open field near an IDF outpost or a settlement built on that field. Someone, after all, gave the order that day to shoot the girl. Someone executed the order. With perjury or without it, the girl is not coming back to life. An army that takes pride in its night-vision equipment, in its precise sniping instruments, that same army's soldiers could not see it was a little girl?

Iman's name became famous because of the perjury of the soldiers. Her futile death was reported in the Israeli media, which very rarely reports on dead Palestinians. There is a long list of Palestinian civilians whose blood was spilled neither in battle nor because they endangered someone, and their blood has evaporated from our consciousness.

What about the blood of Rasmiye Arar, 37 when she died, a mother of seven? On May 12, 2003, she left her house in Qaraut Bani Zeid in the West Bank to join a relative, Ramez Arar, 17, who was standing in a yard on a hilltop watching IDF jeeps about two kilometers away. He was shot from a distance and fell. She hurried to his side and was shot, too. In other words, she was shot by soldiers. Five days later, soldiers shot 11-year-old Tamer Arar, killing him. The soldiers marched through the village. Tamer was in a field near his house. He was eating a sandwich. True, children threw stones at the soldiers. But they were not near Tamer. And for that matter, why is it so obvious that it is okay to kill children who throw stones? The children who threw the stones apparently ran away. A boy eating a sandwich remained in place.

A month earlier, two other members of the Arar family were killed by soldiers, in the school yard at the entrance to the village: an adult who hurried to help a wounded child (yes, children threw stones at an army jeep that parked right outside the school during recess), and a child who hurried to save the adult.

In its day, the IDF Spokesman excused all the killing of various sorts with the explanation that the "force was under attack," but admitted that Rasmiye was not involved in "attacking the force." The villagers said that a new unit was in their village, "trying to provoke." Months later, an IDF commander revealed to Haaretz that steps were taken against soldiers in that unit after it turned out they behaved improperly. Quietly, with no publicity and headlines.

Mahmoud Abbas was instructed yesterday at the summit not to ask whose hands were bloodied with the blood of the Arar family. Mohammad Dahlan and Jibril Rajoub are expected not to remember nor remind the Israeli commanders who gave the orders to shoot and blow up and shell and kill civilians, of all the orders that killed and wounded thousands of Palestinians civilians, in the last four years, in the first intifada, in Lebanon, in Qibiyeh. The Palestinian people are not allowed to ask their leaders why soldiers of the occupation who killed civilians, and their officers, are not arrested and put on trial.

That's the upside down method: occupy them, their land, their natural resources, take over their lives and judge them as criminals when they resist us - when they kill either civilians or soldiers. We admit we killed civilians, but the "war" apparently not only justifies our cruelty, it erases it. On the other hand, the war - in other words, the occupation, in other words, the war for the preservation of the loot from the 1967 war: the settlements - does not justify or even explain their cruelty in our eyes.

If the Palestinians had warplanes and tanks so their killing was sterile, they would prefer to use those. And then, even if they killed Jewish civilians, they would not be called murderers with blood on their hands but enemy soldiers. And when caught they would be considered prisoners of war. If the policy makers of the Olso Accords really were thinking about peace the way they are said to have been, they would have freed all those prisoners. But then, like now: those who speak about gestures and then only free Marwan Barghouti's son, even if it was at Abbas' request, continue to operate with the old diskette of the colonialist who throws candy to the natives.

/hasen/objects/pages/PrintArticleEn.jhtml?itemNo=537863

w w w. h a a r e t z. c o m

Last update - 01:48 23/11/2004

Analysis / Absolutely illegal

By Amos Harel

There have been dozens of cases during the past four years in which IDF soldiers killed unarmed Palestinian civilians. The circumstances are different from case to case, and in many cases the army provided detailed explanations for the shootings, even if in retrospect the judgment was wrong. Only rarely is the curtain completely lifted on what really took place so that someone who was not there can understand what happened. The leak last night to Channel Two's Fact program, of the tape from the communications radios at the Girit outpost on the Philadelphi corridor provides such an opportunity.

The legal proceedings have only begun, but based on what the tape showed and the indictment against the Givati company commander R.                                 claims, it is possible to cautiously draw a few interim conclusions.

Most of the debate about the incident was over whether the killing of the little girl was "verified," and the debate was based on the conflicting versions of the events as provided by R. and his troops. Last night the tape left no room for doubt - R. himself is heard saying, "I also verified her                                 killing."

But that is far from the key question in the case. At least from the moral aspect, the main question is why the company commander and his soldiers fired at the girl who was 100 meters away from the outpost, was not armed, was not a danger to the soldiers inside the protected outpost, and when at least some of the soldiers knew that it was a little girl. A soldiers is                                 explicitly heard saying "it's a little girl," and that she is "scared to death." Nonetheless, the shooting went on. Moreover, R. himself reports later that he shot "the girl."

No less important is the tone of the voices on the tape. Officers trying to                                 explain what happened constantly said that the areas is dangerous, and that the soldiers were under threat. But that does not come across in the voices of the soldiers. They don't sound worried or pressured, but almost apathetic. They seem to be shooting because those are the orders - to                                 shoot at anyone who comes close, even if some know it's only a girl, and there is no sense of fear. It seems, at least, that the order to shoot is                                 blatantly illegal, and therefore the soldiers should have refused it. The question becomes, therefore, why only the company commander is being prosecuted, and only for illegal use of his weapon and not for manslaughter at the very least.

The Girit affair was one of the reasons for the tension between Chief of                                 Staff Moshe Ya'alon and the deposed regional commander, Brig. Gen.                                  Shmuel Zakai, who completely accepted the company commander's                                  version of events, persuading Ya'alon to do as well - and then Ya'alon was embarrassed when the Military Police probe discovered a completely different reality.

Now it turns out the original corps level inquiry into the event did not even listen to the communications recordings, which were easily available. If                                 they had, the entire fiasco of the original backing for the company commander could have been avoided. The affair raises questions about the way the IDF investigated other cases of Palestinians being killed.

One prevalent view in the media is that it is impossible to judge the behavior of the soldiers in these cases given the dangerous conditions under which they operate. But that is a dubious argument at best since it                                 has gradually turned into the legitimization of worsening incidents over the years. It's convenient for the IDF to call R. a "rotten apple," but in effect, Iman al Hamas, the little girl killed at Girit, is not alone. There have been dozens of innocents killed in Gaza, under circumstances not much different from those in which she was killed.

During the first two years of the intifada, the rules of engagement allowed shooting at civilians simply because they were in the wrong place at the wrong time, like near a settlement fence, or at night. Since then, the army has tried to crack down, and has toughened the rules of engagement. But there are plenty of hair-raising stories about what happened to civilians during offenses like Operation Rainbow and Operation Days of Penitence.

The first intifada saw Givati trials one and two, which opened the pandora's box for the Israeli public about what soldiers were doing in their name in the territories. If R. insists on going through with his defense and does not work out a plea bargain with the military prosecution, it is entirely possible that this case will yet open the pandora's box to the public about what the army did in its name during the intifada.

/hasen/objects/pages/PrintArticleEn.jhtml?itemNo=504878

close window


text:
Talk:Darren Lehmann

Infoboxes
I was wondering, with the two infoboxes, is there a good way to make one go directly below the other? I think that would look better than the way the article is now, but I can't figure out a way to do that. The only other way I can get them to go is one next to the other in a row, which just looks ugly in my opinion and doesn't leave enough room for the text. Can anyone help? Raven4x4x 07:22, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * You could put them both inside a pair of ... tags. -- Ian ≡ [[User_talk:Ianb

rown|talk]] 03:44, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

POV
... that he would be one of the greatest of all time in another team/era?

... "not particularly quick"?????

Blnguyen 03:39, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree, this is a bit too fawning to be encyclopedic. Perhaps I'll take a shot at cleaning it up. --Deville (Talk) 16:29, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

Other
The introduction states that lehmann took 6/92 against Sri Lanka, but the infobox states best bowling less than that - bit of a discrepancy Sinisterial

Section entitled first class success has info repeated Sinisterial

highest score
his highest score isnt 301*. its 302*.

POV and References
I have tagged all the facts I can find that need citations, and removed a lot of POV and weaselness. This article, as someone says above, fawned much over Lehmann and wasn't very well written in a number of areas. I have cleared as much of this away as I can, and updated it to the past tense where relevant as he has now retired. SGGH speak! 12:37, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

Structure
This article lacks it. Sections are too long. As an aside, he finished with a century in his final South Australian first class and one-day state matches. 124.171.159.184 (talk) 06:52, 24 November 2007 (UTC)

120.20.128.112 (talk) 05:45, 24 August 2014 (UTC) There are paragraphs describing Deccan Chargers winning the IPL 2009 in great details, which may be better referred through a link to IPL 2009 season and Deccan wiki pages.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Darren Lehmann


text:
John Smith Memorial Mace

The John Smith Memorial Mace (known as the Observer Mace from 1954 to 1995) is an annual debating tournament (British Parliamentary format) contested by universities in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

The equivalent competition for secondary schools is the ESU Schools Mace.

History
The competition was founded in 1954 by the journalist Kenneth Harris of The Observer newspaper, and was sponsored by the newspaper until 1995. It was then renamed the John Smith Memorial Mace in honour of British Labour Party leader John Smith, who won the tournament as a member of the Glasgow University team in 1962, and died in 1994.

The competition has been held annually since 1954, except for 1977, when no tournament was organised. In the early years, neither Oxbridge debating societies (the Oxford Union nor the Cambridge Union) participated. Glasgow University Union has been the most successful institution in the competition's history, winning the tournament 16 times, most recently in 2018.

In addition to John Smith, other notable former winners include Charles Kennedy, Donald Dewar, John Nicolson, Lord Hunt of Wirral and Professor Anthony Clare.

Format
Since 1993, the competition has been run by the English-Speaking Union, with assistance from regional convenors. Four regional tournaments are held each year for universities in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The Irish tournament is open to teams from both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The winners of these four regional competitions then go on to face each other in the International Final, which is held each spring to determine the overall champions.

No International Final has been held since 2019, when the English-Speaking Union removed its sponsorship of the competition. Only the Scottish Mace (which served as the regional qualifier and national championship for Scotland) and the Irish Mace (which served as the regional qualifier and national championship for the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland) have continued.

All debates in the competition are held using the British Parliamentary debate format. Speeches in the International Final and regional finals are seven minutes long, which is similar to most other British Parliamentary format tournaments, where speeches are usually seven or five minutes long. Until 2001, speeches in the tournament's finals were ten minutes long.

The Mace is considered by many debaters to be effectively an overall championship for the United Kingdom and Ireland, with the regional qualifying tournaments serving effectively as national championships for England, Scotland and Wales. The Irish Times National Debating Championship served as the Irish qualifier for the Mace in the 1960s, but is now run separately.

England & Wales Mace
Prior to the 2001-2 academic year, England and Wales held a combined qualifying tournament for the International Final of the Mace. At the time, the winners of the Irish, Scottish and English/Welsh tournaments qualified for the International Final automatically, while runners-up from the events qualified for a repechage debate which determined the fourth team in the International Final. After the 2000-1 academic year, England and Wales began holding separate qualifying tournaments and the repechage was abolished.

title: John Smith Memorial Mace


text:
User talk:B. Phillips

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics! You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages. You may also want to check out Merge, for information about merging, renaming and moving pages. The Wikipedia directory is also quite useful. In addition, you might want to add yourself to the new user log; if you made any edits before getting an account, you may wish to assign those to your username.

By the way, an important tip: To sign comments on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~~~~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments.

Finally, here are some open tasks:

Other links for reference: Wikiquette, image copyright tags, Merge Hope to see you around the Wiki! Remember to be Bold! with your edits, and if you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 07:23, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Velvet Underground (N)POV
Hello there,

I've responded to your criticisms on The Velvet Underground talk page. Please have a look. Thanks/regards, Curt Woyte 17:27, August 1, 2005 (UTC)

Fred Phelps
Please stop removing content from Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. -- Rhobite 17:17, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:B. Phillips


text:
The Second Life of Doctor Mirage

The Second Life of Doctor Mirage is an 18-issue American comic book series co-created by writer/artist Bob Layton and illustrator Bernard Chang, and published by Valiant Comics. More than two million comics in the series have been sold since it was published from 1993–1995. The Second Life of Dr. Mirage has been translated into German, Italian, Spanish, Norwegian, Filipino, Chinese, and other languages.

In a 1994 interview, Bob Layton said that the book was originally created after talking with a close friend who was discouraged that so few comic books catered to the female audience

Characters and story
Hwen and Carmen Mirage are parapsychologists who investigate paranormal activity and supernatural mysteries. They are hired to investigate two necromantically charged corpses, which come to life and attack them. During the fight, the corpses reveal the name of their master, Master Darque, a necromantic sorcerer. Hwen begins a journey to find Darque.

Hwen pursues Master Darque to Ladakh, Tibet. Master Darque attempts to absorb Hwen's life force, but is thwarted by Carmen's love for Hwen just as Darque's power reaches its peak. Carmen and Hwen attempt an escape, but are attacked by undead priests, at which point Hwen discovers his own ability to control energy. Hwen’s new ability and Carmen’s martial arts expertise prove to be beyond Darque’s control, and they strike an uneasy truce.

Hwen soon realizes he has been transformed into a “positively charged” necromantic being. This transformation means Hwen cannot come into physical contact with other people. This puts a strain on Hwen and Carmen’s marriage as they attempt to return to normal life. Subsequently Hwen receives training to harness his powers and can become solid for short periods of time. Eventually, Hwen acquires the ability to change the appearance of his clothing.

Hwen and Carmen believe they have found a friend in Enrico, who agrees to manage their home when they travel for investigations. Enrico appears to be easygoing and helpful, but is later found to be keeping dark secrets.

A house becomes charged with necromantic energy and gives shape to the angry spirit within. Hwen and Carmen investigate the home, which is destroyed due to a gas leak. During the destruction, necromantic energy is released and is absorbed by Hwen.

More problems come when it becomes known that Carmen's parents despise Hwen, as does Carmen's ex-husband, who is even more dangerous. These problems come to the forefront as a body-manipulating foe seeks to suck the 'dark energy' out of Carmen.

Darque Power (necromantic energy)
In the series, Darque Power is the name given to the necromantic energy released when humans die. Named for Master Darque, the world's most infamous necromancer, the energy can be used in several types of magic spells and incantations. Silver is the only known conductor for Darque Power energy. Electromagnetic pulses can disrupt the flow of Darque Power energy forces.

Books
Second Life of Doctor Mirage #1–#18 (1993–1995)

title: The Second Life of Doctor Mirage


text:
Giuseppe Colosi

Giuseppe Colosi (29 March 1892 – 20 October 1975) was an Italian zoologist. He specialized in the study of crustaceans and mysids in particular.

Colosi was born in Petralia Sottana. From 1920 to 1924, he taught in Turin, and he was the head of the zoological institute of the University of Florence from 1940 to 1962. He died in Florence, aged 83.

Colosi is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of lizard, Chalcides colosii.

title: Giuseppe Colosi


text:
Frederick Lambton, 4th Earl of Durham

Frederick William Lambton, 4th Earl of Durham (19 June 1855 – 31 January 1929) was a British hereditary peer and a Liberal (later Liberal Unionist) politician.

Early life and education
Lambton was the second son of George Lambton, 2nd Earl of Durham and his wife Lady Beatrix Frances Hamilton, daughter of James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn.

He gained the rank of Lieutenant in the Coldstream Guards.

Political career
Lambton was elected at the 1880 general election as a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for South Durham, 384 and held that seat until the constituency was abolished for the 1885 general election. He did not stand in 1885, but having joined the Liberal unionists in 1885 he unsuccessfully contested Berwick-Upon-Tweed in 1886, Sunderland in 1892, and a by-election in South East Durham in February 1898.

He was returned to the House of Commons after a fifteen year absence at the 1900 general election, when he defeated Joseph Richardson, the Liberal winner of the 1898 by-election. Lambton was re-elected unopposed in 1906, but lost the seat by a wide margin to a Liberal candidate in January 1910.

Lambton inherited the earldom and a seat in the House of Lords from his twin brother, John Lambton, 3rd Earl of Durham, on 18 September 1928 when the latter died with no legitimate children.

Marriage and children
Lambton married Beatrix Bulteel (1859 – 27 April 1937), his second cousin once removed, on 26 May 1879. They had six children:

 * Lady Violet Lambton (3 July 1880 – 22 February 1976), married John Egerton, 4th Earl of Ellesmere and had issue including John Egerton, 6th Duke of Sutherland.
 * Lady Lilian Lambton (8 December 1881 – 26 September 1966), married Charles Douglas-Home, 13th Earl of Home and had issue including Prime Minister Alec Douglas-Home.
 * John Frederick Lambton, 5th Earl of Durham (7 October 1884 – 4 February 1970)
 * Hon Geoffrey Lambton (13 September 1887 – 1 September 1914), married Dorothy Leyland and had issue.
 * Hon Claud Lambton (3 December 1888 – 7 September 1976), married Olive Eleanor Lockwood and had issue.
 * Lady Joan Katherine Lambton (21 September 1893 – 4 January 1967), married Hugh Joicey, 3rd Baron Joicey and had issue.

Death
Lord Durham died on 31 January 1929 at the age of 73, having held the earldom for only 4 months, and was succeeded in the title by his elder son, John.

title: Frederick Lambton, 4th Earl of Durham


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kilil

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy; no context. The Uninvited Co., Inc. 18:58, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Kilil
content-free; Google returned zero hits Robinh 07:31, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy, no context. --Dmcdevit·t 07:35, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverifiable. Speedy candidate with little or no content. JamesBurns 09:31, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy see above JGorton 15:02, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kilil


text:
N-Coded Music

N-Coded Music was a jazz record label in New York City founded by Dave Grusin, Larry Rosen, and Phil Ramone as N2K Encoded Music in 1997.

Their original business model was to break out new artists and groups from various genres (mainly smooth jazz) by releasing their music through its co-owned online music site, Music Boulevard, in the form of CDs and downloads using the Liquid Audio format. CDs were also distributed by RED Music for the traditional retail market. After Music Boulevard and its main competitor, CDNow merged, N2K Encoded Music was sold to Warlock Records and renamed N-Coded Music.

N-Coded's roster included Ann Hampton Callaway, Jane Monheit, Candy Dulfer, Andy Bey, and Jonathan Butler.

title: N-Coded Music


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/WikiProject Astronauts

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Joyous (talk) 13:33, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject Astronauts
I propose deletion, since project inactive since creation in April 2004, consiting of one line, therefore nothing major to archive Hiding talk 07:34, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Include the tag to include it in the Category:Inactive WikiProjects - Skysmith 09:03, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Now see, that would have been handy a week ago before I marked a load of projects with . Hiding  talk 10:39, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, one line of text is not a wikiproject. Not even an inactive one. Radiant_ >|< 09:34, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Pavel Vozenilek 00:15, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Radiant. Xoloz 05:15, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - wasn't even a wikiproject to start with -- Francs2000 | Talk [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|25px| ]] 15:28, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:AndyHedges

Just some stuff to stop my name being red...

title: User:AndyHedges


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Libres y Locos

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Joyous (talk) 13:34, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

Libres y Locos
Does not assert notability. brenneman (t) (c) 07:36, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete notability not established. JamesBurns 09:32, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I dunno, kids today, free *and* crazy. Dunc|☺ 13:35, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable... guys who go to sports games? I think?  Dcarrano 14:10, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Define Notability: Obviously they will not be notorious outside Mexico. They are however most notable within Mexico. The stub is very poorly written and I would vote to delete on that de-merit but notability seems to be the point, the "Libres y Locos" is not a cheerleader squad or a bunch of guys who go to sports games (Actually, two people who voted for delete admit not knowing what "Libres y locos" really are).

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Matato'a

Matato’a is a musical and dance group from Easter Island (Rapa Nui). It is one of the most famous bands from the island. Matato'a was founded in 1996 by Kevamatato’a Atan. It was in 1998 that they adopted the name of Matato'a, which means 'warrior' or 'guardian'. They played all over Chile in the same year. Mito Manutomatoma, a founding member, left the group in 1999 to play mainstream Chilean music.

The group, consisting largely of family members, uses traditional instruments, such as stones, horse jawbone, and bombo along with electric guitars and other modern elements to create a unique fusion sound.

Matato'a's principal motivation is to promote the ancestral traditions, the dances, the costumes, & body paintings of the Rapa Nui People. Performances are high-energy, with intensive indigenous cultural representation.

title: Matato'a


text:
Kickstand

A kickstand is a device on a bicycle or motorcycle that allows the bike to be kept upright without leaning against another object or the aid of a person. A kickstand is usually a piece of metal that flips down from the frame and makes contact with the ground. It is generally located in the middle of the bike or towards the rear. Some touring bicycles have two: one at the rear, and a second in the front.

History
The earliest known kickstand was designed by Albert Berruyer in 1869, and since then kickstands have been independently reinvented many times. It was mounted below the handlebars, so was much longer than more recent designs. A shorter model was patented by Eldon Henderson in 1926. In the 1930s, a "smaller, more convenient" kickstand was developed by Joseph Paul Treen.

In 1891, Pardon W, Tillinghast patented a design for a stand which was mounted on the pedal, but folded up flat under the pedal when not in use.

Types
A side stand style kickstand is a single leg that simply flips out to one side, usually the left side, and the bike then leans against it. Side stands can be mounted to the chain stays right behind the bottom bracket or to a chain and seat stay near the rear hub. Side stands mounted right behind the bottom bracket can be bolted on, either clamping the chain stays, or to the bracket between them, or welded into place as an integral part of the frame.

A center stand kickstand is a pair of legs or a bracket that flips straight down and lifts the rear wheel off the ground when in use. Center stands can be mounted to the chain stays right behind the bottom bracket or to the rear dropouts. Many motorcycles feature center stands in addition to side stands. The center stand is advantageous because it takes most of the motorcycle's weight off its tires for long-term parking, and it allows the user to perform maintenance such as chain adjustments without the need for an external stand. Center stands are found on most "standard" and "touring" motorcycles, but are omitted on most high-performance sportbikes to save weight and increase ground clearance.

While not strictly a kickstand, the Flickstand is a small bracket that flips down from the down tube and engages the front tire to prevent the front end from steering and tire from rotating, and thus enabling the bike to be safely leaned against an object without danger of the front end turning and the bike subsequently falling to the ground. These were made by Rhode Gear Company in the 1970s and 1980s. While the Flickstand is no longer made, a Velcro strap can be employed for similar success by strapping a brake lever to lock the brake or strap the front wheel to the down tube.

Construction
Kickstands can be made of steel or cast aluminium. There may be a rubber cap on the end.

Kickstands can lock in place, either up or down, by several means:

 * A spring that is stretched when the kickstand is partway deployed and less stretched when it is stowed or all the way deployed.
 * A detent mechanism, which usually also employs its own spring.

title: Kickstand


text:
Talk:Boris Tadić

Merger proposal
I propose to merge Boris Tadić reelection campaign, 2008 into Boris Tadić. I feel that at most the merit of the reelection article is the various endorsements, and the topic can easily be covered in the Boris Tadić article. Aleksamil (talk) 00:35, 11 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Frankly, I don't think there's anything of value to be merged (it's a laundry list of endorsements and boring diplomatic statements), but a couple of sentences are probably salvageable. Go for it as far as I'm concerned. No such user (talk) 14:43, 9 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Not much there. Sadkσ   (talk is cheap)  00:45, 20 October 2019 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 09:37, 11 April 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Boris Tadić


text:
Aiphanes

Aiphanes is a genus of spiny palms which is native to tropical regions of South and Central America and the Caribbean. There are about 26 species in the genus (see below), ranging in size from understorey shrubs with subterranean stems to subcanopy trees as tall as 20 m. Most have pinnately compound leaves (leaves which are divided into leaflets arranged feather-like, in pairs along a central axis); one species has entire leaves. Stems, leaves and sometimes even the fruit are covered with spines. Plants flower repeatedly over the course of their lifespan and have separate male and female flowers, although these are borne together on the same inflorescence. Although records of pollinators are limited, most species appear to be pollinated by insects. The fruit are eaten by several birds and mammals, including at least two species of amazon parrots.

Carl Ludwig Willdenow coined the name Aiphanes in 1801. Before that, species belonging to the genus had been placed in Bactris or Caryota. The name Martinezia had also been applied to the genus, and between 1847 and 1932 it was generally used in place of Aiphanes. Max Burret resurrected the name Aiphanes in 1932 and laid the basis for the modern concept of the genus. Aiphanes is most closely related to several other genera of spiny palms—Acrocomia, Astrocaryum, Bactris and Desmoncus. Two species are widely planted as ornamentals and the fruit, seeds or palm heart of several species have been eaten by indigenous peoples of the Americas for millennia.

Description
Aiphanes is a genus of spiny palms ranging from 20 m tall subcanopy trees to small shrubs with subterranean stems growing in the forest understorey. Its name combines the Ancient Greek ai, meaning "always", with phaneros, meaning "evident", "visible" or "conspicuous". In their 1996 monograph on the genus, botanists Finn Borchsenius and Rodrigo Bernal pointed out that "ironically, species of Aiphanes are generally very hard to spot and find in dense vegetation and, accordingly, are among the most poorly collected neotropical palms".

Stems
While some species are single-stemmed, others form multi-stemmed (caespitose) clumps. Coupled with variation in stem size, this produces a diversity of growth forms in the genus—solitary (single-stemmed) palms that grow into the subcanopy of the forest, solitary or caespitose palms that grow in the forest understorey and acaulescent palms which lack an aboveground stem.

Two species are characterised by an acaulescent growth habit—A. acaulis and A. spicata. Two other species—A. ulei and A. weberbaueri—occur in both acaulescent populations and those which produce above-ground stems. Several species are single-stemmed understorey palms, an unusual growth form. Aiphanes grandis and A. minima are single-stemmed palms which grow to be more than 10 m tall, while the remainder are multi-stemmed understorey species. Multi-stemmed palms range from plants with a single main stem and a few basal suckers to caespitose clumps of 20 densely packed stems. A variety of growth forms can exist within a single species and this appears to be influenced by habitat and environmental conditions.

Leaves
The leaves of Aiphanes species are usually pinnately divided—rows of leaflets emerge on either side of the axis of the leaf in a feather-like or fern-like pattern. The sole exception to this is A. macroloba which has entire leaves. They are usually spirally arranged, but some species have a distichous leaf arrangement, a condition that is normal in palm seedlings but uncommon among adults. Old leaf bases detach cleanly from the stem, except in A. hirsuta subsp. fosteriorum, which often has old leaf bases attached to the newer portions of the stem.

Leaves are spiny but the degree varies both within and among species. Leaf sheaths are always densely spiny, but the spines usually become smaller and sparser towards the ends of the leaves.

Spines
Spines are characteristic of Aiphanes and other members of the subtribe Bactridinae. They are found almost everywhere on the plants and are especially well-developed on the stem, leaf bases, and the peduncle. In Aiphanes, the spines are formed from the outer tissues of the plant and are not derived through the modification of other plant organs. They range from less than 1 mm to more than 25 cm long.

Flowers
Aiphanes species are pleonanthic—they flower repeatedly over the course of their lifespan—and monoecious, meaning that there are separate male and female flowers, but individuals plants bear both types of flowers. In Aiphanes, male and female flowers are borne together on the same inflorescence. Usually only a single inflorescence is borne at each node, although A. gelatinosa often bears then in groups of three at a single node. The inflorescence usually consists of a main axis consisting of a peduncle and a rachis. The rachis bears rachillae, which are smaller branches which themselves bear the flowers, while the peduncle is the main stalk connecting the rachis with the stem of the plant. In some species there is second-order branching—the rachillae themselves are branched and the flowers are borne on these branches.

Flowers are usually borne in groups of three—one female flower together with two male flowers. In some species groups of four flowers (two male and two female) have been reported. At the far end of the inflorescence, away from the axis of the tree, pairs of male flowers replace the triads of male and female flowers. Flower colour is poorly known. It must be recorded from live plants, since preserved flowers lose their colour over time, and records of these species in the wild are incomplete. Male flowers tend to fall into two groups—those with cream or yellow flowers and those with some amount of purple in the flowers. Female flowers are even less well known than male flowers.

Pollen grains are usually spherical to ellipsoid in shape, sometimes triangular, about 20 to 30 micrometres along their long axis and 20 to 30 μm in diameter. They are typically monosulcate, meridionosulcate or more rarely trichotomosulcate. The sulcus is a furrow which runs along the surface of the pollen grain and is usually the site at which pollination occurs. Monosulcate pollen has a single furrow that runs along the pole of the pollen grain. Meridionosulcate pollen have a furrow that runs along the equator of the pollen grain. Trichotomosulcate pollen, on the other hand, has three furrows. The outer layer of the pollen is covered to a greater or lesser extent with ridges, spines or warts. This "sculpting" tends to be more pronounced in species that are fly-pollinated and less pronounced in those that are pollinated by beetles or bees.

Fruit
The fruit of Aiphanes species is usually a red, spherical, single-seeded drupe. A thin skin (or epicarp), which can be either smooth or spiny, covers the fleshy mesocarp, which is typically orange and sweet. The mesocarp of A. horrida has one of the highest reported carotene contents of any plant product and is also rich in protein. The endocarp, which encases the seed, is brown or black and very hard at maturity. Seeds are light brown with a thin seed coat (or testa) and white endosperm, which is sweet and tastes somewhat like coconut.

Karyotype
Published chromosome counts exist for two species, Aiphanes minima and A. horrida; haploid chromosome counts vary from 15 to 18. Borchsenius and Bernal report that it is difficult to get accurate chromosome counts in palms and that differences in chromosome counts may reflect these difficulties.

Taxonomy
Aiphanes is placed in the subfamily Arecoideae, the tribe Cocoseae and the subtribe Bactridinae, together with the genera Desmoncus, Bactris, Acrocomia and Astrocaryum.

In his 1932 revision of the genus, German botanist Max Burret recognised 32 species. Seventeen of these were new species, mostly based on collections made by German botanist Wilhelm Kalbreyer in northern Colombia between 1877 and 1881. Working with a very narrow species concept, and not being familiar with the variation present in natural populations, Burret placed almost every specimen into a distinct species. The bombing of the Berlin Herbarium during the Second World War destroyed the only known collections for 13 of these 32 species, further complicating the situation.

The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature requires each species to be represented by a type collection. The destruction of Burret's type collections left many species only known from his original descriptions, which generally lacked illustrations. Other specimens (called neotypes) were designated to replace these, either by Rodrigo Bernal and colleagues in 1989 or by Borchsenius and Bernal in their 1996 monograph of the genus. Bernal and colleagues attempted to retrace Kalbreyer's travels in northern Colombia and collect specimens from as close as possible to the location of the original collections.

Burret divided Aiphanes into two subgenera, Brachyanthera and Macroanthera. Eleven species were placed in Macroanthera, while the remainder were placed in Brachyanthera. In their 1996 monograph, Borchsenius and Bernal questioned the applicability of these subgenera. They recognised that if Macroanthera was reduced to three species (A. horrida, A. eggersii and A. minima) it could form a viable grouping, but that this would leave Brachyanthera overly heterogeneous. Consequently, they abandoned Burret's use of subgenera.

In the three decades following Burret's delimitation of the genus a further 15 species were described, bringing the total species count to 47. Borchsenius and Bernal determined that many of these names were synonyms, although American botanist George Proctor disagreed with their decision to lump A. acanthophylla into A. minima. Borchsenius and Bernal also described one new species, Aiphanes spicata, bringing the total number of accepted species to 22. In two cases the destruction of the only known collections made it impossible to be absolutely certain that a name was a synonym. The current World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, maintained by Rafaël Govaerts at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, recognises 26 species, including four species described since the publication of Borchsenius and Bernal's monograph.

Burret divided Aiphanes into two subgenera, Brachyanthera and Macroanthera. Eleven species were placed in Macroanthera, with the remainder in Brachyanthera. In their 1996 monograph, Borchsenius and Bernal questioned the applicability of these subgenera. They recognised that if Macroanthera was reduced to three species (A. horrida, A. eggersii and A. minima) it could form a viable grouping, but that this would leave Brachyanthera overly heterogeneous. Consequently, they abandoned Burret's use of subgenera.

History
The earliest botanical description of a species in the genus was made by French botanist Charles Plumier, who described two species based on his visits to the West Indies between 1689 and 1695. Both of Plumier's species are now considered to be Aiphanes minima. The same species was described by Dutch botanist Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in 1763. Spanish botanist José Celestino Mutis produced a detailed description of A. lindeniana and illustrations of that species and what is thought to be A. horrida in 1779.

In 1791 Joseph Gaertner included a species of Aiphanes in his De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum, calling it Bactris minima. This is the oldest validly published name for any member of the genus. The name Aiphanes was coined by German botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow in 1801. He described a single species, A. aculeata, in 1806.

Jacquin had used the name Caryota horrida to describe a plant that belonged to the same species (and may have been the same individual) described by Willdenow. Borchsenius and Bernal cite an 1809 publication date for Jacquin's description, which gave precedence to Willdenow's name. However, the more recent World Checklist (2006) gives an 1801 publication date for Jacquin's description, making A. horrida the correct name for the species.

In 1816 Alexander von Humboldt, Aimé Bonpland and Carl Sigismund Kunth described Martinezia caryotifolia, adding another name to the list of synonyms for A. horrida. Since the original diagnostic characters of Martinezia did not fit any existent species, it was redefined by Kunth to fit M. caryotifolia. Consequently, Martinezia came to replace Aiphanes and the latter name was rarely used between 1847 and 1932. In 1857 Hermann Karsten created a new genus, Marara, to accommodate two Colombian species, M. bicuspidata (later shown to be a synonym for A. horrida) and M. erinacea (now A. erinacea). Hermann Wendland attempted to resurrect Aiphanes in 1878, merging Martinezia and Marara into it, but his proposal was ignored. In 1901 Orator F. Cook created two new genera—Curima, into which he put A. minima, and Tilmia, which housed A. horrida. In 1932, after publishing a species in Martinezia, Burret changed his mind about the genus and synonymised it with Aiphanes. This led to the current delimitation of the genus.

Species
Species accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families:

 * Aiphanes acanthophylla (Mart.) Burret – Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic
 * Aiphanes acaulis Galeano & R.Bernal – Colombia
 * Aiphanes argos R.Bernal, Borchs. & Hoyos-Gómez – Colombia
 * Aiphanes bicornis Cerón & R.Bernal – Ecuador
 * Aiphanes buenaventurae R.Bernal & Borchs. – Valle del Cauca in Colombia
 * Aiphanes chiribogensis Borchs. & Balslev – Ecuador
 * Aiphanes deltoidea Burret – Colombia, Peru, northwestern Brazil
 * Aiphanes duquei Burret – Colombia
 * Aiphanes eggersii Burret – Ecuador, Peru
 * Aiphanes erinacea (H.Karst.) H.Wendl. – Colombia, Ecuador
 * Aiphanes gelatinosa H.E.Moore – Colombia, Ecuador
 * Aiphanes graminifolia Galeano & R.Bernal – Colombia
 * Aiphanes grandis Borchs. & Balslev – Ecuador
 * Aiphanes hirsuta Burret – Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica
 * Aiphanes horrida (Jacq.) Burret – Trinidad, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, northwestern Brazil, Bolivia
 * Aiphanes leiostachys Burret – Antioquia in Colombia
 * Aiphanes lindeniana (H.Wendl.) H.Wendl. – Colombia
 * Aiphanes linearis Burret – Antioquia and Valle del Cauca in Colombia
 * Aiphanes macroloba Burret – Colombia, Ecuador
 * Aiphanes minima (Gaertn.) Burret – Saint Lucia, Barbados
 * Aiphanes multiplex R.Bernal & Borchs. – Valle del Cauca in Colombia
 * Aiphanes parvifolia Burret – Colombia
 * Aiphanes pilaris R.Bernal – Colombia
 * Aiphanes simplex Burret – Colombia
 * Aiphanes spicata Borchs. & R.Bernal – Peru
 * Aiphanes stergiosii S.M.Niño – State of Portuguesa in western Venezuela
 * Aiphanes tricuspidata Borchs., M.Ruíz & Bernal – Colombia, Ecuador
 * Aiphanes ulei (Dammer) Burret – Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, northwestern Brazil
 * Aiphanes verrucosa Borchs. & Balslev – Ecuador
 * Aiphanes weberbaueri Burret – Ecuador, Peru

Distribution and status
The genus Aiphanes ranges from Hispaniola (the Dominican Republic) and Panama in the north, to Trinidad and Tobago in the east, across Colombia and down along the Andes to Bolivia. In Brazil it only occurs along the border with Peru. Aiphanes is primarily South American—one species (A. hirsuta) is present in Panama and two others (A. horrida and A. minima) are found in the Caribbean. Aiphanes minima, which is endemic to the insular Caribbean, is the only species absent from the South American mainland. Although A. horrida has been reported from Guyana and southern Venezuela these reports have not been verified with herbarium vouchers.

Aiphanes horrida is the most widely distributed species. It ranges from Trinidad to Bolivia but is absent from Ecuador and northern Peru. Other species have narrower ranges with one centre of diversity in western Colombia and Ecuador and another minor one in northeastern Peru. The 2006 IUCN Red List includes three species which are endangered by habitat destruction—A. grandis, A. leiostachys and A verrucosa —and three others considered vulnerable to the same threat—A. chiribogensis, A. duquei and A. lindeniana. Rodrigo Bernal and Gloria Galeano expanded this list in a 2005 review of the status of Colombian palms. They listed two species as critically endangered—A. graminifolia, a species that was first described in 2002, and A. leiostachys (which was classified as endangered in the IUCN Red List). They classified two species as endangered—A. acaulis and A. parvifolia—and two species as vulnerable—A. gelatinosa and A. pilaris. They also classified six species as near threatened—A. erinacea, A. hirsuta, A. lindeniana (vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List), A. linearis, A. macroloba and A. simplex. The threats to these species were not listed, but Jens-Christian Svenning reported that A. erinacea was threatened by logging given its limited distribution and poor ability to regenerate in disturbed forests. In addition to these, A. deltoidea, which is widely distributed across the western Amazon Rainforest, is present at such low densities that it was classified as a rare species by Francis Kahn and Farana Moussa in 1994.

Habitat and ecology
Aiphanes species are palms of the forest understorey and subcanopy. The most widely distributed species, A. horrida, occurs both in tropical dry forest and in more humid forest types, but there is a gap in its distribution which coincides with the wettest forests of the upper Amazon Basin. Two other species, A. minima and A. eggersii, are also found in drier environments; A. eggersii is found in areas receiving as little as 500 mm of precipitation annually. The remaining species are found in montane forests at high elevations or in wet—often very wet—lowland forests, including areas receiving as much as 9000 mm of annual precipitation.

Records of visits by pollinators exist for only a few species, but most of these suggest that the species are pollinated by insects. Flowers of A. chiribogensis produce small quantities of nectar, but lack a scent. Fruit flies (Drosophilidae), fungus gnats (Mycetophilidae, Sciaridae), midges (Cecidomyiidae, Ceratopogonidae) and micromoths (Lepidoptera) were recorded visiting these flowers, but bees and hover flies were not. Aiphanes eggersii was thought to be pollinated by bees and possibly by wind. Fruit flies (Drosophilidae), hover flies (Syrphidae), biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) and leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) were recorded visiting the flowers of A. erinacea, but bees were not. Aiphanes horrida was reportedly pollinated by wind, bees (Meliponidae), weevils (Curculionidae) and bugs (Hemiptera). Flies and weevils were observed on the flowers of A. simplex.

The fruit of A. horrida is rich in vitamins and energy and likely to be eaten by many animals. Oilbirds are reported to eat its fruit and disperse its seeds. Squirrels are also reported to consume the fruit, despite the spiny nature of the tree. The fruit, flowers and seeds of A. minima are consumed by the vulnerable Saint Vincent amazon (Amazona guildingii) and is also considered a potentially important food species for the critically endangered Puerto Rican amazon (Amazona vittata).

Several species show clumped distributions. Dispersal limitation has been invoked to explain the clumped distribution of adults and limited recruitment of seedlings in both A. erinacea in Ecuador and A. minima in Puerto Rico. Similarly, the rarity of A. lindeniana and A. simplex in Colombian forests may be linked to limited seed production and the limited effectiveness of seed dispersal by avian and mammalian frugivores.

Uses
Aiphanes species have a long history of human use. The remains of carbonised seeds thought to belong to A. horrida have been found in archaeological sites in Colombia dating back to about 2800 BP; seeds of this species are still consumed and are traded in local markets. Aiphanes horrida is also widely planted as an ornamental, as is A. minima. The fruit or seeds of A. deltoidea, A. eggersii, A. linearis and A. minima are all consumed locally. The palm heart of A. macroloba is consumed by the Coaiquer people of northwestern South America. Aiphanol, a compound isolated from A. horrida, has shown significant inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenases; inhibition of these enzymes can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain.

title: Aiphanes


text:
Talk:Banksia

Untitled
Aren't there Banksias in South Africa too? --Eric Forste 07:38, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * No, the genus is endemic to Australia. There are closely related genera in South Africa, such as Protea. - MPF 19:00, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

Copyvio
It has just come to my attention that this article is almost entirely a copy violation of this web page. The copyvio edit was this. For now I am going to revert the text to pre-copyvio version. Snottygobble | Talk 06:20, 25 October 2005 (UTC)

Seed Maturation
I'd like to collect some banksia seeds. Does anyone know how long they take to mature on the branch?

 * No. But in the vast majority of species the follicles don't open until stimulated to do so by fire.  So you should have no trouble getting mature, viable seed from any older looking cone. Snottygobble | Talk 11:53, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

Gallery move if/when species written
Probably a good idea to move species photos to individual pages of species (and upload more ) when species are written Cas Liber 22:08, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Featured article
It has been proposed to make an effort to get this article up to featured status. Below is a draft to-do list. Feel free to add items and strike out completed jobs. Snottygobble 00:44, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

-easy peasey - can do most in a few days :) Cas Liber 00:57, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

- moved to top of page. Snottygobble 05:46, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Taxonomy - merge proposal
Something needs to be done about Taxonomy of Banksia and Cladistic analysis of Banksia. Taxonomy of Banksia is misnamed in that it doesn't so much discuss the taxonomy of Banksia as present a particular taxonomic arrangement. Furthermore it is one-sided in that it only presents Alex George's arrangement while ignoring the alternative. Cladistic analysis of Banksia is true to its title in that it really does discuss cladistic analysis of Banksia, but then it presents an alternative arrangement that really ought to be accessible from the taxonomy article.

I think we should have a single page entitled Taxonomy of Banksia that presents
 * history of the nomenclature and taxonomy
 * the morphology and other properties used in classification
 * discussion of George's taxonomic arrangement, and recognition that it is the "standard" arrangement
 * presentation of George's taxonomic arrangement
 * discussion of modern findings using cladistic/genetic/molecular analysis, especially discussion of Thiele and Ladige's findings (i.e. info from Cladistic analysis of Banksia)
 * presentation of Thiele and Ladige's alternative taxonomic arrangement
 * discussion of open questions, areas of future research, likely future changes to the arrangement.

What do you think? Snottygobble 00:51, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Agree, and then there's the DNA stuff to be worked in properly. I chat with Alex George, Kevin Thiele quite a bit and have corresponded with Austin Mast. I wrote up a presentation. Let me think on it and I'll try to do some stuff later tonight. Cas Liber 08:31, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

 * OK, all on 1 page now (very long). Will get up more on molecular stuff soon Cas Liber 13:18, 14 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Excellent. A really good start. Snottygobble 00:16, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

image in taxobox
...actually Banksia robur's leaves are hardly typical either (but it is my photo ...he he he). But seriously, I have a sneaking suspicion that the M-RBG ericifolia looks alot like 'Giant Candles'. However some ericifolias definitely do look like that as well.

I am not fussed either way -'tis all good. Cas Liber 11:38, 15 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm opposed to B. ericifolia appearing there because the leaves are highly atypical. I think the current picture is better but I'm not particularly attached to it either. If you have an image that's even better, whack it in. Meanwhile, I've asked User:Gnangarra} for a "perfect" picture - see his talk page. Snottygobble 11:56, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

yep, saw that. Would be nice to get a really good photo there wouldn't it. Cas Liber 17:54, 15 June 2006 (UTC)
 * What would be even more perfect than perfect would be a photo that meets all the criteria I dumped on Gnangarra... of B. serrata, the type species. But I'm afraid Gnangarra can't help us with that one. Snottygobble 23:43, 15 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I just altered the taxabox box image as a compromise this has most notable features visable, change it back if you want to Gnangarra 14:30, 14 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I will have a look, I have an OK one of pods. Looked in a few places on my computer.....Cas Liber 01:29, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

finally found an OK one, funny how I'm surrounded by the thing and have never tried to take a definitive photo..Cas Liber 19:27, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

Expanding ecology
Guys- this was an expanded summary of what I just put as references - feel free to use none/some/all onto Ecology bit of the page Cas Liber 21:29, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

text moved into ecology draft. Snottygobble 12:56, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

Species references
I was annoyed with inconsistency in references to species. Sometimes we used "B." and sometimes "Banksia"; Sometimes we used the common name, sometimes the species name, and sometimes both. So I tried to impose some order on the article. What I did was: Is that okay? Snottygobble 00:54, 11 July 2006 (UTC)
 * The first reference to a species is formatted as
 * B. integrifolia (Coast Banksia)
 * All subsequent references to that species is formated as
 * B. integrifolia
 * Yep thats the best way to present the information, this format needs to be used consistantly across all Banksia related articles. Gnangarra 07:40, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

LinkFix Dump
Actually, I meant to run this on Banksia brownii, but whatever. Why waste a perfectly good linkdump? See User:Edward Z. Yang/LinkFix dump for details.

================================================================================ LinkFix Dump Banksia 2006-07-12.23-22-16

=
=================================================================== 20 Floreat -> Floreat, Western Australia 22 Shrubs -> Shrub 24 Whorl -> DISAMBIG 28 Perianth -> DISAMBIG 38 Cape York -> Cape York Peninsula 45 Waverley -> DISAMBIG 46 Honeyeaters -> Honeyeater 46 Honey possum -> Honey Possum 72 Botanist -> Botany 74 Banksieae -> Grevilleoideae 74 Banksiinae -> Grevilleoideae 76 Cladistic -> Cladistics 83 Nectar -> Nectar (plant) 83 Birds -> Bird 90 ASGAP -> Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants 93 Beekeeper -> Beekeeping 96 Coaster -> DISAMBIG 140 ASGAP -> Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants 141 ASGAP -> Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants
 * 1) DONE

— Edward Z. Yang (Talk) 03:29, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Coaster is a dab/ but it also carries the definition of drink coaster there which doesnt have an article so I have delinked this page All done Gnangarra 16:31, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

Distribution map -
I had a quiet couple of hours Friday night thought I would redraw the current B&W one, I put it here for suggestions, it still needs a key etc, the colour changes were based on the area as out lined on the original. Gnangarra 16:17, 14 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Fantastic!
 * Captions:
 * Yellow: something like "South western species"
 * Maroon: something like "Eastern / south coastal species"
 * Red: "Banksia dentata".
 * Comments:
 * No Banksia species inhabit the area marked in orange. Probably this was hatched in the original to denote the Nullarbor, which may have been relevant to Mast's study because it is the arid boundary that has prevented the exchange of genetic material between east and west. It should be removed.
 * There should be a maroon spot at the bottom of the Eyre Peninsula; two "Eastern / south coastal species" occur there. The spot is on Mast's original but is hard to see.
 * I was tempted to suggest inclusion of the number of species in the captions, but decided against it because that would mean the image would have to be changed whenever a taxon is promoted to or demoted from species rank.
 * Mental note that this should be captioned "Distribution of Banksia in Australia", not just "Distribution of Banksia", because B. dentata also occurs in New Guinea and the Aru Islands, not pictured here.
 * Snottygobble 06:38, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Great map. I was thinking of doing something similar but this trumps anything I'd come up with. Banksia dentata is firmly in the eastern salicinae camp so I pesonally would put it in the same colour as them, but either way is cool..Cas Liber 09:25, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

To do
Thanks for the suggestions, any others to add to this list
 * .remove orange area.
 * .Add Eyre Pennninsula region
 * .single colour Eastern salicinae (2 shades east and dentata)

With two colour I wont lable It can be done in the description on image page or in thumb nail.

 * I don't think I agree with Cas' suggestion re: only two colours. The first thing worth saying about the distribution is that it is split into three disjunct areas that each contain only endemic species. Mast evidently thought this worth showing on his map, and I like the idea of doing so on ours. And I liked Gnangarra's use of three different colours to express this.
 * If we colour dentata the same as the eastern species because it belongs in Salicinae, don't we have to colour the western and eastern species the same because they both contain Spicigerae?
 * I like the idea of a map that uses different colours to capture the distributions of the various taxa, but I think that should be a separate map.
 * Snottygobble 11:46, 15 July 2006 (UTC)
 * On reviewing Mast's image, I notice that Mast does in fact circle the eastern species and dentata together, then separate them using a dashed line. Evidently Mast was trying to make the same point that Cas is; that dentata could be considered an extension of the eastern /south coastal distribution. Gnangarra, perhaps you could fiddle around with the possibility of showing dentata as a lighter shade of the eastern colour? e.g. west = green; east = red; dentata = light red? Snottygobble 12:06, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Hows this one look, also I've requested a speedy delete to the first version from commons. Gnangarra 13:32, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Looks great. Banksia dentata is contiguous with B aquilonia and B robur in areas of FNQ. I spoke to Alex George recently, who was actually pondering whether the gap of B dentata underneath the Gulf of Carpentaria was real or just that no-one had collected there. Anyway, I am not fussed and can see points either way. :)Cas Liber 21:30, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Actually, in terms of the eastern ones, is one of those a spot for either Carnarvon Gorge, Expedition National Park, Isla Gorge and Dicks Tableland (Eungella NP) - all are remote gorges where B spinulosa collina has been recorded - Cas Liber 21:39, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

I really dont know the map was to be a replica of the B&W one thats in the article now. Gnangarra 00:49, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

Looking at the map of Queensland, the lower of the two Central Qld dots serves to mark expedition NP. Carnarvon Gorge should be about 0.5cm due west of it. Eungella is marked as well. I think Isla Gorge is marked by the dot just above the dot for expedition NP. I haven't tried editing someone else's commonsCas Liber 22:19, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

If I can make a suggestion, the two reds are far too similar, if you look at X11 colours on Web colors, I'd probably choose two with more contrast, like red and dark red.--Peta 00:43, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Added Carnarvon Gorge, I think the closeness of the colour is preferred as the two areas aren't truely seperate just a variant in climatic conditions. Gnangarra 07:11, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Ripper, right on she goes.... Cas Liber 08:14, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

Australian Honeysuckle Trees
Is this really a common name for Banksia? I've never heard of it, and googling for "Australian Honeysuckle Tree" turns up only six pages, most of which use the name to refer specifically to B. baueri or B. speciosa. I have removed it from the intro; feel free to revert if you think I'm wrong. Snottygobble 11:57, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

It is a very old term, you see it in use about 50 years ago. Realistically I have not heard anyone use it since the 1960s Cas Liber 21:26, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

 * George used it in The Proteaceae of WA (1984), though it dont remeber the exact phrasing but it a general term to cover the proteaceae family Gnangarra 02:08, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Cultural refs
The ANBG emblem features B. marginata, someone might want to add the factoid here or on the species article.--Peta

Bat
This photo might be good in the article if someone can identify the bat or the banksia.--Peta 01:07, 21 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks Peta; it's Banksia ericifolia (Heath-leaved Banksia). We could certainly use it at Banksia ericifolia and Ecology of Banksia. Snottygobble 01:10, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Image
You might find this image useful

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mt_henry_peninsula_banksia.JPG

thanx --talk to symode09's or Spread the love! 01:55, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Species count
I just noticed this article still only refers to about 80 species, Gnangarra 12:56, 17 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Yeah, this article has not yet been dryandrified. There is plenty more dryandrification needed than just updating the species count. :-( Hesperian 12:59, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

Perfomance Artist Banksia
So. . . is someone going to mention this guy? Robert Downey, Jr. claimed to be him at the Oscars; and surely, that is the reason that this was the featured article today, right? Shocking Blue (talk) 23:21, 2 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Um... are you talking about Banksy? Hesperian 00:00, 3 March 2011 (UTC)

Photo of books
Does a photo of books make any sense? If these are - as the legenc claims - "Some of the better known books on the genus", they should have been used in the references. If they have not, then it begs the question as why not, seeing that they are "Some of the better known books on the genus". If they have not been used/ cited/ referenced in the article, but we still would like to preserve the information, would it not make more sense to type out name and author and add somewhere? I've seen pages with "Further reading" sections, such as here - don't know how accepted this practice is or if it is something that has been discontinued. Rui ''Gabriel'' Correia (talk) 17:39, 5 February 2014 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 08:56, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Banksia. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080310141432/http://asgap.org.au:80/banksia.html to http://asgap.org.au/banksia.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080316005750/http://asgap.org.au:80/banksSG/index.html to http://asgap.org.au/banksSG/index.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:03, 25 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Banksia. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060923024518/http://users.bigpond.net.au/macarthuraps/new%20grevilleas.pdf to http://users.bigpond.net.au/macarthuraps/new%20grevilleas.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://asgap.org.au/banksia.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://asgap.org.au/banksSG/index.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 17:08, 14 July 2017 (UTC)

Temperature requirements?
What temperatures are needed for banksia trees? I live in the southern USA, so I wonder about the possibility of planting a banksia tree here? Are thy frost tolerant? Pete unseth (talk) 14:55, 23 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Banksia


text:
Salon-de-Provence Air Base

Salon-de-Provence Air Base (Base aérienne 701 Salon-de-Provence or BA 701) is a base of the French Air and Space Force (Armée de l'air et de l'espace) located 4 km south Salon-de-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône in southern France.

Overview
It hosts the training facilities for the officers of the air force:
 * Patrouille de France
 * Équipe de Voltige de l’Armée de l’Air
 * Escadron de Formation des Navigateurs de Combat 1/93
 * Centre de Formation à l'Aéronautique Militaire Initiale 5/312
 * Escadron D'Instruction en Vol 3/5 Comtat Venaissin
 * Escadron D'Instruction en Vol 2/93 Cévennes
 * Escadron D'Instruction au vol à Voile Sainte Victoire
 * École de l'air: for young students
 * pilot commissioned officers
 * mechanics commissioned officers
 * air base commissioned officers
 * École militaire de l'Air: gives access to the same careers as the École de l'Air, for non-commissioned officers who want to become commissioned officers
 * air commissary school
 * special course of the École de l'Air: for foreign officers
 * special course of formation of officers

In addition, it hosts a school of the French Navy: the school of Naval Aviation (EAN).

World War II
Salon-de-Provence Air Base is a pre-World War II airfield, which was used by the Armée de l'Air during the early part of the war. It was briefly a base for RAF Bomber Command Wellingtons, which were sent to Salon from England, for raids on the Italian port of Genoa, as a part of Operation Haddock. After the 1940 Battle of France and the June Armistice with Nazi Germany, it became part of the limited (Armée de l'Air de Vichy) air force of the Vichy Government. Known Vichy units at Salon-de-Provence were:
 * G.C. I/6 (1) Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighters
 * G.C. III/9  Bloch MB.152 fighters

On 11 November 1942, Salon-de-Provence Air Base was seized by Nazi forces as part of Case Anton, the occupation of Vichy and the Luftwaffe took control of the base. Under German control, the base became a bomber airfield for anti-shipping operations over the Mediterranean against American Convoys, and later, attacking Allied forces on Corsica and Sardinia after their capture from Italian forces (Regio Esercito) during 1943. Known units assigned were:
 * Kampfgeschwader 100 (KG 100), flying Heinkel He 111Hs, February–April 1943
 * Kampfgeschwader 26 (KG 26), flying Heinkel He 111Hs, May 1943-March 1944
 * Zerstörergeschwader 1 (ZG 1), flying Messerschmitt Bf 110s, May 1944
 * Primarily air defense against Twelfth Air Force B-26 Marauder medium bomber attacks on Southern France

 * Kampfgeschwader 77 (KG 77), flying Junkers Ju 88s, June–July 1944.

It was attacked on several missions by Allied bombers based in England while under German control. The airfield was sized by Allied Forces in August 1944 during Operation Dragoon, the Invasion of Southern France in August 1944 and was repaired and placed into operational use by the United States Army Air Forces XII Engineer Command, being turned over to Twelfth Air Force on 28 August 1944. It was designated as Advanced Landing Ground "Y-16 Salon".

Twelfth Air Force stationed the 27th Fighter Squadron at the repaired field from 30 August, flying A-36 Apaches until moving north into eastern France in October. Also the 47th Bombardment Group flew A-20 Havoc light bombers from the field during September.

The use by American forces of the airfield was brief, and on 20 November 1944 it was returned to French control.

title: Salon-de-Provence Air Base


text:
Talk:Lifeform

Term origin?
WordNet defines as "the characteristic bodily form of a mature organism". But, was life form/lifeform in usage anywhere prior to ~1965? Tempting as it may be to credit the term to Star Trek: The Original Series, I just want to be sure before doing so. knoodelhed 07:43, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Merge with organism?
Shouldn't this article be merged with organism? - Wintran 02:15, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, it should, and in fact it was already merged in 2006. I have now restored the redirect. -- Petri Krohn (talk) 08:42, 26 February 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lifeform


text:
Talk:Employment (album)

<^>v!!This album is connected!!v<^>

 * All song titles serve as redirects to this album, have their own pages, or have been placed at the appropriate disambiguation pages.--Hraefen Talk 18:34, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

aigars992@hotmail.com
,m,,hhhjjjj — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.7.101.68 (talk) 13:25, 12 October 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Employment (album)


text:
Talk:Murder of Anita Cobby

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Murder of Anita Cobby. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.citv.com.au/crime-investigation-australia/episodes/episode.aspx?id=8

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 07:49, 4 May 2016 (UTC)

Article Non compliance with NPOV policy
The article does not conform with Wikipedia NPOV Policy, for example it describes events as if they are fact, as this matter went to Court, I would contend that any claims should be supported by who said it, and not said in Wikipedia's Voice -- Eng. M.Bandara -Talk  09:01, 24 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Please provide specific examples of your concerns. WWGB (talk) 12:05, 25 August 2016 (UTC)
 * "Cobby was dragged into a car and raped, before being driven to a farming property at nearby Prospect, where she was dragged into a paddock and subsequently murdered." It should read something like "Australian Courts claimed Cobby was dragged into a car and raped, before being driven to a farming property at nearby Prospect, where she was dragged into a paddock and subsequently murdered." Or "According to Local Court documents....such and such" Also many of the cited material is this article is primary sources, you may be aware that Wikipedia prefers secondary sources as per policy. Are there any international reports/ analysis that could give a broader sense to the article. Right now as other users have pointed out it reads like a 'mystery novel'. -- Eng. M.Bandara -Talk  12:58, 25 August 2016 (UTC)
 * This demonstrates your misunderstanding of how the law works. The police and prosecutors made those claims. The offenders disputed the claim. The court, via the judge and jury, decided that the claims were proven beyond reasonable doubt. There was never an appeal by any of the offenders, so they accepted that it had been proven that they committed the crime. One of them pleaded guilty, thereby admitting he did those things. If you were a family member of one of the offenders, trying to say that those things didn't actually happen, then I would understand you. But I do not think you are related to this case, so why you are trying to introduce an element of doubt 30 years later is puzzling me. AtHomeIn神戸 (talk)

Consistency with Homicide articles
In order to maintain consistency with Homicide related articles, e.g Homoicide 1 and Homocide 2, I propose renaming the articles to "Homicide of...." Because the word murder has political/legal consequence attached to it, and thus may change from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, from an encyclopedic POV the word "Homicide" represents facts as it is i.e human killing human, without the politicizing and maintains an accurate general descriptions of the article. I propose all articles of this nature be given a general Name such as "Homicide of....." and discuss a proposed subheadings. -- Eng. M.Bandara -Talk  16:13, 27 August 2016 (UTC)
 * The term "homicide" has different definitions in different jurisdictions. In Australia, for example, homicide refers to the unlawful killing of another person. . Had the shooting of Trayvon Martin occurred in Australia, it may not have been a homicide as Zimmerman was not found to have acted unlawfully. As always, Wikipedia should follow the reliable sources, and not try to engineer a one-size-fits-all approach to a complex category. WWGB (talk) 05:28, 28 August 2016 (UTC)
 * The word "homicide means "Homicide occurs when one person causes the death of one other person" and can include "murder, manslaughter, justifiable homicide, killing in war, euthanasia, and execution" The definition of homicide appears to me as being quite consistent, and that is the precise reasons why I proposed this policy, to give an accurate description of the facts without the legal aspects being said in Wikipedia's voice. "The murder of ..... " appears that Wikipedia is endorsing the legal judgement, if that particular jurisdiction considers it to be murder, it should state say in the article. And thanks for your contribution about the removal profession, it appeared bit out of place to me as well, provides no relevance to the primary article. I was hesitant to remove it at first as it appeared on other articles of this nature -- Eng. M.Bandara -Talk  12:26, 28 August 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose Five men were convicted of murder; therefore Cobby was murdered. Trying to obtain some sort of consistency across every article from every jurisdiction in the world is a futile exercise. This is an article about Australians in Australia; it is entirely appropriate to use the word "murder" here because the men were tried and convicted according to law. The proposer says that using "murder" in Wikipedia's voice appears to be an endorsement of the judgment. It could just as easily be said that avoiding the word is Wikipedia's way of casting doubt upon the verdict. Without even opening any of the references used in the article, eight out of twenty use "murder" in the title (there are 23 total but three are duplicates). I'll bet my house that the word "murder" appears within every single one of the sources. AtHomeIn神戸 (talk) 02:49, 29 August 2016 (UTC)
 * "It could just as easily be said that avoiding the word is Wikipedia's way of casting doubt upon the verdict." that is precisely what I am saying, the evidence that used in courts is not and will never have conclusive assay the evidence for evolution. We have one source namely an ONE court localised to one area making a claim, I do not think that would suffice to be used in Wikipedia's voice -- Eng. M.Bandara -Talk  07:09, 29 August 2016 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, that is just ludicrous. The Supreme Court of New South Wales does not make "claims". You should step away from law-related articles. AtHomeIn神戸 (talk) 07:30, 29 August 2016 (UTC)
 * The Supreme Court of New South Wales court convicted 5 persons of Murder, that is the definition of a claim. The conviction maybe to said in WP voice provided reliable secondary sources, however, the murder is the claim. Wikipedia is not platform to assess the credibility of courts. -- Eng. M.Bandara  -Talk  07:35, 29 August 2016 (UTC)
 * How far down the slippery slope shall we take this? The Parliament of New South Wales defined murder in the Crimes Act 1900 and the Supreme Court applied that definition to the case. There are no claims here, only the application of law. Or are you going to say that the parliament only "claimed" to define the law? AtHomeIn神戸 (talk) 08:07, 29 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Parliment defined murder, the Court determined fact, it's a fact in the courts POV, not Wikipedia's. That's why the most suitable title would be homicide of Anita Cobby. Otherwise would be changing article names whenever somone lodges an appeal, new evidence comes and legal defiantion in that jurisdiction changes. It does not assit WP bring about conformity and consisity. -- Eng. M.Bandara -Talk  08:30, 29 August 2016 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, but you seem to have a fundamental misunderstanding of how things work here. The men killed Corby. They were convicted of murder, a crime defined by a legislature in a sovereign state. The media reported it as a murder, both before, during and after the conviction. You can't try and change history thirty years later because of some misguided attempt at consistency. I could make some analogies about what you are trying to do, but will not waste my time. AtHomeIn神戸 (talk) 09:37, 29 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Clearly you have some sort of sympathy towards the alleged victim here, and not addressing the actual arguments being agitated consequently you have not advanced your position on this matter. I'd like see some other inputs from other editors. -- Eng. M.Bandara -Talk  11:34, 29 August 2016 (UTC)
 * OK, here is another input. The scum who killed Cobby were cotal tunts who broke her fingers and almost decapitated her. They slaughtered her without compassion and will rot in gaol. If you don't think that was murder then you are a fool. Your behaviour is bordering on trolling. I strongly suggest you move on to another project where your opinions may have some value. "Alleged" victim? You are an idiot. Got it? WWGB (talk) 11:54, 29 August 2016 (UTC)
 * And there we have it, give someone enough rope and they'll hang themselves, your true colours and sympathy for the alleged victim are on display now. Your description of them being scum e.tc is irrelevant, you may say it was murder, I say it's natural selection, but the point is neither opinions are an accurate representation of the facts but rather an opinion of it. I'm trying to maintain consistency and represent facts of a similar nature articles globally in an accurate, consistent and encyclopedic POV without editorializing. Thanks for your contribution looking for further uninvolved editors inputs. -- Eng. M.Bandara  -Talk  12:28, 29 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Zzzzzz ..... WWGB (talk) 12:34, 29 August 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose - per Article titles - Generally, article titles are based on what the subject is called in reliable sources, and per WP:COMMONNAME - Wikipedia generally prefers the name that is most commonly used (as determined by its prevalence in a significant majority of independent, reliable English-language sources). Sources in support of my position: convicted of...murder - raped and murdered - brutal gang rape and murder - brutal murder - THE RAPE and murder of Anita Cobby - savage murder.-- Isaidnoway (talk)  18:45, 29 August 2016 (UTC)
 * So then lets change the article to Brutal Murder, Rape, and knife wounded Anita cobby? as per RS despite WP is not a news paper, I'm sure you wouldn't support those views because that would be called editorializing. We are not here to judge whether murder, rape, genocide, treason or wearing a blue shirt is evil/bad/good as per For example, an article should not state that "genocide is an evil action", but it may state that "genocide has been described by John X as the epitome of human evil.. At the end of the day to state that this was murder as a fact is plain incorrect, whats fact is that this was a homicide, whats opinion is that it was murder.  -- Eng. M.Bandara  -Talk  02:02, 30 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Again, it is not "opinion" that it was murder. The state's government has defined murder here. After a 54-day trial, it was proven that it was a murder. 54 days of evidence, argument and finally, a decision. There were lawyers trying very hard to argue that it was not murder, but they failed. Did they try to appeal that decision to a higher court? No, they accepted the fact that they were found to have murdered the victim. In fact, one defendant even admitted that he committed murder by pleading guilty before the trial. There is simply nothing more to say on this topic.
 * It is difficult to assume good faith with you when your first edit after being away from Wikipedia for more than one year was to try and label Obama a founder of ISIS. Nobody took that seriously and the discussion was closed 15 hours later. I think it is time to shut this one down too, because it is clearly going nowhere. AtHomeIn神戸 (talk) 02:45, 30 August 2016 (UTC)
 * It is also difficult to assume good faith in discussion when we have editors sentimental to the subjects death with comments such as "The scum who killed Cobby were cotal tunts who broke her fingers" this is about Wikipedia policy, not Australian laws, 'Australians laws' have no jurisdiction of on Wikipedia. All I am attempting to do is apply WP policy to the article(s) and try to achieve some sort of consistency and neutrality from a global perspective. The article does say that she was " begging her attackers to let her go, saying she was married and also menstruating", I think the argument the classify this death has a part of 3.5 billion years natural selective process is as strong as to classify it as murder. She was menstruating i.e able to reproduce, she clearly failed the achieve that outcome and was consequently placed her offspring the archives of extinction. Whatever genetic traits she had clearly was not adapt to the environment she lived in and was ultimately unable to reproduce. And please do not bring other RfC's into this discussion, the other RfC was healthy discussion, I admit dailymail is not RS as per Wikipedia policy, and the discussion ended fruitfully, and an idea was brought, it was tested, and failed the test and the discussion was closed. Stop attacking me, and attack my argument. Out of the these three options for the article, which describes facts and not opinion.

'''# 1. The Murder of Anita Cobby # 2. The omission of Anita cobby by Natural selections # 3.The homicide of Anita Cobby''' .  -- Eng. M.Bandara  -Talk  03:31, 30 August 2016 (UTC)
 * , #2 is obviously trolling and disruptive editing. Consider this a formal warning. --Neil N  talk to me 03:47, 30 August 2016 (UTC)
 * [|Murder as a process of natural selections]. Source to support my view, I think it ought to be included. -- Eng. M.Bandara -Talk  03:51, 30 August 2016 (UTC)
 * , again, the title you proposed as option #2 is wildly inappropriate and can easily be seen as trolling. If you cannot see this then you should consider if you possess the competence to edit here and make some adjustments before that option is taken away from you. --Neil N  talk to me 03:59, 30 August 2016 (UTC)
 * I am not saying it is appropriate, and I'm trying illustrate the precise opposite of that, that is not an appropriate title because it is an opinion as is to call it murder. The most appropriate title would be homicide.-- Eng. M.Bandara -Talk  04:07, 30 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Thank you for admitting you were trolling. Now stop it. --Neil N  talk to me 04:12, 30 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Just because you don't like what I'm saying doesn't mean i'm trolling. Look at the contribution I made to this article and various others. My intention is to improve WP. All the best I'm done here, clearly some people just don't have the intellect to understand what i'm saying or just prefer to stick their heads in the sand. -Marking RfC for closure consensus unable to be reached -- Eng. M.Bandara -Talk  06:18, 30 August 2016 (UTC)
 * A clear consensus was reached; everyone opposed your suggestion. If you want to improve WP, which I believe you do, then you should stick to what you know, which is not articles about Australian law. AtHomeIn神戸 (talk) 06:21, 30 August 2016 (UTC)

Current status of perpetrators
Are the perpetrators all still alive and imprisoned? Has there been any talk of their eventual release since the judge's recommendation at sentencing? The article does not say anything about them after the trial. Wyddgrug (talk) 16:57, 20 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Murder of Anita Cobby


text: Template:Montreal landmarks

title: Template:Montreal landmarks


text:
Antiphrasis

Antiphrasis is the rhetorical device of saying the opposite of what is actually meant in such a way that it is obvious what the true intention is.

Some authors treat and use antiphrasis just as irony, euphemism or litotes.

When the antiphrasal use is very common, the word can become an auto-antonym, having opposite meanings depending on context. For example, Spanish dichoso originally meant "fortunate, blissful" as in tierra dichosa, "fortunate land", but it acquired the ironic and colloquial meaning of "infortunate, bothersome" as in ¡Dichosas moscas!, "Damned flies!".

Etymology
Antiphrasis is a Greek word which means 'opposite words'.

Antiphrasis as euphemism
Some euphemisms are antiphrasis, such as "Eumenides" 'the gracious ones' to mean the Erinyes, deities of vengeance.

Examples

 * "Take your time, we've got all day", meaning "hurry up, we don't have all day".
 * "Tell me about it", in the sense of "don't bother, I already know".
 * "Great!", an exclamation uttered when something unpleasant had happened or is about to happen.

title: Antiphrasis


text:
Wertpapierkennnummer

The Wertpapierkennnummer (WKN, WPKN, WPK or Wert) is a German securities identification code. It is composed of six digits or capital letters (excluding I and O), and no check digit.

Changes in format
There have been several changes in the WKN definition:
 * WKN were switched from numeric to alphanumeric on 21 July 2003
 * The first 2–4 Letters may show the issuer of the Instrument.
 * Until March 2000, the WKNs were divided into different number ranges that represented different types of securities (e.g., stocks, warrants, funds, etc.).

The WKNs and DE-ISINs are provided by WM-Datenservice.

WKNs may be obsolete in future, since they may be replaced by International Securities Identification Numbers (ISINs).

Spelling and meaning
Like most very long German words, Wertpapierkennnummer is a compound word: Wert-Papier-Kenn-Nummer, if translated literally, means value–paper–identification–number (Wertpapier = financial security; Kennnummer = identification number).

Before the German spelling reform of 1996 the correct spelling was Wertpapierkennummer with only two consecutive n's, since the orthography rules allowed the same consonant three times in a row only under special circumstances. Since the reform, the spelling has been Wertpapierkennnummer with three consecutive n’s.

title: Wertpapierkennnummer


text:
Kissing Point, New South Wales

Kissing Point is a point on the Parramatta River about 2 km south of Ryde, located in the suburb of Putney. Historically, the name referred to a much wider area than the current-day point; and perhaps originally to the point near Ryde Bridge where Settlers Park is now located, and where a 1948 brass plaque by the Council states.

Origin of the name
Several possibilities have been suggested for the origin of the name "Kissing Point". One is that the name was given because the area of water around it was the furthest up Parramatta River that heavily laden vessels could reach before their keels "kissed" the bottom. Another, more romantic possibility is the area was popular for picnics and that Governor Hunter may have had a kiss in return for his chivalry on one such occasion. A third is that Governor Hunter rowed up the river on a journey of exploration, had breakfast at Breakfast Point, and rowed across the river to Kissing Point where he kissed his wife goodbye before proceeding on his journey.

Settlement
The area was inhabited by the Wallumedegal people prior to European Settlement.

When the area was first settled by European colonists it was known as Eastern Farms. Land grants were made to 10 emancipated convicts in 1792. By 1794 the name had given way to Kissing Point. In the early 19th century the name was applied to an area including the current day Ryde, Putney and Gladesville.

One of the emancipists was James Squire who brewed the colony's first beer and became a wealthy business man. He grew hops in the area and established a brewery and a tavern on the location just west of the current-day Kissing Point. A plaque to James Squire is erected on the site.

Kissing Point was also an important source of fruits and vegetables for the early colony.

Bennelong died in the area. He was buried on the property of James Squire, near to the point.

Kidman and Mayoh's Shipyard established to build freight ships to replace freight fleet post World War I. A disastrous outcome, as the two ships built here were not commissioned, and were burnt and sold for salvage. Halvorsen's ships located where James Squire's original wharf stood. Halvorsen's made ships for World War II.

Current day
Kissing Point is in the Parish of Hunters Hill in the County of Cumberland. and is in the suburb of Putney.

Kissing Point is home to two wharfs; one at Bennelong Park and the other constructed off the very tip of the peninsula, the Sydney Ferries Kissing Point Wharf. Sydney Ferries operates a regular service to the Sydney CBD from the Kissing Point Wharf. Sydney Buses service 507 operates nearby. The closest stop to the wharf is in Charles Street near Phillip Street.

There is a boat launching ramp adjacent to the Kissing Point Wharf with associated trailer parking. The point is a landmark on the Parramatta Valley Cycleway.

title: Kissing Point, New South Wales