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A.V. Fomin Botanical Garden

The A.V. Fomin Botanical Garden (sometimes translitterated as O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden) is one of the oldest botanical gardens in Ukraine, located in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. In 1839 the Saint Vladimir Imperial University of Kyiv opened its own botanical garden. The botanical garden is 22.5 hectares (0.225 km2), with 8,000 plant species, including 143 recorded in the Red Data Book of Ukraine. The Garden is famous for its exotic plants: it has the biggest collection of succulents among the countries of the former Soviet Union. The greenhouse, which was built for the largest and the oldest palm trees in Northern Eurasia, is among the highest in the world. In 1935, the garden was named after the academician and botanist Aleksandr Vasiljevich Fomin, who directed the garden for years. The vestibule of the Kyiv Metro station Universytet, is located on the northern edge of the garden, which was opened in 1960.

History
Architect V.I. Beretti who as well known by his project of Kyiv University, was the first who raised issue of botanical garden establishment in 1834. He proposed to place the garden on the waste territory near the university buildings. For this purpose, from Kremenets Lyceum (Kyiv) 513 plants were brought, that were temporarily placed in the Tsar (now City) garden. However, due to lack of funds, the garden establishment was postponed for 5 years. Only in 1839 the Kyiv school district administration gave permission for a temporary Botanical Garden to start under the direction of Head of the botany department of Kyiv University Ernst Trautvetter, who then managed the Botanical Garden in the position of director.

The official date of the Kyiv Botanical Garden establishment is 22 May 1839, when E. Trautfetter started the first plantings. In 1841 the garden received its permanent status. In 1850 design and layout of the garden were completed. By 1852 there were 25,416 trees and 419 species of shrubs, as well as more than 4,000 species of other plants in the garden.

1941-1943, during the Nazi occupation, many precious plants from the collection were lost. Some plants were transported to Germany. In the spring of 1944 the garden was reopened to the public, the restoration of greenhouses and plant collections started.

In 1960, the garden was declared an artifact of landscape art of the national importance.

In 1977, a greenhouse-climatron was built at the Garden, that was one of the largest in the world at that time.

Directors

 * 1852 – 1879 — University professor Afanasiy Rogovich.
 * 1879 – 1894 — a prominent botanist, the Botany professor Johannes Theodor Schmalhausen headed the Botanical Garden.
 * 1894 – 1914 — Sergei Navashin. He is associated with remarkable discoveries in the field of cyto-embryology of the plants, that made the Garden and the Kyiv University famous worldwide.
 * 1914 – 1935 — Alexander Fomin (1867 – 1935). Fomin and his colleagues shared the ordeals of the First World War and the Civil war. However, they not only managed to preserve the fragile tropical plants in times of economic chaos, but also to build three new greenhouses, and repaired the tropical house. In 1922 Aleksander Fomin founded the botany department at Botanical Garden, that was reorganized in 1927 into Scientific-Research Botany Institute (now the Institute of Botany named after Kholodny, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine). When Fomin died in 1935, the Garden received his name.

Interesting facts

 * In 1874, Kobzar Ostap Veresai performed his songs for the participants of the Archaeological Congress held at the Botanical Garden.
 * In 1908 – 1913 the Botanical Garden housed a zoo.

title: A.V. Fomin Botanical Garden


text:
Elmer Davis

Elmer Holmes Davis (January 13, 1890 – May 18, 1958) was an American news reporter, author, the Director of the United States Office of War Information during World War II and a Peabody Award recipient.

Early life and career
Davis was born in Aurora, Indiana, the son of a cashier for the First National Bank of Aurora. One of his first professional writing jobs was with the Indianapolis Star, a position he held while attending Franklin College. A brilliant student, Davis received a Rhodes Scholarship to Queen's College, Oxford in 1910. His stay in England was cut short when his father fell ill and eventually died. Davis met his wife, Florence, in England.

Upon his return to America, Davis became an editor for the pulp magazine Adventure, leaving after a year to work as a reporter and editorial writer for The New York Times. For the next decade, Davis reported on stories ranging from pugilist Jack Dempsey to evangelist Billy Sunday. It was his coverage of Billy Sunday that gained him notoriety. Davis later left The New York Times and became a freelance writer.

Davis' best-known work is History of the New York Times, 1851–1921 (New York: The New York Times, 1921).

Davis' 1924 novel I'll Show You the Town was made into a film released in 1925. In 1928 he published the novel Giant Killer, a retelling of the Biblical story of David.

Radio
In August 1939, Paul White, the news chief at CBS, asked Davis to fill in as a news analyst for H. V. Kaltenborn, who was off in Europe reporting on the increasingly hostile events. Davis became an instant success. Edward R. Murrow later commented that one reason he believed that Davis was likeable was his Hoosier accent, which reminded people of a friendly neighbor. By 1941, the audience for Davis' nightly five-minute newscast and comment was 12.5 million.

On June 1, 1941, Colgate-Palmolive-Peet began sponsoring seven-days-a-week newscasts by Davis on CBS. The program was carried on 95 stations from 8:55 to 9 p.m., Eastern Time. Johns Manville also sponsored the broadcasts.

Office of War Information
Davis spent two and a half years reporting the news on radio and gaining the trust of the nation. Then, in 1942, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt appointed Davis as the director of the newly created United States Office of War Information, a sprawling organization with over 3,000 employees. Even though Davis was being paid $53,000 per year from CBS, he left the network to work in government during the crisis of World War II.

As Director of the Office of War Information, Davis recommended to President Roosevelt that Japanese-Americans be permitted to enlist for service in the Army and Navy and urged him to oppose bills in Congress that would deprive Nisei of citizenship and intern them during the war. He argued that Japanese propaganda proclaiming it a racial war could be combated by deeds that counteracted this. Davis has been termed one of the "unsung forefathers" of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, an all-Nisei combat unit in the war.

Davis was also instrumental in loosening censorship rules that forbade the publication of images of dead GIs on the battlefield. Until late 1943, the U.S. Office of Censorship only permitted the media to publish images of blanket-covered bodies and flag-draped coffins of dead U.S. soldiers, partly for fear that Americans would be demoralized if they had any graphic understanding of the human price being paid in the war. The government also restricted what reporters could write, and coverage was generally upbeat and bloodless.

Davis believed that the American public "had a right to be truthfully informed" about the war within the dictates of military security. He asked President Roosevelt to lift the ban on publishing photographs of dead GIs on the battlefield on the grounds that the American people needed to appreciate the sacrifices made by their young men. Roosevelt agreed. Life published a photograph taken by George Strock of three American soldiers who were killed on the beach during the Battle of Buna-Gona, the first photograph published that depicted American soldiers dead on the battlefield. Censorship was loosened, but the media was still forbidden from showing the faces of the dead or the insignia of the units they belonged to.

Postwar career
Following the war, Davis continued his career in radio on ABC. Davis used the platform to criticize Senator Joseph McCarthy for his anti-communist investigations.

Davis was one of the four journalists who portrayed themselves in the 1951 film The Day the Earth Stood Still, and he was the host and narrator of the ABC television series, Pulitzer Prize Playhouse (1950–52), which won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series.

He was a longstanding member of The Baker Street Irregulars, the literary society dedicated to keeping green the memory of Sherlock Holmes.

On June 29, 1952, the Washington Post published a two-page essay by Davis, which he opened by questioning "how long will these former Communists and former sympathizers abuse the patience of the vast majority which had sense enough never to be Communists in the first place?" He cited their "arrogance" as the most "irritating thing" about them. He specifically mentioned Whittaker Chambers, who at that time was testifying before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee.

Davis retired from broadcasting in 1953 after suffering a heart attack.

Death
Davis died in May 1958 of complications from a stroke.

Legacy
Davis was considered to be one of the greatest news reporters of the mid-20th century, on a level with Edward R. Murrow. Among the many awards Davis received were three Peabody Awards, including an award during its inaugural year. Foreign governments also recognized Davis when he was inducted into the Dutch Order of Orange-Nassau and the Czechoslovak Order of the White Lion, among others.

In 1946, Davis received the Alfred I. duPont Award.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Elmer Davis


text:
Jutland (board game)

Jutland is a naval board wargame published by Avalon Hill in 1967 that simulates the Battle of Jutland in the North Sea during World War I. Upon its release, Jutland was commended for its gameplay and mechanics, but criticism surrounded the complex rules and playing time.

Background
During World War I, Britain's naval forces had successfully blockaded German access to the North Sea and the Atlantic. The German High Seas Fleet was not powerful enough to face the British Grand Fleet, but in late May 1916, German Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer took the fleet to sea, hoping to lure a portion of the British fleet within range of the entire German fleet and destroy it. Instead, although the Germans sank a number of British battlecruisers, the entire German fleet itself was lured within range of the British fleet, resulting in the only major fleet-to-fleet action of the war. Although British forces lost more ships that the Germans during the battle, the German fleet withdrew back to their bases and never seriously threatened the British blockade again.

Description
Jutland is a 2-player game, one player controlling the British Grand Fleet, and the other player controlling the German High Seas Fleet. The game does not use a hex grid map, but rather uses measurements made by rulers or tape measures, similar to miniatures wargames. This requires a flat surface of at least 4 ft x 5 ft (1.3 m x 1.5 m).

Components
The 1967 game box contains:
 * "Battle Manual" rulebook
 * "Easy-to-Follow" instructions
 * 102 die cut counters
 * various cards and player aids
 * pad of British Hit Records and Fleet Search maps
 * pad of German Hit Records and Fleet Search maps
 * six-sided die

Gameplay
The game operates at both a strategic level during the search phase, and a tactical level once the fleets have engaged.

At the strategic level, the players use pencil marks on a hex grid map of the North Sea to search for the other fleet.

Once the fleets have found each other, the game switches to the tactical level, which has no map board. Instead, fleets of die-cut counters are placed at scale distances from each other, much like a miniatures wargame. Ships move at scale speeds using special rulers provided in the game box, and firing ranges are determined by rulers or tape measures. The game provides custom rulers for determining movement.

Victory conditions

 * The British win as soon as German losses in capital ships are more than three times those of the British; or if all German capital ships retreat back to port and the British do not lose more capital ships that the Germans.
 * The Germans win as soon as they sink just as many British capital ships as they themselves lose; or if the British fail to drive all German capital ships back to port within 30 hours of being spotted by the British.
 * A draw occurs if neither side meets their victory conditions, or neither side returns to port before they reach their refuelling time limit.

Publication history
Jutland was Jim Dunnigan's first wargame. In 1966, he was editor of a wargame zine titled Kampff, as well as a contributor to Avalon Hill's house publication The General. In one of his contributions, Dunnigan levelled major criticisms of lack of historical accuracy at Avalon Hill's 1965 release, Battle of the Bulge. Thomas Shaw, at the time in charge of Avalon Hill, asked Dunnigan to design and submit his own wargame. The result was Jutland, published by Avalon Hill in 1967. Although Jutland initially sold well, the editors of The General were deluged with questions about the new game system. Enthusiasm for the complex game quickly died down, and Avalon Hill discontinued it. Dean E. Miller attributed this to the game's complexity, which, in the early days of board wargaming, was "just too tough for the mass market."

In 1969, after designing other games for Avalon Hill including 1914, Jim Dunnigan went on to found Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI), which would become the major wargame publisher of the 1970s and Avalon Hill's chief rival.

Avalon Hill tried to revive Jutland by revising the rules to address some of the complexities, and released the second edition in 1974. Once again, the game initially sold well, but dropped into obscurity by the end of the 1970s.

Jutland 's rules were reimplemented in Lensman (1969), the first sci-fi theme wargame.

Reception
In Issue 4 of the UK magazine Games & Puzzles, (August 1972), game designer Don Turnbull noted that "Jutland players tend to wear out the knees of their trousers crawling round the dining room floor." For those who shared a home with parents or a spouse, he warned "The game is interesting and exciting, but can be lengthy and yet another source of annoyance in the happy home." He concluded, "It is, of course, a must for naval enthusiasts." Several issues later, Turnbull added, "There's a lot to be said for Jutland — it is most interesting as a team game, with four or five commanders per side, each commanding a task force."

In A Player's Guide to Table Games, John Jackson noted that a large surface was needed ("a basketball court is perfect") and warned "You may object to crawling around on the floor, and the carefully plotted formations are particularly vulnerable to dogs, cats, children and other natural hazards." Nevertheless he concluded, "for all that, even the advanced rules are logical and easy to understand, and it's fun."

In his 1977 book The Comprehensive Guide to Board Wargaming, Nicholas Palmer thought the rules revisions of the second edition improved a number of small points. He thought the hidden movement of the search procedure was "well done", but noted the "many complex rules [that] govern the tactical combat and engagement procedure." He concluded by warning that the games were long, saying, "Six hours plus: plenty of time for naval buffs to get their teeth into, but a bit different from normal wargames."

In the 1980 book The Complete Book of Wargames, game designer Jon Freeman called Jutland "a novelty" but admitted "it has taken its share of flak since." He thought the game had flaws, especially that "the strategic half of the game [...] is anticlimactic at best; the game doesn't get going until the ships are placed on the maneuvering surface." He did warn that the game "requires a great deal of time and room; formations are subject to disruptions by pets, children, or a misplaced foot." However, Freeman concluded by giving an Overall Evaluation of "Good", saying, "It's fun, and the 'feel' of naval warfare is unmatched by any other game of the modern period."

In the July 2000 edition of The Boardgamer, Alan Arvold said that in 1967 Jutland was responsible for "turning the wargaming hobby on its ear. Here was a game with no game board, unheard of at the time." However, Arvold thought the 1974 second edition was a weaker game, suggesting that the rules revisions "really took more out of it than it left in."

Henry Lowood called Jutland "a scholarly treatise in the form of a game." He ascribed the game's complexity to game designer Jim Dunnigan's penchant for historical accuracy at the cost of playability, saying, "Dunnigan's commitment to historical simulation trumped easy game play."

Other recognition
A copy of Jutland (1967 edition) is held in the collection of the U.S. Navy Department Library.

Reviews

 * Moves #24, p11-12

title: Jutland (board game)


text:
List of Yes, Dear episodes

The following is a list of episodes for the American sitcom television series Yes, Dear. The series ran on CBS from October 2, 2000 to February 15, 2006, with a total of 122 episodes produced, spanning six seasons.

title: List of Yes, Dear episodes


text:
1925 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1925.

Excavations

 * Kaminaljuyu Mayan site, by Manuel Gamino.
 * Kültepe in Turkey, by Bedřich Hrozný.
 * Excavations in Gibraltar by Dorothy Garrod begin (continue to 1926).
 * October - Tin Hinan Tomb in the Sahara located and opened by Byron Khun de Prorok.
 * December - Complete excavation of the Great Sphinx of Giza by Émile Baraize begins (continues to 1936).

Publications

 * John Beazley - Attische Vasenmaler des rotfigurigen Stils
 * V. Gordon Childe - The Dawn of European Civilization.
 * Aleš Hrdlička - The Old Americans.

Finds

 * July 13 - "Venus of Dolní Věstonice" at Dolní Věstonice in Moravia.
 * October 28 - Howard Carter reveals the golden death mask of Tutenkhamun.
 * Ennigaldi-Nanna's Museum at Ur is discovered by Leonard Woolley.
 * "Venus of Savignano" near Savignano sul Panaro in Italy.
 * "Galilee skull" in Mugharet el-Zuttiyeh.
 * The Aurignacian settlement site at Breitenbach in Saxony-Anhalt is discovered by local schoolteacher E. Thiersch.
 * Belgic pottery at Swarling, Kent.
 * Makapansgat pebble in South Africa.

Births

 * January 22 - John Davies Evans, English archaeologist and academic (d. 2011)
 * April 24 - Leslie Alcock, English archaeologist (d. 2006)
 * November 14 - James Mellaart, British archaeologist. (d. 2012)

Deaths

 * February 4 - Robert Koldewey, German archaeologist (b. 1855).

title: 1925 in archaeology


text:
User talk:Shah andre

Hi.

Recently, in Overclock you changed:

 * Generally it is possible to make a component quieter or faster, but both is a considerable challenge.

to:

 * Generally it is possible to make a component quieter or faster, but both are considerable challenges.

You have a sharp eye, a valuable skill indeed. However, in this case, I think the original might have been more correct.

The point in the original is that doing fast and quiet is hard, whereas the new version says to me that fast or quiet (on their own) is the hard bit.

Anyway, I can see how the original was flawed too, so how does this hit you:

 * Generally it is possible to make a component quieter or faster, but 'achieving both on the same system is a considerable challenge.

WikianJim 17:31, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Thank you, that sounds about right to me.

shah andre 14:41, 21 July 2005 (EST)

title: User talk:Shah andre


text:
Neil Smelser

Neil Joseph Smelser (1930–2017) was an American sociologist who served as professor of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was an active researcher from 1958 to 1994. His research was on collective behavior, sociological theory, economic sociology, sociology of education, social change, and comparative methods. Among many lifetime achievements, Smelser "laid the foundations for economic sociology."

Biography
Smelser was born in Kahoka, Missouri, on July 22, 1930. He received his undergraduate degree from Harvard University in 1952 in the Department of Social Relations. From 1952 to 1954, he was a Rhodes scholar at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he studied economics, philosophy, and politics and was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree. During his first year of graduate school at the age of 24, he co-authored Economy and Society with Talcott Parsons, first published in 1956.

He earned his Doctor of Philosophy degree in sociology from Harvard in 1958, and was a junior fellow of the Society of Fellows. He was given tenure a year after graduating from Harvard and joining Berkeley. and, at the age of 31, he was the youngest editor of the American Sociological Review in 1961, just three years after coming to Berkeley.

He was the fifth director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences from 1994 to 2001. He retired in 1994 when he became an emeritus professor and died in Berkeley on October 2, 2017.

Awards and honors
Over his career, Smelser received many prestigious awards and prizes.

1968 American Academy of Arts and Sciences

1993 National Academy of Sciences

1993 Berkeley Citation

1995 Elected President of American Sociological Association

2000 Ernest W. Burgess Fellow of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.

2002 Mattei Dogan Foundation Prize for Distinguished Career Achievement from the International Sociological Association.

American Philosophical Society

Theory of Collective Behavior
In Theory of Collective Behavior, Smelser offers a unified theory of collective behavior. It differs from the European social-psychological research on crowd psychology by Gustave Le Bon, Wilfred Trotter, William McDougall, and Sigmund Freud. It also breaks with the American tradition of Edward Alsworth Ross, Robert E. Park, and Herbert Blumer.

As part of his theory, Smelser used the concept of value-added as a metaphor to describe how collective actions occur. Smelser's value added theory (or strain theory) argued that six elements were necessary for a particular kind of collective behavior to emerge:
 * Structural conduciveness - things that make or allow certain behaviors possible (e.g. spatial proximity)
 * Structural strain - something (inequality, injustice) must strain society
 * Generalized belief - explanation; participants have to come to an understanding of what the problem is
 * Precipitating factors - spark to ignite the flame
 * Mobilization for action - people need to become organized
 * Failure of social control - how the authorities react (or don't)

Economic sociology
Smelser was a proponent of economic sociology, an interdisciplinary field that links sociology and economics.

In The Sociology of Economic Life (1963), Smelser defines the field of economic sociology "as the sociological perspective applied to economic phenomena." Smelser contrasts economic sociology to mainstream economics in terms of (1) their concept of the actor, (2) their concept of economic action, (3) their sense of constraints on Economic Action, (4) their view of the relationship between the economy and society, (5) their goals of analysis, (6) the models they employ, and (7) their intellectual tradition.

Neil J. Smelser and Richard Swedberg's edited volume The Handbook of Economic Sociology (1994; 2nd edition in 2005) is credited with "consolidat[ing] the field of economic sociology."

The comparative method
Smelser wrote some important early works on the comparative method in the social sciences. In Comparative Methods in the Social Sciences (1976), Smelser shows how classic studies of Alexis de Tocqueville, Émile Durkheim, and Max Weber relied on the comparative method.

Smelser's work on the comparative method influenced a key text on the comparative method by Arend Lijphart.

Publications

 * Parsons, Talcott, and Neil J. Smelser. 1956. Economy and Society: A Study in the Integration of Economic and Social Theory. London: Routledge.
 * Smelser, Neil J. 1959. Social Change in the Industrial Revolution: An Application of Theory to the British Cotton Industry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
 * Smelser, Neil J. 1962. Theory of Collective Behavior. New York: Free Press.
 * Smelser, Neil J. 1963. The Sociology of Economic Life. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall.
 * Smelser, Neil J. 1968. Essays in Sociological Explanation. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall.
 * Smelser, Neil J. 1976. Comparative Methods in the Social Sciences. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall.
 * Smelser, Neil J. (ed.). 1988. Handbook of sociology. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications.
 * Smelser, Neil J. 1991. Social Paralysis and Social Change: British Working-Class Education in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
 * Smelser, Neil J., and Richard Swedberg. (eds.). 1994. The Handbook of Economic Sociology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
 * Smelser, Neil J. 1998. The Social Edges of Psychoanalysis. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
 * Smelser, Neil J. 1998. "The Rational and the Ambivalent in the Social Sciences: 1997 Presidential Address". American Sociological Review Vol. 63, No. 1: 1-16.
 * Smelser, Neil J., and Paul B. Baltes (eds.). 2001. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 26 volumes. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
 * Smelser, Neil J., and Richard Swedberg. (eds.). 2005. The Handbook of Economic Sociology, Second Edition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
 * Smelser, Neil J. 2013. Dynamics of the Contemporary University: Growth, Accretion, and Conflict. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
 * Smelser, Neil J. 2014. Getting Sociology Right: A Half-Century of Reflections. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Resources on Smelser and his research

 * King, Judson, Victoria Bonnell, and Michael Burawoy. 2017. "In Memoriam. Neil Joseph Smelser. University Professor. Professor of Sociology, Emeritus. UC Berkeley, 1930-2017".
 * Ormrod, James S. 2014. "Smelser’s Theory of Collective Behaviour", pp. 184–99, in James S. Ormrod, Fantasy and Social Movements. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
 * Smelser, Neil J. 2011-2012. "Neil Smelser: Distinguished Sociologist, University Professor and Servant to the Public." Interviews conducted by Jess McIntosh and Lisa Rubens in 2011-2012.
 * Social Science Space. 2017. "The Constant Diplomat: Neil Smelser, 1930-2017."
 * Sullivan, T.J., Thompson, K.S. (1986), "Collective Behaviour and Social Change" in Sociology: Concepts, Issues and Applications, Chapter 12. MacMillan, New York.
 * Swedberg, Richard, 1990. Economics and Sociology: Redefining Their Boundaries: Conversations with Economists and Sociologists. Princeton; Chapter 11 on Neil Smelser.

title: Neil Smelser


text:
Vaasa (disambiguation)

Vaasa is a city in Finland.

Vaasa may refer to:

 * Vaasa Airport, located south-east of Vaasa city
 * Vaasa Arena, located in Vaasa city
 * Vaasa University of Applied Sciences, polytechnic university in Vaasa city
 * Vaasa Oy, a former publishing and printing house now owned by Ilkka-Yhtymä Oyj
 * Vaasa (electoral district), a constituency represented in the Finnish Eduskunta (parliament)
 * Vaasa Province, a province of Finland disbanded in 1997
 * Vaasa granite, a garnet-bearing granitoid
 * 1507 Vaasa, an asteroid
 * Vaasa (Forgotten Realms), a fictional kingdom in Forgotten Realms

title: Vaasa (disambiguation)


text:
Chromatic button accordion

A chromatic button accordion is a type of button accordion where the melody-side keyboard consists of rows of buttons arranged chromatically. The bass-side keyboard is usually the Stradella system or one of the various free-bass systems. Included among chromatic button accordions are the Russian bayan and Schrammel accordion. There can be 3 to 5 rows of vertical treble buttons. In a 5 row chromatic, two additional rows repeat the first 2 rows to facilitate options in fingering.

Comparing the layout to the piano accordion, the advantages of a chromatic button accordion are the greater range and better fingering options. On the other hand, some fingering positions require twisting of the wrist and the aspect of alternative fingering patterns may stunt one in sessions of difficult sight reading.

Throughout the former Yugoslavia a 6-row chromatic button layout is used based on the B system. It is referred to as dugmetara.

History
Early accordions were bisonoric instruments resembling modern diatonic button accordions. The first unisonoric accordions were built in Russia in the first half of the 1840s, with chromaticism not appearing until the 1850s. There are several conflicting claims of the invention of the first chromatic button accordion. The first chromatic button accordion may have been constructed as early as 1850 by Franz Walther, in 1870 by Nikolai I. Belobodorev, or as late as 1891 by Georg Mirwald. Many early chromatic button accordions were similar in design to the schrammel accordion. As the Stradella bass system would not be invented until later, these accordions often employed systems that would be considered unusual on a modern chromatic accordion, such as bisonoric bass buttons. Early chromatic button accordions were less popular than their diatonic counterpoints and unstandardized. The modern chromatic button accordion, featuring the Stradella bass system, was patented in 1897 by Paolo Soprani, with the assistance of Mattia Beraldi and Raimondo Piatanesi. Its production and sale by Paolo Soprani helped globally spread and standardize the chromatic button accordion.

title: Chromatic button accordion


text:
Talk:Pat McCrory

SunCrow's disputed edits
Per WP:BRD, I have reverted edits by SunCrow which fail to reflect the cited reliable sources and bizarrely claim that gender identity is a "nebulous concept" - that's not what sources say. NorthBySouthBaranof (talk) 03:29, 21 December 2019 (UTC)
 * There is nothing nebulous about the term. Furthermore, it's absolutely essential to mention transgender individuals in the context of the bathroom bills (as shown by all RS coverage on the issue), even if SunCrow refuses to recognize their existence. Snooganssnoogans (talk) 03:59, 21 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Per WP:NPOV, I continue to object to the slanted language contending that HB2 "prevent[ed] transgender people who have not altered their birth certificates from using the restroom consistent with their gender identity". That entire clause should be removed, and the sentence should simply read, "It declared that in government buildings, individuals may use only the restrooms that correspond to the sex on their respective birth certificates". Also, no one said anything about not recognizing anyone's existence. Finally, given the fact that there are apparently now 54 different gender identities (see https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/gender-identity-terms), I seem to be on very firm ground pointing out that gender identity is a nebulous concept. SunCrow (talk) 04:13, 21 December 2019 (UTC)
 * An article which discusses and defines 54 different terms related to gender identity does not support your claim that "there are 54 different gender identities." Please don't misrepresent sources. NorthBySouthBaranof (talk) 04:34, 21 December 2019 (UTC)
 * You're absolutely right, NorthBySouthBaranof. A closer review of the source shows that it lists a total of 41 different gender identities, not 54. I was off by 13. Shame on me. I will now proceed to punish myself by (a) eating only vegan food for a week; and (b) watching Rachel Maddow on a nightly basis until my head explodes. SunCrow (talk) 17:05, 21 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Gender identity is a term that has been defined by demographers and used in the collection of national census data. I'm quite confident that it is less "nebulous" than many concepts you use on a daily basis. Newimpartial (talk) 18:04, 21 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Stop bothering me. I'm busy with my self-imposed penance. Binge-watching Rachel Maddow right now. My head hasn't exploded yet, but I feel the pressure building... SunCrow (talk) 19:02, 21 December 2019 (UTC)

American Swiss Foundation
Who removed from article? https://www.americanswiss.org/members/alumni-in-leadership-positions/ Wikipietime (talk) 14:50, 6 June 2021 (UTC)

Alumni, of Foundation, in Leadership Positions, per ASF website Wikipietime (talk) 14:56, 6 June 2021 (UTC)

McCrory is alumni Wikipietime (talk) 14:58, 6 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pat McCrory


text:
1924 in archaeology

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1924.

Excavations

 * February 12 - Howard Carter opens the sarcophagus of Tutankhamun. Two days later, he closes the tomb in protest against the actions of the Egyptian authorities.
 * March 1 - Discovery and subsequent start of excavations at Glozel.
 * Work at Dolní Věstonice in Moravia begins under direction of Karel Absolon.
 * 20-year project at Chichen Itza by the Carnegie Institution and Harvard University begins under direction of Sylvanus G. Morley.
 * Excavations at Qatna by Robert du Mesnil du Buisson begin.
 * Excavation of Indus Valley civilisation site at Mohenjo-daro by Kashinath Narayan Dikshit (following survey by M. S. Vats) begins.

Publications

 * Francis Haverfield - The Roman Occupation of Britain, being six Ford Lectures (published posthumously).
 * Alfred V. Kidder - An Introduction to the Study of Southwestern Archaeology.

Finds

 * The Beeston Tor Hoard, an Anglo-Saxon jewellery and coin hoard, discovered at Beeston Tor in Staffordshire, England.
 * Bab edh-Dhra discovered.

Miscellaneous

 * Alexander Keiller purchases Windmill Hill, Avebury.
 * Francis Llewellyn Griffith appointed first professor of Egyptology in the University of Oxford.
 * The Nefertiti Bust (excavated in 1912) is first displayed to the public, as part of the Egyptian Museum of Berlin.
 * Storms sweep away a portion of the Neolithic settlement at Skara Brae on Mainland, Orkney (Scotland).

Births

 * Elisabeth Munksgaard, Danish prehistorian (died 1997)

Deaths

 * June 14 - Jacques de Morgan, French archaeologist (born 1857)

title: 1924 in archaeology


text:
User:Chairman Dave

Hi, I'm Dave. I'm new here, but I'm excited with the possibilities Wikipedia poses for the free exchange of information and ideas.

title: User:Chairman Dave


text:
Uragami Gyokudō

Uragami Gyokudō or Urakami Gyokudō (浦上玉堂 1745, Kamogata, Okayama - October 10, 1820) was a Japanese musician, painter, poet and calligrapher. In his lifetime, he was best known as a player of the Chinese seven-string zither, the guqin, but people came to appreciate his paintings after his death. His art features strong brushwork, often in patterns of strokes that build up a strong rhythm, and they reflect his musical compositions in relying on a limited number of possibilities that build up to powerful compositions. His Snow Sifted Through Frozen Clouds (紙本墨画凍雪篩雲図 shihon bokuga tōunshisetsuzu) is recognized as a National Treasure.

After working as a samurai for the Ikeda daimyō, he left his position for ideological reasons to devote himself to travel and the arts. He named his sons ""Spring Qin" and "Autumn Qin." Gyokudō was expert in calligraphy, featuring clerical and running scripts, and he was a fine poet in Chinese.

One of his music works, the Gyokudō kinpu 玉堂琴譜, is available online

An excerpt is available Uragami Gyokudō and the chinese zither guqin based on the book Tall Mountains and Flowing Waters; The Arts of Uragami Gyokudō by Stephen Addiss, Univ. of Hawaii Press, 1987, ISBN 0-8248-1039-2.

title: Uragami Gyokudō


text:
Rails Day

Rails Day is a competition which gives teams of developers 24 hours to build the best web app that they can using Ruby on Rails.

The first competition was held on June 4, 2005.

2005 Winners
Out of 55 Entries that qualified:

 * 1) Sheets by Robert John Bousquet and Cyrus Farajpour
 * 2) YubNub by Jon Aquino
 * 3) Fichebowl by Brandt Kurowski, Ben Tucker, and Aaron Michal

2006 Winners
Out of 183 Entries (only 127 actually committed anything to SVN):

Best Overall

 * 1) Freckle (#65) by Amy Hoy and Elise Wood.
 * 2) Good to Garden (#40) by Will Emigh and Rory Starks.
 * 3) Cuppin (#33) by Peat Bakke and Raymond Brigleb.

Best Solo Project

 * 1) Rails Wishlist (#174) by Hampton Catlin.

Best User Interface

 * 1) WeRateStuff (#18) by Fred Oliveira, Tiago Macedo and Pedro Freitas.
 * 2) D20 Online (#47) by Tom Leiber, Jeff Mickey and Javier.
 * 3) C.umul.us (#59) by Jae Hess.

Most Creative

 * 1) Awesome Ninja Game (#182) by Tobias Lutke, Cody, and Daniel.
 * 2) Family Book (#19) by Lucas Carlson and John Butler
 * 3) Roomind.us (#119) by Dominic Damian, Ben Myles and Chris Abad.

Most Useful

 * 1) Heartbeat (#103) by Charles Brian Quinn and Derek Haynes.
 * 2) Regex Tutor (#61) by Ryan Bates.
 * 3) Profilr (#84) by Terence Haddock and Mark Chadwick.

Related competitions

 * Rails Rumble

title: Rails Day


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Badnawar

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy deleted by Geogre --Tony Sidaway Talk 10:25, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Badnawar
non-notable PhilipO 17:33, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Incontrovertible evidence

Incontrovertible evidence and conclusive evidence (less formally, concrete evidence and hard evidence) are colloquial terms for evidence introduced to prove a fact that is supposed to be so conclusive that there can be no other truth to the matter; i.e., evidence so strong it overpowers contrary evidence, directing a fact-finder to a specific and certain conclusion.

A "conclusive evidence" clause may be included in a contract or deed of guarantee, having the effect of showing that, in the absence of manifest error, the guarantor is liable to deliver on their guarantee when their obligation is triggered. The Court of Appeal ruled in IIG Capital LLC v Van de Merwe (22 May 2008) that wording in a deed of guarantee, stating that "A certificate in writing signed by a duly authorised officer ... stating the amount at any particular time due and payable by the Guarantor ... shall, save for manifest error, be conclusive and binding on the Guarantor for the purposes hereof" bound the guarantor despite the otherwise "strong presumption" against a guarantee being treated as a demand bond or guarantee payable on demand, and the Commercial Court in England and Wales ruled on the effect of a similar clause in the case of Carey Value Added S.L. v Grupo Urvasco SA in 2010. Conclusive evidence clauses are interpreted strictly by the courts, with any ambiguity being resolved in favour of the guarantor.

title: Incontrovertible evidence


text:
Robert Norman

Robert Norman was a 16th-century-English mariner, compass builder, and hydrographer who discovered magnetic inclination, the deviation of the Earth's magnetic field from the vertical.

Work
Robert Norman is noted for The Newe Attractive, a pamphlet published in 1581 describing the lodestone (magnet) and practical aspects of navigation. More importantly, it included Norman's measurement of magnetic dip, the incline at an angle from the horizon by a compass needle discovered by Georg Hartmann in 1544. This effect is caused by the Earth's magnetic field not running parallel to the planet's surface. Norman demonstrated magnetic dip by creating a compass needle that pivoted on a horizontal axis. The needle tilted at a steep angle relative to the horizon line.

Magnetic inclination and local variations were known before Robert Norman, but his pamphlet had a greater influence than the earlier work.

The crater Norman on the Moon is named in his honour.

title: Robert Norman


text:
Talk:Myriophyllum aquaticum

I found your article to be very interesting. I have never heard of parrot feather, or seen them for that matter. I just copied and pasted your article so I could draw your attention to grammatical questions I had. They are just suggestions. I put them in bold. I thought that would be easier than trying to explain where they were in the article.

Parrot feather is also commonly called water milfoils. Its scientific name is Myriophyllum aquaticum(italiciaze). Parrot feather is a flowering vascular dicot. The leaves of this plant have a waxy cuticle and are made up of four to six whorls. The leaves are feather like, hence the name parrot feather. This plant grows leaves both below and above water. The leaves above water can reach heights of up to one foot. Submersed leaves are usually very limp and are about 1-3 centimeters in length, compared to the 2-5 centimeter length leaves above water. Parrot feather is native to the Amazon River in South America, but can now be found worldwide. It is thought that this plant was introduced to North America around the 1800’s. It is found mostly in the southern parts of the United States because it likes a warmer climate. Parrot feather is a fresh water plant and can be found in lakes, ponds, and streams. Parrot feather is a perennial plant. As the water warms in the spring, parrot feather begins to flourish. Most of these plants flower in the spring, but some also flower in the fall. Flowers of this plant are very small and white in color. Almost all plants of this species are female'''. In fact,''' there are no male plants found outside of South America. Seeds are not produced in any North American plants. Parrot feather reproduces asexually. New plants grow from fragments of already rooted plants. Parrot feather is now used for indoor and outdoor aquatic use. It is a very popular plant in aquatic gardens. Unfortunately, in outdoor ponds, lakes, or streams, where this plant has taken root, problems can occur due to its presence. There is not a real predator to the parrot feather plant, so it tends to grow out of control in some areas. The plant is often too hard or tough for most water grazers to eat. In its native habitat some insects feed on this plant'''. In its''' introduced habitats only a hand full of predators have been found, and research does not show any considerable damage. In Florida, a flea beetle was found to use parrot feather as a host for its larvae. Some problems that can be found due to its over growth are the killing off of algae, mosquito larvae habitat, causes problems in irrigation and drainage, and restriction of water recreational activities. Herbicides have not been found to be very useful in controlling its growth, and cutting it seems to make it spread and grow more. In Connecticut parrot feather is considered invasive and has been banned.

I also thought you might want to look at the end of paragraph 3. It sounds kind of choppy and I didn't know if you could find a way to smooth it out. Also in the last paragraph, the sentence that starts with "Some problems that can be found..." is a little confusing. You might want to break it up. In the beginning of the article you say the leaves grow above and below water but you tell the reader that before you say it grows in water. You might think about switching the first and second paragraphs because the second paragraph gives a great intro to the plant. The only content question I had was that you say the leaves above water can reach heights of 1 foot but later you say they are only 2-5 cm long. I hope this is helpful. You gave a lot of great information and it is clear you did your research. You also used a lot of teminology from class...whorls, perennial, asexual reproduction, etc. Great job!!!

Editing
I forgot to say who I was when I gave you my comments. This is Lara from your Bio online class:)

External links modified (February 2018)
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Suggestion moving information from 'habitat' to introductory paragraph
Most of the plant/tree pages I've been reading have the information on where the plant/tree is native and its distribution, including if it's recognised as an invasive species, in the introductory paragraph. May I suggest for consistency that the information from the "habitat" section be moved to the introductory paragraph.

Tzali (talk) 12:26, 6 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Myriophyllum aquaticum


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Incontrovertible evidence

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. --Tony Sidaway Talk 11:21, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Incontrovertible evidence
Dictionary or should be merged PhilipO 17:35, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. No articles on Conclusive evidence, Conclusion of fact, or Conclusion of law.  It is needed both for Law categories and Logic. nobs 17:45, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong keep ... and mathematics too.
 * Abstain Not so sure anymore after all. --R.Koot 19:19, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete . Dicdef, not clearly explained anyway, and the notions from law, philosophical logic, and mathematics, are distinct among them.  I'd change to "keep" if the article could be fleshed out to explain various notions of what constitutes "incontrovertible evidence", debate over whether there's such a thing, and if all of this were sourced. --Trovatore 20:40, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I just noticed that the article is new as of today; that seems a bit early to put it on VfD.  Probably should have been marked  ; then I'd have been more patient.  I'm leaving my delete vote for now, but I'll watch developments and consider. --Trovatore 20:53, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Change my vote to keep, for now. R. Koot has put on a stub notice and promised to write the article.  I'm assuming article can be renominated if improvements aren't satisfactory --Trovatore 23:29, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * back to delete, per other discussion --Trovatore 04:31, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand Give notable term time to grow. Xoloz 04:55, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with evidence. Adjectivizations do not generally warrant their own article. Radiant_ >|< 14:19, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Copyvio, from here. But since someone said they'd work on it, I'll hold off a bit. -Splash 18:21, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment so the "copyvio" seems at odds with what I was thinking, which was close to "original research". But is there some lawyer who can comment on whether "incontrovertible evidence" is a genuine legal term of art, as opposed to (as I had assumed) a mere rhetorical flourish?  If it doesn't have a meaning not obviously apparent from its constituent English words, then I want to change my vote back to "delete". --Trovatore 01:54, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * That's exactly what I was wondering which was why I took it to Google instead of one of those silly online encyclopedias. My conclusion was that it probably is not a proper legal term, since that was the only earlyish Google that treated that way. I think I might drop a message to User:BD2412, as I understand he's a lawyer. -Splash 02:27, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. This appears to be a hyperbolic dicdef. It is indeed not a proper legal term - I'm not aware of any case ever ascribing a particular meaning to the term, and it does not appear in the pocket Black's Law Dictionary; the proper legal term is conclusive evidence (defined primarily as "evidence so strong as to overbear any other evidence to the contrary"). However, I abstain from voting as I am not so sure that the article should not exist as a philosophical distinction. -- BD2412 talk 02:42, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment:Conclusive evidence is exactly the definition I was looking for when I created the article; this was the only defintion I could find, but would be very much interested in the other term. Thank you. nobs 02:55, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Merge with evidence. -- Naive cynic 08:04, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: Evidence is a disambiguation page - I presume the above merge votes are thinking of either Evidence (law), or Scientific evidence (which redirects to Scientific method. -- BD2412 talk 14:19, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * merge and rewrite as copyvio, Law Dictionary as this seems to be a proper legal term. This the antithesis of rebuttable evidence. and is used in Supreme Court cases, CRIST, WARDEN, ET AL. v. BRETZ ET AL., BOARD OF SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS OF THE CITY OF INDIANAPOLIS ET AL. v. JACOBS ET AL., etc. Mmmbeer 17:51, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Todd O'dowd

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy deleted by Delirium. --Tony Sidaway Talk 10:53, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Todd O'dowd
Notability not established 66.216.68.28 17:36, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Marlino

Hi! My name is Marlino Cano. I am an electrical engineer. I have worked most of the time in telecommunications. I live in Canada, my mother tongue is Spanish, however I prefer English to communicate. My interests are sports, traveling, reading and learning new things.

title: User:Marlino


text:
1960 in archaeology

Excavations

 * "Cave of Letters" at Nahal Hever in the Judaean Desert.
 * Fishbourne Roman Palace, West Sussex.
 * Floors excavated at the Una Vida great house, Chaco Canyon.
 * Cape Gelidonya shipwreck excavation, by Peter Throckmorton, George F. Bass and Frédéric Dumas, begins.
 * August: Excavations at Castle Tower, Penmaen, in Wales begin, led by Leslie Alcock of University College Cardiff. Further small-scale work is undertaken at the site the following year and the results published in 1966.

Publications

 * Glyn Daniel - The Prehistoric Chamber Tombs of France.

Finds

 * Helge Ingstad and Anne Stine Ingstad find apparent Viking site at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland.
 * Tomb of Princess Yongtai found in Qianling Mausoleum, China.
 * Azykh Cave is discovered by Mammadali Huseynov in Azerbaijan.
 * November 4 - OH 7, first fragments of Homo habilis, discovered by Jonathan Leakey at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania.
 * Statue of Athena Demegorusa in Nicopolis, western Greece.

Events

 * Chemical tests indicate that the Etruscan terracotta warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, are modern fakes.

Births

 * April 21 - Nicholas Thomas, Australian-born British archaeologist of Oceania
 * May 11 - Pál Sümegi, Hungarian geoarchaeologist
 * September 1 - Eric H. Cline, American Classical archaeologist
 * Timothy Taylor, English archaeologist

Deaths

 * February 20 - Leonard Woolley, English archaeologist (b. 1880)
 * March 11 - Roy Chapman Andrews, American explorer (b. 1884)
 * May 13 - Antonios Keramopoulos, Greek archaeologist (b. 1870)
 * October 6 - Karel Absolon, Czech archaeologist (b. 1877)

title: 1960 in archaeology


text:
John G. Walker

John G. Walker may refer to:

 * John George Walker (1821 - 1893), Confederate general in the American Civil War
 * John Grimes Walker (1835 - 1907), United States Navy admiral

title: John G. Walker


text:
User:Insouciance

I've been doing little bits of editing for a while, but thought I'd get a user account so I could interact with the community if needed.

My motivation for editing is general frustration when I see blatant inaccuracies and omissions in articles. I feel like that with many traditional reference works too, but at least with a Wiki-based system I can actually do something about it, even if my contribution can be only a tiny part of such a huge project.

title: User:Insouciance


text:
User:Nickgoldfish

I tend not to edit much; seeing as my 'serious' interests are American law and legal theory, I feel it best to wait until I'm actually through law school before I start changing things around.

Otherwise, though, man, I'm on this thing ALL THE TIME reading. I get lost here, seriously.

title: User:Nickgoldfish


text:
Talk:Social marketing

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 14 January 2019 and 6 May 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Ryankerr918.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:38, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

It's totally different, D00D
Important to not confuse commericial marketing with social marketing - the primary aim of social marketing is 'social good' - so the central ethical questions in its use focus on : a) how is the 'social good' defined . b) who is involved in the 'defining'.

How was social marketing first applied in the 1970s? --Mereda 07:24, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

This article should contain some cross-references to marketing in general and to propaganda, with which SM is largely synonymous. Some reference to rhetoric and memetics may also be relevant. ?

Last link
Isn't the last external link (The Turning Point Social Marketing National Excellence Collaborative) pretty much an ad?

Web 2.0 Marketing
I have heard the use of Web 2.0 Applications for the purpose of marketing referred to as Social Marketing. I don't know how commonly used it is, but I think it should be mentioned in it's own section. 69.19.14.43 (talk) 02:19, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

Similar definition
Can we improve the introductory para somewhat ? Please click here for a similar definition

Sanjiv swarup (talk) 06:15, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

I agree that the introductory para needs work. I propose that the second para be moved up to first. Then the original para needs rewrite. It has a sentence that comprises half of the entire para, and the fog level is way too high. It takes a PhD with 5 years' experience to decipher. ˜˜˜˜ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sanitman (talk • contribs) 02:17, 18 March 2017 (UTC)

 * I am all for making it clearer and shorter. The only thing I would say is ensure that the very first sentences starts with "Social marketing is...", or something like that. If you have important references please also add those (either by putting them in the lead or by mentioning them in the main text; some people don't put references in the lead, others do. If the lead is a summary of the article then a reference is not strictly necessary although it never hurts to add some). EMsmile (talk) 11:12, 26 March 2017 (UTC)

Minor correction to a reference
Volume number was incorrect for the Kotler/Zaltman article; changed the volume from 36 to 35. ProfMontgomery (talk) 20:09, 12 November 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Can someone please explain to me why we can't add a link to the non-profit international association that aims to bring together this field?
I tried adding a link to the International Social Marketing Association (iSMA) in the external links section. Why was it removed? It is not a commercial link. This is the main organization representing this entire field, with members all over the world (numerous regional associations fall under it). They even came up with the global consensus definition of "social marketing", which at the very least should be referenced somewhere in this article.

Please explain. Mikekujawski 16:01, 21 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia isn't a link directory, commercial or non-profit is immaterial to our external linking guidelines. Also, please see WP:COI and do not add links to organizations you are affiliated with in the future, thank you. MrOllie (talk) 16:21, 21 January 2022 (UTC)

Thanks for responding, @MrOllie. I am not currently affiliated with iSMA in an official capacity. I sit on the board of SMANA, which is a regional association representing social marketing in North America. I'm assuming you deleted that particular link since I happen to sit on the board (fair enough). I only included it to hopefully entice someone to add the remaining regional associations. Most of the academics and practitioners referenced in this Wikipedia Article are members of either iSMA or one of its regional associations. How would you recommend that we go about at least adding the international association that links us all together (i.e. iSMA)? Do you not agree that it would be relevant to this article? Especially given that a rather random link from the "2005 symposium by the Advertising Educational Foundation" made it in somehow? Please clarify. Your help is much appreciated. Thanks! Mikekujawski (talk) 02:20, 26 January 2022 (UTC)
 * It is a commercial link. So-called "professional" organizations of this sort are trade associations, dedicated to making their trade more profitable, whether by lobbying or making it look more respectable or whatever else pays off. -- Orange Mike |  Talk  02:36, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

Ok, how about linking to the global consensus definition of social marketing? Would you not agree that is relevant? Also the follow-up paper to that, Global Consensus On Social Marketing Principles, Concepts And Techniques Perhaps under "further reading"? Some of the authors are already referenced there. Mikekujawski (talk) 02:45, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia isn't a link directory, and it is not a place for you to promote an organization. Local plumbers are 'relevant' to the article on plumbing, but we don't link them either. MrOllie (talk) 03:03, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

I hear you on the point of simply linking to an organization. How about editing the actual article in that case and including the consensus definition in there somewhere? I would think the link would give it credibility (at least under the "further reading" section) but if that's not permitted you could simply state all the authors. Thoughts? Mikekujawski (talk) 03:20, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

 * This isn't about finding some loophole to get a link or a mention by any means necessary. MrOllie (talk) 03:27, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

Ok, I'm not sure you're following me. Forget mentioning anyone or any organization. I'd like to edit the definition of social marketing in this Wikipedia article so that it includes more accurate content based on these papers. I can just go in and change it of course, but it would likely be removed without proper references. I thought it would be better to reference the change suggestions. Does that make sense? Mikekujawski (talk) 03:37, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

 * We don't use industry associations as sources, they're not considered to be reliable. - MrOllie (talk) 03:59, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

Ok, now we are going in circles. So instead of the organization, list individuals. This is what this Wikipedia article already does with nearly every footnote. In fact, it points to many of the same people/authors/academics that wrote the papers I'm referring to. I'm not sure how else to explain this to you. You seem to be implying that because you think an industry association is not a reliable source then its members aren't either? If that's the case, you'd have to delete the majority of this Wikipedia article. Can someone else please feed in? Perhaps actual authors of the current article? Mikekujawski (talk) 04:22, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

Take a look at this line from the reliable sources guidelines that you referred to: "Self-published expert sources may be considered reliable when produced by an established expert on the subject matter, whose work in the relevant field has previously been published by reliable, independent publications". Now have a look at the authors of the "Global Consensus Definition of Social Marketing" and "Global Consensus On Social Marketing Principles, Concepts And Technique" papers I'm referring to and you'll see many of them are published academics that are already referenced in this Wikipedia article. This makes them "reliable" sources. If you agree, let me know how best to proceed. Can I make the edit directly? If you still disagree, please clearly explain your reasoning so that others can see it (for the record). Mikekujawski (talk) 04:42, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

 * I continue to disagree, industry associations are not reliable sources. Even if we took them as self published (they clearly are not), they would still be poor sources and not worth including, especially since this is an area where higher quality sourcing is available. If you are here to build an encyclopedia and not to manufacture reasons to reference this industry association, I suggest you use papers from peer-reviewed publications. There's no shortage of such papers. - MrOllie (talk) 17:18, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

Ok, I have used your suggestion and found the following peer-reviewed journal article from Social Marketing Quarterly: "Social Marketing Comes of Age: A Brief History of the Community of Practice, Profession, and Related Associations, With Recommendations for Future Growth" Here is the abstract: "The emergence of the International Social Marketing Association (iSMA) and its affiliated regional associations is a key indicator that social marketing is maturing, both as a community of practice and as a profession. Through these associations, the international social marketing community has developed a consensus definition of the discipline and a consensus list of basic competencies for social marketing certificate programs. The associations are currently working on certification programs and a code of ethics. Continued movement toward professionalization can help social marketers be recognized and valued more highly for their relevant skills, knowledge, expertise, trustworthiness and altruism. At the same time, the discipline must address a number of key challenges and opportunities, to stay relevant and thrive". I suggest adding the abstract to the Wikipedia article or at least referencing it. Surely that now meets your requirements and adheres to Wikipedia's reliable source guidelines and posting rules? Please confirm.  Mikekujawski (talk) 19:01, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

 * No, we are not going to promote this organization. Also, 'Article commentaries' such as that one are not peer reviewed. - MrOllie (talk) MrOllie (talk) 19:05, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

Yes, you are correct on that front, the article in question is a commentary. I missed that. However, please take a look at the footnotes to the 3rd and 4th sentences in the Social Marketing Wikipedia Article that we are discussing. Can you please explain how references to "Eweek.com" and then to a broken link from "BusinessDictionary.com" are acceptable and a reference to an academic journal article that is dedicated to this topic is not? It seems like we got ourselves a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_standard#:~:text=A%20double%20standard%20is%20the,%2C%20in%20principle%2C%20the%20same.&text=A%20double%20standard%20arises%20when,be%20treated%20the%20same%20way. double standard] being applied here, would you not agree to that at least? Hopefully, others will eventually see this exchange and chime in with their thoughts. I'm simply trying to improve this article, which has broken links, various commercial pages as sources, and outdated content. Mikekujawski (talk) 19:24, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

 * No need for someone else to chime in here. MrOllie is a well respected and trusted contributor. Your definition of improving this article has so far expressed itself in attempting to promote your own organization. Very unlikely that you will find anyone agreeing with you on that approach. About the other two links you mentioned: not double standard, but just a volunteer project where not all edits can or will be scrutinized the same way. As already mentioned you didn't provide a relevant academic journal article – didn't you notice it's (co-) written by members of your organization (Lefebvre, Morgan)? That's as if we quote your website which somewhere boasts about their incredibleness as well for sure.
 * If you really are here to improve this article, then you should immediately stop your attempts at promoting your own organization. – NJD-DE (talk) 20:10, 26 January 2022 (UTC)
 * I am a PhD student at a university and my dissertation is throught the social marketing framework. Having read at least 100 articles on social marketing in the past 4 months, I see this page  needs updating. A good start would be the universally agreed upon definition of social marketing. I have at least three peer reviewed artilces that can do that. I am also very confused about Mr Ollie. Indeed this person may be a trusted contributor to wikipedia,yet the power he yields on this page is quite scary. Is this person a social marketer? Has this person published in a peer reviewed journal, or even worse, is this person pushing an agenda? Why does this person feel they are the gatekeeper to a discipline? The fact that the definition of social marketing, agreed upon globally, is somethng consciously excluded from this page as are many other elements of the social marketing framework concerns me greatly. Peer reviewed articles have already been vetted, we don't need another vetting process that stops the conscious effort to keep this page relevant. Amakris (talk) 19:16, 14 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Removing spam links once in a while hardly makes me 'the gatekeeper to a discipline', but I would accept the position if it is being offered. MrOllie (talk) 19:32, 14 September 2023 (UTC)

I'm not sure where this disconnect is coming from but you keep repeating a falsehood in that I am trying to promote a specific organization. I'm not. I just thought ISMA (and later SMQ) would be relevant and reputable sources to cite in an effort to improve some of the content/wording surrounding the definition of social marketing on this Wikipedia page. I would still be content if you at least added in the content without listing a source, although that goes against publishing guidelines does it not? ISMA's members happen to include many of the top academics in the field of social marketing, which is why many of them are already well cited on this Wikipedia page and why they happen to be referenced in the Social Marketing Quarterly (SMQ) Journal article I referred to above. Not because I am trying to promote anyone. I am of the opinion that including a reference would strengthen the integrity of the Wikipedia page rather than instill doubt as to the reliability of the source. I am sorry to hear that you seem to disagree but am glad that our discussion is on the record at least. I'm sure you deal with quite a bit of folks that are making edits with self serving intentions but I assure you that is not the case here. I wish I could somehow prove that to you so that we can find a way to constructively work together to make this page better and at least fix the content that cites broken and or outdated commercial links. Can we start there? Mikekujawski (talk) 21:09, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: COML 509: Social Media Engagement and Analysis
— Assignment last updated by Annie.shepherd (talk) 22:51, 11 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Social marketing


text:
1988 Tour de France

The 1988 Tour de France was the 75th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 4 to 24 July. It consisted of 22 stages over 3286 km. The race was won by Pedro Delgado with the top three positions at the end of the race being occupied by specialist climbers. This Tour was nearly 1,000 km shorter than the previous few editions, which were over 4,000 km, but by no means easier as it included five consecutive mountain stages including a mountain time trial.

The points classification was won by Eddy Planckaert, while Steven Rooks won the mountains classification and the combination classification. The young rider classification was won by Erik Breukink, and Frans Maassen won the intermediate sprints classification. Both team classifications were won by the PDM team. During the race, Delgado failed a doping test, but because the product was not yet on the doping list from the Union Cycliste International, he was not penalised.

Teams
The UCI had also introduced a rule that limited the number of cyclists in a race to 200. In 1987, the Tour had started with 207 cyclists, so because of this rule, the number of teams in the 1988 Tour was reduced from 23 to 22, of 9 riders, a total of 198. 22 teams were announced two weeks before the Tour. The Tour organisation named three reserve teams, in case one of the 22 teams was unable to start: Postobón–Ryalcao, Roland–Colnago and.

Of the 198 cyclists starting the race, 42 were riding the Tour de France for the first time. The average age of riders in the race was 27.56 years, ranging from the 21-year-old Jean-Claude Colotti to the 39-year-old Hennie Kuiper. The cyclists had the youngest average age while the riders on  had the oldest.

The teams entering the race were:

Pre-race favourites
The winner of the 1987 Tour de France, Stephen Roche, was unable to defend his title as he was coming back from knee surgeries. The winner from 1986, Greg LeMond, had still not fully recovered from the hunting accident that caused him to miss the 1987 Tour, and did not start this Tour. Remaining favourites were Pedro Delgado, who had finished in second place in 1987, and Andrew Hampsten, the winner of the 1988 Giro d'Italia, several weeks before the Tour.

Route and stages
The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) introduced the rule that a cycling race could not span three weekends. The Tour de France could therefore only start on Monday 4 July, and the prologue was removed. The Tour organisers were not happy with this, and they extended the Tour by adding a 'prelude' or 'preface' to the race, circumventing the rule by making it unofficial. Each team would ride for 3.8 km, and one cyclist per team would then finish one kilometre on his own. The recorded times were not used for the rest of the Tour, but the cyclist with the fastest time would wear the yellow jersey in the next stage.

The total length of this Tour was 3286 km, which was the shortest since 1906. Since 1910, Belgian cyclists had won at least one stage in every Tour, but in 1988 they did not win any stages. There was one rest day, during which the cyclists were transferred from Villard-de-Lans to Blagnac. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2115 m at the summit of the Col du Tourmalet mountain pass on stage 15.

Race overview
The prelude was won by Guido Bontempi, and the first official stage was won by Steve Bauer. Bauer lost the lead in the next stage, a Team Time Trial, to Teun van Vliet. The favourites for the overall victory did not lose time in the first stages. The individual time trial of stage six did not change that, although some outsiders (Sean Kelly and Laurent Fignon) lost two minutes.

In the eleventh stage, in hilly conditions, the first serious attacks were seen. Most contenders were able to stay in the main group, but Laurent Fignon and Jean-François Bernard lost a lot of time and were no longer seen as contenders. The twelfth stage included higher climbs. Delgado escaped on the climb of the Glandon, and he was joined by Steven Rooks. On the descent, they were joined by Gert-Jan Theunisse and Fabio Parra; the other cyclists were unable to get to them. Close to the finish, Rooks escaped and won the stage, and Delgado became the new leader of the general classification. Delgado won the next stage, an uphill individual time trial, and solidified his lead.

In the fourteenth stage, the favourites stayed together, and other cyclists were allowed to go for the stage victory. Philippe Bouvatier and Robert Millar, who had led over the previous two cols, were in the uphill sprint to win, until Bouvatier allowed himself to be misdirected by a gendarme 200 metres before the finish (at the point where the team cars were separated from the cyclists) followed by Millar, and the victory went to Massimo Ghirotto. Ghirotto offered his prize (a new car) to Bouvatier though Millar maintained he would have overhauled Bouvatier to win and told CyclingNews in 2010 that "I don't know if the gendarme was to blame, I don't think he was, I know I would have come round Bouvatier in the sprint but then I ought to have dropped him before we got to that stage".

In the fifteenth stage, Delgado increased his lead. He let Laudelino Cubino get away and claim the victory, because Cubino was no threat for the general classification, and finished in third place, gaining time on all his direct competitors. Delgado further increased his lead in the nineteenth stage, by leaving the other cyclists behind him on the final climb of the day. Delgado was aiming to win the twenty-first stage, an individual time trial, and was leading at all the intermediate check points, but lost time in the final part of the stage, finishing in fourth place. This was more than enough to secure the overall victory.

Doping
During the race, it was announced that doping tests of Pedro Delgado and Gert-Jan Theunisse indicated they had used doping products.

In Delgado's case, it was probenecid. Probenecid was a doping product according to the International Olympic Committee not yet on the doping list of the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), so Delgado was not sanctioned, and he remained the winner of the Tour. Tour director Louy tried to convince Delgado to leave the race voluntarily, but Delgado refused. Delgado admits that he took probenecid, but with the intention to assist the kidneys, not to mask anabolic steroids.

Theunisse was found to have a high testosterone-level, which was on the UCI doping list. Theunisse received a penalty of ten minutes, which dropped him from fifth place to eleventh place in the general classification.

One other cyclist was penalised during this Tour: Spanish cyclist Roque de la Cruz failed a doping test after the sixth stage, and was given the same penalty as Theunisse.

In 2013, a notebook from the team doctor of the PDM team showed that all but one of the PDM cyclist were given doping in the 1988 Tour de France.

The owners of the Tour de France thought that director Louy had handled the Delgado affair in the wrong way, and they fired him later that year. They appointed Jean-Marie Leblanc as his replacement.

Classification leadership and minor prizes
There were several classifications in the 1988 Tour de France, six of them awarding jerseys to their leaders. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.

Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists were given points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.

There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots.

There was also a combination classification. This classification was calculated as a combination of the other classifications, its leader wore the combination jersey.

Another classification was the intermediate sprints classification. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only points were awarded on intermediate sprints. Its leader wore a red jersey.

The sixth individual classification was the young rider classification. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders under 25 years were eligible, and the leader wore a white jersey.

For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that led this classification were identified by yellow caps. For the last time, there was also a team points classification. Cyclists received points according to their finishing position on each stage, with the first rider receiving one point. The first three finishers of each team had their points combined, and the team with the fewest points led the classification. The riders of the team leading this classification wore green caps.

In addition, there was a combativity award given after each mass-start stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification. Jérôme Simon won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Tourmalet on stage 15. This prize was won by Laudelino Cubino.

title: 1988 Tour de France


text:
IEC 60228

IEC 60228 is the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)'s international standard on conductors of insulated cables. the current version is Third Edition 2004-11 Among other things, it defines a set of standard wire cross-sectional areas: indent=1|

0.5 mm2

0.75 mm2

1 mm2

1.5 mm2

2.5 mm2

4 mm2

6 mm2

10 mm2

16 mm2

25 mm2

35 mm2

50 mm2

70 mm2

95 mm2

120 mm2

150 mm2

185 mm2

240 mm2

300 mm2

400 mm2

500 mm2

630 mm2

800 mm2

1000 mm2

1200 mm2

1400 mm2

1600 mm2

1800 mm2

2000 mm2

2500 mm2

In engineering applications, it is often most convenient to describe a wire in terms of its cross-section area, rather than its diameter, because the cross section is directly proportional to its strength and weight, and inversely proportional to its resistance. The cross-sectional area is also related to the maximum current that a metallic wire can carry safely.

This document is one considered fundamental in that it does not contain reference to any other standard.

Description
The document describes several aspects of the conductors for electrical cables

Class
This refers to the flexibility and thermal effects i.e temperature of a conductor.

 * Class 1: Solid conductor
 * Class 2: Stranded conductor intended for fixed installation
 * Class 5: Flexible conductor
 * Class 6: Very Flexible conductor

Size
The nominal (see below) cross-sectional area for standard conductors including the following:
 * Class 2: Minimum number of strands required to make particular conductor size
 * Class 5 and 6: Maximum diameter of any component strand of the conductor

Resistance
The maximum permissible resistance per unit length (in ohms per kilometre – Ω/km) of each conductor size, class and type (both plain copper and metal coated)

Purpose of the document
This document and its precursors were created due to a need for a standard definition of cable conductor size. The main problem being that not all copper has the same resistivity value, so, for example, a 4 mm2 conductor from two different suppliers may have different resistance values. Instead this document describes conductors by their nominal size, determined by resistance rather than physical dimensions. This is a key distinction as it makes a standardized definition of conductors based solely on their electrical characteristics.

Almost all characteristics of conductors, resistance, current carrying capacity etc. are dependent on the physical dimensions of the conductor. However this document allows an easy reference whereby the standard conductor sizes and reference to physical dimensions are maintained but given an exact meaning in terms of the electrical characteristics of a conductor.

title: IEC 60228


text:
Template talk:POV section

Possible changes
Possible change--add variable to allow for direct linking to dispute section on talk. Syntax:.

 * [[Image:Stop hand.png|30px|Stop!]] The neutrality of this section is disputed. Please view the article's talk page section.

The problem is the backlog of section tags without the variable. -SV|t 17:40, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm going to change it to, so that only if there is a variable will the section thing occur. AndyZ t 23:44, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

What about linking the Neutral Point of View so that it looks like
 * [[Image:Stop hand.png|30px|Stop!]] The neutrality of this section is disputed. Please view the article's talk page section.

to make it consistant with the other NPOV templates? I'm going to be bold and change it, but please revert if you disagree (and say why!) Cursive 15:42, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Image
Please replace the current image with this one: Image:Emblem-scales.svg. Thanks -- penubag  (talk) 03:39, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

 * [[Image:Yes check.svg|20px]]Y Done - Nihiltres { t .l } 13:48, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Thank you, but you wouldn't mind scaling the image down to 42px? -- penubag  (talk) 00:08, 23 April 2008 (UTC)
 * ✅ Happy‑melon 11:51, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

Call Template:POV
I've changed the template into a call to POV, to reduce redundancy. Superm401 - Talk 18:19, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Protection template
Please add  to the template itself, inside the  tags, of course. I added it to the documentation, but since the documentation page is used on other - non-protected - pages as well, that wasn't the correct solution. Thank you, Debresser (talk) 14:11, 5 June 2009 (UTC)
 * ✅ — Martin (MSGJ · talk) 14:42, 5 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks again. :) Debresser (talk) 14:48, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

Please add Dutch and French interwiki links
In Dutch: Sjabloon:NPOV-gedeelte

In French: Modèle:Désaccord de neutralité

(The French box for npov doubles as both for article use and for section use)

Thanks. (We really need a way for users to update the non-problematic parts of locked pages) Gronky (talk) 00:49, 30 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Does the person who locked this page read the Talk page? Gronky (talk) 10:29, 16 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Probably not. That's normally what the editprotected template is for, to attract admins to make such uncontroversial changes. However, in this case you can simply do it yourself. Most protected templates pull their documentation, ctegorization, and interwiki links from the documentation subpage, in this case Template:POV-section/doc, which is unprotected. Amalthea  11:21, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

 * That worked. Thanks for explaining it to me. Gronky (talk) 19:35, 5 January 2010 (UTC)

Section template
Section templates are generally small=left, so that should be added to this template

Please add to the template. (and add a to Template:POV to make this possible on this template.)
 * small=
 * small=

76.65.128.198 (talk) 05:57, 21 December 2011 (UTC)
 * ✅ on this page, please request other templates separately to enable proper audit trail. Stifle (talk) 15:24, 23 December 2011 (UTC)
 * request has been added there. 76.65.128.132 (talk) 06:09, 28 December 2011 (UTC)
 * It might just be me, but it seems that this is defeating the purpose. It's not floating it left, it's remaining in a block. This takes a relatively unobtrusive template that stays vertically small, and forces it to take up an obscene amount of vertical space for something that could easily remain on one line. I think it was much better before. 75.154.115.110 (talk) 12:14, 30 December 2011 (UTC)
 * The text can be adjusted to take account of that. Still, the chosen format for section templates is for that appearance. 76.65.128.132 (talk) 13:14, 31 December 2011 (UTC)
 * I agree. There is no practical way to workaround this bad design choice. Make the box float, or revert the change. I will put in an edit request to revert if needed. Int21h (talk) 12:59, 5 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Why not just adjust the text like other section templates do?
 * "This section's neutrality is disputed. (Discuss) Do not remove until resolved."
 * clearly a shorter statement is available. 76.65.128.132 (talk) 07:37, 7 January 2012 (UTC)
 * For example:

 * 76.65.128.132 (talk) 07:41, 7 January 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 11 January 2012
Please revert back to the October 4, 2010 version. With the exception of expand-section, all of the section templates are displayed in the larger format. There was no consensus for this change. Alpha_Quadrant   (talk)  18:35, 11 January 2012 (UTC)

Alpha_Quadrant   (talk)  18:35, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅. The Blade of the Northern Lights  ( 話して下さい ) 01:40, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

Edit request on 14 March 2012
In the 1st part of the template documentation, it says "sorry but... KAMAN WAS HERE" Can you remove that? I think that's vandalism. Thanks, Agent 78787  talk  contribs 17:22, 14 March 2012 (UTC)

Pass through talk parameter
Add the parameter |talk = to the invocation of POV, so that the talk parameter will be passed through, allowing one to specify the relevant talk page section containing discussion. - htonl (talk) 16:31, 5 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done as uncontroversial. Callanecc (talk • contribs • logs) 07:58, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

There appears to be some problem with linking to a specific talk page section. As I understand it, inserting should make the words "talk page" in the banner link directly to #FOO on the talk page. Instead, no matter what I type as the first unnamed parameter, those words seem to link to #.23. The same thing happens if the first parameter is missing. After noticing this with previews in article space, I tested out various options at User:Cnilep/Sandbox, but always got the same link to #.23. Cnilep (talk) 03:33, 6 April 2014 (UTC)

 * I'm folding this comment into the earlier section, since that change might have caused this behavior. Cnilep (talk) 03:37, 6 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Eureka – I think. The problem may not be with the template but with the documentation. Rather than an unnamed first parameter or a 1= parameter, the talk page section needs to be specified with talk=talk page section name. I will update the documentation. You can simply mark this request as answered if I'm right, or fix whatever I did if I'm wrong. Cnilep (talk) 05:55, 6 April 2014 (UTC)
 * You're correct: as coded, the talk page section needs to be specified with talk. Thanks for fixing the documentation. The odd thing is that 1 is coded in separately, but there is no parameter "1" in the parent template, so nothing passes through to it. Hmm...  Little Mountain  5  07:41, 6 April 2014 (UTC)

Add subsection parameter
Can you add a  parameter? Qwerty284651 (talk) 23:46, 5 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Template talk:POV section


text: Category:Hungarian heavy metal musical groups


text:
Down-with-Imperialism Union

The Down-with-Imperialism Union (DIU; ) was allegedly founded on 17 October 1926 in Hwatian County, Kirin, China, in order to fight against Japanese imperialism and to promote Marxism–Leninism. It is considered by the Workers' Party of Korea to be its root and foundation and its creation is celebrated every year.

History
North Korean or sympathetic sources  claim that the organization was founded and led by Kim Il Sung, who would have been fourteen years old at the time.

However, most scholarly sources identify Ri Chongrak, a radical militant as the founder of the Down with Imperialism Union also known as Down with Imperialism Alliance.

In 2016, in particular, the DIU received special attention, especially on 18–19 October. This included dramas, singing of songs in a Pyongyang plaza, "dancing parties" of students and youth, and wreaths laid at the graves of revolutionary martyrs to commemorate the founding of the revolutionary organisation, saying that it was the origin of the ideas of Juche. Additionally, commemorative stamps were released, a national meeting was held at the People's Palace of Culture attended by "senior party, state and army officials... labour innovators and bereaved families of the revolutionary martyrs," a national art exhibition opened at the Korean Art Gallery, and members (and workers within) the General Federation of Trade Unions of Korea commemorated the occasion. A poster was even issued by Workers' Party of Korea to "mark the 90th anniversary of the formation of the Down-with-Imperialism Union (DIU)."

According to the North Korean newspaper Rodong Sinmun, in 2016, many people such as the chairperson of People Unity-"Kyrgyz El" Republican Political Party in Kyrgyzstan, the secretary general of Bangladesh Jatiya Party, the chairperson of the Juche Idea Study Society in India, the chairperson for the Juche Philosophy Study Committee in India, high-ranking individuals in the Pakistan-Korea Friendship Association, the National Committee for the Study of the Juche Idea of the Democratic Republic of the Congo all praised the developments of the Workers' Party of Korea and celebrated the DIU's anniversary.

Claimed Juche connection
On 17 October 1982, Kim Jong Il honoured the DIU with a speech. In the speech he said that its formation meant that the Korean people had "embarked on a new road of development and our Party [Workers' Party of Korea] began to strike its glorious roots." He went on to explain the accomplishments of his party in defending the country from the American imperialism and claimed that it had promoted the idea of Juche, which, in reality, was first expressed in 1955 at the earliest in Kim Il Sung's speech entitled On Eliminating Dogmatism and Formalism and Establishing Juche in Ideological Work. He also said that Kim Il Sung began the DIU with a programme to engage in "anti-Japanese national-liberation struggle relying on the masses", that its formation was the "fresh start for the Korean communist movement and the Korean revolution... the beginning of the struggle to found a new type of party," and added that "The Korean communist movement... pioneered the revolutionary road under the banner of the DIU."

Doubts on its existence
The story of Down-with-Imperialism Union first appears in North Korean literature in Minjogŭi t'aeyang Kim Il-sŏng changgun [Sun of the People, General Kim Il Sung] by North Korean author Baik Bong. 10 years later in 1978, in the Complete History of Korea, the story has been lengthened with its meaning evaluated to the point of "the turning point of modern history of the Korean nation", however, no mention of such incident of such significance is found in any literature before 1968.

It is suspected that the real owner for such anti-Japanese activities was the Gilheuk Peasant Union in Manchuria led by Lee Jong-rak which participated in anti-imperialist activities and thus, was named the "Down with Imperialism Union".

Commemorative coins
In 1996 and 2016 the Central Bank of DPRK issued commemorative coins commemorating the 70th and 90th anniversaries of the Formation of the DIU.

title: Down-with-Imperialism Union


text:
User talk:Joemc72

Judge Crater
Thank you for your excellent work at the Joseph F. Crater article. This story continues to amaze me, and hopefully the recent developments will allow this article to continue to be flushed out. Far too often stories from this era are forgotten in favor of the new cable news era media coverage. Just look at the size of the Natalee Holloway article. BigGuy219 18:24, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Tookie Bear
I hang out on the current events pages. I had a lot of fun with Hurricane Katrina, just watching the contribs roll in and laughing at the edit wars. I was brand new to wiki then and wasn't willing to step up. I think I broke out of that mold, eh? :P Wikipedia's a fun way to spend my midnight shift and it can be "work related" so I don't get yelled at too much. I'm sorta morbidly dissappointed with the aftermath of TookieGate though. I expected SOMETHING to happen.... What do I get? Jesse Jackson. Boo. :P Kyaa the Catlord 18:41, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

Sago Mine
Thanks! I was not the original creator, but I was doing newpage patrol when I stumbled across the beginnings of the article a couple of nights ago. I dropped what I was doing and spent the next hour Googling the news up ... I felt we had a responsibility to put as good an article in front of the public as possible.

We need some standing policy on naming current-events articles to avoid all this. I have never seen a current-events article get moved so much. This was not fair to readers. Daniel Case 17:15, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

I agree. This was madness. Joe McCullough | (talk) 17:22, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

Farmington Mining Disaster/Temp
I put in a bit more work on the draft, thanks! What else does it need? Harveyj 20:49, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Just more meat, but I think the basics are there. Not much good hard info on the accident could be found though. Joe McCullough | (talk) 21:02, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

WP:CVU status
The Counter-Vandalism Unit project is under consideration to be moved to and/or  status. Another proposal is to delete or redirect the project. You have been identified as a project member and your input as to this matter would be welcomed at WT:CVU and at the deletion debate. Thank you! Delivered on behalf of xaosflux 15:17, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joemc72


text:
Illinois (disambiguation)

Illinois is a state in the United States.

Illinois may also refer to:

Places

 * Illinois Country, a region of colonial America
 * Illinois County, Virginia, a county claimed by Virginia during the American Revolutionary War
 * Illinois Territory, an organized territory of the US from 1809 to 1818
 * Illinois River, a tributary of the Mississippi River in the state of Illinois
 * Illinois River (Colorado)
 * Illinois River (Oklahoma) in Arkansas and Oklahoma
 * Illinois River (Oregon)
 * Illinois Township, Pope County, Arkansas

Education

 * University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, the largest campus in the University of Illinois system
 * Illinois Fighting Illini, this school's intercollegiate athletic program
 * Illinois College, a private liberal arts college located in Jacksonville, Illinois

Ships

 * SS Illinois (1873), an American Line passenger steamship
 * SS Illinois (1917), a cargo ship in service with the Harlem Steamship Co and Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
 * USS Illinois (BB-7), the lead ship of Illinois-class battleship, launched in 1898
 * USS Illinois (BB-65), a former planned Iowa-class battleship
 * USS Illinois (SSN-786), a Virginia-class submarine, launched 2016
 * Battleship Illinois (replica), a full-scale mockup of an Indiana-class battleship

Transportation

 * Illinois station (DART), a DART Light Rail station in Dallas, US
 * Illinois Terminal, in Champaign, Illinois, US

Music

 * Illinois (band), an American indie rock band
 * Illinois (Sufjan Stevens album), a 2005 album by Sufjan Stevens
 * Illinois (Brett Eldredge album), a 2015 album by Brett Eldredge
 * "Illinois" (song), the state song of Illinois with words by C.H. Chamberlain and music by Archibald Johnston

Other uses

 * Illinois Jacquet (1922–2004), jazz saxophone player
 * Illinois Confederation, a group of Native American tribes
 * The Illinois, a proposed mile-high skyscraper building designed in 1956 by Frank Lloyd Wright

title: Illinois (disambiguation)


text:
User:Justinman500

My name is Justin Gibson, also known as Justinman500. I am 14 years old as of this writing. My langauges of fluency are Natively English, Spanish, French, and German. My interests are sports (Baseball, Football, Soccer), television, and video games. I wlll help Wikipedia in any way possible, I will favor more artcles in other languages as well.

title: User:Justinman500


text: User talk:70.81.183.83

title: User talk:70.81.183.83


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Talk:Winston Field

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I have fleshed this out somewhat. Also - I can't find any reference to Field being knighted, so have removed his Sir - please correct if necessary Humansdorpie 17:42, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Winston Field