text:
Bree Van de Kamp

Bree Van de Kamp is a fictional character on the ABC television series Desperate Housewives. She was played by actress Marcia Cross, who received multiple awards and nominations for her portrayal, including an Emmy Award nomination, three Golden Globe Award nominations, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards. Cross' portrayal of Bree was widely praised by critics and fans.

Cross auditioned for the role of Mary Alice Young, but series creator Marc Cherry thought she was better suited for the role of Bree. Dana Delany, who was eventually cast as Katherine Mayfair, was chosen for the role but turned it down, saying it was too similar to her role in Pasadena.

Bree's main struggle throughout the series was her attempts to maintain a perfect life despite various obstacles such as widowhood, divorce, and alcoholism hindering her. She married Rex Van de Kamp (Steven Culp), Orson Hodge (Kyle MacLachlan), and Trip Weston (Scott Bakula) and had relationships with various other men.

Character profile
Bree Van de Kamp is one of the four main protagonists in Desperate Housewives. Bree grew up in Rhode Island when her father married a woman named Eleanor, after her mother's death, with whom she did not get along. In order to escape her stepmother's demands, Bree left for Lake Forest College near Chicago. Bree also mentioned on one of Eleanor's visits that she had to work for every kind word she was ever given by her stepmother. Bree met Rex Van de Kamp at a meeting of the Young Republicans. After they graduated, they married and had two children, Andrew and Danielle, and moved to Fairview.

Bree was very much written as an exaggerated version of the characteristics often attributed to White Anglo-Saxon Protestant Americans; she has been called a "hyper-uptight WASP". Bree is recognized for her perfectionistic attitude and work ethic, which at times bordered on neurosis and obsessive–compulsive disorder. While the writers shied away from an official diagnosis, the character is recognized as having obsessive–compulsive personality disorder. The character herself refers to her "quirks" in terms of anal retentiveness but Rex once mentioned it by the name. Bree's perfectionism may stem from when her mother was killed in a hit-and-run; a 10-year-old Bree cleaned her blood off the road outside the house. She said that once everything was spotless, she felt much better.

Bree is known for her homemaking talents at the level of Martha Stewart, particularly her gourmet meals, breakfast treats, and pineapple bran muffins. She is also well versed in firearms; she owns four guns and is a card-carrying member of the National Rifle Association. Bree supports the Republican Party, as stated in the season 3 opener, and was also known for being a member of the local Presbyterian church, as seen in the episode, Sunday. Her neighbors, Angie Bolen, Gabrielle Solis, and Renee Perry, nicknamed her "Nancy Reagan" on occasions.

Bree lived at 4354 Wisteria Lane in Fairview since 1994 and was also said to have a timeshare residence in Aspen that she never uses. Bree is based on creator Marc Cherry's own mother, and the Van de Kamp family is based on the family in which he grew up. Bree's family was based on Marc Cherry's teen years, while Lynette Scavo's family was based on Marc Cherry's childhood years. Bree and her first husband, Rex, were both named after the overtly vain characters on two of Marc Cherry's previous failed sitcoms, The 5 Mrs. Buchanans (Bree) and The Crew (Rex).

Both of Bree's marriages broke down and ended in divorce (however, Rex died before their divorce was finalized); following their requests for divorce, both of Bree's former husbands attempted reconciliation with her. Rex succeeded, whereas her second husband, Orson Hodge, did not. During the breakdown of her second marriage, Bree had an affair with Karl Mayer, her divorce lawyer and the ex-husband of her friend, Susan Delfino. However, Bree did remarry in the series finale to her lawyer, Trip Weston, making him her third husband.

Bree is the only one of the main four housewives to not appear in every episode. Appearing only as a stand-in in "My Husband, The Pig", Bree is totally absent in its six following episodes ("Dress Big", "Liaisons", "God, That's Good", "Gossip", "Into the Woods", and "What Would We Do Without You?") due to Cross' pregnancy.

Backstory
Bree Mason was born in 1962. When she was 10 years old, her mother taught her a lesson about "masking" so she could hide true feelings and emotions, which prevented her from being able to be hurt by men. Shortly after, during Christmas 1972, her mother died in hospital after a car accident. Bree stayed at home and cleaned her mother's blood from the driveway. She felt relieved after that. Her father then married Eleanor (Carol Burnett). Bree had to earn respect from her stepmother and so worked very hard. Eleanor said to her stepdaughter that she was very lucky and possessed beauty, wit, cunning, and insight: weapons all women needed to survive in the world. Her dad took care of his daughter and tried to raise her to be a classy lady.

Bree was first engaged to her boyfriend, Ty Grant, but after she met Rex Van de Kamp, the two fell in love during their college years. Bree and Rex got married in 1987. Bree gave birth to their son Andrew in 1988 and daughter Danielle in 1989. The family moved in 1994 to 4354 Wisteria Lane, Fairview. She gave a bad first impression to Mary Alice Young and Susan Mayer, local neighbors and friends, after Andrew stole a ceramic frog from the Youngs' backyard. Bree, Susan, and Mary Alice later become close friends. In 1998, Lynette Scavo joined the group. Five years later, after a short and difficult first impression of Gabrielle Solis, all four women accepted the ex-model as their friend.

Season 1
Bree is introduced as the "perfect" wife and mother. However, it becomes apparent that her emotional coldness and obsession with appearances makes her family resent her, and as her husband Rex puts it, "I just can't live in this detergent commercial anymore".

She insists she and Rex have marriage guidance counseling with Dr. Albert Goldfine (Sam Lloyd) when he wants a divorce and demands that Andrew and Danielle refuse presents from their father if they want to continue living with her. Unfortunately, in Andrew's case, this leads to him driving drunk and accidentally running over Carlos Solis's mother, leaving her in a coma. Rex and Bree conceal this to protect him but Bree is soon disappointed with his lack of remorse. Determined to make him realize that there are consequences to his actions, she gets him kicked off the swimming team by reporting marijuana he had hidden in his swim locker and then anonymously tipping off his coach.

Bree is determined to keep her family together until Rex has a heart attack, leading her to discover that he regularly visits a prostitute. Worse still, the prostitute turns out to be an acquaintance of hers, Maisy Gibbons (Sharon Lawrence), who is later arrested for living off of immoral earnings. Maisy is persuaded to cut a plea deal with the district attorney, naming her clients, and despite a request from Bree, Maisy does not remove Rex's name. Furious, Bree tells Rex she will divorce him but is "persuaded" by Andrew and Danielle to look after him while he recuperates. Initially wanting to hurt him, Bree starts dating their pharmacist, George Williams (Roger Bart), but ends things when Rex asks her to give their marriage another chance. She and George agree to be just friends. Wanting to deter Rex from visiting prostitutes, she reluctantly takes part in S&M scenarios with him.

Concerned about Andrew's worsening behavior, she is cheered up when Rex backs her up on one occasion. Unfortunately, this fails to make any difference, so Rex and Bree feel that they have no choice but to send Andrew away to a boot camp. While there, Andrew reveals to his parents that he is gay. Bree initially tells him that she will always love him regardless but quietly insists to Rex that they take Andrew home immediately, worried about what he might be doing with the other boys at night, and asks their vicar to give Andrew some counseling on lifestyle, believing that his soul is in danger. This has disastrous results, as Andrew thinks she doesn't love him and deliberately hurts her. Bree continues to confide in George about her family problems but, after Rex makes it clear that Bree will stay with him, George begins tampering with Rex's medication. This is uncovered when Rex has a second heart attack. Believing Bree was responsible, Rex writes a note forgiving her and dies. Bree's final scenes in the season involve her receiving the bad news and breaking down in tears.

Season 2
Bree's mother-in-law, Phyllis (Shirley Knight), visits for her son's funeral. She annoys Bree with her constant sniping and excessive displays of grief to the point that Bree refuses to let her attend Rex's funeral, but Andrew persuades her to. The final straw, however, is when she discovers that Phyllis has reported her friendship with George to Rex's life insurance provider. Bree sends Phyllis home and is questioned by the police about meddling with Rex's medication. She is cleared and is furious when she discovers the note Rex had left her which claimed he thought she murdered him, and she starts dating George. However, George constantly tries to rush things, making her uneasy. When George places an announcement of their engagement in the newspaper, an ex-fiancée of his, Leila Mitzman, visits Bree to warn her about him. Bree is horrified and sends Leila away, but she is proved right when George loses his temper upon seeing Bree dance with Ty Grant, and she also finds out that he threw Dr. Goldfine over the side of a bridge for suggesting to Bree that she take their relationship slowly. George tries blackmailing her into a reconciliation by taking some pills and admits to killing Rex. Devastated, Bree says that she has called an ambulance and it will be there soon, but in reality, she hasn't. She watches him die and tells Andrew, who tries blackmailing her for his trust fund. Events with Rex, George, and Andrew take their toll and she starts drinking heavily. She realizes she has a problem when she loses Lynette's children after passing out while babysitting. Andrew later begins making accusations about Bree physically abusing him and tries to seek emancipation rights, which Bree refuses. In denial, but not wanting Andrew to get his trust fund or give up on him, Bree joins Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) but only takes it seriously after passing out in a shop changing room and not waking up until late at night. Her AA sponsor, Peter McMillan (Lee Tergesen), and a security guard let her out. Bree also faces more turmoil when she discovers her new neighbors, the Applewhites, are hiding from the police and she is blackmailed into silence. To distract herself from her alcoholism, she has a brief relationship with Peter, who is addicted to sex. However, Andrew discovers this and seduces Peter to get revenge on Bree for denying him his trust fund. She dumps Peter and throws Andrew out after discovering that they slept together and in her bed.

Bree's mental health deteriorates rapidly following this and nobody can help her as her behavior becomes erratic and spirals out of control, including creating a scene at Danielle's birthday party. Danielle, meanwhile, starts dating Matthew Applewhite and moves out to be with him. However, Matthew's mother, Betty Applewhite, realizes Matthew murdered an ex-girlfriend, Melanie Foster, but made her believe his brother did it. Betty tells Bree, who has checked herself into a psychiatric unit and later escapes after they refuse to let her leave. Bree and Betty rush to Bree's house to find Matthew and Danielle have taken money from Bree's safe. Bree confronts Matthew about Melanie and refuses to let them leave, so he threatens to shoot her, only to be shot dead by a police sniper. Bree's final scenes involve her beginning a new friendship with the mysterious Orson Hodge.

Season 3
After a six-month relationship, Bree marries Orson, but their marriage is troubled by the belief that Orson physically abused his first wife, Alma (Valerie Mahaffey), and murdered her. She becomes overwhelmed with guilt to see Andrew on TV, reduced to living on the streets, and tracks him down only to be rebuffed. Shortly after the wedding, Orson persuades Andrew to come home and they reconcile.

However, the arrival of Orson's mother, Gloria (Dixie Carter), and Alma's return cause more trouble. They drug and rape Orson but Bree intervenes, learning that Gloria murdered Orson's mistress, Monique Polier, so he would stay with Alma. Gloria tries to kill Bree but Orson intervenes. Gloria has a severe stroke after Orson holds her head under water to get her to let go of the knife with which she is trying to kill Bree. Orson carries Gloria's body outside and places it next to Alma's body — Alma having died when she fell off the roof of her house while trying to escape to warn Bree about Gloria.

Danielle, meanwhile, finds herself pregnant by Edie Britt's nephew Austin McCann (Josh Henderson). She is sent away so the neighborhood won't learn of her pregnancy and Bree and Orson decide to fake a pregnancy so they can raise Danielle's child as their own.

Bree is not in episodes 3.16 to 3.22 as she is on honeymoon with Orson and Danielle. Bree returns for Gabrielle and Victor's wedding, heavily pregnant, or so it seems...

Season 4
Bree and Orson struggle to make people think she is pregnant but is dismayed by people wanting to feel the baby move. Phyllis discovers Bree's pregnancy hoax and tries convincing Danielle to raise the child herself. Bree and Orson, however, persuade Danielle to give them the baby by offering to send her to college and buy her a convertible. Danielle has a baby boy and gives him to Bree — who names him Benjamin Tyson Hodge (surname later changed to Katz) — and agrees that Bree and Orson will raise him.

Bree develops a rivalry with new neighbor, Katherine Mayfair (Dana Delany). Bree and Katherine are very similar, leading to a series of feuds before eventually becoming friends and going into business together, catering dinner parties.

After a tornado damages Bree's house, she, Orson, and Benjamin stay with Susan and Mike Delfino. During this time, Orson begins sleepwalking, twice being caught naked by Susan. Things come to a head when Julie catches him confessing to running over Mike. While Mike and Susan are willing to forgive Orson for his crime, Bree is horrified and kicks him out. During their separation, Edie Britt comes onto Orson, leading to a feud between her and Bree. Edie discovers Benjamin is Bree's grandson and attempts to blackmail her. Bree, however, tells the other housewives the truth, so they all snub Edie.

In the season finale, Katherine saves Bree's life by telling her ex-husband, Wayne Davis (Gary Cole), her secrets. When Katherine kills Wayne, Bree and the other housewives tell the police that Katherine was terrified of a stalker so that she doesn't go to prison.

When the events of the series shift ahead by five years in the fourth-season finale, it is revealed that Bree is now a famous cookbook author, and Andrew works with her as her assistant. Bree and Orson have evidently worked out their problems and are still together.

Season 5
Bree has just published her own cookbook, and is successfully running the catering business. She and Orson reconcile after he went to prison for running over Mike. A flashback sequence reveals that while Bree awaited Orson's release, Danielle returned and took Benjamin, leaving her completely alone. Devastated, Bree relapsed into alcoholism but overcame it, thanks to Katherine.

Bree puts her career first, alienating her friends at times and causing a rift between her and Orson. As revenge, Orson begins stealing, initially to punish people who he feels have been rude and to hurt Bree. Orson agrees to stop stealing, but when he is injured while attempting to rob an old woman (and indirectly causes Edie's death when she crashes her car into a telephone pole trying to avoid him) and tries to convince people that the old woman is senile, she decides she has had enough. She hires Karl Mayer as her divorce lawyer, who helps her stage a fake burglary so she can hide her precious/expensive assets in a storage unit and not risk losing them in the divorce proceedings. However, Orson discovers her plan, threatening to send her to prison for insurance fraud unless she stays with him. Bree agrees reluctantly but shares a passionate kiss with Karl.

Season 6
Initially, Bree is unwilling to sleep with Karl, despite her marriage being strained. Orson, however, is determined to salvage their relationship, commenting that guilt is sometimes necessary for happiness, and defending his use of blackmail so that she'll stay with him. Bree takes this motto as her own and consummates her affair with Karl.

When Julie is hospitalized after being attacked, Bree worries that she will lose Susan's friendship upon hearing that Susan would hypothetically no longer talk to a friend who dated Karl. However, Karl's fragility convinces Bree he needs her and she begins falling for him, acknowledging her feelings when they attend the same event and Karl brings another woman. This distracts her from her business, causing her to only realize the extent of Katherine's instability when an event is ruined. Bree dismisses her and, after getting to know new neighbor Angie Bolen (Drea de Matteo), hires her instead. Meanwhile, Karl's romantic gestures make their affair harder to hide. Suspicious, Orson gets Angie to spy on Bree. She discovers the affair, and helps Bree hide Karl when Orson comes home early and attempts to catch them in the act, but afterwards challenges Bree about her feelings for these two men. As Bree sees it, she connects intellectually with Orson but sexually with Karl, and is worried that their relationship will only ever be physical, despite his promises to change.

Bree's fears are realized when Susan catches her and Karl together at a motel. They fight, but despite her initial unhappiness, Susan eventually gives them her blessing. In order to get away from Orson, Karl suggests Bree threaten him, which she does by hiring an ex-con Orson met in prison to meet with him, and capturing the meeting on a hidden camera. She takes the pictures to Orson, which serve as proof of him breaking his parole, and demands a divorce. Stunned, Orson tells Bree that he wouldn't send her to prison for fraud and goes to pack, but discovers her affair with Karl when Karl confesses to him at the annual Wisteria Lane Christmas block party, in part due to the fact that he'd hired a plane to fly a banner over the party with a message asking Bree to marry him. A fight breaks out between the two men, and Bree tries intervening, to no success. The fight is ended when the pilot of the banner plane suffers a fatal heart attack at the controls and the plane subsequently crashes into the party, killing Karl and leaving Orson paralyzed.

Feeling guilty, Bree insists Orson come home so she can look after him but he is disgusted by her infidelity and takes advantage. Angry about his lack of manners and personal hygiene, Bree hoses him down but stops when he explains how angry he is with the way his life is now. Wanting to help, Bree gets two disabled men to visit, but Orson asks her to let him kill himself, telling her that he wants to die because no one loves him. When asked, Bree can't say the words, but seeing Orson trying to drown himself at a party of an old married couple with such passion causes Bree to realize that she still wants things to work with Orson. She stops him by telling him how much she cares and wants to recapture what they once had, and they reconcile.

A young man named Sam Allen (Samuel Page) visits Bree, offering himself as a new assistant. Impressed by Sam's skills, Bree promotes him to vice-president, much to Andrew's anger. While visiting Sam's home, Bree is stunned to learn that Sam is a son that Rex had from a relationship he had prior to meeting Bree. Sam admits that he's spent years watching Bree's family, wondering why Rex chose them over him, and after his mother's death, came to see Bree. Shocked by this, Bree welcomes Sam into her life but finds herself at odds with Andrew, who suspects Sam has an ulterior motive. Sam plots to make Bree fire Andrew, which she does, but after she reveals that she and Andrew have a love-and-hate relationship, it's likely that Andrew will return. After she tells Orson about a sabotaged dinner, suspecting Andrew, Orson points out that Andrew couldn't be responsible because it was well planned, making Bree suspect Sam's true intentions. She discovers that Sam's mother is still alive and reveals that Sam found a letter from Rex, offering to take full custody of him. Bree confronts Sam about his lies and he angrily smashes a vase before leaving. She apologizes to Andrew but tells him and Orson she's not firing Sam for fear of how he might react.

In the season finale, Bree does try firing Sam but he retaliates by revealing he's found out about Andrew's hit-and-run years before (a drunken Danielle told him). He threatens to tell the police unless Bree turns over control of the company to him. Bree reluctantly agrees to do so, while telling Sam she feels sorry for him losing his chance to be part of a family and suspects no one will ever truly care for him. Orson, who had not known what Andrew did, calls out Bree on the hypocrisy of demanding he go to jail for running Mike over but hiding Andrew's crime. He is both appalled and furious at Bree for this and announces he's moving out. Bree tells Andrew she now knows Orson was right and is seen about to confess to Gabrielle.

Season 7
Bree confesses to covering up the demise of Carlos' mother. Gabrielle chooses not to tell her husband. After discovering her ex-husband has a new girlfriend only a week after they separated, Bree decides to redecorate the ground floor of her house, hiring Keith Watson (Brian Austin Green) to help, but finds herself attracted to him. While looking at him from her car, she does not see Juanita Solis (Madison De La Garza) behind her before reversing, leading to Juanita being admitted to the hospital. Upon finding out that Keith has a girlfriend, she agrees to go out clubbing with Renee Perry. She finds out that Keith broke up with his girlfriend, but he is instead going home with Renee. Bree sabotages their night and eventually asks Keith on a date. This begins Bree and Renee's fight over Keith.

Later, Bree only mentions to Keith's father Richard that she's finally a divorcee. Learning this, Richard, who has been having feelings for Bree, tries to make a move to destroy Bree's and Keith's relationship so that he can have Bree instead. Keith attempts to propose to Bree and after the second failed attempt, Keith begins to question his relationship with Bree. Richard manipulates Keith's mind by warning him that Bree might be using him as a diversion from her actual feelings after her divorce from Orson. As a result, Keith begins to avoid Bree. Richard then abruptly kisses Bree, and after he leaves, Bree tells Keith everything about his father's attempts to tear them apart. Later, Keith confronts Richard about this and has a fistfight with him but when rioters, who are opposing Paul Young's plan to open a halfway house for ex-convicts on Wisteria Lane, see the two fight, they mistake Keith for an ex-convict due to his tattoos and ex-convict-like clothing and begin to attack him. Bree breaks up the fight by firing a gun into the air. This triggers fear and panic among the rioters and supporters for the halfway house alike, thinking this is an assassination attempt, culminating in a human stampede that spirals out of control.

Bree is thrown when Orson returns, claiming he was dumped by his girlfriend. Keith is annoyed at how Bree is willing to let Orson stay with them. Over dinner, Orson makes it clear he doesn't think Keith is a good choice for Bree as they have nothing in common and Orson understands her more, with the two even resorting to throwing food at one another. Bree goes to see Orson's ex, who reveals that Orson was the one who broke up with her as he's still in love with Bree. She confronts him and Orson confesses how he feels and thinks Bree is too good for Keith. Keith is angered at Bree continuing to want Orson to stay with them, saying that she's still in love with Orson. Bree responds by shoving him down in her manure-covered lawn, getting herself dirty, to prove how much she's changed. When one of Keith's old girlfriends comes by, Bree is suspicious and discovers the woman has been raising Keith's son. She mentions children to Keith, who seems unsure whether he is father material. Bree goes to the girlfriend, lying about how Keith doesn't want to know the child. Keith finds her cutting up her roses as she says "you have to be ruthless to protect what you want". Bree meets the woman later to lend her money and when she leaves her son in Bree's care, Keith drops by the pizza parlor. Seeing Keith and the boy instantly bonding, Bree is overcome with guilt and confesses to Keith that the boy is actually his son. Keith desperately wants to be with his son, but he doesn't want to leave Bree, so he pitches the idea of moving to Florida with Bree but she refuses to leave her home and friends. The next day Bree makes the ultimate decision and tells Keith that he must go to Florida for his son. She sacrifices their relationship and Keith leaves.

Bree discovers that Andrew has started drinking again, so much so that his husband leaves him. She encourages Andrew to go to rehab but is jarred when he decides to make amends by telling Carlos about running over his mother. When Carlos invites Andrew on a camping trip, Bree and Gabrielle fear the worst and follow them. Seeing Carlos with a bloody towel and a dirty shovel, Bree blurts out what Andrew did, just before her son enters the cabin. Carlos is outraged over this but eventually forgives Andrew. However, when Bree comes to thank him for not pressing charges, Carlos coldly tells her he won't forgive her for hiding the truth all these years, that they're no longer friends, and that she and Gabby can no longer be friends. Bree ends up taking Gabby and her daughters into her house when Gabby leaves Carlos after telling him that she refuses to end her friendship with Bree. While the Solises are staying with Bree, she has a run-in with Detective Chuck Vance (Jonathan Cake), who was on Wisteria Lane to check on parolee Felicia Tillman. Juanita Solis calls the police and tells them that Bree is trying to kill her and Celia (after Carlos tells her about Bree's involvement in her grandmother's death). Chuck responds to the call at Bree's home and Carlos sorts everything out, explaining that the girls misunderstood what he had told them. Chuck leaves and gives Bree his number, and the Solises move out of Bree's and back with Carlos.

Chuck later returns to give Bree his number again after assuming she'd lost it since he hasn't received a call from her. Bree then agrees to go out on a date with him that night and when Bree tells this to Renee, Renee runs a background check on Chuck and reveals to Bree that he's still married (though he had filed for divorce a year ago). At dinner, Bree confronts Chuck with this information but Chuck retaliates by telling her that he had also run a background check on her, therefore becoming more aware of Bree's past. Offended, Bree abruptly ends their date and as Chuck drives her home, Chuck catches a hooker in the street and brings her back to her women's shelter. There, Chuck tells the hooker (who believes that she'll be a hooker forever) that she can turn her life around, pretending to reveal that Bree once was a prostitute and she had turned over a new leaf by going to school and starting a massive catering company. Moved by Chuck's sincere words, Bree gives Chuck a second chance and the two agree to go out on another date afterwards.

During the "progressive dinner party" celebrating Susan's return to Wisteria Lane, Bree (along with Lynette and Susan) walks into Gaby's house to discover that Carlos has murdered Gaby's abusive stepfather Alejandro Perez. She spearheads the decision to cover up the murder to protect Carlos, thus earning his forgiveness for keeping the secret about his mother's hit-and-run for all those years.

Season 8
Following their agreement to cover up the murder of Alejandro, Bree's relationship with Chuck begins to suffer. She finds herself constantly paranoid that he will discover her involvement and uses sex as a way to distract him. She then receives a note exactly like the one Mary Alice received when she shot herself. She then seeks out the counsel of Paul Young, asking if he was the one who sent it. Upset over the fact that Bree may still judge him for his past, he sends her away. However, he later calls her back, urging her to tell the other housewives to spare her Mary Alice's fate and reveals to her the only other person who he told about the note to was the cop who was looking into Martha Huber's death, Chuck. At first suspicious, Bree decides to break up with Chuck when he tries to propose. He does not take it well, telling her she is making a big mistake. Danielle returns, having been dumped by her husband, and Bree is at first supportive until she finds out her daughter is now selling adult swings to make money.

Having avoided church over her guilt in hiding Alejandro, Bree is convinced to help Ben Faulkner in cooking for a soup kitchen. When a passing college student raves over her cooking, the kitchen is soon home to regular people, not the homeless, and Bree realizes that she has wrongly prioritized her own culinary career over helping people. She tells everyone to leave, giving a speech on how the soup kitchen is meant to help the less fortunate. Ben is impressed and has Bree give a speech to the city council to convince them to let Ben build a homeless shelter in Fairview. Bree is initially happy about helping Ben until she realizes the spot Ben is about to break ground on is where the girls buried Alejandro. She, Gabrielle, and Lynette go to dig the body back up only to find it gone. It turns out Ben found it earlier, thinking he was just a drifter, and Bree convinces him to help keep it quiet. However, Bree soon finds Chuck is suspicious and putting together clues to prove what the girls did. The pressure soon drives Bree to break her sobriety and pour herself a drink.

Chuck starts to dig deeper into Gabrielle's stepfather's disappearance. Gabrielle tells Bree that Chuck brought them in for questioning and Bree snaps, causing her to head to a motel. When she arrives, she sits at a table in her room, pulls out a bottle of wine and a gun, and begins talking to the spirit of Mary Alice who has appeared sitting in front of her. Bree asks her if she is happy after having killed herself and Mary Alice replies, "I'm not unhappy". Bree is ready to kill herself when Renee kicks in the door, mistakenly believing Bree is with Ben. After yelling, threatening to hit her, and telling her she's "nothing more than a skank in a Nancy Reagan nightie", Renee notices the gun and the note. After reading it, she takes Bree home and stays there to make sure she's okay. When Renee says she won't let a friend die, Bree points out they're not quite friends, hurting Renee. She confesses to Bree how her own mother committed suicide and makes Bree see it's not the way out. Bree is happy at first, more so when she hears Chuck was killed in a hit-and-run. However, when she opens her mailbox, she finds a note saying "You're welcome."

Renee takes Bree to a bar, encouraging her to live a little, and Bree ends up going skinny dipping with a man she has just met in the pool of his opulent house, before the true owner of the house, his boss, catches them when he comes home. Bree is soon going to bed with a succession of men which gets the Reverend concerned about her behavior. Determined to show he's wrong, Bree participates in a bake sale where she meets one of her lovers, only to discover he's married. When Karen McCluskey says that they do not know what Bree is really like, Bree decides to live up to her reputation as the new town slut. Bree is soon bed hopping to the point that she hits on a man in a bar without remembering she had gone home with him just two nights previously. When they hear about Renee taking Bree to a bar, her friends try and stage an intervention, at which point Bree reaches her breaking point and blasts them for their less than friend-like behavior recently. At the bar, she's approached by a man and realizes how far she's fallen, ready to go home. The man follows her to the parking lot, threatening to assault Bree, only for them to be interrupted by a wheelchair-using Orson. He uses a taser to knock the man out, telling Bree her friends called him to help and if there's one thing they did well together, it was "cleaning up each other's messes". Orson soon convinces Bree that the girls are still angry at her and to go away with him for a weekend. What Bree doesn't know is that Orson has been stalking her for months, seeing the girls bury Alejandro's body, and he was the one leaving Bree the notes as part of his warped scheme to win her back. Bree soon discovers the truth while visiting Orson's apartment and despite his claims he did it all for her, she says she wants nothing to do with him. Orson calls her later, claiming that their love requires sacrifice, and Bree believes he's going to kill himself. Instead, Orson mails a folder of evidence against her to the police.

Bree is surprised when Andrew comes home, engaged to a woman named Mary Beth. Learning she's an heiress, Bree suspects Andrew is just marrying her for her money. Mary Beth tells Bree she knows Andrew is gay but is still willing to marry him as she's been unlucky in love. Bree convinces Mary Beth to find a man who truly loves her and she breaks up with Andrew. Andrew is upset at losing a chance at the money but Bree tells him he can stay with her and accept her help getting back on his feet.

Meanwhile, the police become suspicious of Bree and the murder of Gaby's stepfather and the help in its cover-up, so they tread carefully in trying to get proof that she is one of the suspects. They interview her, and she says that she had nothing to do with it. However, having been interrogated while drinking a cup of tea, her fingerprints are left on the mug. The fingerprint that the police found on the body and the fingerprint on Bree's cup match. The police go and talk to Ben, still about the murder of Alejandro. Ben keeps Bree's secret, and the police leave, with no more evidence than the fingerprint. But they do not stop there; a detective tracks down a call from Bree to Ben that night regarding Alejandro's murder, and they record it.

In order to defend herself, Bree asks Bob Hunter for legal advice, but he tells her she needs a criminal lawyer. He recommends lawyer Trip Weston, whom he calls a "shark". Bree goes to trial but does not tell Trip all the truth and is about to go to prison until Mrs. McCluskey confesses to the murder of Alejandro herself, after Bree and the girls agree to take care of her during her last days of life. Bree is acquitted of all charges. In the end, Bree marries Trip and moves to Louisville, Kentucky, where she joins a club for conservative women. Later, she is encouraged by Trip to run for the city council and the following November, she is elected to the Kentucky Legislature.

Critical
Bree has received wide acclaim, both for the character's storylines, and for Cross' portrayal. In a review of the pilot, Tim Goodman from the San Francisco Chronicle called Cross "almost too perfect as uptight Bree" and applauded her for "managing to give the character more shadings than merely insanely perfect".

At the commencement of the second season, Bree was widely considered the series' most prominent character, following the first year's emphasis on Susan Mayer. Though a drop in quality was noted in the second season, Bree's battles with alcohol, her teenage son, and her murderous pharmacist lover, while continuing to deal with the death of her husband, were well received and considered the focal point of the series in light of the lagging Applewhite mystery.

Cross retained her center-stage position for the show's third season, which widely focused upon the mystery surrounding her new husband Orson. Critics noted an improvement in quality from the second season to the third, and many deemed Bree's storyline to be the most satisfying of the season, as well as noting a "loss of steam" during Cross' maternity leave at the latter part of the season.

Season 4's "fake pregnancy" storyline continued to satisfy critics, with one calling it the series' most "hysterical [storyline] yet" and singling Cross out for praise. Her friction with Katherine Mayfair was also noted as a highlight. Following the five-year leap, a new direction was taken with Bree's character as she made the transition from housewife to author/businesswoman, a development which received positive reception.

This change in character development was continued into season 6, with another side to Bree's personality being shown, which includes an affair with Karl Mayer. Critics lauded the comic relief provided by these developments, as well as the more poignant and emotional turn mid-season as Bree deals with Orson's paralysis.

In Season 7, Bree finds herself newly divorced and embarks on a relationship with Keith Watson, a move which was praised for allowing "the for-so-long uptight Bree letting her hair down and having some fun for a change." By the climax of season 7, Bree is central in covering up the murder of Gabrielle's stepfather, a move which was praised as a sound set-up for the final season.

Awards
Marcia Cross has received widespread acclaim for her portrayal of Bree. For her work on the second season of the show, she garnered the Satellite Award for Best Actress - Television Series Musical or Comedy (her second nomination) and also received the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series twice as part of the cast (being nominated a further three times).

In 2005, Cross was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for her performance in the season one episode, "Running to Stand Still". She also made the Top 10 Pre-Nomination Finalist listing for the same award three subsequent times, for her work on the second-season episode "Next", third-season episode "Listen to the Rain on the Roof", and fourth-season episode "Now You Know". She received three nominations at the Golden Globe Awards, for Best Actress in a Television Series - Musical or Comedy, for her work on the first three seasons of the show and also received three nominations at the Prism Awards (for Performance in a Comedy Series, in relation to Bree's alcoholism) and a nomination from the Television Critics Association for Individual Achievement in Comedy in 2005.

Cultural influences and impact
Bree is spoofed in MADtv Desperate Housewives parody, in which they mock the character's plastic exterior and demeanor. In a 2006 interview with Charmed Magazine, Michelle Stafford admitted that her character Mandi in Charmed episode "Desperate Housewitches" was almost entirely modeled after Marcia Cross as Bree. Looking at pictures and episodes of Bree to gain a sense of her posture and body language, she laughed, "I'm just mimicking her. I'm just ripping her off."

In 2007, Madame Alexander released a line of 16-inch fashion dolls of the series' main characters, including Bree.

title: Bree Van de Kamp


text:
Aaraattu

Ārāttu is an annual ritual performed during Hindu temple festivals in Kerala, India, in which a priest bathe the idol of a deity by dipping it in a river or a temple tank. It is mainly carried out at the end of a temple festival. Ārāttu is celebrated twice annually—the spring festival (March - April) and the autumn festival (October - November). A festival normally lasts 10 days.

Major festivals
One of the important Arattu in Kerala is conducted at Padmanabhaswamy Temple, Thiruvananthapuram by Travancore royal family, procession is carried out to Shankumugham Beach for the ceremony. The operations at the Trivandrum International Airport stops twice a year for the procession to pass through the runway to the Shankumugham Beach. At Ambalappuzha Sree Krishna Swamy Temple, the festival starts with a flag hoisting, after bathing the deities, ambalappuzha palpayasam (a sweet pudding) is offered to the gods. The eight-day long festival at Sree Poornathrayeesa Temple, Thrippunithura is concluded with an aaraattu.

In popular culture
A 1979 Malayalam film directed by I. V. Sasi was titled Aarattu, and a 2021 film directed by B. Unnikrishnan also use the same title, both the films are otherwise unrelated to the ritual.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Aaraattu


text:
Velveteen

Velveteen (or velveret) is a type of woven fabric with a dense, even, short pile. It has less sheen than velvet because the pile in velveteen is cut from weft threads, while that of velvet is cut from warp threads. Velveteen also has a shorter pile than velvet and is stiffer, with less drape, and is usually made of cotton or a cotton-silk blend.

Velveteen is typically used for upholstery, or in fashion for garments that need stiffness, structure, or durability. Some velveteens are a kind of fustian, having a rib of velvet pile alternating with a plain depression.

Historically, the velveteen trade varied with the fashions that controlled the production of velvet.

title: Velveteen


text:
User talk:Mark5677

To our newest Rollbacker
I have just granted you rollback rights because I believe you to be trustworthy, and because you have a history of reverting vandalism and have given in the past or are trusted in the future to give appropriate warnings. Please have a read over WP:ROLLBACK and remember that rollback is only for use against obvious vandalism. Please use it that way (it can be taken away by any admin at a moment's notice). You may want to consider adding Rollback and User rollback to your userpage. Any questions, please drop me a line. Best of luck and thanks for volunteering!  upstate NYer  01:12, 29 November 2009 (UTC)

Germans picture
Please read the discussion page under Germans! This topic was discussed before and since there have long time disagreement about doing Hitler in the picutre and stuff like this. A "everyday-life"-picture of Germans is a better option. For a good accample of a nation picture see the Dutch people side and for bad one see -Icelanders - for example 2 very unimportant beauty queens or look the Norwegians page befor I removed the Norwegian American pictures. I will revert it again without waiting for your answer like you did (oterhwise a prever a preview discussion). 195.243.51.34 (talk) 09:45, 30 November 2009 (UTC)

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
Hello there. This is an automated message to tell you about the gradual phasing out of the preference entitled "Mark all edits minor by default", which you currently have (or very recently had) enabled.

On 13 March 2011, this preference was hidden from the user preferences screen as part of efforts to prevent its accidental misuse (consensus discussion). This had the effect of locking users in to their existing preference, which, in your case, was. To complete the process, your preference will automatically be changed to  in the next few days. This does not require any intervention on your part and you will still be able to manually mark your edits as being 'minor'. The only thing that's changed is that you will no longer have them marked as minor by default.

For established users such as yourself there is a workaround available involving custom JavaScript. If you are familiar with the contents of WP:MINOR, and believe that it is still beneficial to the encyclopedia to have all your edits marked as such by default, then this discussion will give you the details you need to continue with this functionality indefinitely. If you have any problems, feel free to drop me a note.

Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 18:18, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for August 28
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Ghost Force (novel), you added links pointing to the disambiguation pages National Security Advisor and Manhunt (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver). Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 12:01, 28 August 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:15, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Image array vandalism
This report relates to the following pages:

 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Acrobat

They both contain image arrays (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Image_array)

When viewing those pages as a logged in user, they appear as normal.

When viewing those pages anonymously (non logged in) certain image arrays redirect to this image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Middle_finger2.jpg.

This issue may be occurring on other pages - the 'middle finger' page indicates that More than 100 pages link to this file.

I would fix it myself, but it's not clear to me how or why it's happening.

Mark5677 (talk) 04:55, 20 December 2017 (UTC)
 * The image was vandalized onto the template yesterday, and it has since been reverted. However, due to how MediaWiki caches pages, the revert will unfortunately not be immediately visible everywhere. If you stumble across a page that still has the vandalized template, you'll need to purge the cache. There is a thing called  (Purge) that allows you to automatically purge every page that transcludes a given template, and I've gone ahead and run that on Image array. However, it may take some time for the server to reparse all those pages. Mz7 (talk) 06:17, 20 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Note: The above was originally at WP:AIV, but I've moved it here so that it isn't on the highly visible noticeboard. Mz7 (talk) 06:20, 20 December 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mark5677


text:
Judith of Babenberg

Judith (or Jutta, sometimes called Julitta or Ita in Latin sources; c. 1115/1120 – after 1168), a member of the House of Babenberg, was Marchioness of Montferrat from 1135 until her death, by her marriage with Marquess William V.

Life
Judith was a daughter of Margrave Leopold III of Austria (1073–1136) and his second wife, Agnes (1072–1143), the only daughter of the Salian emperor Henry IV.

During 1133, Judith married the Aleramici marquess William V of Montferrat. The Aleramici were among the leading dynasties in the Crusades; William accompanied his nephew King Louis VII of France on the Second Crusade of 1147.

Marriage and issue
Judith and William had: The marriage also produced three daughters:
 * William Longsword (d. 1177), Count of Jaffa and Ascalon; father of Baldwin V of Jerusalem
 * Conrad of Montferrat (d. 1192), King of Jerusalem
 * Boniface of Montferrat (d. 1207); his successor to Montferrat and founder of the Kingdom of Thessalonica.
 * Frederick of Montferrat, Bishop of Alba
 * Renier of Montferrat (d. 1183) married into the Byzantine imperial family.
 * Agnes of Montferrat (1202); married Count Guido Guerra III Guidi of Modigliana. The marriage was annulled on grounds of childlessness before 1180, when Guido remarried, and Agnes entered the convent of Santa Maria di Rocca delle Donne.
 * Adelasia (Azalaïs) of Montferrat (d. 1232); married Manfred II, Marquess of Saluzzo, c. 1182, and was regent for her grandson, Manfred III.
 * An unidentified daughter, who married Albert, Marquess of Malaspina.

Judith was still living in 1168, but seems to have died before her husband went to the Kingdom of Jerusalem after their grandson Baldwin's coronation as King of Jerusalem in the 1180s.

title: Judith of Babenberg


text:
Minamoto no Tametomo

Minamoto no Tametomo (源 為朝), also known as Chinzei Hachirō Tametomo (鎮西 八郎 為朝), was a samurai who fought in the Hōgen Rebellion of 1156. He was the son of Minamoto no Tameyoshi, and brother to Yukiie and Yoshitomo.

Tametomo is known in the epic chronicles as a powerful archer and it is said that he once sunk an entire Taira ship with a single arrow by puncturing its hull below the waterline. It is also added in many legends that his left arm was about 4 inches longer than his right, enabling a longer draw of the arrow, and more powerful shots. He fought in the Siege of Shirakawa-den, along with his father, against the forces of Taira no Kiyomori and Minamoto no Yoshitomo, his brother. The palace was set aflame, and Tametomo was forced to flee.

After the Hōgen Rebellion, the Taira cut the sinews of Tametomo's left arm, limiting the use of his bow, and then he was banished to the island of Ōshima in the Izu Islands. Tametomo eventually killed himself by slicing his abdomen, or committing seppuku. He is quite possibly the first warrior to commit seppuku in the chronicles.

During the Edo period, a descendant of Tametomo named Kitō Heinai (鬼頭 兵内) was involved in the 1754 Hōreki River incident.

He is the focus on Takizawa Bakin’s novel  (Strange Tales of the Crescent Moon). Which was illustrated by famous artist Hokusai.

title: Minamoto no Tametomo


text:
Talk:Burnout Revenge

Untitled
Someone should write some stuff about Burnout 4 in here.

Burnout Revenge is Burnout 4. smurray in chester 19:19, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

The answer to the puzzled gamer: The song is 'Sink that ship' by the Kaiser Chiefs. It was not included on the album, but as an A-side on 'I predict a riot'.Lipzydude 19:16, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Screenshot
Does anyone have a screenshot from the game? It would be nice to have an actual in game image instead of just cover art. anybody talk about burnout 5 i have burnout revenge and i say it's 9 out of 10 it's got the best songs from them all.click on this link for screenshots of the game:  http://images.google.com/images?svnum=10&hl=en&sa=X&oi=spell&resnum=0&ct=result&cd=1&q=burnout+revenge+screenshots&spell=1]] posted on december 2006

I have got burnout revenge and reached elite so i am famous and good so lets talk about burnout and give me cheats.posted on december  2006. Anyone know imformation/stuff about burnout dominator.On 19th december 06. Bold text Bodeth III: There should be more info on the 360 version of the game, listing what changes between the PS2/Xbox versions and the 360 version.
 * I would imagine that the only changes be the online play and polished graphics. Douglasr007 00:01, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

There are a lot more changes between the 360 and PS2/Xbox versions of the game than you think. There are new crash junctions, some of the events were changed, and new cars were added. But most importantly, the online mode was been completely revamped. There's so much new stuff online, the 360 version deserves a separate page. - lorX2

Clean up Achievements
I added all the achievements but it looks pretty sloppy. I'm not terrific at layout, so I would appreciate it if someone could clean it up. Thanks. Ledzeppelin19 21:49, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Burnout Revenge.jpg
Image:Burnout Revenge.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 15:57, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Burnoutrevenge.jpg
Image:Burnoutrevenge.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 04:50, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result was no consensus. Issue taken to project page. --MrStalker talk 15:35, 17 November 2007 (UTC) — Burnout is the series title and Revenge, Legends, Dominator and Paradise are subtitles, as such the naming should look like "Burnout: subtitle". Also take a look at Burnout 2: Point of Impact and Burnout 3: Takedown which are named this way. —MrStalker talk 12:56, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Burnout Revenge → Burnout: Revenge
 * Burnout Legends → Burnout: Legends
 * Burnout Dominator → Burnout: Dominator
 * Burnout Paradise → Burnout: Paradise

Survey

 * Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  . Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's naming conventions.

 * Support. --MrStalker talk 12:59, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Oppose - MTC 17:18, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Any additional comments:

 * Oppose - the spine of Burnout Revenge's game box and its manual never use a colon in the name of the game, the game is always referred to as Burnout Revenge. The same goes for Burnout Dominator. By contrast, Burnout 3: Takedown has a colon both on the game box and when referred to in the manual. Those articles at least are currently named correctly. (Those are the only Burnout games I own, I don't know about the others) - MTC 17:18, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I can't see any colon on the Burnout 3 box, where do you see that? Anyway, it's common usage to seperate the serie's title from the game's "unique" title. E.g. Need for Speed: ProStreet is often not refered to with a colon in text but is named with a colon nontheless. When the title in the game's logo is seperated by a linebreak and/or significantly different typeface it's common represent that with a colon. --MrStalker talk 18:28, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
 * The spine of my UK-bought PS2 Burnout 3 box says "Burnout®3: Takedown™", obviously the ™ and ® shouldn't be included in an article title but I see no reason to leave out the colon, and that's not what you're proposing anyway is it? The "common usage" you speak of is only true for some, not all game series; the Tony Hawk's for example doesn't use colons. In fact while looking through some of the games I own, it seems quite a few articles use colons when they shouldn't. WikiProject Video games/Article guidelines/Naming says the official name should always be used, and the official name is usually the name given on the spine of the game box with ™ symbols removed as necessary. - MTC 18:48, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
 * No, I'm not proposing to remove the colon, which pretty obvious if you look above. Tony Hawk's is an exeption because you have to consider grammar, "Tony Hawk's" is a genitive. Also, if you look at the logo you can also see that "Tony Hawk's" is given equally much space as the subtitle. If you go "by the spine", there's a lot of articles that must be moved. The common usage I speak of is true for all articles I can remember coming across. --MrStalker talk 20:59, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Looking at the featured articles at WP:VG, I can't find one that doesn't seperate subtitles from the series title with a colon. MobyGames also uses "Burnout: Revenge". --MrStalker talk 21:07, 13 November 2007 (UTC)
 * It's entirely possible that all the games listed there that do include a colon also include it in the official name. I can't check any of them myself as I don't own any of the games listed there, but I can see that the Legend of Zelda series includes a colon on the one game in the series that I own.
 * I still see no reason to disregard both the WP:VG naming conventions (whcih state the official name should be used) and the official manuals and boxes of the games in question, none of which use colons. It can't be denied that the official names don't use colons and we should go with that. - MTC 06:44, 14 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I have copied this discussion to this page. --MrStalker talk 11:01, 17 November 2007 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Madden Bus
You get the madden bus by watching the trailer for Madden in the Xbox 360 version. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.18.240.159 (talk) 00:38, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I think you also get it if you have a save file for the Madden game (can't remember wich one). Unsigned —Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.23.91.242 (talk) 18:31, 27 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Madden 06.  Zappa  O  Mati   18:30, 18 July 2012 (UTC)

Crashbreaker
I have been wondering why the Crashbreaker is not mentioned in this. It is really what sets this game apart from the other games in the series. Burnout Revenge was the first game to introduce the Crashbreaker into normal races. The entire premise of the game is, in a way, focused on the Crashbreaker. The ability to detonate your car to take out rivals after a crash. It's what made the game what it is. Request adding it to the "Gameplay" section or even the introductory paragraph. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.175.104.78 (talk) 05:48, 17 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Added a bit about it. L337 kybldmstr (talk) 22:50, 28 June 2008 (UTC)

3rd best game
In a Playstation Magazine, the game ranked 3rd in the Playstation 2 Top 100 Games, with #2 being Resident Evil 4 and #1 being GTA: Vice City, should this be mentioned in the article? i can't find any sources for it in the Internet or Google, but it shows the Top 100 games of the PS2 in the magazine, near the back-SCB '92 (talk) 21:42, 15 July 2008 (UTC)

WRONG
"Burnout Revenge is the fourth video game in the Burnout series of racing games, released for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox on September 13, 2005, alongside the PlayStation Portable-exclusive title Burnout Legends."

It is also for the Nintendo DS. I will change this. LuGiADude (talk) 15:12, 19 July 2008 (UTC)

Merge proposal
I propose to merge the article List of songs from Burnout Revenge and Burnout Legends due to lack of notability with sources, the soundtrack also didn't have it own soundtrack release and could be easy merged in the main article with a collapsible table like Burnout Paradise. TheDeviantPro (talk) 07:12, 24 August 2015 (UTC)

Smiling Friends
The game was recently referenced in a new episode of Smiling Friends but edit warring on the Wikipedia page has prevented there from being a Cultural References subsection on the article. The page for the Smiling Friends TV series even mentions the game in the description for the episode "A Allan Adventure" and it's considered "unsourced." PeteTheRock155 (talk) 03:13, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

 * the quote is "I was just wondering if you wanted to HANG out with me and smoke weed and fill our bellies with DIET soda and play Burnout Revenge for the PS2." ChaseTOM4YT (talk) 00:12, 30 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Burnout Revenge


text:
Cape Henry

Cape Henry is a cape on the Atlantic shore of Virginia located in the northeast corner of Virginia Beach. It is the southern boundary of the entrance to the long estuary of the Chesapeake Bay.

Across the mouth of the bay to the north is Cape Charles the opposite point of the Bay's gateway. Named for two sons of King James I of England in 1607, together Cape Henry and Cape Charles form the Virginia Capes.

History
Cape Henry was named on April 26, 1607 in honor of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, the elder of two sons of King James I of England to survive to the age of 18 and heir-apparent to the throne of the Kingdom of England (later united in 1707 with neighboring Scotland as the Kingdom of Great Britain), by an expedition of the London Company branch of the proprietary Virginia Company headed by Captain Christopher Newport. After an unusually long voyage of 144 days from England, it was their first landfall, an event which has come to be called "The First Landing". Soon after this landing the English colonists erected a wooden cross and gave thanks for a successful crossing to a new land. In the First Charter of Virginia, King James I devoted parcels of land for the purpose of spreading the Christian religion. The Charter reads in part: "We greatly commending, and graciously accepting of, their Desires for the Furtherance of so noble a Work, which may, by the Providence of Almighty God, hereafter tend to the Glory of his Divine Majesty, in propagating of Christian Religion to such People, as yet live in Darkness and miserable Ignorance..."

Captain Newport, with his three ships, Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discovery, and the group of 104 men and boys, subsequently explored inland and established Jamestown on an island for protection offshore from the north shore further upstream on the James River which became the first permanent English settlement in North America.

The following year of 1608, Captain John Smith took a crew with a small boat outfitted with a sail and proceeded north up the Chesapeake Bay exploring and mapping its coasts and rivers, creeks and bays up to the later named Susquehanna River which fed the Bay.

In 1700, three men accused of piracy were executed by gibbeting at Cape Henry: John Houghling, Cornelius Franc, and Francois Delaunée.

In 1781, the waters off of these Virginia Capes and the entrance to the Chesapeake and Hampton Roads harbor were the site of an important naval clash between warships of the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Great Britain near the end of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) in the Battle of the Capes. The victory of the French Navy over the British Royal Navy cut off the King's Army troops of Lord Charles Cornwallis surrounded, bombarded and under siege for a month at Yorktown, Virginia, a short distance up the Bay on the Western Shore's York River. They had been pursued after a series of clashes for several years in the Southern Theater in Georgia and the Carolinas by rebel patriot regular forces of soldiers under the command of Gen. Nathanael Greene and Daniel Morgan, along with irregular bands of guerilla partisans sniping and wearing down the Redcoats by attrition. As Cornwallis headed northward to the rich untouched colony of Virginia and also hoping to be reinforced / resupplied or evacuated if necessary on the ragged shores of the Carolina coast or the Chesapeake where British seapower and naval dominance could be brought to bear. The French fleet under Admiral deGrasse sent from the Caribbean Sea and West Indies islands with an unusual naval victory over the British taskforce who also had sent a second fleet from occupied New York retreating back northward which was supposed to reinforce and guard Cornwallis' seaward side. The British general was forced to surrender in October 1781 to a combined jointly commanded American-French Army with German states mercenary allies under Gen. George Washington, Gen. Marquis de Lafayette and French Army troops under Gen. Rochambeau who had deceived Gen. William Howe commander in New York where the Northern Theater had stalemated and sneaked out slipping and gaining several weeks march southward down the East Coast to surprise and catch Cornwallis' Redcoats camped at Yorktown in a siege. Finally for the first time in the six year long rebellion, the insurgents had numerical superiority in numbers and artillery along with adequate cooperating seapower from the French allies. The often little known sea Battle of the Capes a few miles off the American Virginia coast was the nail in the coffin to assure colonial independence as the War ended a year and a half later with the Treaty of Paris in 1783.

Current features
The Cape Henry Memorial commemorates The First Landing of the settlers that established Jamestown. Nearby, the historic Cape Henry Lighthouse was the first in the United States. The railroad passenger station, built in 1902, was served by the original Norfolk Southern Railway. It was restored late in the 20th century and is used as an educational facility by Fort Story, a Navy base located at Cape Henry that was established in 1914. First Landing State Park occupies and protects the rest of the cape itself, as well as some of the nearby area. Shore Drive, US-60, a locally well-known road, facilitates viewing of the rest of the shoreline in Cape Henry.

title: Cape Henry


text:
Shhh... Don't Tell

Shhh... Don't Tell is the fifth album by Adam Sandler, released on Warner Bros. Records in 2004. It is a collection of songs and skits that feature the voices of Sandler himself, Allen Covert, Rob Schneider, Peter Dante, Jonathan Loughran, David Spade, Blake Clark, Nick Swardson, Maya Rudolph and Molly Shannon. The album's final track, "Stan the Man", is a tribute to Sandler's father, Stanley. It was later played over the end credits of the 2010 film Grown Ups, which co-starred Sandler, Schneider, Spade and Rudolph. This was also Sandler's last comedy album until the audio release of his 2018 Netflix special 100% Fresh.

Personnel

 * Adam Sandler – main performer, vocals, producer
 * Rob Schneider – Mr. Karachi on "Whore! Where Are You?!"
 * Allen Covert – performer, producer
 * Peter Dante – performer
 * David Spade – performer
 * Blake Clark - performer
 * Nick Swardson – performer
 * Betsy Hammer – performer, vocals, backing vocals, design
 * Adam & the Brooktones – backing vocals
 * Jeannie Perkins – backing vocals
 * Teddy Castellucci – acoustic guitar, arranger
 * Waddy Wachtel – guitar
 * Dave Marotta – bass guitar
 * Craig Doerge – piano, keyboards
 * Tom Mgrdichian – keyboards, programming
 * Stuart Grusin – organ
 * Don Heffington – drums, percussion
 * Fred Howard – sound effects
 * Brooks Arthur – producer, photography, yells, falsetto
 * Janice Soled – production coordination
 * Nicholaus Goossen – associate producer
 * Gabe Veltri – engineer, digital editing, mixing
 * Eric Mayron – tracking engineer, digital editing, mixing
 * Francis "Franny G" Graham – tracking engineer, digital editing, mixing
 * Bob Wayne – analog engineer
 * Clayton Weber – assistant engineer
 * Bernie Grundman – mastering
 * Andy Brohard – engineer
 * Mike Butler – digital editing
 * Jay Goin – digital editing
 * Ted Lobinger – digital editing, group member, sound design
 * Bryan Zee – digital editing, mixing
 * The Happy Madison Players: Orada Justatayanond, Ted Lobinger, Ching Lee, Nicholaus Goossen, Elmo Weber on "Pibb Takes the Mexican ATV Tour"

title: Shhh... Don't Tell


text:
User:Sten André

Hi, I'm Sten from the swedish wiki. sv:Användare:Sten André commons:User:Sten Andre

title: User:Sten André


text:
Alethic modality

Alethic modality (from Greek ἀλήθεια = truth) is a linguistic modality that indicates modalities of truth, in particular the modalities of logical necessity, contingency, possibility and impossibility.

Alethic modality is often associated with epistemic modality in research, and it has been questioned whether this modality should be considered distinct from epistemic modality which denotes the speaker's evaluation or judgment of the truth. The criticism states that there is no real difference between "the truth in the world" (alethic) and "the truth in an individual's mind" (epistemic). An investigation has not found a single language in which alethic and epistemic modalities would be formally distinguished, for example by the means of a grammatical mood. In such a language, "A circle can't be square", "can't be" would be expressed by an alethic mood, whereas for "He can't be that wealthy", "can't be" would be expressed by an epistemic mood. As we can see, this is not a distinction drawn in English grammar.

"You can't give these plants too much water." is a well-known play on the distinction between perhaps alethic and hortatory or injunctive modalities (it can mean either "it is impossible to give these plants too much water = giving them too much water is harmless" or "you must not give these plants too much water = giving them too much water is harmful"). The dilemma is fairly easily resolved when listening through paralinguistic cues and particularly suprasegmental cues (intonation). So while there may not be a morphologically based alethic mood, this does not seem to preclude the usefulness of distinguishing between these two types of modes. Alethic modality might then concern what are considered to be apodictic statements.

title: Alethic modality


text:
Talk:Cape Henry Memorial

Page move
I moved the page to align with the designated National Park Service title of the memorial and to avoid ambiguity.--MONGO 11:12, July 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * I am thinking this article should be moved back to Cape Henry and the content from Cape Henry Light moved here, and possibly that from Fort Story. Also, First Landing State Park should probably redirect here as well.  Currently there are three short articles (and probably a fourth in the future) related this geographic feature that could be logically merged. —  Eoghanacht  talk 20:53, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I partially agree. Cape Henry is a lot more than just the Cape Henry Memorial, which is only one of the things located there. I think that separate article on Fort Story, Cape Henry Memorial, Cape Henry Lighthouse, and even First Landing State Park are not inappropriate, so long as they are not too duplicative, and contain internal links to each other. It is not necessary to lump all related subjects into one page; under that thinking,m why not just move all of this to the Virginia Beach article, then move all off that to Virginia, etc.

 * Since I created these articles (except the one not yet written about First Landing State Park, which was formerly Seashore Sate Park, which is not totally at Cape Henry anyway), I will set about repairing them unless there is a consensus otherwise. Mark in Historic Triangle Vaoverland 21:20, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

Maybe what I find most odd is that Cape Henry redirects here (or until recently did). Perhaps the answer is to merge the Cape Henry Memorial content to Colonial National Historical Park, rename this article, and maybe (or maybe not) put the lighthouse text here. The Fort and State Park are probably not be best here after all. Alternatively, perhaps "Cape Henry" should be more of a disambigution page, linking to the other articles. Anyway, as you are more familiar with these, I won't do anything myself. — Eoghanacht  talk 12:49, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

 * My thinking is that the various articles are each of very different types. Cape Henry itself is essentially a geography feature, Cape Henry Lighthouse = history and lighthouses, Fort Story = army base, etc. I restored the original Cape Henry article, and there are internal links to all the others, which are mentioned. The individual articles should contain more detailed information of each specific nature. My thinking is that readers researching may come across their article of choice by topic, an aspect that can be lost by too much merging. (ie, if i do a Google search for lighthouses, would articles named "Cape Henry Memorial" or worse yet, "Colonial National Historical Park" logically lead me to the oldest lighthouse? likewise, I sure wouldn't want someone looking for Fort Story information to have to find "Colonial National Historical Park".

 * IMHO, I think there is room in Wikipedia for each of these articles. However, I am part of the collaborative effort her, so we should entertain and consider arguments to the contrary. Respectfully (and thanks for your efforts), Mark in Historic Triangle of Virginia. Vaoverland 00:58, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

Query re "Memorial" at Cape Henry
"Cape Henry Cross" was dedicated by the National Society Daughters of the American Colonists on April 26, 1935, proclaimed "Cape Henry Day' by the Mayor. As the dedication plaque clearly states, the cross was dedicated to commemorate the first landing of English settlers on the anniversary date of the landing, not to memorialize anything, including the planting of the first cross on April 29, 1607.

A request has -as of today- been made of the NPS and its historian Dr. Robert Selig to justify its use of the term "Memorial" for any reason other than because the cross was relocated into its Memorial Park in 1981. As both the Colonial National Park Superintendent and the cited historian are friends of mine, I expect a speedy reply. (I'll hope the name will change with a reversion to its original name and, along with it, all errors which are a result of it.

Also, those of you who live near me (I am 5 mins from Cape Henry), email me. I'm the Treasurer/Recording Secy of the Order of Cape Henry 1607... ooh la la la yawn la. Let's figure out the best place for these articles (as long as it has no reference to "Memorial.") Matt Hogident (talk) 03:20, 22 June 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Cape Henry Memorial. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20031003001421/http://www.nps.gov:80/colo/capeheny/capeheny.html to http://www.nps.gov/colo/capeheny/capeheny.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:05, 14 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cape Henry Memorial


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Brian H. Graham

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete both. There have been a number of "keep" votes from anonymous users and entirely new users. Such votes are not always discounted, but due to the sheer number of them, I think that almost all of those votes come from the same person (for instance I cannot assume that it's a coincidence that at least three of the anonymous votes are from Jacksonville, Florida?) All those votes have therefore been discounted as possible votes from sockpuppets. Sjakkalle (Check!)  11:27, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Brian H. Graham and Brian Graham
''Note. If kept, one title should be moved to Brian_Houston_Graham and the other becomes a redirect.''

Doesn't sound particularly notable to me, but, um, yeah, might as well get a second opinion. GarrettTalk 11:13, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Speedy Delete under the new criteria as an apparent vanity article making no assertion of notability. --Blu Aardvark | (talk) 11:16, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Not a speedy. He has a claim to notability (important position in three Florida political organizations, endorsements from U.S. congress people), but I would argue that he falls short of the bar. Google hits are quite low, and a more open-ended search makes it clear that he's not even one of the better-knonw "Brian Grahams" out there. -Hermil 11:44, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Clearly not a speedy, but delete nevertheless as per Harmil. Meelar (talk) 13:59, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep This is part of article http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Republicans why in the world would you delete it and make the article incomplete?
 * Speedy keep It would be unfair to delete based on the Google search. This is clearly a common name.  He is also found as Brian H. Graham and Brian Houston Graham. He is a national political figure with the Young Republicans and Fix Our Future.  His father is a prominent Republican Party leader. He's the finance chairman for multiple political organizations. He's been endorsed by US Senators, Congressmen, candidates for Governor and he's only 21 years old.  That sounds like he's worthy to me. Blueyez941 06:05, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * User has four previous edits, three on this page.

 * Delete. The articles do assert notability, but I assert otherwise.  Being an officer in various political organizations does not make someone notable.  Aspiring politicians and minor political organizations are a dime a dozen. The Young Republicans are well-known, but does that make their assistant treasurer notable?  Not quite.  Isomorphic 06:20, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete both, notability not established. JamesBurns 08:06, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * keep as the publisher of the of the Clay Chronicle newspaper in Clay County, Florida and political leader of many organizations he has established notability. The thing that makes Wikipedia worthwhile is the extra information found here.  We will set a very bad example by deleting this article.  There are hundreds of "less notable" article on people in Wikipedia, if we delete them we are doing an incredible disservice.JasonRecore 10:15, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * User has two previous edits

 * Speedy Keep I agree with JasonRecore. Without lesser notable people, Wikipedia is not worth going to.  Why are some attacking this one when there are SO many others of similar value?EdDean 11:44, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Users first edit

 * Speedy Keep  There is no legitimate reason why we'd even consider deleting this article. It sounds more personal(or should I say political) than anything else.TruthSquad 12:57, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * User has one previous edit

 * Keep  I agree with EdDean above.Citely 13:12, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Above vote by 68.218.201.16, not by Citely as signed.
 * ''Above vote is by me! I am not sure why RHaworth is so passionate about this site. There are many more important things than people I don't know.  RHaworth, please leave me out of your attacks. Citely 03:05, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

 * KEEP In case you want to say my vote doesn't count before. Citely 03:05, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Note:The above two entries are this User's first 2 edits. --Ragib 01:40, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

 * KEEP I find the article delightful. BrianHGraham 22:04, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Note:User's first edit. --Ragib 01:51, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Note. All keep "votes" so far are from registered users whose only contribs have been or here or related to here. The anon's contributions are only a little more diverse. -- RHaworth 03:52:35, 2005-07-28 (UTC)
 * Delete . Not only because non-notable but because BHG and his supporters (or sock puppets) have shown themselves by their behaviour unworthy of being in Wikipedia. JasonRecore vandalised this VfD page thus. An anon vandalised it thus. Zebolany (who, strangely, has not voted here) removed the VfD notice from one of the articles and then, when I re-instated the VfD tag, Zebolany vandalised several pages that I have created. And they could not even manage to link properly to Young Republicans - which might have helped. (Incidentally, did you know that "Brian … has raised over ,000 in less than one year for the Florida Federation of Young Republicans". ) -- RHaworth 03:52:35, 2005-07-28 (UTC)
 * Userify, ie. move to User:BrianHGraham. It is unusual, but there is no reason why Young_Republicans should not link to a user page. -- RHaworth 06:45:48, 2005-07-29 (UTC)
 * another comment. I am not sure why poor old Brian was singled out for the VfD grilling - possibly just cos his article was a bit too stubby. If he gets voted off, then it casts doubt on the other articles created so far for the YR officers: Nicolee Ambrose, Tim Kolpien (copyvio), Zack Scrivner, Glenn Murphy and Heather Harlow. -- RHaworth 07:06:59, 2005-07-29 (UTC)
 * keep not eveyone is as skilled as others with this site. That does not mean they do not use this site and certainly doesn't mean this article should be deleted.  66.157.230.18 20:55, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep This is the first time I have ever made a comment. If that makes what I have to say worthless, I wanted it to be out there on the table.  However, I often use Wikipedia!  It is my number one source of free information.  It seems as if this has become too personal on both sides.  I have added some of the information I have found on the web.  Clearly when a 21 year old man is publisher of a major newspaper, he is worthy of an article.  He's been endorsed by every major political figure in the South and has been recognized by numerous organizations for his ability to raise large sums of money.  I am nearly 3 times the age of this young man, and I have not accomplished half what he has. 68.218.158.180 21:29, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Keep this article but move to Brian H. Graham. Notability has clearly been established. My only concern is how common the name Brian Grahamis.  Changing it to Brian H. Graham is the best solution. 68.154.239.90 21:42, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Note I made an error so I had to edit my previous comment. Since that seems to create some sort of controversy, I wanted to apologize for not being perfect. 68.154.239.90 21:42, 29 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep If Graham is vote off then there are hundreds of other people that need to go too. There are many barely notable people on Wikipedia.  In fact, that is one of the reasons Wikipedia is so popular.  If we take that away then this site will be seriously lacking. 68.218.133.3 03:00, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Nother note. IP addresses for all the anons that have contributed so far are all registered to: BellSouth.net Inc., Atlanta, GA. Note to Citely above. I am a staunch supporter of the apathy party - I do not actually give a [expletive deleted] about BHG. I do however get very annoyed when people vandalise articles and try and make what is probably just one person, look like a crowd. Members of a political party, should act like grown-up responsible citizens. You are not presenting a very good image of the GOP. -- RHaworth 09:19:10, 2005-07-30 (UTC)

 * Delete: Vanity, NN. Also the author's attempt to use sockpuppets to manipulate this vfd is noticeable. --Ragib 23:27, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Note Vandalizing articles is completely unacceptable, but so are the insults. Both sides are wrong on this issue.  I do not know Mr. grahm and do not really care what you do with the article.  I am very disappointed in the "keeps" as much as the "deletes".  If I were the gentleman we're talking about I would not want anything to do with this site.  And for all we know, he may not have a clue about the site. As for Ragib's insult. Isn't that a violation of the use of this site?  Citely 01:08, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Note Internet search shows Graham lives in Florida and not Atlanta, Ga. Why is someone across the sea so involved?  Could this all just be political?Citely
 * Keep I'm not going to join the childish comments. This has become far too personal.  This is a witch hunt and needs to stop. GROW UP 64.12.116.198 01:12, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong delete someone poke the sockpuppets. Dunc|☺ 21:30, 1 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Masa (musician)

Masa is a Japanese musician who was a member of GacktJOB, Gackt's band. He has also been in the disbanded Spiky, Dizzy Drive and Marmarsa☆mu (マァマァサ☆ムゥ).

Biography
Masa was born on the 30th of September in Kyoto, year unknown. After graduating from a vocational school (専門学校), he went to the U.S.A. alone and took the TOEFL after one year. He then studied music at a university for three years. He learned the English language while living in New York for four years. A day after he graduated from the university, he returned home.

Being raised in a rather strict family and never really having watched TV in his childhood except for educational programs, he came a long way from the boy listening to Bon Jovi on borrowed cassette tapes and singing covers of Kurt Cobain songs to being the accomplished international musician he was later. After buying his first CD, Metallica's "...Justice For All", it was the song "One" which inspired him to play the guitar. He started to learn it with getting lessons from an older friend in the neighbourhood who had a band. He paid for the lessons with working as a roadie for them. In junior high and high school years he formed various bands, playing in sessions at first and later in live houses around the area. Feeling restricted by the rules and regulations of the Japanese school system he decided to go to America.

So, after graduating from Vocational School he went to New York alone. He had no knowledge in English and arrived with just one suitcase and his guitar. "I was truly starting from nothing but it's from nothing that you can be reborn." he said. Studying English in language school with fellow students from all over the world, he went from the lowest to the highest level in three months only. To attend the university he wanted, he needed a score of at least 550 in the TOEFL exam. After only getting about 300 on first try, he went back to studying for another ten months and finally reached his goal. He went to the Parsons School of Design to study music, art, English and more. There he became an excellent guitarist, being able to play all kinds of different styles like classical, jazz or rock. He was also able to play in many sessions there with all kinds of musicians, enjoying the more flexible and independent ways of the music business in America.

After four years of studying and living in New york he returned to Japan one day after graduation and only one week later was hired by Yusuke Asada (U-SKE Asada), a famous producer and artist who has performed with major label groups like Chara, produced video game and movie soundtracks and major artists like Crystal Kay. He says about this time that it was his true beginning as a musician. During this time he also met Gackt who asked him to play as a guitarist in GacktJob for his Mars Tour in 2000. He continued his work there until spring 2002 when he decided to go independent and start his solo career as the front man in the band Spiky. "I wanted to be able to grow as a composer in my own right, as well as being able to write lyrics and become a vocalist." he said. They toured Japan and released eleven CDs until he left in the end of 2004. They held two final concerts in 2006 before officially disbanding.

In the beginning of 2005 masa then formed his very own band, DIZZY DRIVE, touring Japan and releasing a couple of demo CDs and one CD album. In 2006 he felt it's time for evolution and radically changed the image and musical style of the band. With the members still staying the same more or less, the band name was changed to マァマァサ☆ムゥ. Sadly, just after having achieved national recognition and getting ready to a tour of Japan in February 2007, their activities came to a screeching halt when masa was involved in a near fatal traffic accident. After a long recovery time he resumed his work and returned on stage in October of the same year. After some concerts, demo CDs and even a TV appearance masa finally decided to take a break for an indefinite period of time and so マァマァサ☆ムゥ disbanded in March 2008. He also played in various session lives covering Buck-Tick and LunaSea songs among others.

- Credits: Various sources online and the article about masa in the first issue of Five For magazine (December 2007) which also features an interview with him.]

GacktJOB, Spiky, Dizzy Drive and マァマァサ☆ムゥ
Masa worked with Yusuke Asada as support and later backed-up Gackt, joining his project as the electro-, drum-acoustic- and rhythm guitarist of GacktJOB, from which he first rose to fame in the Japanese music scene. There are many stories and rumors circulating about the first meeting between Gackt and Masa; a popular story among fans is that Gackt met Masa in New York and wanted to see him play the guitar, but Masa pretended that he couldn't play and watched Gackt's own guitar playing instead.

Masa decided to leave GacktJOB to work on his own career with Spiky, for which he was vocalist and guitarist. During this time Spiky released 2 singles, 6 maxi singles, 1 album and 2 mini albums. However, the project Spiky came to a halt as Masa left in 2005 to start his very own project, Dizzy Drive. The remaining members tried to recruit a new vocalist and the new formation was supposed to debut on the same day as Masa with DIZZY DRIVE, but it never happened. After two final lives in August 2006 Spiky officially announced their disbanding.

In the beginning of June 2006, Masa announced that with the agreement of all members, DIZZY DRIVE would start over with a new concept; since they couldn't identify with their old band name anymore, they also created a new name. The last concert under the name of DIZZY DRIVE was on the second of July. Masa also started to work as a guitarist again, first with the session band JET STREAM ATTACK (covering Buck-Tick) in June and then on the second Summer Festival, organized by Seventh Heaven with the session band Sin After Sin (covering Luna Sea) in July; he also performed as a singer with Spiky again in August 2006 in two lives, acoustic and electric, which seemed to have been the end of that project. A break was announced until September 2006, after which he returned with his new project, マァマァサ☆ムゥ, which consisted of the same members as DIZZY DRIVE but with the new concept and style. Instead of the more rock attitude of DIZZY DRIVE, their shows are now quite theatrical and the music has a touch of eighties rock. Junn decided to leave the band in January 2007 but due to Masa's nearly fatal road accident, the announcement was postponed until July. From the time of the comeback concert in October 2007 until the final concert in March 2008, Masanori joined the band for support again, but they remained officially only three members.

On the March 16, 2008, マァマァサ☆ムゥ disbanded and Masa announced that he would take a break for the time being. He does not know if he will return as a singer, guitarist, or both, and has not said when he'll return.

Projects
Masa has participated in several projects since his introduction to the Japanese music scene: GacktJOB, Spiky, Dizzy Drive and マァマァサ☆ムゥ

Spiky
Members:
 * Masa, vocalist/guitarist
 * dai (Dai Okumura), guitar
 * KG (Tanabe Keiji), keyboard/producer
 * Matchy (Matchida Takayuki), bass
 * Toshi (Toshiyuki Sugino, also former GacktJOB), drums
 * YAMACHI, guitar
 * Tomo, bass
 * Matsukichi, drums

Dizzy Drive
Members: Their official logo was JETBOY and their official fanclub (shared with Spiky) was known as CHRONICLE.
 * Masa, vocalist/guitarist
 * Tak, guitarist(also guitarist for Calmando Qual, an indies band, and Syaranosui)
 * Junn, bass/guitar
 * AKITO, drums
 * Masanori (nori), bass

Dizzy Drive
1st Demo CD(22 May 2005) (sold at the Kashiwa CLUB ZaX live, limited)
 * GET NAKED
 * REAL

2nd Demo CD(15 July 2005) (sold at the Kumagaya Club Vogue live, limited)
 * Driving High
 * サイレン
 * Curtain Call #1

3rd Demo CD(6 September 2005) (sold at the Fukuoka DRUM Be-1 live, limited)
 * Over The Window
 * [es]

SUPER SONIC(1 March 2006)
 * Super Sonic
 * Monster
 * [es]
 * Love Tricky
 * DC ~Destructed Creation~
 * Driving High

DVDR 1(21 January 2006) (sold at the Takadanobaba CLUB PHASE Fanclub Event, limited)
 * Over The Window
 * REAL

DVD Evolution(14 May 2006) (sold at the YOKOHAMA CLUB 24 live, limited)
 * SUPER SONIC
 * Monster
 * It's killing me
 * Love Tricky
 * [es]
 * DC
 * Excuse
 * Over The Window
 * Ordinary World
 * GET NAKED
 * REAL
 * AGAINST
 * スーパーソニック
 * Driving High
 * Little by little
 * Fanclub Event 'Day of Amuse'
 * スーパーソニック
 * Photoshooting on the other side of the Camera

Presented CD(August 2005) (sent to the Fanclub members as a Good-bye-present)
 * Sign

マァマァサ☆ムゥ
1st Demo CD(2 September 2006) (sold at the Roppongi Morph Tokyo live, limited)
 * 僕のエンジェル

2nd Demo CD(30 September 2006) (sold at the Yokohama Soundhall live, limited)
 * 不埒なプラチナ

3rd Demo CD(20 October 2006) (sold at the Takadanobaba AREA live, limited)
 * 恋はデンジェラス

4th Demo CD(22 November 2006) (sold at the Shinjuku LOFT live, limited)
 * 危険なふたり (Cover-version)

5th Demo CD(2 December 2006) (sold at the Kashiwa ZAX live, limited)
 * 情熱パール

6th Demo CD(10 December 2006) (sold at the Yokohama CLUB 24 live, limited)
 * またたく夜空、今は幻

7th Demo CD(29 December 2006) (sold at the Roppongi morph-tokyo live, limited)
 * 7 Colors

8th Demo CD(6 October 2007) (sold at the Roppongi morph-tokyo live, limited)
 * Opening
 * 恋はデンジェラス
 * 不埒なプラチナ
 * 僕のエンジェル
 * Ending

DVD-R(6 October 2007) (sold at the Roppongi morph-tokyo live, limited)
 * PV of 不埒なプラチナ

9th Demo CD(4 November 2007) (sold at the Ueno SENSATION live, limited)
 * 神様 Loving You

10th Demo CD(2 December 2007) (sold at the Shibuya GUILTY live, limited)
 * Rhapsody

11th Demo CD(27 December 2007) (sold at the Ueno SENSATION live, limited)
 * 星屑の舞踏会

12th Demo CD(26 January 2008) (sold at the Ueno SENSATION live, limited)
 * Excuse

13th Demo CD(24 February 2008) (sold at the Ueno SENSATION live, limited)
 * ひとりじめ

14th Demo CD(16 March 2008) (sold at the Roppongi morph-tokyo live, limited)
 * Love Tricky (マァマァサ☆ムゥ Ver.)

Dear.Angel(16 March 2008) (sold at the Roppongi morph-tokyo live, limited, マァマァサ☆ムゥBest)
 * OPENING
 * Excuse
 * Rhapsody
 * 情熱パール
 * 危険なふたり
 * ブルーライト
 * 不埒なプラチナ
 * 恋はデンジェラス
 * 神様 Loving You
 * 星屑の舞踏会
 * 僕のエンジェル
 * 7 Colors
 * ひとりじめ
 * Ending

Official

 * マァマァサ☆ムゥ official web site
 * Seventh Heaven

Unofficial

 * masa fan-site (it's back up and running)
 * masa Interview

title: Masa (musician)