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Chief Jay Strongbow

Luke Joseph Scarpa (October 4, 1928 – April 3, 2012) was an American professional wrestler and WWE Hall of Famer who was best known by the ring name Chief Jay Strongbow. Much like his contemporary Wahoo McDaniel, he portrayed a Native American wrestler, who wore a war bonnet to the ring and would "go on the warpath" when the fans started cheering him against an opponent. In reality (and unlike McDaniel, who was an actual Choctaw-Chickasaw Native-American), Jay was an Italian-American who much like actor Iron Eyes Cody portrayed an Indian to stand-out more. His best accomplishments are in WWWF where he was a 4-time World Tag-Team Champion.

National Wrestling Alliance (1947–1970)
Scarpa's wrestling career began in 1947, under his real name. He was trained by second generation Native American wrestler Chief Don Eagle. He was a standout in the Georgia and Florida territories of the National Wrestling Alliance throughout the 1950s and 1960s, winning several championships and becoming a fan favorite. He won the NWA (Georgia) Southern Tag Team titles with Chief Little Eagle in Georgia Championship wrestling in 1965. During his time in Georgia he was also the Inaugural NWA National Television Championship when he won an 8-man tournament by beating Assassin #2 in the finals. By the time he went over to WWWF, he was already a 12 Tag-Team and 6 Time singles champion.

World Wide Wrestling Federation (1970–1979)
In 1970, Scarpa began working for Vincent J. McMahon's World Wide Wrestling Federation as Chief Jay Strongbow, a Native American gimmick complete with a traditional headdress and Native themed wrestling moves. He feuded with the likes of "The Golden Greek" Spiros Arion, "Handsome Jimmy" Valiant, and Superstar Billy Graham, nearly winning the WWWF World Heavyweight Championship. A memorable match against "Iron Mike" McCord featured Strongbow applying his sleeper hold. But Lou Albano, McCord's manager, interfered by smashing a cast on the Chief's forehead. It was alleged that Strongbow had previously jumped Albano in the locker room, breaking his arm. McCord was disqualified, but Strongbow was cut wide open by Albano's blows. Strongbow settled the score in front of a sold-out crowd at Madison Square Garden, beating Captain Lou Albano convincingly.

Strongbow picked up a win at Madison Square Garden in the summer of 1970, shortly after he entered the WWWF, pinning top contender Crusher Verdu, who was managed by Lou Albano.

In 1975, he began feuding with Spiros Arion. Arion, a popular and seemingly unbeatable babyface, returned to the WWWF after an absence and teamed with Strongbow. Arion turned on Strongbow, destroying his headdress on Philadelphia television after he had tied Strongbow in the ropes, and rubbed the feathers in his face. Arion was now a heel, and pinned Strongbow in eastern arenas as he went on to challenge champion Bruno Sammartino.

Strongbow won his first WWWF World Tag Team Championship on May 22, 1972, with partner Sonny King. They defeated the team of Baron Mikel Scicluna and King Curtis Iaukea. Strongbow and King held the title for a month before losing it to the team of Mr. Fuji and Professor Toru Tanaka on June 27.

Four and a half years later, on December 7, 1976, Strongbow won his second WWWF World Tag Team Championship, this time with partner Billy White Wolf. The team won the title in a three-team tournament, defeating The Executioners and Nikolai Volkoff and Tor Kamata. Their reign was cut short in August 1977 when the belts were vacated due to White Wolf suffering a neck injury at the hands of Ken Patera's Swinging Neckbreaker. In October 1978, Strongbow came to blows with his tag-team partner, 'High Chief' Peter Maivia in a match with The Yukon Lumberjacks, both of them feuding over who should start the match. When things seemed to settle, Maivia came up behind Strongbow and clubbed him on the back of the head before walking off back to the dressing room leaving Strongbow to be assaulted by the Yukon Lumberjacks.

In 1979, he feuded with Greg "The Hammer" Valentine, who broke Strongbow's leg. The two wrestled all over the WWF circuit, including an "Indian Strap match" at Madison Square Garden on July 30, 1979.

Big Time Wrestling (1976)
Strongbow also competed for The Sheik's Big Time Wrestling promotion in Detroit. He had a memorable feud with "Bulldog" Don Kent, which culminated in a "shark cage match" in 1976. Strongbow and Kent fought inside of a small shark cage, with the first man to escape being declared the winner. With an assist from fellow fan favorite Mark Lewin, Strongbow was able to escape the shark cage victorious.

NWA Georgia / Mid-Atlantic and other territories (1980–1981)
After wrestling in the WWF for 9 years, Strongbow went to work for Georgia Championship Wrestling and Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling. In Detroit he feuded with Don Kent once again. Then he feuded with Baron Von Raschke in Georgia. He won the WWC Caribbean Heavyweight Championship defeating Luke Graham on October 11, 1980, in Puerto Rico. Then dropped the title on December 20 to Danny Condrey. In 1981 he went to Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling where he feuded with Kevin Sullivan.

World Wrestling Federation (1982–1986)
In 1982, Strongbow formed a tag team with his on-screen brother, Jules Strongbow. On June 28, the Strongbows won the tag team championship from the team of Mr. Fuji and Mr. Saito in New York City's Madison Square Garden. During the match, special guest referee Ivan Putski counted the winning fall, but did not see Fuji's foot draped over the bottom rope. On the July 13 episode of Championship Wrestling, the Strongbows lost the titles back to Fuji and Saito, but on the October 26 episode of Championship Wrestling, the Strongbows defeated Fuji and Saito for their second WWF Tag Team Championship reign as a team. On the March 8, 1983 episode of Championship Wrestling, the Strongbows lost the titles to The Wild Samoans (Afa and Sika). After failing in regaining the belts, the Strongbows disbanded. Strongbow went into jobbing.

Retirement (1986–2011)
Strongbow retired in 1986, but would still step back into the ring from time to time, most notably for a legends battle royal in East Rutherford, New Jersey in 1987. In retirement, Strongbow became a WWF road agent and worked in the company's front office. Strongbow was not a popular backstage figure, derided by The Honky Tonk Man and Bret Hart amongst others whilst Randy Savage stated that Strongbow "killed more young wrestlers’ careers than drugs."

He also participated in a 1994 storyline in which he mentored Tatanka (an actual Native American of the Lumbee tribe). Strongbow was inducted into the WWF Hall of Fame class of 1994 by Gorilla Monsoon. Strongbow's last appearance in WWE was a brief appearance on the November 17, 2008 episode of Monday Night Raw when Stephanie McMahon introduced him to the audience in Atlanta.

Personal life
His son, Joe Jr. wrestled in the 1980s and early 1990s mainly as Mark Pyle and Mark Young in the WWF from 1986–1990 and Vince Young in WCW. Joe Jr. died in 2016 at the age of 48. He also has a daughter Connie Pacheco of Portland, Oregon. Following his retirement, he lived on a farm in Georgia.

Death
Scarpa fell at his home in late 2011 and was hospitalized. He died in that hospital on April 3, 2012, at the age of 83. He was buried in Griffin, Georgia.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Georgia Championship Wrestling
 * NWA Southern Tag Team Championship (Georgia version) (1 time) - with Chief Little Eagle
 * NWA National Television Championship (1 time)
 * Jim Crockett Promotions
 * NWA Southern Tag Team Championship (Mid-Atlantic version) (2 times) - with Don Curtis
 * Championship Wrestling from Florida
 * NWA Brass Knuckles Championship (Florida version) (2 times)
 * NWA Florida Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * NWA Southern Tag Team Championship (Florida version) (3 times) - with Jose Lothario
 * NWA World Tag Team Championship (Florida version) (1 time) - with Don Curtis
 * Gulf Coast Championship Wrestling
 * NWA Gulf Coast Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * NWA Southern Tag Team Championship (Gulf Coast version) (2 times) - with Lee Fields
 * NWA Mid-America
 * NWA Mid-America World Tag Team Championship (3 times) - with Lester Welch (2) and Alex Perez (1)
 * NWA Tri-State Heavyweight Championship (Alabama version) (1 time)
 * Mid-South Sports
 * NWA Georgia Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * NWA Macon Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with El Mongol
 * NWA World Tag Team Championship (Georgia version) (1 time) - with Don Curtis
 * New England Pro Wrestling Hall of Fame
 * Class of 2011
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * PWI Most Popular Wrestler of the Year (1973)
 * PWI Most Inspirational Wrestler of the Year (1979)
 * PWI ranked him # 214 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003.
 * Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
 * (Class of 2009)
 * World Wrestling Council
 * WWC Caribbean Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * World Wide Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Federation
 * WWWF/WWF Tag Team Championship (4 times) - with Sonny King (1), Billy White Wolf (1), and Jules Strongbow (2)
 * WWF Hall of Fame (Class of 1994)
 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 * Most Washed Up Wrestler (1983)

title: Chief Jay Strongbow


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Harbor Park

Harbor Park is a stadium, used primarily for baseball, on the Elizabeth River, in downtown Norfolk, Virginia. Once rated the best minor league stadium by Baseball America, it is home to the Norfolk Tides Minor League Baseball team. The Tides are the Baltimore Orioles' Triple-A farm team and compete in the International League. Harbor Park opened on April 14, 1993, and can seat 12,067 people.

Features
Seating includes 9,000 lower deck seats, 2,800 upper deck seats and a 300-person capacity picnic area. The stadium also features 24 luxury skyboxes with seating for 400, and a 225-seat full-service restaurant with a panoramic view of the field from the first base side. A record crowd of 14,263 was reached August 31, 1996.

The field is a natural grass playing surface which features a state of the art irrigation and drainage system. The outfield dimensions are 333 feet to the left field foul pole, 400 feet to straightaway center, and 318 down the right field line.

A pair of video boards of which its combined size is the largest in the minor leagues were installed prior to the 2022 regular season. The replacement of the previous scoreboard in right field has a height and width of 32 by 114 feet (9.75 by 34.75 meters) and is second in size to the one at Las Vegas Ballpark. The newer video board in left field is 24 by 60 feet (7.32 by 18.29 meters). Both were constructed by Daktronics.

Throughout the 1990s, the stadium served as the home field for some of Norfolk's high school football games, primarily Maury, Granby, and Booker T. Washington. In 1996, BTW opened a new stadium on the school campus; in 2005, Maury and Granby moved to a new facility, Powhatan Field. In the past, the stadium also hosted high school football postseason games, although that has not happened since 2012.

Transportation
The Tide light rail has a station along Park Avenue, adjacent to Harbor Park stadium. Amtrak also has its Norfolk station adjacent to the stadium.

Notable events
Harbor Park hosted the 1998 Triple-A All-Star Game in which the International League All-Stars defeated the Pacific Coast League All-Stars, 8–4.

During Major League Baseball's search for a new home for the Montreal Expos, Norfolk submitted a proposal which would have expanded Harbor Park to temporarily accommodate a major league team. Norfolk's bid was rejected and the Expos eventually became the Washington Nationals.

On March 30, 2007, the Washington Nationals played an exhibition game against the Baltimore Orioles at Harbor Park. The game was sold out two weeks in advance; attendance was 12,408. The Orioles and Nationals played another exhibition game in 2009; the Orioles and Tides also play each other in occasional exhibition games, having done so in 2012, 2014, and 2018.

On October 28, 2008, Barack Obama held a rally at Harbor Park.

On December 16, 2008, the city of Norfolk approved a plan by the Tides to build a party deck in right field, behind the home team's bullpen. Completed in March 2009, two weeks before an Orioles–Nationals exhibition game, the deck holds 400 people but did not increase stadium capacity, except during sold-out games, when the deck accommodates some overflow. The right field fence was moved in 20 feet, to accommodate the deck, setting it at its current distance of 318 feet.

The concert band piece Harbor Park Holiday, written in 1996 by Norfolk native James L. Hosay, was written about Harbor Park.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Harbor Park


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Benefits Of Aloe Vera

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  10:00, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

The Benefits Of Aloe Vera
Unencyclopedic content, and terribly POV. Delete Dr Gangrene 12:36, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Very POV, poorly written, and any factual information that may be hidden here is already available at Aloe Vera. Decapod73 13:36, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for reasons given by Decapod73. Unencyclopedic topic because topic itself is not NPOV, so do not leave as redirect. No useful content to merge anywhere. Dpbsmith (talk) 13:56, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Friday 14:28, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Elf | Talk 17:43, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete not encyclopedic as statements are not supported by empyrical evidence. --jonasaurus 21:32, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non-encyclopedic/pointless. --Etacar11 00:44, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Useless and it doesn't even mention that Aloe Vera is good for treatment of minor burns! FunkyChicken! 06:06, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I spent five minutes to copyedit the article and restate its claims that aloe is effective for certain things with claims that aloe is used to treat those things. What is left is a single sentence which I think would be completely unobjectionable if merged into the aloe article.  Wouldn't it have been easier to do this in the first place rather than going through VfD? — Pekinensis 23:28, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Psychological adaptation

A psychological adaptation is a functional, cognitive or behavioral trait that benefits an organism in its environment. Psychological adaptations fall under the scope of evolved psychological mechanisms (EPMs), however, EPMs refer to a less restricted set. Psychological adaptations include only the functional traits that increase the fitness of an organism, while EPMs refer to any psychological mechanism that developed through the processes of evolution. These additional EPMs are the by-product traits of a species’ evolutionary development (see spandrels), as well as the vestigial traits that no longer benefit the species’ fitness. It can be difficult to tell whether a trait is vestigial or not, so some literature is more lenient and refers to vestigial traits as adaptations, even though they may no longer have adaptive functionality. For example, xenophobic attitudes and behaviors, some have claimed, appear to have certain EPM influences relating to disease aversion, however, in many environments these behaviors will have a detrimental effect on a person's fitness. The principles of psychological adaptation rely on Darwin's theory of evolution and are important to the fields of evolutionary psychology, biology, and cognitive science.

Darwinian theory
Charles Darwin proposed his theory of evolution in On the Origin of Species (1859). His theory dictates that adaptations are traits that arise from the selective pressures a species faces in its environment. Adaptations must benefit either an organism's chance of survival or reproduction to be considered adaptive, and are then passed down to the next generation through this process of natural selection. Psychological adaptations are those adaptive traits that we consider cognitive or behavioral. These can include conscious social strategies, subconscious emotional responses (guilt, fear, etc.), or the most innate instincts. Evolutionary psychologists consider a number of factors in what determines a psychological adaptation, such as functionality, complexity, efficiency, and universality. The Adapted Mind is considered a foundational text on evolutionary psychology, further integrating Darwinian theory into modern psychology.

Evolved adaptation vs learned behaviour
An area of disagreement arises between evolutionary psychologists, cognitive scientists and behaviourists on where to draw the line on what is considered a psychological adaptation, and what is considered a learned behaviour. Where behaviourism explains certain behaviours as conditioned responses, cognitivism may push that these behaviours arise from a psychological adaptation that institutes a preference for that behaviour. Evolutionary psychology proposes that the human psychology consists primarily of psychological adaptations, which is opposed by the tabula rasa or blank slate model of human psychology. Early behaviourists, like B.F. Skinner, tended to the blank slate model and argued that innate behaviors and instincts were few, some behaviourists suggesting that the only innate behavior was the ability to learn. On the other hand, Steven Pinker presents the cognitivist perspective in his book, The Blank Slate, in which he challenges the tabula rasa models and argues that human behaviour is shaped by psychological adaptations.

This difference in theory can be seen in research on modern human sexual preferences, with behaviourists arguing that attraction has conditioning influences, such as from the media or cultural norms, while others arguing it is based on psychological adaptations. However, sexual preferences are a difficult subject to test due to the amount of variance and flexibility exhibited in human mate choice. A hybrid resolution to psychological adaptations and learned behaviours refers to an adaptation as the species’ capacity for a certain behavior, while each individual organism still needs to be conditioned to exhibit that behaviour. This approach can explain language acquisition in relation to linguist and cognitive scientist Noam Chomsky's model of human language. His model supports that the capacity for language is a psychological adaptation (involving both the language necessary brain structures and disposition for language acquisition), however, children lack any particular instantiation of language at birth, and must instead learn one in their environment.

Sexual selection
The mating strategies of both sexes can be simplified into different psychological adaptations. There is extensive evidence that incest avoidance, which is the tendency to avoid sexual intercourse with close relatives is an evolved behavioural adaptation. Incest avoidance can be seen cross-culturally in humans, and is evident in wild animals. Evolutionary psychologists argue that incest avoidance adapted due to the greater chance of producing children with severe disabilities when mating with relatives, and because genetic variability offers an increase in fitness regarding offspring survival. Sexual jealousy is another behavior observed in human and non-human animals that appears to be instinctual. Heuristic problem solving and consistent preference for behavioral patterns are considered by some evolutionary psychologists to be psychological adaptations. For example, the tendency for females to change their sexual strategies when faced with developmental pressures such as an absent father may be the result of a psychological adaptation.

Psychological adaptation in males
Human males have developed psychological adaptations, which make them attractive to the opposite sex in order to increase their reproductive success. Evolutionarily, it pays for a male to be polygynous – to have a number of female partners at once – because it means he can create more offspring at once, as they don't have to invest any time in carrying a foetus. Examples of some of these other adaptations include strategies to entice females, strategies to retain a partner and the desire for short-term relationships.

Humour
It has been researched that humour is sexually selected and acts as a fitness indicator. According to this research it was concluded the production of humour increases mate value in men, and some women seek men with a good sense of humour. In turn, some men are believed to have developed an adaptation in which they endeavour to produce humour with the aim to attract female mates.

Waist-to-hip ratio
Human males have developed an adaptation in which they find women more attractive if they show cues of fertility, such as a good waist–hip ratio. Women with a waist-to-hip ratio of 0.7 are considered more attractive to males than those with a ratio of 0.8, who are considered to have a more masculine figure. This is because they are perceived to be able to have children more and to be more fertile and healthy.

Mate retention
Males have developed behaviours that help them to retain a mate, also known as mate guarding, in order to enhance reproductive success in long-term relationships. Examples are intersexual manipulations which involves the male manipulating the way his partner views their current relationship and to repulse her from other relationships. He could do this by enhancing his own value or decreasing the value of other males. In extreme cases, some men have developed intersexual adaptations that restrict their partner from interacting with other men, including the use of violence. By doing this, women may be less able to leave that relationship, even if it is due to fear. On the other hand, intrasexual manipulations are used to reduce any other options for the women, which could include decreasing their partner's value or make it clear to other males that a woman is 'theirs' by using possessive techniques such as holding her hand in public.

Parental investment
With regards to parental investment, males are much more wary when investing in offspring as they cannot guarantee that the child is theirs. Therefore, as an adaptation, males tend to only invest in offspring if there are high levels of commitment and if they were produced in a long-term relationship as opposed to short-term relationships.

Short-term mating
Some human males have also developed an adaptation in which they have a desire for short-term relationships more than some human females do. This is because men hardly have any investment obligation, whereas a female has to carry a child for nine months if she was to fall pregnant after the sexual encounter. Evolutionarily, it is thought that males have a desire to reproduce as much as they can, and short-term relationships are a good way to inseminate many women with his sperm in order for his genes to continue through generations. There is much evidence for how this short-term mating has evolved psychologically for males, beginning with the desire for a variety of sex partners. It seems that a larger percentage of men, in every culture of the world, desire more than one sex partner in one month compared to women. Furthermore, men are more likely than women to have sexual intercourse with someone having known them for only one hour, one day, one week or one month.

Problems
However, there are some adaptive problems in short-term mating that men must solve; one of these is avoiding commitment and women who might not have sex with the male until they have a signal of commitment or investment. This would reduce the number of partners a male could pursue and succeed with.

Psychological adaptation in females
Female sex-specific adaptations provide evidence of special design for the purpose of increasing fitness and in turn, reproductive success. For example, mate choice, rape aversion tactics and pregnancy sickness are all female-specific psychological adaptations, identified through empirical research, found to increase genetic contributions through survival and reproduction.

Mate-choice as an adaptation

A psychological adaptation for the purpose of reproductive success can be seen in female mate choice. David Buss, an evolutionary psychologist, examines the fundamental principles of selection pressures that create human mate preferences in his contribution to the publication The Adapted Mind. Females have evolved psychological procedures that affect mating decisions in relation to certain male physical attributes and behaviours. Robert Trivers, an evolutionary biologist, outlines the evolutionary basis of these preferences in relation to parental investment and sexual selection. He proposes that females have adapted a preference to mate with males who display both an ability and willingness to invest vital resources for the survival of the female and her offspring. Research suggests females are able to use external cues displayed by males such as territory or physical possessions.

For example, women are able to evaluate the long-term presence of testosterone in men by observing facial testosterone cues. Testosterone stimulates craniofacial development and results in a squarer jaw and consequently, a more masculine appearance. Women in the fertile phase of their menstrual cycle perceive masculine faces as healthier and more attractive than feminine male faces. Females show a psychological adaptation to detect mate quality using these hormonal cues which display the male's fitness and reproductive value. Males who display testosterone cues show a female that they are able to offset the high physiological costs such as immunosuppressant effects.

Rape avoidance
Research proposes that women have evolved psychological mechanisms specifically designed to motivate rape-avoidance behaviours or strategies. This is because rape poses severe costs for the female such as pregnancy, physical harm, injury or death, relationship abandonment and self-esteem depletion. The greatest cost to the female is the circumvention of her mate choice, which threatens reproductive success, resulting in the possession of adaptations in response. Evidence suggests that a number of female-specific traits have evolved in order to reduce the risks associated with experiencing rape. The body-guard hypothesis proposes that rape-avoidance drives women's mate preferences for physically strong or dominant males. Women may also form groups with men and women as a protective alliance against potential rapists. Psychological pain experienced following rape is also identified as an adaptive process designed to focus the female on the social circumstances surrounding the rape for future prevention.

Evidence for this as an adaptation can be seen in reproductive-aged women who are found to experience more psychological pain following rape due to an increased risk of conception. Research also suggests that women in the fertile phase of their menstrual cycle perform fewer risky behaviours that could potentially result in the risk of rape. Women's capacity to resist rape also changes relative to their menstrual cycle; females in the fertile phase show an increase in handgrip strength when placed in a threatening, sexually coercive scenario. Susceptibility to signs of a male's coerciveness is also identified to be better in fertile women.

Pregnancy sickness
One psychological adaptation found solely in women is pregnancy sickness. This is an adaptation resulting from natural selection for the purpose of avoiding toxic-containing foods during pregnancy. Margaret Profet, an evolutionary biologist, provides evidence for this adaptation in a literature review on pregnancy sickness. Particular plant foods, whilst unharmful to adults, can contain toxins (e.g. teratogens) that are dangerous for developing embryos and can potentially cause birth defects such as facial asymmetry. Evidence lies in the finding that women who experience more extreme cases of pregnancy sickness tend to be less likely to miscarry or have babies with birth defects. This fits the criteria for an adaptation as it enhances fitness and increases reproductive success – it results in greater fertility of the mother and contributes to the health of the developing embryo.

Researchers dispute whether this is actually a psychological adaptation, however evidence advocates it is the result of strong selective pressures in our hereditary past. For example, the toxins are found only in natural wild plant foods, not processed foods in our modern-day environment. Furthermore, pregnant women experiencing sickness have been found to avoid particular bitter or pungent smelling foods, potentially containing toxins. Pregnancy induced sickness only typically occurs 3 weeks after conception, around the time when the embryo has started forming major organs and is therefore at the highest risk. It is also a cross-cultural universal adaptation, a suggestion it is an innate mechanism.

title: Psychological adaptation


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Vickers K machine gun

The Vickers K machine gun, known as the Vickers Gas Operated (Vickers G.O.) or Gun, Machine, Vickers G.O. .303-inch in British service, was a rapid-firing machine gun developed and manufactured for use in aircraft by Vickers-Armstrongs. The high rate of fire was needed for the short period of time when the gunner would be able to fire at an attacking aircraft. The weapon was adopted for land use during World War II.

Development
The Vickers K was a development of the Vickers-Berthier (VB) light machine gun, adopted in 1932 by the Indian Army. The VB, like the Bren light machine gun, used a locking tilting breechblock. Unlike the Bren, the VB locked its breech only at the last moment of forward travel. With lighter moving parts and the VB locking design, the Vickers K had an adjustable rate of fire between 950 and 1,200 rounds per minute; faster than the German MG34.

The weapon was adopted for British service as the VGO. It was test-flown with a large 300-round pan magazine, and beat the .303 Browning in reliability. However, the wide pan made it difficult to fit into fighter wings and would have interfered with wing structures. When the belt-fed Browning Mark II was selected as the standard machine-gun armament for RAF aircraft, the VGO became redundant for the RAF. These guns found secondary use in many roles. It continued to be used by the Fleet Air Arm until 1945.

Variants
Some were made in 7.7mm for the Belgians before the war and at least one example of the ground variant survives in a Brussels museum.

VGO No.1 Mk.1.
The Vickers class K/Vickers G.O. machine gun is a gas-operated weapon, firing from an open bolt (thus making it non-synchronizable for firing through a spinning propeller) in full automatic mode only. Its gas cylinder is located below the barrel, and a long-stroke gas piston operates a vertically tilting bolt. Feed is from top-mounted flat pan magazines with a nominal capacity of 100 rounds, although it was customary to load only 96 or 97 rounds to ensure reliable feeding. The gun is fitted with a single spade grip at the rear of receiver, with trigger to control fire. In ground use, it was normally mounted on single or twin pintle mounts on various jeeps and trucks.

Vickers GO No.2 Mk.1 Land Service
Originally intended for RAF airfield defence units, these guns were remanufactured from original Vickers G.O. No.1 Mk.1 aircraft guns. A number of these ‘Vickers G.O. Land Service’ machine guns found their way to a variety of British commando and reconnaissance units which operated in Europe during 1944 and 1945. The Land variant has the spade grip replaced with a "semi bullpup" short stock at the rear and a pistol grip with trigger below the receiver. A short forend or a folding carrying handle are added below the gas cylinder, and a folding bipod is attached to the gas block. New iron sights are provided on folding bases.

Vickers G.O. Camera Gun
A camera gun version was made for training. The body was of cast metal. The grip and trigger mechanism were realistic. Gunners in training exposed film when "shooting" at attacking aircraft and these images were analysed later. This was a technique developed in World War I with Lewis Camera Guns.

Combat use
The Vickers K was fitted to light and medium bombers in RAF service such as the Fairey Battle and Handley Page Hampden. It was also used in gun turrets, such as the dorsal turret in the Bristol Blenheim, the nose turret in the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley and the rear of the cockpit in the Fairey Battle. It was the standard Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm "Telegraphist Air Gunner" machine gun, on British built carrier (Torpedo Strike Reconnaissance) aircraft - the Fairey Swordfish, the Fairey Albacore and the Fairey Barracuda. As supplies of air-cooled .303 in (7.7 mm) Browning machine guns increased the Vickers G.O. was phased out of use with the RAF. These machine guns were then reallocated from RAF stocks to units of the British and Commonwealth armies. The gun continued in service with the Fleet Air Arm and its last recorded use by the navy was by 812 Squadron RNAS Barracudas in anti piracy patrols off Hong Kong in October 1945.

The Long Range Desert Group was supplied with large numbers of the Vickers G.O. for use on its vehicles. They were used in single or custom built twin mountings. The Special Air Service adopted it for their hit and run tactics, mounting it in pairs on their jeeps. Over the years, it was assumed by some that the latter services took the phased-out VGO because they could obtain no other suitable machine guns but with its high rate of fire and low-friction locking design (which proved resistant to jams from sand), the LRDG and SAS found the G.O. markedly superior to either the .303 in (7.7 mm) water-cooled Vickers or the Bren gun. In a similar manner, the Airborne Reconnaissance Squadron of the Reconnaissance Corps mounted the VGO on jeeps when they were attached to the 1st Airborne Division during Operation Market-Garden in September 1944. Royal Marine and Army Commandos used the VGO for infantry support/squad automatic weapon briefly around D-Day.

In the Coastal Forces of the Royal Navy, the Vickers K began to replace the Lewis gun on board Motor Torpedo Boats, Motor Launches and other light craft, from 1942.

title: Vickers K machine gun


text: Talk:Final V.U. 1971–1973

title: Talk:Final V.U. 1971–1973


text:
User:Piccolomomo~enwiki

My name is Michele Molinari, or Momo, or Piccolomomo. I'm from Milan, Italy.

More info to come.

title: User:Piccolomomo~enwiki


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Academic Center for Law and Science

The Academic Center for Law and Science (המרכז האקדמי שערי מדע ומשפט), previously Sha'arei Mishpat Academic Center and earlier Sha'arei Mishpat College is a private college in Hod HaSharon, Israel. It was established in 1995. Justice Prof. Menachem Elon Was its founder and president for the first eight years of its existence.

The Academic Center of Law and Science offers undergraduate (LLB) and graduate (LLM) degrees in Law, and undergraduate degrees (BA) in accounting; Public administration, government and Law (BA); and administration of health systems.

Law school
The head of the School of Law is Professor Aviad Hacohen, who from October 2017 serves as the Academic Center's president.

Legal clinics
The Law School legal clinics provide the students with practical experience, combined with theoretical background. The clinics are held as a year-long course, and entitle participants to receive study credits. Participants deal with the following issues:
 * 1)  Legal Assistance and Practice:  Students work in community centers which assist those of limited means. Assistance is given in civil law issues such as contracts and small claims.
 * 2)  Enforcement of Debts:   Students work in Execution of Judgments Office, assisting both debtors and judgment creditors.
 * 3)  Assistance to Bereaved Families, Disabled Veterans and Victims of Hostilities:  Students collaborating with relevant aid organizations, assisting  those seeking legal information and help.
 * 4) The Rights of Persons with Special Needs: Students assist persons with special needs in a variety of fields including welfare, health, education, national insurance, housing, accessibility, etc.
 * 5) Environmental Law:  Students collaborate with environmental organizations and legal divisions of local authorities.
 * 6)  The Hotline for Governmental Integrity:  Students deal with information received from the public regarding allegations of governmental corruption and improper administration.
 * 7) Representation of Criminal Defendants, Suspects & Prisoners:  Students collaborate with the Public Defender's Office, taking part in court sessions, jail visits etc.
 * 8) Urban Renewal Clinic: Enables the students to thoroughly study and apply the Urban Renewal Plan 38 on reinforcement and reconstruction.
 * 9) Assistance to Victims of Sexual crimes: This clinic comprises a thorough study of the theory and practice of sexual assault and its implications.

Law reviews
The law school publishes two law reviews in Hebrew: "Sha'arei Mishpat" ("Gates of Law") and "Mishpacha Bamishpat" (Family in the Law").

School of Accounting
The Head of School of Accounting is Professor Nissim Aranya.

Interdisciplinary School of Administration, Governance and Law
The head of the Interdisciplinary School of Administration, Governance and Law is Professor Avi Diskin.

School of Health Sciences
The head of the School of Health Sciences is Professor Benjamin Sredni.

title: Academic Center for Law and Science


text:
George Thomson, Lord Thomson

George Reid Thomson, Lord Thomson, (1893 – 15 April 1962) was a Scottish Labour Party politician and judge.

Educated at the South African College, Cape Town, and Corpus Christi College, Oxford, he was a captain in the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in World War I.

He was admitted as an advocate in 1922, and appointed a King's Counsel in 1936. He was an Advocate Depute from 1940 to 1945. He sat as member of parliament (MP) for Edinburgh East from October 1945 until October 1947 and served as Lord Advocate from October 1945. He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1945.

In October 1947 he was raised to the bench as Lord Justice Clerk, replacing Lord Moncrieff. He took the judicial title Lord Thomson. He held this office until his death in 1962.

title: George Thomson, Lord Thomson


text:
Ufa Plateau

The Ufa Plateau (Уфимское Плато) is a plateau where the city of Ufa is located in Bashkortostan and Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. Parts of the Ufa, Yuryuzan River, and Ay River basins are included in the plateau. The distance between the northern and southern ends of the plateau is 150 km.

title: Ufa Plateau


text:
User:Spliced

This is the least interesting page on Wikipedia. Spliced 12:43, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Spliced


text:
Guy Carleton (bishop)

Guy Carleton (1605–1685) was an Anglican clergyman. He was Dean of Carlisle from 1660 to 1671, Bishop of Bristol from 1672 to 1679 and Bishop of Chichester from 1678 to 1685.

Life
He is said by Anthony à Wood to have been a kinsman of George Carleton. He was a native of Brampton Foot, in Gilsland, Cumberland. He was educated at the free school in Carlisle, and was sent as a servitor to Queen's College, Oxford, where he later became a Fellow. In 1635 he was made a proctor to the university.

When the First English Civil War broke out, he followed the royal army, although he had been ordained and held two livings. In an engagement with the enemy he was taken prisoner and confined in Lambeth House. He managed to escape by the help of his wife, who conveyed a cord to him, by which he was to let himself down from a window, and then make for a boat on the River Thames. The rope was too short, and in dropping to the ground he broke one of his bones, but succeeded in getting to the boat. His wife had to sell some of her clothes and work for their daily food, but they contrived to get out of the country, and joined the exiled king Charles II of England.

Immediately after the Restoration of 1660, Carleton was made dean of Carlisle. In 1671 he was promoted to the bishopric of Bristol, and in 1678 translated to the see of Chichester, but he was unpopular, and had his palace stoned during a 1679 visit by the Duke of Monmouth.

title: Guy Carleton (bishop)


text:
Talk:Bishop of St Albans

Hierachy
In the church hierachy the bishops of Bedford and Hertford, and the dean of St Albans are responsible to the Bishop of St Albans. Please do not remove this from the page, unless replacing with a better way of illustrating the hierarchy. Rich Farmbrough 12:44, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Bishop of St Albans


text:
Tarquinia gens

The gens Tarquinia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome, usually associated with Lucius Tarquinius Priscus and Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the fifth and seventh Kings of Rome. Most of the Tarquinii who appear in history are connected in some way with this dynasty, but a few appear during the later Republic, and others from inscriptions, some dating as late as the fourth century AD.

Origin
The legendary origin of the Tarquinii who reigned at Rome begins with Demaratus of Corinth, a member of the house of the Bacchiadae at Corinth, which was expelled in 657 BC. Demaratus settled at Tarquinii in Etruria, where he married an Etruscan noblewoman, and had two sons, Lucius and Arruns, who took the surname Tarquinius after the town of their birth. Denied political advancement due to his father's foreign birth, Lucius, encouraged by his wife, Tanaquil, determined to settle at Rome, where he could hope to attain high station based solely on his merits. He fell into the retinue of Ancus Marcius, the fourth Roman king, becoming his trusted advisor. Since the Roman monarchy was elective, rather than strictly hereditary, when Marcius died, Tarquinius successfully argued that he should be named the next king, in preference to the sons of Marcius. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the seventh and last Roman king, was said to have been the son or grandson of the elder Tarquin, while Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, one of the first Roman consuls, was his cousin. Other Tarquinii are mentioned as part of this family, although it is not entirely clear how some of them were related. It is likely that there were additional kings and perhaps other members of the Tarquin dynasty during this period.

It is not clear whether the early Tarquinii should be regarded as patricians or plebeians. The consul Collatinus is generally regarded as a patrician, but as Cornell explains, none of the families that claimed descent from or kinship with the Roman kings were considered patrician in later times, while none of Rome's leading patrician families is represented among the kings. The patricians may have chosen the king, but were probably not eligible for the office, and it is unlikely that the kings themselves were admitted to the patriciate once chosen. It may be that Collatinus was granted patrician status on the overthrow of the Roman monarchy; but as he then accepted exile according to the demand of his colleague, Lucius Junius Brutus, the matter becomes academic, as there was no tradition of patrician Tarquinii at Rome in later times. The Tarquinii of the later Republic were plebeians.

The nomen Tarquinius appears to be the Latin form of the Etruscan Tarchna, apparently the same as the Tarchunies named in one of the frescoes in the famous François Tomb at Vulci. The nomen is certainly derived from the city of Tarquinii, in Etruscan Tarchna or Tarchuna, after its legendary founder, the folk-hero Tarchon, although in historical times the Tarchna family had branches at both Tarquinii and Caere.

Members

 * Arruns Tarquinius, the elder son of Demaratus, died shortly before his father, who accordingly left his entire fortune to his younger son, Lucius, unaware that the wife of Arruns was pregnant, and that his first grandson would inherit nothing.
 * Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, or Tarquin the Elder, the fifth Roman king, according to tradition conquered a number of Latin and Sabine towns, built the Cloaca Maxima and drained the Roman Forum, laid out the Circus Maximus, doubled the size of the senate, and the number of the equites, the Roman cavalry, and instituted the Ludi Romani.
 * Arruns Tarquinius Ar. f. Collatinus, the first grandson of Demaratus, was deprived of his inheritance when his grandfather died shortly after his elder son, unaware that his daughter-in-law was pregnant. According to tradition, young Arruns became known as Egerius, the needy one.  However, when he was grown, and his uncle had become King of Rome, he received the command of the Roman garrison at Collatia, thereby obtaining the surname Collatinus.
 * Tarquinia L. f., daughter of the elder Tarquin, married Servius Tullius, and was the mother of the two Tulliae.
 * Lucius Tarquinius L. f. Superbus, the seventh and last king of Rome, was the son, or more likely grandson, of the elder Tarquin. He overthrew his predecessor, Servius Tullius, and behaved as a tyrant, but he also established Roman hegemony over the Latin League, and the Hernici; made war on the Volsci, founded colonies at Signia and Circeii, and conquered Gabii.  He built the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitol, but was overthrown by members of his own family and the Roman aristocracy in 509 BC.
 * Arruns L. f. Tarquinius, the brother of Tarquin the Proud, married Tullia, the younger daughter of Servius Tullius. His wife was ambitious, while he was not; his equally ambitious brother had married Tullia's demure elder sister.  Lucius and Tullia murdered their spouses, and married one another.
 * Lucius Tarquinius Ar. f. Ar. n. Collatinus, one of the commanders in the army of his cousin, Tarquin the Proud. He boasted of the fidelity of his wife, Lucretia, which excited the passions of the king's son, Sextus.  Sextus' rape of Lucretia set in motion the events that led to the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, but Lucretia took her own life out of shame.  Collatinus was elected one of the first consuls, but was called upon to resign and enter into exile by his cousin and colleague, Lucius Junius Brutus, so that none of the hated Tarquins would rule at Rome, and to this demand he reluctantly consented.
 * Tarquinia L. f., the sister of Tarquin the Proud, married Marcus Junius Brutus, and was the mother of Marcus, whom the king put to death, perceiving in him a potential threat, and Lucius, who survived by feigning stupidity, later becoming one of the first consuls.
 * Titus Tarquinius L. f. L. n., the eldest son of Tarquin the Proud, led the Roman exiles at the Battle of Lake Regillus, circa 498 BC. Although wounded in the fighting, he survived, the last of Tarquin's sons.
 * Arruns Tarquinius L. f. L. n., the second son of Tarquin the Proud, led the Etruscan cavalry at the Battle of Silva Arsia in 509 BC, where he and his cousin, the consul Brutus, mortally wounded one another.
 * Sextus Tarquinius L. f. L. n., the youngest son of Tarquin the Proud, whose rape of Lucretia led to the downfall of the Roman monarchy. He took refuge at Gabii, which his father had conquered after Sextus had put its leading men to death, but was soon assassinated.
 * Publius Tarquinius, a native of Laurentum, together with his brother, Marcus, were among the leaders of a conspiracy in 500 BC to seize a number of defensible positions at Rome, and open the city gates to the king and his allies. Tormented by visions in their sleep, the two brothers revealed the plot to the consul Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, and were rewarded when the other conspirators were apprehended.  It is unknown how they were related to the king.
 * Marcus Tarquinius, the brother of Publius, together with whom he revealed a plot to restore the Tarquins in 500 BC.
 * Tarquinia, one of the Vestal Virgins, said to have dedicated a field adjacent to the Campus Martius to Mars, at some time following the expulsion of the kings. The freshly reaped wheat was thrown into the Tiber, where it came to anchor a new island, the Insula Tiberina, sacred in later times.
 * Publius Tarquinius, tribune of the plebs in 91 BC, supported the laws proposed by his colleague, Marcus Livius Drusus, whose reforms might have averted the Social War.
 * Lucius Tarquinius, a participant in the conspiracy of Catiline, who attempted to implicate Marcus Licinius Crassus.
 * Tarquinia, buried at Castellum Elefantum in Numidia, aged thirty-five.
 * Appia Tarquinia C. f., named in an inscription from Tarracina in Latium, dating to the first half of the first century AD.
 * Tarquinius L. f., named in an inscription from Tarracina.
 * Gnaeus Tarquinius, named in an inscription from Hispania Baetica.
 * Lucius Tarquinus L. l. Amianthus, a freedman, and the husband of Tarquinia Paederos, built a tomb at Rome for himself and his wife.
 * Quintus Tarquinius Apuleius, named in a list of the vigiles at Rome, dating to the beginning of the third century AD.
 * Tarquinia Fastina, wife of Marcus Calventius Sabinianus, who built a tomb for her at Burdigala in Gallia Aquitania.
 * Tarquinia Ɔ. l. Fausta, a freedwoman named in a libationary inscription from Verona in Venetia and Histria.
 * Tarquinia P. f. Ingenua, buried at Cirta in Numidia, aged sixty-five.
 * Lucius Tarquinius Januarius, named in a devotional inscription from Beneventum in Samnium.
 * Tarquinia Modesta, daughter of Modestus and Lasciva, and the young wife of Lucentius, buried at Beneventum, aged fifteen years, six months, and six days, having been married for six months and seven days.
 * Tarquinia L. l. Paederos, wife of Lucius Tarquinius Amianthus, with whom she is buried at Rome.
 * Publius Tarquinius Philodespotus, buried at Cirta, aged twenty-five.
 * Gaius Tarquinius C. f. Pollio, buried at Cupra Maritima in Picenum.
 * Lucius Tarquinius Primus, a murmillo buried at Avaricum in Gallia Aquitania.
 * Tarquinius Q. f. Priscus, named in an inscription from Tarracina.
 * Lucius Tarquinius Salutaris, buried with his brother, Publius Vibuleius Primus, at Casilinum in Campania, aged fifteen years, one month, and six days, with a tomb from their parents.
 * Tarquinia Secunda, the wife of Quintus Pompeius Crispus, and mother of Marcus Pompeius Victor, who became quaestor, and built a tomb for his parents at Bagacum in Gallia Belgica.
 * Gaius Tarquinius M. f. Stra[bo?], named in an inscription from Caere in Etruria.
 * Tarquinia Tertulla, buried at Castellum Elefantum, aged eighty-two.
 * Tarquinia Titosu, buried at Castellum Elefantum, aged forty.
 * Tarquinius Valens, one of the heirs of Lucius Cattius Viator, a veteran soldier for whom Valens built a tomb at Misenum in Campania.
 * Tarquinius Vitalio, an eques named in a late imperial inscription from Abella in Campania.

title: Tarquinia gens


text:
Opera comique

Opera comique may also refer to:

 * Opéra comique, a genre of French opera
 * Opéra-Comique, a Parisian opera company
 * Opera Comique, theatre in London
 * Opera Comique (Oslo), a Norwegian opera company

title: Opera comique


text: User talk:82.32.209.162

title: User talk:82.32.209.162


text: Category:Austrian geographers

title: Category:Austrian geographers


text: Category:Austrian travel writers

title: Category:Austrian travel writers


text:
MediaWiki talk:April

What is the purpose of this? Superm401 | Talk 12:48, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Setting the name of April in the default language. See es:MediaWiki:April. Tito xd (?!?) 06:46, 17 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Ah, thanks, I was also wondering about these messages. --Merovingian - Talk 12:10, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

title: MediaWiki talk:April


text:
User talk:Thryduulf/archive2

BEEFSTEW: well, OK, but let's not go overboard...
...I don't think there's any point in fine-tuning the language of BEEFSTEW. I hope your change wasn't prompted by any dispute over whether some particular article scored on point D or not. BEEFSTEW is just a very rough-and-ready guide intended to discriminate between real articles that have had some serious, good-faith diligent effort, and lazy vanity substubs.

I have no doubt that pitbull school inclusionists will score the same article differently than I would. Dpbsmith (talk) 10:07, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, well one of the things I feared about BEEFSTEW, which actually took place in the case of Dr._Michael_M._Krop_High_School, was "BEEFSTEW bloat," i.e. a systematic effort to add mediocre-quality material to school articles in an attempt to meet every possible BEEFSTEW point. An article with a BEEFSTEW score of 2 is a lousy article, but an article with a BEEFSTEW score of 8 isn't necessarily very good. Really, though, and speaking personally, I have no problem with articles about schools as long as there is really a group of editors who actually care about these articles and are willing to put in real work in order to bring them up to some minimal standard of accuracy and quality. My objection is to the substubs, the vanity, and the articles that present essentially the sort of tabular database information you can get from www.greatschools.net. I think what we're getting now is mostly syntheses and paraphrases of material from the schools' own websites, but I can live with that. Dpbsmith (talk) 12:40, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Oral sex
Thanks for your comment, but I make it a point to avoid getting into revert wars so I won't be doing a revert to restore the picture inline--somebody else will have to do that, to demonstrate to Luke that it isn't just me. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 11:18, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, looks like Davenbelle did so. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 11:33, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Names of large numbers
Thanks for your recent work. I just wanted to explain: I created the section on the "standard dictionary numbers," and I did so for a fairly specific reason. In a way, it's grotesque overkill. But it does seem be an effective way of keeping nerdcruft out of the article, or at least making a crystal-clear distinction between "real" words, that words like "googolplexian" and "trigintillion" are not real even if someone has them in a list on a website, or if they appear as the output of a program for giving English names to indefinitely large numbers. Dpbsmith (talk) 13:42, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Re Chambers: up to you. (I personally don't think I'd bother unless it shows any interesting difference from other dictionaries in terms of which words are included). But please do keep this article on your watchlist. I've noticed that this article and Binary prefixes and a few others like it are constantly subject to editing by people who, I think, want to show off their belief that they "know" the names of bigger numbers than any that appear in the article. There was a problem a while back with constant re-creation of articles on "nonabyte" and "doggabyte," for example. I think it's just an extension of the time in elementary school when everyone competes to see who knew how to count to the highest number... "yeah, well I can count up to a thousand," "yeah, well I can count up to a million skillion jillion!" Dpbsmith (talk) 14:05, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Further to that: I and Wiktionary:User:Paul G put a whole load of "-illion" words into Wiktionary a while back (gazillion, kajillion, jillion, and so forth).  I omitted fazillion, because it fell below the usage threshold that (to me) indicated that it was a word.  Someone else, completely independently, later added it, and we're currently discussing, over in Wiktionary, whether it's a word.  One of the points brought up is that there is a very large number of possible words that people can make up fitting this pattern.  And people do, indeed, make them up. ☺ Uncle G 15:20, 2005 Apr 22 (UTC)

Reference desk
Never underestimate the power of a distributed readership. There was bound to be someone who remembered that exact article, and in this case it turned out to be me. Glad to be of help! JRM 14:16, 2005 Apr 22 (UTC)

Another I Lasson sockpuppet on Mike the Headless Chicken
Agesilaus II has now appeared redoing the previous nonesense put up by Agathocles of Bactria Brookie 19:32, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Wikiproject Graphical content problem
I basicaly am trying to create an "Click at own risk" image. --Cool Cat My Talk 09:59, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Fine I put it to VfD. I wont troble wikipedia with any more projects as they all got torn apart without any discussion could be made. --Cool Cat My Talk 09:59, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

3 Questions re Arbitration on Jeb Bush article
Hello and thank you for your help and offer to help on the arbitration matter. I have three questions:

1) Is this part of the template below something I am supposed to complete, or someone else is supposed to complete?

"Confirmation that other steps in dispute resolution have been tried

If not, then explain why that would be fruitless"

The reason I ask is because if I am required to complete it, then, I will. If not, then, I won't.

2) I notice two of the ten people on the committee seemed to have already rejected my request. Are they suppose to wait until (a) the above template is complete, and to (b) read a statement (not yet submitted) by the other party, before they make a decision? It seems to me that both (a) and (b) would be necessary, but maybe I am wrong about that.

3) Also, do ten people actually weigh in on this, with rejections or accepting the request I made, or is it just those two people who already rejected my request? I will return here to your talk page for any clarification you can give me on this process. If I should have written this on the arbitration page, please let me know and I will copy and paste there. Thanks, SummerFR 17:01, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Thryduulf,

I am still posting tonight my efforts to have a dialogue with Bartloft tonight, but -- can you translate for me what is happening here right now with these committee members' comments posted so far? I don't understand the following:

1) Is the 500 word opening statement supposed to be the place where one presents an entire case? I thought it was a summary and the opening statement, limited to 500 words. Or, is it just whatever number of words you want, like BartLauf did, to actually present a case right away? Is there actually a hearing AFTER the 500 statement or not? I thought there would be, and that specific evidence is presented at that time. The harassment against me was really horrific. Yet, in reading these committee comments, I am feeling like this is what Cuba or Communist China must be like. And I am not trying to be funny here. I am truly shocked.

2) I am the one who brought the case AGAINST someone else. Yet, this committee, so far, seems to want to ignore my complaint, and make this a case against me. Is this arbitration committee ALSO allowed to retaliate against me, for bringing a request for arbitration? I never heard of such a thing. It seems, based on those comments against me by some on the committee, they are voting on a complaint not filed (against me), and not brought by Bartlauf -- a respondent who is VIOLATING the 500 word statement policy.

3)  I also requested three committee members to be removed. Does that also not matter? Does anything I say about the actual facts matter at all? So far, it seems not. SummerFR 02:38, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

re: keep/delete schools
See my user page for my thoughts on the keep/delete schools issues. If you think I'm not aware of something, please leave me a message there. I've been researching the keep/delete subject myself, and hearing other's viewpoints on the whole situation would be very welcome. - Pioneer-12 15:21, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Typos
Hi, Thryduulf. I saw your comment regarding typos—yeah, I wasn't positive what to do with "liscence" since you also had written "Dual Licensing" (American spelling), but since you had said you were English, I corrected the "liscences" to the British spelling but left the American spelling alone. — Knowledge Seeker দ 17:04, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Self-destructive subcultures
FYI: I have deleted User:Thryduulf/Internet/Self-destructive subcultures (proposed) after it went on VfD without any further comment.... I think that counts as consensus. :-) Mindspillage (spill yours?) 02:59, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * If Thryduulf did not nominate the page himself, then I object to this deletion. If I had known that it was on Vfd I would have objected there. Deleting pages in people's personal space.... that seems rather nonsensical. People have a right to their opinions. If Thryduulf wants to have this page then he can have it, and if he wants it deleted then it should be deleted. Even if the page is full of garbage it should be kept; it is his right to fill it with garbage if he so chooses. Vfd is for the general encyclopedia, not censoring people's personal views. Only violations of copyright or things not acceptable under the First Amendment--such as outright lies and threats to violence--should be deleted from one's personal space against one's wishes. (The English wiki is based in America, so the First Amendment "freedom of opinion"/"freedom of expression" should apply. Even if it doesn't, Wikipedia seems to share and respect the First Amendment values.) I would have liked to read about "Self-destructive subcultures". The topic sounds interesting, and I've done research on subcultures in the past. Also, pages should not be deleted based on the opinions of one. One person is, categorically, not a consensus. - Pioneer-12 03:59, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Now, watch it turn out that Thryduulf nominated the page himself. Heh. If so I withdraw my objection.

 * It was good to get my opinion out there, just in case. - Pioneer-12

 * Yep, I nominated it! Thryduulf 07:05, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Xiong
Hi there! Because the RFC about Xiong seemed to deal mainly on his disagreements with Netoholic, I thought it best to start a new RFC to see if people have comments on Xiong's behavior that do not relate to Netoholic. Please give your thoughts and/or opinion on that at Requests for comment/Xiong. Radiant_* 08:26, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)

TfD
Thanks. This may be something that falls through the cracks. However if someone is using the template mechanism on one of his own user subpages in talk space or whatever, TfD may not be the most appropriate response. You could ask him to stop, for instance. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 11:12, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Ah. Sorry, dunno how it ended up on your user page.

I was referring to your comment on my talk page:
 * TfD
 * Your comment on the userspace policy proposal, "There is no existing bar on TfDing a user template." is not backed up by the precedent of the Keepschools template in userspace. The top of TfD starts "This page is for deleting things in the Template namespace". Thryduulf 13:44, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Never mind. :) --Tony Sidaway|Talk 00:40, 30 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Rabbit Fire
I agree with you on how stupid it is that this page exists so I'm adding a delete tag. freestylefrappe 03:10, Apr 30, 2005 (UTC)

Dab style
I've created a draft project at Disambiguation/Style for comment. I'll announce it on Village Pump, but I'm directly notifying people who have commented lately. —Wahoofive (talk) 17:27, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Incorrect template removal on Audi A8
You removed the template from Audi A8, declaring that you removed an inappropriate stub template. That is not a stub template.

An anon IP user removed the stub template just before you got there. —Morven 17:24, May 4, 2005 (UTC)

Personal Attacks
Please refrain from posting personal attacks against other users - many people consider accusing others of being a deletionist constitutes such an attack. If you continue then you are liable to be blocked from editing Wikipedia until you can be civil. Personal attacks also severly hamper any cause you are trying to promote by alienating others against you. Thryduulf 16:01, 5 May 2005 (UTC)
 * It is clear from the user page User:Pcb21 that this individual's inclusionist leanings are not sufficiently extreme to be upheld as orthodox. To paraphrase President Bush, "You are either with us, or you're with the deletionists." Indeed, your defense of this individual and threat of blocking only prove your own deletionist sentiments. You must be destroyed. I will now vandalize your user page. 205.217.105.2 16:58, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

Śiva typo stuff
You're really helping me with this. I just would like to thank you. -- Subramanian talk 04:16, 7 May 2005 (UTC)

Category help
Brookie here - thanks for the post on my query - it's sorted now! Kind regards Brookie:the wind in the grass 07:25, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Watch/Deletion debates needing votes
This section of WP:W hasn't seen any use in the month since its creation... do you think we should keep it? Yours, Radiant_* 08:11, May 11, 2005 (UTC)

WP:RM
For your Yoghurt vote to count you need to move it to Talk:Yoghurt and remove it from WP:RM. But before you move it please consider that in this case the Primary Author http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yoghurt&oldid=484796 used Yogurt in the article. Philip Baird Shearer 09:10, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

Disappearance of Jeff Q
Hi, Thryduulf. You may have noticed that I never did get back to working on several song lists projects, like your commendable effort on User:Thryduulf/Geonamesongs. I've essentially abandoned my work on the song lists, mostly because I find the effort in maintaining them much less than any value I'd hoped to get from them. (Which is not to say that I don't think they're valuable in general — just not to me anymore. It has, perhaps, more to do with my personal life and reevaluation of my priorities than any comment on the lists' intrinsic worth.) If you've been holding back taking votes or making changes at least partly because of my lack of participation, please don't. Wikipedia, like any wiki, is a compilation of work by the willing and able, and I'm just not making the grade anymore on this topic. I apologize for leaving you folks hanging. — Jeff Q (talk) 21:38, 14 May 2005 (UTC)

triple-triplicate
On Village pump (technical) you asked about the "-ication" (actually, you wanted "-ifciation") word for nine. From "nonuple", I'd guess that the answer would be "nonuplication". I suppose you were just joking, but I wanted to know too. So now I'm off to look for an opportunity to use that word. One-dimensional Tangent 19:58, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

Wikimania; interwiki links
It looks like the links you made worked just fine, to me at least. Just thought I'd let you know. — Knowledge Seeker দ 08:53, 18 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Hmmm... gives cy:, which seems to work for me. Maybe you could try it again? — Knowledge Seeker দ 16:50, 18 May 2005 (UTC)

Sock puppet/Proposal
Hi there! I've reworded this a bit per everyone's comment, and would like to get support to make this a guideline and allow it to be used. Could you please indicate if you agree? Thanks, Radiant_* 12:28, May 19, 2005 (UTC)

David Gerard
This jerk abused his authority, violated Wikipedia policy by using his authority to clear away his lackey's opponents in the middle of a content dispute, and deliberately lied about me claiming that I am a sockpuppet. I stand by my statements. ElKabong

User:24.60.128.48
Hi Chris: It seems to me that you are being rather harsh on User:24.60.128.48 even though I can see that their refusal to respond is frustrating. I have sourced some of the information that s/he added and I think that is more appropriate than reverting their changes. I was particularly concerned to see you reverting a spelling correction and demanding source. If I were that user I would feel hectored at best and bullied at worst. I dunno ... all the good stuff you do and I break months of silence to lecture you ...! --Theo (Talk) 10:53, 22 May 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the explanation. I need no apology. Would you like me to keep an eye on this IP? --Theo (Talk) 15:17, 22 May 2005 (UTC)

KaintheScion Rfc
I had to revert him several times over the past few days, mainly over that one statement by David. I know thta pages can be protected from vandalism, but does policy pages ever need protection in situations like this? Zscout370 (Sound Off) 14:49, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

Zscout is a lying POV-pushing jerk. And I would appreciate it if you would direct problems you have with me, to ME, rather than throwing baseless accusations at an innocent user. Unlike Zscout I have certain principles and morals, and watching someone innocent be attacked is not something I will stand idly by and accept. ElKabong ''Firstly, your behaviour and that of KaintheScion are basically identical, and it has been proven beyond reasonable doubt by David Gerard, who the community trusts to have access to the relevant technical information, that you and him/her are the same person. Secondly, making personal attacks against another user on my talk page in a message about directing problems with you to you directly, is a good example of the pot calling the kettle black. Thryduulf 15:53, 23 May 2005 (UTC)''
 * David Gerard is a liar. He fabricated the so-called "evidence", in a scheme to aid Tony Sidaway in violation of Wikipedia policy on using admin powers to gain an advantage in content disputes. Nothing more, and nothing less. ElKabong

Sorry :-(
I'd just like to personally apologise for the edit to the Dalek page. I'm glad that you understand that I was just making a joke, but I feel terrible that my attempt at humour was miscontrued and that I went too far. I've since withdrawn my request for adminship. I'm now sending a personal apology to all those who've opposed the adminship because of my actions. - Ta bu shi da yu 02:25, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

Glasgow, etc.
Thanks for the tip, Thryduulf. I've moved the question to UK Wikipedians' notice board -- yet another area of WP of whose existence I hadn't been aware. -- Hoary 07:51, 2005 May 25 (UTC)

You'll be singing within 20 seconds.
See List of English songs whose title includes nonsense-words. And enjoy (You'll be singing within 30 seconds). :-). -DePiep 14:29, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

A question
Hi Thryduulf - just noticed this, which you wrote on Zscout370's page:
 * re: page protection, any page can be protected by an administrator (of which I am not one), and requests can be made at Wikipedia:Requests for page protection (WP:RFPP).

As I type this, you have 3999 edits(!), and have been here since at least the beginning of the year. You're also fairly heavily involved in VP, reversion of text, and talk pages all across Wikispace, as well as being a conscientious article editor. So... would you accept if I nominated you for admin? :) Grutness...  wha?  09:31, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * :) Consider it done. You'll have to go here to accept nomination and answer a few questions, but you know how RFA works, so you already know that... good luck! Grutness...  wha?  11:45, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * No need to thank me - I think it's overdue, and hopefully others will too. Grutness...  wha?

Fair trade
I created Category:Fair trade status in error, I wasn't aware that the other categories existed because none of the main topics about it (Fairtrade Town, fairtrade foundation) mentioned them, so I thought they hadn't been created - I'm glad you've nominated them for deletion and requested them to be merged, saves me from doing it ;)

Just for your information I only created the Category:Fair trade status and Category:Fair trade categories, all the rest I only discovered after trying to populate them -- Joolz 21:05, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

Re: Reference Desk Query
The site you mention is not in Dutch at all!

It looked vaguely scandinavian however, so I asked a scandinavian to tell me :-) They identified it as a language spoken in Norway: Nynorsk.

I don't speak that langauge, unfortunately.

To aid in identification in future: Dutch is written with almost the same alphabet as english is, has a special y vowel (often typed as ij), and still uses Diaeresis consistently as part of the required spelling, wheras in english it's been phased out. Dutch words are often similar to german, but with a more modernised spelling.

Sorry I can't be of more help!

Kim Bruning 00:23, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Hi, Thryduulf, kim asked me to take a look at the nynorsk page. I can't find any copyright info on it—it's a school site, and I kind of suspect they don't have much of a clue about copyright themselves. However, the picture is obviously really old! It's way out of copyright. I'll tag it  and put in a reply at the RD. Bishonen | talk 00:42, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Sam Spade
Hi, Chris: Please would you go apologise to Sam for your very funny joke on WP:AN. I know that it is unfashionable to consider the feelings of aggressors but his response suggests that he took the joke personally and I do not think that you meant to hurt him. --Theo (Talk) 09:47, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Fabdabulous
Hi, thanks for you comments about the page I started. I had hoped people would take it as a positive thing. Feel free to add some people, although you may want to ask them first, as I don't know how people will feel about being added yet. I've added the category you suggested as well. Cheers, -- Silversmith Hewwo 18:25, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

Geonames: Dutch are done
Hi, I just finished the reconstruction on geonames of the Dutch section. Implemented in the live list. I suggest you delete that work-section from your working-page. From no restrictions now on editing etc, as far as I'm concerned. -DePiep 10:52, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * It Was nicer work than just Talk-ing. -DePiep 18:49, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Administrator?
Hi Thryduulf,

Thank you for considering nominating me as an administrator. I've been thinking about a self-nomination, but I really wanted to cut back on the time I spend on wikipedia. I haven't succeeded, though :-( . So, yes, I would gladly accept your nomination. Eugene van der Pijll 17:37, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Congratulations!
Congratulations! It's my pleasure to let you know that, consensus being reached, you are now an administrator. You should read the relevant policies and other pages linked to from the administrators' reading list before carrying out tasks like deletion, protection, banning users, and editing protected pages such as the Main Page. Most of what you do is easily reversible by other sysops, apart from page history merges and image deletion, so please be especially careful with those. You might find the new administrators' how-to guide helpful. Cheers! -- Cecropia | explains it all ® 15:59, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Congratulations on your promotion too. It ended with a 57/2/1 vote so it looks like I have to add you to this page. Have a blast with those admin tools. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 16:53, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Congratrulations from me as well. Your adminship is long overdue. — Knowledge Seeker দ 18:00, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Well done, Chris. Remember, with great power comes great responsibility. --Theo  (Talk) 22:33, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Well done - I am very glad I nominated you. Go get 'em, admin! Grutness...  wha?  01:53, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Congratulations! And look out, evildoers, wherever you are! -- Hoary 04:01, 2005 Jun 3 (UTC)

Iris Chang
I have no idea how to reply the message you sent me, but I'm trying my best. If I'm doing something wrong, please let me know. I have made three reverts today after the discussion. 08:41, 3 Jun 2005 Flowerofchivalry (rv) 05:43, 3 Jun 2005 Flowerofchivalry (edited for leaving from bias) 02:23, 3 Jun 2005 Flowerofchivalry (leave from bias) I read the link in your message, and the policy said that I cannot revert 3 times in 24hrs period. I might misunderstood the policy about "today" and "24hrs" If I violated the policy, that's bad thing. If so, I have to repent my sin. By the way, you said: >> I will block you if you make 1 more revert, or break the 3 revert rule in future. Thryduulf 10:27, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC) Does this mean I must not revert Iris Chang in future? I appreciate you send me something upon reading this so I know you read this. --Flowerofchivalry 06:03, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I appreciate your help.--Flowerofchivalry 07:55, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

User Ted Wilkes
There are a number of false accusations by User:Ted Wilkes which I call an abuse of the Wikipedia guidelines, as this user repeatedly deleted passages I have written in articles and on discussion pages, which were not in line with his personal opinion. This is indeed vandalism. This user's accusations are clearly made for mistaken reasons. See Talk:David Bret, Talk:Nick Adams and Talk:Elvis Presley. In my opinion, Ted Wilkes must be identical with users NightCrawler and JillandJack who are, or repeatedly were, under a Wikipedia hard ban. See User:DW.

My RFA: Thanks
Thank you for your support on my RFA. Now that I have been promoted, I promise to be as hardworking and fair with the admin tools as I have been with the other areas here on Wikipedia. See you around and happy editing. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 00:43, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for your support
Thank you for voting on my RFA. Have some pie! I was pleasantly surprised by the sheer number of supporters (including several people that usually disagree with my opinion). I shall do my best with the proverbial mop. Yours, Radiant_ >|< 07:57, Jun 8, 2005 (UTC)

Thank you for your support
Thank you for supporting my candidacy for administrator. Kelly Martin 15:13, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)

Contact information
I know your contact information section states that one can help with minor corrections, but since it is explicitly stated as not being in the public domain, I feel that it is better to post my suggestions here instead.

In the "How can I contact you?" section:
 * publically --> publicly (although the latter form is slowly being accepted as plausible)

In the "What about spam" section:
 * aproximately --> approximately

In the "Will you reply to my message" section:
 * apropriate --> appropriate
 * definately --> definitely --HappyCamper 22:11, 12 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Doppelgangers
I noticed your comments in the "Pre-empting impersonators" section on Village pump. I wanted you to know I created a template for these accounts: Template:doppelganger. Check it out! Essjay ·  talk 12:34, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

Thank you
Hi Thryduulf, I know this is a bit late, but I want to thank you for your support vote on my RFA. Thanks to everyone who has supported me, I am now an admin, and I've been using my new powers to help out even more. Thanks! Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk 23:16, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

CSD expansion
Hi there! Based on the discussion at Deletion policy/Reducing VfD load, I've put together a proposal to expand CSD, here: Criteria for speedy deletion/Proposal. Before it is put to a general vote I would like your advise on the wording and intent; could you please take a look? Thanks, Radiant_ >|< 13:35, Jun 23, 2005 (UTC)

Tyne and Wear
Hello Thryduulf, I have seen that you put one photo of the Tyne and Wear-metro-photo to the commons. My question: Are you have more photos? I search for the english and german Tyne and Wear metro article more photos. Thanks and greetings from Berlin --Jcornelius 17:31, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

belated thanks
Thanks for supporting my RFA nearly a month ago. Unfortunately a sad event occurred at that time in my family, and I have not been able to participate in Wikipedia as much as I would like. I hope to get back to active contribution soon. Thanks again! FreplySpang (talk) 01:37, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Category:UK Wikipedians
Hi, just to let you know that the list of UK participants at the UK notice board was getting rather long, so I have replaced it with the above category which I have added to your user page. -- Francs2000 | Talk 30 June 2005 21:09 (UTC)

And to think...
... it could have been 112! Only kidding :-) Hey, I appreciate the vote of confidence, even if you didn't vote on the RFA. - Ta bu shi da yu 1 July 2005 05:12 (UTC)

Article on London explosions
Do you not think that "7 July" is unnecessarily disambiguous? As far as I know there have been no other attacks this year, and this has not been the name so far used by the media. I think it'd be better if we keep general unless either something else happens this year or the media names it as such. The tsunami article isn't under "26 December 2004 Indian..." afterall. --Oldak Quill 7 July 2005 13:12 (UTC)

Nick Adams
I have seen that you have reverted the article on Nick Adams to the last version by user Wyss. Just for your information, there is an edit war going on concerning the articles on Nick Adams, Natalie Wood, etc., but I don't want to give up because one editor, User:Wyss, is so keenly interested to suppress what I have written. I have wasted much time to find independent sources cited on the discussion pages according to the Wikipedia guidelines to support my view. See Talk:Nick Adams. But this does not seem to be enough to convince user Wyss.

I think the following passage is O.K. and neutral enough to be included in the article on Nick Adams, as these remarks are based on several independent sources:

 * Adams and actor Natalie Wood were close friends. Author Gavin Lambert in his 2004 biography Natalie Wood: A Life writes, "Her first studio-arranged date with a gay or bisexual actor had been with Nick Adams..." Some tabloid and other reports with similar characterizations were published decades after his death. According to these accounts, before his success as an actor Adams was a male prostitute catering to men. James Dean is also said to have claimed that he worked with his friend Adams as a street hustler when he first arrived in Hollywood <!—See http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/fam/biod1/dean2.html -->. The book Elvis: The Hollywood Years (David Bret, 2002) even claims Elvis Presley was intimate with Adams. However, there are no court records, contemporary letters or statements attributed to Adams to support these rumours.

Significantly, my opponent Wyss has again deleted parts of this paragraph. His only argument is that my sources which I have cited according to the Wikipedia guidelines are not reliable enough and not peer-reviewed. This seems to be his personal opinion. On the other hand, he has included several other "facts" in the Trivia section and other parts of the article, which are also based on dubious internet sources which are not peer-reviewed. To my mind, he's applying double standards to accept findings which are in line with his personal view and suppresses those which are not. I don't know what I can do, as the edit war is going on. Why is this editor so stubborn concerning the inclusion of some details which can be found in independent sources? Administrator Ed Poor said on the discussion page, "just say that X wrote a book which claims Y is homosexual / bisexual / whatever. One or two lines ought to be enough." This is what I did, but user Wyss does not accept sources such as Hadleigh's Hollywood Gays. 80.141.178.153 8 July 2005 13:42 (UTC)

Hey Thryduulf, I came here to thank you since we've never talked before and found the above, which the anon has also copy-pasted word for word on the talk pages of at least one admin and one bureaucrat. Anyway... thanks! :) Wyss 8 July 2005 14:21 (UTC)

Uncle G rfa
Hi - I thought you'd like to know Uncle G has accepted his nomination on WP:RFA. -- Rick Block (talk) July 9, 2005 17:14 (UTC)

Vote for adminship
Hello, thank you for casting your vote in favor of my adminship; I sincerely appreciate it. I'm leaving this note to let you know you forgot to sign your vote. Don't worry, I put my nomination in the wrong section when I started, and I would fix this myself but I don't think its proper to sign someone elses vote. Thanks again! Triddle 15:52, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thryduulf/archive2


text: File:Mastersbox.jpg

title: File:Mastersbox.jpg


text:
Zhang Nan (gymnast)

Zhang Nan (born April 30, 1986, in Beijing) is a former artistic gymnast from China. Zhang was a member of the Chinese team for the 2004 Olympic Games, as well as the 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2006 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. She is one of China's most successful female gymnasts and was the first Chinese woman to medal in an all-around competition at the World Championships.

She is married to 2004 Olympic champion Teng Haibin.

2002–04
Zhang won four gold medals at the 2002 Asian Games (team, all-around, uneven bars, and floor exercise) and the 2003 Asian Championships (team, all-around, balance beam, and floor exercise). She became China's first female medalist in a world all-around competition by winning the bronze medal at the 2003 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. She followed this feat by becoming the second Chinese woman to win an Olympic all-around medal, also a bronze, at the 2004 Olympics in Athens. (Liu Xuan had won the bronze in the previous Olympics after the gold medalist, Andreea Răducan of Romania, was disqualified.)

The Chinese team finished 7th at the 2004 Olympics after counting a fall on bars, two falls on beam, and two falls on floor, one of them from Zhang. However, Zhang won an individual bronze medal in the all-around competition behind Carly Patterson of the United States and Svetlana Khorkina of Russia. She also competed in the balance beam event final, her strongest event, but fell and placed 6th with a score of 9.237. Without the 0.5 deduction for the fall, she would have edged out Romania's Alexandra Eremia for the bronze.

2005–06
Zhang went on to win the all-around at the 2005 Chinese National Championships and the 2005 East Asian Games. At the 2005 World Championships, she was hampered by injuries and had to withdraw from the all-around final, but finished 4th in the balance beam final with a score of 9.487.

As the leader of China's 2006 World Championships team, she competed on all four events and helped the team qualify to the final in 2nd place, behind the United States. During the team final, she contributed to China's victory with strong routines on vault (scoring 14.525 under a new system), balance beam (15.950), and floor exercise (14.800). The win for the Chinese team was its first ever.

She qualified to the balance beam final with the top score, 16.075, but finished 4th in the final with a score of 15.275 after injuring her ankle by falling down a flight of stairs the day before the competition.

Zhang also competed at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar, where the Chinese women captured their seventh straight team title. She went on to help the Chinese women sweep all but one of the gold medals in the women's gymnastics competition, winning the balance beam title ahead of her teammate Han Bing.

2007–09
Over the course of the two years following the 2006 World Championships, Zhang struggled to maintain the level of difficulty in her routines. As a result, she did not qualify to represent China at the 2007 World Championships. She continued her attempt to make a second Olympic team by increasing her difficulty, but struggled with consistency. At the 2008 Chinese National Championships, she won a silver medal on balance beam, partly thanks to errors by many other competitors.

Zhang was named to the Chinese Olympic training squad but was not selected to compete at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. In an interview in early 2009, she said she would retire soon. She officially announced her retirement before the 11th Chinese National Games in September 2009. There, in her last competition, she performed on vault, balance beam, and floor exercise to help the Beijing provincial team win the bronze medal.

She is currently a coach for the Beijing team.

Floor music

 * "Barcelona" by Johnny Tesh (2003)
 * "A New Life" by Burkhard Dallwitz (2005–06)

title: Zhang Nan (gymnast)


text:
Dipa Ma

Nani Bala Barua (25 March 1911 – 1 September 1989), better known as Dipa Ma, was an Indian meditation teacher of Theravada Buddhism and was of Barua descent. She was a prominent Buddhist master in Asia and also taught in the United States where she influenced the American branch of the Vipassana movement.

Early life
Nani Bala Barua was born on 25 March 1911 in a small village in Chittagong, East Bengal, British India (now part of Bangladesh).

In her childhood she showed an exceptional interest in Buddhist rituals and preferred to study rather than play. She very much wanted to attend school but in 1923 at the age of twelve she was married and later went to live with her husband, an engineer, in Rangoon (Yangon), Burma. He soon left to work in Burma, leaving her with her in-laws. Eventually, she moved to Burma to join her husband. In 1929 when Nani was 18 her mother died unexpectedly, leaving behind a baby boy named Bijoy which Nani and her husband took to raise in Burma, as they had not yet had a child.

At the age of 35 Nani conceived and gave birth to her first child, a baby girl, who fell ill and died at three months of age. Four years later, in 1950, Nani gave birth to a daughter, Dipa, whereupon Nani began to be called Dipa Ma "Mother of Dipa" as her daughter's survival was a momentous event. This was followed by yet another loss of a child (her first son) at birth, the sudden death of her husband in 1957, and subsequent extreme grief and physical pains.

Meditation
After her husband died, Dipa Ma was extremely unhappy. One day a doctor suggested that she learn how to meditate. She attended her first meditation retreat at the Kamayut Meditation Center in Rangoon. She soon after attended her second retreat, at the Thathana Yeiktha center, where the Venerable Mahasi Sayadaw was teacher-in-residence. There she experienced the first stage of enlightenment.

In 1963 she was chosen to study the siddhis (spiritual powers) with the Indian master Anagarika Munindra, a senior student of Mahasi Sayadaw. According to scholars, the Visuddhimagga is one of the extremely rare texts within the enormous literatures of various forms of Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism to give explicit details about how spiritual masters were thought to actually manifest supernormal abilities. Abilities such as flying through the air, walking through solid obstructions, diving into the ground, walking on water and so forth are performed by changing one element, such as earth, into another element, such as air. The individual must master kasina meditation before this is possible. Dipa Ma, who trained via the Visuddhimagga, claimed to have these abilities, but her claim was never independently verified.

Teaching career
In 1967, she returned to India, moving to Calcutta where she taught meditation. Her first formal student was her neighbor, Malati Barua, a widow trying to raise six young children alone. Believing that enlightenment was possible in any environment, Dipa Ma devised practices that her new student could carry out at home.

In the 1970s, she was a teacher of Sylvia Boorstein, Joseph Goldstein, Jack Kornfield, Michelle Levey, and Sharon Salzberg, who later became prominent teachers in the United States. In the early 1980s Dipa Ma taught at the Insight Meditation Society in Barre, Massachusetts.

Death
She died aged 78, in 1989 in Kolkata, India, while bowing before a statue of the Buddha.

title: Dipa Ma


text:
2000 MTV Movie Awards

The 2000 MTV Movie Awards were hosted by Sarah Jessica Parker. In conjunction with the success of Sex and the City, the awards show presented a parody of Sex and the City and The Matrix during the program's opening. It featured the SATC cast (Samantha Jones, Miranda Hobbes, and Charlotte York) as they listened intently as Carrie Bradshaw (Parker's character on the series) describes getting caught in the Matrix, which is shown in flashbacks and in the narration style heard usually on the TV series. Laurence Fishburne appeared in the spoof in a creative superimposition from the film, as well as Vince Vaughn (playing the supposed "White Rabbit") and Jimmy Fallon, who played Keanu Reeves's character, Neo, from the film. Also, it noted Parker's status as a fashion icon by appearing in no less than 15 different costumes during the duration of the awards ceremonies, even appearing in nothing but a bath towel.

Performers

 * D'Angelo — "Devil's Pie"
 * NSYNC — "It's Gonna Be Me"
 * Metallica — "I Disappear"

Presenters

 * Amy Smart and Tom Green — presented Best On-Screen Duo
 * Mena Suvari and Jason Biggs — presented Best Kiss
 * George Clooney and Mark Wahlberg — presented Best Villain
 * Seth Green and Q-Tip — introduced D'Angelo
 * Katie Holmes and Jamie Foxx — presented Breakthrough Female
 * Lucy Liu and Ice Cube — presented Best Fight
 * Aaliyah and Freddie Prinze Jr. — presented Best Action Sequence
 * Rebecca Romijn and Halle Berry — presented Best Musical Sequence
 * Sarah Michelle Gellar and Chris Klein — presented Breakthrough Male
 * Denise Richards and Marlon Wayans — introduced NSYNC
 * Samuel L. Jackson — presented Best Comedic Performance
 * Cameron Diaz and Catherine Keener — presented Best New Filmmaker
 * Janet Jackson — presented Best Male Performance
 * Nicolas Cage — presented Best Female Performance
 * Benicio del Toro and Ryan Phillippe — introduced Metallica
 * Mel Gibson — presented Best Movie

Awards
Below are the list of nominations. Winners are listed at the top of each list in bold.

Best Movie
The Matrix
 * American Beauty
 * American Pie
 * Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me
 * The Sixth Sense

Best Male Performance
Keanu Reeves – The Matrix
 * Jim Carrey – Man on the Moon
 * Ryan Phillippe – Cruel Intentions
 * Adam Sandler – Big Daddy
 * Bruce Willis – The Sixth Sense

Best Female Performance
Sarah Michelle Gellar – Cruel Intentions
 * Drew Barrymore – Never Been Kissed
 * Neve Campbell – Scream 3
 * Ashley Judd – Double Jeopardy
 * Julia Roberts – Runaway Bride

Breakthrough Male
Haley Joel Osment – The Sixth Sense
 * Wes Bentley – American Beauty
 * Jason Biggs – American Pie
 * Michael Clarke Duncan – The Green Mile
 * Jamie Foxx – Any Given Sunday

Breakthrough Female
Julia Stiles – 10 Things I Hate About You
 * Selma Blair – Cruel Intentions
 * Shannon Elizabeth – American Pie
 * Carrie-Anne Moss – The Matrix
 * Hilary Swank – Boys Don't Cry

Best On-Screen Duo
Mike Myers and Verne Troyer – Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me
 * Tom Hanks and Tim Allen – Toy Story 2
 * Keanu Reeves and Laurence Fishburne – The Matrix
 * Adam Sandler and Dylan and Cole Sprouse – Big Daddy
 * Bruce Willis and Haley Joel Osment – The Sixth Sense

Best Villain
Mike Myers – Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me
 * Matt Damon – The Talented Mr. Ripley
 * Sarah Michelle Gellar – Cruel Intentions
 * Ray Park – Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace
 * Christopher Walken – Sleepy Hollow

Best Comedic Performance
Adam Sandler – Big Daddy
 * Jason Biggs – American Pie
 * Ice Cube – Next Friday
 * Mike Myers – Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me
 * Parker Posey – Scream 3

Best Kiss
Sarah Michelle Gellar and Selma Blair – Cruel Intentions
 * Drew Barrymore and Michael Vartan – Never Been Kissed
 * Katie Holmes and Barry Watson – Teaching Mrs. Tingle
 * Hilary Swank and Chloë Sevigny – Boys Don't Cry

Best Action Sequence
The Pod Race – Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace
 * End Sequence – The Blair Witch Project
 * Rooftop/Helicopter Scene – The Matrix
 * Sand Monster Scene – The Mummy

Best Musical Sequence
Terrence and Philip — "Uncle F**ka" (from South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut)
 * Heath Ledger — "Can't Take My Eyes Off You" (from 10 Things I Hate About You)
 * Mike Myers and Verne Troyer — "Just the Two of Us" (from Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me)
 * Matt Damon, Jude Law and Rosario Fiorello — "Tu Vuo' Fa L'Americano" (from The Talented Mr. Ripley)

Best Fight
Keanu Reeves vs. Laurence Fishburne – The Matrix
 * Mike Myers vs. Verne Troyer – Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me
 * Liam Neeson and Ewan McGregor vs. Ray Park – Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace
 * Edward Norton vs. Himself – Fight Club

Best New Filmmaker

 * Spike Jonze – Being John Malkovich

title: 2000 MTV Movie Awards


text:
Weekend Players

Weekend Players were an electronic music duo from England. The musicians were vocalist Rachel Foster, who has provided vocals and songwriting on Bent's Ariels album, and producer Andy Cato, one half of Groove Armada.

Biography
The duo hit number one on the US Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart in 2003 with "I'll Be There". Tracks from their debut album, Pursuit of Happiness, have been featured in numerous episodes of the television series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and CSI: Miami.

Their biggest UK hits were "21st Century" and "Into the Sun".

title: Weekend Players