text:
Mary Carpenter

Mary Carpenter (3 April 1807 – 14 June 1877) was an English educational and social reformer. The daughter of a Unitarian minister, she founded a ragged school and reformatories, bringing previously unavailable educational opportunities to poor children and young offenders in Bristol.

She published articles and books on her work and her lobbying was instrumental in the passage of several educational acts in the mid-nineteenth century. She was the first woman to have a paper published by the Statistical Society of London. She addressed many conferences and meetings and became known as one of the foremost public speakers of her time. Carpenter was active in the anti-slavery movement; she also visited India, visiting schools and prisons and working to improve female education, establish reformatory schools and improve prison conditions. In later years she visited Europe and America, carrying on her campaigns of penal and educational reform.

Carpenter publicly supported women's suffrage in her later years and also campaigned for female access to higher education. She is buried in Arnos Vale Cemetery in Bristol and has a memorial in the North transept of Bristol Cathedral.

Early life
Carpenter was born on 3 April 1807, in Exeter, the first child of Lant Carpenter, a Unitarian minister in Exeter, and Anna (or Hannah) Penn. In 1817 the family moved to Bristol, where her father took charge of the Lewin's Mead Unitarian meeting house. He established a boarding school at Great George Street, Brandon Hill, which was run by his wife and daughters, where Mary studied the sciences, mathematics, Greek and Latin. She taught in the school, had spells as a governess in the Isle of Wight and Hertfordshire and, in 1827, returned to Bristol to become head teacher at what had by now become Mrs Carpenter's Boarding School for Young Ladies.

In 1833 she met Ram Mohan Roy, a founder of the Brahmo Samaj movement which reformed social Hinduism, and was influenced by his philosophy during his short stay with Miss Castle and Miss Kiddel at Beech House in Stapleton before Roy died of meningitis in September of that year. Later that year she also met Joseph Tuckerman, an American Unitarian who had founded the Ministry-at-Large to the Poor in Boston, Massachusetts. He is said to have directly inspired her start on the path of social reform, partly by a chance remark made when walking with Carpenter through a slum district of Bristol. A small boy in rags ran across their path and Tuckerman remarked, "That child should be followed to his home and seen after." He had established a Farm School in Massachusetts, which became the model for later reformatories. Carpenter's later writings are based upon ideas she developed from her correspondence with Tuckerman.

Social work and anti-slavery
In 1835 she helped organise a "Working and Visiting Society", in the slums around Lewin's Mead, of which she remained secretary for nearly twenty years. This group was inspired by Tuckerman's work in Boston. The purposes of such societies were to visit the poor and raise funds from the emerging middle classes to alleviate poverty and improve education. After her father's death in 1840, Carpenter worked with her sisters in her mother's boarding school in Whiteladies Road, Clifton.

In 1843, her interest in the anti-slavery movement was aroused by a visit from Boston philanthropist Samuel May. In 1846 she attended a meeting which was addressed by prominent abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass, who had escaped from slavery in 1838. She contributed to fund-raising efforts in the abolitionist cause and maintained an interest in this for the next twenty years. Her brothers William, Philip and Russell and her sister Anna were also active in this campaign. In 1851 the return of a fugitive slave from Boston back to the southern states caused her to say of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 that the United States had "committed an atrocious act ... against humanity, against itself, against God." This event caused her to concentrate on her educational work.

A bill had been introduced into Parliament "to make provision for the better education of children in manufacturing districts", but it failed to pass due to nonconformist opposition as it was seen to give pre-eminence to the position of the Church of England. As a result of the failure of the bill, ragged schools sprang up in many English towns, providing education, food and clothing to the poor, and prompting Carpenter to start such a school herself in Lewin's Mead, Bristol. A night school for adults soon followed. In 1848 the closure of the Carpenters' private school gave her more time for educational and charity work. She published a memoir of Joseph Tuckerman and a series of articles on ragged schools which were published in The Inquirer, an English Unitarian newspaper, and later published in book form.

Reformatories

This was followed in 1851 by the publication of Reformatory Schools for the Children of the Perishing and Dangerous Classes, and for Juvenile Offenders. She sketched out three classes of schools as urgently needed; good free day schools (for the children in the general population), feeding industrial schools (for children in need) and reformatory schools (for young offenders). This book drew public attention to her work, and she began to communicate with leading educational and reformist thinkers and reformers. Carpenter was consulted by those drafting educational bills, and she was invited to give evidence before House of Commons committees and in 1852 she published Juvenile Delinquents, their Condition and Treatment, which contributed to the passing of the Juvenile Offenders Act in 1854.

In 1852 she put her ideas into practice, establishing a reformatory school at Bristol in 1852, in Kingswood in the premises of a school which had originally been set by John Wesley. Originally this was for boys and girls, but she soon decided to separate the sexes and set up a girls' reformatory in what is now the Red Lodge Museum in 1854, initially funded by Lady Byron.

Red Lodge Reformatory
When Lady Byron died in 1860, Mary Carpenter was given a legacy to outright purchase the Red Lodge, including a cottage to be used for training the girls in domestic service. Mary Carpenter's detailed diaries (Ref. 12693/1-2) (online catalogue) present the earliest days at the Red Lodge transforming it from deserted house into functional school, including the discovery of a human foot in an outhouse. Carpenter's diaries also reveal the use of 'the cells' located in the cellar of the Red Lodge for disciplining "violent, refractory and noisy girls". Other punishments included caning and having their hair cut very short.

The famous anti-vivisectionist, Frances Power Cobbe worked at the Red Lodge and lived with Mary Carpenter from 1858 to 1859, but a turbulent relationship between the two meant that Cobbe left the school.

Her strong religious beliefs drove her reforms. "Love must be the ruling sentiment of all who attempt to influence and guide these children", she wrote in Reformatory Schools for the Children of the Perishing and Dangerous Classes, and for Juvenile Offenders. Now that the principle of reformatory schools was established, Carpenter agitated for free day schools, arguing the ragged schools were entitled to financial aid from the government. At the 1860 Oxford meeting, she became the first women to read a paper at a British Association meeting, addressing this subject, and, mainly owing to her instigation, a conference on ragged schools in relation to government grants for education was held at Birmingham in 1861.

In the same year, Carpenter was invited to give evidence to the House of Commons Select Committee on the Education of Destitute Children. Amongst other evidence she criticised Catholic priests who warned young children of Irish immigrants from attending her ragged school. She condemned the "low Anglo Irish" as combining "the vices of the English in a large commercial town with their ... natural character in a very undesirable way."

She further said, "I can only say that the children told us that the priests had in one case flogged a child for coming to our school, and had used very strong influence to prevent them from coming, and that I have myself been absolutely insulted in the street by Catholic children ... who feel erroneously that they were showing their zeal for their own religion by insulting Protestants."

India
In 1866 Carpenter visited India, which had been an ambition of hers since her meeting with Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1833. She visited Calcutta, Madras and Bombay, finding that for the most part girls were not educated past the age of twelve years, mainly due to a lack of educated female teachers. During her visit Carpenter met Keshab Chandra Sen, the leader of Brahmo Samaj. Sen asked her to form an organisation in Britain to improve communication between British and Indian reformers, which she did in 1870, establishing the National Indian Association. She visited many schools, hospitals and gaols and encouraged both Indian and British colonial administrators to improve and fund these. She was particularly concerned that the lack of good female education led to a shortage of women teachers, nurses and prison attendants. The Mary Carpenter Hall at the Brahmo Girls school in Calcutta was erected as a memorial to this work.

She also participated in the inauguration of the Bengal Social Science Association, and addressed a paper to the governor-general on proposals for female education, reformatory schools and improving the conditions of gaols. She returned to India in 1868 and achieved funding to set up a Normal School to educate female Indian teachers. In 1875 she made a final visit and was able to see many of her schemes in operation. She also presented proposals to for Indian prison reform to the Secretary of the Indian Government.

Europe and America
At the International Penal and Prison Congress in 1872 Carpenter read a paper on The Principles and Results of the English Reformatory and Certified Industrial Schools. She read forty papers at conferences of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science between the years of 1857 and 1746, gave many public lectures and was known as one of the most prominent speakers on social reform in an era when few women ever addressed public meetings.

Carpenter's work now began to attract attention in Europe and further afield. Not all of such attention was favourable, Pope Pius IX condemned her books and her work in 1864. Princess Alice of Hesse, who had become interested in social reform, invited her, along with Catherine Winkworth, to Darmstadt to help organise a Congress of Women Workers in 1872. This meeting resolved to work towards a "better preparation for domestic life" and "to pay greater attention to the mental development of an interest in the practical problems of life." At the conclusion of the meeting Carpenter proposed the establishment of an International Union for the Industrial Education of Women. She went on to Neuchâtel, Switzerland to study Louis Guillaume's prison system, and in 1873 to America, where she met abolitionists such as William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass. She visited prisons and in 1874 wrote to the New York Prison Association to express her concern about "the dreadful state of the Prisons".

Later life
Carpenter supported the movement for the higher education of women, and had always supported the feminist cause but for most of her life would not do so publicly, believing that the unpopularity of the movement for women's suffrage might damage her educational and penal reforms. But she did in 1877, the year of her death, appear on a public platform in Bristol, supporting the Bristol and West of England Society for Women’s Suffrage. She was invited for an interview with Queen Victoria and Florence Nightingale at Windsor Castle in 1868.

Carpenter never married, but she did adopt a five-year-old girl, Rosanna in 1858. She died, in her sleep, at the Red Lodge in June 1877 and was buried at Arnos Vale Cemetery. Her funeral cortège was half a mile long. A public meeting in October 1877 raised £2,700 to be spent on her reform schools and a memorial in Bristol Cathedral.

Legacy
The reformatory school in Kingswood was active until 1984 and the Red Lodge Girls' Reformatory closed in 1918. Carpenter's campaigns for juvenile penal reform had a major influence on the development of a more enlightened regime for dealing with young offenders. Her writings, political activism and public addresses had a major influence on correctional education in Britain, Europe, India and America and helped bring about major reforms in the 19th and 20th century. However, many of the causes of youth crime apparently remain unaddressed in the early 21st century and failures in contemporary youth jails have been criticised by official bodies.

Works

 * Morning and Evening Meditations, for Every Day in a Month. Boston: Wm. Crosby & H. P. Nichols, 1848
 * Memoir of Joseph Tuckerman, D.D., of Boston (U.S.). London: Christian Tract Society, 1849
 * Reformatory Schools: For the Children of the Perishing and Dangerous Classes and for Juvenile Offenders. London: C. Gilpin, 1851
 * Juvenile Delinquents, their Condition and Treatment. London: W. & F. G. Cash, 1853
 * Reformatories for Convicted Girls. Transactions of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, pp. 338–346, 1860
 * Six Months in India. London: Longmans, Green and Co, 1868
 * Female Life in Prison with Robinson, Frederick William. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1862
 * Our Convicts. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green, 1864
 * The Last Days in England of the Rajah Rammohun Roy. London: Trubner and Co, 1866
 * Reformatory Prison Discipline: As Developed by the Rt. Hon. Sir Walter Crofton, in the Irish Convict Prisons with Crofton, William. London: Longmans, Green and Co, 1872
 * Memoir of the Rev. Lant Carpenter, LL.D. with Russell Lant Carpenter. London: E.T. Whitfield, 1875
 * An address on prison discipline and juvenile reformatories. W. Jones, 1876

Personal papers
Papers and correspondence of Mary Carpenter, the Red Lodge Reformatory, and the Kingswood Reformatory are held by Bristol Archives (Ref. 12693) (online catalogue). Records relating to Mary Carpenter can also be found at Boston Public Library, Dorset History Centre, Oxford University: Tate Library, Huntington Library and the British Library Manuscript Collections.

title: Mary Carpenter


text:
Durham railway station

Durham is a railway station on the East Coast Main Line, which runs between London King's Cross and Edinburgh Waverley. The station, situated 14 mi south of Newcastle, serves the cathedral city of Durham in County Durham, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by London North Eastern Railway.

It is managed and served frequently by London North Eastern Railway (as a stop on the East Coast Main Line). It is also served by CrossCountry, TransPennine Express and Northern trains.

Durham is a through station with two platforms, located north of the city centre, on a hill. South of the station, the railway line approaches the station via the eleven arched Durham Viaduct; a major local landmark. After a renovation between 2006 and 2008, the original stone station building is now the ticket hall and main concourse.

History
The city of Durham has been served by four stations, only one of which survives today:
 * Shincliffe (called Shincliffe Town from 1861): located in nearby Shincliffe, this station was built in 1839 and was served by the Durham and Sunderland Railway, using rope haulage until 1856. It closed when Elvet station opened in the city centre. A second station, Shincliffe, on the Leamside to Ferryhill line, was opened in 1844. That closed to passengers in 1941.
 * Durham (Gilesgate): opened in 1844, and within the city boundaries, it was served by a branch from Belmont on the Leamside Line, then the main line from London to Newcastle. Passenger services finished in 1857 with the opening of the current station on the branch from Leamside to Bishop Auckland but it continued in use as a goods shed until final closure in 1966. Today it has been redeveloped as a Travelodge hotel, while the serving track was used in the realignment of the A690 Gilesgate bypass road.
 * Durham: In 1857, a station on the current location and viaducts over North Road and the River Browney immediately to the south were built by the North Eastern Railway, on their Leamside to Bishop Auckland line to Bishop Auckland. The station was redeveloped in 1871, when the North Eastern Railway developed a new line from Tursdale through Relly Mill Junction to Durham, and onwards from Newton Hall Junction through Chester-le-Street to Newcastle Central via the Team Valley. This became the main line, the current East Coast Main Line on 15 January 1872.
 * Durham (Elvet): in 1893, the Durham-Sunderland branch was diverted from Shincliffe Town to a new station at Elvet, within the city boundary. It closed to regular passenger services in 1931 and fully closed in 1953.

On grouping in 1923, the stations came under the control of the London and North Eastern Railway. Passenger services to Bishop Auckland and Sunderland via Penshaw were withdrawn by British Railways under the Beeching cuts, on 4 May 1964.

The East Coast Main Line through Durham was electrified in 1991.

Current facilities
Today, the station is owned by LNER and managed by London North Eastern Railway (LNER). It was refurbished between 2006 and 2008 by the operator Great North Eastern Railway (GNER) and later National Express East Coast (NXEC), which included a new passenger lounge, toilets, travel centre, glazed waiting area, lifts and shops. The entrance and ticket hall were moved from the "temporary" 1960s building into the original stone building following renovation and repairs. The works were completed in early 2008 and the newly renovated station won "Best Medium Station" and "Overall Station of the Year" at the 2008 National Rail Awards. Ticket barriers were installed in 2009. After winning the intercity east coast rail franchise, former operator Virgin Trains East Coast (VTEC) opened an information office on platform 2, added new benches and perch seating and installed Wi-Fi connection. In 2017, all ticket barriers were removed as part of Virgin Trains East Coast's (VTEC) franchise commitment.

A Brompton Bicycle hire scheme was planned to open in 2018 - however since the demise of Virgin Trains East Coast (VTEC) the management of the station has since passed on to London North Eastern Railway (LNER).

Durham County Council, working with the North East Local Enterprise Partnership, have completed a project to improve cycle routes and pedestrian access to the station from the north of the city. This involved the construction of a new cycle path as well as upgrades to road crossings on Framwellgate Peth.

In order to accommodate the new London North Eastern Railway Class 800 and 801 Azuma trains that entered service in mid 2019, platform 1 was extended north to a total length of 230 m.

Services
Train services are provided by four companies: London North Eastern Railway (LNER), CrossCountry, TransPennine Express and Northern Trains.

LNER serves Durham with one train per hour each way, southbound to London King's Cross via Darlington, York, Doncaster, Newark Northgate and Peterborough, and northbound to Edinburgh Waverley via Newcastle. Some northbound services are extended beyond Edinburgh, with one service per day to both Aberdeen (via Dundee) and Glasgow Central, as well as one daily train to Sunderland (via Newcastle) instead of Edinburgh. There is also one southbound train per day to Leeds (via York) instead of London.

CrossCountry operates services on the Cross Country Route. Northbound, the company runs 1 train per hour to Edinburgh Waverley, of which 1 train per day continues through to Aberdeen and 1 train per day is also extended beyond Edinburgh Waverley, to Glasgow Central. Additionally, 4 trains per day operate to Newcastle only. Southbound, there is 1 train per hour to Plymouth via York, Leeds, Sheffield, Derby, Birmingham New Street, Cheltenham Spa, Bristol Temple Meads, Taunton, Exeter St Davids and Totnes, two of these trains per day continue to Penzance. There are also 4 trains per day to Reading, operating on a similar route to the Plymouth services between here and Birmingham New Street, but via Doncaster instead of Leeds and Wakefield Westgate, and will call at Banbury and Oxford between Birmingham New Street and Reading.

TransPennine Express serves the station with one train an hour each way. In the northbound direction, trains run to Newcastle with some via Chester-Le-Street. Southbound, trains run to Liverpool Lime Street via York, Leeds, Dewsbury, Huddersfield, Manchester Victoria, Newton-le-Willows and Lea Green.

Northern Trains' services at Durham are less frequent, with just three morning trains every weekday north to Newcastle (of which two run through to Carlisle via Hexham) and one evening train per day south to Darlington.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Durham railway station


text:
User talk:Ebralph

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Wikiacc (talk) 14:46, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Thanks for the welcome and the tipps to look around. Any further ideas and tipps always welcomed.--Ebralph 23:23, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Mail
You got some. nobs 21:38, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

You got an answer :-) --Ebralph 21:51, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

More mail. nobs 22:07, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

It is indeed a burning issue. And needs to palced in proper context. nobs 22:40, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Venona project
Please be advised there is an attempt to re-politicize the Venona project once again with dispute tags and criticicism attacking the government's case against 171 individuals named. Those name have been removed in good faith to the new Signifcance of Venona article where discussion and arguements should be properly heard. If the intent is to re-politicize Venona materials with criticism which may be unfair and unfounded of the government's case, then the previously reverted materials may have to be reinserted for balance, unless a resolution can be found. You input would be appreciated. nobs 00:16, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks :)
This is formerly 128.194.54.244. Thanks for the help. As you can probably tell, this is something I feel strongly about. I'm gonna figure out some way to say what I want in this article, and a few others, because I know that what I'm trying to say is the unbiased truth. If that means doing a little research on the obvious, then when I get the time, so be it. BQAggie2004 04:15, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Reverts
Don't tell me what I have time for. Going through a certain set of articles and making quick edits and reverts only ever takes me at most around an hour or so in any particular session I may be able to do in total whereas anything approaching a serious discussion can eat that much at once. I gave a reason already for the revert, in the edit summary. That you don't agree with that brief statement and have the ability to revert on your own part is fine, but there is no concrete expectation of having a particularly in-depth rationale at any one point in time for doing any such thing at this site. If I say I don't have time for it today, don't pester me about it. --TJive 04:49, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * ''Tell me when you bore of the game.
 * Heavens, what damage I have caused in not illimunating my full rationale exactly when you commanded me to; why users might occasionally be deprived of Dirk's personal argumentations for several hours at a time, for no good reason!
 * Sorry if I give a bit more consideration to my words than to believe this all a "game"; it's supposed to be about the content, not the process, and most definitely not Twister or Monopoly. I will probably post on the talk page Saturday (as specific as I may afford to be), but it is likely irrelevant at this point.  Have fun at your own game but I'm afraid I'm not able to play one.  --TJive 19:17, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

Translations
You wouldn't happen to be interested in the author that shaped most Germans' view of America more than any other? I'm talking of Karl May and since his works are no longer copyrighted I have started a translation. You can find what I have so far here. My problem is that I'm not a native speaker of English. I can comfortably switch to English with a second's notice, but when I have a German text in front of me and try to translate it to English I often commit germanisms. Your input in this project would be really appreciated...

Article upgrade assistance request (Pre-translation stage)
Seasons Greetings,

This is in reference to a relatively new umbrella article on en-wikipedia named Ceremonial pole. Ceremonial pole is a human tradition since ancient times; either existed in past at some point of time, or still exists in some cultures across global continents from north to south & from east to west. Ceremonial poles are used to symbolize a variety of concepts in several different world cultures.

Through article Ceremonial pole we intend to take encyclopedic note of cultural aspects and festive celebrations around Ceremonial pole as an umbrella article and want to have historical, mythological, anthropological aspects, reverence or worships wherever concerned as a small part.

While Ceremonial poles have a long past and strong presence but usually less discussed subject. Even before we seek translation of this article in global languages, we need to have more encyclopedic information/input about Ceremonial poles from all global cultures and languages. And we seek your assistance in the same.

Since other contributors to the article are insisting for reliable sources and Standard native english; If your contributions get deleted (for some reason like linguistics or may be your information is reliable but unfortunately dosent match expectations of other editors) , please do list the same on Talk:Ceremonial pole page so that other wikipedians may help improve by interlanguage collaborations, and/or some other language wikipedias may be interested in giving more importance to reliablity of information over other factors on their respective wikipedia.

This particular request is being made to you since your user name is listed in Translators available list.

Thanking you with warm regards Mahitgar (talk) 05:41, 24 October 2015 (UTC)

Can you help verify translations of articles from German
Hello Ebralph,

Would you be able to help evaluate the accuracy of translations of Wikipedia articles from German to English Wikipedia?

This would involve evaluating a translated article on the English Wikipedia by comparing it to the original German article, and marking it "Pass" or "Fail" based on whether the translation faithfully represents the original. Here's the reason for this request:

There are a number of articles on English Wikipedia that were created as machine translations from different languages including German, using the Content Translation tool, sometimes by users with no knowledge of the source language. The config problem that allowed this to happen has since been fixed, but this has left us with a backlog of articles whose accuracy of translation is suspect or unknown, including some articles translated from German. In many cases, other editors have come forward later to copyedit and fix any English grammar or style issues, but that doesn't necessarily mean that the translation is accurate, as factual errors from the original translation may remain. To put it another way: Good English is not the same as good translation.

If you can help out, that would be great. Here's a sample of the articles that need checking:
 * 1) Ernst Heinrichsohn
 * 2) Felix Pino von Friedenthal

All you have to do, is compare the English article to the German article, and assess them "Pass" or "Fail" (the Pass and Fail templates may be useful here). (Naturally, if you feel like fixing an inaccurate translation and then assessing it, that's even better, but it isn't required.) Also please note that we are assessing accuracy not completeness, so if the English article is much shorter that is okay, as long as whatever has been translated so far is factually accurate.

If you can help, please ping me here to let me know. You can add your pass/fails above, right next to each link, or you may indicate your results below. Thanks! Mathglot (talk) 06:39, 11 June 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ebralph


text:
A Sense of Wonder

A Sense of Wonder is the fifteenth studio album by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison released in 1985. On first release, original pressings had to be recalled when the W. B. Yeats estate refused to allow Morrison's musical version of the poem "Crazy Jane on God" to be included, as they believed his poems should only be set to classical music. Morrison substituted "If You Only Knew" for the Yeats' recording. (Later, perhaps due to Morrison's efforts, Yeats poems would be put to rock settings on a whole album).

The 29 January 2008 reissued and remastered version of the album contains alternate takes of "Crazy Jane on God" and "A Sense of Wonder".

Track listing
All songs written by Van Morrison unless stated otherwise.

Side one

 * 1) "Tore Down a la Rimbaud" – 4:09
 * 2) "Ancient of Days" – 3:37
 * 3) "Evening Meditation" – 4:13
 * 4) "The Master's Eyes" – 4:01
 * 5) "What Would I Do" (Ray Charles) – 5:10

Side two

 * 1) "A Sense of Wonder" – 7:09
 * 2) "Boffyflow and Spike"  – 3:06
 * 3) "If You Only Knew" (Mose Allison) – 2:56
 * 4) "Let the Slave (Incorporating the Price of Experience)" (William Blake, Adrian Mitchell, Mike Westbrook) – 5:26
 * 5) "A New Kind of Man" – 3:21

Bonus tracks (2008 CD reissue)

 * 1) "Crazy Jane on God" – 3:50 (Alternate take) (William Mathieu, Morrison, William Butler Yeats)
 * 2) "A Sense of Wonder" – 6:06 (Alternate take)

Musicians

 * Van Morrison – guitar, piano, vocals
 * John Allair – Hammond organ
 * Bob Doll – trumpet
 * Tom Donlinger – drums
 * Pee Wee Ellis – tenor saxophone
 * David Hayes – Bass guitar
 * Pauline Lazano – backing vocals
 * Chris Michie – guitar
 * Bianca Thornton – backing vocals
 * Moving Hearts – group, performer on "A Sense of Wonder" and "Boffyflow and Spike"

Production

 * Producer and director: Van Morrison
 * Mixing: Jim Stern and Mick Glossop
 * Project coordination: John Walter
 * Sleeve design and art direction: Andrew Plewett
 * Cover art: Torchlight, London
 * Photography: Paul Cox
 * Horn arrangements: Pee Wee Ellis

title: A Sense of Wonder


text:
User talk:Thomas stieltjes

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

-Poli (talk • contribs) 14:52, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thomas stieltjes


text:
User talk:CDA

Before you post here

 * 1) No one is allowed to comment here anonymously any longer.
 * 2) No one is allowed to post here unless they share the values I have of making Wikipedia better for men and women.

August Editathons at Women in Red
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Survey about History on Wikipedia (If you reside in the United States)
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If you have any questions, please let me know. Petros Apostolopoulos, paposto@ncsu.edu Apolo1991 (talk) 16:39, 15 December 2021 (UTC)

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title: User talk:CDA


text:
Talk:Sectarianism

NPOV tag
I've put the NPOV tag on this, although perhaps general clean up would be better. A lot of this seem to be original research It's pretty difficult to be balanced in such an article, but that is the goal. . I thought a more substantive article would be useful. Most of the references concentrate on religious sects but sects can obviously also be political. If somebody wants to make the article more "neutral" this is of course always possible. The article aims to convey the kinds of mentality, habits and practices typical of sectarianism. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Jurriaan (talk • contribs) on 25 July 2005.

 * (As a lifelong English speaker, I can say definitely that I've never heard the term sectism! But no matter.) I think about 80% of this article needs to be thrown out, because it's written from the affected point of view of a psychologist analyzing the mentality of "the sectarian" – as though this fictitious single individual could stand for a whole phenomenon manifesting itself in such varied times, circumstances, and places. It also affects to offer a "remedy" for this unfortunate straw man, about which the least I can say is that it's unencyclopaedic.
 * I think what we should do is have an introduction to sectarianism in the abstract, followed by short sections on specific cases from around the world, each linking to a main article wherever a need for one is felt. In particular: Catholic/Protestant sectarianism in Ireland and elsewhere in the English-speaking world; the same in countries like France, Spain, Italy (where Catholics have had the upper hand); the phenomenon of "communalism" in South Asia (the same as sectarianism, more or less, under a different name); Shia/Sunni sectarianism in the Muslim world, especially in places like Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan where this has erupted into substantial violence; possibly also ethnic conflicts in the Balkans which as a rule are tinged with sectarianism as well. And this brings up perhaps an important point: you don't need to be particularly religious (most people in the Balkans are not) to buy into an us/them sectarian mentality. Oh, and we should presumably mention anti-Semitism too (although for some reason this falls under a different heading in my mind...). Quartier Latin   1968  19:35, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

I don't mind if you abandon my article on sectarianism, I hoped somebody would do better, but I don't really think your article satisfactorily defines what sectarianism is. Talking about remedies is quite OK... if sectarianism is viewed as a human problem, though perhaps I did not phrase it well. I think you have to be able to read the definition and be able to identify and distinguish what it is reasonably well. And while we are on the subject, let us not forget the rich history of Christian sects (why just Ireland?), the Falun Gong, PNAC, the Moonies, etc. which have all been called sects. (User:Jurriaan 19 Sept 2005).

 * Yes, good, by all means! You're right, I haven't spent much time thinking of a definition of sectarianism in the abstract, because it's my own sense that it's better to look at it in the real world. However, it's quite possible that I've erred too far in that direction. If we could dream up a convincing, flexible diagnostic for what is or is not sectarian, it would be handy to put it front and centre. (I fear, however, that much effort might be wasted merely arguing over generalities. So by all means go ahead, but I'll probably stay out of most of it, it's not really my scene.) Quartier Latin   1968  02:21, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

"As a pejorative term, accusations of sectarianism may sometimes be used to demonize an opposing group and thus serve as a convenient ploy to evade taking what somebody says or does seriously." Does this mean that accusing someone else of being sectarian is in fact a stance of sectarianism by creating a group in which to be in opposition to? If this could be discussed, it might lead to good information to be added to the article.(User:stevenwagner 3 Nov 2005)

 * Well, to return to Northern Ireland (hey, what can I say, I know much more about Ireland than about Falun Dafa), Unionists often complain that Nationalists complain excessively and falsely of sectarianism where it doesn't exist. (Of course, the Nationalists reply, that's exactly what you would say if you were sectarian and didn't want to face up to the fact.)
 * A lot of sects do seem to define themselves in opposition to some definite group of Others – an anti-sect, if you follow me, that serves as a focus of their opposition. I'm thinking here of Trotskyist groups for whom the "Stalinist bureaucrat" is the great figure of opprobrium, or of US Republicans for whom it is the "liberal élite", or of fascists for whom it was the "Jewish communist enemy of Western civilization". In each of these cases, the political "sect" appeals to and on behalf of the broad masses to uproot the supposedly cliquey and monopolistic grasp on power exercised by the 'anti-sect'. (These are just my off-the-cuff thoughts. We should really try to find somebody who can produce better documentation and more in-depth analysis than I can.) Quartier Latin   1968  02:21, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

 * "Thanks for the discussion. I know that Rene Girard frequently speaks about what he calls "the scapegoat", which is similair to what we are discussing. Girard has written numerous books discussing scapegoating as a mechanism of culture, but really focuses on religion as his examples of explaining it. Interesting enough, the Rene Girard entry says "As a Catholic, he tends to be rejected by secularists." Might be worth finding a way to link to. Too bad the Rene Girard page doesn't yet say much about his scapegoat theory. - Stevenwagner 18:07, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Sectarian conflict
''A sectarian conflict usually refers to conflict along religious and political lines such as the conflicts between between Shia and Sunni Muslims, or between Catholics and Protestants in Ulster or western Scotland. A sectarian conflict may also refer to general philosophical or political conflict between different schools of thought.''

I have never once heard the term "sectarian conflict" used for anything other than a war, certainly not attributed to the situation in Scotland or the general differences between Shia and Sunni. This is completely POV. In addition, unless evidence can be provided, I am not aware of any conflict along "political lines" between Catholics and Protestants in western Scotland. 82.13.187.66 18:21, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Hello! Welcome to the discussion. (Why don't you log in or make a user-name for yourself? 'Tis free and easy.) I think you're right; perhaps "sectarian rivalry" would have been a better phrase. However, there are instances where Shias and Sunnis do violently clash, for example in Pakistan and Iraq (though I believe neither of those conflicts is wholly or even primarily sectarian); elsewhere Shias may be persecuted or harassed by Sunnis, as in Saudi Arabia or in Afghanistan under the Taliban (these would be instances of state violence, if you like). Quartier Latin   1968  22:55, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

I really think its a stretch to link Calvinism w/ sectarianism.

 * Yes, and I'm starting to wonder what the point is of having articles on such broad, nebulous topics. Wiktionary would be more appropriate... There may still be hope here though. Compare border and etymology, which is also manage to be useful in spite of being articles on nothing specific. QuartierLatin1968 [[Image:Red flag waving transparent.png|20px|El bien mas preciado es la libertad]] 23:40, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

Proposed Merger
From Sect: "A sect is in a non-Indian context generally a small religious or political group." The sectarianism article lists, among others, protestant/catholic, chritian/muslim conflicts... Not exactly small groups. Sect and Sectarianism obviously have the same etymological root, but really deal with quite different topics. They should best stay separate. Caoilte
 * taking the merge tags down to reflect the lack of support for a merge. --Guinnog 10:22, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Another proposed merger
I see there's now a proposal to merge this article with sectarian violence. I'm neutral for now. Sectarianism includes discrimination and prejudice as well as outright violence, so it's not wholly the same... on the other hand, the fewer articles about abstractions the better, most likely, so instead we can jump right in and link to articles about real things (i.e. instead of having a structure where we siphon off into sections like, we instead merge everything and then point to ). Maybe I've talked myself into a weak support. QuartierLatin1968 22:38, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

I think this article may rely to heavily on examples of religious sectarianism
Thank you for your suggestion! When you feel an article needs improvement, please feel free to make those changes. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit almost any article by simply following the  link at the top. You don't even need to log in (although there are many reasons why you might want to). The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold in updating pages. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes — they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or use the sandbox to try out your editing skills. New contributors are always welcome. --Guinnog 20:25, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

Merging with sectarian violence is a bad idea
I linked to this page from another Wiki article (Guy Fawkes Night) which linked the word 'sectarian' to sectarianism. To merge would be a bad idea. The definition of sectarian is '... a characteristic of a sect, a religious group adhering to a distinctive doctrine...'. Not all sectarian groups have violent characteristics, and some are specifically NON-violent. Mfields1 12:02, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree with that - sectarian religious groups can have nothing to do with violence. I also disagree it's usually a pejorative - at least it doesn't seem to be used that why in an academic article I was reading. Perhaps it's a slang pejorative - to US liberals for example? 04:53, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

What is Sectarianism?
From the very first line this article assumes that the reader already knows what Sectarianism is.

The first line tells me:

The ideological underpinnings of attitudes and behaviors labeled as sectarian are extraordinarily varied.

Perhaps I can reverse-engineer from this that sectarianism is anything "labeled" as sectarian, but even if that's true, it seems to have fallen into a Fallacy of definition (in particular Defining with a synonym).

Not having the article-subject defined in the header (or anywhere else) is probably against guidelines (E.g. First Sentence Style & WP:NOT which says: "An article should usually begin with a clear description that summarizes the subject as described in the rest of the article"). All the good articles I've read on Wikipedia do take this approach of firstly introducing & defining the subject. I suggest that this article does the same.

On a practical level, the article isn't very useful to me, as I'm genuinely unsure of the implications in this word(having been given a variety of definitions from mostly meaning 'intransigent' to mostly meaning 'emphasising petty differences'). Sectarianism defines the word as: Rigid adherence to a particular sect, party or denomination If 'sectarianism' doesn't have any special characteristics beyond that, I think it should be included in the first paragraph (so that everyone knows what the article is about). I also realize that defining the precise meaning of this term is very difficult, but I don't think that's a reason not to try.

Wragge 14:35, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Quoting..."In places where more 'moderate' forms (such as Anglicanism / Episcopalianism) prevail, the two traditions do not become polarized against each other, and usually co-exist peacefully. However, in western Scotland, where many people have some Irish ancestry, sectarianism can frequently be found between Catholics and Protestants". I'd like to change this a little if I may, as it suggests that the root cause of the problem is that many people in W Scotland have some Irish ancestry (although I doubt that is what the original author meant to say!).  I come from NW England, where there is also quite a cluster of people of Irish ancestry, but I can honestly say that (despite being of obvious Irish ancestry AND being raised RC as a child) I have never in my 50 years encountered any form of sectarianism from the (largely Anglican) majority there.  I have no idea which religion my neighbours are, and I can't remember ever being asked.  If nobody objects, I'll amend it to "In places where more 'moderate' forms of Protestantism (such as Anglicanism / Episcopalianism) prevail, the two traditions do not become polarized against each other, and usually co-exist peacefully. Especially in England, sectarianism is nowadays almost unheard of.  However in Western Scotland (where Calvinism and Presbyterianism are the norm) sectarian divisions can still frequently be found between Catholics and Protestants." I'll hold-off for a bit for comments before changing anything. ChrisRed (talk) 13:17, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

 * As to 'What is Sectarianism' I would suggest that the word 'Sectarian' is one of a number of 'prefixes' that you can put before other words such as 'Bigotry' / 'Discrimination' / 'Division' / 'Intolerance' / 'Hatred' etc. to indicate the motive for them. You could take out 'Sectarian' and substitute 'Racial' / 'Inter-religious' / 'Sexual' / 'Class' etc as the prefix instead, and make up your own identikit hate list.  So, I would define 'Sectarianism' as "Bigotry, discrimination, intolerance or hatred arising from attaching importance to perceived differences between denominations within the same religion". Maybe a start, at least :-)  ChrisRed (talk) 14:36, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Going on the space allocated, it's starting to look as though Australia is the world epicentre of Protestant/Catholic sectarianism. This can't really be true, can it?. ChrisRed (talk) 14:54, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

 * More "What is Sectarianism".  After thinking about it for a while, I think that I will amend my own definition of Sectarianism (as improved by 147.252.92.71...thanks) to: "Bigotry, Discrimination, Prejudice or Hatred arising from....". The list previously included "Intolerance", which I now feel is redundant as it is practically synonymous with "Bigotry" - certainly the wiki page on 'Bigotry' says that.  So now it's "Bigotry" (i.e. = "Intolerance", "xxxxxphobia" etc); Discrimination (i.e. treating people differently because of their religious denomination/politics etc); Prejudice (i.e. thinking of/pre-judging people differently because of...) and Hatred.  I'll just change it, but if somebody with a better command of English disagrees, please feel free. ChrisRed (talk) 07:59, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I think tyhe definition is quite bad. Definining sectarianism as bigotry and discrimination and hatred is a far cry from the way the term is used forexample with in sociology of religion. I don't believe the current definition is scientifically adequate or NPOV. Specifically sectarianism is mostly a phenomenon found in MINORITY groups and as such it can also be a reaction of a group to defend themselves against prejudice and bigotry in a larger, dominant society. ·Maunus· ƛ · 02:01, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

 * If you can think of a better definition, then feel free. I am only a layman - not an academic or any kind of expert.  I find your idea of Sectarianism being a phenomenon of minorities confusing.  I can think of one obvious example of the opposite - Iran's majority Muslim population's treatment of Bahais - and there must be many others. I am fortunate in living in an area (middle England) where sectarianism is practically extinct, so I will leave it to others with more experience ChrisRed (talk) 11:32, 30 August 2009 (UTC)

Why so much info on Australia?
Shouldn't it have it's own page like the ones for pakistan, the mid east, europe, etc? it sort goes on and on and doesn't seem right for this page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.230.234.79 (talk) 05:29, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I think that the section on Australian sectarianism forms an interesting 'case study'; in this case about how sectarianism can be transferred from (literally) one side of the world to the other. Presumably there was no such thing in Australia before then (unless the Aborigines were prone to it within their own religion(s).  I believe that it is of value and should not be deleted, but agree that it should be moved to a more appropriate place (maybe a page called 'Sectarianism in Australia', with links from both this page and from one dealing with the darker side of the history and culture of Australia. ChrisRed (talk) 07:28, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

Nonsectarianism
There should maybe be an aditional note on the concept of nonsectarianism. For a long time, Protestants refered to themselves as nonsectarian because they did not claim to belong to a Church, such as members of the Catholic Church or the Eastern Orthodox Church do. This sectarian definition of nonsectarianism paradoxically led them to exclude Catholics and others from their own institutions, which were quintessentially WASP, and not very tolerant of cultural and sectarian distinctives. ADM (talk) 13:54, 26 July 2009 (UTC)

definition
i thought sectarianism is only between denominations within religious traditions, therefore conflicts between religions (between hindus and muslims for example) should not be classified as sectarianism. Yiyun 02:09, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

Sectarianism is one of those things with a very vague definition. The PSNI define sectarianism in the following manner The term 'sectarian', whilst not clearly defined, is a term almost exclusively used in Northern Ireland to describe incidents of bigoted dislike or hatred of members of a different religious or political group. It is broadly accepted that within the Northern Ireland context an individual or group must be perceived to be Catholic or Protestant, Nationalist or Unionist, Loyalist or Republican. (Taken from page 22 of the "HATE INCIDENTS & CRIMES - PSNI Statistics: Annual Statistical Report" In the Northern Irish context, is it safe to assume that sectarianism refers to any "bigoted dislike or hatred" towards the other section and side of the divide? That's how the term is used here, not entirely religious. PatrickC (talk) 21:33, 11 July 2008 (UTC)

I've looked at several different dictionaries, and none of them support the definition presented here. This entire article is unsourced, and should be rewritten. If no one else fixes it by Saturday, I'm going to come up with some new title and create a stub at the "sectarian" page.Heqwm2 (talk) 04:30, 21 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Acually, the article has four sources. --Dr.enh (talk) 01:43, 12 January 2010 (UTC)

Four pieces of trivia are sourced. The central article is completely unsourced.Heqwm2 (talk) 04:51, 12 January 2010 (UTC)

Dr.enh, what the hell is your problem? I took this entire article, moved it to the "Sectarian discrimination" page (changing references to the article subject as needed), and then replaced the text on this page with a stub and a link to that page. On that page, you insisted on putting a tag on the article saying it was unsourced. On this page, which is virtually the same text, you refuse to acknowledge that it is unsourced. I can't see any explanation other than you have some sort of bizarre vendetta against me and insist on taking the opposite position of whatever I say.Heqwm2 (talk) 08:27, 13 January 2010 (UTC)

The first statement of this article "Sectarianism is bigotry, discrimination or hatred arising from attaching importance to perceived differences between subdivisions within a group, such as between different denominations of a religion or the factions of a political movement." has no source, and should be removed. Anyone who disagrees should post a substantive response.Heqwm2 (talk) 22:12, 29 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Hello...ChrisRed again. I have returned to this article again after a long break on other projects.  (Quoting) "Sectarianism, (according to one definition), is bigotry, discrimination or hatred arising from attaching importance to perceived differences between subdivisions within a group, such as between different denominations of a religion or the factions  of a political movement".  Please note that this 'definition' was mine, and somebody else added the words "According to one definition" later.  I am really not in any position of authority to 'define' anything, it was just my own personal attempt to clean-up the rather messy description that was there before.  This is an encyclopedia after all, and I just relied on the true meaning of the word 'sect', to imply that 'sect'-arianism could only exist between sects - or 'shades' - of the same broad mindset.  So, sectarianism can only exist between Catholic Christians and Protestant Christians, Leninist Communists and Trotskyite Communists, moderate conservatives (small 'c') and hawkish Neo-Cons etc.  I just think that (for example) Christianity versus Islam is not 'sectarianism', because (although they have many similarities, i.e. both share almost-identical 'Old Testaments' and both hold Jesus of Nazareth in very high esteem) they are otherwise sufficiently different as to no longer be sects of the same religion.  Perhaps ones definition of sectarianism can be coloured by your own viewpoint and experience.  I was just trying to give a 'dictionary'-style definition.  I look forward to somebody else giving their wonderful 'definition', if only to reassure myself that my decision to pack-up Wiki-editing was the right one :-) 86.145.191.99 (talk) 23:24, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

Summary
Sectarianism is a man-made word used to communicate the simple fact that different religious groups do exist. Dsoconno (talk) 02:21, 27 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Aren't all words "man-made"? Skinsmoke (talk) 09:32, 17 November 2014 (UTC)

Ireland
To be blunt I don't like the section of Ireland. Anyone who has studied Irish History will know that most of the conflict stemmed form political differences, although religious differences did play a part. Reading the article suggests that the entire conflict was simply between catholics vs protestants with the political causes being insignificant. That ignores people like Wolfe Tone, Robert Emmett, Charles Stewart Parnell, William Smith O'Brien, Jack White, Constance Gore Booth, Sean O'Casey, Sam Maguire and Sean MacStiofian who were all protestant and committed Republicans. Exiledone (talk) 17:29, 29 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Sectarian divides can be politically motivated and are not exclusively religious. SeekerAfterTruth (talk) 04:01, 24 January 2011 (UTC)

The definition itself: Sectarianism is not Segregation
This whole article is bogus. Like stated above, it assumes we already know what Sectarianism is. On top of that, you have Sectarianism that doesn't result in hatred, violence, or SEGREGATION. Sectarianism is not Segregation. If we care for our language and accuracy we best rewrite this entire article.

No one could possibly doubt that Sectarianism can bring conflict, but it itself is not conflict. A Society OFTEN has many SECTS within it. We can't have Wikipedia bullhorning Orwellian philosophy.

195.222.108.157 (talk) 05:21, 1 June 2011 (UTC)

Expanding Lebanon section
Hi all, I'm a student at Georgetown University and for a class we have to edit/expand/create a Wiki entry on a topic related to the Arab world. As such, I've decided to expand on the Lebanon section of this article by providing some historical background, information about the Lebanese political system, the Civil War, and recent events related to sectarian violence. Any comments/suggestions would be useful once I edit! Ls1030 (talk) 00:54, 15 March 2014 (UTC)

 * Well done! We should probably fork most of it into a separate sectarianism in Lebanon article, however. Q·L·1968 ☿ 21:45, 20 November 2014 (UTC)

Hello, I am a student from Leiden University and like the student above i have to edit/expand/create a wiki entry on a topic related to Sectarianism. I have chosen to focus on the 1975 Civil War, discussing particular events that were sectarian in origin and in nature. 3rd May 2020.

Hi, another student here! I'm taking up the suggestion of creating a separate sectarianism in Lebanon article. I will work on it in the next months, so please contact me here if you have any suggestion in mind. Ziribilla (talk) 13:17, 24 February 2022 (UTC)

 * As I mentioned here, I worked on a separate article which is now live: Sectarianism in Lebanon. I incorporated the existing sections from this page into this new article, thus deleted the sections from this page and provided an overview that links to the main article. Ziribilla (talk) 14:15, 19 May 2022 (UTC)

fissiparous
Maybe 'fissiparous' could be replaced by a more common word?

regionalism
I was astonished to see that in Britain the use of "sectarian language" in some public places is a punishable offense. Using the religious jargon of a particular denomination or religious persuasion is a crime?? If a Catholic speaks of the sacrament of reconciliation, a Muslim mentions the sevenfold circumambulation of the Kaaba, a Jew mentions a bar mitzvah, a Lutheran mentions the ninety-five theses, a member of the Church of England wonders who will be the next archbishop of Canterbury, they can serve a term in prison for that?? Then I found this Wikipedia article, which begins as follows:
 * Sectarianism is a form of bigotry, discrimination, or hatred arising from attaching relations of inferiority and superiority to differences between subdivisions within a group. Common examples are denominations of a religion, ethnic identity, class, or region for citizens of a state and factions of a political movement.

I wonder if in a million years I'd ever have guessed that that's what anyone would mean by that word. Isn't this a regional usage, not generally known in the English-speaking world? I live in Minneapolis. The constitution of the state of Minnesota, where I live, forbids the use of taxpayer's money to support "sectarian schools". That simply means schools affiliated with a particular religious denomination. Shouldn't the title of an article on this topic be "bigotry" or something like that? Michael Hardy (talk) 03:57, 15 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Everyone has ignored my comment above. Thus I have done this edit. Michael Hardy (talk) 14:22, 20 November 2017 (UTC)

 * Umm... huh? "Sectarian" schools, in the sense of the Minnesota constitution, are those affiliated with a particular sect, not those that practise sectarianism. "Sectarianism", as widely used in US and international media, is just what the earlier definition said. Q·L·1968 ☿ 22:53, 20 November 2017 (UTC)

 * "Sectarian language" is, to some extent, a euphemism for "offensive insults based on the target's sect", which Britain treats similarly to verbal abuse based on racism, sexism, etc. I think this page move requires further discussion.  At least, please complete the move by editing the 300 broken wikilinks that it leaves pointing to a disambiguation page, per WP:FIXDABLINKS. Certes (talk) 12:10, 21 November 2017 (UTC)

 * Now moved back. That was a very bad page move. Scolaire (talk) 17:33, 21 November 2017 (UTC)

Definition (again)
The definition in the first sentence has been discussed previously and I also find it strange. An IP editor recently changed it slightly but the result is also suboptimal. My impression is that sectarianism is mostly about separation from other groups (i.e. the formation of splinter groups, denominations, etc) for doctrinal or ideological reasons. A source I just checked mentions the importance of the belief that one's ideas are better than others as a cause and coalitionism as one of the results. And another source attributing causes like fanatism as cause of sectarianism. Starting with "Sectarianism is a form of bigotry..." may still be a bit bold and imprecise. "Sectarianism can cause..." may be suitable elsewhere than as the first sentence (and digresses from what sectarianism is or what its causes are). The sentence used to attribute bigotry as a reason for sectarianism, but now considers bigotry as a possible consequence of sectarianism, which is very different. I have thus reverted it for now. — Paleo Neonate  – 21:14, 13 August 2018 (UTC)

 * I agree with your changes and thoughts about this, PaleoNeonate. The article states that the meaning of sectarianism in this article is distinct from "sects" which is where the religious aspects are supposed to be discussed. Also agree with your comments about bigotry. I made some slight changes to that effect in the lead of the article.--FeralOink (talk) 11:20, 13 September 2021 (UTC)

Iraq and Syria section
Hi Wikipedia editors, I am working on an assignment to attribute to a Wikipedia entry and think the sections on Iraq and Syria could use some expansion. This would be intended to imbed the existence of sectarianism in a more historical framework, focus on others outings of sectarianism apart from the Syrian and Iraqi civil war and perhaps outbalance the difference between the Lebanese section and other sections. I was wondering if you have any thoughts on elaborating on these entries and for those who have previously worked on this article, if they could tell me why the Iraqi and Syrian entries have not been elaborated before? Thanks a lot!Power&Resistance2020 (talk) 11:25, 21 March 2020 (UTC)

Expanding section Yemen
Hi, I am a student of a Middle Eastern Studies programme. For a course assignment supported by Wiki Education I have to work on an article. The Yemen section contains only two sentences about Yemen's recent sectarian clashes. I have decided to elaborate on the history of sectarianism in Yemen.--S2149249 (talk) 12:15, 23 March 2020 (UTC)

 * This is a very good idea. You are right, there is not much information about sectarianism in Yemen. History of sectarianism is a good point to start. I believe, the social dimension is also important to be added. Medo Lieden (talk) 18:13, 11 February 2024 (UTC)

Article needs political sectarianism broken out from religious
All sectarianism is not religious in nature. The lead of the article correctly states this; however, the article classifies all forms of sectarianism under the header of religion, with content that is inconsistent with that heading. I am going to break out some of those non-religion related examples into the their own sub-headings.--FeralOink (talk) 11:15, 13 September 2021 (UTC)

 * I made some minor changes to the lead in accord with my comment above, and with this section of the talk page, Definition (again)--FeralOink (talk) 11:21, 13 September 2021 (UTC)

Working towards a more substantive and neutral article
Hi! I am a student working on the topic of sectarianism and would like to propose some edits. These are aligned with the discussion on the talk page asking to contribute to making the article “more neutral”, with a less biased definition towards the religious aspect of the concept and "more substantive".

I think that the current definition is biased as it aligns with the traditional state-centric and political view that understands sectarianism as pre-existing fixed and incompatible communal structures in society, without acknowledging the social constructivist understanding of sectarianism as a set of daily practices that people strategically use and transcend to create their own political spaces.

On that basis and to start with, I have edited the first sentence:

"Sectarianism is a debated concept. Some scholars and journalists understand it as pre-existing fixed communal categories in society, and use it to explain political, cultural, or religious conflicts between groups. Others conceive of sectarianism as a set of social practices where daily life is organised on the basis of communal norms and rules that individuals strategically use and transcend. This definition highlights the co-constitutive aspect of sectarianism and people’s agency, as opposed to understanding sectarianism as fixed and incomaptible boundaries people are bound by."

And the header to be more neutral:

"This article is about sectarianism and its different conceptual interpretations”

I deleted the below part, because it was biased and there were no references/sources:

"is a political, cultural, or religious conflict between two groups. Prejudice, discrimination, exclusion, or hatred can arise in these conflicts, depending on the political status quo and if one group holds more power within the government. Often, not all members of these groups are engaged in the conflict. But as tensions rise, political solutions require the participation of more people from either side within the country or polity where the conflict is happening. Common examples of these divisions are denominations of a religion, ethnic identity, class, or region for citizens of a state and factions of a political movement." Curiouschanter (talk) 18:27, 22 February 2024 (UTC)

Deleting "Splintering"
Hi all,

I have deleted the section on "splintering" because it was almost fully made up of pretty big claims which were not cited. Wisenose (talk) 15:23, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

 * For reference, this was the section: (no citations)
 * The ideological underpinnings of attitudes and behaviors labelled as sectarian are extraordinarily varied. Members of a religious, national or political group may believe that their own salvation, or the success of their particular objectives, requires aggressively seeking converts from other groups; likewise, adherents of a given faction may believe that the achievement of their own political or religious goals requires the conversion or purging of dissidents within their own sect.
 * Sometimes a group that is under economic or political pressure will kill or attack members of another group which it regards as responsible for its own decline. It may also more rigidly define the definition of orthodox belief within its particular group or organization, and expel or excommunicate those who do not support this newfound clarified definition of political or religious orthodoxy. In other cases, dissenters from this orthodoxy will secede from the orthodox organization and proclaim themselves as practitioners of a reformed belief system, or holders of a perceived former orthodoxy. At other times, sectarianism may be the expression of a group's nationalistic or cultural ambitions, or exploited by demagogues. Wisenose (talk) 15:24, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sectarianism


text:
Soldo

The soldo was an Italian medieval silver coin, issued for the first time in the late 12th century at Milan by Emperor Henry VI. The name derives from the late Roman coin solidus.

History

It quickly became widespread in Italy, where it was coined in Genoa, Bologna, and numerous other cities. In Venice, the soldo was minted from the reign of Francesco Dandolo onward, remaining in use also after the republic's dissolution in 1797 and during the Austrian occupation, until 1862. In the 14th century Florence, a soldo equaled $1/20$ of a lira and 12 denari.

As time passed, the soldo started to be coined in billon and, from the 18th century, in copper. During the reign of Leopoldo II of Tuscany (19th century), it was worth three quattrini. The Napoleonic reformation of Italian coinage (early 19th century) made it worth 5 cents, while 20 soldi were needed to form a lira.

The term, used in medieval times to designate the pay of soldiers, became its synonym in both Italian and German (as Sold).

authors: Петров Эдуард

title: Soldo


text:
User talk:Petergalileo

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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-Poli (talk • contribs) 14:47, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Turkey Brook
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Nomination of Aniseed twist for deletion
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title: User talk:Petergalileo


text:
Soldi

"Soldi" is a song recorded by Italian singer Mahmood. It was released on 6 February 2019, as the fifth single from his debut studio album, Gioventù bruciata (2019). Mahmood co-wrote the song with Dario "Dardust" Faini and Charlie Charles, who also produced it.

Mahmood performed the song for the first time at the 69th Sanremo Musical Festival in February 2019 and won the competition, receiving the right to represent Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019. "Soldi" was later confirmed as his Eurovision entry, eventually reaching second place in the final. The song is predominantly in Italian, with one line in Arabic, making it the fourth time that a Eurovision song features the Arabic language after entries by in,  in  and  in. "Soldi" topped the charts in Greece, Israel, Italy and Lithuania and reached the top 10 in five more countries. The song became the most-streamed Eurovision song ever on Spotify, a record held until late January 2021 when it was surpassed by the 2019 Eurovision winner, "Arcade" by Duncan Laurence.

Background and composition
Interviewed by TV Sorrisi e Canzoni, Mahmood revealed he started writing the song while hanging out with some friends. Despite this, it took a long time for him to complete the song. Producers Dardust and Charlie Charles contributed its sound, renewing it with contemporary elements borrowed from trap music. Hip hop sounds are also mixed with Arabic influences.

The song structure does not include a proper chorus. According to Italian producer and musician Andrea Rodini, the song's hook is based on three different elements: the repetition of the word "soldi" (money), the verse "come va" (what's up?), pronounced multiple consecutive times, and the sound of clapping hands, which Rodini describes as a "cubistic" chorus.

"Soldi" is an autobiographic song about Mahmood's "unconventional family". Its lyrics explore Mahmood's relationship with his father, who left his family while he was a child. It depicts a lying, contradictory and unreliable father, whose main priority is money instead of his own family. Money is therefore represented as one of the causes of the end of a father-and-son relationship, marking a strong departure from trap music themes, which usually depicts money as the ultimate goal of life. Mahmood explained that the song's lyrics "evoke a memory" and that "there's a lot of anger" in it. Its verses reproduce a series of different pictures, often used by Mahmood as metaphors.

The song also includes a sentence in Arabic. Although he cannot speak Arabic, Mahmood explained that he remembers how his Egyptian father called him when he was a child, and that he chose to include this verse as a way to bring him back to a particular moment in time.

Sanremo Music Festival
In December 2018, Mahmood was one of 24 acts selected to compete in Sanremo Giovani, a televised competition aimed at selecting two newcomers as contestants of the 69th Sanremo Music Festival. Competing acts were split in two separate groups, which performed in different live shows. A winner from each group was declared, and Mahmood placed first in the second episode of the show, with his entry "Gioventù bruciata". Mahmood also received the Critics' Award among acts performing in the second final. "Soldi" was later announced as his entry for the Sanremo Music Festival 2019.

Mahmood performed the song for the first time during the first live show of the 69th Sanremo Music Festival, which was held on 5 February 2019. He was the 24th and final act to appear on stage, performing after midnight. Dario "Dardust" Faini, co-writer of the song, directed the Sanremo Orchestra during his performance. During the third live show, "Soldi" was the first performance of the night. On 8 February 2019, Mahmood performed the song in a new version, featuring rapper Gué Pequeno. During the first round of the final, "Soldi" placed 7th in the televote, but was the most voted by the experts jury, and the second most voted by the press jury. As a result, Mahmood gained a spot in the top three acts of the competition. After an additional performance, the song was declared the winner of the 69th Sanremo Music Festival, beating Ultimo's "I tuoi particolari" and "Musica che resta" by Il Volo, which placed second and third, respectively. Mahmood also received the "Enzo Jannacci" Award for Best Performance.

Eurovision Song Contest
Following his win, it was confirmed by RAI and the European Broadcasting Union that Mahmood had accepted the invitation to represent Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest, which is given to the winner of the Sanremo Music Festival, and that he'd be performing "Soldi" at Eurovision. As Italy is a member of the "Big Five", he automatically advanced to the final, held on 18 May 2019 in Tel Aviv, Israel. The song finished in second place with 472 points, and won the Marcel Bezençon Composer Award.

Music video
The music video for "Soldi" was directed by Attilio Cusani. As of December 2023, the video has over 206 million views on YouTube.

Certifications

 * +Certifications and sales for "Soldi"

title: Soldi


text:
Stealing Home

Stealing Home is a 1988 American coming of age romantic drama film written and directed by Steven Kampmann and William Porter (billed as Will Aldis). The film stars Mark Harmon, Blair Brown, Jonathan Silverman, Harold Ramis, William McNamara, and Jodie Foster. The movie focuses on a failed baseball player, Billy Wyatt, who discovers that his childhood sweetheart, Katie Chandler, has died by suicide. Billy must confront the past via reminiscence and nostalgia, while also dealing with grief, as he embarks on a journey to fulfill one of Katie's last wishes; that he spread her ashes.

Stealing Home was released theatrically on August 26, 1988 by Warner Bros. Upon release the film was a critical and commercial failure, although David Foster's musical score garnered universal praise. Since its release, with television reruns, and DVD releases, the film has attained cult classic status, praised by audiences for its melancholic and nostalgic themes, performances, and musical score.

Plot
In the present, Billy Wyatt is a washed-up baseball player in his thirties, living in a hotel with a cocktail waitress. One afternoon, he receives a phone call from his mother, Ginny, informing him that his childhood babysitter and friend, Katie Chandler, has committed suicide. She also tells him that Katie left a will specifying that Billy is responsible for her ashes, claiming Billy was "the only one who would know what to do with them." Saddened and confused, Billy promises to come home that night.

Flashbacks to the 1960s show Billy and Katie's relationship. Katie was a slightly older girl who babysat Billy for the Wyatts, who were best friends with the Chandlers. Katie mentors Billy, giving him advice on girls and dating. As a birthday gift, she gives him a baseball pendant on a necklace to always remind him that he is a baseball player.

While Billy is still in high school, his father, Sam, dies in a car accident. Two months later, Katie, Billy, Ginny, and Billy's friend Alan Appleby decide to spend the Fourth of July week at the Chandlers' summer home, Seasmoke. During their vacation, Billy thinks Katie is encouraging his mother to move on too quickly, and they have a shouting match.

The next day at sunrise, Billy goes to Katie for forgiveness, and they spend the rest of the weekend together at Seasmoke. As the weekend comes to a close, Katie encourages Billy to pursue his passion for baseball. In the present, Billy remembers that was the last time he saw her.

In the present, Katie's father, Hank, visits the Wyatt family to deliver Katie's ashes to Billy, who still has no idea what to do with them. Hank suggests a church service. Billy drives to Seasmoke to think and reminisce.

Billy reunites with Appleby, and they engage in a night of reminiscing and carousing while driving around in Katie's car with her ashes, trying to figure out what to do with them. Still unaware of what to do, Billy goes to Katie's parents' house to give them her ashes. While there, Billy recalls Katie telling him how she wanted to jump off the pier and fly free with the birds. Billy goes to the pier, runs down the dock, and tosses her ashes just the way she described in her fantasy.

Billy joins a minor league baseball team, taking pride in grooming the field each morning before a game. The film ends with Billy stealing home, the same thing he did in the last game he played just before his father died.

Production
The film was mostly shot in the Philadelphia area and in New Jersey. Exterior scenes, as well as scenes of Billy's house and Alan Appleby's sporting goods store, were filmed in Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. Carlton Academy scenes were filmed at Chestnut Hill Academy.

The interiors of Billy's childhood home were filmed in a house in Springfield, Pennsylvania. Scenes in Bob's Diner were filmed at Ridge Avenue in Roxborough.

Billy and Alan Appleby also sneak into and play baseball at Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia.

The opening scene and the closing scenes were shot at Fiscalini Field in San Bernardino, California, the home field of the minor-league San Bernardino Spirit. Mark Harmon was a part-owner of the Spirit at the time of filming, which led his character to be shown playing for that team.

Reception
The film received negative reviews around the time of its release. In her review for the New York Times, Janet Maslin wrote, "The era is simply established as a dreamily idyllic past, thanks to sand dunes at twilight, waves that crash in the distance, shiny red convertibles without seat belts and a musical score that may make you want to weep, for all the wrong reasons". In his one-star review for the Chicago Sun-Times, Roger Ebert wrote, "I detested Stealing Home so much, from beginning to end, that I left the screening wondering if any movie could possibly be that bad". On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 20% based on reviews from 10 critics.

When asked about the film in 2006, Mark Harmon said, "That was about a bunch of actors loving a script, going there and burning it on both ends for five weeks just to get it done. That was a fun one to make. I hear a lot about that role. People really found that movie on video."

Summer of '42
Ever since the release of Summer of '42, Warner Bros. has attempted to buy back the rights to the film, which they sold to author Herman Raucher in lieu of paying him a flat fee for the script on the belief that the film would not be financially successful. Stealing Home was greenlit shortly after Raucher denied their latest attempt to purchase the rights, leading to Summer star Jennifer O'Neill's assertion that Stealing Home was "stolen" from Summer. Regardless, she said that she enjoyed the film and called it a "lovely film." Rita Kempley, in her review for the Washington Post, also saw similarities with Summer, describing the film as a "pale comedy-drama by mediocrities Steven Kampmann and Will Aldis. Admittedly a pastiche of their memories, the movie bespeaks the dust of '60s yearbooks and greeting card sentiment. Of course, that stuff can be touching (Summer of '42) or quirky (Gregory's Girl), but here only allergy sufferers will leave with soggy Kleenex."

title: Stealing Home


text:
Hibiscus waimeae

Hibiscus waimeae (white Kauai rosemallow, kokio keokeo, or kokio kea) is a species of flowering plant within the okra family, Malvaceae, that is endemic to the island of Kauai in Hawaii.

Etymology
Hibiscus refers to the Greek word ibiscos meaning mallow, and waimeae is derived from Waimea Canyon, where the hibiscus waimeae is found. The hibiscus waimeae is also known in Hawaiian as kokio kea. Kokio is the Hawaiian language word for hibiscus and kea is the Hawaiian word for white.

Description
It is a small gray-barked tree, reaching on average a height of 6 - 10 m and an average trunk diameter of 0.3 m. Around 1/8 inches long, the fuzzy brown seeds of the hibiscus waimeae plant are enclosed in protective oblong pods.

The hibiscus waimeae plant blooms year-round, though it may experience brief periods without bloom, particularly in the cooler seasons. The flowers last for a single day, starting out white and fading to pink in the afternoon. Though flowers bloom and close over the course of one day, the plant itself can live longer than 5 years.

H. arnottianus of Oahu and Molokai and H. waimeae are the only Hawaiian hibiscuses that have white flowers. Producing a sweet-smelling flower, the hibiscus waimeae plant is also one of only two hibiscus species to have a fragrance.

Distribution and habitat
H. waimeae inhabits coastal mesic, mixed mesic, and wet forests at elevations of 250 –.

H. waimeae subsp. waimeae can be found in the western and southwestern parts of the island, where it grows in the Waimea Canyon area and valleys that face the ocean. H. waimeae subsp. hannerae is rarer (listed as endangered by the USFWS) and can often be found in the northwestern part of the island where it grows in the Hanakapiai, Limahuli, and Kalihi Wai valleys.

Uses
Hibiscus waimeae, like many hibiscus species, are popularly placed in the hair or tucked behind the ear. It is also commonly used to make leis, which are garlands typically made of strung together flowers and used in many different types of celebrations.

The plant was primarily grown around homes and used as decoration by Native Hawaiians, though it is said that H. waimeae flowers were also eaten by men and boys as a laxative.

Cultivation
Due to the easily hybridized nature of Hibiscus plants, it is recommended that seeds are hand pollinated after removal from their pods. H. waimeae can be propagated via seeds, cutting, air layering, and grafting.

title: Hibiscus waimeae


text:
User talk:Jojo-schmitz~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
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 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

-Poli (talk • contribs) 14:48, 2005 July 25 (UTC)

PDQ Bach
I feel that the P. D. Q. Bach page is supposed to have the silly birthplace name of Baden-Baden-Baden and that the archaic spelling within "Gott sei dank, daß heute Freitag ist" adds to the fun. Modernizing the spelling diminishes the humor. Binksternet (talk) 15:08, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
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Renamed
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title: User talk:Jojo-schmitz~enwiki