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Drawing Restraint 9 (album)

The Music from Matthew Barney's Drawing Restraint 9 is the second soundtrack album by Björk, released on 25 July 2005 in the UK and on 23 August 2005 in the US. It was composed for Matthew Barney's Drawing Restraint 9, the ninth installment of his ongoing Drawing Restraint film series.

The album was re-released in 2006 as a DualDisc including new DTS 96/24 5.1-channel surround sound mixes on the DVD-audio side, plus the extra track "Petrolatum". The DualDisc also formed part of the Surrounded box set.

Background
For the composing of the soundtrack, Björk traveled to Japan to study ancient Japanese music. Several tracks are made with the sound of the shō, a Japanese instrument which contains 16 various reeds; Mayumi Miyata plays the shō on multiple compositions in the soundtrack and appears in the film playing the instrument. "Holographic Entrypoint" features a Noh score and vocal performance by Shiro Nomura, which complements a climactic scene in the film.

Alternative folk singer Will Oldham (also known as Bonnie 'Prince' Billy) is featured on the first track, "Gratitude", singing a letter from a Japanese fisherman to General Douglas MacArthur set to a melody by Matthew Barney. Björk brought "Nameless" back from her 2003 tour, and, with the help of Leila Arab, looped and edited it to create the track "Storm". Björk's vocals feature only on the tracks "Bath", "Storm", and "Cetacea". "Gratitude", "Shimenawa" and "Cetacea" feature harp player Zeena Parkins, who previously collaborated with Björk on her 2001 album Vespertine. "Hunter Vessel" was later sampled on her album Volta for the tracks "Vertebræ by Vertebræ" and "Declare Independence". The track "Storm" was featured in the 2012 video game Spec Ops: The Line.

Track listing
All tracks written by Björk, except where noted. All tracks produced solely by Björk, except for "Ambergris March" produced with Mark Bell and Valgeir Sigurðsson.

The film
The following is a list of the full score used in the film ordered from when they chronologically appear. Many of the tracks are instrumental or variations of the main themes so were not included on the official soundtrack.

 * 1) "Gratitude" (Barney, Björk) – 4:59
 * 2) "Petrolatum" – 6:10
 * 3) "Haf"
 * 4) "Pearl" – 3:43
 * 5) "Nisshin Maru" (Valgeir Sigurðsson) – 2:41
 * 6) "Host" (Mark Bell) – 5:50
 * 7) "Bath" (Björk, Akira Rabelais) – 5:07
 * 8) "Aposiopesis" (Akira Rabelais) – 5:16
 * 9) "Hunter Vessel" – 6:36
 * 10) "Shimenawa" – 2:48
 * 11) "Vessel Shimenawa" – 1:54
 * 12) "Repose" (Valgeir Sigurðsson);- 8:49
 * 13) "Storm" (Björk, Leila) – 5:32
 * 14) "Holographic Entrypoint" (Barney) – 9:57
 * 15) "Ambergris March" – 3:57
 * 16) "Field Inversion";- 1:00
 * 17) "Cetacea" (Barney, Björk) – 3:12
 * 18) "Antarctic Return" – 4:18

Personnel

 * Björk – arranger, producer, programmer, keyboards, harp, beat programming
 * Tanya Tagaq – throat singing
 * Luis "Kako" Alvarez – design assistant
 * Yuji Arai – coordination, session coordinator
 * Matthew Barney – director, producer, writer, design, direction, filmmaker
 * Scott Bartucca – oboe
 * Mark Bell – producer, beat programming
 * David Bobroff – contrabass trombone
 * James Button – oboe
 * Bruce Eidem – trombone
 * Emil Friðfinnsson – horn
 * Christopher Gaudi – oboe
 * Barbara Gladstone – producer
 * Kathy Halvorson – oboe
 * Shinichi Ishikawa – liner notes
 * Clarice Jensen – assistant, project coordinator
 * Mai Kamio – chorus
 * Alisa Kikuchi – chorus
 * Alexandra Knoll – oboe
 * Winnie Lai – oboe
 * Dan "D Unit" Levine – trombone
 * Dan Levine – trombone
 * Eleanor Miceli – chorus
 * Taro Miceli – chorus
 * Mayumi Miyata – sho
 * Umeda Miyuki – assistant engineer
 * Tony Morgan – design
 * Nico Muhly – conductor, keyboards, preparation, score preparation
 * Shiro Nomura – vocals
 * Shonosuke Okura – percussion, chant
 * Will Oldham – vocals
 * Guðrún Óskarsdóttir – harpsichord
 * Eiríkur Örn Pálsson – trumpet
 * Zeena Parkins – harp
 * Dean Plank – trombone
 * Sigurður S. Porbergsson – trombone
 * Sturla Pórisson – assistant engineer
 * Akira Rabelais – piano treatments
 * Matt Ryle – production design
 * Einar St. Jónsson – trumpet
 * Christopher Seguine – post production supervisor, post producer
 * Jónas Sen – celeste
 * Shogo Senda – chorus
 * Raku Shigematsu – chorus
 * Valgeir Sigurðsson – keyboards, programming, producer, engineer, mixing, beat programming
 * Samuel Solomon – percussion, glockenspiel, crotale
 * Peter Strietmann – photography, photography director
 * Henry Takizawa – chorus
 * Merrill Takizawa – chorus
 * Takahiro Uchida – engineer
 * Kuniyoshi Ueda – noh arranger, translation
 * Marcus Grandon – assistance to Mr. Ueda
 * Paul P Dub Walton – mixing
 * Chris Washburn – trombone
 * Tommy Webster – assistant engineer
 * Chris Winget – photography

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Drawing Restraint 9 (album)


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Irish commandos

Two Irish Commandos, volunteer military units of guerrilla militia, fought alongside the Boers against the British forces during the Second Boer War (1899–1902).

Background
Irish support for the Boers can be traced back to 1877 when several Irish parliamentarians, such as Charles Stewart Parnell, opposed laws to annex the South African Republic under British rule. Although the annexation was successful, many Irishmen continued to show support for the Boers during the First Anglo-Boer War; especially in 1881 following the British defeat at the Battle of Majuba Hill where an Irishman Alfred Aylward served as an adviser to the Boer General Piet Joubert during the battle. When rumours of a second war with the Boers began to surface, protesters led by James Connolly took to the streets in Dublin in August 1899 and public meetings were held across Ireland in support of the Boers. Several weeks later in Dublin, nearly twenty thousand marched in protest against the planned invasion of the South African Republic.

War followed from President Paul Kruger's ultimatum of 9 October 1899, which gave the British government 48 hours to comply. He declared war on Britain on 11 October.

The Irish Transvaal Brigade was established days before the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Boer War and initially consisted of Irishmen who worked in the Witwatersrand. The volunteers were given full citizenship and became Burghers of the Boer republics. The brigade was formed by Colonel John Blake, an Irish-American former officer in the US Army, who was later succeeded by John MacBride. Under the leadership of MacBride, the brigade was strengthened by volunteers travelling from Ireland who entered South Africa via Portuguese Mozambique.

Irish American volunteers
Recruitment of volunteers for the Boer cause was supported by representatives of the New York United Irish Societies while Dutch Americans organised to influence US foreign policy towards the Boers. Fifty-eight men of the Irish American Ambulance Corps travelled from Chicago to New York City, where they were welcomed as heroes for the purpose of joining the war effort. In South Africa, upon their arrival in April 1900, they were welcomed by fellow Irish American John Y. F. Blake, removed their Red Cross armbands and joined the Irish Transvaal Brigade. The two Irish Americans, Michael O'Hara and Edward Egan, who died in battle were described as "New Martyrs to Liberty" by the American press.

Irish Transvaal Brigade
The Irish Transvaal Brigade, also known as the Wreckers' Corps, was organised by John MacBride, who was then employed at the Rand Mines. Most of the company-strength Brigade were Irish or Irish-American miners living in the Transvaal who were willing to fight with the Boers against the British. The Brigade was bolstered during its campaign by a contingent of volunteers who came from Chicago and by a variety of Irish volunteers who travelled from America and Ireland to join the Brigade.

Irishmen who enlisted in the British Army also fought in the Boer War, which symbolised one of many moments in Irish history in which Irishmen had divided loyalties. That ultimately led to them fighting each other.

John MacBride wrote his own account of the Irish Transvaal Brigade, which can be found in Anthony J. Jordan's edited version of the writings of MacBride.

The Brigade would come to be known as MacBride's Brigade, after their commander, John MacBride. It was operational from September 1899 to September 1900, when the brigade fought in about 20 engagements, with 18 men killed and about 70 wounded from a complement of no more than about 300 men at any one time. When it disbanded, most of the men crossed into Mozambique, which was a colony of neutral Portugal. Colonel John YF Blake, a former US Army officer was the brigade's commander. When he was wounded, his second-in-command, Major John MacBride, took command.

Until the Siege of Ladysmith, the commandos were involved in guarding the artillery under Carolus Johannes Trichardt. The brigade also provided signal service at the Battle of Modderspruit.

At the Siege of Ladysmith, they serviced the famous Boer artillery piece, called Long Tom, and they fought at the Battle of Colenso. Having worked in the gold mines, they had a well-deserved reputation as demolition experts. They delayed the British advance on Pretoria by blowing up bridges. The brigade disbanded after the Battle of Bergendal.

The brigade received letters of thanks before they left South Africa from State Secretary Francis William Reitz, Commandant-General Louis Botha and General Ben Viljoen.

Second commando
The Second Irish Brigade was formed in January 1900 by former members of the Irish Transvaal Brigade. Former Le Journal correspondent Arthur Lynch was appointed as the unit's commander. The brigade consisted of 150 commandos from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. Including among others Irish, Australian, Greek, German, Boer and Italian members.

The brigade remained attached to General Lukas Meyer's command in Natal, retiring to Laing's Nek after the siege of Ladysmith. The brigade fought in the rear guard, during the retreat from Ladysmith to Glencoe. The brigade was later ordered to Vereeniging but was disbanded while it was in Johannesburg. After the dissolution of the brigade, Lynch together with a small group of Irishmen joined various commandos along the Vaal River.

title: Irish commandos


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South Africa women's national cricket team

The South Africa women's national cricket team, nicknamed the Proteas, represents South Africa in international women's cricket. One of eight teams competing in the ICC Women's Championship (the highest level of the sport), the team is organised by Cricket South Africa (CSA), a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC).

South Africa made its Test debut in 1960, against England, becoming the fourth team to play at that level (after Australia, England, and New Zealand). Because of the sporting boycott of South Africa and other factors, the team did not play any international fixtures between 1972 and 1997. South Africa returned to international competition in August 1997, in a One Day International (ODI) match against Ireland, and later in the year participated in the 1997 World Cup in India. The team has participated in every edition of the World Cup since then, and made the tournament semi-finals in 2000 and 2017. South Africa has likewise participated in every edition of the Women's World Twenty20, and made the semi-finals of the 2014 edition, played in Bangladesh.

Early history
The first report of women's cricket in South Africa is from 1888, when Harry Cadwallader, later the first secretary of South Africa Cricket Association, observed "a number of the fair sex indulging in practice... and they showed they are possessed of not inconsiderable talent...". The following year, students from the South African College played against 'a team of ladies', with the male students forced to bat, bowl and field left-handed, and bat using pick-handles. The women won the match by an innings. There are other references to similar conditions being placed on male competitors in matches against women at the time, a tradition carried over from England. Women's cricket was played in South Africa fairly regularly throughout the beginning of the 20th century, and in 1922, Winfred Kingswell set-up, and became the first president of, the Peninsula Girls' School Games Union. Ten years later, she helped found the Peninsula Ladies Cricket Club (PLCC), which with 30 members, played regular matches against men's sides on level terms. They played 33 matches in two seasons with limited success, winning nine of them. In 1934, the PLCC affiliated to the Women's Cricket Association in England, which governed international cricket at the time. The intention was to organise women's cricket in South Africa, and eventually send teams to play in England, Scotland and Australia. Little progress was reported, although regular women's cricket continued until the Second World War. It was revived in 1947 by a group of enthusiasts, and in 1951 Netta Rheinberg, on behalf of the Women's Cricket Association, suggested that a South Africa Women's Cricket Association be formed, and encouraged the possibility that a series of matches could be played between the two associations. The South African & Rhodesian Women's Cricket Association (SA&RWCA) was officially formed in 1952. At their annual general meeting in January 1955, the SA&RWCA accepted an invitation from the Women's Cricket Association to join an International Women's Cricket Council that, in addition to South Africa, included England, Australia and New Zealand. They also agreed that international matches would be played between the four nations. In 1959, arrangements were made for the first international women's cricket tour of South Africa, as they would play host to the English team in 1960.

First international women's tours of South Africa
The touring English side played nine tour matches in addition to the scheduled four Test matches, beginning with a one-day contest against a Western Province Combined XI. South Africa began their first women's Test match on 2 December 1960 at St George's Oval, Port Elizabeth — the same venue as used for the first men's Test match in the country in 1889 — and ended in a draw. After another draw in the second Test, England claimed victory in the third by eight wickets, and a draw in the final Test gave the touring side a 1–0 series victory. The series saw South Africa become the fourth women's Test playing nation, after England and Australia who contested the first ever women's Test match in 1934, and New Zealand who played their first women's Test in 1935.

Due to South African apartheid laws, which introduced legal racial segregation to the country in 1948, no non-white (defined under the legislation as either "black", "coloured" or "Indian") player was eligible to play Test cricket for South Africa. In fact, overseas teams wishing to tour South Africa were also limited by these rules. These laws led to Basil D'Oliveira, a 'Cape Coloured' South African emigrating to England, where he began to play Test cricket. He was subsequently named as a late replacement as part of the England team to tour South African in 1968–69, but South African Prime Minister John Vorster refused to allow D'Oliveira into the country as part of the touring side, declaring: "We are not prepared to receive a team thrust upon us by people whose interests are not in the game but to gain certain political objectives which they do not even attempt to hide. The MCC team is not the team of the MCC but of the anti-apartheid movement." A week later, the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) called off the tour. South Africa's cricket team toured Australia the following winter, but a tour of England in 1970, and of Australia in 1971–72 were both cancelled after anti-apartheid protests. Despite this growing sporting isolation, a New Zealand women's team toured South Africa in the 1971–72 season. Only three members of the 1960 South Africa team returned to compete against New Zealand: Jennifer Gove, Lorna Ward and Maureen Payne. New Zealand played six tour matches and three Test matches in a tour lasting just over a month spanning February and March 1972. New Zealand won the series 1–0, with both the first and the last Tests being drawn.

Exclusion from international cricket
Although the D'Oliveira affair had drawn international condemnation, cricket administrators in England and Australia were reluctant to sever their playing links with South Africa. Other international sports had already cut their ties with the country, exclusion from the 1964 and 1968 Olympics were followed by expulsion from the Olympic Movement in 1970. Later in the same year South African athletes were suspended from international competition by the International Amateur Athletics Federation. The invitation for the South African men's tour of England was initially maintained, but threats of physical disruption to matches from anti-apartheid militants saw the British government step-in to cancel the tour. In May 1970, the Cricket Council made the decision that there should be no further tours to and from South Africa until cricket within the country was played on a multi-racial basis, and the national team was selected purely on merit. In 1976, three different organisations; the South Africa Cricket Association (SACA), South African Board of Cricket Control (SACBOC) and the South African African Cricket Board (SAACB) agreed to establish one single board to govern South African cricket, and that all future cricket in the country would be played on an integrated basis regardless of race or colour. The new governing body; the South African Cricket Union formally took over the running of cricket in the republic in September 1977. However, a group within the SACBOC did not recognise this body, and set up a rival organisation, the South African Cricket Board, led by Hassan Howa, who claimed that there could be "no normal sport in an abnormal society". The International Cricket Conference (ICC) imposed a moratorium on tours in 1970. Despite the official boycott, cricket tours of South Africa did continue. Derrick Robins took teams in 1973, 1974 and 1975, while an 'International Wanderers' side also toured in 1976.

In 1977, heads of state of the Commonwealth of Nations met to discuss the situation with apartheid in South Africa and the consequences of maintaining sporting ties with the country. They unanimously adopted the Gleneagles Agreement, which discouraged sporting contact and competition with organisations, teams and individuals from South Africa. This agreement temporarily stopped cricketing tours of South Africa. However, in 1982 the first of the rebel tours began. Geoffrey Boycott and Graham Gooch lead an English XI in a month-long tour of three 'Test' matches and three 'One Day Internationals'. The reaction in England and South Africa was severely polarised. The English press and politicians alike were outraged; dubbing the touring part the 'Dirty Dozen'. In South Africa, it was heralded by the government and white press as the return of international cricket. The English rebels all received three-year bans from international cricket. Sri Lanka toured during the following South African summer, and were followed by a team from the West Indies, who justified their actions by claiming they were showing white South Africa that black men were their equals. However, they received life-bans from Caribbean cricket in 1983, and were ostracised in their own countries. An Australian XI, led by former Test captain Kim Hughes toured twice in 1985/86 and 1986/87, while a second English XI, this time led by Mike Gatting represented the final rebel tour in 1990. There were some women's rebel tours from England, although these attracted much less interest than those in the men's game. Kim Price, who captained South African women between 1997 and 2000 following their return to international cricket, made her first appearances in the mid-1980s against these rebel teams.

Return to international cricket

In June 1991, the South African Cricket Union and the South African Cricket Board merged to form the United Cricket Board of South Africa (UCB). The unification ended enforced racial separation, and only a month later, on 10 July 1991, South Africa was re-admitted as a full member of the ICC. South Africa's men played their first match since their enforced absence in November 1991, a One Day International against India. Just under six years later, and twenty five years after their home series against New Zealand, South Africa returned to international women's cricket with a tour of Ireland and England in 1997. In addition to marking their return, the three-match women's One Day International (ODI) series against Ireland also represented South Africa's first taste of ODI cricket, as the first women's ODI had been played in 1973, during their exclusion. Despite their inexperience in the format, and the lack of international experience of their players—none of the team from the 1971–72 series remained—South Africa whitewashed Ireland 3–0. South Africa fared less well as they progressed onto the English segment of their tour. After narrowly beating England Under-23s women in a 50-over warm-up match, they fell to a 79-run loss in the first ODI. They improved in the second ODI to beat the hosts by two wickets, but a seven wicket defeat in the third, followed by rain abandonments in the final two matches saw South Africa lose the series 2–1.

Later in that year, South Africa women competed in their first Women's Cricket World Cup. South Africa qualified from the group stage courtesy of their third-place finish—behind Australia and England—and met hosts India in the quarter-finals. Batting first, South Africa only managed to make 80, with Daleen Terblanche and Cindy Eksteen the sole South Africans to make a double figure score. India reached their target in 28 overs, and progressed to the semi-finals at South Africa's expense.

Series losses in Australia, New Zealand and England
After a 1998 season without any international cricket for South Africa women, they toured Australia and New Zealand in 1998–99. A three match ODI series against the world champions, Australia, resulted in a 2–0 defeat; the third match was abandoned without a ball being bowled. South Africa struggled to compete in either match, suffering a 92-run loss followed by a 100-run loss. The subsequent series in New Zealand brought further defeat; after losing both 50-over warm-up matches to New Zealand women's 'A' sides, South Africa were whitewashed in the ODI series, only managing scores of 82, 101 and 96 when batting.

South Africa were again on tour in 2000, returning once more to England, this time contesting a five-match ODI series. Two warm-up matches against England women 'A' resulted in a narrow victory followed by a tie, not an auspicious start. However, unlike their previous two ODI series, South Africa managed to win two matches, winning both the third and the fifth ODIs. Despite these victories England won the series 3–2, subjecting South Africa to their fourth straight series defeat.

Raising the profile of South African women's cricket
The 2000 Women's World Cup saw an improvement in form, as South Africa finished ahead of England in the group stage, courtesy of a five-wicket victory over them. Their finish saw them qualify for the semi-finals, where they were beaten by Australia, who had remained undefeated in the group stage of the competition. The achievement of South Africa's women raised publicity of the sport in their own country, where South African Women's Cricket Association president Colleen Roberts described the exposure of the women's game as "pathetic". Roberts explained that one of the main problems surrounding the promotion of the sport was the lack of teams touring South Africa, due to women's cricket in the country having no sponsor. South Africa did manage to attract a team to tour in 2001–02, with India travelling to the country to contest four ODIs and a Test match. After winning the ODI series 2–1, South Africa were defeated by 10 wickets in their first Test since their readmittance to international cricket.

South Africa then played three consecutive series against England women, touring the country in 2003, and then hosting series in both 2003–04 and 2004–05. The 2003 series saw the two nations compete in two Test matches in addition to three ODIs. After a series of tour matches against county and representative sides in which South Africa mustered only one win in four attempts, the first Test match was drawn. The ODI series was scheduled before the second Test, and South Africa won the second of the limited over contests, but suffered big defeats in both of the matches either side. The tour finished with another heavy loss in the second Test, England winning by an innings and 96 runs as South Africa only managed to score 130 and 229. In 2003–04, South Africa began the series with a final-ball victory in the first ODI, but lost all the remaining ODIs to lose the series 4–1. In 2004–05 the sides played two ODIs in the weeks leading up to the 2005 Women's Cricket World Cup which was being held in South Africa, two years after they had hosted the men's competition. South Africa lost both matches, and went on to have an unsuccessful tournament; in seven matches (of which one was abandoned and one had no result) South Africa only managed one victory; against West Indies. They finished the World Cup in seventh, and were eliminated. Following their elimination they hastily arranged a three-match ODI series against the West Indies, who had also been knocked out of the competition.

Late 2000s
Pakistan toured South Africa in 2007, a series that South Africa won 4–0, with no result. They then toured England and Netherlands. They won all their matches in the 2008 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier, beating Pakistan by 8 wickets in the final, and securing their place in the 2009 Women's Cricket World Cup.

Governing body
Before 1952, women's cricket in South Africa was for the most part ungoverned. In 1952, following advice from the Women's Cricket Association, the South Africa & Rhodesian Women's Cricket Association (SA&RWCA) was formed to administer and organise the running of women's cricket in the country. During the years of isolation in the 1970s and 1980s, women's cricket was strong in South Africa, but with a lack of international competition, the game and governing body became defunct. The game was rejuvenated by the United Cricket Board of South Africa in 1995, when they ran a successful Women's/Girls' Tournament, and the South Africa Women's Cricket Association was formed.

Tournament history

 * Women's World Cup
 * 1973 to 1993: Did not participate
 * 1997: Quarterfinals
 * 2000: Semifinals
 * 2005: 7th place
 * 2009: 7th place
 * 2013: 6th place
 * 2017: Semifinals
 * 2022: Semifinals (3rd place)

 * ICC Women's World Twenty20
 * 2009: Group stage
 * 2010: Group stage
 * 2012: Group stage
 * 2014: Semifinals
 * 2016: Group stage
 * 2018: Group stage
 * 2020: Semifinals
 * 2023: Runners-up

 * ICC Women's Championship
 * 2014–16: 5th place
 * 2017–20: 3rd place

 * Women's World Cup Qualifier
 * 2008: Won
 * 2011: 4th place
 * 2017: 2nd place

 * ICC Women's Cricket Challenge (ODI)
 * 2010: Won

 * ICC Women's Cricket Challenge (Twenty20)
 * 2010: 3rd place

ICC

 * Women's T20 World Cup:
 * Runners-up (1): 2023

Other

 * African Games
 * Silver medal (1): 2023

Current squad
This lists all the players who are centrally contracted with Cricket South Africa or was named in a recent squad. Updated on 1 July 2022.

Centrally contracted players are listed in bold.

Coaches

 * 1997: Conrad Hunte
 * 2000: Rodney Willemburg
 * 2004–2005: Stephen Jones
 * 2006–2010: Noor Rhode
 * 2010–2012: Yashin Ebrahim
 * 2012–present: Hilton Moreeng

Test cricket
Despite being the oldest, and originally only, form of cricket played by women internationally, South Africa have played just fourteen Test matches (half of them against England), with the most recent Test being played against Australia in 2024. Their only win came against the Netherlands in 2007. Twenty20 cricket has taken on a far more prominent and lucrative role, almost eliminating Test cricket from the women's game altogether.

Result summary

ODI cricket
Result summary

Twenty20 International cricket
Result summary

Best bowling figures in an innings
1 Included a hat-trick.


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Lullaby of Broadway

Lullaby of Broadway can refer to:

 * "Lullaby of Broadway" (song), a popular song with music by Harry Warren and lyrics by Al Dubin, published in 1935
 * Lullaby of Broadway (film), a 1951 movie with Doris Day, in which she sings the song
 * Lullaby of Broadway (album), a 1951 album by Doris Day, of songs from the movie

title: Lullaby of Broadway


text:
Delta Eridani

Delta Eridani, which is Latinized from δ Eridani, is a star in the equatorial constellation of Eridanus.

The star is visible to the naked eye and has been observed to vary slightly in brightness between magnitudes 3.51 and 3.56, although subsequent observations did not bear this out. It is relatively near to the Sun, with a distance of about 29.5 light years as determined from parallax. The star is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −6 km/s.

Delta Eridani is sometimes called Rana: Rana means "the frog" in Latin, but derivation of this name is uncertain. The name was approved by the International Astronomic Union on 4 April 2022.

Structure
The stellar classification of this star is K0 IV, matching a subgiant star that has exhausted its core hydrogen. This has caused the star to expand and become cooler than a comparable main sequence star. Stellar modelling indicates it is near the end of the subgiant stage and about to transition into a giant. It is an estimated six billion years old with 33% more mass than the Sun. The star has 2.3 times the girth of the Sun and is radiating three times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,986 K.

Delta Eridani is catalogued as a suspected RS Canum Venaticorum variable in 1983, but the activity level for the star is so low that this is considered doubtful. This class of variables occurs in close binary systems. A low projected rotational velocity of under 1 km/s and the lack of radial velocity variation suggests that this putative variable is being viewed from nearly pole-on. However, an examination of the star using interferometry does not detect the presence of a companion at the expected distance.

Chinese name
In Chinese, 天苑 (Tiān Yuàn), meaning Celestial Meadows, refers to an asterism consisting of δ Eridani, γ Eridani, π Eridani, ε Eridani, ζ Eridani, η Eridani, π Ceti, τ1 Eridani, τ2 Eridani, τ3 Eridani, τ4 Eridani, τ5 Eridani, τ6 Eridani, τ7 Eridani, τ8 Eridani and τ9 Eridani. Consequently, the Chinese name for δ Eridani itself is 天苑三 (Tiān Yuàn sān, the Third Star of Celestial Meadows.)

title: Delta Eridani


text:
2001 in archaeology

This page lists major events of 2001 in archaeology.

Excavations

 * March 8–May 28: Recovery of the major portions of the 1967 wreck of hydroplane Bluebird K7 and of the body of its driver Donald Campbell from Coniston Water in the Lake District of England.
 * Grinnell College project at Mayapan.
 * Excavations at Cival directed by Dr. Francisco Estrada-Belli.
 * French archaeologists begin excavating Ulug Depe, an ancient bronze-age agricultural town in Turkmenistan.
 * Israeli archaeologists and anthropologists begin excavating Misliya Cave.
 * Re-excavation of tomb KV32 in Egypt's Valley of the Kings concludes; it is identified as belonging to queen Tiaa.
 * Excavation at Wezmeh Cave in Iran under the leadership of Dr. Kamyar Abdi.
 * First archaeological investigation of the wreck of the Danish warship later identified as Gribshunden (sank 1495) in the Baltic Sea.

Explorations

 * Innes McCartney begins a survey of German U-boats scuttled off the island of Ireland in the British Operation Deadlight following World War II.

Publications

 * Victor Buchli and Gavin Lucas (ed.), Archaeologies of the Contemporary Past. Routledge, 194 pages, ISBN 0-415-23278-3
 * Barry Cunliffe, Facing the Ocean: the Atlantic and its Peoples, 8000 BC to AD 1500. Oxford University Press, hardcover, 600 pages, ISBN 0-19-924019-1
 * (first publication of Ardipithecus kadabba)
 * Thomas W. Neumann and Robert M. Sanford, Practicing Archaeology: a Training Manual for Cultural Resources Archaeology. Rowman and Littlefield Pub Inc, August, 2001, hardcover, 450 pages, ISBN 0-7591-0094-2
 * Thomas W. Neumann and Robert M. Sanford, Cultural Resources Archaeology: an Introduction. Rowman and Littlefield Pub Inc, December, 2001, trade paperback, 256 pages, ISBN 0-7591-0095-0
 * Mike Pearson and Michael Shanks, Theatre/Archaeology|Theatre/Archaeology: Disciplinary Dialogues. Routledge, 240 pages, ISBN 0-415-19458-X
 * Donald B. Redford (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press, hardcover, 3 vols, ISBN 0-19-510234-7

Finds

 * July 7: Pottery fragments from 12,000 years BP at Zengpiyan cave site in China.
 * July 20: Wreck of HMS Hood (51) (sunk 1941) found by David Mearns in the Denmark Strait.
 * November: Ringlemere Cup (Bronze Age) found by metal-detectorist Cliff Bradshaw near Dover, England.
 * First fossil fragments of the hominid 'Toumaï' (Sahelanthropus tchadensis; 7 million years BP) found by a team led by Michel Brunet in Chad.
 * The Fiskerton log boat found on the banks of the River Witham near Fiskerton, Lincolnshire, England.
 * Coin of the short-lived Roman usurper Laelianus in Greenwich Park, England.

Events

 * March: Buddhas of Bamyan dynamited by Taliban.

Deaths

 * January 3: K. C. Chang, Taiwanese archaeologist; Yale and Harvard professor, author The Archaeology of Ancient China (b. 1931)
 * January: Philip A. Barker, British archaeologist and castellologist (b. 1920)
 * February 6: Geoffrey Bibby, British archaeologist who discovered Dilmun. (b. 1917)
 * March 29: Helge Ingstad, Norwegian explorer; co-discoverer of Viking artifacts at L'Anse aux Meadows (b. 1899)
 * July 8: Jia Lanpo, Chinese prehistorian, buried at Peking Man Site in Zhoukoudian, China (b. 1908)
 * September 26: Peter J. Reynolds, British experimental archaeologist (b. 1939)

title: 2001 in archaeology


text:
India women's national cricket team

The India women's national cricket team, also known as Women in Blue, represents India in women's international cricket. It is governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), and is a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Women's Test, Women's One Day International (WODI), and Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) status.

The team has played 41 Test matches, winning 8, losing 6, 27 draw and 0 tie. They played their first international match on 31 October 1976 in a Test against the West Indies at the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bangalore.

The team has played 310 ODI matches, winning 168, losing 136, tying 2 and with 4 ending in a no-result. As of June 2024, India is ranked fourth in the ICC Women's ODI and T20I Team Rankings on 104 rating points. India has reached the Cricket World Cup final on two occasions, losing to Australia by 98 runs in 2005 and losing to England by 9 runs in 2017. They have won the ODI Asia Cup 4 times in 2004, 2005-06, 2006, 2008.

The team has played 187 T20I matches, winning 100, losing 80, tying 1 and with 6 ending in a no-result. As of June 2024, India is ranked third in the ICC Women's ODI and T20I Team Rankings on 263 rating points. India has reached the finals of the T20 World Cup once, losing to Australia by 85 runs in 2020. They have won the T20I Asia Cup 3 times in 2012, 2016, 2022. In addition, they have won a gold medal at the 2022 Asian Games, and a silver medal at the 2022 Commonwealth Games.

History

The British brought cricket to India in the early 1700s, with the first cricket match played in 1721. It was played and adopted by Kolis of Gujarat because they were sea pirates and outlaws who always looted the British ships, so the East India Company tried to manage the Kolis in cricket and been successful. The first Indian cricket club was established by the Parsi community in Bombay, in 1848; the club played their first match against the Europeans in 1877. In 1911, an Indian men's cricket team was formed and toured England, where they played English county teams. The India men's team made their Test debut against England in 1932. The first women's Test was played between England and Australia in 1934.

Women's cricket arrived in India much later; the Women's Cricket Association of India (WCAI) was formed in 1973. The Indian women's team played their first Test match in 1976, against the West Indies. India recorded its first-ever Test win in November 1978 against West Indies under Shantha Rangaswamy's captaincy at the Moin-ul-Haq Stadium in Patna.

The WCAI, the governing body for women's cricket, was affiliated to the International Women's Cricket Council. As part of the International Cricket Council's initiative to develop women's cricket, the Women's Cricket Association of India was merged with the Board of Control for Cricket in India in 2006/07.

In 2021, the BCCI announced that Ramesh Powar would become the Head Coach of the Indian Women's Cricket Team. In 2022, Indian Women script history by winning 1st series on England soil in 23 years.

Governing body
The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) is the governing body for the Indian cricket team and first-class cricket in India. The Board has been operating since 1928 and represents India at the International Cricket Council. It is amongst the richest sporting organisations in the world. It sold media rights for India's matches from 2006 to 2010 for US$612,000,000. It manages the Indian team's sponsorships, its future tours and team selection. The International Cricket Council (ICC) determines India's upcoming matches through its future tours program.

Selection Committee
On 26 September 2020, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced the appointment of All-India Women's Selection Committee. Neetu David, former left-arm spinner, heads the five-member selection committee.
 * Neetu David
 * Arati Vaidya
 * Renu Margrate
 * Venkatacher Kalpana
 * Mithu Mukherjee

Sponsorship
The current sponsor of the team is Dream11 from July 2023. The team was sponsored by Byju's from September 2019 to March 2023. OPPO's sponsorship was to run from 2017 until 2022, but was handed over to BYJU's on 5 September 2019. Previously, the Indian team was sponsored by Star India from 2014 to 2017, Sahara India Pariwar from 2002 to 2013.

Nike had been a long time kit supplier to team India having acquired the contract in 2005, with two extensions for a period of five years each time; in 2011 and 2016 respectively. Nike ended its contract in September 2020 and MPL Sports Apparel & Accessories, a subsidiary of online gaming platform Mobile Premier League replaced Nike as the kit manufacturer in October 2020.

On 30 August 2019, following the conclusion of the Expression of Interest process for Official partners’ Rights, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced that Sporta Technologies Pvt. Ltd. (Dream11), LafargeHolcim (ACC Cement and Ambuja Cement) and Hyundai Motor India Ltd. have acquired the Official partners' Rights for the BCCI International and Domestic matches during 2019–23.

Paytm acquired the title sponsorship for all matches played by the team within India in 2015 and extended the same in 2019 until 2023. Star India and Airtel have been title sponsors previously.

Forthcoming fixtures
The recent results and forthcoming fixtures of India in international cricket:

Current squad
This lists all the active players who are centrally contracted with BCCI or was named in the recent ODI or T20I squads. Uncapped players are listed in italics. Updated on 13 July 2023

 * Key

Players' salaries are as follows:
 * Grade A – inr 5000000 per annum
 * Grade B – inr 3000000 per annum
 * Grade C – inr 1000000 per annum

Players also receive a match fee of inr 1500000 per Test match, inr 600000 per ODI, and inr 300000 per T20I. The BCCI adopted a pay equity policy in match fees for men's and women's teams on 27 October 2022.
 * Match fees

Coaching staff

 * Head Coach & batting coach – Amol Muzumdar
 * Fielding coach: Munish Bali
 * Bowling Coach: Aavishkar Salvi
 * Nets Trainers – Tanveer Shukla, Sourav Tyagi, Utkarsh Singh, Akhil S Prasad
 * Physiotherapist – Mitra Amin
 * Fitness Trainer – Radha Krishnaswamy
 * Analyst – Devraj Raut

ICC

 * Women's World Cup:
 * Runners-up: 2005, 2017
 * Women's T20 World Cup:
 * Runners-up: 2020

ACC

 * Women's Asia Cup:
 * Champions: 2004, 2005–06, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2022
 * Runners-up: 2018

Other

 * Commonwealth Games
 * Silver medal: 2022
 * Asian Games
 * Gold medal: 2022

Test cricket
Test record versus other nations

Most Test runs for India

Most Test wickets for India

 * Highest team total: 603/6d v South Africa, 29 June 2024 at M. A. Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai
 * Highest individual score: 214, Mithali Raj v England, 14 August 2002 at County Ground, Taunton, England
 * Best innings bowling: 8/53, Neetu David v England, 24 November 1995 at Jamshedpur, India
 * Best match bowling: 10/78, Jhulan Goswami v England, 29 August 2006 at County Ground, Taunton, England

One Day Internationals
Most ODI runs for India

Most ODI wickets for India

Players in bold text are still active with India.

 * Highest team total: 358/3 v Ireland, 15 May 2017 at Senwes Park, South Africa
 * Highest individual score: 188, Deepti Sharma v Ireland, 15 May 2017 at Senwes Park, South Africa
 * Best innings bowling: 6/10, Mamatha Maben v Sri Lanka, 25 April 2004 at Asgiriya Stadium, Sri Lanka

Twenty20 Internationals
Most WT20I runs for India

Most WT20I wickets for India

title: India women's national cricket team


text:
WGLS-FM

WGLS-FM (89.7 MHz), known as Rowan Radio, is a college radio station licensed to Rowan University. The studios are located in the College of Communication on the campus of Rowan University in Glassboro, New Jersey. WGLS-FM is Gloucester County's only FM radio station.

WGLS's programming features a variety of music, sports, cultural, educational programs focused towards the interest of the Rowan University and South Jersey communities.

The call letters for WGLS hearken back to the former name of the institution: W GLassboro State College.

The station has won numerous local and national awards, including being named "College Station of the Year" by the National Association of College Broadcasters in 1997.

History
Glassboro State College was granted a construction permit by the FCC to build a low watt FM radio station on the campus on May 17, 1963 and a broadcast license was issued the following year on April 9, 1964. 89.7 WGLS-FM went on the air with funding provided by the college's Library Department. The library's Educational Media Director William McCavitt served as the first faculty supervisor of the 10-watt mono radio station until 1966. He left Glassboro State and went on to establish two more college stations, WIUP-FM for Indiana University of Pennsylvania and WCUC-FM at Clarion University located in Clarion, Pennsylvania.

Other faculty members continued to advise the students of WGLS, including 1967 supervisor George Reinfeld, who would eventually help establish the college's Department of Communication. Joe Salviuolo was the station's advisor in 1968, but ultimately left academia to become a songwriter, producer and manager. Under the stage name "Sal Joseph", he collaborated with popular folk artist Jim Croce on the hit, "Thursday". Dr. Gregory Potter, from the GSC Library Department, took over management of WGLS in 1969, and successfully led the effort to update the college's radio studio in the campus’ Bole Hall building, as well as correcting various engineering and transmission issues.

By 1970, the school's Library Department relinquished control of WGLS to the Department of Fine and Performing Arts. Dean Armand Vorce and advisor Bob Blake kept WGLS broadcasting until 1973, when it was decided that the radio station's broadcast license would be released back to the FCC due to management and operational concerns. Student Station Manager Jim Servino successfully petitioned Glassboro State's then president Dr. Mark Chamberlain to keep the license, and to allow the students to manage WGLS on their own.

Servino and students enlisted the help of Communications professor Mike Donovan to help consult the radio station. WGLS then lobbied for an estimated $70,000 in funding from the school's Student Government Association for technical upgrades. The station moved across campus to Savitz Library, a new 50-foot tower was erected, and the transmitter power increased from 10 watts to 440 watts. By 1977, WGLS moved to larger studio space within Savitz Library and began to broadcast in stereo.

Following the tenure of station advisors Mike Donovan (1973 to 1988) and Phylis Johnson (1988 to 1990), the college decided that a dedicated full-time Station Manager was needed in order for WGLS-FM to grow. Former WFIL-AM broadcaster Frank Hogan assumed the newly created role in 1991. At the time, Hogan was serving Glassboro State College as a ¾ time radio professor, having previously worked as the engineering consultant on the station's 1977 stereo and studio upgrades.

With the 1992 name change of Glassboro State College to Rowan University due to a $100 million donation from industrialist Henry Rowan, WGLS-FM re-branded itself as "Rowan Radio". The station's antenna moved to the Glassboro city water tower in 1993, and the increased height boosted the station's power to an effective radiated power of 640 watts. In 1995, Rowan Radio 89.7 WGLS-FM evolved from a student radio club into a permanently incorporated aspect of the newly created College of Communication and Creative Arts. WGLS-FM moved again into its fourth studio home on campus inside the then recently expanded Bozorth Hall building January 1996.

Rowan Radio began streaming over the internet in 2000. In January 2001, the station's transmitter was relocated 9 miles off campus to a 500-foot tower in South Harrison Twp., NJ, again increasing its signal strength to an ERP of 750 watts. Sports broadcaster and college instructor Derek Jones and former commercial radio producer Leo Kirschner succeeded Frank Hogan upon his retirement in 2012.

Programming
Rowan Radio 89.7 WGLS-FM since its inception in 1964 has maintained a "variety" format in its programming choices, which reflect FCC guidelines regarding the need for licensed radio stations to operate in the public interest and serve their communities. The mixed variety format also allows WGLS’ student broadcasters to experience all kinds of radio programming as part of their studies.

WGLS-FM's broadcast schedule employs the theories of "horizontal programming" and "dayparting". Implemented by station manager Frank Hogan in 1991, Rowan Radio's programming schedule consists of daily music and talk shows airing at the same time weekdays with specialized niche programming on the weekends. Regular programming is sometimes pre-empted for the station's seasonal coverage of Rowan University Division III athletic games.

Rowan Radio's current weekday programming schedule includes:

 * 7a-9a The Early Bird Special Morning Show
 * 9a-5p The Music That Matters (Classic Hits Format)
 * 5p-6p Public Affairs & News/Sports Talk
 * 6p-8p Pop Flavor (CHR, Top 40 Format)
 * 8p-12a Rowan Radio Rock (Modern, Alternative, Classic Rock Format)
 * 12a-7a Overnight Flight (Progressive Rock Format)

Weekend Programming consists of more niche programming selections highlighting music from genres such as Broadway, Classical, Oldies, and Metal. Weekend shows include "The 80s Arcade", "The Icon Rock Show", "Satin Nights", "Saturday Night At The Oldies", "Sunday Sounds Of Music", "The Sunday Matinee" and more.

Public Affairs programming is produced by university students, instructors and civic leaders discussing a variety of local and national topics. Shows and podcasts include:

 * "A Community Affair"
 * "The African American Profile"
 * "The American Dream"
 * "Your Health Matters"
 * "Studio 89.7"
 * "The ARC Report" (produced in association with The ARC of Gloucester County, NJ)
 * "Everything Special Needs"
 * "Career Talk"
 * "Writers Roundtable"
 * "The Rowan Sport Review"
 * "The Rowan Report"
 * "Offsides"
 * "Third and Long"

Awards
Since its incorporation with Rowan University's College of Communication in 1995, 89.7 WGLS-FM has won over 300 broadcasting awards in local and national contests. WGLS won "College Station of the Year" in 1997 from the National Association of College Broadcasters.

The college station has won numerous accolades for its various programming including honors from the Gracie Awards, The Broadcast Education Association, The Communicator Awards, College Broadcasters, Inc., The Philadelphia Press Association and The New Jersey Broadcasters Association.

title: WGLS-FM


text:
Talk:John H. Sununu

IQ

 * "John H. Sununu is widely viewed as one of the most intelligent politicians in the U.S. He had the absolutely highest score in the intelligence "Mega Test"."

Im sure the author is just trying to say that this guy is considered to be a smart and together sort of chap, but this phrasing makes it all sound like it was a bit tacked on. The "Mega Test" bit almost sounds like a bit of a joke, I'm afraid. Perhaps this bit would best be removed: if the senior Sununu is an intelligent man who was respected as such by his peers, then that's enough say I think. Dxco 17:28, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Removed
The "Mega Test" line is one that should have some references. Online, there was only a smattering of pages referring to the "Mega Test" and Sununu. It looks like this is as close as the "Mega Test" line gets, and I think a little more than this is needed. JFHJr (JFHJr) 08:36, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I remember when Omni magazine ran a High IQ test and Sununu submitted his answers - all correct - and thanked them for the fun challenge. Omni reported his IQ was in the top .5%, or something like that, yet much higher than the 2% for Mensa. I forget if they called it Mega Test. 173.71.213.33 (talk) 15:40, 14 July 2022 (UTC)

 * Found a reference from a somewhat snobby article from the Washington Post (of course) https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1991/04/28/what-sununu-knew-as-he-flew/d9b9659a-e8c6-4281-8281-7ac532510e93/
 * The originator of the Omni test was created by a founder of the Mega Society. Hence the Mega Test reference. 173.71.213.33 (talk) 15:44, 14 July 2022 (UTC)

Define "Harsh"
The author defines Sununu's style as "harsh" and calls him an "enforcer". Some examples or elaboration would help to support this designation, thus maintaining a neutral point of view. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.189.145.106 (talk) 09:17, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

UN Resolution
Just saying "it's true" is not a valid citation. You need to provide support for this claim, or it needs to stay out. F. Thomas 03:15, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I really wouldn't know how you could find it on Google (and I'm not sure that your ability to find it on Google is a valid test of anything), but I remember it from media coverage at the time -- from the early 80's on his original decision, and again from the late 80's on reaction to his administration appointment ("Jewish groups decide they have no problem with Sununu appointment" type coverage). AnonMoos 05:43, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

 * By the way, your Googling skills must really suck, because I put in zionism racism sununu as a Google search, and got back http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,956398-2,00.html as the second result. AnonMoos 18:13, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

Lebanese or Palestinian
I don't know which is right, but someone should find a reputable source, rather than having a slow-motion edit war between unsupported assertions... AnonMoos (talk) 01:35, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Check this: He is Palestinian
 * "I was definitely the only person in my class with a Palestinian-American father, who was born in Havana and grew up in New York City"
 * http://www.americantaskforce.org/remarks_senator_john_sununu_atfp_inaugural_gala — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.232.30.140 (talk) 14:27, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

 * His father belonged to the Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem. This does not mean he is Greek, he is a Palestinian Christian the majority of which follow Eastern orthodox churches!!  -- Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.232.30.140 (talk) 22:52, 13 August 2012 (UTC)

 * He is Palestinian . 71.232.30.140 (talk) 23:06, 13 August 2012 (UTC)

Someone changed it back to "Lebanese" sometime in the past year and a half... AnonMoos (talk) 15:27, 28 August 2016 (UTC)

Dismissal
lol: "At the recommendation of George W. Bush, he resigned..."

Do we have to be so comically euphemistic here? He was fired. Bush 41 only sent his son to talk to him because Sununu was such a tough customer and Bush thought W. would deal better with him. --SchutteGod 70.181.184.7 (talk) 23:12, 17 October 2012 (UTC)

Role supporting Romney campaign in 2012
If we could find a suitable source, something could be said about his apparent role as self-appointed attack dog / "bad cop". His ranting polemic when talking to On the Media's Brooke Gladstone, defending the somewhat ridiculous "Obama gutted work requirements for welfare" talking point, is something to listen to... AnonMoos (talk) 13:05, 1 December 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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"First Hispanic governor of New Hampshire"
Does he see himself as Hispanic at all? His ancestors came through Latin America on the way from the Mideast to the U.S... AnonMoos (talk) 14:57, 4 June 2017 (UTC)

Cuban-American
Calling Sununu "Cuban-American" seems wrong to me; calling his sons Cuban-American seems ludicrous. By his own account, he was born in Havana, in 1939, while his parents were on a business trip. http://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/21/us/behind-the-sununu-surname.html

His father was a lifelong U. S. resident and citizen, born in Boston. His mother was born in El Salvador, moved to the United States after meeting her future husband, and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. Sununu's father was of Lebanese and Palestinian descent; his mother was of Greek descent. In other words, John H. Sununu is a natural-born U.S. citizen through his parents, he has lived virtually his entire life in the United States, and he had no familial, cultural, or ethnic ties to Cuba. To me, calling him Cuban-American seems absurd.--Perez-Pena (talk) 19:20, 26 July 2017 (UTC)

 * That's kind of what I was wondering in my June comment above... AnonMoos (talk) 22:58, 1 August 2017 (UTC)

Hispanic/Latino?
Others have raised related issues above, but I am raising this one again: Is John H. Sununu Hispanic/Latino? This page does not identify him that way, and neither does the Wikipedia page of his son Chris Sununu. However, his son John E. Sununu is identified as Hispanic on his Wikipedia page. John E. Sununu is also included at List of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress, while John H. Sununu and Chris Sununu are absent from the category of Hispanic and Latino American state governors of the United States (see ). All three Sununus are included in the List of Hispanic and Latino Republicans. I am confuzzled. Does anyone have any light to shed? SunCrow (talk) 23:36, 27 February 2020 (UTC)

 * Gov. John H. Sununu is Arab American on both his father's and his mother's side of the family, with his father being of Palestinian descent and his mother of Lebanese descent. However, Sununu is also Latino on his mother's side.  His mother, Victoria Dada, was born and raised in El Salvador to a Greek Orthodox Christian family originally from Lebanon that settled in El Salvador.  El Salvador, like many other countries in Latin America, has a fairly large Arab community, and the fact that Arab Salvadorans are of Arab (and not Spanish) ancestry does not make them any less Salvadoran (and thus Latino).  By the way, reliable sources assert that John H. Sununu is fluent in Spanish, although that is not necessarily because he learned it from his Spanish-speaking mother.
 * Of course, John H. Sununu happened to have been born in Cuba, which tends to confuse people who assume when they see him listed as Latino that he must be Cuban American. But Sununu was born in Havana while his parents were there temporarily on business, and they went back to their home in the U.S. when he was still a baby.  So John H. Sununu's specific Latino ancestry is Salvadoran, not Cuban.
 * Sununu's sons--former U.S. Senator John E. Sununu and current NH Gov. Chris Sununu--are listed as Latino in several Wikipedia articles because their paternal grandmother was Salvadoran. I assume that they will be the last generation of Sununus listed as Latino, since their children only have a single Salvadoran great-grandmother, which is more remote ancestry than generally is the case for persons deemed to be Latino. AuH2ORepublican (talk) 04:35, 28 February 2020 (UTC)

 * AuH2ORepublican, thank you. Do you have any info/sources on how they self-identify? SunCrow (talk) 03:32, 11 March 2020 (UTC)

 * No, I don't. But the way I see it, it wouldn't make any difference either way.  When Elizabeth Warren identified as a Native American it did not make her one, and when Ted Williams hid the fact that his mother was Mexican it did not change his ancestry.  AuH2ORepublican (talk) 04:37, 11 March 2020 (UTC)

 * But, for what it's worth, John E. Sununu was a founding member of the Congressional Hispanic Conference in 2003 and was a member of that Republican-affiliated group for persons of Hispanic, Latino or Portuguese ancestry until he left the Senate in January 2009. Given that former Senator Sununu does not have Spanish or Portuguese ancestry, he must consider himself Latino if he joined the group as a full member.  AuH2ORepublican (talk) 21:00, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Regardless of how anyone "sees it", policies and guidelines are pretty clear: e.g. WP:BLP (WP:BLPCAT), WP:CATEGRS, WP:COPDEF and WP:COPHERITAGE: Heritage categories should not be used to record people based on deduction, inference, residence, surname, nor any partial derivation from one or more ancestors. The heritage of grandparents is never defining and rarely notable. In addition to the requirement of verifiability, living people must have self-identified as a particular heritage. We need high quality sources that verify an ethnicity, as well as self-identification. Attempts to deduce identity based on actions, ancestry, or creative readings of unrelated sources risks violating WP:SYNTH and WP:OR. --Animalparty! (talk) 20:45, 30 November 2021 (UTC)

Climate Change Becomes A Political Issue
This is Jonn Sununu's legacy, and needs to be clear.

In his report Losing Earth: The Decade We Almost Stopped Climate Change, Nathaniel Rich wrote that in November 1989 Sununu prevented the signing of a 67-nation commitment to freeze carbon dioxide emissions, with a reduction of 20 percent by 2005, and singled him out as a force starting coordinated efforts to bewilder the public on the topic of global warming and changing it from an urgent, nonpartisan and unimpeachable issue to a political one.[10] -- Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.221.56.7 (talk) 01:30, 24 June 2019 (UTC)

 * Why does this sentence appear twice in the article? כרסומת (talk) 14:58, 22 January 2021 (UTC)

 * and singled him out as a force starting coordinated efforts to bewilder the public on the topic of global warming and changing it from an urgent, nonpartisan and unimpeachable issue to a political one - this is crap, biased and unsupportable.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.71.213.33 (talk) 15:47, 14 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:John H. Sununu


text:
Some Enchanted Evening (Blue Öyster Cult album)

Some Enchanted Evening is the second live album by the American rock band Blue Öyster Cult, released on September 13, 1978. It is Blue Öyster Cult's best-selling album, having sold two million copies, including over a million in the United States. The album's seven tracks were recorded at various locations in the United States and England.

The album was re-issued on CD in early 2007 on Legacy Recordings and included seven previously unreleased bonus tracks recorded in various locations around the US, along with a DVD entitled Some OTHER Enchanted Evening, which featured a previously unreleased performance videotaped at the Capital Centre in Largo, Maryland on July 14, 1978.

Some OTHER Enchanted Evening (DVD)

 * Filmed on July 14, 1978 at the Capital Centre, Largo, Maryland

Personnel
Blue Öyster Cult
 * Eric Bloom – lead vocals on tracks 1-5, 7-9, 11, 13-14, stun guitar, keyboards
 * Donald "Buck Dharma" Roeser – lead guitar, lead vocals on tracks 6
 * Allen Lanier – keyboards, guitar, mixing
 * Joe Bouchard – bass, lead vocals on track 10
 * Albert Bouchard – drums, guitar, backing vocals

Production
 * Sandy Pearlman – producer, mixing
 * Murray Krugman – producer
 * Corky Stasiak – engineer, mixing
 * Jay Krugman – engineer
 * George Geranios – live sound, DVD live mix
 * Bruce Dickinson – re-issue producer
 * Vic Anesini – remastering


text:
File:Adventures of Yogi Bear box art.jpg

Summary
Found at juegomania.org


text:
1997 in archaeology

The year 1997 in archaeology involved some significant events.

Excavations

 * The exhumation of Yagan's head.
 * Major salvage excavation of Neolithic-era Ashkelon begun by Yosef Garfinkel of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (continues to 1998).
 * Excavation at Jericho by Lorenzo Nigro and Nicolò Marchetti.
 * Excavation of cargo of Vietnamese porcelain in the South China Sea off Hội An (Vietnam), directed by Mensun Bound, begins.

Publications

 * Barry Cunliffe – The Ancient Celts (Oxford University Press)
 * Sarah Milledge Nelson (ed.) – The Archaeology of Northeast China: Beyond the Great Wall (London: Routledge).
 * Sarah Milledge Nelson – Gender in Archaeology: Analyzing Power and Prestige (Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press).
 * Bernard Sergent – Genèse de l'Inde (Paris: Payot).
 * R. E. Witt – Isis in the Ancient World (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press).

Finds

 * 14th january: finding of the probable rests of the Aristotle's Lyceum in Athens by some greek archaeologists.
 * March: Pioneer Helmet found in a warrior grave at Wollaston, Northamptonshire, England.
 * April: Roman coin hoard found at Patching, West Sussex, England.
 * Herto Man, remains of a 160,000- to 154,000-year-old human, discovered in Ethiopia.
 * Recovery of Homo skeletal remains at least 350,000 years old from the Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones) at the archaeological site of Atapuerca in northern Spain begins.
 * Megalosaurus and Cetiosaurus footprints are identified at Ardley, Oxfordshire, by Christopher Jackson.
 * Scauri shipwreck of c.400–450 is found off Pantelleria.
 * Fragment of a fifth Incantada sculpture in Thessaloniki, northern Greece.
 * Terpsichore statuette in Dodona, Greece.

Events

 * July 10: In London, scientists report their DNA analysis findings from a Neandertal skeleton which support the out of Africa theory of human evolution placing an "African Eve" at 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.
 * July 19: Emergency designation of the 18th century wreck of the Hanover off the coast of Cornwall under the Protection of Wrecks Act 1973.
 * September: Portable Antiquities Scheme begins in England as a pilot voluntary scheme for the recording of small finds of base metal or non-metallic archaeological artefacts found by metal detectorists or other members of the public.
 * Bryn Euryn, an archaeological site near Colwyn Bay, is identified as the probable base of Cynlas Goch, a 6th-century Welsh king.
 * Experimental archaeology: Construction of Guédelon Castle in France using 13th century techniques begins.

Deaths

 * May 17 - James Bennett Griffin, American archaeologist (b. 1905).
 * June 30 - Su Bingqi, Chinese archaeologist (b. 1909)
 * November 13 - Elisabeth Munksgaard, Danish historian and archaeologist (b. 1924).
 * November 6 - Anne Stine Ingstad, Norwegian archaeologist (b. 1918).
 * October 4 - Anne Strachan Robertson, Scottish archaeologist and numismatist (b. 1910)

title: 1997 in archaeology


text:
User:Csobankai Aladar

hu:User:Csobankai Aladar

title: User:Csobankai Aladar


text:
MHDYS

MHDYS (vocalized by historians as Mehadeyis) was a ruler of the Kingdom of Aksum (flourished 4th century AD). He is primarily known through the coins that were minted during his reign, although a contemporary poet, Nonnus of Panopolis, may have alluded to him in his epic Dionysiaca.

His name is usually vocalized by historians as Mehadeyis, although it has recently been argued by Manfred Kropp that it could vocalized as Maḥdəy-os, producing a Greek equivalent of Μωδαῖος.

Coinage
MHDYS was one of two rulers who used Ge'ez as the language of the legend on his gold coins.

Four types of coins were minted during his reign, in gold, silver, and copper; the latter was often gilded. One of the gold types and both of the other metals have the same pattern: the obverse shows the king in profile with a crown, the reverse a cross with a stalk of barley on either side. These bear the same inscriptions. The obverse shows the inscription nags mw' MHDYS ("The victorious king MHDYS"); the reverse bzmsql tmw ("By this cross victorious"). The latter inscription is understood to be a loose translation of the famous motto of Emperor Constantine the Great, In hoc signo vinces ("By this sign you will conquer").

Until recently, MHDYS's reign was dated to the mid-4th century. However, Munro-Hay published a gold coin issued by this ruler that was found in Yemen "in every way a new type." While it bore an inscription similar to previously known coins, its reverse portrayed winged Victory in a flowing robe, holding a cross on a long staff. Munro-Hay notes that the robe is "extremely similar" to that on coins issued by the Roman emperor Theodosius II at Constantinople between 420 and 423; this solidus design was revived by Emperors ruling later in the 5th century, namely Marcian, Leo I, Zeno, and Anastasius I Dicorus. This similarity of design, Munro-Hay argues, permits the date of MHDYS to "be attempted with rather more likelihood of accuracy; sometime after 420, and perhaps reigning in the 450s." However, Amelia Dowler believes this is an imitation of an Aksumite coin produced in India in the 6th century.

Further, the authenticity of the known silver coins of MHDYS has been questioned. A chemical-physical analysis described in an article published in 2003 claimed to have found the composition of some silver coins did not conform to the silver composition of other known genuine coins. Wolfgang Hahn has concluded these were the work of "a jeweler's firm which was very active in Asmara in the 1950s/60s".

Mentioned by Nonnus
Nonnus' epic poem about the god Dionysus, the Dionysiaca, twice mentions one "Modaios". The first mention is at 32.165:

"(Ares) took the form of the champion Modaios, more than all others unsated with battle, whose joy was joyless carnage, whom bloodshed pleased better than banquets."

Another is at 40.235f:

"(Dionysus) assigned a governor for Indians, choosing the god-fearing Modaios."

The expert consensus has been that this Modaios refers to a character in an earlier poem Bassaria by one Dionysus which is only known from fragments of papyrus. However, Manfred Kropp proposed this was an allusion to the king of Aksum, MHDYS. This identification would provide a deeper meaning to his borrowing of Constantine's famous phrase, In hoc signo vinces: MHDYS had a reputation for prowess in battle, possibly against his pagan neighbors.

Further, if Kropp's identification is correct this would also set an upper limit to MHDYS' reign of c. 480, the earliest date one of the poets influenced by Nonnus published his first work. This upper limit agrees with the date of the recently published coin.

title: MHDYS


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Category:New Zealand women's Twenty20 International captains

As of July 2005 only one woman has captained the New Zealand women's cricket team in a Twenty20 International. This is a complete list.


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Kaafu Atoll

Kaafu Atoll is the code name given to an administrative division in the Republic of Maldives which consists of the geographical atolls of Kaashidhoo Island, Gaafaru, North Malé Atoll and South Malé Atoll. As the two Malé Atolls are the main islands of the administrative district, the entire Kaafu Atoll administrative division is officially named Malé Atoll or Malé Atolhu in the Dhivehi language.

The capital of the administrative division is Thulusdhoo.

Although Malé, the capital of the Maldives, and the adjacent islands of Vilingili, Hulhule and Hulhumalé, are geographically part of the North Malé Atoll, they do not form part of the Kaafu Atoll administrative division and are a separate administrative division.

Kaafu or Malé Atoll
Kaafu is a code letter of the Thaana alphabet used in the Dhivehi language assigned to one of the administrative divisions of the Maldives which is officially and traditionally known by the name Malé Atoll. The Thaana alphabet code names are not the names of the natural or geographical atolls of the Maldives which make up these divisions. These administrative divisions may consist of part of, a single or several natural atolls.

Malé Atoll is the name of two natural atolls which form part of the administrative division of Kaafu Atoll. The two Malé Atolls are North Malé Atoll and South Malé Atoll which are separated by the Vaadhoo Kandu. Malé and Thulusdhoo are both located in North Malé Atoll.

Geography
The Malé or Kaafu Atoll administrative division consists of the geographic or natural atolls of North Malé Atoll, South Malé Atoll, Gaafaru Atoll and Kaashidhoo Island. The atolls consists of Inhabited Islands and Uninhabited Island, a definition which includes resort islands, airport islands and industrial islands.

Although Malé, Hulhulé, Hulhumalé and Vilimalé are geographically part of North Malé Atoll, they are not part of the Kaafu Atoll administrative division and are part of the separate Malé City administrative division.

Resort islands
Resort islands are classified as Uninhabited Islands which have been converted to become resorts.

The following are the resort islands, with the official name of the resort.

title: Kaafu Atoll


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Talk:Rick Levin

Untitled
Levin is not the longest serving president in the ivy league (if his term began in 1993 as indicated by the article). Franklin HT Rhodes of Cornell University, for one, served 18 years from 1977 to 1995. I believe it should be "the longest serving ivy-league president still in office" Ll 19:19, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

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Rename/move to "Richard C. Levin"
I suggest this article be renamed "Richard C. Levin" in accordance with how he is listed in the historical listing of all Yale presidents. I'm baffled as to why this person's nickname is being used rather than his formal name. Another Richard, Richard Nixon, is not listed as "Dick Nixon". My guess is that the article may have been written by one of Levin's friends, to whom it seemed natural to call his buddy Rick. But a Google search for yale "richard c. levin" -rick reveals a long list of official Yale university releases that refer to him as Richard C. Levin, then specifying his professorship and other positions. Does anyone object to changing the article's title to "Richard C. Levin" and then mentioning (Rick) in the first line?

title: Talk:Rick Levin


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1961 in archaeology

The year 1961 in archaeology involved some significant events.

Explorations

 * The site of Ai-Khanoum is located.

Excavations

 * April 24 - Swedish warship Vasa, sunk on her maiden voyage in 1628, is recovered from Stockholm harbor.
 * November - Start of one-year excavation of Malik by Iranian archaeologists.
 * First excavations at Anshan in Iran by Fereidoon Tavallali.
 * Helge Ingstad and Anne Stine Ingstad begin excavation of Viking artifacts at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland, first archaeologically confirmed evidence of Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact.
 * INAH project dredges artifacts from the Sacred Cenote at Chichen Itza.
 * Start of excavations at Çatalhöyük by James Mellaart.
 * First underwater archaeology at Alexandria carried out by Kamal Abu el-Saadat.
 * Re-excavation of the causewayed enclosure at Knap Hill in Wiltshire, England, by Graham Connah.
 * The first season of excavations at Degannwy Castle in Wales; the excavation is led by Leslie Alcock and concludes in 1966.
 * The first season of excavations at an Anglo-Saxon cemetery in Worthy Park in Hampshire; the excavation is led by Sonia Chadwick Hawkes and concludes in 1962.

Publications

 * M. J. Aitken - Physics and Archaeology.
 * Glyn Daniel - The Idea of Prehistory.
 * Alan Gardiner - Egypt of the Pharaohs.
 * George E. Mylonas - Eleusis and the Eleusinian Mysteries

Finds

 * Mortuary Temple of Thutmose III, Deir el-Bahari, Egypt.
 * Wreck of ship off Ceylon carrying silver rupees minted by Aurangzeb.

Events

 * January 5 - Italian sculptor Alfredo Fioravanti signs a confession in the United States consulate in Rome stating that he was part of the team that forged the Etruscan terracotta warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Chemical tests performed in 1960 had already proven that the statues were forgeries.
 * October 6–8 - 'The Iron Age in Northern Britain' conference held in Edinburgh, organised by the Council for British Archaeology

Births

 * Ken Dark, English Roman archaeologist

Deaths

 * September 3 - Fay-Cooper Cole, American anthropologist (born 1881)

title: 1961 in archaeology


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File:WGLS.JPG

Licensing
- Logo of WGLS Rowan Radio. The image's link is: http://wgls.rowan.edu/

title: File:WGLS.JPG


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WIAD

WIAD (94.7 FM, "94.7 The Drive") is a commercial radio station licensed to Bethesda, Maryland, and serving the Washington metropolitan area. The station is owned by Audacy, Inc., through licensee Audacy License, LLC, and broadcasts a classic hits radio format, branded as "94.7 The Drive". The studios and offices are on Half Street SE near the Navy Yard in Southeast Washington.

WIAD has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 20,500 watts. The transmitter is off River Road in Bethesda. WIAD broadcasts using HD Radio technology, using its HD2 digital subchannel to carry "Channel Q", Audacy's talk and CHR/Dance service for the LGBTQ community.

History
On July 6, 1948, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted Broadcast Management, Inc., a construction permit for a new FM station on 103.1 MHz with WBCG-FM as its call sign. On October 18, 1950, the FCC reassigned the station to 106.3 MHz, modifying the construction permit. The FCC granted the station its first license on June 29, 1951.

On September 28, 1951, the station's call sign was changed to WUST-FM. The station's license was voluntarily transferred to WUST, Inc., on September 10, 1958, with an effective date of October 17, 1958.

On January 28, 1959, the FCC granted WUST, Inc., a construction permit to change the station's frequency to 94.7 MHz. The permit allowed the station to increase its effective radiated power (ERP) to 20,000 watts while decreasing the height above average terrain (HAAT) to 245 feet. The station's call sign was changed on April 5, 1960, to WJMD. The FCC granted a new license with the updated facilities on October 1, 1960. The station's license was modified by the FCC on November 30, 1960, to reflect a change in the owner's name to Atlantic Broadcasting Company.

The station aired a beautiful music format. The WJMD call sign was formed from the initials of the previous owners, the Diener brothers (Walter, Jack, Mickey, and Dan).

The FCC granted Atlantic Broadcasting Company a construction permit on November 25, 1968, allowing an increase in ERP to 50,000 watts and an increase in HAAT to 301 feet (later modified to 309 feet). On January 4, 1970, the FCC granted a voluntary reassignment of the station's license to San Juan Racing Association, Inc. The FCC granted the new owners a new license for the station with the upgraded facilities on August 13, 1970, followed by another voluntary reassignment of the license to SJR Communications, Inc., effective December 31, 1970.

During the 1970s, SJR Communications changed the station's ERP and HAAT several times. On August 16, 1973, SJR Communications filed a construction permit with the FCC to decrease the station's ERP to 24,000 watts while increasing the station's HAAT to 670 feet. The permit was modified on May 24, 1974, to 17,000 watts ERP and 776 feet HAAT. The FCC then granted a new license with these facilities on June 18, 1975. SJR Communications was granted another construction permit on November 18, 1976, to increase the station's ERP to 21,000 watts and its HAAT to 780 feet. The FCC then granted a new license following these changes on March 15, 1978.

WJMD evolved into a soft adult contemporary music format with a change of call sign to WLTT in March 1982. Under this format, the station was branded as "W-Lite". The format would last for the next 11 years.

WLTT dropped the soft adult contemporary music format on November 19, 1993, in favor of a classic rock music format branded as "The Arrow". A change of call sign followed to WARW to complement the change in branding to "The Arrow". WARW was also billed on-air as "We Always Rock Washington".

94.7 The Globe/Classic Rock 94.7
On February 2, 2007, an adult album alternative (also known as "triple A") music format was adopted with the branding "The Globe". The new "Globe" format also featured "green" segments between songs or before and after commercials with environmental information. These segments were called "The Green Scene". The station's call sign changed to WTGB on February 15. The airstaff remained the same as WARW's, but some spots were flipped. Weasel moved from nights to mornings, displacing the Stevens & Medley morning team. Mark Stevens, who was part of Stevens & Medley, moved to nights and was eventually replaced by Albie Dee, who would later move to mornings, replacing Weasel, in November 2008, two months after WTGB flipped back to their prior classic rock format. Jerry Hoyt would then take over evenings. The February 2007 shift to AAA left rival classic hits station WBIG-FM as the capital's only analog station broadcasting some form of classic rock. The Globe's HD2 subchannel, then known as "The Jam", began broadcasting a mixture of classic rock.

The call sign appeared similar to Georgetown University's radio station, WGTB. Long time Washington radio listeners remember that station from the 1970s as a champion of the alternative rock of its time. WTGB's former DJs, Don "Cerphe" Colwell and Jonathan "Weasel" Gilbert (he left the station in October 2008), have each been involved with Washington radio for nearly 40 years, including stints for both at WHFS. When the station flipped formats, Cerphe left the air in April 2009.

On August 10, 2008, WTGB dropped the triple A format and began returning to a classic rock format. Three weeks after the change, music director and midday personality Schelby Sweeney quit the station, and was replaced by Marci Wiser, formerly of New York City sister station WXRK. The "Globe" name (but not the "World Class Rock" slogan) stayed, and WTGB-HD2 flipped to a AAA format. The format change was likely because of low ratings; the station stayed in the bottom seven for its entire life as a AAA outlet. On September 1, 2008, WTGB began using the branding 'Classic Rock 94.7 The Globe' on air. On February 14, 2009, however, the station's name would change to simply 'Classic Rock 94.7', like it was for some time while the station was still WARW. A new logo and website followed on March 9, 2009.

94.7 Fresh FM
CBS Radio announced on March 30, 2009, that 94.7 FM would be switching to an adult contemporary format at noon on April 6, 2009, as "94.7 Fresh FM". It was said to have the same branding as sister stations WWFS in New York and WCFS-FM in Chicago. CBS aimed to have the new station compete with Clear Channel's Adult Contemporary WASH-FM, as well as Citadel's Hot Adult Contemporary WRQX (which has since been sold to Cumulus Media and shifted to Top 40, but would shift back to Hot AC in November 2015, and became a member station of K-Love in May 2019). The rivalry with WASH-FM was hinted at in various promotion spots using the tagline "None of that WASHed up old stuff, just Fresh new music." The last song on Classic Rock 94.7 was "Last Goodbye" by Jeff Buckley, and the first song on "Fresh" was "Get the Party Started" by P!nk.

On December 16, 2009, WTGB became WIAD, becoming the only Fresh FM station not using "FS" in its call sign. KEZK-FM in St. Louis, Missouri, followed suit the following year.

In September 2010, Zapoleon Media Strategies consultant Steve Davis was hired as Program Director. Davis eliminated the voice tracking of talent from outside the market and brought in a staff of live talent that included Tommy McFly from competitor WRQX. The original live lineup included Davis in mornings, market veteran Kristie McIntyre in midday and McFly in afternoons. This lineup remained in place for six months until McFly moved to mornings to create "The Tommy Show" with noted DC blogger Kelly Collis and former WMAL morning producer Jen Richer. Darik Kristofer from WSTR in Atlanta was brought in to replace McFly in afternoons and Taylor Shay came on board from WIHT to do nights, and was switched to the weekday midday shift (she has since left the station).

Musically, the station evolved into Hot AC and was, at one time, considered one of the best in the country in the format. Ratings significantly improved with "Fresh" having the highest ratings in the frequency's history. WIAD quickly became consistently within the Top 5 in the station's target demos.

On February 2, 2017, CBS Radio announced it would merge with Entercom. The merger was approved on November 9, 2017, and the merger was consummated on November 17.

94.7 The Drive
On October 2, 2018, Entercom released the station's entire airstaff except for afternoon drive host Darik Kristofer. The following day, Entercom announced via a webinar that the station would flip to classic hits as "94.7 The Drive, DC's Greatest Hits". The change took place at 5 p.m. that day. The format focuses on rock, pop, and R&B hits from the 1980s, while also extending into the 1970s and 1990s. The last song on Fresh FM was "Bitter Sweet Symphony" by The Verve, and the first song on "The Drive" was "Let's Go Crazy" by Prince. In a press release, Entercom said that the Washington metropolitan area was the only major market without a classic hits radio station, and Entercom wanted to capitalize on that opportunity.

HD Radio
On June 10, 2009, the station switched the format on its HD2 subchannel from adult album alternative to progressive rock, branded as "HFS2". WHFS was a rock station that broadcast from November 11, 1961, to January 12, 2005, on various frequencies in the Washington area.

On August 1, 2011, "HFS2" was dropped from WIAD-HD2 and moved to WWMX-HD2. However, the next day, "HFS2" was switched back to WIAD-HD2. "HFS2" was dropped again on December 30, 2011, and replaced with a simulcast of WNEW-FM. After WNEW-FM changed formats in December 2015, WIAD-HD2 flipped to a classic hits format as "Classic 94.7". In June 2019, WIAD-HD2 flipped to "Channel Q", an LGBTQ-oriented talk/dance music format based in Los Angeles.

title: WIAD


text: User talk:64.132.60.2

title: User talk:64.132.60.2


text:
Flight Unlimited III

Flight Unlimited III is a 1999 flight simulator video game developed by Looking Glass Studios and published by Electronic Arts. It allows players to pilot simulations of real-world commercial and civilian aircraft in and around Seattle, Washington. Players can fly freely or engage in "Challenge" missions, such as thwarting a theft or locating Bigfoot. The development team built on the general aviation gameplay of Flight Unlimited II, with more detailed physics and terrain, more planes, and a real-time weather system. Roughly half of Flight Unlimited II's team returned to work on the sequel, supported by new hires.

Lead designer Peter James described Flight Unlimited III's development as a struggle, thanks to a lack of interest from Electronic Arts and from Looking Glass's management. Placed in direct competition with Microsoft Flight Simulator 2000 and Fly!, the game failed to capture sufficient market share. It became one of Looking Glass's biggest commercial flops, with roughly 20,000 units sold in the United States during 1999. This contributed to the company's closure in 2000. The game was well received by critics, who praised its terrain rendering and dynamic weather. Its simulated physics were lauded by several reviewers, but others felt that the physics were imprecise and that the game's system requirements were extremely high.

Gameplay
Flight Unlimited III is a three-dimensional (3D) flight simulator video game, in which the player pilots virtual reproductions of real-world planes. Players may control ten aircraft: the Lake Turbo Renegade, Stemme S10, Mooney Bravo, Fokker Dr.I, Beechjet 400A, and five planes first included in Flight Unlimited II. Plane cockpits feature simulated flight instruments such as variometers and primary flight displays, and allow for both visual and instrument navigation. The main airspace is 10,000 square miles of Seattle terrain; eight other Western American states are modeled as well, albeit in less detail. The California scenery from Flight Unlimited II may be imported to expand the airspace. The player shares the game's skies with artificially intelligent (AI) planes. Real-time, interactive air traffic control monitors the player's actions and tries to prevent mid-air collisions. Before a flight, the player may select which types of weather to encounter. Weather conditions such as cold fronts and thunderstorms develop in real-time.

In addition to the default "Quick Flight" mode, the player may play tutorial and "Challenge" missions. The game's tutorial mode features 26 lessons, which demonstrate basic and advanced flying techniques and then allow the player to perform them. Challenge missions test the player's flying ability with objectives such as locating Bigfoot, rescuing a stranded hiker, stopping a theft, or flying through hoops. Eleven Challenges are available, but the player may create more or download them from the Internet. Flight Unlimited III includes the level editor ("FLED") used to develop the game, which allows players to use the game's assets to create airports, AI flight paths, and edited landscapes. Players may share their creations online.

Development
Following the release of Flight Unlimited II in 1997, certain members of that game's team wanted to move on to Flight Unlimited III, while others wanted to create the combat flight simulation game Flight Combat. Looking Glass Studios chose to develop the games simultaneously: the team was split into two, both supplemented with new hires. The company then surveyed customers to determine where Flight Unlimited III should take place, among other things. In May 1998, Electronic Arts was announced as the game's publisher, as part of a multi-title marketing and distribution deal that also included System Shock 2. Looking Glass's goal was to build on the foundation of Flight Unlimited II and to provide what project leader Tom Sperry called "the true joy and sensation of flight in the most realistic environment available". The company first displayed Flight Unlimited III at the MicroWINGS Conference in August 1998. At the show, the game was revealed to take place in and around Seattle—a choice based on fan requests and on the varied landscape and weather of Puget Sound. Looking Glass also discussed new planes, moving objects on the ground, and a real-time, physics-based weather system.

Former flight instructor Peter James, who had worked on Flight Unlimited II, assumed the role of lead designer. He was largely responsible for Flight Unlimited III's lessons, planes, and simulated flight instruments. James believed that other flight simulators had holes with regard to realism, and he hoped to create a more accurate experience. Photographs were captured of each plane's real-world counterpart, and construction of the 3D plane models was led by artist Duncan Hsu, a former car modeler at Papyrus Design Group. The flight physics were coded by Kevin Wasserman and involve real-time calculations of force vectors, such as those acting against a plane's yaw, pitch, and roll. This system was more advanced than that of Flight Unlimited II, which was also based on force calculations. The physics code was informed by "real aircraft data" and the personal experience of pilots, and each of the planes was flown as research for the game. Because the plane cockpits of previous Flight Unlimited games had been criticized by pilots, the team tried to make Flight Unlimited III's cockpits extremely authentic. Kemal Amarasingham recorded the planes' sound effects, which he said involved "risking his life" by standing near jet engines and underwings. The game's terrain texture maps were made with satellite images rendered at four square meters per pixel, the highest resolution used in a flight simulator at that time. Artist Karen Wolff designed the terrain by combining large topographic maps into a "mosaic", which recreated the elevations and depressions of the Seattle area. The satellite imagery was layered over the resultant polygonal mesh. Real elevation data was also used for the eight lower-resolution Western American states outside of the Seattle area. Budget concerns and the storage limitations of the CD-ROM format prevented the team from rendering the entire United States, despite fan demand. The 3D objects that move across the terrain were created by Yoosun Cho, who used numerous photography books for inspiration. Flight Unlimited III's object editor let her set these objects to "move once along the path, back and forth or cycle". The weather system, co-designed by James, generates, moves, and disperses weather fronts based on real-time calculations of atmospheric conditions such as humidity and orographic lift.

Management and final months
While visiting Looking Glass to cover Flight Unlimited III's development, journalist Dan Linton was impressed by the team management of Tom Sperry, producer Sandra Smith, and vice president of marketing Michael Malizola. He wrote that they employed "suggestion and encouragement" instead of "demands", and he believed that their work was in large part responsible for the game "setting a new standard in the industry". Peter James later accused the wider company's management of being lukewarm toward Flight Unlimited III during development, since their biggest sellers were action-oriented games like Thief: The Dark Project. He claimed that their lack of interest turned the optimistic team into a "grumbling group of depressed and sometimes angry [people]". Although he, Smith, and Perry petitioned the company's managers to plan future add-ons and third-party development for the game, James felt that they were ignored. James developed concepts for a sequel in his spare time, but his ideas were shelved to wait for Flight Unlimited III's sales figures, which had to surpass those of Microsoft Flight Simulator 2000 for Flight Unlimited IV to be greenlit. James believed that this was "foolish", particularly because he felt that Electronic Arts undermarketed the game. He wrote that Flight Unlimited III's marketing manager had "great plans" but that his "hands seem[ed] tied".

Flight Unlimited III's official site was opened in March 1999, and the game was shown alongside Flight Combat: Thunder Over Europe at the Electronic Entertainment Expo in May. Tal Blevins of IGN wrote that the game had "come a long way" since he had seen it earlier in the year, and that it was almost complete, with development of the real-time weather system in its final stages. Full Throttle noted the game's "impressive clouds" and "slick looking" HUD. Flight Unlimited III was shown again at EAA AirVenture Oshkosh in July, at which point beta testing was nearly complete and the game was "90% done", according to James. He stated that the public reaction was "great", which energized the team for a short time. The game went gold that August, nine months behind schedule. James wrote that the team celebrated with a small dinner party, and that "the next few days were spent finding out how many people [were] quitting." He left after the game's completion to join Flightsim.com, a news and review website dedicated to flight simulators. The game was released on September 17, 1999.

Reception
Flight Unlimited III was placed in direct competition with flight simulators such as Fly! and Microsoft Flight Simulator 2000. The game failed to capture sufficient market share and became one of Looking Glass's biggest commercial flops. It sold roughly 20,000 copies in the United States during 1999. The game later earned a "Silver" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 100,000 copies in the United Kingdom. Together with the costly development of Flight Combat, the game's low sales used up Looking Glass's earnings from Thief: The Dark Project and System Shock 2, which had helped them recover from the failures of British Open Championship Golf and Terra Nova: Strike Force Centauri. These events contributed to the company's bankruptcy and closure in May 2000. The game was, however, positively received by critics, with an aggregate review score of 88% on GameRankings.

Josh Nolan of Computer Gaming World wrote, "FU3 is experience-oriented: it's user-friendly, graphically glamorous, and lots of fun." While he praised its visuals and air traffic control, he considered the game to be simpler than Flight Simulator 2000 because of its less detailed lessons, interfaces, and flight physics. The magazine later nominated Flight Unlimited III as the 1999 "Simulation of the Year". Writing for Computer Games Magazine, Denny Atkin stated that the use of turbulence "really sets FU3 apart from the competition", and that the game's simulation of air traffic is "like no other sim". He praised its graphics and dynamic weather, and he found the flight physics solid in general but "overly gentle" for aerobatic maneuvers. He concluded, "It's not only an excellent simulus of general aviation flying, ... it's even a good game." PC Gamer UK's Dean Evans wrote that the game has "a poetic grandeur", as well as an "astonishing attention to detail" greater than that of its predecessors. He praised its flight lessons and weather, and he considered the graphics to be "unbelievably delicious". Evans summarized the game as "the most breathtaking flying experience you can get for a PC."

Simon Bradley of PC Zone wrote, "FUIII has atmosphere in a way that MS Combat Flight Sim can't even dream of." He praised its graphics, flight physics, and detailed flight environment. He also complained of "unflyably slow frame rates" and warned that the game could not be played on older computers. Tony Lopez of GameSpot called the game's environmental modeling "simply breathtaking" and noted that elevations were rendered more smoothly than in Fly! or Microsoft Flight Simulator. He wrote that the game's flight physics and weather simulation were superior to those of any other flight simulator and that the "powerful, easy-to-use" FLED editing tool could popularize the game. IGN writer Marc Saltzman commented that the game features "absolutely stunning terrain at all altitudes, realistic weather and lighting effects, and highly-detailed planes". Saltzman praised the accuracy of Flight Unlimited III's physics but remarked that the game's frame rate was "noticeably slower" than that of its rivals.

title: Flight Unlimited III


text:
Siu A Chau

Siu A Chau is an uninhabited island of Hong Kong, part of the Soko Islands group, located south of Lantau Island.

Geography
Siu A Chau is the northernmost and the second largest of the Soko Islands, after Tai A Chau. It is dumbbell-shaped and has a rugged indented coastline with steep slopes. The highest point of the island is at 74 meters. A beach lies to the south, and another to the north of the island.

Administration
Siu A Chau is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy.

History
In 1937, Walter Schofield, then a Cadet Officer in the Hong Kong Civil Service, wrote that Siu A Chau was "another settlement of early man" and that it had a "fishing village of huts very different from ordinary Chinese dwellings" at the time of writing.

Features
There is a temple on the south side of the island.

A low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) facility began operation at Siu A Chau in July 2005. Low-level radioactive wastes which had previously been stored in disused tunnels, two factories and five hospitals were subsequently transferred to the Siu A Chau facility. Part of this waste was relocated from the disused Mount Parish air-raid tunnels at Queen's Road East, in Wan Chai. The 55 m3 of LLRW stored there had raised objections. The opening ceremony of the facility was held in June 2006.

title: Siu A Chau