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Blood Fever

Blood Fever is the second novel in the Young Bond series depicting Ian Fleming's superspy James Bond as a teenager in the 1930s. The novel, written by Charlie Higson, was released in the United Kingdom on 5 January 2006 by Puffin Books.

Plot summary
Blood Fever begins with a prologue during which a young girl named Amy Goodenough is aboard her father's yacht in the middle of the Mediterranean sea when it is boarded by a band of pirates under the command of Zoltan the Magyar. Zoltan's men ransack the vessel and murder Amy's father, who was unwilling to part with his priceless possessions. When Amy fails to get revenge by throwing a knife at Zoltan and hitting him in the shoulder, she is taken prisoner but swears she will one day succeed in achieving vengeance.

Following the events of SilverFin, James Bond is back at Eton where he is now a member of a secret risk-taking club known as the Danger Society. As summer holidays approach, James is given the opportunity to go to Sardinia on a field trip with one of his professors, Peter Haight and a colleague, Cooper-ffrench. While in Sardinia Bond plans to visit his cousin Victor Delacroix (a relation of Monique Delacroix, James deceased mother).

Prior to leaving, Bond learns of the tragedy that took place on the Goodenoughs' yacht from Amy's brother Mark, who attends Eton and is a friend of Bond's. Bond also witnesses a mysterious group whose followers are marked on both of their hands with an "M" (double M), which James eventually learns is the mark of the Millenaria, a defunct secret Italian society that has had plans throughout history to restore the Roman Empire.

Once arriving in Sardinia, James and his classmates begin a tour of the country to learn its history, during which Bond is poisoned (though the reader is not aware of it at the time) and almost killed. Bond departs from his classmates to spend time with Victor, Victor's artist friend Poliponi, and his teenage servant Mauro. Victor also hosts Count Ugo Carnifex, who is later identified as the leader of the reorganized Millenaria. Carnifex achieves the funding for such a task, as well as for his palace located high in the mountains of Sardinia, and his lavish lifestyle, by hiring pirates such as Zoltan the Magyar to plunder valuable items; however, Carnifex is a fraud who cannot actually afford to compensate his "employees". Additionally, when Zoltan arrives at Carnifex's palace, Carnifex declares ownership over Amy Goodenough, much to the great annoyance of Zoltan, whom during his travels to Sardinia had formed a unique and strange bond with Amy.

Later Bond is once again reunited with his classmates who are now in a town near Carnifex's palace. One night, Bond sneaks into the palace and finds Amy's cell, but is unable to rescue her and instead informs Haight. However, Haight reveals himself to be a loyal servant of Carnifex and that he had earlier attempted to poison James for asking too many questions about the Millenaria. Carnifex subsequently tortures James by tying him up in a swamp and allowing him to be bitten by mosquitoes, reasoning that one of them will be a carrier of malaria. Bond is rescued by Mauro's sister, Vendetta, who helps him rescue Amy.

Losing patience, Zoltan turns against Carnifex by flooding his palace. Carnifex is killed when the waters sweep his sea plane into him. After the destruction of the palace, Bond and Amy return to Victor Delacroix's villa, but are ambushed by Haight. Bond and Amy are saved by Zoltan, who gives his life for their protection in the process. Amy and Bond arrive at Victor's villa, where Carnifex's sister Jana is waiting for them. Bond tricks her by jumping into the sea, while Victor distracts her. Jana slips and falls into a bed of sea urchins, where she finally dies from the pain and poison. As Bond and Amy wade to the surface, Amy suddenly steps on a sea urchin. Bond knows exactly how to remove it.

Awards and nominations

 * Blood Fever won a Blue Peter Book Award in 2006.

title: Blood Fever


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British Rail Class 118

The British Rail Class 118 diesel multiple units were built by the Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company (BRCW) and introduced from 1960. It was a licence-built version of the British Rail Class 116.

History
BR Derby was inundated with orders for the Class 116, so the work was put out to tender. All Class 118s were built in Birmingham by Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company.

Originally allocated to the Western Region, the 118 was extensively used in Devon and Cornwall. They were stabled at Laira depot. The 118s survived in service in the region until 1994 when they were replaced by Class 156s.

In its final days, vehicles were allocated to Tyseley depot in Birmingham, and were all withdrawn by the end of 1994. Like most first generation DMUs they were originally BR Green, then plain blue, and finally blue and grey, with a few receiving Network SouthEast livery. One set was painted in all over yellow with advertisements for British Telecom.

A normal formation was three vehicles- a Driving Motor Brake Second (DMBS) which had two BUT engines (Later fitted with Leyland), a driving compartment (cab), 65 second class seats, guards accommodation and luggage/parcels space, a Trailer Composite Lavatory (TCL) which had no engines or driving compartment, but had 22 first class seats, 48 second class seats and a lavatory, and a Driving Motor Second (DMS), which like the DMBS had two engines and a driver's cab, and contained 89 second class seats. Having the 'blue square' multiple working system allowed them to run in formations containing up to 12 cars with most of BR's other DMUs.

Two vehicles were converted to sandite use.

Preservation
Only one Class 118 vehicle, DMS Number 51321, has been preserved and is at the Battlefield Line. This vehicle has been paired with class 116 DMBS 51131, also based on the railway.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: British Rail Class 118


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Talk:Air Raid Precautions

Untitled
This article is largely about stuff that wasn't done. There should also be stuff on what was done, like blackouts, the ARP wardens, siren systems. I've got a stub on ARP wardens, so we might decide how to split things between them. DJ Clayworth 17:37, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Hi DJ, Well write it then,if you have all the details on it. However, I do feel ARP and ARP wardens belong into the same article, they should not be split, as they really refer to the same subject. ARP wardens were detailed to execute and see that all the instructions were indeed executed. Their duties were tightly interwoven with the precautions, so a separate article would be of little help. A subsequent reviewer or editor would almost certainly (and quite rightly) merge both contents. Dieter Simon 00:18, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

This page contains no discussion of ARP activity in Australia, apart from a photo of an ARP warden in Brisbane. VK2AFL (talk) 09:23, 2 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Please note that this is now a dedicated article for the UK and as such the response of other countries will need their own articles. Londonclanger (talk) 13:39, 25 May 2016 (UTC)

Rewrite
I've started n a complete rewrite of this article. It's far too short and needs more balance regarding the running and operation and results. Also, random pictures don't really help. Londonclanger (talk) 11:16, 15 May 2016 (UTC)

 * I've moved the page to be specific to ARP in the UK. Canada, US and Australia will need their own articles. Londonclanger (talk) 11:11, 22 May 2016 (UTC)

Title doesn't sound right
The current title "Air Raid Precautions in the United Kingdom" doesn't sound like it's about an organization, it sounds more like it's about the precautions themselves. I think something like Air Raid Precautions (British organisation) would be less confusing. Siuenti (talk) 16:28, 1 June 2016 (UTC)

Overlap with Civil Defence Service article
As I see it, this article is about the whole scope of air raid precautions in the UK, from the first subcommittees in the 1920s right through to the Cold War, whereas Civil Defence Service is about the ARP/CD during WW2 (both before and after the name change to Civil Defence Service). There's currently a lot of overlap between the two articles and I think some of the wartime stuff could probably be cut out of this one since it's already covered in the CD article. Marksp9517 (talk) 14:48, 25 November 2018 (UTC)

British Pet Massacre
Were pets allowed in Air Raid Shelters in London or elsewhere?

title: Talk:Air Raid Precautions


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Softly, Softly

Softly, Softly may refer to:

 * Softly, Softly (TV series), a 1966–1969 British police drama series
 * Softly, Softly: Taskforce, a 1969–1976 revamped version of the series
 * "Softly, Softly" (song), a 1955 popular song
 * Softly-softly or potto, a West African primate
 * Softly, Softly (film), a 1984 Italian film

title: Softly, Softly


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Two-vector

A two-vector or bivector is a tensor of type $$\scriptstyle\binom{2}{0}$$ and it is the dual of a two-form, meaning that it is a linear functional which maps two-forms to the real numbers (or more generally, to scalars).

The tensor product of a pair of vectors is a two-vector. Then, any two-form can be expressed as a linear combination of tensor products of pairs of vectors, especially a linear combination of tensor products of pairs of basis vectors. If f is a two-vector, then
 * $$ \mathbf{f} = f^{\alpha \beta} \, \vec e_\alpha \otimes \vec e_\beta $$

where the f α β are the components of the two-vector. Notice that both indices of the components are contravariant. This is always the case for two-vectors, by definition. A bivector may operate on a one-form, yielding a vector:
 * $$ f^{\alpha \beta} u_{\beta} = v^{\alpha}$$,

although a problem might be which of the upper indices of the bivector to contract with. (This problem does not arise with mixed tensors because only one of such tensor's indices is upper.) However, if the bivector is symmetric then the choice of index to contract with is indifferent.

An example of a bivector is the stress–energy tensor. Another one is the orthogonal complement of the metric tensor.

Matrix notation
If one assumes that vectors may only be represented as column matrices and covectors as row matrices; then, since a square matrix operating on a column vector must yield a column vector, it follows that square matrices can only represent mixed tensors. However, there is nothing in the abstract algebraic definition of a matrix that says that such assumptions must be made. Then dropping that assumption matrices can be used to represent bivectors as well as two-forms. Example:

$$\begin{pmatrix}f^{00} && f^{01} && f^{02} && f^{03} \\ f^{10} && f^{11} && f^{12} && f^{13} \\ f^{20} && f^{21} && f^{22} && f^{23} \\ f^{30} && f^{31} && f^{32} && f^{33} \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix}u_0 \\ u_1 \\ u_2 \\ u_3\end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix}f^{00} u_0 + f^{01} u_1 + f^{02} u_2 + f^{03} u_3\\ f^{10} u_0 + f^{11} u_1 + f^{12} u_2 + f^{13} u_3\\ f^{20} u_0 + f^{21} u_1 + f^{22} u_2 + f^{23} u_3\\ f^{30} u_0 + f^{31} u_1 + f^{32} u_2 + f^{33} u_3\end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix}v^0 \\ v^1 \\ v^2 \\ v^3\end{pmatrix} \iff f^{\alpha \beta} u_\beta = v^\alpha$$

$$\begin{pmatrix}u_0 && u_1 && u_2 && u_3\end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix}f^{00} && f^{01} && f^{02} && f^{03} \\ f^{10} && f^{11} && f^{12} && f^{13} \\ f^{20} && f^{21} && f^{22} && f^{23} \\ f^{30} && f^{31} && f^{32} && f^{33} \end{pmatrix}$$

$$ = \begin{pmatrix}u_0 f^{00} + u_1 f^{10} + u_2 f^{20} + u_3 f^{30} && u_0 f^{01} + u_1 f^{11} + u_2 f^{21} + u_3 f^{31} && u_0 f^{02} + u_1 f^{12} + u_2 f^{22} + u_3 f^{32} && u_0 f^{03} + u_1 f^{13} + u_2 f^{23} + u_3 f^{33}\end{pmatrix}$$

$$ = \begin{pmatrix} w^0 && w^1 && w^2 && w^3\end{pmatrix} \iff u_\alpha f^{\alpha \beta} = f^{\alpha \beta} u_\alpha = w^\beta$$ or $$f^{\beta \alpha} u_\beta = w^\alpha$$.

If f is symmetric, i.e., $$f^{\alpha \beta} = f^{\beta \alpha}$$, then $$v^\alpha = w^\alpha$$.

title: Two-vector


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Robert Alexander

Robert Alexander may refer to:

Politics

 * Robert Alexander (Maryland politician) (1740–1805), loyalist Continental congressman from Maryland
 * Robert Alexander (North Carolina politician), 18th-century North Carolina politician
 * Robert Alexander (Newfoundland politician) (1827–1884), merchant and politician in Newfoundland
 * Robert Alexander, 16th Baron Cobham (1885–1951), Baron Cobham, British peer
 * Robert Alexander, Baron Alexander of Weedon (1936–2005), British barrister and Conservative politician
 * Robert Keith Alexander (1930–2014), Alberta MLA, 1982–1985
 * Robert Alexander (Irish politician) (1752–1827), Anglo-Irish politician

Sports

 * Robert Alexander (American football) (1958–2022), American football running back
 * Robert Alexander (Irish sportsman) (1910–1943), Irish rugby union and cricket player
 * Robert A. Alexander (1819–1867), American horse breeder
 * Robert Alexander (New Zealand cricketer) (1911–1988)

Other

 * Robert Alexander (United States Army officer) (1863–1941), American major general in World War I
 * Robert Alexander (barrister) (1795–1843), British philanthropist
 * Robert P. Alexander (1904–1985), collector and expert on Japanese classic postage stamps
 * Robert Alexander (photographer) (1943–1989), American photographer
 * Robert J. Alexander (1918–2010), scholar at Rutgers University
 * Robert McNeill Alexander (1934–2016), British zoologist, and professor at University of Leeds
 * Robert William Alexander (1905–1979), Irish writer
 * Robert Alexander (artist) (1840–1923), Scottish artist
 * Robert Wayne Alexander (1941–2023), American biologist

title: Robert Alexander


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User talk:Davecoss

This is not a personal homepage. I already have one. I simply wish to be added to the encyclopedia. What would be the difference if someone else were to enter the information?
 * No difference. I quote from What Wikipedia is not: "Biography articles should only be for people with some sort of notoriety or achievement." The article does not indicate any notoriety, and a BA is not an achievement warranting a Wikipedia entry. DrTorstenHenning 17:45, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

I have moved your personal page to User:Davecoss, the proper place for it. Please do not move it back to main namespace, no matter what clever rationalization you might have for it. jni 17:49, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

"'Biography articles should only be for people with some sort of notoriety or achievement.'" Seems Subjective.Dave Coss 18:24, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

User:Davecoss
I've added the "" template to your user page (User:Davecoss), suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy).

Please note that the purpose of a user page is not as personal homepage or used as a general webhosting service, but as way for active editors of Wikipedia to introduce themselves to other editors. If you disagree with the notice, discuss the issues here or on my user talk page. You may remove the deletion notice, and the page will not be deleted for the moment, but note that it may still be sent to Miscellany for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached, or if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria. Calton | Talk 04:54, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Davecoss


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Satoshi Kojima

Satoshi Kojima (小島 聡) is a Japanese professional wrestler. He is currently signed to New Japan Pro-Wrestling, but he makes appearances for Pro Wrestling Noah, All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) and Major League Wrestling (MLW), where he is the current MLW World Heavyweight Champion in his second reign and one-half of the current MLW World Tag Team Champions in his first reign (with Shigeo Okumura). Considered to be one of the greatest Japanese professional wrestlers of the 21st century and of all-time, he was the first wrestler to hold NJPW's IWGP Heavyweight Championship and AJPW's Triple Crown Championship simultaneously, the fourth to win the three major heavyweight championships in Japan with the Triple Crown Heavyweight, IWGP Heavyweight, and Noah's GHC Heavyweight Championship, and one of three wrestlers to hold the IWGP Heavyweight Championship, Triple Crown Championship, and NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship (the other two being Keiji Mutoh and Shinya Hashimoto), and is an overall eight-time world champion in major professional wrestling promotions.

As a team, he and Hiroyoshi Tenzan are six-time IWGP Tag Team Champions and became the first team to win G1 Tag League and World's Strongest Tag Determination League in the same year. He and Tenzan are also former NWA World Tag Team Champions. Between the NWA, AJPW, NJPW, and Noah, Kojima has held 20 total championships.

Early life
Like many Japanese wrestlers, Kojima has a background in judo, but he chose not to continue the sport when he went to college. He got his start loading trucks for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), and after some months of persuasion finally convinced head trainer Animal Hamaguchi to accept him into the dojo.

New Japan Pro-Wrestling (1991–2002)
Kojima entered the NJPW Dojo in February 1991. He debuted as a wrestler on his 21st birthday in a match against future tag team partner Hiroyoshi Yamamoto (later to be known as Hiroyoshi Tenzan). In 1994 he defeated Manabu Nakanishi in the Young Lions Cup finals, winning the tournament. In the end of that year he went to Europe, including a spell in Orig Williams' British Wrestling Federation as face-painted Suzuki Karimoto, and returned to NJPW in January 1996. When he returned, he formed The Bull Powers with Nakanishi, who had returned from WCW. In May 1997 he defeated Riki Choshu and Kensuke Sasaki with Nakanishi to become an IWGP Tag Team Champion for the first time. At the end of 1998 he joined nWo Japan, by Keiji Mutoh's leadership. Kojima and Tenzan (known together as Tencozy, a portmanteau of their last names) formed a tag team and ended up holding the IWGP Tag Team title together twice.

Major League Wrestling (2002–2003)
On September 26, 2002, Kojima defeated Jerry Lynn to win the vacant MLW World Heavyweight Championship in New York. Kojima successfully defended the title five times in both MLW and All Japan Pro Wrestling. Kojima held the championship for a then record 267 days, before losing the title to Mike Awesome on June 20, 2003.

All Japan Pro Wrestling (2002–2010)
In January 2002, in opposition to Antonio Inoki focusing the IWGP title on unreliable shoot style wrestlers such as Kazuyuki Fujita and Tadao Yasuda, as well as Inoki debuting his controversial "Inokiism" era where NJPW relied heavily on MMA shoot match crossovers, Kojima left NJPW with his mentor Keiji Mutoh, and joined All Japan Pro Wrestling where he was finally able to receive the push of a top star. One of Kojima's early feuds in AJPW was against "Dr. Death" Steve Williams and Mike Barton (Bart Gunn), who as AJPW loyalists didn't take kindly to Kojima's and Muto's "invasion" of the company. Kojima also fought against Genichiro Tenryu at this time, who would also become an AJPW loyalist.

In promos throughout 2002, Steve Williams often mentioned Satoshi Kojima as someone he would like to beat. Kojima and Williams would cross paths multiple times in tag-team matches, where on the March 23, 2002 edition of AJPW TV, Williams surprise attacked and suplexed Kojima when Kojima was cutting a promo on Tenryu. Kojima later turned babyface by December 2002, where on the December 6, 2002 pay-per-view Kojima and Taiyo Kea won the Real World Tag League of that year. Williams would watch the celebration somewhat jealously while reluctantly shaking Kojima's hand, looking down at the title on his shoulder. On the January 2, 2003 edition of AJPW TV Williams aggressively slapped Kojima in the corner of the ring during the New Year's Battle Royal before being eliminated, which Kojima went on to win. In January 2003, Williams and his partner Mike Rotunda defeated Kojima and his team three times in tag-team house show matches, but Williams ultimately left AJPW after its sale finalized. As a result a singles match between Williams and Kojima heading into 2003 never materialized.

Kojima would later hold both of the company's tag team titles, the World Tag Team Championship twice. On February 16, 2005, he won the Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship, AJPW's unified heavyweight championship from Toshiaki Kawada. Only four days later he won NJPW's heavyweight championship, the IWGP Heavyweight Championship, from his former tag team partner Hiroyoshi Tenzan in a cross-promotional double title match. The match had a unique finish designed to fool fans in attendance. The idea was to make it look like the match was going to end in a 60-minute time limit draw. However, with just seconds before the match would be declared a time limit draw, Tenzan, who was known to have a legitimate back injury, could not continue, resulting in Kojima being declared the winner and becoming the new IWGP Heavyweight Champion. NJPW officials had come up with the finish, which was designed to look like a "mistake", having agreed with AJPW that it would be better if Kojima won the match, but not wanting the match to end in a standard pinfall or submission. On May 14, 2005, Tenzan won the IWGP title back, but not the Triple Crown.

Upon joining AJPW, Kojima began to use the Great Koji (copying The Great Muta) and Great Kosuke (copying The Great Sasuke) personas for special matches.

On July 3, 2006, Kojima lost the Triple Crown to Taiyō Kea. Three days later it was revealed that Kojima would return to New Japan to compete in the 2006 G1 Climax, where he would go to lose in the finals against former tag team partner and rival Hiroyoshi Tenzan.

In October 2006 it was announced that Tencozy would reform for the upcoming World's Strongest Tag Determination League tournament. On December 2, 2006, the reformed Tencozy won the World's Strongest Tag Determination League defeating Kohei Suwama and RO'Z in the finals when Kojima used a lariat on RO'Z. The duo next faced Masahiro Chono and Keiji Mutoh at NJPW's Wrestle Kingdom in Tokyo Dome. They lost when Chono forced Tenzan to submit.

In July 2007, Kojima shocked the All-Japan Army when he betrayed them and joined the Voodoo Murders, where he was quickly made the group's co-leader along with TARU. Soon after joining, Kojima and TARU won the World Tag Team Championship from Toshiaki Kawada and Taiyō Kea. Kojima left the group in 2008 after returning from injury to side with his sworn friend Hiroyoshi Tenzan and to feud with the alliance of Great Bash Heel (Tenzan's former group) and the VooDoo Murders.

In 2008, Tenzan and Kojima became the first tag team to ever win G1 Tag League and World's Strongest Tag Determination League in the same year. Later he started his 1st stable named F4 (Friend Fight Fan and Future) with young proteges YAMATO and KAI. A 4th member in Zodiac joined later in 2009. On September 26, 2009, a few days after his 39th birthday Kojima lifted the All-Japan Triple Crown off of Yoshihiro Takayama, returning the titles to All-Japan and winning them for the 2nd time. He lost the title on March 21, 2010, to Ryota Hama.

Kojima's AJPW page was taken down soon before he agreed to compete in New Japan Pro-Wrestling's 20th annual G1 Climax. It is reported that he was plagued with an arm injury that required surgery and needed time off to heal. AJPW then refused to discuss re-signing Kojima until he was healthy. It has been reported Kojima was not pleased with this and began entertaining other possibilities.

Return to NJPW (2010–present)
Kojima returned to New Japan in August 2010 to take part in the 2010 G1 Climax tournament. His return match took place on August 6, 2010, when he teamed up with El Samurai in a tag team match, where they were defeated by Hirooki Goto and Ryusuke Taguchi. In the round robin stage of the tournament Kojima won five out his seven matches and won his block to advance to the finals, where, on August 15, he defeated Hiroshi Tanahashi to win G1 Climax. On October 11 Kojima defeated Togi Makabe to win the IWGP Heavyweight Championship for the second time. On December 11 Kojima made his first successful defense of the title, defeating Shinsuke Nakamura. On December 14 Kojima announced that he was starting his own stable, tentatively named Kojima Office, and named Taichi, who had accompanied him to the ring for his Nakamura match, its first member. Kojima turned heel on December 23, when he hit his number one contender Hiroshi Tanahashi with a lariat after a match, where he and Kota Ibushi had defeated Tanahashi and Prince Devitt. On January 4, 2011, at Wrestle Kingdom V in Tokyo Dome, Kojima lost the IWGP Heavyweight Championship to Tanahashi. On January 30 Kojima defeated Togi Makabe to earn a rematch with Tanahashi. Meanwhile, the newly renamed Kojima-gun expanded to include Taka Michinoku and Nosawa Rongai, who in turn used his connections to get MVP to also join the group. Kojima received his rematch for the IWGP Heavyweight Championship on February 20 at The New Beginning, but was again defeated by Tanahashi. After Kojima was defeated by Togi Makabe on May 3, Taichi and Taka Michinoku turned on him and named the returning Minoru Suzuki as their new leader, while Kojima himself formed a new partnership with Makabe and MVP, who left the stable after Suzuki took over. On July 18, Suzuki defeated Kojima in a singles match. The two had a rematch on August 1 during the first day of the 2011 G1 Climax, where Kojima managed to pick up the win. Kojima managed to win five more matches in the tournament, but a loss to former partner Hiroyoshi Tenzan on the final day eliminated him from the running for a spot in the finals. After the tournament Kojima was sidelined indefinitely with an eye injury suffered during the match with Tenzan.

On September 19, it was announced that Kojima had signed a contract with New Japan to become an official member of the promotion's roster. Kojima then announced that he would make his return on October 10 at Destruction '11 and challenged former partner Hiroyoshi Tenzan to be his opponent that day. Kojima would end up defeating Tenzan in his return match. In the 2011 G1 Tag League, Kojima teamed with Togi Makabe as the "Beast Combination". After picking up three wins and one loss in their first four matches, Kojima and Makabe were defeated by the Billion Powers (Hirooki Goto and Hiroshi Tanahashi) on November 4, causing them to narrowly miss advancing to the semi-finals of the tournament. Kojima and Tenzan faced each other yet again on November 12 in a match, which was won by Tenzan. Afterwards, the former tag team partners came together to fend off an attack from CHAOS. Tencozy wrestled their return match as a tag team on December 4, defeating CHAOS members Hideo Saito and Takashi Iizuka. On January 4, 2012, at Wrestle Kingdom VI in Tokyo Dome, Kojima and Tenzan defeated Bad Intentions (Giant Bernard and Karl Anderson) to win the IWGP Tag Team Championship for the third time. On May 3 at Wrestling Dontaku 2012, Kojima and Tenzan lost the title to Takashi Iizuka and Toru Yano in their third defense. On July 22, Kojima and Tenzan defeated Iizuka and Yano in a decision match to regain the newly vacated title. On October 8 at King of Pro-Wrestling, Kojima and Tenzan lost the title to K.E.S. (Davey Boy Smith, Jr. and Lance Archer). From November 20 to December 1, Tencozy took part in the round-robin portion of the 2012 World Tag League. The team finished with a record of four wins and two losses, winning their block and advancing to the semi-finals of the tournament. On December 2, Tencozy was eliminated from the tournament in their semi-final match by Sword & Guns (Hirooki Goto and Karl Anderson). On December 9, Kojima made a rare appearance for Pro Wrestling Noah, unsuccessfully challenging Takeshi Morishima for the GHC Heavyweight Championship. On April 7, 2013, Kojima unsuccessfully challenged visiting Rob Conway for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship at New Japan's Invasion Attack event. On May 3, Tencozy regained the IWGP Tag Team Championship from K.E.S. in a four-way match, which also included Takashi Iizuka and Toru Yano, and Manabu Nakanishi and Strong Man, starting Kojima's sixth reign as champion. From August 1 to 11, Kojima took part in the 2013 G1 Climax. where he finished second to last in his block with a record of four wins and five losses. However, a victory over reigning IWGP Heavyweight Champion Kazuchika Okada on the final day of the tournament earned Kojima a shot at the title. The title match between the two took place on September 29 at Destruction and saw Okada retain his title. Following the match, Kojima was sidelined with a dislocated shoulder and was expected to miss two months of in-ring action. Kojima returned to the ring on November 9 at Power Struggle, where he and Tenzan lost the IWGP Tag Team Championship back to K.E.S. in a three-way match, which also included The IronGodz (Jax Dane and Rob Conway). In December, Tencozy made it to the finals of the 2013 World Tag League, defeating K.E.S. in the semi-finals, before losing to Doc Gallows and Karl Anderson.

During the tournament, Kojima pinned Rob Conway, which led to him challenging him to a rematch for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. On January 4, 2014, at Wrestle Kingdom 8 in Tokyo Dome, Kojima defeated Conway to become the new NWA World Heavyweight Champion. The following day, Tencozy unsuccessfully challenged The IronGodz for the NWA World Tag Team Championship with Conway pinning Kojima following a low blow. On February 9 at The New Beginning in Hiroshima, Kojima made his first successful defense of the NWA World Heavyweight Championship against Big Daddy Yum-Yum. Two days later at The New Beginning in Osaka, Tencozy defeated Yum-Yum and Michael Tarver to earn another shot at the NWA World Tag Team Championship. On April 6 at Invasion Attack 2014, Tencozy defeated The IronGodz to win the NWA World Tag Team Championship. Six days later, during New Japan's trip to Taiwan, Kojima made his second successful defense of the NWA World Heavyweight Championship against Rob Conway. The following day, Tencozy also successfully defended the NWA World Tag Team Championship against The IronGodz. On May 3 at Wrestling Dontaku 2014, Kojima defeated Wes Brisco for his third successful defense of the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. On May 25 at Back to the Yokohama Arena, Tencozy successfully defended the NWA World Tag Team Championship against Brisco and Conway and K.E.S. in a three-way match. The following week, Kojima returned to the United States to defend the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. After successful defenses against Jeremiah Plunkett, Damien Wayne and Houston Carson, Kojima lost the title back to Rob Conway on June 2 in Las Vegas. Upon his return to Japan, Kojima and Tenzan successfully defended the NWA World Tag Team Championship against K.E.S. on June 21 at Dominion 6.21. After four successful title defenses, they lost the title to K.E.S. in a rematch on October 13 at King of Pro-Wrestling. The following month, Tencozy took part in the 2014 World Tag League, where they finished with a record of four wins and three losses, failing to advance to the finals. In late 2014, Kojima began making appearances for Pro Wrestling Noah, which culminated in him unsuccessfully challenging Naomichi Marufuji for the GHC Heavyweight Championship on January 10, 2015. On March 21, Kojima unsuccessfully challenged Hiroyoshi Tenzan for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. From July 23 to August 15, Kojima took part in the 2015 G1 Climax, where he finished with a record of three wins and six losses. On March 19, 2016, Kojima unsuccessfully challenged Katsuyori Shibata for the NEVER Openweight Championship.

On July 3, Kojima teamed up with Matt Sydal and Ricochet to defeat The Elite (Kenny Omega and The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson)) for the NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Championship. Afterwards, Kojima backed out of the 2016 G1 Climax and gave his spot to Hiroyoshi Tenzan to give his longtime tag team partner one final chance to win the tournament. On August 14, Kojima unsuccessfully challenged Jay Lethal for the Ring of Honor (ROH) World Championship. On September 25, Kojima, Ricochet and Sydal were stripped of the NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Championship due to Sydal failing to make a scheduled title defense at Destruction in Kobe because of travel issues. That same day, Kojima and Ricochet, now teaming with David Finlay, defeated Adam Cole and The Young Bucks to regain the vacant title. They lost the title to Los Ingobernables de Japón (Bushi, Evil and Sanada) in a four-team gauntlet match at Wrestle Kingdom 11 in Tokyo Dome on January 4, 2017. On March 6, Tencozy defeated Tomohiro Ishii and Toru Yano to win the IWGP Tag Team Championship for the sixth time. They lost the title to War Machine (Hanson and Raymond Rowe) on April 9 at Sakura Genesis 2017.

On August 27, 2017, Kojima made a one-night return to AJPW, wrestling his first match for the company in five years. He defeated Suwama in the match, but was left with a bad aftertaste due to the win coming as a result of a pre-match attack on Suwama by Joe Doering.

After sitting most of 2018 out with an ACL injury, Kojima returned and teamed with Tenzan in the 2018 World Tag League, earning 10 points. Kojima would then enter the 2019 New Japan Cup where he was eliminated in the first round by long time rival Minoru Suzuki. Kojima and Tenzan entered the 2019 World Tag League and finished with 6 points, not making the finals. Kojima would enter the 2020 New Japan Cup, however was eliminated in the first round by eventual winner EVIL. In December 2020, after Juice Robinson sustained an eye injury, Kojima would replace him and challenge KENTA for his IWGP United States Heavyweight Championship Right to Challenge briefcase at Wrestle Kingdom 15. At the event, Kojima lost. Kojima then began a feud with Will Ospreay culminating in a No Disqualification Match at The New Beginning in Nagoya, where Ospreay would defeat Kojima. Kojima entered the 2021 New Japan Cup, but was eliminated in the first round by Jeff Cobb.

Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (2017, 2024)
On June 28, 2017, Mexican promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) announced that Kojima would be making his debut for the promotion in the 2017 International Gran Prix. He was eliminated from the torneo cibernetico on September 1 by Último Guerrero. Kojima also took part in an event held by the Lucha Memes promotion on September 3, losing to Hechicero.

On May 24, 2024 he returned to the CMLL as part of the CozyMAX (Okumura) tag team, they lost against Los Depredadores (Magia Blanca & Rugido). On May 28, 2024 they made their first defense of the MLW World Tag Team Championship against Los Depredadores (Magia Blanca & Rugido).

Impact Wrestling (2021)
On the May 20, 2021, episode of Impact!, a video package aired promoting Kojima arriving to Impact Wrestling as part of a partnership between Impact and NJPW. On the following week's Impact!, Kojima made his debut confronting Violent by Design where he challenged VBD member Joe Doering to a match at Against All Odds. At the event, Kojima lost to Doering. On the June 24 episode of Impact!, he teamed up with Eddie Edwards to face VBD members Doering and Deaner for the Impact World Tag Team Championship, but failed to win. The following week on Impact!, he teamed up with Jake Something to defeat Brian Myers and Sam Beale, in what would be his final match in the company.

All Elite Wrestling (2021, 2023)
On the August 25, 2021, episode of Dynamite, Jon Moxley announced a match against Kojima at All Out. At the event, he lost to Moxley. On June 25 at Forbidden Door, Kojima competed in the Owen Hart Foundation Men's Tournament, losing to CM Punk in the quarterfinals of the tournament.

Pro Wrestling Noah (2022–2023)
On April 30 at Majestic 2022, Kojima was revealed to be Naomichi Marufuji's mystery partner against Kinya Okada and Yoshiki Inamura which Kojima and Marufuji won. Kojima then challenged Go Shiozaki for the GHC Heavyweight Championship after Shiozaki won the vacant title after defeating Kaito Kiyomiya in the main event. At CyberFight Festival 2022, Kojima defeated Shiozaki to win the GHC Heavyweight Championship for the first time and became the fourth Japanese wrestler to win all the major Heavyweight titles in Japan, having also won the IWGP Heavyweight and Triple Crown Heavyweight Championships in his career.

Return to MLW (2024–present)
In January 2024, Kojima returned to MLW to challenge World Heavyweight Champion, Alex Kane to a title match. At SuperFight 2024, Kojima defeated Kane to win the MLW World Heavyweight Championship, 22 years after first winning the title. Kojima also became the first 2-time World Heavyweight Champion in the promotions history. At Intimidation Games, Kojima successfully defended his title against Minoru Suzuki. At War Chamber, Kojima team up with The Second Gear Crew (Matthew Justice and 1 Called Manders) and Shigeo Okumura, as Team MLW. Together, they defeated World Titan Federation (Tom Lawlor, Davey Boy Smith Jr., Richard Holliday, and Josh Bishop) in a War Chamber match. At War Chamber II, Kojima successfully defended his title against Bad Dude Tito. At Aztecha Lucha, Kojima teamed up with Shigeo Okumura, calling their team, CozyMax. Together, they defeated The Second Gear Crew (Matthew Justice and 1 Called Manders) to win the vacant MLW World Tag Team Championship. Kojima also became a double champion in the process, the first to hold both the World Heavyweight and World Tag Team titles at the same time. At Fury Road, Kojima successfully defended the World Heavyweight Championship against 1 Called Manders. At Battle Riot VI, Kojima successfully defended the World Heavyweight Championship against former World Heavyweight Champion, Tom Lawlor.

Other media
Kojima, along with fellow NJPW wrestlers Hiroshi Tanahashi, Hiroyoshi Tenzan, Kazuchika Okada, Tetsuya Naito and Toru Yano, appears as a member of the gang Justis in the 2016 video game Yakuza 6: The Song of Life. He also appears in the game Fire Pro Wrestling World as a playable character.

Personal life
Kojima has a daughter.

Championships and accomplishments

 * All Japan Pro Wrestling
 * All Asia Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Shiryu
 * Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 * World Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Taiyō Kea (1), Kaz Hayashi (1), and TARU (1)
 * BAPE STA!! Tag Tournament (2003) – with Apeman
 * Champion Carnival (2003)
 * Ōdō Tournament (2023)
 * January 2 Korakuen Hall Heavyweight Battle Royal (2003)
 * World's Strongest Tag Determination League – with Taiyō Kea (2002), Kaz Hayashi (2003), and Hiroyoshi Tenzan (2006, 2008)
 * Major League Wrestling
 * MLW World Heavyweight Championship (2 times, current)
 * MLW World Tag Team Championship (1 time, current) – with Shigeo Okumura
 * National Wrestling Alliance
 * NWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * NWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Hiroyoshi Tenzan
 * New Japan Pro-Wrestling
 * IWGP Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 * IWGP Tag Team Championship (7 times) – with Hiroyoshi Tenzan (6) and Manabu Nakanishi (1)
 * NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Matt Sydal and Ricochet (1), and David Finlay and Ricochet (1)
 * Super Grade Tag League/G1 Tag League – with Keiji Mutoh (1998), and Hiroyoshi Tenzan (2001, 2008)
 * G1 Climax (2010)
 * Young Lion Cup (1994)
 * Fighting Spirit Award (2001)
 * Tag Team Best Bout (2000) with Hiroyoshi Tenzan vs. Manabu Nakanishi and Yuji Nagata on October 9
 * Nikkan Sports
 * Best Tag Team Award (2008) with Hiroyoshi Tenzan
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * Ranked No. 3 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2005
 * Ranked No. 275 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI Years in 2003
 * Pro Wrestling Noah
 * GHC Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * GHC Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Takashi Sugiura
 * Pro Wrestling Zero1-Max
 * Fire Festival (2003)
 * Tokyo Sports
 * Best Tag Team Award (2000) with Hiroyoshi Tenzan
 * Fighting Spirit Award (2010)
 * MVP Award (2005)
 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 * Tag Team of the Year (2001) with Hiroyoshi Tenzan

title: Satoshi Kojima


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chivichuss

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedily deleted. FCYTravis 18:56, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Chivichuss
Appears to be a hoax article created by IP with all other edits being vandalism. --Tabor 17:39, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete; no such place known to Google seglea 17:41, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedied - "county in Yellowstone" - wtf? --FCYTravis 18:56, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik

Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik (مسلمة بن عبد الملك, in Greek sources Μασαλμᾶς, Masalmas; fl. 705 – 24 December 738) was an Umayyad prince and one of the most prominent Arab generals of the early decades of the 8th century, leading several campaigns against the Byzantine Empire and the Khazar Khaganate. He achieved great fame especially for leading the second and last Arab siege of the Byzantine capital Constantinople.

He launched his military career leading the annual summer raids against the Byzantines in Anatolia. By 709, he was governor over Qinnasrin (northern Syria), the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), Armenia, and Adharbayjan, giving him control over the Caliphate's northern frontier. From this position, he launched the first Arab expeditions against the Khazars across the Caucasus. Maslama's brother, Caliph Sulayman, appointed him to lead the campaign to capture Constantinople in 715, but it ended in disaster for the Arabs and he was ordered to withdraw by Sulayman's successor, Umar II, in 718.

After his brother Yazid II ((r. 720 – 724)) came to power, Maslama was sent to suppress the revolt of Yazid ibn al-Muhallab in Iraq. Although successful, Maslama was recalled in 721, due to the Caliph's concerns over Maslama's growing power as governor of Iraq. Maslama was excluded from the line of succession because his mother was a slave concubine, but he secured the accession of his other brother, Hisham ((r. 724 – 743)). Under Hisham, Maslama resumed the campaigns against the Byzantines and the Khazars, with mixed results. In 732, he was replaced by his cousin, the future caliph Marwan II ((r. 744 – 750)).

Maslama was granted extensive estates by his brothers, investing considerable sums to reclaim and develop agricultural lands in Balis, the Balikh valley, and the marshlands of southern Iraq. The estates were inherited by his descendants, but were mostly confiscated by the Abbasid dynasty after they toppled the Umayyads in 750. Nonetheless, out of respect for Maslama's battlefield reputation, his descendants were largely spared from the Abbasids' wide-scale persecutions of the Umayyad family.

Family background
Maslama was a son of the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ((r. 685 – 705)) and half-brother of the caliphs al-Walid I ((r. 705 – 715)), Sulayman ((r. 715 – 717)), Yazid II ((r. 720 – 724)) and Hisham ((r. 724 – 743)). Maslama himself was excluded from the line of succession as his mother was a slave concubine. Around 691, Abd al-Malik arranged Maslama's marriage to al-Rabab, the daughter of the Qaysi tribal chief Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi, as part of the settlement to end Zufar's revolt against the Umayyads.

Campaigns against the Byzantines
Maslama is first mentioned as leading, along with his nephew al-Abbas ibn al-Walid, the annual summer campaign (sa'ifa; pl. sawa'if) against the Byzantine Empire in 705. His first major expedition was the 707–708 campaign against the Byzantine city of Tyana in southeastern Asia Minor, which was launched in retaliation for the defeat and death of the distinguished general Maimun the Mardaite the year before. The siege lasted through winter and the Arab army faced great hardship, but after the Arabs defeated a Byzantine relief force in spring 708, the city surrendered. A few months later, in the summer, Maslama led another expedition into Asia Minor and defeated a Byzantine army near Amorium, while in 709 he raided into the region of Isauria.

In the same year, Maslama was appointed military governor of the Jazira, Armenia and Adharbayjan, succeeding his uncle Muhammad ibn Marwan. This he added to the post of governor of Jund Qinnasrin in northern Syria, which he already held during his father's reign. His governorship of Qinnasrin was not as well-documented by early Arabic chroniclers as his other posts. Together, command of these provinces effectively gave him complete control of the Caliphate's entire northwestern border. From this position he launched several campaigns against the Byzantines, devastating Galatia and sacking Amaseia in 712, and taking Melitene in 714.

War with the Khazars
Maslama was also the first to establish the Caliphate's presence north of the Caucasus, leading to the commencement of direct conflict with the Khazars (the Second Arab–Khazar War). Sources date the resumption of the conflict as early as 707 with a campaign by Maslama in Adharbayjan and up to Derbent (known in Arabic as Bab al-Abwab, 'Gate of Gates'). Further attacks on Derbent are reported by different sources in 708 by Muhammad ibn Marwan and the following year again by Maslama.

In 713/14, Maslama led an expedition which captured Derbent, reportedly after a resident showed him a secret underground passage. The Armenian historian Łewond claims that the Arabs, realizing that they could not hold the fortress, razed its walls. Maslama then drove deeper into Khazar territory. The Khazar khagan confronted the Arabs at the city of Tarku but, apart from a series of single combats by champions, the two armies did not engage for several days. The imminent arrival of Khazar reinforcements under the general Alp' forced Maslama to quickly abandon his campaign and retreat to Iberia, leaving his camp with all its equipment as a ruse.

The early Muslim sources generally credit Maslama with leading the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca in 713, though his nephew Abd al-Aziz ibn al-Walid is also cited as the leader that year. Leadership of the sawa'if and the annual Hajj were both prestigious commands, which under the Umayyads were almost exclusively held by prominent members of the dynasty.

Siege of Constantinople
From 715 Maslama was the leading general in the plans of his brother, Caliph Sulayman, to conquer the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, as Sulayman himself was too ill to lead the campaign in person. Maslama led a huge army, which sources report to have numbered 120,000 men and 1,800 ships. In late 715, the Arab vanguard crossed the Taurus Mountains into Byzantine territory, Maslama following in spring 716 with the main army and the fleet. The Arabs' plans were aided by the recurrence of civil strife, which had plagued the Byzantines since 695; Emperor Anastasius II was overthrown by Theodosius III in 715, who was in turn opposed by the strategos of the Anatolic Theme, Leo the Isaurian. Maslama hoped to use the divisions among the Byzantines for his own benefit and initiated contacts with Leo, but the latter used the negotiations to outwit the Arab general and occupied for himself the strategic city of Amorium, which Maslama had intended to use as his winter base. As a result, Maslama marched further west, to the coastlands of the Thracesian Theme. There he spent the winter, while Leo marched against Theodosius in Constantinople, which he entered in March 717.

In early summer 717, Maslama with his army crossed from Asia into Europe over the Dardanelles, and proceeded to besiege Constantinople from land and sea. His navy, however, was soon neutralized by the use of Greek fire, and as his army was unable to overcome the city's land defences, the siege continued into the winter, which was especially severe that year, with snow covering the ground for three months. Maslama had brought along many supplies, but they either soon ran out or were lost—Arab accounts make much of Leo tricking the Arab general yet again during negotiations into handing over or destroying a significant part of his hoarded supplies—and the army began to suffer from hunger and disease.

In spring, reinforcements arrived in the form of two large fleets from Egypt and Ifriqiya, but a large part of their crews, who were mostly conscripted Christians, went over to the Byzantines, and Leo's navy managed to destroy or capture the Arab fleets. The Byzantines also defeated an Arab army marching to aid the besiegers through Asia Minor, while Maslama's men had to contend with attacks by the Bulgars as well, which cost them many men. The siege had clearly failed, and the new Caliph, Umar II ((r. 717 – 720)), ordered Maslama to retreat. On 15 August 718, after thirteen months of siege, the Arabs departed.

Governorship in Iraq
After his failure at Constantinople, Maslama was dispatched to Iraq to quell the Kharijites, an Islamic sect opposed to the Umayyads. Following Umar's death and the accession of his brother Yazid II in 720, he was tasked with suppressing the mass Iraqi revolt led by Yazid ibn al-Muhallab, whom he defeated and killed in August 720. As governor of Iraq, a major provincial office whose authority extended over the eastern half of the Caliphate, Maslama championed the Qays in their factional conflict with the Yaman, whose interests Ibn al-Muhallab had represented. Maslama dismissed all the Yamani sub-governors of Iraq and the eastern provinces and voided all the orders Ibn al-Muhallab had issued while in office. Maslama soon fell out of favour with the Caliph, who resented and feared his power as governor of Iraq, as well as his interference in the caliphal succession: Maslama favoured his brother Hisham over Yazid's son al-Walid. Yazid recalled Maslama from his post, ostensibly because he had failed to deliver his provinces' tax haul to the caliphal capital, Damascus, and replaced him with Maslama's Qaysi protege, Umar ibn Hubayra al-Fazari.

Raids against Byzantium and the sack of Caesarea
Maslama then disappears from the sources and re-emerges in 725, shortly after Yazid's death and the accession of Hisham, who sent Maslama to replace the veteran general al-Jarrah ibn Abdallah al-Hakami in the Caucasus front against the Khazars. Initially, however, Maslama was mostly active in the Byzantine front, and the war against the Khazars was delegated to al-Harith ibn Amr al-Ta'i. In winter 725, Maslama led an expedition against Asia Minor from Melitene, which culminated in the sack of Caesarea on 13 January 726. Along with the capture of Gangra by Abdallah al-Battal in 727, this was one of the major successes of Arab arms against the Byzantines in the 720s. A few months later, he also led the otherwise unremarkable northern sa'ifa into Byzantine territory.

Fighting the Khazars, 727–728
Maslama's attention was then diverted to the Khazar front, where 726 had seen major Khazar invasions into Albania and Adharbayjan. Both sides escalated their commitment in 727: Maslama for the first time confronted the khagan himself. The Arabs took the offensive, probably reinforced with Syrian and Jaziran troops. Maslama recovered the Darial Pass and pushed into Khazar territory, campaigning there until the onset of winter forced him to return to Adharbayjan.

A second invasion in the following year, ended in what the historian Khalid Yahya Blankinship calls a "near disaster". Arab sources report that the Umayyad troops fought for thirty or forty days in the mud, with continuous rain, before defeating the khagan on 17 September 728. The impact of their victory is questionable, however; Maslama was ambushed by the Khazars upon his return, and the Arabs abandoned their baggage train and fled through the Darial Pass to safety.

After this campaign, Maslama was replaced as governor yet again by al-Jarrah. Despite his energy, Maslama's campaigns failed to produce the desired results; by 729, the Arabs had lost control of northeastern Transcaucasia and were again on the defensive, with al-Jarrah having to defend Adharbayjan against a Khazar invasion. He is then recorded by the Byzantine chronicler Theophanes the Confessor as having been responsible for the sack of the fortress of Charsianon in late 730, but Arab sources credit Mu'awiya ibn Hisham for this act.

Third command in the northwestern frontier
In the Caucasus, the situation quickly deteriorated after Maslama's departure. While al-Jarrah campaigned north of the Caucasus, the Khazars swung behind him and attacked his main base, Ardabil. Hastening to relieve the city, al-Jarrah was defeated and killed, and his army practically annihilated in a battle outside the city on 9 December 730.

With Khazar detachments ranging unopposed as far as Mosul, Caliph Hisham again appointed Maslama as governor of Armenia and Adharbayjan to fight the Khazars. While Maslama was assembling his force, the veteran general Sa'id ibn Amr al-Harashi was sent to try and halt the Khazar advance. Sa'id was able to do more than that, defeating the dispersed Khazar forces, and recovering towns and prisoners. Sa'id's unexpected success angered Maslama; Łewond writes that Sa'id had won the war and received what glory (and booty) there was to be had. Sa'id was relieved of his command in early 731 by Maslama and imprisoned at Qabala and Bardha'a, charged with endangering the army by disobeying orders, and was released only after the caliph intervened on his behalf.

At the command of a large army, Maslama took the offensive. He restored the provinces of Albania to Muslim allegiance (after punishing the inhabitants of Khaydhan who resisted him) and reached Derbent, where he found a Khazar garrison of 1,000 men and their families. Leaving al-Harith ibn Amr al-Ta'i to keep watch there, Maslama advanced north. Although details of this campaign may be conflated in the sources with his earlier 728 campaign, he apparently took Khamzin, Balanjar, and Samandar before being forced to retreat after a confrontation with the main Khazar army under the khagan. Leaving their campfires burning, the Arabs withdrew in the middle of the night and quickly reached Derbent in a series of forced marches. The Khazars shadowed Maslama's march south and attacked him near Derbent, but the Arab army (augmented by local levies) resisted until a small, elite force attacked the khagan's tent and wounded him. The Muslims, encouraged, then defeated the Khazars.

Re-foundation of Derbent
Taking advantage of his victory, Maslama poisoned the water supply of Derbent to drive the Khazar garrison out. He re-established the city as an Arab military colony (misr), restoring its fortifications and garrisoning it with 24,000 troops, mostly from Syria, divided into quarters by their district (jund) of origin. Leaving his relative Marwan ibn Muhammad (later the last Umayyad caliph, from 744 to 750) in command at Derbent, Maslama returned with the rest of his army south of the Caucasus for the winter.

Despite the capture of Derbent, Maslama's was apparently unsatisfactory to Hisham, who replaced his brother in March 732 with Marwan ibn Muhammad.

Retirement
Maslama thereafter retired from public life, possibly to his extensive estates in northern Syria. He backed Hisham's attempts to install his son, Abu Shakir Maslama, as his successor, in place of the heir apparent, Yazid II's son al-Walid. Maslama died on 24 December 738. With his death, Hisham lost a major supporter for his succession plans in the Umayyad family. Al-Walid acceded after Hisham's death in 743.

Legacy
Maslama was among "the most celebrated generals of the Umayyad house", in the words of the historian Patricia Crone. As the commander of the great assault on Constantinople and the "founder of Islamic Derbent", for over twenty years in the early 9th century, Maslama was "one of the principal props of Umayyad power and a foremost actor on the stage of the East", according to the historian Douglas M. Dunlop. His fame spread far and wide in the Muslim world, and his exploits and chivalry passed into legend.

Legendary traditions
In later traditions, Maslama's fortification of Derbent was parallelized with the similar efforts by the 6th-century Sasanian monarch Khosrow Anushirvan and even with Alexander the Great's legendary 'Wall of Alexander', meant to keep Gog and Magog (here equated with the Khazars) at bay. His activity in the region ensured his continued presence in the traditions of North Caucasus Muslims. Thus, according to the 13th-century geographer Zakariya al-Qazwini, Muslims went on pilgrimage to a mosque near Derbent where a sword reputed to have belonged to Maslama was kept in its mihrab.

Maslama's attempt to capture Constantinople in particular became celebrated in later Muslim literature, with several surviving accounts, mostly semi-fictional, in which the historical defeat was transformed into a sort of victory: Maslama was said to have departed only after symbolically entering the Byzantine capital on his horse accompanied by thirty riders; Leo received him with honour and led him to the Hagia Sophia, where the emperor paid homage to the Arab general. The tales of the siege influenced similar episodes in Arabic epic literature, where Maslama appears associated with Abdallah al-Battal, another legendary Arab hero of the wars against Byzantium. His campaign against Constantinople continued to provide inspiration to later Muslim authors, from the Muhadarat al-Abrar ascribed to the 13th-century Andalusian mystic Ibn Arabi, to the khamsa of the 17th-century Ottoman poet Nargisi.

Furthermore, Byzantine tradition, as recorded in the 10th-century De Administrando Imperio, held that during the siege Maslama convinced the Byzantines to build Constantinople's first mosque, near the city's praetorium. In reality, the mosque near the praetorium was most likely erected in about 860, as a result of an Arab embassy in that year. It survived down to the sack of the city by the Fourth Crusade. Later Ottoman tradition also ascribed the building of the Arap Mosque (located outside Constantinople proper in Galata) to Maslama, although it erroneously dated this to around 686, probably confusing Maslama's attack with the first Arab siege in the 670s.

Land development and reclamation projects
Several Umayyad princes were granted estates by the caliphs, usually land of little value, which the princes developed for profit. Abd al-Malik or al-Walid I granted Maslama an estate at Balis and its environs, where agriculture was rain-dependent. The previous inhabitants of Balis had fled the town during the early 7th-century Muslim conquest and it was re-settled by Syrian Arab tribal warriors who converted to Islam. Upon his own initiative or per the inhabitants' request, Maslama revitalized the lands by digging a canal there, called Nahr Maslama after him, to irrigate its fields, and built a wall around Balis. The estate was not subject to the land tax (kharaj) paid by non-Muslims; it paid the minimal tithe (ushr) to the state. Maslama collected one third of the remaining yield, the rest going to the inhabitants, who were effectively sharecroppers.

An extensive former canal that was excavated near the site of Dibsi Faraj (medieval Qasirin), in the 1970s, has been identified with Nahr Maslama. The canal ran parallel to the Euphrates river, corresponding with medieval accounts tracing Nahr Maslama's route from Balis through Qasirin to the site of Siffin (Tell Abu Hureyra). The 8th-century Syriac Chronicle of Zuqnin mentions that Maslama built several villages and forts along the canal. The early Muslim sources mention one fortified village he founded, Na'ura (Waterwheel), between Balis and Aleppo, which has not been identified. It remained inhabited at least until the 10th century. Between his frequent military campaigns and his other estates in Syria and the Jazira, it is unlikely Maslama spent significant time in Balis before his retirement. In his absence, the Umayyads at Balis were led by his brother Sa'id al-Khayr.

Maslama founded the dual site of Hisn Maslama and Bajadda on both sides of the Balikh River valley. There, he built a fortified compound and dug a canal, also known as Nahr Maslama, to transport water from the Balikh to a large cistern which supplied the new town, whose inhabitants were Muslim landed settlers. He granted Bajadda to one of his Qaysi lieutenants, Asid ibn Zafir al-Sulami, who further developed it. Hisn Maslama, which Maslama probably used as one of his residences, was probably abandoned after the mid-9th century.

Another of Maslama's major land reclamation projects was in the marshes of southern Iraq. There, frequent breaches of embankments caused mass flooding, which ruined the farmlands of the region. Al-Walid I would not fund the restoration of the farms due to the high cost, estimated to be 3,000,000 dirhams. Instead, Maslama volunteered to pay the sum in exchange for the Caliph granting him the land. Maslama drained the marshes by digging a canal and brought farmers to cultivate the reclaimed lands, enabling his estates to prosper. According to the historian Hugh N. Kennedy, Maslama "clearly recouped his investment, presumably from a share of the crops".

Building works
The historian Jere L. Bacharach speculates that Maslama was the most likely founder of the Umayyad Mosque of Aleppo, whose original construction is otherwise attributed to al-Walid I or Sulayman. Most of the present structure dates to the 12th–13th centuries. Bacharach bases his view on Maslama's governorship of Qinnasrin and his possible use of Aleppo as a base for the sawa'if, for which a congregational mosque to serve the troops would have made sense. The Umayyad-era qasr (castle) in Balis, a fortified residence with a canal and a wool production center, was possibly a construction by Maslama or Sa'id al-Khayr. Maslama may have been responsible for some construction works in the town of Qinnasrin. In Damascus, he had an iwan (enclosed hall) called after him alongside the residences of other Umayyad dynasts, including the caliphal Khadra Palace, situated behind the Umayyad Mosque.

Descendants
Maslama's descendants inherited his estates and continued living in northern Syria after his death. In the aftermath of the Abbasid Revolution, which toppled the Umayyads in 750, an Abbasid officer harassed Maslama's family and seized his fortified residence at Na'ura. The incident provoked the Qaysi allies of Maslama's family, led by Zufar ibn al-Harith's grandson Abu al-Ward, to revolt against the Abbasids. The revolt was soon after quashed and Maslama's estates were confiscated and transferred to the Abbasids. Around the same time, a son of Maslama, Muhammad, raised a revolt in Harran, but it was also suppressed.

The Abbasid caliphs were nonetheless sympathetic toward the memory of Maslama and toward his family. This was probably due to Maslama's reputation as a sober Muslim and fame as a ghazi (warrior) against the Byzantines. His descendants remained in northern Syria, where several were still recorded in the sources around a century later. His grandson, Muhammad ibn Yazid al-Hisni, a poet, was spared by Caliph al-Mahdi when the latter visited Hisn Maslama in 780, despite making a slight toward the Abbasids in verse. One of Maslama's descendants, Maslama ibn Ya'qub, seized control of Damascus with the backing of Qaysi tribesmen and proclaimed himself caliph in c. 813, during the Great Abbasid Civil War. He was ousted shortly after and died in hiding. A 10th-century descendant of Maslama, Abu Bakr ibn al-Azraq, was a prominent poet in the Fatimid Caliphate and Umayyad Spain.

{{legend|#bfc|Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik}} {{legend|#fcc|Umayyad caliphs}}

title: Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik


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User talk:Geeksquad

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

pamri 17:40, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

Feminism sub categories
Please be careful to meet wikipedia naming conventions. Your category should be "Category:Feminist activists and theorists" although I would recommend more removing the activist since most noted feminists are activist in some way since they let their feminism be known but not all are theorists. So, I recommend you move everything in that category to "Category:Feminist theorists". I'll keep an eye on your progress; if you have any questions ask. gren グレン 17:03, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, the celebrities are pretty much activists if they are vocal about it. They are not, however, theorists.  So I recommend sticking to just theorists since that is a much more clear cut.  Deciding who is activist and who isn't is very much bordering on original research.  gren グレン 17:14, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

 * How about this. You create Category:Feminist activists and Category:Feminist theorists.  You can put some in both but it won't limit those who aren't both activists and theorists and will also have proper naming scheme.  I think activist is harder to tell but if the literature says they are an activist then they can be in the category? How does that sound?  That was my main issue with you lumping both into one category, it's just not typically how directory structures are named here.  Definitely not the capital letters but also not using "and" so much.  Does that sound good to you? because, it sounds good to me :) gren グレン 17:52, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Make sure the second word is lower case unless a proper noun. If you make any mistakes add  to your category so someone can delete it.  The same goes for "Category:Feminist Theorists & Activists" after you depopulate it.  I don't know what the proper categories are, you can split it up as you see fit since you seem to know more (make sure it's more than your own opinion of course).  I just want to make sure they are propely named. gren グレン 18:07, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

Signing talk page posts
Please be sure to sign your name on talk pages (but not on articles) by typing ~. It will automatically put your nick and timestamp for you. See WP:SIG for details. Ash Lux 22:16, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Geeksquad


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User:Jokach

1. Owner and president of Matrixwatch.org, an internet fraud awareness website

2. IT Professional and marathon runner (getyourserenity.com)

title: User:Jokach


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Talk:Parmigianino

"Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola" indeed!
... this is the same pretentious showing-off a spurious "correctness" that puts Caravaggio at "Michelangelo Merisi". The fact is, that everyone looking for information on Parmigianino will be redirected, so this sophmoric attempt at looking "knowing" is harmless after all. But is Palladio next? Bronzino? Middle-class Americans all have middle initials and surnames. Italian painters and hip-hop personalities do not. To understand this is already a beginning. --Wetman 17:40, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Despite whether you think that the article name is "pretentious", the fact remains that this was the name of the artist. It is the most unambiguous name to give the article, which I believe is a naming guideline. Where the artist in question was known by more than one name, it seems to make sense to redirect to the most "official" name.

 * Wikipedia usually uses the popular name. See Naming conventions (common names). This specifically guides us to use popular pseudonyms. --Sketchee 06:29, 26 November 2005 (UTC)

Requested move
As per Wikipedia:Naming conventions (common names), this page should be moved to the common names. The move fits perfectly with the examples listed there and with the way other artists of the period are currently named. --Sketchee 06:39, 26 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Add *Support or *Oppose followed by an optional one sentence explanation, then sign your vote with ~

This article has been renamed as the result of a move request. Dragons flight 05:15, 19 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Support --Sketchee 06:39, 26 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Support naming conventions and their interpretation for these cases are clear. Rd232 talk 15:00, 26 November 2005 (UTC)
 * The page was at Parmigianino for two and a half years before it was moved without prior discussion. (history) There was one immediate objection afterwards (see above on this page) but it stayed here until the issue was raised again now. Rd232 talk 15:00, 26 November 2005 (UTC)

April 2006 Needs Clean-Up notice
I see that some clean-up of this article has occurred since the April 2006 tagging, including cleaning up the results of the Dec '05 re-renaming. What I don't see is comments from either User:Moe Epsilon or User:Attilios on what they thought needed cleaning-up. Here are some problems that I see:
 * I have my doubts about the fair-use of the long quote from The Story of Art by E.H. Gombrich (1995).
 * The Biography section is full of tense shifts.
 * The intoduction says He was an influential painter, but there is no section on his influence. Bejnar 22:07, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The bit about the Madonna with Long Neck needs to be clarified and put into a format that explains the painting, rather than exalt it without much reason given. The entire section praises the work and artist as if it were his mentor, without much reason given as to why this painting is good except to say its the writers preference.  The art style also needs to be named, rather than explained. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 72.50.176.188 (talk) 16:41, 6 March 2007 (UTC).

Parmigiano
Wetman, I agree Parmigiano is neither correct nor up to date, but it is/was widely used by such major scholars as A Hayatt Major or here by the NMM in London (try googling "P.. painter"): []0 Johnbod 17:43, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

 * No problem, as long as the reader doesn't come away with a feeling that Parimgiano is an equivalent. A. Hyatt Mayor deserves a Wikipedia page. --Wetman 02:16, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Antea
I guess it may be better, if we write also the name of the portrait it is widely known - Antea, -- Zara-arush (talk) 21:58, 1 October 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Parmigianino


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Robert Alexander (United States Army officer)

Major General Robert Alexander (October 17, 1863 – August 25, 1941) was a senior United States Army officer. He served in World War I, where he commanded the 77th Infantry Division, in which the famous Lost Battalion served, on the Western Front in 1918.

Early life
Robert Alexander was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on October 17, 1863. His parents were Judge and Mrs. William Alexander. His father had been Justice of the Circuit Court of Baltimore City and the Court of Appeals of the State of Maryland.

Alexander studied law in the offices of J. B. and Edwin H. Brown in Centreville, Maryland. He attained admission to the bar, but decided against a legal career, instead enlisting in the United States Army's 4th Infantry Regiment as a private on April 7, 1886.

Military career
In 1887, he became the first sergeant of his company, and in 1889 received a promotion to second lieutenant.

As he rose through the ranks he took part in the American Indian Wars, served in Puerto Rico during the Spanish–American War. He was with the 11th Infantry in 1901 when it was ordered to the Philippines during the Philippine–American War, and he served at Carigara on the island of Leyte. In 1902, he took part in combat against Filipino insurgents on Leyte and Samar, and in one engagement he was wounded by a bolo. During the Pancho Villa Expedition, Alexander served on the Texas–Mexico. He was a distinguished graduate of the Army School of the Line in 1909 and graduated from the Army Staff College in 1910.

When the United States joined the Allied forces in World War I, Alexander proved his valor and was able to rise through the ranks. He was also given the responsibility of inspector general in the Zone of Communications from November 1917 to February 1918. Alexander was promoted to brigadier general in February 1918 and then to major general in August 1918.

From the headquarters of the 77th Division in France, Alexander was one of the officers who reported on the Lost Battalion incident. A group of around 500 soldiers, in nine companies, had disappeared after going into the Argonne Forest expecting American and French Allied troops to meet them. This had followed an American attack on German forces and, with Major Charles White Whittlesey leading the group, the men found that the French troops had been stalled. As a result, the battalion was cut off by the Germans who surprised them and suffered large losses with only 197 men coming out of the ravine. In the report he states:

""General Order Number 30:

I desire to publish to the command an official recognition of the valor and extraordinary heroism in action of the officers and enlisted men of the following organizations: Companies A, B, C, E, G, H     308th Infantry Company K                              307th Infantry Companies C, D        306th Machine Gun Btln. These organizations, or detachments therefrom, comprised the approximate force of 550 men under command of Major Charles W. Whittlesey, which was cut off from the remainder of the Seventy-Seventh Division and surrounded by a superior number of the enemy near Charlevaux, in the Forest d'Argonne, from the morning of October 3, 1918, to the night of October 7, 1918. Without food for more than one hundred hours, harassed continuously by machine gun, rifle, trench mortar and grenade fire, Major Whittlesey's command, with undaunted spirit and magnificent courage, successfully met and repulsed daily violent attacks by the enemy. They held the position which had been reached by supreme efforts, under orders received for an advance, until communication was re-established with friendly troops. When relief finally came, approximately 194 officers and men were able to walk out of the position. Officers and men killed numbered 107. On the fourth day a written proposition to surrender received from the Germans was treated with the contempt which it deserved. The officers and men of these organizations during these five days of isolation continually gave unquestionable proof of extraordinary heroism and demonstrated the high standard and ideals of the United States Army.

Robert Alexander, Major General, US Army Commanding" April 15, 1919"

In France, he commanded the 41st Division, 63rd Infantry Brigade, and the 77th Division. He commanded the 77th from August 1918 onwards, including during the Meuse–Argonne offensive, where he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) in October for heroism at Grandpré, Ardennes. The medal's citation reads:

"The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Major General Robert Alexander, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism in action while serving with 77th Division, A.E.F., near Grand Pre, France, 11 October 1918. During the advance in the Argonne Forest and at a time when his forces were fatigued by the stress of battle and a long period of active front-line service, Major General Alexander visited the units in the front line, cheering and encouraging them to greater efforts. Unmindful of the severe fire to which he was subjected, he continued until he had inspected each group. His utter disregard of danger and inspiring example resulted in the crossing of the Aire and the capture of Grand Pre and St. Juvin."

He was also awarded the Croix de Guerre (France), two citations and was made a Commander of the Legion of Honor (France).

After the war, which ended on November 11, 1918, he returned to his permanent rank of colonel and commanded the 3rd Field Artillery Brigade.

In 1919, Alexander received the honorary degree of LL.D. from St. John's College of Annapolis, Maryland.

Alexander later commanded the 3rd Division and Fort Lewis, Washington. He retired in 1927 at the rank of major general.

He authored a memoir, 1931's Memories of the World War, 1917–1918. Also in 1931, Alexander received an honorary LL.D. from the College of Puget Sound.

In 1933, Alexander was a delegate to the Washington state convention that ratified the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution. He was a candidate for chairman of the convention but after a deadlock he withdrew in favor of a compromise choice. On the ratification question, Alexander was in the majority, which voted to enact the Twenty-first amendment by a vote of 94 to 4.

Personal life
In 1892, Alexander married Mollie Augur Thomas (1871–1953), the daughter of Brigadier General Earl D. Thomas. They were the parents of two sons, both of whom served in the army. William Dennison (1893–1978) attained the rank of colonel and Robert Jr. became a lieutenant colonel.

Alexander was active in freemasonry. In 1931, he attained the 33rd degree of the Scottish Rite.

He died at the Veterans Administration Hospital in The Bronx on August 25, 1941, and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington, Virginia.

Effective dates of promotion
The dates and ranks of Alexander's promotions were:

 * Private and Sergeant, Company G, 4th United States Infantry, April 7, 1886 – January 29, 1890
 * Second Lieutenant, December 17, 1889
 * First Lieutenant, January 7, 1897
 * Captain, October 2, 1899
 * Major, March 11, 1911
 * Lieutenant Colonel, July 1, 1916
 * Colonel, August 26, 1917
 * Brigadier General (temporary), February 9, 1918
 * Major General (temporary), August 26, 1918
 * Colonel, July 31, 1919
 * Brigadier General (permanent), April 30, 1921
 * Major General (permanent), August 26, 1927
 * Major General (retired), October 17, 1927


text:
File:BloodFever.jpg

Summary
James Bond 007 - Blood Fever

© 2005 Puffin Books

Rationale for "fair use" in the article Blood Fever and Young Bond :

No free or public domain images have been located for this book.

Image is a promotional cover, intended for wide distribution as publicity for the book.

Image is of considerably lower resolution than the original, and is used for informational purposes only. Its use does not detract from either the original cover, or from the book itself.

title: File:BloodFever.jpg