text:
User talk:Marg skrob

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Marg skrob


text: User talk:69.110.25.150

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:69.110.25.150


text:
User:Janezy

I'm a 32-year old female located in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

title: User:Janezy


text:
Celestia (name)

Celestia is a female given name, which is a variant of Celeste, and which means "heavenly" or "of the sky" in Latin. The name may refer to:

 * Celestia De Lamour (born 1950), Vietnamese religious leader
 * Celestia Parrish (1853–1918), American educator
 * Celestia Shambaugh (1881–1971), American educator
 * Celestia Taylor (1903–1996), American professor of English

Fictional characters

 * Princess Celestia (voiced by Nicole Oliver), a character in the TV show My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic
 * Celestia Ludenberg, a character from the game Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc

title: Celestia (name)


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Lokanarkavu Temple

Lokanarkavu Temple is an ancient Hindu temple dedicated to goddess Durga devi situated in Memunda, 4 km from Vatakara, in Kozhikode District, North Malabar region of Kerala state of south India. Lokanarkavu is a short form of Lokamalayarkavu which means lokam (world) made of mala (mountain), aaru (river) and kavu (grove). The closest railway station is at Vatakara, which is 5 km from temple. The nearest airport is Kannur airport which is 54 km away.

Pooram is the important festival here and it is conducted with great pomp and show. The week-long festival begins with Kodiyettam (flag hoisting) and concludes with Arattu. The temple isdedicated to goddess Durga.

Lokanarkavu and Kalarippayattu
Thirty days Mandala Utsavam in Malayalam month Vrischikam (November–December) and pooram in Malayalam month meenam (March–April) are  the annual festival at the Lokanarkavu Bhagavathy Temple. This is the only temple where a peculiar folk dance called Poorakkali is presented during festivals. The dance, resembles the martial art Kalarippayattu. Even today, all Kalaripayattu artists seek the blessings of the deity before their debut due to the association of Lokanarkavu Temple with legendary hero thacholi othenan.

title: Lokanarkavu Temple


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Allsvenskan (disambiguation)

Allsvenskan is the highest league of Swedish football for men. Allsvenskan (the all Swedish) is also the name of several Swedish sport leagues:

 * Damallsvenskan, highest women's football league
 * Allsvenskan (bandy), second highest bandy league since the 2007–08 season
 * Allsvenskan and Elitserien (bandy), combined highest bandy leagues until the 2007–08 season
 * Allsvenskan (men's handball), second highest men's handball league
 * Allsvenskan (women's handball), second highest women's handball league
 * Allsvenskan (rugby), highest rugby league
 * HockeyAllsvenskan, second highest ice hockey league
 * Allsvenskan (speedway), the second highest speedway league
 * Superallsvenskan, defunct ice hockey league
 * Allsvenskan play-offs, a Swedish football cup held to decide the Swedish football champions between 1982 and 1990

title: Allsvenskan (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:The Gruffalo

Chinese fable
Someone added that The Gruffalo was based on a chinese fable, but didn't provide a source to back up that claim. I can't find any evidence to support it either. Apparently Donaldson's book The Wonderful Smells was based on a chinese fable (ref) but there's no indication that The Gruffalo was too. -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 20:30, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks to the anon for the information below. Now look here:

 * "The Gruffalo ... began as a contemporary version of an Eastern folk tale about a child who cons a jungle tiger into submission by the cunning expedient of having it follow in her footsteps. ... 'I intended the book to be about a tiger, but I just couldn't get anything to rhyme with "tiger".' "

 * This is a British newspaper - ought to do as a reliable source. And there is a FAQ on her own website, here:

 * "The book was going to be about a tiger but I couldn’t get anything to rhyme with “tiger”." -- ALoan (Talk) 16:14, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

more on Chinese fable
I love "The Gruffalo" for the rhymes but recognize the Chinese fable the first time I read it. Most Chinese will recognize the fable "The Fox and the Tiger" (or literally -- "The fox pretending to take on the ferociousness of the tiger" story) because we all read it in our school's textbooks before the age of 6 or 7. Please see the following two sources with their English translations, one from www.hanyu.com.cn, another from http://www2.epochtimes.com/gb/csc67_1.htm. I don't know how far back these stories appeared in Chinese books but it must have been at least a few decades, as I am 50 now and I read it in my Chinese school books when I was 6.

(source: hanyu.com.cn) 狐假虎威 一次，一只老虎抓住了一只狐狸，便要吃它. 那狡猾的狐狸抗议说："你怎么可以吃我！我是天帝派来到森林里来做兽中之王的. 你如果不信，可以跟着我走，看哪有一只野兽不怕我！" 老虎要证实它的话，就同意了它的建议. 狐狸走在前面，老虎紧紧的跟在后面. 森林里的兔子,鹿儿等野兽，看见老虎来了，一个个都躲开了. 老虎看了以为那些野兽真的是怕狐狸而逃的，也就不敢吃狐狸了. "狐假虎威"这个成语就是由这个故事而来，形容那些依仗别人势力欺负他人的人.

Fox assuming tiger's ferocity A tiger once caught a fox and desired to make a meal of it. The cunning fox immediately made a protest saying: "How can you take me as your food? You must know that I am sent by God to this forest to be the king of all the beasts herein. If you don't believe what I say, you may follow me and see that every beast, without any exception, will fear me." In order to prove the truth of the fox's statement, the tiger agreed to the fox's [wrongly translated as "farmer" in the webpage] proposal. The fox went ahead, and the tiger followed closely. All the wild beasts in the forest, such as hares, deer, etc., on seeing the tiger coming, went away to hide themselves one by one. The tiger thought that these beasts, running away to hide themselves were really afraid of the fox. Therefore, he didn't dare to eat the fox. The idiom "fox assuming tiger's ferocity" comes from the story above, illustrating those who tease people by others' force. source: http://www2.epochtimes.com/gb/csc67_1.htm 寓言故事中英文版---狐假虎威 老虎在森林四处觅食，刚好抓住了狐狸. 狐狸恳求老虎饶它一命，并说：「您不能吃我，我是天帝派来做百兽之王的. 您如果吃了我，就是违抗天帝的命令. 」 老虎放开狐狸，不大信服地望著它. 狐狸继续说：「您如果不相信，就请跟我到森林里去，看看百兽是否一见到我就逃跑. 」 老虎想了会，就跟著狐狸进入森林. 果然，百兽一见到它们，都惊慌地逃跑了.

The Fox That Flaunted The Tiger's Terror The tiger was scouring the forest for prey when he captured the fox. The fox pleaded for his life. "You can't eat me," he told the tiger. "I am sent by the Emperor of Heavens to be the king of all beasts. If you gobble me up, you are defying His Majesty's will." The tiger let go of the fox and looked suspiciously at him. "If you don't believe me, follow me into the forest and see for yourself," continued the fox. "Watch how the animals scamper off at the mere sight of me!" The tiger thought for a moment, then he followed the fox into the forest. Indeed, as soon as the animals caught sight of them, they all trembled and ran away fearfully. 转自：《□仔寓言网》

The author is not unfamiliar with Chinese stories, as she has written a story with a Chinese setting and Chinese characters ("The Magic Paintbrush"). I am not sure if it is based on a Chinese story, or if it is original. I enjoy that book too, and wish the author will comment on whether or not The Gruffalo is inspired by the Chinese fable. It is interesting to note that she had the tiger in mind when she wrote the story, but could not find the rhymes for "tiger", and invented the Gruffalo as a result (see the interview collected in the DVD version of the theatre production of "The Gruffalo"). I wonder if she had the Chinese fable of "The tiger and the fox" in mind then. 61.238.96.18 15:09, 1 March 2007 (UTC) S Chan.

It is interesting that the author used the word "retold". Wonder what the award committees think of this. To be fair, however, the Gruffalo added a first half of the story to the Chinese fable version, and the additions of the body parts (such as prickles and warts), and the rhymes, are original.

Foxtigerfox 16:35, 1 March 2007 (UTC) foxtiger

Spoiler
I reckon we do need a spolier warning! OK so it's a very short kids book but it is a charming one. It would be a shame to spoil it for parents, even if not many kids aged two tto five will be using Wikipedia! Jules1975 14:58, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

Changes?
The section [Further Gruffalo products] mentions changes to the dialogue between versions of the book. Does anyone have any details of the changes? Or perhaps access to the two versions of the book? --SnakeSeries (talk) 03:26, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

Where the Wild Things Are
Has anyone noticed the strong visual resemblance between the depiction of the Gruffalo and the monster on the cover of Maurice Sendak's Where the Wild Things Are? It can't be entirely coincidental. Nuttyskin (talk) 15:14, 7 May 2009 (UTC)

I agree. When I saw this was first published in 1999 I thought it was a mix-up because I remembered the animation from when I was a child - much earlier than 1999. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.149.97.85 (talk) 13:35, 22 June 2009 (UTC)

Doctor Who
A possible footnote, very minor if relevant, is the use of the book as a reader in a Doctor Who episode, The Hungry Earth, first broadcast on BBC One on May 22nd, 2010. A Welsh father reads part of the book with his dyslexic son before going on night shift on a deep crust geology drilling operation. Later as the father settles down to his night work, he takes the book out of his bag and starts to read it. Tasty monster (=TS ) 22:16, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

Tony sideway - next time 'be bold'! If you have the details you can put it in with a reference. I was bold to put in the cameos without a reference - not sure how you reference it, I ought to look extensively through publisher promotional copy but not done that yet! Perhaps we should rename/create section 'In popular culture' for cultural references, as distinct from tie-ins? Kathybramley (talk) 10:06, 21 March 2011 (UTC)

Plot
Can I just say that I though this section was beautifully written. Bikerprof (talk) 19:50, 20 September 2014 (UTC)

Not a hybrid creature
The claim made in this article that the Gruffalo is a hybrid Buffalo-Grizzly Bear appears unfounded (and apparently incorrect).

The article linked in reference 2 includes the paragraph: "The Gruffalo is her invention, whose genesis is a tale she has told many times. 'I intended the book to be about a tiger, but I just couldn't get anything to rhyme with "tiger". It just wasn't working. But then I came up with "Silly old fox, doesn't he know/ there's no such thing as a blank-blank-oh". Then I began with "Grrrr", which I hoped would sound quite scary. Then all I needed was a word of three syllables, ending in "oh". Somehow, "gruffalo" came to mind.'"

I'm not aware of poisonous warts, or purple prickles, afflicting either Grizzlies or Buffalo, so this hybrid claim just doesn't really gel.

Has anyone got any source to indicate that the creature was ever intended as a hybrid by the author? The interview quoted above indicate that this was not her intention; it seems like just a made-up, fantasy creature, with three syllables, ending in "o".

Would it be okay to have that hybrid claim removed from the article? (EDIT - I have waited a few days, and now made the correction.)

(Also, re: reference #1 - the link to The Canberra Times article seems to have died.)

KiwiHadley (talk) 23:36, 14 April 2019 (UTC)KiwiHadley

Translations
I don't think listing translations of the title is necessarily useful. It's probably more useful to discuss any notable or interesting translations. I thought I'd better leave a note here in case I get round to removing that section, as it will be a substantial change to the article.  Unexpected lydian♯4 talk‽  09:47, 20 August 2022 (UTC)

20th Anniversary Edition
Should the 20th Anniversary Edition of The Gruffalo be mentioned in #Publication history. — V ORTEX  3427 (Talk!) 00:13, 3 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Gruffalo


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Windows rg

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. CDC  (talk)  22:30, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

Windows rg
Um, it's, um, just a flash movie game thing. Flash jokes are funny, yes, but not encyclopedic. GarrettTalk 23:04, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn, unencyclopedic. Pavel Vozenilek 23:47, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * It is doubtlessly unencyclopediactic, I confess, but so are many other things in Wikipedia (ex. the JibJab article includes blurbs on many of their minor hits in addition to the obviously encyclopediactic "This Land")
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Herbert Earl Wilton

Herbert Earl Wilton (October 28, 1869 – February 1, 1937) was a Canadian politician.

Born in New Sarum, Ontario, and first employed as a journalist with the Hamilton Spectator and later the Hamilton Herald, Wilton was served as Ward 1 alderman from 1926 to 1928, and then again in 1931. He was defeated for re-election in 1932. In 1933, he defeated incumbent John Peebles.

During his two terms as mayor, he strictly budgeted the city, decreased the debt and lowered taxes.

In 1935, he ran as the Conservative candidate for Member of Parliament for Hamilton West and won, receiving 33.6% of the vote in a five-candidate race. He died in office.

title: Herbert Earl Wilton


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Talk:List of rulers of the Gibe state of Limu-'Enarya

I wanted to update this against the material in C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593-1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), pp. lxxx - lxxxiv, but I can't figure out how make the two agree in a satisfactory manner: the current version of this article disagrees in too many places in too much detail for me to just delete what's here. However, although I do not have any solid proof, I have serious suspicions about the quality of the information here. Caveat emperor! -- llywrch 23:05, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Wasn't Ennarya a province/tributary state of Ethiopia after Amda Seyon I's time? If so, I think this list should specify that. — ዮም   (Yom)  |  contribs  •  Talk  08:56, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Since I wrote the above paragraph, I've learned that Ennarya refers to a region of Ethiopia that is vaguely defined as lying south of the Abbay River, west of Addis Ababa & east of the Dinder River. Originally it was a province of the kingdom of Damot, but then became an independant Sidamo kingdom by the 15th century, & was overrun by the Oromo several generations later, who founded their Limmu kingdom in roughly the same location (which is why it is referred to as "Limmu-Ennarya"). My chief difficulty until now has been to find an authority who will clearly state the facts, rather than vaguely allude to them -- or attempt to hide their ignorance with lots of hand-waving. You'll note that I've replaced the lists from Beckingham/Huntingford with material from Werner J. Lange, who meets that requirement. (Now to properly convert my research into material with verifiable sources -- & make the names consistent.) -- llywrch 18:04, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Hmm...Encyclopaedia Aethiopica recognizes it as a Gibe state, but it also states a couple things that are probably where I got the idea that it was a province (either way, you'd have to define what is required to be a province vs. a vassal vs. independent). It's elite was Christianized by Tekle Haymanot in the early 14th c. & converted again under Serse Dengel, but it also appeared as one of the provinces paying tribute in gold & slaves under Emperor Yeshaq in the soldier's songs and sent soldiers to fight with Wasan Sagad against Ahmad Gragn. It says that some claim it was part ( I guess they mean directly, here) of the state, but it doesn't go on to dismiss or support the claim.

 * ዮም  (Yom)  |  contribs  •  Talk  19:57, 4 June 2006 (UTC)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sally jacks

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. CDC  (talk)  23:04, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

Sally jacks
138 Googles eh Sally? She's real, but terribly non-notable. The article is sweet though. :) GarrettTalk 23:05, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and rename to Sally Jacks. I've done a bit of research and cleaned up the article. I think that her membership in a Eurovision winning group is sufficient notability. Pburka 23:20, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Our Bucks Fizz (band) doesn't mention her. Allmusic.com shows the members of Bucks Fizz not mentioning any person called Sally Jacks see |FIZZ&uid=CAW030507221926&samples=1&sql=11:eauj6j7h71l0~T0 There are severe verifiability problems that she is a member of Bucks Fizz. If she wasn't, then she doesn't appear to meet WP:MUSIC. Capitalistroadster 23:29, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: The h2g2 (hosted by the BBC) indicates that she was a member. Apparently she also fronts a band named New Emotion. Pburka 03:34, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. Sally Jacks was in the second lineup of Bucks Fizz, not the first. JamesBurns 04:54, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Acocil

The acocil (Cambarellus montezumae) is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is endemic to Mexico, where it is known from Jalisco and Puebla.

The name acocil comes from the Nahuatl cuitzilli, meaning "crooked one of the water" or "squirms in the water". It is a traditional foodstuff of the Pre-Columbian Mexicans, who boiled or baked the animal, and ate it in tacos.

This is a common species in its range, becoming abundant in some areas. It can be found in a number of aquatic habitat types, including artificial habitats such as canals. It is found in areas with aquatic vegetation, and it often buries itself among the roots. It can tolerate a relatively wide range of temperatures, pH, and oxygen concentrations.

It is considered to be a least-concern species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) because it is adaptable, its populations are stable, and it faces no major threats. Minor threats include the introduction of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) into the area. The acocil is still a subsistence food source for local people.

title: Acocil


text:
In the Summertime

"In the Summertime" is the debut single by British rock band Mungo Jerry, released in 1970. It reached number one in charts around the world, including seven weeks on the UK Singles Chart, two weeks on one of the Canadian charts, and number three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in the US. It became one of the best-selling singles of all-time, eventually selling 30 million copies. Written and composed by the band's lead singer, Ray Dorset, while working in a lab for Timex, the lyrics of the song celebrate the carefree days of summer. The track was included on the second album by the band, Electronically Tested, issued in March 1971.

Composition and recording
Dorset has said that the song only took 10 minutes to write, which he did using a second-hand Fender Stratocaster, while he was taking time off from his regular job, working in a lab for Timex.

The song was recorded in Pye Studio 1 with Barry Murray producing. Initially it was only two minutes long; to make it longer, Murray played the recording twice, slightly remixing the second half, and put the sound of a motorcycle in the middle. In an interview with Gary James, Dorset explained that they couldn't find a recording of a motorcycle, but that "Howard Barrow, the engineer had an old, well, it wasn't old then, a Triumph sports car, which he drove past the studio while Barry Marrit [sic] was holding the microphone. So, he got the stereo effects from left to right or right to left, whatever. And that was it."

Release
The initial UK release was on Dawn Records, a new label launched by Pye. It was unusual in that it was a maxi single, playing at 33$1⁄3$ rpm, whereas singles generally played at 45 rpm. It included an additional song also written and composed by Dorset, "Mighty Man," on the A-side, and a much longer track, the Woody Guthrie song "Dust Pneumonia Blues," on the B-side. As the record was sold in a picture sleeve, also not standard at the time, and sold at only a few pence more than the normal 45 rpm two-track single, it was considered value for money. A small quantity of 45 rpm discs on the Pye record label, with "Mighty Man" on the B-side, and without a picture sleeve, were pressed for use in jukeboxes. These are now rare collector's items.

In 2012, Dorset sued his former management company Associated Music International, run by his former friend and business manager Eliot Cohen, claiming over £2 million in royalties from the song that he believed had been withheld from him.

Personnel
Credits adapted from the single liner notes for "In the Summertime".
 * Ray Dorset – vocals, electric guitar, 6 string acoustic, cabasa, stomp
 * Paul King – banjo, jug
 * Colin Earl – piano
 * Mike Cole – string bass

The Mixtures version
In 1970, Australian rock band the Mixtures covered and released the song. The song replaced Mungo Jerry's version at number one on the Australian chart, where it remained at number one for six weeks. It was the biggest-selling single by an Australian artist in Australia in 1970 and number three overall.

Shaggy version
In 1995, Jamaican-American reggae musician Shaggy covered the song, and released it as the lead single from his third studio album, Boombastic (1995). Aside from the addition of rap lyrics, Shaggy's version also substitutes other lyrics for the song's original line "have a drink, have a drive." Shaggy also performed the song on an episode of Baywatch. A year after its release, the song was re-recorded and released specifically for the film Flipper under the title "In the Summertime" ('96 version).

Critical reception
Roger Morton from NME felt that Shaggy here has covered "In the Summertime" "in fine jagga-jug band/who gives a shit style." Al Weisel from Rolling Stone described it as "a bouncy, infectious remake of the 1970 Mungo Jerry hit, [that] alternates a soulful chorus with a rapid-fire rap a la Chaka Demus and Pliers' "Murder She Wrote"."

United Kingdom

 * CD single
 * 1) "In the Summertime" (single edit) – 3:46
 * 2) "It No Matter" – 3:56
 * 3) "Gal You a Pepper" – 3:37
 * 4) "In the Summertime" (Sting vs. Shaggy remix) – 4:40

 * 7-inch vinyl and cassette
 * 1) "In the Summertime" (single edit) – 3:46
 * 2) "It No Matter" – 3:56

 * 12-inch vinyl
 * 1) "In the Summertime" (Sting vs. Shaggy remix) – 4:40
 * 2) "In the Summertime" (LP version) – 3:55
 * 3) "In the Summertime" (Drum Dancehall mix) – 3:54

 * 1996 "Flipper" CD single
 * 1) "In the Summertime '96" (original version) – 3:52
 * 2) "In the Summertime '96" (instrumental) – 3:52
 * 3) "Flipper Main Theme" – 3:58

United States

 * CD single
 * 1) "In the Summertime" (single edit) – 3:48
 * 2) "In the Summertime" (LP version) – 3:55
 * 3) "In the Summertime" (Drum Dancehall mix) – 3:54
 * 4) "In the Summertime" (Funk Dance mix) – 3:58
 * 5) "Boombastic" (LP version) – 4:05
 * 6) "Boombastic" (Sting remix) – 4:18

 * 12-inch vinyl
 * 1) "In the Summertime" (LP version) – 3:55
 * 2) "In the Summertime" (Drum Dancehall mix) – 3:54
 * 3) "In the Summertime" (Funk Dance mix) – 3:58
 * 4) "Boombastic" (Sting remix) – 4:18

In other media
The song's lyric "have a drink, have a drive, go out and see what you can find" led to its use in a UK advert for the campaign Drinking and Driving Wrecks Lives. It featured the first verse against people enjoying drinks in a pub during summer, then stopped to show a fatal car accident caused by drink driving. "In the Summertime" has been featured in many feature-length films including 29th Street, Twin Town, The Substitute, Drowning Mona, Mr. Deeds, Stolen Summer, Anita and Me, Wedding Crashers, Wild About Harry, Despicable Me 2, and Dog Days, and X.

title: In the Summertime


text:
GLC (rapper)

Leonard Harris (born December 6, 1977 ), better known by his stage name GLC (short for Gangsta Legendary Crisis ), is an American rapper from Chicago, Illinois. He was formerly a member of the Go Getters.

GLC was featured in "Spaceship" from Kanye West's album The College Dropout (2004), as well as "Drive Slow" from Late Registration (2005). In 2010, GLC released his debut solo studio album, Love, Life & Loyalty.

Studio albums

 * Love, Life & Loyalty (2010)

Singles

 * "Gone" (2014)
 * "Malcolm X" (2014)
 * "Coolout" (2016)
 * "The Flow" (2017)

title: GLC (rapper)


text:
Joel Klein

Joel Irwin Klein (born October 25, 1946) is an American lawyer and school superintendent. He was the Chancellor of the New York City Department of Education, the largest public school system in the United States, serving more than 1.1 million students in more than 1,600 schools. He was succeeded by Cathie Black in January 2011.

New York magazine ranked Klein as one of the most influential people in public education. Klein had never obtained the common formal credentials that one would have to take a leadership role in a public school system, and Klein had a short duration of teaching experience.

Early life and education
Klein grew up in New York City and attended public schools, graduating from William Cullen Bryant High School in Queens in 1963. He attended Columbia University, graduating magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa. He received his J.D. degree from Harvard Law School, again graduating magna cum laude, in 1971. He then clerked for Chief Judge David L. Bazelon on the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit from 1973 until 1974, before then clerking for U.S. Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell.

Career
In 1975, Klein joined the legal team of the Washington, DC, non-profit Mental Health Law Project. The MHLP was an independent non-profit organization that brought class-action suits to establish rights for mentally and developmentally disabled clients. In that capacity, Klein specialized in constitutional and health-care. After working there for a year, he went into private practice, working for five years before founding a law firm with several partners. In the 1990s, Klein served in the White House Counsel's office under President Bill Clinton, before being appointed to the United States Department of Justice. There, he was appointed United States Assistant Attorney General for the Antitrust Division, and in this capacity he was the lead prosecutor in the antitrust case United States v. Microsoft. Prior to his appointment to chancellor in 2002 by Mayor Michael Bloomberg, Klein was counsel to Bertelsmann, an international media group.

Klein was rumored to be one of Barack Obama's candidates for Secretary of Education. Ultimately, the position went to the chief executive officer of Chicago Public Schools, Arne Duncan, then to New York State Education Commissioner John King Jr.

New York City School Chancellor
In 1998, before Klein became Chancellor, the New York City Board of Education transferred responsibility for school safety to the New York City Police Department. Klein has been criticized for not seeking to alter this arrangement or to curb the conduct of the Police Department's school safety agents in the face of allegations of abuse. Klein has praised the work of the school-safety agents in contributing to a decrease in crime in the public schools.

Despite their opposing positions in the Justice Department antitrust case against Microsoft, Klein was able to work with the Gates Foundation to fund the creation of smaller schools in New York City. At the 43 small high schools funded by the Gates Foundation graduation rates are 73% compared to 53% at the schools they replaced. The researchers only examined schools selectively; for example, 33 small schools were omitted from the analysis. According to Bob Herbert, Bill Gates, speaking about the national movement for smaller schools, stated in 2008, that “Simply breaking up existing schools into smaller units often did not generate the gains we were hoping for.”. A series of analyses by the research institute MDRC found that the "Small Schools of Choice" (SSC) had "marked increases in progress toward graduation and in graduation rates" for three successive cohorts of students analyzed (students who entered the SSCs in 2005, 2006, and 2007) compared with other schools, including students of color, compared with students of color at similar schools. (Small Schools of Choice are academically non-selective, small in size, and were structured to be a reasonable choice for students of varying academic backgrounds.)

In 2004, a controversy beset Klein's administration, as two members of his staff—deputy chancellor Diana Lam and lawyer Chad Vignola—both resigned amid accusations of nepotism; she was accused of helping her husband gain employment in the system without following conflicts of interest procedures, and Vignola was accused of trying to cover it up. A report by Schools Investigator Richard Condon found Lam helped her husband get two jobs improperly, and criticized Vignola for falsely claiming that the husband was a volunteer rather than a hired employee.

In 2005, Klein fired Columbia University professor Rashid Khalidi from the teacher training program, reportedly because of Khalidi's political views. After the controversial decision, Columbia University president Lee Bollinger spoke out on Khalidi's behalf, writing: "The department's decision to dismiss Professor Khalidi from the program was wrong and violates First Amendment principles.... The decision was based solely on his purported political views and was made without any consultation and apparently without any review of the facts." The program's creator Mark Willner stated that (Khalidi) "spoke on geography and demography," and that "There was nothing controversial, nothing political."

In 2007, Klein installed a computer system called The Achievement Reporting and Innovation System (ARIS), at a cost of $95 million, with records on 1 million current and former students. Teachers and parents were able to track student progress with the system. After Klein left his job as chancellor to work at the News Corp., a company owned by the News Corp. got a contract for nearly $10 million to manage the system in 2012. Subsequent News Corp. contracts were worth millions more. Klein denied a conflict of interest. Finally, in 2014, the Education Department decided to abandon the system, due to its high cost, limited functionality, and little use by parents and staff.

In 2007, the Klein launched a major redesign of the formula used to fund schools. Previously, funding for teachers had been based on the salaries of the teachers in the building, leading to more funding for schools in schools with students from more affluent backgrounds, as teachers tended to stay at those schools longer (and be relatively better paid than teachers with less experience). Under Klein's "Fair Student Funding" program, schools were given amounts of money based on the enrollment and demographics of students, such as special education and low-income. This eventually accounted for 66% of all funding to schools.

During the Bloomberg Administration, whose educational legacy was largely determined by Klein's chancellorship, graduation rates in New York City went up for all ethnic groups, although the gap between graduation rates between ethnic groups remained stubbornly persistent. From 2005 to 2012, the graduation rate for white students rose from 64% to 78%, for Asian-American students from 63% to 82%, and for Black students from 40% to 60%. Overall, high school graduation rates increased from 54% in 2004 to almost 75% in 2013.

Balanced literacy
Klein played an important role in changing the way that literacy was taught in New York schools. In 2003, he introduced a "balanced literacy" approach that was controversial among education experts who said the approach was unsupported by research. The approach de-emphasized direct instruction, in particular phonics instruction. No curricula existed at the time for this approach, leading Lucy Calkins to write a textbook on the subject in three weeks ahead of the 2003–2004 school year. In 2022, the New Yorker reported that New York was shifting away from this approach to literacy amid controversies over low literacy rates.

News Corporation
On November 9, 2010, Bloomberg announced that Klein would resign as chancellor and would take a position as an executive vice president for News Corporation. Klein's date of departure was not immediately clear but it was later announced that he would be gone at the end of the year. He was replaced by Cathie Black, chairman of Hearst Magazines and former president of USA Today, on January 3, 2011.

On July 6, 2011, Rupert Murdoch, chairman of News Corporation and the company's CEO, announced that Joel Klein would "provide important oversight and guidance" in the internal investigation of phone hacking at News of the World. Klein and fellow director Viet D. Dinh took over the investigation from News International UK Chief Executive Rebekah Brooks, whose own involvement in the phone hacking scandal made her unable to continue as an impartial investigator.

Since joining News Corp, Klein has recruited at least two other executives from the New York City Department of Education. In February 2011, NYCDoE Communications Director Natalie Ravitz announced that she would be joining News Corp as Klein's chief of staff. According to GothamSchools, a nonprofit, non-partisan news website that reports on the New York City schools, "Ravitz is following a well-worn path from the department to NewsCorp: Ex-schools chief Joel Klein, who was chancellor when Ravitz was hired, now heads the company's growing education division. Last summer, Klein picked Kristen Kane, the department's former chief operating officer, to become the division's COO. He also acquired Wireless Generation, the technology company that developed and managed ARIS, the city's school data warehouse."

Oscar Health and Juul Labs
In 2016, Klein became a “top executive” with New York health insurance start-up Oscar Health, which has a focus on technology. In 2021, while still at Oscar, Klein joined the board of Juul Labs, a tobacco company.

Personal life
Klein is married to Nicole Seligman, general counsel to Howard Stringer of Sony Corp. Seligman was on the legal team of then-President Bill Clinton during impeachment proceedings in the United States Senate.

title: Joel Klein


text:
John Peebles

John Peebles (1872 – January 5, 1948) was a Canadian politician. Peebles served as the mayor of Hamilton, Ontario from 1930 to 1933.

Born in Albion Corners, Ontario, Peebles moved to Hamilton as a small child, and eventually established a jewellery business. He was elected as an alderman covering the city at large in 1908. He ran for the Hamilton East seat in the House of Commons in 1911 as a Liberal, but was defeated by incumbent Samuel Barker. He received only 32.6% of the vote.

For several years, he sat on the cemetery board. In 1925, he was again elected, this time as alderman for Ward 3. From 1926 to 1929, he sat on the board of control.

In 1930, he was acclaimed as mayor. He subsequently won re-election three times, until he was defeated in 1934 by Herbert Earl Wilton.

title: John Peebles


text: Talk:Herbert Earl Wilton

title: Talk:Herbert Earl Wilton


text: Talk:John Peebles

title: Talk:John Peebles


text:
William Burton (Canadian politician)

William Burton (December 25, 1888 – October 16, 1944) was a Canadian politician who served as mayor of Hamilton, Ontario, from 1928 to 1929. During the First World War, he served as an officer in the Canadian Expeditionary Force.

Early life
Born in Derby, England, Burton trained and qualified as a surveyor and architect. He emigrated to Hamilton, Canada, in 1907.

Career
He subsequently established the Burton Coal Company.

Enlisting in the 120th City of Hamilton Battalion upon the outbreak of World War I, he became the first private in his unit to be commissioned, and rose to the rank of captain. He later joined the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Hamilton Light Infantry.

In 1924, he was elected as the alderman for Ward 6. He was re-elected to that post in 1925. He served the following two years on the Board of Control.

In December 1927, Burton was elected mayor with one of the largest majorities ever achieved by a mayoral candidate in Hamilton in a two-way race. His victory over long-time board of control member Calvin Davis, following only one week of campaigning, was widely regarded as an "upset". The following year, he was returned to office uncontested.

He served as mayor of Hamilton in 1928 and 1929. During his second year in office, he supported a program to employ war veterans who were amputees as school traffic officers.

Personal life and death
Burton was elected president of the Victoria Curling Club in March 1944. He died on October 16 of that year in the Hamilton General Hospital.

He was a member of the choir at St. Paul's Anglican Church in Westdale. Prior to that, he had been a member of the Church of St. Thomas for many years.

title: William Burton (Canadian politician)


text:
Chen Quan

Chen Quan (born December 1963) is a Chinese pilot selected as part of the Shenzhou program.

Chen was born in Suining, Sichuan, China.

He joined the People's Liberation Army Air Force and became a fighter interceptor pilot and later as a regiment commander in the PLAAF.

Career as an astronaut
Chen was selected to be an astronaut in 1998 and served as commander of the backup crew for Shenzhou 7 which flew in September 2008.

Chen Quan retired from the Astronaut Corps in 2014.

title: Chen Quan


text:
User talk:Chadw1701e

Welcome
Welcome to Wikipedia, the greatest encyclopedia on Earth! You seem to be off to a good start. Hopefully you will soon join the vast army of Wikipediholics!

You may wish to review the welcome page, tutorial, and stylebook, as well as the avoiding common mistakes and Wikipedia is not pages.

Here are some helpful links:
 * Merge, for information about merging, renaming and moving pages.
 * Wikipedia directory is also quite useful.
 * Meet other new users You may want to add yourself to the Wikipedia new user log.
 * Assign edits to your username from before you registered.
 * Be Bold!
 * Don't let grumpy users scare you off.
 * Play nice with others
 * Contribute, Contribute, Contribute!
 * Tell us about you
 * How to upload files and image copyright tags.

By the way, an important tip: To sign comments on talk pages, simply type four tildes, like this: ~~~~. This will automatically add your name and the time after your comments.

Hope to see you around the Wiki! If you have any questions whatsoever, feel free to contact me on my talk page! ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 23:10, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Ti4u jk x211.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Ti4u jk x211.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 02:38, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Nomination of James Kirk (actor) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article James Kirk (actor) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/James Kirk (actor) until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Ricky81682 (talk) 20:56, 12 July 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chadw1701e


text: Talk:William Burton (Canadian politician)


text:
Elitserien

Elitserien (literally, "the Elite League") is the name of several Swedish nationwide sport leagues. In many sports, Elitserien is the highest league, with the second highest named Allsvenskan.

Elitserien leagues at present:
 * Elitserien (badminton)
 * Elitserien (bandy)
 * Elitserien (baseball)
 * Elitserien (chess)
 * Elitserien (men's curling)
 * Elitserien (women's curling)
 * Elitserien (orienteering)
 * Elitserien (men's rugby union)
 * Elitserien (women's rugby union)
 * Elitserien (speedway)
 * Elitserien (tennis)
 * Elitserien (men's volleyball)
 * Elitserien (women's volleyball)
 * Elitserien (water polo)

Leagues formerly named Elitserien:
 * Elitserien (1927–35), the highest ice hockey league 1927–1935
 * Swedish Hockey League, the highest ice hockey league, named Elitserien 1975–2013
 * Swedish Super League (men's floorball), the highest men's floorball league, named Elitserien 1995–2007
 * Swedish Super League (women's floorball), the highest women's floorball league, named Elitserien 1997–2012
 * Elitserien (men's basketball), the highest men's basketball league 1954–1992, now Basketligan
 * Elitserien (women's basketball), the highest women's basketball league 1957–2001, now Basketligan dam
 * Elitserien (women's bandy)
 * Elitserien (men's table tennis)
 * Elitserien (women's table tennis)
 * Handbollsligan, called Elitserien between 1990-2016
 * Svensk handbollselit, called Elitserien between 1989-2016

title: Elitserien


text:
Freeman Ferrier Treleaven

Freeman Ferrier Treleaven, (October 8, 1884 – October 30, 1952) was a lawyer and Canadian politician.

Born in London, Ontario, Treleaven graduated the University of Toronto and Osgoode Hall Law School. He subsequently moved to Hamilton, Ontario, where in 1919, he was elected as alderman for Ward 1. He served in this post until he was elected to the Board of Control in 1922. After four years on the Board of Control, he was elected mayor in 1926 and served two one-year terms.

title: Freeman Ferrier Treleaven


text:
File:AerosmithGreatestHits.jpg

Fair use in Greatest Hits (Aerosmith album)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:AerosmithGreatestHits.jpg


text:
Daniel Kan

Daniel Marinus Kan (or simply Dan Kan) (August 4, 1927 – August 4, 2013) was a Dutch mathematician working in category theory and homotopy theory. He was a prolific contributor to both fields for six decades, having authored or coauthored several dozen research papers and monographs.

Career
He received his Ph.D. at Hebrew University in 1955, under the direction of Samuel Eilenberg. His students include Aldridge K. Bousfield, William Dwyer, Stewart Priddy, Emmanuel Dror Farjoun, and Jeffrey H. Smith. He was an emeritus professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he taught from 1959, formally retiring in 1993.

Work
He played a role in the beginnings of modern homotopy theory similar to that of Saunders Mac Lane in homological algebra, namely the adroit and persistent application of categorical methods. His most famous work is the abstract formulation of the discovery of adjoint functors, which dates from 1958. The Kan extension is one of the broadest descriptions of a useful general class of adjunctions.

From the mid-1950s he made distinguished contributions to the theory of simplicial sets and simplicial methods in topology in general. In recognition of this, fibrations in the usual closed model category structure on the category of simplicial sets are known as Kan fibrations, and the fibrant objects are known as Kan complexes.

Some of Kan's later work concerned model categories and other homotopical categories. Especially noteworthy are his work with Aldridge Bousfield on completions and homotopy limits, and his work with William Dwyer on simplicial localizations of relative categories.

title: Daniel Kan


text: Talk:Freeman Ferrier Treleaven

title: Talk:Freeman Ferrier Treleaven


text:
Geoff Kresge

Geoff Kresge is a songwriter, guitarist, bassist, and record producer.

Career
] Kresge played with the punk group AFI for most of their early career, from 1992 through 1997, and co-wrote the majority of their early material alongside frontman Davey Havok. During an AFI hiatus in 1993, he briefly moved to New York to join street punk band Blanks 77. He later went on to play with Canadian horror rock group The Forbidden Dimension and also a high-energy rock band, The Daggers.

Kresge joined psychobilly band Tiger Army in 1999 just as the band became a full-time touring band, hitting the road in support of their debut album though he played an electric bass in his previous bands, the upright bass is used for Tiger Army's music. He appeared as standup bassist on the band's next two full-length albums, Tiger Army II: Power of Moonlite and Tiger Army III: Ghost Tigers Rise, and in each of the videos from those records. In September 2004 he announced his departure from Tiger Army. He cofounded the band Viva Hate with longtime friend Matt "Wedge" Wedgley (formerly of The Force) and joined the HorrorPops on guitar, not long afterward. He cowrote and played guitar on the band's second album, Bring It On!.

In July 2007, Kresge announced that he had left HorrorPops and disbanded Dead Body Records, stating that he wished to dedicate full attention to Viva Hate, which was followed by an American tour in support of Sick of it All and Madball.

Tiger Army's official website announced Kresge's return to the band in January 2008.

In February 2014, Kresge announced he would be leaving Tiger Army for the second and final time via a statement on his Facebook page. He stated that "Tiger Army has been off the road since the end of 2008 and has not released an album since the year before. The fans all around the world have been hungry for new music and tour announcements for the past five years. I’ve finally accepted that if I want to remain a full-time musician, it’s time for me to move on."

As of 2018 Kresge has been playing bass for Californian hardcore punk band, Fear.

With AFI

 * Dork 7-inch EP (1993, Key Lime Pie Records)
 * Behind the Times 7-inch EP (1993, Key Lime Pie Records)
 * Eddie Picnic's All Wet live 7-inch EP (1994, Key Lime Pie Records)
 * This Is Berkeley, Not West Bay 7-inch EP (1994, Zafio Records)
 * Fly in the Ointment 7-inch (1995, Wedge Records)
 * Bombing the Bay split 7-inch with Swingin' Utters (1995, Sessions Records)
 * featuring AFI's cover of "Values Here," by Dag Nasty
 * AFI/Heckle Split "7" with Heckle (late 1995, Wingnut Records)
 * Answer That and Stay Fashionable (1995, Wingnut Records; re-released in 1997 on Nitro Records)
 * Very Proud of Ya (1996, Nitro Records)
 * Sing the Sorrow (background vocals) (2003, DreamWorks Records)

With Blanks 77

 * Shut Up And Pogo (1993, Self-Released)

With The Daggers

 * She Told Me She Said 7-inch vinyl (1998, Sloth Records)
 * Right Between the Eyes (2002, Sloth Records)

With Tiger Army
Compilation appearances
 * Temptation EP (Featured as producer) (1997, Chapter Eleven Records)
 * Tiger Army II: Power of Moonlite (2001, Hellcat Records)
 * Early Years EP (Background vocals) (2002, Hellcat Records)
 * Ghost Tigers EP "10" (2004, Hellcat Records)
 * Tiger Army III: Ghost Tigers Rise (2004, Hellcat Records)
 * Rose Of The Devil's Garden "7" (2006, Hellcat Records)
 * Music from Regions Beyond (Background vocals) (2007, Hellcat Records)
 * Give 'Em the Boot III (2002, Hellcat Records)
 * Track 13 – "Power of Moonlite"
 * Give 'Em the Boot IV (2004, Hellcat Records)
 * Track 03 – "Atomic"
 * Give 'Em the Boot V (2006, Hellcat Records)
 * Track 04 – "Swift Silent Deadly"
 * Nightmare Revisited (2008, Disney)
 * Bonus Track - "Ooogie Boogie's Song" (Backing Vocals)

With HorrorPops

 * Bring It On! (2005, Hellcat Records)

With Viva Hate

 * Hateful and Hollow Demo CD (2007, self-released)
 * Save Me 7-inch EP (2008, Black Cat Records)
 * Goodnight My Love (EP) 7-inch EP (2010, Black Cat Records)

Other

 * Heckle - We're Not Laughing With You (Co-Producer, Backing Vocals) (Wingnut Records, 1996)
 * The Force - "I Don’t Like You Either" (Co-Writer on "Star Destroyer", Backing Vocals) (Spider Club Music, 1997)
 * Nekromantix – Brought Back to Life Again (Digital Editing) (2005)
 * 12 Step Rebels – Go Go Graveyard Rockin' with 12 Step Rebels (Featured as producer) (2005) Dead Body Records
 * Graveyard Shift – Rest Without Peace (Featured as producer) (2005) Dead Body Records
 * Mr. Cliff Greenwood – Musical Heritage (Digital Editing) (2006) Dead Body Records

title: Geoff Kresge


text:
Talk:Daniel Kan

Untitled
If anyone has more biographical info that would be great. I can't find his birthdate anywhere. Dave Rosoff 23:13, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * The 4/8/1927 now appears. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.79.29.112 (talk) 09:17, 20 July 2017 (UTC)

Jewish
Why is his ethnicity stated in the main description of the person? I don't think this is standard practice, and while I'm sure nothing sinister was meant it comes off as a bit racist. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 163.1.81.42 (talk) 15:40, 27 November 2018 (UTC)

I don't know. It was stupid: I corrected: jewish --> dutch.--94.36.153.1 (talk) 19:35, 16 March 2019 (UTC)

Holocaust survivor
According to Brouwer's wikipedia page Kan survived Bergen-Belsen, see here as well. This seems like it should be mentioned. 2600:8802:2619:E400:F999:C2F5:F473:3ECA (talk) 20:59, 1 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Daniel Kan


text: User talk:81.151.203.61

title: User talk:81.151.203.61


text:
Hara-Kiri (magazine)

Hara-Kiri was a monthly French satirical magazine, first published in 1960, the precursor to Charlie Hebdo. It was created by Georges Bernier, François Cavanna and Fred Aristidès. A weekly counterpart, Hara-Kiri Hebdo, was first published in 1969.

Contributors included Melvin Van Peebles, Reiser, Roland Topor, Moebius, Wolinski, Gébé, Cabu,, Fournier, Jean-Pierre Bouyxou and Willem. In 1966 it published Les Aventures de Jodelle, drawn by Guy Peellaert.

Hara-Kiri editions, subtitled "Journal bête et méchant" ("Stupid and nasty newspaper"), were constantly aiming at established social structures, be they political parties or institutions like the Church or the state. In 1961 and 1966 the monthly magazine was temporarily banned by the French government.

Hara-Kiri Hebdo becomes Charlie Hebdo
In November 1970, following the death of Charles de Gaulle at his home in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises, the weekly Hara-Kiri Hebdo bore the headline « Bal tragique à Colombey : 1 mort » (Eng: "Tragic ball in Colombey: 1 death").

By way of contradistinction, the choice of the title refers to the far greater loss of life the same month: a fire at a discothèque in which 146 mostly young people died. The government felt this editorial choice was an offence of lèse-majesté against the deceased President, and its then minister of the interior Raymond Marcellin ordered an immediate and permanent ban on publicity and on sale to minors.

Charlie Hebdo was started immediately afterwards. Charlie in the title refers to General de Gaulle (said Georges Wolinski); but it was also the name of another magazine from Éditions du Square Charlie Mensuel, named after the character Charlie Brown from Charles M. Schulz's Peanuts.

title: Hara-Kiri (magazine)


text:
Thomas William Jutten

Thomas William Jutten (June 15, 1861 – April 10, 1955) was a Canadian politician.

Born in London, England, Jutten moved to Canada with his family in 1871, settling in Hamilton, Ontario. In 1881, he married Suzanne Keil. He owned a boatbuilding business. Juttern served as an alderman from 1906 to 1913 and on the Board of Control from 1914 to 1920. In 1921, he unsuccessfully ran for mayor of the city, losing to George Charles Coppley. He tried again in 1923 and was elected. He served in this post until 1925.

In 1926, he became the Conservative Member of Provincial Parliament for Hamilton Centre and served until he was defeated in 1934.

title: Thomas William Jutten


text: Talk:Thomas William Jutten

title: Talk:Thomas William Jutten


text:
Plume tectonics

Plume tectonics is a geoscientific theory that finds its roots in the mantle doming concept which was especially popular during the 1930s and initially did not accept major plate movements and continental drifting. It has survived from the 1970s until today in various forms and presentations. It has slowly evolved into a concept that recognises and accepts large-scale plate motions such as envisaged by plate tectonics, but placing them in a framework where large mantle plumes are the major driving force of the system. The initial followers of the concept during the first half of the 20th century are scientists like Beloussov and van Bemmelen, and recently the concept has gained interest especially in Japan, through new compiled work on palaeomagnetism, and is still advocated by the group of scientists elaboration upon Earth expansion. It is nowadays generally not accepted as the main theory to explain the driving forces of tectonic plate movements, although numerous modulations on the concept have been proposed.

The theory focuses on the movements of mantle plumes under tectonic plates, viewing them as the major driving force of movements of (parts of) the Earth's crust. In its more modern form, conceived in the 1970s, it tries to reconcile in one single geodynamic model the horizontalistic concept of plate tectonics, and the verticalistic concepts of mantle plumes, by the gravitational movement of plates away from major domes of the Earth's crust. The existence of various supercontinents in Earth history and their break-up has been associated recently with major upwellings of the mantle.

It is classified together with mantle convection as one of the mechanism that are used to explain the movements of tectonic plates. It also shows affinity with the concept of hot spots which is used in modern-day plate tectonics to generate a framework of specific mantle upwelling points that are relatively stable throughout time and are used to calibrate the plate movements using their location together with paleomagnetic data. Another affinity is the concept of surge tectonics which envisage flows through the mantle as major driving forces of Plate Tectonics.

title: Plume tectonics


text: User talk:69.161.1.156

title: User talk:69.161.1.156


text:
David Leland

David Leland (20 April 1941 – 24 December 2023) was a British film director, screenwriter and actor who came to international fame with his directorial debut Wish You Were Here in 1987.

Life and career
Leland initially trained as an actor at Central School of Speech and Drama. In 1963, he was part of the breakaway group of Central staff and students who formed Drama Centre London along with fellow students including actor and later theatre director Jack Shepherd and Jon Lord, later keyboard player and co-founder of rock band Deep Purple and Whitesnake. After several small parts as actor he began his collaboration with British television director Alan Clarke in 1981. Their film Made in Britain was well received and featured the first screen role of actor Tim Roth. Made in Britain won the Prix Italia (an international Television award) in 1984. In 1986, Leland and director Neil Jordan co-wrote the screenplay for the thriller-drama Mona Lisa, featuring Bob Hoskins. With Jordan, he was nominated for BAFTA, Golden Globe and Writers Guild of America awards.

Leland then wrote Personal Services in 1986. It was directed by Terry Jones and concerned Cynthia Payne, a real-life British madam who ran a private brothel. Julie Walters took the leading role. While Personal Services dealt with the adult life of Cynthia Payne, Leland's next film, Wish You Were Here, concerned her teenage years. This film was a success at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival and it made the young British actress Emily Lloyd a star. It was awarded the FIPRESCI-Award at Cannes and the BAFTA for best screenplay.

In 1991, Leland directed the successful stage musical A Tribute to the Blues Brothers, which played on the West End and then toured for ten years in the UK and Australia.

Leland's next two films, Checking Out (with Jeff Daniels) and The Big Man (with Liam Neeson), failed at the box office and with the critics but have since been successful in the private market. In 1997, Leland co-wrote and directed The Land Girls starring Rachel Weisz and Anna Friel and, in 2000, wrote and directed Episode 6 of the HBO Miniseries Band of Brothers.

In 2012, Leland joined the Showtime series The Borgias as co-showrunner and executive producer (alongside Neil Jordan, whom he had worked with on Mona Lisa), writing the last five episodes of its second season and directing its last two episodes. He described his stint as co-showrunner and executive producer as a "hands-on" experience and having to commit to extensive research on the Renaissance.

After the death of his friend George Harrison, Leland was closely involved in the former Beatle's memorial, Concert for George, and directed a cinematic documentary of the night to be put on general release, the DVD of which went platinum. The documentary also won a Grammy Award. His also directed the Dino De Laurentiis produced Virgin Territory, released in 2007.

Leland died on 24 December 2023, at the age of 82.

Actor

 * Big Breadwinner Hog (television series) (1969) as Grange
 * 1917 (1970) as Felix
 * Scars of Dracula (1970) as 1st Policeman
 * One Brief Summer (1970) as Peter
 * The Last of the Mohicans (television series) (1971) as David the psalmodist
 * The Pied Piper (1972) as Officer
 * Gawain and the Green Knight (1973) as Humphrey
 * Time Bandits (1981) as Puppeteer
 * The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (1981) (television series; episode #4) as Majikthise
 * The Missionary (1982) as Long Haired Man at Gin Palace
 * The Jewel in the Crown (1984) (television series; season 1, episode #10: An Evening at the Maharanee's) as Captain Purvis
 * Personal Services (1987) as Mr. Pilkington
 * When Saturday Comes (1996) as Priest

Screenwriter

 * Made in Britain (Director: Alan Clarke)
 * R.H.I.N.O.; Really Here in Name Only (Director: Jane Howell)
 * Birth of a Nation (Director: Mike Newell)
 * Flying Into the Wind (Director: Edward Bennett)
 * Mona Lisa (Director: Neil Jordan)
 * Personal Services (Director: Terry Jones)
 * The White River Kid (Director: Arne Glimcher)
 * The Borgias (TV series, also executive producer and episode director; creator: Neil Jordan)

Director

 * Films
 * Wish You Were Here (1987)
 * Checking Out (1988)
 * The Big Man (1990)
 * The Land Girls (1998)
 * Concert for George (2003)
 * Virgin Territory a.k.a. Mediaeval Pie (2007)

 * Television
 * Band of Brothers (part No. 6 "Bastogne") (2001)
 * The Borgias (episode 9; also writer and executive producer of the series; 2012)

Awards and nominations

 * 2005 Grammy Award for Best Long Form Video (Concert for George)
 * 2002 Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special (''Band of Brothers')
 * 2002 Christopher Award for best miniseries (Band of Brothers)
 * 1988 BAFTA Award for best screenplay (Wish You Were Here)
 * 1987 FIPRESCI Award International Cannes Film Festival (Wish You Were Here)
 * 1987 Peter Sellers Award for Comedy (Evening Standard British Film Awards) (Wish You Were Here and Personal Services)
 * 1986 Writers Guild of America Nomination (Mona Lisa)
 * 1986 Golden Globe Nomination (Mona Lisa)

title: David Leland


text:
George Charles Coppley

George Charles Coppley (March 18, 1858 – October 15, 1936) was the mayor of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada from 1921 to 1922.

Born in Chelmsford, Essex, England, Coppley came to Canada in 1879. In 1921, he was elected mayor. Again elected in 1922, he restructured Hamilton's government. He was defeated in 1923 by Thomas William Jutten.

title: George Charles Coppley


text:
Deng Qingming

Deng Qingming (born 16 March 1966) is a Chinese People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps (PLAAC) taikonaut selected as part of the Shenzhou program.

Early life
He was born into a family of farming background in the Yihuang County, Jiangxi, on 16 March 1966. He is the eldest of five children in the family.

Career
A fighter pilot in the People's Liberation Army Air Force, he was selected to be an astronaut in 1998.

He was announced as a backup member of Shenzhou 9, Shenzhou 10, Shenzhou 11 and Shenzhou 12 before finally being selected as one of the three crew members of Shenzhou 15. After 24 years of training, in November 2022 he successfully blasted off on the mission to the Tiangong space station, where he stayed for 183 days before returning to Earth in June 2023.

Personal life
His daughter was born in 1991 and now works in the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center.

title: Deng Qingming


text: Talk:George Charles Coppley

title: Talk:George Charles Coppley


text: User talk:70.106.160.121

title: User talk:70.106.160.121


text:
Charles Goodenough Booker

Charles Goodenough Booker (April 24, 1859 – April 3, 1926) was the mayor of Hamilton, Ontario from 1917 to 1920.

In 1904, Booker ran for the Board of Education in Ward 1 unsuccessfully. In 1906, he successfully sought the post again and served for nine years. In 1915, he was chairman of the board.

When he ran for mayor in 1917, he was not expected to win. He was subsequently re-elected until 1920.

title: Charles Goodenough Booker


text: Talk:Charles Goodenough Booker

title: Talk:Charles Goodenough Booker


text:
Roth 401(k)

The Roth 401(k) is a type of retirement savings plan. It was authorized by the United States Congress under the Internal Revenue Code, section 402A, and represents a unique combination of features of the Roth IRA and a traditional 401(k) plan. Since January 1, 2006, U.S. employers have been allowed to amend their 401(k) plan document to allow employees to elect Roth IRA type tax treatment for a portion or all of their retirement plan contributions. The same change in law allowed Roth IRA type contributions to 403(b) retirement plans. The Roth retirement plan provision was enacted as a provision of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (EGTRRA 2001).

Traditional 401(k) plan
In a traditional 401(k) plan, introduced by Congress in 1978, employees contribute pre-tax earnings to their retirement plan, also called "elective deferrals". That is, an employee's elective deferral funds are set aside by the employer in a special account where the funds are allowed to be invested in various options made available in the plan. The IRS sets a limit on the amount of funds deferred in this way, and includes a "catch up" provision intended to allow older workers to save for their approaching retirement. These limits are adjusted each year to reflect changes in the cost of living due to inflation. For tax-year 2019, this limit is $19,500 for those under age 50, and $26,000 for those 50 and over.

Employers may also add funds to the account by contributing matching funds on a fractional formula basis (e.g., matching funds might be added at the rate of 50% of employees' elective deferrals), or on a set percentage basis. Funds within the 401(k) account grow on a tax deferred basis. When the account owner reaches the age of 59½, he or she may begin to receive "qualified distributions" from the funds in the account; these distributions are then taxed at ordinary income tax rates. Exceptions exist to allow distribution of funds before 59½, such as "substantially equal periodic payments", disability, and separation from service after the age of 55, as outlined under IRS Code section 72(t).

Roth IRA
Under a Roth IRA, first enacted in 1998, individuals, whether employees or self-employed, voluntarily contribute post-tax funds to an individual retirement arrangement (IRA). In contrast to the 401(k) plan, the Roth plan requires post-tax contributions, but allows for tax free growth and distribution, provided the contributions have been invested for at least 5 years and the account owner has reached age 59½. Roth IRA contribution limits are significantly lower than 401(k) contribution limits. For tax years 2016 and 2017, individuals could contribute no more than $5,500 per year to a Roth IRA if under age 50, and $6,500 if age 50 or older. For tax years 2019, 2020, and 2021, contributions up to $6,000 are permitted under age 50, or $7,000 if 50 or older. Additionally, Roth IRA contribution limits are reduced for taxpayers with a Modified Adjusted Gross Income (modified AGI) greater than $125,000 ($198,000 for married filing jointly), phasing out entirely for individuals with a modified AGI of $140,000 ($208,000 for married filing jointly), for 2021. See 401(k) versus IRA matrix that compares various types of IRAs with various types of 401(k)s.

Roth 401(k) plans
The Roth 401(k) combines some of the most advantageous aspects of both the 401(k) and the Roth IRA. Under the Roth 401(k), employees may contribute funds on a post-tax elective deferral basis, in addition to or instead of pre-tax elective deferrals under their traditional 401(k) plans. An employee's combined elective deferrals whether to a traditional 401(k), a Roth 401(k), or both cannot exceed the IRS limits for deferral of the traditional 401(k). Employers' matching funds are not included in the elective deferral cap but are considered for the maximum section 415 limit, which is $58,000 for 2021, or $64,500 for those age 50 and older. The higher section 415 limit also applies to after tax contributions, which, depending on the specific 401(k), might be convertible into a Roth 401(k) later.

Employers are permitted to make matching contributions on employees' designated Roth contributions. However, employers' contributions cannot receive the Roth tax treatment. The matching contributions made on account of designated Roth contributions must be allocated to a pre-tax account, just as matching contributions are on traditional, pre-tax elective contributions. (Pub 4530)

In general, the difference between a Roth 401(k) and a traditional 401(k) is that income contributed to the Roth version is taxable in the year it is earned, but income contributed to the traditional version is taxable in the year in which it is distributed from the account. Furthermore, earnings on the traditional version are taxable income in the year they are distributed, but earnings on the Roth version are never taxable.

There are restrictions on the nontaxability of Roth earnings: typically, the distribution must be made at least 5 years after the first Roth contribution and after the recipient is age 59 ½.

A Roth 401(k) plan is probably most advantageous to those who might otherwise choose a Roth IRA, such as younger workers who are currently taxed in a lower tax bracket but expect to be taxed in a higher bracket upon reaching retirement age. Higher-income workers may prefer a traditional 401(k) plan because they are currently taxed in a higher tax bracket but would expect to be taxed at a lower rate in retirement; also, those near the Roth IRA income limits may prefer a traditional 401(k) since its pre-tax contributions lowers Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) and thus increases eligibility for various other tax incentives (Roth IRA contributions, the Child Tax Credit, medical expense deduction, etc.). Another consideration for those currently in higher tax brackets is the future of income tax rates in the US: if income tax rates increase, current taxation would be desirable for a wider group). The Roth 401(k) offers the advantage of tax free distribution but is not constrained by the same income limitations. For example, in tax year 2013, normal Roth IRA contributions are limited to $5,500 ($6,500 if age 50 or older); up to $17,500 could be contributed to a Roth 401(k) account if no other elective deferrals were taken for the tax year, such as traditional 401(k) deferrals.

Adoption of Roth 401(k) plans has been relatively slow, partly because they require additional administrative recordkeeping and payroll processing. However some larger firms have now adopted Roth 401(k) plans, which is expected to spur their adoption by other firms including smaller ones. IRS Raises 2022 401(k) Contribution Limit to $20,500, a $1,000 boost from 2021 contribution limits.

Additional considerations

 * Roth 401(k) contributions are irrevocable; once money is invested into a Roth 401(k) account, it cannot be moved to a regular 401(k) account.
 * Employees can roll their Roth 401(k) contributions over to a Roth IRA account upon termination of employment.
 * It is the employer's decision whether to provide access to the Roth 401(k) in addition to the traditional 401(k). Many employers find that the added administrative burden outweighs the benefits of the Roth 401(k).
 * The Roth 401(k) program was originally set up to sunset after 2010, along with the rest of EGTRRA 2001. The Pension Protection Act of 2006 extended it.
 * Until the end of 2022, owners of Roth 401(k) accounts (designated Roth accounts) must begin distributions at age 72, as with IRAs and other retirement plans. (Pub 4530)
 * Starting in 2023, the SECURE 2.0 Act of 2022 changes the age when distributions must begin to 73.
 * Starting in 2024, the SECURE 2.0 Act of 2022 removes the requirement to take distributions from Roth 401(k) accounts, making them more similar to Roth IRAs.
 * Employees need to consider their current tax rates to future tax rates to determine if a Roth 401(k) should be chosen over a traditional account.

title: Roth 401(k)


text:
Candelaria, Tenerife

Candelaria, also Villa Mariana de Candelaria, is a municipality and city in the eastern part of the island of Tenerife in the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, in the Canary Islands, Spain. The city is located on the coast, 17 km southwest of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. The population is 25,140 (2010 ), and the area is 49.18 km².

The town is noted by Catholicsin in Spain and Latin America as a place of veneration of the Virgin of Candelaria, the patron of the Canary Islands. The most prominent building is the Basilica of Candelaria, which holds the sculpture of the Virgin Mary and murals. Also highlighted on the square are statues of the nine aboriginal kings of Tenerife.

In the times of the historic Guanche, the region was part of the menceyato, or kingdom, of Güímar. A sacred cave is situated near Candelaria that is believed to have been a place of indigenous worship for more than 3,000 years.

Since 1995 the Festival de la Canción de Candelaria has become one of the most important festivities on the island. It celebrated its 10th anniversary in 2005.

Etymology of the name
In pre-Hispanic epochs, this zone pertained to Güímar's aboriginal Menceyato. It was accepted that the aboriginal name of the zone was simply "Güímar" as the whole menceyato.

After the conquest, the Spanish renamed the zone as "Candelaria", in honor of their virgin patron saint of the archipelago, the Virgin of Candelaria.

History
The town of Candelaria is surrounded by several prehistoric caves, where burials have been found containing mummies of the Guanche. Their burial process is considered very similar to the ritual treatment of the pharaohs in Egypt.

In 1390, the area of Candelaria was a solitary, deserted place where the Guanche of Güimar's menceyato (Güímar's pre-Hispanic kingdom) kept livestock for grazing. Accounts of the sighting of a sacred image vary. Two native herders were said to follow goats to a rock showing it.

Another oral history account told of the rock image being found on a beach near Candelaria. The Guanche told of moving the rock image to the Cave of Chinguaro, the palace of the King of Güímar. But later, the same Guanche were said to move her to Cueva de Achbinico in Candelaria, and there it has been venerated since. The aboriginals identified her with their goddess Chaxiraxi (the mother of the gods). but

The Christian Spanish conquerors later insisted that the image was the Virgin Mary. Later they constructed a hermitage and the Basilica to Santa Maria. They later designated her as the principal patron saint of the Canary Islands.

In the 21st century, Candelaria is the principal Catholic center of pilgrimage of the Canaries and one of the principal ones of Spain. It also attracts tourists to the island's other sites.

At the basilica there is a statue of the Virgin of Candelaria, which is dressed in mantles and jewels. The image is taken out in procession every February 2 (Catholic day of Candelaria) and August 15 (day of the Patron of Canaries). The latter date was originally that of the former aboriginal celebration known as Beñesmen, for the harvest.

The Spanish clergy took over August 15 to celebrate the Catholic Virgin Mary, stating that she had appeared to the people on those two dates. The Virgin of Candelaria is also venerated by the Hindu ethnic Indian community of the Canaries, who refer to her as the black virgin.

Sites of interest

The municipality has a beach located to the east and is famous for tourism. Candelaria's municipality hosts the annual peregrination of the Virgin (on February 2 and on August 15; the latter is the most important as the Patron Saint's Day).

Pilgrims also visit the city in other seasons. The principal stops of any visit are the Basilica of Candelaria and Cueva de Achbinico, but there are other places of interest in the village:

Basilica of Candelaria
The first great Sanctuary to the Virgin of Candelaria was constructed in 1668. Later with the increase in the number of pilgrims and worshippers, the church decided to build the current basilica, which has capacity for 5,000 persons.

Built in 1959, the basilica was constructed on the site and using some materials of a former hermitage. It is located on one side of what is now called the Plaza de la Patrona de Canarias. The basilica is in the south part of the city, adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean.

Next to the basilica is the Dominican convent of the religious order in charge of the sanctuary. The basilica has numerous murals in addition to the sculpture of the Virgin Mary. The Royal Basilica Marian Shrine of Our Lady of Candelaria is considered the main temple dedicated to the Virgin Mary in the Canary Islands.

Cueva de Achbinico
Also alled Cave of San Blas, it was the first Christian temple of the Canary Islands. Here the Guanche and Spanish worshipped the Virgin of Candelaria.

According to recent archaeological studies, layers of ash left by previous indigenous peoples have been carbon-14 dated to more than three thousand years. It appears that the people maintained a permanent fire, perhaps similar to that of the Vestal Virgins of ancient Rome.

Plaza de la Patrona de Canarias
The Plaza de la Patrona de Canarias (Square of the Saint Patron of the Canary Islands) is situated at the center of Candelaria. It is next to the Basilica of Candelaria.

Also around the square are bars and cafes frequented by residents and tourists. On one side of the square are statues of the nine 'kings' who ruled the nine aboriginal guanches menceyatos (pre-Hispanic kingdoms) of Tenerife.

Calle Obispo Pérez Cáceres
This is the main shopping street. Stores feature souvenirs, religious imagery, and crafts. The street runs parallel to the coast and the promenade of the city to the Plaza de la Patrona de Canarias and the Basilica of Candelaria.

Iglesia de Santa Ana
This church is dedicated to St. Anne, mother of the Virgin Mary. It is the parish church of Candelaria. The church was constructed in the mid-eighteenth century, but incorporated an earlier sixteenth-century chapel. It has many religious images.

Festivals

 * Virgin of Candelaria, Liturgical Feast: February 2.
 * Saint Blaise: 3 February.
 * Carnival of Candelaria: February–March in the year, before Lent; carnival street bands perform.
 * Festival Intercultural India - Canarias, "Intercultural Festival India - Canary Islands": First Sunday in May.
 * Virgin of Carmen and Saint Anne: July 16 and July 26 respectively.
 * Festival de la Canción de Candelaria, "Festival of Candelaria Song": Held in July since 1995, it has become an important festival in the islands.
 * Virgin of Candelaria, Popular Festival: 14 to 15 August (central days).

Sister cities

 * [[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|20px]] Arafo, Tenerife, Spain
 * [[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|20px]] Güímar, Tenerife, Spain
 * [[Image:Flag of Cuba.svg|20px]] Candelaria, Cuba
 * [[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|20px]] Teror, Gran Canaria, Spain
 * [[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|20px]] Rota, Cádiz, Spain

title: Candelaria, Tenerife