text:
STS-119

STS-119 (ISS assembly flight 15A) was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) which was flown by Space Shuttle Discovery during March 2009. It delivered and assembled the fourth starboard Integrated Truss Segment (S6), and the fourth set of solar arrays and batteries to the station. The launch took place on March 15, 2009, at 19:43 EDT. Discovery successfully landed on March 28, 2009, at 15:13 pm EDT.

Crew notes
This mission was originally scheduled to bring the Expedition 9 crew to the ISS. This crew would have consisted of:

Mission payload
STS-119 delivered the S6 solar arrays to the space station, completing the construction of the Integrated Truss Structure. STS-119 also carried several experiments, including the Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Local EXhaust (SIMPLEX), Shuttle Exhaust Ion Turbulence Experiments (SEITE), and Maui Analysis of Upper Atmospheric Injections (MAUI). STS-119 was also used for the "Boundary Layer Transition Detailed Test Objective" experiment. One tile of the thermal protection system was raised 0.25 in above the others so that, at about Mach 15 during reentry, a boundary layer transition would be initiated. This experiment was repeated during STS-128 with the tile raised to 0.35 in, tripping at Mach 18 to produce more heat.

Mission background

 * 156th NASA crewed space flight
 * 125th shuttle mission since STS-1
 * 36th Flight of Discovery
 * 100th post-Challenger mission
 * 12th post-Columbia mission
 * 28th shuttle mission to the International Space Station

Shuttle processing

moved from its Orbiter Processing Facility to the Vehicle Assembly Building on January 7, 2009. The payload of the S6 truss segment, solar arrays and batteries were delivered to Launch pad 39A on January 11. Discovery moved to the launch pad 39A on January 14, 2009. The move began at 05:17 EST, and was completed at 12:16 EST.

The STS-119 crew was at Kennedy Space Center from January 19–22, 2009 for the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test. On January 21–22, 2009, mission managers met for the program level Flight Readiness Review (FRR). Following the FRR, mission managers recommended evaluating the hydrogen flow control valves on Discovery, and set a new target launch date of February 19, 2009.

Due to the breakage of one of three flow control valves on the previous flight, STS-126, the flow valves of all orbiters were subjected to tests to determine if Discovery was safe to fly. These valves are used to synchronize the flow of gaseous hydrogen between the external fuel tank and the main engines, creating an even flow. Following the testing of the valves, mission managers decided to postpone the launch, and engineers were asked to replace the suspect flow valves with valves that had less flight time.

Following the replacement of the valves, the Mission Management Team gave the approval for launch, and scheduled it for March 11, 2009. The astronauts arrived at the Kennedy Space Center on March 8, 2009, to prepare for launch. The March 11, 2009, launch was scrubbed due to a leak in a liquid hydrogen vent line between the shuttle and the external tank. On March 15, 2009, the shuttle successfully lifted off from pad 39A. The leak problem manifested itself again during STS-127 which led to a thorough test. The root cause was found to be a misalignment in the GUCP (Ground Umbilical Carrier Plate) which was set right leading to a successful flight.

March 15 (Flight day 1, Launch)
Space Shuttle Discovery launched on time at 19:43 EDT without any issues. Upon initial review of early ascent imagery, mission managers did not see anything out of the ordinary with debris at launch. "We didn't see anything at all in the first quick look," noted Bill Gerstenmaier, Associate Administrator for Space Operations, during the post-launch news conference. "I've seen a lot of launches," commented Launch Director Michael D. Leinbach during the conference, "and this was the most visibly beautiful launch I've ever seen." After reaching orbit, the STS-119 crew got to work on their orbit operations, opening the payload bay doors, deploying the Ku band antenna, and activating and checking out the shuttle's robotic arm. The crew also downlinked the imagery taken of the external tank separation.

Bat stowaway
During the countdown a bat was seen to be resting on the external tank. What was originally believed to be a fruit bat was revealed to have been a free-tailed bat that clung onto the fuel tank during the launch. NASA observers had believed the bat would fly off once the shuttle started to launch, but it did not, and continued to remain on the external tank as the shuttle lifted off. It was probably shaken off and incinerated by the rocket exhaust. A bat doctor, analyzing pictures, believed the bat had a broken wing which made it unable to fly off.

March 16 (Flight day 2)
Following the crew's wakeup call, the members of STS-119 set to work on the day's task of inspecting Discovery's thermal protection system. Using the shuttle's robotic arm and the Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS), the crew performed the five-hour inspection, and the images and video from the survey would be reviewed by the image analysis team on the ground. In preparation for docking with the space station on flight day three, the crew performed a checkout of the spacesuits that would be used during the mission, as well as extending the ring of the orbital docking system, and installing the docking system's centerline camera.

Initial review of the flight ascent imagery indicated no major problems with foam loss or debris strikes to the orbiter. During the day's Mission Management Team briefing, chairman LeRoy Cain noted that the launch was "picture perfect" and the orbiter was in excellent condition. Cain also noted that after an initial review of the telemetry from the launch, the hydrogen flow control valves performed as expected, with no issues seen.

March 17 (Flight day 3)
The crew of Discovery got to work in the morning preparing for rendezvous and docking with the space station. After performing the rendezvous pitch maneuver (RPM) to allow the Expedition 18 crew to photograph the underside of the orbiter, Discovery successfully docked with the station at 21:20 UTC. Following hatch leak checks, the hatches were opened at 23:09 UTC. After greeting each other, the crews had a mandatory station safety briefing, and then set to work with initial transfers, including the exchange of Magnus' Soyuz seat liner for Wakata's. The swap of the seat liners marked Wakata officially joining the Expedition 18 crew as flight engineer, and Magnus became a mission specialist for STS-119.

During the Mission Status briefing, Lead Flight Director Paul Dye commended Archambault on a picture perfect docking. Dye said that no major issues or anomalies were being tracked, but noted that the image analysis team was still working on ascent imagery, and would be reviewing the RPM imagery before making a decision as to whether Discovery would require a focused inspection.

March 18 (Flight day 4)
Following the crew's post-sleep activities, the two crews set to work preparing for the next day's spacewalk, by moving the S6 truss out of Discovery payload bay. Due to clearance restrictions, the station's robotic arm was not able to perform the move by itself, so a series of 'handoffs' were performed to prepare the truss for installation. Phillips and Magnus controlled the station's arm, grappled the truss and moved it into a position where the shuttle's robotic arm, operated by Antonelli, could take possession.

The station arm was then moved along the mobile base to a work site on the far right side, closer to the installation point. The shuttle's robotic arm then handed the truss back to the station's arm, where it remained overnight.

The crews took part in a media event with Channel One News, and performed a review of the procedures for the first EVA. Mission Specialists Swanson and Arnold spent the night in the Quest airlock camping out in a reduced-nitrogen atmosphere, a standard procedure designed for spacewalkers to prevent decompression symptoms.

During the Mission Management Team briefing, Lead ISS Flight Director Kwatsi Alibaruho noted that the imagery specialists with the Damage Assessment Team had completed the initial review of the launch and flight day 2 photography, and a focused inspection of the orbiter would not be required.

March 19 (Flight day 5, Spacewalk 1)
The two crews set to work following their wake up call, preparing for the first spacewalk of the mission. Swanson and Arnold exited the Quest airlock at 16:22 UTC to begin the installation of the S6 truss segment. Once Swanson and Arnold were in position, Phillips and Wakata remotely controlled the station's robotic arm, maneuvering the truss into its final position. Swanson and Arnold then bolted the truss into place, and connected power and data cables, which allowed the ground team to begin remote activation of the segment. The two spacewalkers also removed launch locks, stowed a keel pin, removed and jettisoned four thermal covers, and deployed the blanket boxes that hold the solar arrays in place during launch. The spacewalk ended at 21:11 UTC, for a total time of 6 hours, 7 minutes.

Initially scheduled for flight day 8, managers on the ground decided to move up the deployment of the solar arrays, following the decision that a focused inspection would not be required. It was decided that the deployment of the arrays would be performed on flight day 6, prior to the mission's second spacewalk, in case any issues arose that required a spacewalk to resolve.

March 20 (Flight day 6)
As part of the re-planning for the mission, the crews set to work in the morning deploying the solar wings on the S6 truss. To prepare for the extension of the arrays, the station was maneuvered into a position that allowed constant sunlight to hit the arrays, which allowed them to warm up and prevent what the mission team calls 'stiction', or a sticky friction that happens after the arrays have been in storage for an extended period of time.

The unfurling of the arrays started at 15:06 UTC, beginning with the channel 1B array. Commanding the unit from the station, Philips paused at the halfway point, and allowed the array to rest in the sun for approximately 45 minutes, and then completed the extension. After successfully extending the 1B array, the astronauts started the 3B array extension at 16:35 UTC. The 3B array was expected to be more difficult to extend, as it had been packed in the blanket box for eight years. As with the first, a pause at halfway was performed to allow the arrays to heat up in the sun. While some stiction was seen, once the final extension began all the slats flattened out, and the arrays were fully deployed at 17:17 UTC. The addition of the final set of solar panels brings the station's power output to 120 kilowatts, and doubles the scientific power to 30 kilowatts. The station's surface area of the arrays is just under one acre, or 38,400 square feet.

Later in the day, Fincke, Lonchakov, Wakata and Magnus participated in a media event with Reuters, Voice of America, and the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.

During the Mission Status briefing, Alibaruho expressed how pleased the teams on the ground were with the successful deployment of the arrays, and commended the crew on the deployment activities. Mission Management Team Chairman LeRoy Cain noted that the team was working on a revised timetable to allow critical experiment samples to return to Earth safely. The samples need to be kept in a cold environment, and in the event weather delayed the landing, the team evaluated the best way to preserve the samples. The team approved a revised flight plan that allows Discovery to delay hatch closure and undocking slightly, to allow the samples to be kept inside the station's freezer longer, while still protecting the landing date of March 28. Instead of closing the hatch the night before undocking, the hatch would be closed on the same day, flight day eleven.

"It was a truly fantastic day in space. The International Space Station team and its partnerships are on cloud nine with the completion of the integrated truss assembly, as well as the finalization of our electrical power grid on the space station. It took years to get here. We had some struggles along the way, but it's a major accomplishment for NASA and the partnership team."

- Dan Hartman, Space Station Mission Management Team Chairman

March 21 (Flight day 7, Spacewalk 2)
Swanson and Acaba began the second spacewalk at 16:51 UTC. They loosened bolts, installed foot restraints and prepared tools so that the STS-127 spacewalkers could more easily change out the Port 6 truss batteries later this year. On the Japanese Kibo laboratory they installed a second Global Positioning Satellite antenna. They photographed areas of radiator panels extended from the Port 1 and Starboard 1 trusses and reconfigured connectors at a patch panel on the Zenith 1 truss that power Control Moment Gyroscopes. After struggling with a pin that kept an Unpressurized Cargo Carrier Attachment System (UCCAS) from fully deploying, they tied UCCAS safely in place. The spacewalk ended at 23:21 UTC, for a time of six hours and thirty minutes.

March 22 (Flight day 8)
At 20:31 UTC, Discovery rotated the shuttle-station complex 180 degrees, to avoid a piece of orbital debris. At 23:23, Discovery began rotating the station back to normal attitude, with the shuttle in 'back'.

Fincke continued to work on the Urine Processor Assembly, while Acaba and Arnold entered the Quest Airlock to prepare for the mission's third spacewalk.

March 23 (Flight day 9, Spacewalk 3)
Acaba and Arnold completed the mission's third spacewalk. They helped robotic arm operators relocate the Crew Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) cart from the Port 1 to Starboard 1 truss segment, installed a new coupler on the CETA cart, and lubricated snares on the space station's robotic arm.

They were unable to deploy the Port 3 unpressurized cargo carrier attachment system (UCCAS). They secured the UCCAS in place until engineers can evaluate the problem. Mission Control cancelled the installation of a similar payload attachment system on the starboard side. The port UCCAS was deployed successfully during STS-127 by releasing the stuck pin with a custom made tool.

The spacewalk lasted six hours, 27 minutes. It began at 15:37 UTC and concluded at 22:04 UTC.

March 24 (Flight day 10)
At 17:05 UTC, all crew members aboard Discovery and the space station gathered in the station's Harmony module and spoke to the President of the United States, members of the United States Congress, and students during a joint news conference.

March 25 (Flight day 11, Undocking)
Crew members from space shuttle Discovery and the International Space Station closed their respective hatches at 17:59 UTC. The Space Shuttle undocked from the International Space Station at 19:53 UTC.

March 26 (Flight day 12)
Antonelli used the shuttle's robotic arm to grapple the Orbiter Boom Sensor System enabling the cameras and laser sensors to scan Discovery for signs of damage from orbital debris.

March 27 (Flight day 13)
The crew stowed items in the crew cabin and completed a check out the orbiter's flight control surfaces.

March 28 (Flight day 14, Landing)
Following the wake up call, the crew on board Discovery got to work preparing for entry. After the first landing opportunity was waved off due to high wind concerns, the team on the ground gave the crew a 'go' to proceed with the second opportunity. Following the deorbit burn, the orbiter landed successfully at 15:13 EDT.

Extra-vehicular activity
Three spacewalks were scheduled and completed during STS-119. The cumulative time in extra-vehicular activity during the mission was 19 hours and 4 minutes.

Wake-up calls
A tradition for NASA human spaceflights since the days of Gemini, is that mission crews are played a special musical track at the start of each day in space. Each track is specially chosen, often by their family, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.

title: STS-119


text:
Joseph Ellison Portlock

Major-General Joseph Ellison Portlock (30 September 1794 – 14 February 1864) was born at Gosport and was a British geologist and soldier, the only son of Nathaniel Portlock, and a captain in the Royal Navy.

Educated at Blundell's School and the Royal Military Academy, Portlock entered the Royal Engineers in 1813. In 1814, he took part in frontier operations in Canada. In 1824, he was selected by Lieut-colonel (afterwards Major-General) T.F. Colby (1784–1852) to take part in Ordnance Survey of Ireland. He was engaged for several years in the trigonometrical branch and subsequently compiled information on the physical aspects, geology, and economic products of Ireland, including the Memoir for which he wrote substantial sections on productive economy.

In 1837, he formed at Belfast a geological and statistical office, a museum for geological and zoological specimens, and a laboratory for the examination of soils. The work was then carried on by Portlock as the geological branch of the Ordnance Survey, and the chief results were embodied in his Report on the Geology of the County of Londonderry and of parts of Tyrone and Fermanagh (1843), an elaborate and well-illustrated volume in which he was assisted by Thomas Oldham.

After serving in Corfu and at Portsmouth, he was, in 1849, appointed Commanding Royal Engineer at Cork, and from 1851 to 1856, he was Inspector of Studies at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. For a short time, commanding officer at Dover, when the Council of Military Education was formed in 1857, he was selected as a member.

During these years of active service, he contributed numerous geological papers to the scientific societies of Dublin and to the British Association. He published, in 1848, a treatise on geology in John Weale's Rudimentary Series (3rd. ed., 1853). He was president of the geological section of the British Association at Belfast (1852) and of the Geological Society of London (1856–1858). He wrote a Memoir of the late Major-General Colby, with a Sketch of the Origin and Progress of the Trigonometrical Survey (reprinted in 1869 from Papers on Subjects connected with the Royal Engineers, vols. iii-v.). He also contributed several articles on military subjects to the 8th edition of the Encyclopaedia. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1837. He died in Dublin on 14 February 1864.

He married twice: firstly Julia Browne at Kilmaine, Co Mayo, Ireland on 24 February 1831, and secondly to Fanny Turner at Cork, Ireland on 11 December 1849. Fanny was the 4th daughter of Major General Charles Turner, KH commander of the Cork District. There was no issue from either marriage.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Joseph Ellison Portlock


text:
Nagua

Nagua is the capital of María Trinidad Sánchez province, in the northeastern Dominican Republic.

A medium-sized city, Nagua's economy relies on the production of agricultural products, principally rice, coconuts, and cocoa bean. Located on the north of the Samaná Peninsula, Nagua lies on the highway leading from Puerto Plata to the city of Samaná.

History
What is today the town of Nagua, began in the 19th century, as fishing village made up of two rows of houses that its inhabitants built next to the waters of the bay. From their homes built, mostly of wood, the nagüeros had Matanzas as the commercial, administrative, and political center of the entire area between Sosúa, Puerto Plata, in the north, and Samaná, located at the tip of the Northeast Region. San José de Matanza, which is now a municipal district, was a town founded before the Republic was born. It had a small but active pier, from which trade with other parts of the country was activated.

As a consequence of the damage suffered by a earthquake; the inhabitants of Matanzas were forced to move permanently to the municipality of Julia Molina in its entirety. When immigrating in said municipality, more than 100 families; they contributed to its progress and aggrandizement, especially in the social aspect since they brought with them their customs and traditions.

Location
Most of the town lies below sea level, which some believe makes Nagua susceptible to flooding that could destroy a substantial part of the town. In fact, during the reign of Rafael Trujillo (1930–1961), the neighboring town of Matanza, also below sea level, was destroyed by flooding caused by a magnitude 8.0 earthquake, in 1946. Many residents of Matanza chose to resettle in the area that is now Nagua. Matanza is now a small town called Matancita, just south of the city limits of Nagua.

Economy
The economy of the municipality of Nagua is based mainly on the agricultural sector. Agriculture in the municipality is based mainly on the following products: rice, coconut, cocoa, peanuts, oranges and root vegetables. The livestock sector has some 69 farms dedicated to dairy production, with a total of 9,379 head of cattle. Which produce about 15,534 liters of milk per day.

The constant migrations of locals that occur contribute to improving the economy, due to remittances. This is one of the reasons why there have been constructions and investments contributing to economic growth in recent years. Another cause that contributes to the economic development of the municipality is the installation of branches of the various banks that operate in the country. As well as other contributions made by businessmen, especially in its industries, block factories, pharmacies, various businesses, among others. In addition, since the municipality is bordered by an extensive beach area, this facilitates the construction of hotels and restaurants, in order to make internal tourism more effective, efficient and frequent.

Notables

 * Baltimore Orioles pitcher Ubaldo Jiménez was born in Nagua.
 * Oakland Athletics pitcher Jordan Norberto was born in Nagua.
 * St. Louis Cardinals utilityman Yairo Muñoz was born in Nagua.
 * Cieguito de Nagua Bartolo Alvarado was a musician known for playing merengue and bachata.
 * Nolito de Nagua Chap was a musician known for playing Haitian music.
 * Tatico Henriquez which some consider to be the godfather of merengue tipico.

title: Nagua


text:
User:Thingyamabob

So who am I? I am just an old webmaster from Ohio who has been building sites since 1996. I have quite a long list of sites under my portfolio and I figured it was time I tried to give back to the community that has given so much to me.

I will start helping out writing articles for the music sections being that is where my passion lies. Ill be writing articles for a few dozen artists and helping out with others over the next few weeks.

If you have any questions please feel free to email me.

title: User:Thingyamabob


text:
Talk:Turbonegro

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: http://www.the-fly.co.uk/artist/turbonegro. Infringing material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you.  SilkTork  *YES! 20:40, 19 April 2011 (UTC)

 * A series of edits in 2006 - starting here - copied over this webpage which is copyrighted and is owned by HMV. I have removed the entire history section which contained the copyrighted material. There may have been since 2006 a number of appropriate additional edits made to the history section which I have also removed. It might be worth someone going through the history and picking them out - or simply starting again from scratch. Certainly, the article - the-fly.co.uk can be used as a source, but mustn't be copied word for word, and must be cited.  SilkTork  *YES! 20:50, 19 April 2011 (UTC)

Entire history removed?
Thats bullshit.76.92.166.70 (talk) 02:44, 1 May 2011 (UTC)

Tony Madsen-Sylvester?
Tony (Anthony) Sylvester is now Tony (Anthony) Madsen-Sylvester after his marriage. How do we treat his name in the history? I don't know how to deal with that, but I guess his name should be changed also in the history. /EriFr (talk) 06:09, 26 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Turbonegro


text:
July 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

July 15 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - July 17

All fixed commemorations below are celebrated on July 29 by Old Calendar.

For July 16th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on July 3.

Saints

 * Saint Kyriakos the Executioner (Cyriacus), who had beheaded the martyr Antiochus of Sulcis, then converted to Christ and was beheaded (c. 110) (see also: December 13)
 * Martyr Faustus, by crucifixion, under Decius (c. 249-251)
 * Martyrs Paul and his two sisters Chionia (Thea) and Alevtina (Valentina) at Caesarea Palaestina (308)   (see also: July 18)
 * Hieromartyr Athenogenes, Bishop of Heracleopolis, and his ten disciples (c. 311)
 * Martyr Athenogenes, by fire.

 * Martyr Antiochus of Sebaste, Physician (4th century)
 * 15,000 Martyrs of Pisidia, who believed in Christ through Saint Marina, by the sword.
 * Many Holy Women Martyred by the sword.
 * Saint Anastasius I, Bishop of Thessaloniki, a father of the Fourth Ecumenical Council (via his representative) (451)
 * Saint Auxitheus (or Eudoxius), Bishop of Thessaloniki, one of the great Fathers of the Fourth Ecumenical Council (458)

Pre-Schism Western saints

 * Saint Domnio, a martyr in Bergamo in Italy under Diocletian (c. 295)
 * Saint Valentine of Trier, Bishop of Trier in Germany (or more probably Tongres in Belgium), under Diocletian (c. 305)
 * Virgin-martyr Julia of Carthage, by crucifixion, at Corsica (c. 440)
 * Martyr Helier of Jersey (6th century)
 * Saint Reineldis (Raineldis, Reinaldes) and Companions, martyred by the Huns (c. 680)
 * Saint Generosus, Abbot of Saint-Jouin-de-Marnes in Poitou in France (c. 682)
 * Saint Ténénan, Bishop of Léon (7th century)
 * Saint Vitalian of Capua, Bishop of Capua in Italy (7th century)
 * Saint Vitalian of Osimo, Bishop of Osimo in Italy (776)
 * Martyr Sisenandus Córdoba, a Deacon in the church of St Acisclus in Córdoba in Spain, beheaded under Abderrahman II (851)
 * Saint Irmengard (Irmgard of Chiemsee), Abbess of Buchau and then of Chiemsee in Germany (866)

Post-Schism Orthodox saints

 * Saint John of Vishnya and Mt. Athos, activist against Uniatism (c. 1630)
 * New Martyr John of Turnovo (1822)
 * Saint Theodotus, monk of Glinsk Hermitage (1859)

New martyrs and confessors

 * New Hieromartyrs Nicholas of Tarsus (1917) and his son Habib of Damascus (1948)
 * New Hieromartyrs Seraphim, Theognostus, and others of Alma-Ata (1921)
 * Venerable Schema-Abbess Magdalena (Dosmanova) of New Tikhvin Convent in Siberia (1934)
 * New Confessor Matrona Belyakova, Fool-for-Christ, of Anemnyasevo (1936)
 * New Hieromartyrs Jacob (Maskaev), Archbishop of Barnaul, and Priests Peter Gavrilov and John Mozhirin, and with them Monk-martyr Theodore (Nikitin) and Martyr John (1937)
 * New Hieromartyr Ardalion (Ponamarev), Archimandrite, of Kasli (Chelyabinsk) (1938)

Other commemorations

 * Icon of the Mother of God of Chirsk-Pskov (1420)

title: July 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)


text: Category:Health in Sweden

title: Category:Health in Sweden


text: User talk:130.184.236.40

title: User talk:130.184.236.40


text:
User:Sri sridhar

Srinath Sridhar
I am a PhD student in the Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon University. Email me at: firstname at cs.cmu.edu

title: User:Sri sridhar


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mathak Kraven

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy deleted. Dmcdevit·t 02:16, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

Mathak Kraven
Article is just glorifying some random user from a gaming forum. Also, there was an ad hominem insult questioning that forumite's sexual orientation, but I quickly decided against leaving that, and deleted that and the original article out. You may read the history to see what the article originally contained in the history. 172.194.24.182 18:44, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete While I support the deletion of this article, it should be noted that the same anon IP address that created this vfd is the same (with only three edits) that vandalized the page. (One to vandalize, one to create the vfd, and one to write the vfd comment.) --Icelight 06:34, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete all history versions qualify one way or another. I have added db. DES 22:25, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy deletable. Denni ☯ 02:14, 2005 July 27 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Phoenix Islands Settlement Scheme

The Phoenix Islands Settlement Scheme was begun in 1938 in the western Pacific Ocean and was the last attempt at human colonisation within the British Empire.

History
Conceived by Henry E. "Harry" Maude, lands commissioner of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, and approved by His Excellency Sir Harry Luke, Governor of Fiji and High Commissioner of the Western Pacific. The goal of the project was to reduce overpopulation in the southern Gilbert Islands by developing three mostly uninhabited  atolls in the Phoenix Islands archipelago:
 * 1) Nikumaroro (Gardner)
 * 2) Manra (Sydney)
 * 3) Orona (Hull)

A secondary goal was to enhance the British presence in the western Pacific in response to growing American influence through the Guano Islands Act, especially on Canton (later Kanton), where a commercial seaplane base was being established.

The three atolls, Sydney, Hull, and Gardner, were renamed in Gilbertese as Manra Island, Orona Atoll, and Nikumaroro respectively. Colonisation efforts by Gilbertese settlers were almost immediately hampered by the onset of the Second World War, the islands' isolation and the 1941 death on Nikumaroro of the project's officer in charge, 29-year-old civil servant Gerald Gallagher.

Abandonment
After 1945 the three settlements continued to struggle with supply problems, limited markets for copra, the settlements' only major product, and drought, until the British government determined the colony could not be self-sustaining and evacuated the settlers in 1963, ending the project. The Phoenix Islands are part of Kiribati and in 2005 were officially uninhabited except for a few families on Kanton Island (census population 61 in 2000 and 41 in 2005).

title: Phoenix Islands Settlement Scheme


text:
July 17 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

July 16 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - July 18

All fixed commemorations below are celebrated on July 30 by Old Calendar.

For July 17th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on July 4.

Saints

 * Great martyr Marina (Margaret) of Antioch in Pisidia (4th century)
 * Saint Euphrasius of Ionopolis, Bishop.
 * Venerable Apostles of the Slavs: Cyril and Methodius, Clement of Ohrid, Sava, Angelar, Gorazd and Nahum of Ochrid. (see also: May 11, July 27)

Pre-Schism Western saints

 * The Holy Martyrs of Scillium beheaded in Carthage (180):
 * Martyrs Speratus and Veronica, Nartzalus, Cittinus, Veturius, Felix, Aquilinus, Laetantius, Januaria, Generosa, Vestia, Donata, and Secunda.

 * Saint Marcellina, born in Rome, she was the elder sister of St Ambrose of Milan and St Satyrus (398)
 * Venerable Alexios the Man of God, in Rome (411)  (see also: March 17)
 * Saint Generosus of Tivoli, venerated in Tivoli in Italy, where his relics are enshrined in the Cathedral.
 * Saint Cynllo, a British saint to whom several churches are dedicated in Wales (5th century)
 * Saint Theodosius of Auxerre, Bishop of Auxerre in France c 507-516, who assisted in 511 at the First Council of Orléans (516)
 * Saint Ennodius (Magnus Felix Ennodius), a Gallo-Roman who became Bishop of Pavia in Italy, Confessor (521)
 * Saint Frédégand (Frégô), born in Ireland, he was a disciple of St Foillan, and became a monk and Abbot of Kerkelodor Abbey near Antwerp in Belgium (c. 740)
 * Saint Turninus, a priest from Ireland who worked with St Foillan in Holland, and also near Antwerp in Belgium (8th century) Almost certainly the same as Saint Fredigand.
 * Child-martyr Prince Kenelm of Wales, son of King Coenwulf of Mercia in England, murdered in the forest of Clent and buried in Winchcombe (c. 821)
 * Saint Andrew Zorard, born in Poland, he lived as a hermit on Mount Zobar in Hungary (c. 1010)

Post-Schism Orthodox saints

 * Saint Timothy, Fool-for-Christ, of Svyatogorsk, near Pskov (1563)
 * Venerable Irenarchus, Abbot of Solovetsky Monastery (1628)
 * Venerable Leonid, founder of Ust-Neduma Monastery in Vologda, Abbot (1654)

New martyrs and confessors

 * Royal Martyrs of Russia: Martyrdom of the Romanovs (17 July 1918) (see also: July 4)

Other commemorations

 * Translation of the relics of St. Lazarus the Wonderworker, of Mt. Galesion, near Ephesus (1054)  (see also: November 7, July 18)
 * Icon of the Mother of God of Sviatogorsk (1569)
 * Slaying of Bishop John (Bulin) of Pechersk Pskov Caves (1941)
 * Glorification (1996) and translation of the relics (2000) of St. Gabriel (Zyryanov) of Seven Lakes Monastery in Kazan, and of Pskov-Eleazar Monastery in Pskov (1915)  (see also: September 24)
 * Second finding of the relics (1998) of St. Alexander of Svir (1533)

title: July 17 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)


text:
James Reid, Baron Reid

James Scott Cumberland Reid, Baron Reid, (30 July 1890 – 29 March 1975) was a Scottish Unionist politician and judge. His reputation is as one of the most outstanding judges of the 20th century.

Life
He was born on 30 July 1890 in Drem, East Lothian the son of James Reid a Solicitor of the Supreme Courts (SSC) and his wife, Kate Scott. Educated at Edinburgh Academy, he then studied law at Jesus College, Cambridge, graduating BA in 1910 and LLB in 1911. He was admitted as an advocate in 1914.

He was commissioned into the 8th battalion Royal Scots in World War I and was seconded to the Machine Gun Corps in 1916, serving in Mesopotamia and reaching the rank of Major. He resigned his commission in 1921. He was appointed a King's Counsel in 1932.

He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Stirling and Falkirk from October 1931 until his defeat in November 1935, and for Glasgow Hillhead from June 1937 until September 1948.

He served as Solicitor General for Scotland from June 1936 until June 1941, and as Lord Advocate from June 1941 until July 1945, and was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1941.

From 1945 to 1948 he was Dean of the Faculty of Advocates. In 1948 he was appointed as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and received a Law Life Peerage as Baron Reid, of Drem in East Lothian. He sat as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary until 1975. He was one of very few people to be appointed a Law Lord straight from the Bar, without any intervening judicial experience.

Reid was appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour in 1967.

He died in London on 29 March 1975.

Family
In 1933 he married Mrs Esther Mary Brierley (née Nelson), a widow.

They did not have any children.

Cases decided

 * Bonnington Castings Ltd v Wardlaw [1956] AC 613, [1956] 2 WLR 707, [1956] 1 All ER 615
 * Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd aka (Wagon Mound (No. 1)) [1961] 1 All ER 404
 * Scruttons Ltd v Midland Silicones Ltd [1962] AC 446
 * Shaw v DPP [1962] AC 220
 * Ridge v Baldwin, [1964] AC 40
 * Rookes v. Barnard [1964] AC 1129
 * Beswick v Beswick [1968] AC 58
 * Madzimbamuto v Lardner-Burke, [1969] 1 AC 645
 * Dorset Yacht Co Ltd v Home Office [1970] AC 1004
 * McGhee v National Coal Board [1972] 3 All ER 1008
 * Knuller v. DPP [1973] A.C. 435
 * Norwich Pharmacal Co. v Customs and Excise Commissioners [1974] AC 133

Selected judgments
In Shaw v DPP, (1961) UKHL 1 rendered on 4 May 1961, Reid said, I shall not examine the authorities because I think that they establish that it is an indictable offence to say or do or exhibit anything in public which outrages public decency, whether or not it also tends to corrupt and deprave those who see or hear it. In my view it is open to a jury to hold that a public invitation to indulge in sexual perversion does so outrage public decency as to be a punishable offence. If the jury in this case had been properly directed they might well have found the accused guilty for this reason. And the offence would be the same whether the invitation was made by an individual or by several people acting in concert. But it appears to me to be impossible to say the same with regard to ordinary prostitution. The common law has never treated the appearance of a prostitute in public as an indictable offence however obvious her purpose might be, and an Act of Parliament has been found necessary to stop the nuisance of prostitutes parading in the public street.

In the same case, he went on to say: Even if there is still a vestigial power of this kind it ought not, in my view, to be used unless there appears to be general agreement that the offence to which it is applied ought to be criminal if committed by an individual. Notoriously there are wide differences of opinion today as to how far the law ought to punish immoral acts which are not done in the face of the public. Some think that the law already goes too far, some that it does not go far enough. Parliament is the proper place, and I am firmly of opinion the only proper place, to settle that. When there is sufficient support from public opinion, Parliament does not hesitate to intervene. Where Parliament fears to tread it is not for the courts to rush in.

title: James Reid, Baron Reid


text: Category:Health in Denmark

title: Category:Health in Denmark


text:
Category:LGBT-related legislation

LGBT-related (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender) legislation

title: Category:LGBT-related legislation


text:
Henry Parnell, 1st Baron Congleton

Henry Brooke Parnell, 1st Baron Congleton PC (3 July 1776 – 8 June 1842), known as Sir Henry Parnell, Bt, from 1812 to 1841, was an Irish writer and Whig politician. He was a member of the Whig administrations headed by Lord Grey and Lord Melbourne of the 1830s and also published works on financial and penal questions as well as on civil engineering. He was a grand-uncle to the Irish nationalist leader Charles Stewart Parnell.

Background and education
Parnell was the second son of Sir John Parnell, 2nd Baronet, Chancellor of the Irish Exchequer, and Laetitia Charlotte, daughter of Sir Arthur Brooke, 1st Baronet. His younger brother William Parnell-Hayes was the grandfather of Charles Stewart Parnell. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1801 he inherited the family estates in Queen's County on the death of his father, bypassing his disabled elder brother according to a special Act of Parliament passed in 1789. In 1812 he succeeded as fourth Baronet, of Rathleague, on the death of his brother.

Political career
Parnell represented Maryborough in the Irish House of Commons from 1798 until the Act of Union in 1801. In April the following year he was elected to Parliament of the United Kingdom for Queen's County, but relinquished this seat already in July of the same year, when he was returned for Portarlington. However, he resigned the seat already in December 1802. In 1806 he was once again elected for Queen's County, and represented the constituency until 1832. In 1828 he was chairman of the Select Committee on the State of Public Income and Expenditure which successfully recommended abolition of the 280-year-old Navy Board and the merging of its functions into the Board of Admiralty.

It was by Parnell's motion on the civil list that the Duke of Wellington's administration was defeated in 1830. The Whigs came to power under Lord Grey and in 1831 Parnell was admitted to the Privy Council and appointed Secretary at War, a post he held until February 1833. He resigned his seat in Parliament the same year but returned in 1833 as the representative for Dundee. When the Whigs again came to power in April 1835 under Lord Melbourne, Parnell was made Paymaster of the Forces and Treasurer of the Ordnance and Navy. These offices were consolidated into that of Paymaster General in 1836, and Parnell retained this post until the government fell in 1841. The latter year he was raised to the peerage as Baron Congleton, of Congleton in the County Palatine of Chester.

Works

 * Observations upon the State of Currency of Ireland, and upon the Course of Exchange between London and Dublin (1804; 2nd edn., 1804; 3rd edn. (with additional appendix), 1804).
 * The Principles of Currency and Exchange, illustrated by Observations on the State of Ireland (1805).
 * An Historical Apology for the Irish Catholics (1807).
 * A History of the Penal Laws against the Irish Catholics, from the Treaty of Limerick to the Union (1808; a ‘new edition’ appeared in vols. xx. and xxi. of the Pamphleteer (1822); 4th edn. (with slightly altered title), 1825).
 * Treatise on the Corn Trade and Agriculture (1809).
 * The Substance of the Speeches of Sir Henry Parnell, bart., in the House of Commons, with additional Observations on the Corn Laws (1814; 3rd edn. published in vol. iv. of the Pamphleteer (1814).
 * Observations on the Irish Butter Acts (1825).
 * Observations on Paper Money, Banking, and Over-Trading, including those parts of the Evidence taken before the Committee of the House of Commons which explain the Scotch System of Banking (1827, 1829).
 * On Financial Reform (1830; 2nd edn., 1830; 3rd edn., 1831; 4th edn., 1832). Selections from this book, compiled by Henry Lloyd Morgan, were published under the title of National Accounts (2nd edn., 1873).
 * A plain Statement of the Power of the Bank of England, and the Use it has made of it; with a Refutation of the Objections made to the Scotch System of Banking, and a Reply to “The Historical Sketch [by J. R. McCulloch] of the Bank of England,” (1832).
 * A Treatise on Roads, wherein the Principles on which Roads should be made are explained and illustrated by the Plans, Specifications, and Contracts made use of by Thomas Telford, Esq., on the Holyhead Road (1833; 2nd edn., 1838).
 * The Psalms: a new Version (1860; 2nd edn., 1875).

Parnell was the author of books and pamphlets on matters connected with financial questions, the major important work being On Financial Reform, published in 1830. Parnell was opposed to the prevailing protectionist system and advocated retrenchment of public expenditure, especially for the armed services. On Financial Reform proposed the repeal of taxes on raw materials and home manufactures, along with the reduction of import duties on foreign manufactures. He also favoured the reduction of taxes on "luxuries", such as tea, sugar, tobacco, wine and spirits. To pay for these reforms, Parnell proposed the reintroduction of the income tax. According to Sidney Buxton, On Financial Reform exercised a considerable influence on public opinion and "laid before the country the financial and fiscal policy that Peel and Gladstone afterwards carried through".

One of the main representatives of the so-called "British free banking school", Parnell argued that the best way to achieve monetary stability was to revoke the Bank of England's monopoly on the issue of banknotes. These ideas were defended by Parnell and others in opposition to those of the British Currency School who advocated legal restrictions on the amount of notes that could be issued, with respect to their deposits in specie, and the British Banking School, which advocated discretionary policy by the banks in monetary matters. Support for free banking declined after Parnell's death in 1842, and the Bank Charter Act 1844 eliminated the right of new banks in England and Wales to issue notes, consolidating the Bank of England's monopoly.

Parnell also wrote about penal matters. In the domain of civil engineering, he authored the 1833 and 1838 editions of A Treatise on Roads, in which the works and techniques of Thomas Telford were described.

Family
Parnell married Lady Caroline Elizabeth, daughter of John Dawson, 1st Earl of Portarlington, in 1801. In 1842, having suffered for some time from ill health and melancholy, he committed suicide by hanging, aged 65. He was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son John Vesey Parnell. Lady Congleton died in February 1861.

The couple had three sons and three daughters who reached adulthood. A daughter, Frances Louisa, died when she was five years old, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. Her monument bears the inscription "Sacred to the memory of Frances Louisa Parnell. Born 28 October 1806 Died 18 September 1812. Interred under this spot. This monument is placed here by her afflicted and disconsolate mother."

title: Henry Parnell, 1st Baron Congleton


text: User talk:207.190.60.1

title: User talk:207.190.60.1


text:
The Buccaneer

The Buccaneer can refer to:

 * Plays and film
 * The Buccaneer (1925 play), an unsuccessful play by Maxwell Anderson about the famous pirate Henry Morgan
 * The Buccaneer (1938 film), a Cecil B. DeMille film about another notorious pirate, Jean Lafitte, starring Fredric March
 * The Buccaneer, an audio adaption on the 1938 film by Lux Radio Theatre starring Clark Gable.
 * The Buccaneer (1958 film), a remake of the 1938 film, starring Yul Brynner

 * Places
 * The Buccaneer (Christiansted, U.S. Virgin Islands), hotel on National Registry of the Historic Hotels of America

title: The Buccaneer


text:
Dafni

Dafni (Δάφνη or Δαφνί, both deriving from the Greek word for "laurel") may refer to:

Greek places

 * Dafni, Achaea, part of the municipal unit of Paia, Achaea
 * Dafni, Aetolia-Acarnania, part of the municipal unit of Naupactus, Aetolia-Acarnania
 * Dafni, Arcadia, part of the municipal unit of Valtetsi, Arcadia
 * Dafni, Mount Athos
 * in Attica:
 * Dafni, Attica, a municipal unit and a suburb of Athens
 * Dafni BC is also the name of a Division A2 professional basketball club located therein
 * Dafni, Chaidari is a quarter of Chaidari
 * Dafni also refers to the Daphni Monastery, located here
 * Dafni, Boeotia, part of the municipal unit of Dervenochori, Boeotia
 * Dafni, Corfu, part of the municipal unit of Agios Georgios, Corfu
 * Dafni, Corinthia, part of the municipality of Nemea, Corinthia
 * in Elis:
 * Dafni, Amaliada, part of the municipal unit of Amaliada
 * Dafni, Vouprasia, part of the municipal unit of Vouprasia
 * Dafni, Evrytania, part of the municipal unit of Viniani, Evrytania
 * Dafni, Kozani, part of the municipal unit of Tsotyli, Kozani regional unit
 * Dafni, Laconia, part of the municipal unit of Faris, Laconia
 * Dafni, Lemnos, part of the municipal unit of Atsiki, Lemnos island
 * Dafni, Pella, part of the municipality of Skydra, Pella regional unit
 * Dafni, Phthiotis, part of the municipal unit of Ypati, Phthiotis
 * Dafni, Icaria, part of the municipal unit of Evdilos, Icaria island
 * Dafni, Serres, part of the municipal unit of Achinos, Serres regional unit
 * Dafni, Xanthi, a village in Xanthi regional unit

People

 * Daphni (musician), one of the stage names of the musician Daniel Snaith
 * Dafni Bokota (born 1960), greek singer and presenter
 * Galia Dafni, Canadian mathematician

title: Dafni


text: Template:Campaignbox Greek wars of the 5th century BC


text:
Talk:Jefferson Park, Chicago

Untitled
I think it's a little unfair to call Jefferson Park the Polish neighborhood in Chicago. There are many neighborhoods in Chicago with large Polish-American populations, like Jackowo.

I agree. The Avondale neighborhood (further south on Milwaukee Avenue) has a community of Poles where storefronts and shops primarily conduct business in Polish. This area is more intensely Polish in character than Jefferson Park. McHenry 03:21, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Jefferson Park, Chicago


text:
Dafni, Attica

Dafni (Δάφνη) is a suburban town in the Athens agglomeration, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Dafni-Ymittos, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit.

Geography
Dafni is an inner suburb of Athens, 2 km south of the Acropolis of Athens. Its built-up area is continuous with that of municipality of Athens and the surrounding suburbs Nea Smyrni, Agios Dimitrios and Ymittos. Dafni metro station is served by Line 2 of the Athens Metro. The main thoroughfare is Vouliagmenis Avenue, which connects Dafni with Athens city centre. At 1.375 km2 it is one of the smallest municipal units in the Athens urban and metropolitan area.

Sports
The Amyntas Dafnis HEBA basketball club (A2 Division) competes at the Dafni Indoor Hall.

title: Dafni, Attica


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fullpower

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  12:04, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Fullpower
Sems like a non-NPOV promotion to me --PhilipO 18:50, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete copyvio. JamesBurns 08:37, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Poster claims copyright permission, but even if proven, it's just corporate puff for a company that for all practical purposes doesn't exist yet. Tearlach 13:25, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - non-notable - Tεx  τ  urε  19:59, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Metropolitan Transit Commission

Metropolitan Transit/Transportation Commission/Corporation may refer to:

 * Metropolitan Transportation Commission, San Francisco Bay Area, California
 * Metropolitan Transport Corporation, Chennai, India
 * Metro Transit, Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Minnesota, formerly Metropolitan Transit Commission

title: Metropolitan Transit Commission


text:
Mt. Baker Ski Area

Mt. Baker Ski Area is a ski resort in the northwest United States, located in Whatcom County, Washington, at the end of State Route 542. The base elevation is at 3500 ft, while the peak of the resort is at 5089 ft. It is about 10 mi south of the 49th parallel, the international border with Canada. Despite its name, the Mt. Baker Ski Area is actually closer to Mount Shuksan than Mount Baker.

The ski area is home to the world's greatest recorded snowfall in one season, 1140 in, during the 1998–99 season. Mt. Baker also enjoys one of the highest average annual snowfall of any resort in the world, with 641 in.

The ski area is known for numerous challenging in-bounds routes and for the many backcountry opportunities that surround it. The backcountry is accessible from several chairlifts, and access is permitted from the resort following the Mt. Baker Ski Area backcountry policy.

The mountain
The lifts at Mt. Baker are not named but referred to by number. All are fixed-grip quads. Chairs 3 and 4 access the same point from different sides of the mountain using a continuous loop of cable (haul rope); there is a mid-station at the top for unloading only. Chair 1 runs from the Heather Meadows Lodge upper base area to the top of Panorama Dome. There is a midpoint station on this lift, where other riders can catch it halfway down the mountain, allowing for speedy runs on Austin, Pan Face, North Face, Chicken Ridge, and the famed Chute. Also accessible from Chair 1 is the Canyon and the rest of the Chair 6 terrain. Chair 2 is located at the Heather Meadows Lodge upper base area. This is a chair for beginners. Chair 3 allows customers either to access the Raven Hut Lodge area or return down to Chairs 2 and 3. Chair 4 runs from the Raven Hut Lodge area and back up to the top of Chair 3. Chair 5 replaced two parallel double chairs and accesses intermediate terrain, as well as the experts-only Gabl's run and the Elbow backcountry area. Chair 6 runs to the top of Panorama Dome. Chair 7 is the only chair that leaves from the White Salmon Lodge base area. From it, one can access Chair 8 or the Raven Hut Lodge area. Chair 8 is the longest chair on the mountain and features longer groomed runs as well as access to the Hemispheres and Shuksan Arm backcountry areas. Additionally, there are two handle-tow surface lifts for beginners, one located at White Salmon and one at Heather Meadows.

In the 2022-‘23 season, the Ski Area added a Freeride Feature Zone, located off of Chairs 3/4.

Possible expansion
Future expansion is limited, according to an interview with the General Manager, Duncan Howat:

"Due to the remote location of the ski area — 37 miles out on a dead-end road — Howat said it will probably never become a full-scale ski resort with hotels and condos. For starters, there aren't any public utilities up there to support more development. In 1989, when the ski area began developing a second base area known as the White Salmon Lodge, it first had to build all the necessary infrastructure: a parking lot, a water catchment and filtration system, a sewage treatment system, and a power generator.

'We'll improve the current infrastructure, but as far as going off into some new territory and build new chairlifts, that won't happen,' Howat said. 'We've got some new plans, but I'm not gonna let it out yet.'"

Legendary Banked Slalom
Started in 1985, this slalom snowboard race through the natural halfpipe has evolved into an international event. The Legendary Banked Slalom attracts many professionals from around the world as competitors and allows amateurs of all ages and abilities to compete on the same course over the same period with the professionals. The winner in each category receives a duct tape trophy and an embroidered Carhartt jacket.

Featured in films
Mt. Baker Ski Area is often featured in ski and snowboard films and still photography due to its picturesque setting, plentiful snowfall, and the availability of easily accessed advanced terrain. The Call of The Wild was filmed at Mt. Baker in 1934–35.

Featured in Season 5, Episode 14 of the TV series, "Frasier", entitled "The Ski Lodge".

Season and hours
The ski season typically begins in late November and ends in late April. Usual operating hours are 9:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.

History

 * 1921–26: Mt. Baker highway constructed to Heather Meadows; skiing begins.
 * 1927: Mount Baker Lodge opened. Mt. Baker Ski Club organized.
 * 1930: First ski tournament at Heather Meadows.
 * 1931: Mt. Baker Lodge destroyed by fire.
 * 1935: Pacific Northwest Ski Association downhill tournament, held on northeast face of Table Mountain.
 * 1935–36: "Ski escalator" installed.
 * 1937–38: First rope tow installed, Otto Lang ski school.
 * 1953: The first chairlift, Pan Dome (now Chair 1), is constructed at the ski area.
 * 1977: Six chairs and four rope tows operate. They are referenced by name instead of number.
 * 1981–88: One rope tow (Galena) is removed, and chairs are now numbered instead of named.
 * 1989–90: The first quad chair (Chair 7) is installed in the White Salmon area. One more rope tow (7 Hills) is removed.
 * 1991–98: Chair 8 opens.
 * 1996: White Salmon Day Lodge opens.
 * 2002: Chair 4 and Chair 5 doubles replaced with Chair 5 quad.
 * 2011: Chairs 1 and 6 designated as "Experts only".

title: Mt. Baker Ski Area


text:
Talk:Jaden Korr

It's nice to know that someone actually did play through the Adventure Seed presented in the Dark Forces Saga article, and the description of it was nice. However, this page only deals with canon. As with other RPG modules, only the main events in the module are to be considered part of the official continuity from the information I have. JoJoTrue 18:51, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

I don't know what happened to the article, whether it was me reading it wrong or a retcon, but it now appears that Jaden Korr was not on the mission searching for Katarn, and was instead replaced with Mara Jade. I have thus changed the article. JoJoTrue 03:27, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Vehicle Errata.
An error exists on the page. Jaden Korr's vehicle is not an X-Wing fighter, but a Z-95 'Headhunter' starfighter. The Z-95 Headhunter is an older starfighter type and a predecessor to the X-wing, distinguishable by it's single pair of wings and wing-blasters and the distinctive 'hump' behind the cockpit in place of an astromech droid-socket. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Les-R (talk • contribs) 20:09, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * Ok amended, thanks The Fish 20:52, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Gah!
Why is the assumption for articles for games with a main character whose gender is determined by the player ALWAYS that the character is male? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Pattern spider (talk • contribs) 18:56, December 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * Because the canon version is usually male? --Maru (talk) Contribs 18:16, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

 * 7he games are also marketed to males, usually are written by males, have a higher selling ratio with males, the majority of jedi/sith are male and the 6 major movies feature almost all male main characters. Don't get me wrong, 1 think the female jedi/sith are beautifully crafted in design and persona, but even then they are rarely depicted as feminine outside of their natural beauty or use in healing. MajinPalgen 17:05, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Again, you can't really be too surprised by this- the EU is inconsistent on this point, but it seems (following ROTS' example) that Jedi, even female ones, are not supposed to marry or have children.... so naturally males would have a bit of an advantage there; blame Lucas for this one. The EU, as I said, is a lot more enlightened that Lucas' vision. --maru (talk) Contribs 01:49, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

Jaden's height
Jaden's height is presumably 7 feet tall. The reason I say this is because of the following blurb in the GtkRadiant manual. GtkRadiant is what is used to build Jedi Academy levels with:

Player Dimensions

Model size: The player model's actual size is a bounding box 30 units by 30 units square with a height of 56 units. In the game world, eight units roughly equal one foot (30.5 cm). From this, we deduce that the characters are a heroic 7 feet tall (2.13 meters). —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Wsauer (talk • contribs) 07:03, 13 April 2007 (UTC).

 * This means absolutely nothing in this context. The GtkRadiant units of measurement are only simple guidelines for creating world geometry. In JA you can see that everything is built to scale for the player character (and NPCs). Placed into the correct perspective, Jaden is of "average" height, not a giant. Additionally Jaden stands the same height as Luke, Kyle, Lando and almost every other character. We know that none of them are 7 feet tall, with possible exception to Chewbacca. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 71.133.221.123 (talk • contribs) 01:43, July 31, 2007 (UTC)

Timeline
I made a small modification to the reference of when JA takes place near the end. It said that Jaden came in "around" the New Jedi Order, but given what was going on during that time there is no chance that the Vong wouldn't have been mentioned in the game. I modified it so it says he came in "before" the NJO so its a tad more specific. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 216.145.101.203 (talk • contribs) 18:02, May 25, 2007 (UTC)

Gender
I've heard Jaden's gender was defined as male, according to The New Essential Chronology, an official reference book. Can someone confirm this? — May the Edit be with you, always. ( T | C ) 16:21, 21 July 2007 (UTC)

--I don't know; according to the game programming, Jaden is, by default, female.-- --Anonymous —Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.111.96.32 (talk) 00:15, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

In-universe
Anyone seriously interested in improving the article should consider adding some real world related info, e.g. regarding the concept, creation, and/or function of the character within the Star Wars narrative etc. Please consult our writing about fiction guideline, which also includes a list of exemplary articles.

There are currently three featured articles on Star Wars characters: Palpatine, Padmé Amidala, and Jabba the Hutt. What sets them aside from most of the other SW character articles is the effort to write from the real world perspective. Pay particular attention to paragraphs like Jabba the Hutt, Palpatine, and Padmé Amidala.

Also take a look at Darth Vader, which despite its lack of reliable, published third-party secondary sources features interesting sections on e.g. #Character creation and concepts and Darth Vader as a #Cultural figure.

Even though reliable sources may be tough to come up with, any effort to introduce coherently written real world aspects will be greatly appreciated, because it contributes to the depth of the article and accurate coverage of the topic, and thereby makes for an improved reading experience and increases the encyclopedic value of the article.

—AldeBaer 16:03, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jaden Korr


text:
Russell Maxwell

Russell Lamonte Maxwell (28 December 1890 – 24 November 1968) was an officer in the U.S. Army.

Military career
Born in Oakdale, Illinois, and raised in Modesto, California, Maxwell graduated from the United States Military Academy in June 1912 where he was classmates with several men who later reached the rank of general officer, such as Walter M. Robertson, Walton Walker, Wade H. Haislip, John Shirley Wood, Robert McGowan Littlejohn, Gilbert R. Cook, Raymond O. Barton, Millard Harmon, Harry J. Malony, Stephen J. Chamberlin, Franklin C. Sibert, Albert E. Brown, Archibald Vincent Arnold and William H. Wilbur.

Commissioned as a field artillery officer, Maxwell transferred to the Ordnance Department and became an expert on military explosives. He graduated from the Command and General Staff School in 1924, the Army Industrial College in 1925 and the Army War College in 1934. By February 1941, Colonel Maxwell was the Administrator of Export Control.

Shortly before United States entry into World War II, Maxwell was promoted to brigadier general and sent to North Africa as head of the US Military North African Mission. He was the Lend Lease coordinator in the area. Maxwell became the Commanding General U.S. Army Forces in the Middle East (USAFIME) which consisted largely of Army Air Forces units.

On 4 November 1942, Lieutenant General Frank M. Andrews replaced Maxwell as commander of USAFIME.

A German merchant ship, the Liebenfels, salvaged at Massawa, Italian Eritrea by Navy Commander Edward Ellsberg working under Maxwell's direction was named for General Maxwell. The General Maxwell was later renamed Empire Nile by the British.

From 30 September 1943 to 14 March 1946, Maxwell served as the Assistant Chief of Staff, G-4, in the War Department General Staff.

He served as a major general from 9 March 1942 to 30 September 1946.

Maxwell died at his home in Washington, D.C., and was buried at the West Point Cemetery on 27 November 1968.

title: Russell Maxwell


text:
I Believe in a Thing Called Love

"I Believe in a Thing Called Love" is a song by English rock band the Darkness, released as the third single from their debut studio album, Permission to Land. When released as a single in September 2003, it peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart. The song also charted worldwide, becoming a top-10 hit in Ireland, New Zealand, and Sweden, as well as on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart.

Background and release
"I Believe in a Thing Called Love" was originally issued as a 3-track EP in August 2002; however, as only a small number of copies were printed, it was ineligible to chart. The EP also included early versions of "Love on the Rocks with No Ice" and "Love Is Only a Feeling". A live version of the song recorded at Knebworth House in Knebworth, Hertfordshire, in 2003 was included as a B-side on the group's Christmas single, "Christmas Time (Don't Let the Bells End)".

Commercial performance
When released as a single in September 2003, "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart. Sales and streams in the UK have surpassed 600,000 units, allowing it to receive a platinum certification from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). The single helped the album sell 647,000 copies in the United States as of February 2012. The song became the second highest charting single from a UK band in 2003, finishing behind Lostprophets' single "Last Train Home", released in December of that year.

Music video
The music video for the song was designed to launch the band onto the US market. Directed by Alex Smith, the band are shown on a spaceship, performing, and battling aliens and monsters.

Accolades
In March 2005, Q magazine placed "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" at number 47 in its list of the 101 Greatest Guitar Tracks. It was named the 276th best track of the 2000s by Pitchfork. It is also placed 493 on The 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born on Blender magazine and was ranked number one for Classic Rock magazine's list of "The Greatest Rock Songs of the Noughties." The song was also named the 94th best hard rock song of all time by VH1. In a 2020 poll, Classic Rock readers awarded the song the "Greatest Song of the Century (so far)."

Track listings
UK CD single
 * 1) "I Believe in a Thing Called Love"
 * 2) "Makin' Out"
 * 3) "Physical Sex"

UK limited-edition 7-inch picture disc
 * A. "I Believe in a Thing Called Love"
 * B. "Makin' Out"

Digital EP
 * 1) "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" (single version) – 3:38
 * 2) "Makin' Out" – 3:39
 * 3) "Physical Sex" – 3:33
 * 4) "Out of My Hands" – 3:33

UK DVD single
 * 1) "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" (single version)
 * 2) "Out of My Hands"
 * 3) "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" (video)
 * 4) Video clips

Australian CD single
 * 1) "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" (single version)
 * 2) "Makin' Out"
 * 3) "Physical Sex"
 * 4) "Out of My Hands"
 * 5) "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" (video)

Credits and personnel
Credits are taken from the Permission to Land album booklet.

Studios
 * Recorded at Chapel Studios (Lincolnshire, England)
 * Additional vocals recorded at Paul Smith Music Studios (London, England)
 * Mixed at Roundhouse Recording Studios (London, England)
 * Mastered at The Exchange (London, England)

Personnel

 * Justin Hawkins – writing, vocals, guitar, synthesizer, piano
 * Dan Hawkins – writing, guitar
 * Frankie Poullain – writing, bass
 * Ed Graham – writing, drums
 * Pedro Ferreira – production, mixing, engineering
 * Will Bartle – recording assistant
 * Nick Taylor – mixing assistant
 * Mike Marsh – mastering

Cover versions

 * Hayseed Dixie on their 2004 album Let There Be Rockgrass.
 * Damien Dempsey on the 2003 charity album Even Better Than the Real Thing Vol. 1.
 * Shayne Ward as a contestant on The X Factor in 2005.
 * Lemar on the 2007 BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge album.
 * Artist vs. Poet on the 2010 compilation album Rockin' Romance II.
 * Panic! at the Disco in various live shows.
 * Johnny Robinson as a contestant on The X Factor in 2011.
 * Dylan Everett and Olivia Scriven on Degrassi in 2012.
 * Adam Lambert and Chris Colfer in Glee episode "Frenemies", in 2014.
 * Scott Bradlee and Postmodern Jukebox released a New Orleans jazz version of the song in 2015, featuring Maiya Sykes.
 * Hanson covered the song on their Roots & Rock 'N' Roll EP in 2015.
 * Delta Goodrem on her 2016 album Wings of the Wild.

In popular culture
This song was featured as a playable track on the music video games Karaoke Revolution Volume 2, Guitar Hero On Tour: Decades and Dancing Stage Fusion; as source music in an episode of The Bill; and as part of the soundtracks for the films Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason, Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates, and The Fall Guy. The song was also featured on the original version of SingStar. It is featured in both Rocksmith and Rock Band 3 as downloadable content. The song was featured in a 2012 commercial during Super Bowl XLVI, for the Samsung Galaxy Note. This propelled the song to the number one spot on U.S. iTunes rock chart. The song also appeared in an Apple Music commercial featuring pop singer Taylor Swift in 2016. The song was also used by Tye Dillinger for a theme song for a little while, while he was in Ohio Valley Wrestling.

title: I Believe in a Thing Called Love


text:
Talk:Ann Lee

Question
On another page, it is asserted that Lee claimed to be the Messiah. Is this true? If so, I think the article should reflect it. Jwrosenzweig 18:52, 13 July 2005 (UTC) Mother Ann never claimed to be the Messiah, nor did she allow her followers to believe this. There were some, however, who believed her to be the Second Coming. (source: Sabbath Day Lake Shakers Feb 3, 2005 in response to research questions)

From a National Geographic article in September 1989, the vision that Mother Ann asserted to have in her 30's involved Adam and Eve having intercourse, leading her to believe that this was the Original Sin and such a carnal desire was to be shunned in order to obtain Christ-like perfection. This, as the article continues to say, led to her and others believing she was the female version of the Second Coming, a female Christ, so to speak. (source: The Shakers' Brief Eternity Cathy Newman, National Geographic Sept. 1989

Response: Lee did not herself claim to be the Messiah, but in 1766 she had a sort of "born again" experience in which vision she saw herself as the "woman clothed in the sun" from the Book of Revelations, which gave her a status equivalent to the counterpart of Jesus. Quakerinfo 17:03, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

Response: Jesus stated in Matthew 24:24, " For there shall arise false Christs, and false prophets, and shall shew great signs and wonders; insomuch that, if it were possible, they shall deceive the very elect." Ann Lee was therefore one of these false Christs. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.100.13.189 (talk) 02:30, 3 June 2015 (UTC)

Infobox photo is of Eldress Anna White
As seen in the "Picture is NOT Ann Lee" section above.

And as seen at: Shearonink (talk) 00:13, 2 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Mt. Lebanon New York History Blog
 * Shaker Museum of Mount Lebanon

 * , Yes, thanks! The blog says "Anna White was eldress in the Mt. Lebanon North Family. It is usually her photograph that will appear if you seek an on-line image of Ann Lee."
 * The Shaker Museum image is of "Sister Anna White" - not Ann Lee.–CaroleHenson (talk) 00:34, 2 April 2017 (UTC)

Psychometric portrait
I've uploaded to Wikimedia Commons this 1871 "psychometric portrait," identified by a spirit medium as Ann Lee and reportedly accepted as such by "many" nineteenth century Shakers. See Stephen J. Stein, The Shaker Experience in America: A History of the United Society of Believers (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1992), 232-33. What are the community's thoughts on adding this image to the article in the absence of a contemporary likeness? --Worthington56 (talk) 12:23, 22 June 2017 (UTC)
 * My thoughts are no. It is not a portrait of the subject from life.  Not sure what the policies/guideline are not this sort of thing. Shearonink (talk) 15:44, 22 June 2017 (UTC)

We are the people who turned the world upside down
According to the Wikiquote page, the earliest reference found to this quote was on this website in 2009, so she may not have actually said this. — howcheng  {chat} 01:14, 6 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ann Lee


text:
Beverage function

In catering, beverage functions are functions where beverages are served.

Who pays
One important issue of beverage functions is who pays for the drinks. There are three main scenarios:
 * a cash bar (a.k.a. a no-host bar): Attendees pay for their own drinks.
 * a cash bar with tickets: The host issues vouchers to attendees for a limited number of free drinks, and attendees pay for any further drinks themselves.
 * a host bar (a.k.a. an open bar): The host pays for all drinks, either by the hour, by the bottle, by the drink, or per person.

Choosing among the several options is influenced by several factors. One such factor is etiquette. Providing a cash bar at a function such as a wedding reception is generally considered poor etiquette in the United States.

Another such factor is cost. A cash bar is the least expensive option for a host. However, there are alternatives between a cash bar and a fully open bar that can limit costs. The host can set a hard limit on cost, beyond which all beverages have to be paid for by attendees. The host can specify that specific beverages, such as a few selected types of wines and beers, are paid for by the host, and that attendees pay for all other types of drinks. The host can set a time limit for an open bar, beyond which it reverts to being a cash bar. Or more complex combinations of these can be employed.

Some venues, such as hotels, subject to the terms of their liquor licenses, may allow attendees to bring their own alcoholic drinks to beverage functions. However, they may also charge attendees a fee, usually charged per bottle (either at a flat rate or as a percentage of the bottle's price), for doing so, known as corkage.

Cash bars have their problems for caterers and venue managers. One major problem is the possibility of theft. To prevent this, managers can set up cashiers, who take money and issue drinks tickets, separate from the serving staff who actually serve drinks. Brown and Godsmark recommend to managers that they place only their most trustworthy staff in charge of the cash bars at banquets.

Conversely, open bars have problems for hosts, in that they can result in an increased number of intoxicated, and potentially obnoxious and aggressive, attendees, as compared to other options. With open bars, the level of waste also increases (which is reflected in increased costs to the host). Since attendees do not pay for their drinks, they often do not consider them to be as valuable as they would if they had paid for them themselves. This results in drinks being abandoned or forgotten, or simply discarded by guests who leave their drinks (as they go and do something else) after only partly consuming them and then replace them with fresh ones rather than finishing the drinks that they already had.

Types of drinks served
The types of drinks served at functions can vary, according to the type of the event, and the types and ages of the attendees. In particular, at wedding receptions whether the bride and groom are themselves alcohol drinkers can affect whether attendees pay for their own alcoholic drinks, or indeed whether alcohol is offered at all. Similarly, alcohol is not served at beverage events for children.

Another factor that affects whether alcohol is served is liability, for subsequent intoxication and anything that results from it. Many U.S. jurisdictions allow the victims of accidents to sue not only the person who was intoxicated, but also the person who served the alcohol, the person or company employing the bartender, and the board of directors of the company.

title: Beverage function


text:
Golden Age of Science Fiction

The Golden Age of Science Fiction,  often identified in the United States as the years 1938–1946, was a period in which a number of foundational works of science fiction literature appeared. In the history of science fiction, the Golden Age follows the "pulp era" of the 1920s and 1930s, and precedes New Wave science fiction of the 1960s and 1970s. The 1950s are, in this scheme, a transitional period. Robert Silverberg, who came of age then, saw the 1950s as the true Golden Age.

"Golden Age" science fiction is often termed Campbellian Science Fiction after editor John W. Campbell. In historian Adam Roberts's words, "the phrase Golden Age valorises a particular sort of writing: 'Hard SF', linear narratives, heroes solving problems or countering threats in a space-opera or technological-adventure idiom."

From Gernsback to Campbell
An influence on the creation of the Golden Age was John W. Campbell, who achieved status as the most prominent editor of the time. Isaac Asimov stated that "...in the 1940s, (Campbell) dominated the field to the point where to many seemed all of science fiction." Under Campbell's editorship at Astounding Science Fiction, the genre developed more realism and psychological depth to characterization than in the earlier Gernsbackian "super science" era. The focus shifted from the gizmo itself to the characters using the gizmo.

By consensus, the Golden Age began c. 1938–1939, slightly later than the Golden Age of Detective Fiction, another pulp-based genre. The July 1939 issue of Astounding Science Fiction is sometimes cited as the start of the Golden Age. It included "Black Destroyer", the first published story by A. E. van Vogt, as well as the first appearance by Isaac Asimov in the magazine with the story "Trends". Later author-critic John C. Wright said of Van Vogt's story, "This one started it all." The August issue contained the first published story by Robert A. Heinlein, "Life-Line".

Characteristic tropes
Many of the most enduring science fiction tropes were established in Golden Age literature. Space opera came to prominence with the works of E. E. "Doc" Smith; Isaac Asimov established the canonical Three Laws of Robotics beginning with the 1941 short story "Runaround"; the same period saw the writing of genre classics such as the Asimov's Foundation and Smith's Lensman series. Another frequent characteristic of Golden Age science fiction is the celebration of scientific achievement and the sense of wonder; Asimov's short story "Nightfall" (1941) exemplifies this, as in a single night a planet's civilization is overwhelmed by the revelation of the vastness of the universe. Robert A. Heinlein's novels, such as The Puppet Masters (1951), Double Star (1956), and Starship Troopers (1959), express the libertarian ideology that runs through much of Golden Age science fiction.

Algis Budrys in 1965 wrote of the "recurrent strain in 'Golden Age' science fiction of the 1940s—the implication that sheer technological accomplishment would solve all the problems, hooray, and that all the problems were what they seemed to be on the surface". The Golden Age also saw the reemergence of the religious or spiritual themes—central to so much proto-science fiction prior to the pulp era—that Hugo Gernsback had tried to eliminate in his vision of "scientifiction". Among the most significant such Golden Age narratives are Bradbury's The Martian Chronicles (1950), Clarke's Childhood's End (1953), Blish's A Case of Conscience (1958), and Miller's A Canticle for Leibowitz (1959). A related concurrent (and perhaps ironic) development was the "psi-boom" of the 1950s in which, largely owing to the efforts of John W. Campbell, a variety paranormal phenomena were valorized and integrated into stories.

End of the Golden Age
Asimov said that "[t]he dropping of the atom bomb in 1945 made science fiction respectable" to the general public. He recalled in 1969 "I'll never forget the shock that rumbled through the entire world of science fiction fandom when ... Heinlein broke the 'slicks' barrier by having an undiluted science fiction story of his published in The Saturday Evening Post. The large, mainstream companies' entry into the science fiction book market around 1950 was similar to how they published crime fiction during World War II; authors no longer had to publish only through magazines. Asimov said, however, that

"I myself was ambivalent ... There was a tendency for the new reality to nail the science fiction writer to the ground. Prior to 1945, science fiction had been wild and free. All its motifs and plot varieties remained in the realm of fantasy and we could do as we pleased. After 1945, there came the increasing need to talk about the AEC and to mold all the infinite scope of our thoughts to the small bit of them that had become real."

He continued, "In fact, there was the birth of something I called 'tomorrow fiction'; the science fiction story that was no more new than tomorrow's headlines. Believe me, there can be nothing duller than tomorrow's headlines in science fiction", citing Nevil Shute's On the Beach as example.

Several factors changed the market for magazine science fiction in the mid- and late 1950s. Most important was the rapid contraction of the pulp market: Fantastic Adventures and Famous Fantastic Mysteries folded in 1953, Planet Stories, Startling Stories, Thrilling Wonder Stories and Beyond in 1955, Other Worlds and Science Fiction Quarterly in 1957, Imagination, Imaginative Tales, and Infinity in 1958. In October 1957, the successful launch of the Soviet satellite Sputnik 1 narrowed the gap between the real world and the world of science fiction, as the space race began. Asimov shifted to writing nonfiction he hoped would attract young minds to science, while Heinlein became more dogmatic in expressing libertarian political and social views in his fiction.

In the early 1960s, emerging British writers, such as Brian W. Aldiss and J. G. Ballard, cultivated New Wave science fiction, indicating the direction other writers would soon pursue. Women writers, such as Joanna Russ and Judith Merril, emerged. The leading Golden Age magazine, Astounding Stories, changed its title to Analog Science Fiction and Fact in 1960. John Clute, writing in The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, asserts that it was Frank Herbert's wildly popular novel Dune (1965) that "arguably capped and put paid to the Golden Age of SF. No sf novel since published, it may be, has seemed so sure of the world it describes."

Cultural significance
"Many scientists deeply involved in the exploration of the solar system (myself among them) were first turned in that direction by science fiction. And the fact that some of that science fiction was not of the highest quality is irrelevant. Ten year‐olds do not read the scientific literature."

As a cultural trend that affected the psyches of a great many adolescents during World War II and the ensuing Cold War, science fiction's Golden Age has left a lasting impression upon society. The beginning of the Golden Age coincided with the first Worldcon in 1939 and, especially for its most involved fans, science fiction became a social force. The genre, particularly during its Golden Age, had significant, if somewhat indirect, effects upon leaders in the military, information technology, Hollywood and science itself, especially biotechnology and pharmaceuticals.

Early (1938–1946)

 * Isaac Asimov (1920–1992)
 * Alfred Bester (1913–1987)
 * James Blish (1921–1975)
 * Nelson S. Bond (1908–2006)
 * Leigh Brackett (1915–1978)
 * Ray Bradbury (1920–2012)
 * Fredric Brown (1906–1972)
 * A. Bertram Chandler (1912–1984)
 * John Christopher (1922–2012)
 * Hal Clement (1922–2003)
 * L. Sprague de Camp (1907–2000)
 * Lester del Rey (1915–1992)
 * Robert A. Heinlein (1907–1988)
 * L. Ron Hubbard (1911–1986)
 * Henry Kuttner (1915–1958) (under his own name or with his wife C.L. Moore as "Lewis Padgett")
 * Fritz Leiber (1910–1992)
 * Murray Leinster (1896–1975)
 * C. L. Moore (1911–1987) (under her own name or with her husband Henry Kuttner as "Lewis Padgett")
 * Frederik Pohl (1919–2013)
 * Ross Rocklynne (1913–1988)
 * Eric Frank Russell (1905–1978)
 * Margaret St. Clair (1911–1995)
 * Clifford D. Simak (1904–1988)
 * E. E. "Doc" Smith (1890–1965)
 * Theodore Sturgeon (1918–1985)
 * William Tenn (1920–2010)
 * A. E. van Vogt (1912–2000)
 * Jack Vance (1916–2013)
 * Jack Williamson (1908–2006)
 * John Wyndham (1903–1969)

Later (1947–1959)

 * Poul Anderson (1926–2001)
 * Arthur C. Clarke (1917–2008)
 * Philip K. Dick (1928–1982)
 * James E. Gunn (1923–2020)
 * Harry Harrison (1925–2012)
 * C. M. Kornbluth (1923–1958)
 * Katherine MacLean (1925–2019)
 * Walter M. Miller, Jr. (1923–1996)
 * Chad Oliver (1928–1993)
 * H. Beam Piper (1904–1964)
 * Robert Silverberg (1935–)

Alternative opinions
Robert Silverberg, in a 2010 essay, argued that the true Golden Age was the 1950s, and that the "Golden Age" of the 1940s was a kind of "false dawn". "Until the decade of the fifties", Silverberg wrote, "there was essentially no market for science fiction books at all"; the audience supported only a few special interest small presses. The 1950s saw "a spectacular outpouring of stories and novels that quickly surpassed both in quantity and quality the considerable achievement of the Campbellian golden age", as mainstream companies like Simon & Schuster and Doubleday displaced specialty publishers like Arkham House and Gnome Press.

The English novelist and critic Kingsley Amis endorsed that view when he compiled The Golden Age of Science Fiction: An Anthology (1981), with two thirds of the stories from the 1950s and the remainder from the early 1960s.

title: Golden Age of Science Fiction


text:
Talk:Heartbeat

Vfd results
An article in this space was nominated for deletion. The result of the debate was keep as a disambiguation page. For details, please see Votes for deletion/Heartbeat. -- BD2412 talk 18:55, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

HEARTBEAT
THE HEART BEATS REGULARLY BECAUSE IT HAS IT'S OWN PACEMAKER. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 120.28.163.222 (talk) 06:37, 18 October 2009 (UTC)

Added link
Added link to "Heartbeat", by Claptone ft. Nathan Nicholson, 2016 in Claptone Wikipedia page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.58.239.249 (talk) 14:17, 8 November 2017 (UTC)

 * While your external link at Claptone technically satisfies WP:DABMENTION, it doesn't really add much information for someone looking for "Heartbeat". The song doesn't seem to meet wikipedia's notability requirements for a standalone song article either (Claptone himself only seems marginally notable).  Still, I'd be willing to let the Claptone song be re-listed, but not all my other cleanup edits you keep reverting.  Hoof Hearted (talk) 16:10, 8 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Heartbeat


text:
User talk:Draven87

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG 18:55, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Draven87


text: Template:Campaignbox Anglo-Zulu War

title: Template:Campaignbox Anglo-Zulu War