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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Daddy's Favorite Porridge

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 13:00, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

Daddy's Favorite Porridge
Delete or BJADON Humerous, but not notable. "Daddy's Favorite Porridge" gets 0 Google hits, and it appears to be a simple game someone made up. Icelight 19:16, July 19, 2005 (UTC)
 * BJADON. If nothing else, seems like original research. Superm401 | Talk 19:17, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

Pook. This game's real. I've played it. It's real. Dunno what else to say.
 * This users first edit outside of the creation of the article in question. Icelight 22:07, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

BuyLowSellHigh. Played this game years ago at boarding school in England. Could be a British/European thing, but it's definitely legit.
 * This user's first edit. Icelight 22:07, July 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * Apparently popular amongst sockpuppets but otherwise of little note. delete. Capitalistroadster 00:36, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * ABOVE VOTE TAMPERED WITH. ORIGINAL VOTE WAS DELETE -

The Voice of Reason. Hey, here's a crazy thought. Why don't you guys stop acting like a bunch of colossal tools and leave the stupid entry alone? Honestly, this is pathetic. Do you really have that miserable of lives, where you feel the need to lord your nonexistent powers over everyone else here by playing Wikipedia Nazis? Go outside. Go get laid, for Christ's sake. Go do something -- ANYTHING -- constructive with your time instead of sitting here and acting like your socially inept opinions matter to anyone. You are a bunch of man children. All of you. Who cares if you can Google this entry successfully or not? Who died and made you king of the internet? Seriously. Get. A. Freaking. Life. Yes, "Icelight," I'm talking to you. Do not delete the entry.

 * BobsBigBoy. Agreed. Do not delete.

DO NOT DELETE This is the original poster of the article again. Maybe I can help shed some light on this, because it's clearly caused some confusion. I actually did first play this game in England when I was studying aboard in 2000. It was taught to  me in the kitchen of our dorm by some local students as a drinking game. We then started using it as a means of dividing chores, or deciding who had to do a particularly unappealing duty in the building (kitchen duty for the week, for instance). Now, living in Los Angeles, I've played this game in many contexts. I'm not sure how else to explain it's real other than by offering my experience. I can't vouch for the universality of its name, of course. Perhaps the people who taught it to me renamed it, or perhaps those who taught it to them renamed it. I just don't know. All I do know is it's a common occurrence in my life, the lives of many people I know, to play this game. I'd ask you to not dismiss it just because you haven't happened upon it, and because nobody has chosen to write about it in his blog or on his site (as if being on a personal site confers any legitimacy anyway). Thank you.

DON'T DELETE! Everyone should at least have the opportunity to learn the rules of this clever game. What group of roustabouts wouldn't want to take part in a game where one player per round is burdened with the label of Daddy's Favorite Porridge?! Please don't delete. I've played this game (and loved it), and want others to have the opportunity to learn the rules.

DO NOT DELETE This game is of fairly recent origins, but it is legitimate. I've played it myself a few times. GodAmongMen 00:12, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Sucrose gap

The sucrose gap technique is used to create a conduction block in nerve or muscle fibers. A high concentration of sucrose is applied to the extracellular space, which prevents the correct opening and closing of sodium and potassium channels, increasing resistance between two groups of cells. It was originally developed by Robert Stämpfli for recording action potentials in nerve fibers, and is particularly useful for measuring irreversible or highly variable pharmacological modifications of channel properties since untreated regions of membrane can be pulled into the node between the sucrose regions.

History
The sucrose gap technique was first introduced by Robert Stämpfli in 1954 who worked with Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley between 1947 and 1949. From his research, Stämpfli determined that currents moving along nerve fibers can be measured more easily when there is a gap of high resistance that reduces the amount of conducting medium outside of the cell. Stämpfli observed many problems with the ways that were being used to measure membrane potential at the time. He experimented with a new method that he called the sucrose gap. The method was used to study action potentials in nerve fibers.

Huxley observed Stämpfli's method and agreed that it was useful and produced very few errors. The sucrose gap technique also contributed to Stämpfli's and Huxley's discovery of inhibitory junction potentials. Since its introduction, many improvements and alterations have been made to the technique. One modification of the single sucrose gap method was introduced by C.H.V. Hoyle in 1987. The double sucrose gap technique, which was first used by Rougier, Vassort, and Stämpfli to study cardiac cells in 1968, was improved by C. Leoty and J. Alix who introduced an improved chamber for the double sucrose gap with voltage clamp technique which eliminated external resistance from the node.

Method
A classic sucrose gap technique is typically set up with three chambers that each contain a segment of the neuron or cells that are being studied. The test chamber contains a physiological solution, such as Krebs or Ringer's solution, which mimics the ion concentration and osmotic pressure of the cell's natural environment. Test drugs can also be added to this chamber to study the effect that they have on cellular function. Ag-AgCl or platinum wire electrodes are generally used for stimulating the cells in the test solution. The sucrose chamber (or gap) is the middle chamber that separates the two other chambers, or sections of the nerve fiber or cells. This chamber contains an isotonic sucrose solution of a high specific resistance. Specific resistance describes the ability of a material or solution to oppose electric current, so a sucrose solution of a high specific resistance is effective in electrically isolating the three chambers. The third chamber usually contains a KCl solution that mimics the intracellular solution. The high potassium concentration in this chamber depolarizes the immersed segment of the tissue, allowing potential differences to be measured between the two segments separated by the sucrose gap. Vaseline, silicon grease, or a silicon-vaseline mixture is used to seal the nerve or tissue in position and prevent diffusion of solution between the chambers. A pair of agar-bridged Ag-AgCl electrodes are placed in the test and KCl chambers to record the changes in membrane potential.

Single Sucrose Gap Technique
The single sucrose gap technique is used to study the electrical activity of cells. It is useful in the study of small nerve fibers and electrically connected cells such as smooth muscle cell. The method creates conduction block in a nerve or muscle fiber by introducing a gap of high resistance between two groups of cells. A nonionic sucrose solution is used to increase resistance in the extracellular area between the two groups. This allows all of the current originating on one side of the gap to flow to the other side only through the interior of the nerve or tissue. Changes in electrical potential between the two groups relative to each other can be measured and recorded.

Double Sucrose Gap Technique
Alterations have been made to the single sucrose gap technique. One modification is called the double sucrose gap technique. This is used to measure resistance and membrane potential at the same time. Two chambers containing sucrose solutions are used to isolate a node of the nerve or tissue, which is immersed in a physiological solution. The two ends of the nerve or tissue are depolarized by a solution rich in potassium ions. The potential differences between the node, or test chamber, and one of the potassium-rich chambers can be measured, while the potential in the node can be modified by the current degenerated between the other potassium-rich chamber and the node. The information that is obtained can be used, along with the Ohm's law equation, to determine the membrane resistance of the cells within the node. The double sucrose gap can be used as a voltage clamp as well. When used with proper electronics, the double sucrose gap can be used to voltage clamp the membrane potential of the nerve or tissue segment contained in the test chamber.

Advantages
The sucrose gap technique allows ion currents to be measured in multicellular tissues. Although voltage clamp and patch clamp methods are also effective in studying the functions of neurons, the sucrose gap technique is easier to perform and less expensive. Furthermore, the sucrose gap technique can provide stable recordings from small cells, such as nerve fibers or smooth muscle cells, for an extended period of time. It is very complicated, however, to achieve similar measurements with intracellular or patch-clamp electrodes because they can physically damage small axons or cells. Because of the arrangement of the sucrose gap chambers, the technique of stimulating the neuron or cell is simple and reliable. This method is also useful in studying the changes in membrane potential in response to different pharmacologically active agents, which can be introduced in the test chamber.

Limitations
A major limitation of the single sucrose gap is that it cannot determine the real values of the membrane potential and action potential amplitudes. It can only measure the relative changes in the potential between the regions separated by the sucrose solution because of the shunting effect. Double sucrose gap, however, can measure the membrane potential and resistance. Another limitation is that membrane potentials cannot be obtained from tissues where there is no electrical coupling between the cells (i.e. when the spatial constant, λ, is close to zero). Also, the sucrose solution, which has a low ionic concentration, can deplete the exposed cells of vital intracellular ions such as sodium and potassium, which can affect their viability. This can cause the membrane to become hyperpolarized and affect the conduction of action potentials along the cell. Despite these limitations, the many advantages of the sucrose gap method makes it a useful and reliable technique in neuroscience studies.

Applications
The sucrose-gap technique is used to record membrane activities from myelinated nerves, unmyelinated nerves, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Along with microelectrode methods and patch-clamp methods, the sucrose gap is often used by experimenters to study the nervous system and can serve as an effective method to investigate the effects of drugs on membrane activities. Studies on the effects of choline, acetylcholine, and carbachol on the resting potentials of the superior cervical ganglion in rabbits were conducted using the sucrose-gap method. The recording of membrane potentials in the superior cervical ganglion was made simple with the sucrose-gap method as it allows for separated depolarizing of the ganglion and the internal carotid nerve.

The sucrose-gap technique has been applied to determine the relation between external potassium concentration and the membrane potential of smooth muscle cells using guinea-pig ureters. It has also been used to rectify inaccurate membrane potential measurements resulting from leakage currents through the membrane and extracellular resistance. Correction of an inaccurate membrane current reading is also possible through utilization of the sucrose-gap method.

Developments in the sucrose-gap method have led to double sucrose-gap techniques. A double sucrose-gap is generally advantageous when used to electrically isolate smaller segments of nerve fibers than would be possible with a single sucrose-gap, as was done in studies on membrane potentials and currents in sheep and calf ventricular muscle fibers. The double sucrose-gap technique is also utilized over the single sucrose-gap to study cardiac muscle, where it allows for clearer resolution of early currents, those occurring within the first 10-100 milliseconds of depolarization.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sucrose gap


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User:Cubicalbubble88

My name is Kyle. I am 16 years old from New Jersey. I am fluent in French, conversational in Italian, have dabbled in Ancient Greek and am currently learning Latin and German.

My favorite book is "Swann's Way" by Marcel Proust. My favorite movie is "What Dreams May Come." My birthday is November 4. Yep that's about it.

Interests:
 * Linguistics
 * French
 * Philosophy
 * Existentialism
 * Gay Rights
 * European Literature
 * Albert Camus

Political Persuasion: Liberal Republicanism

Ethnicity: Italian (Sicily) and French

title: User:Cubicalbubble88


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Chiclete com Banana

Chiclete com Banana (Portuguese for "chewing gum with banana") is an Axé music band, currently consisting of Bell Marques, Wadinho Marques, Rey, Waltinho Cruz, Deny and Lelo. The group is named after the very well known and influential song "Chiclete com Banana", written by Gordurinha (Waldeck Artur Macedo; 1922–1969) and Almira Castilho, which was first recorded in 1959 by Brazilian popstar Jackson do Pandeiro and by dozens of performers, including Gilberto Gil.

Chiclete com Banana released its first album, called Estação Das Cores (1983) and Traz os montes, in 1983, and is regarded as one of the most successful bands of the Axé music genre in Brazil. Chiclete rose to fame in Bahia in the 1980s like other axé bands and artists (among them the famous Ivete Sangalo). Today, Chiclete is one of the most popular and expensive micaretas during Carnaval in Bahia, although they perform throughout Brazil all year. Their performance can cost R$400.000 for 2.5 hours of show (about $100,000 USD) or more during Carnaval in Salvador. They usually have anywhere from 200,000 to 500,000 people walking along their sound truck (or Trio Elétrico). This is divided in about 5,000 – 10,000 people inside the "ropes" who bought the abadás, special shirts that everyone wears. The band has its own Trio Elétrico named Tyrannosaurus Rex 2000-2009 and Rex Skydome 2010-2013.

Discography

 * Estação Das Cores (1983)
 * Traz Os Montes (1983)
 * Energia (1984)
 * Sementes (1985)
 * Fissura (1986)
 * Gritos De Guerra (1987)
 * Fé Brasileira (1988)
 * Tambores Urbanos (1989)
 * Toda Mistura Será Permitida (1990)
 * Jambo (1991)
 * Classificados (1992)
 * Chiclete Com Banana (1993)
 * 13 (1994)
 * Banana Coral (1995)
 * Menina Dos Olhos (1996)
 * Para Ti (1997)
 * É Festa (Ao Vivo) (1997)
 * Bem Me Quer (1998)
 * Borboleta Azul (1999)
 * São João De Rua (2000)
 * Chiclete (2000)
 * Santo Protetor (2001)
 * Chiclete Na Caixa Banana No Cacho (Ao Vivo) (2003)
 * Sou Chicleteiro (2004)
 * Chiclete na Ponta da Lingua (2005)

title: Chiclete com Banana


text: File:The Vandals - Look What I Almost Stepped In... cover.jpg


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Kapil Sibal

Kapil Sibal (born 8 August 1948) is an Indian lawyer and politician. A designated Senior Advocate, and currently the President of Supreme Court Bar Association (SCBA) .He has represented several high-profile cases in the Supreme Court of India and is widely regarded as one of the famous lawyers of India. He is a Member of Parliament, in Rajya Sabha.

A University of Delhi and Harvard University graduate, Sibal has practiced law in Wall Street and held several important posts relating to law and administration including Additional Solicitor General, and President of Supreme Court Bar Association. Sibal first entered Rajya Sabha in 1998 to represent Bihar. Before that, he had unsuccessfully contested for the Lok Sabha against Sushma Swaraj. He later contested from Chandni Chowk and won in 2004 and 2009.

As a senior Indian National Congress member then, Sibal served under Prime Minister Manmohan Singh as a minister holding various portfolios over the years. As minister, he headed delegations of India in high-profile international forums. His actions in official capacity were controversial multiple times including when he undertook to regulate internet content. Sibal often was portrayed as an intellectual face of the Congress who batted for the party on television and in regular columns.

In the Supreme Court of India, he usually represented the Congress. He left the Indian National Congress in 2022 to file his nomination for the Rajya Sabha independently but backed by Samajwadi Party. He was elected again as President of Bar Association in the Supreme Court for the year 2024–25.

Early life and education
Sibal was born on 8 August 1948 in Jalandhar in Punjab. His family migrated to India during the partition in 1947. Kapil Sibal moved to Delhi in 1964. After his schooling from St John's High School, he joined St. Stephen's College, Delhi for his B.A. He earned his LL.B. degree from the prestigious Faculty of Law, University of Delhi, and later an M.A. in history from St. Stephen's College, Delhi. He joined the bar association in 1972. In the year 1973, he qualified for Indian Administrative Services and was offered an appointment. But he declined the offer and decided to set up his own law practice. Afterwards, he attended the Harvard Law School where he enrolled for an LL.M. which he completed in 1977. He was designated as senior lawyer in 1983.

In 1989, he was appointed the Additional Solicitor General of India. In 1994, he appeared in the Parliament as a lawyer and successfully defended V. Ramaswami during impeachment proceedings. The impeachment motion was placed in the assembly for debate and voting on 10 May 1993. Of 401 members present in the assembly that day, there were 196 votes for impeachment and no votes against and 205 abstentions by ruling Congress and its allies. He had served as the President of the Supreme Court Bar association on four occasions, i.e. 1995–1996, 1997–1998 and 2001–2002, 2024-2025.

Career
Kapil Sibal joined the Bar association in 1972. He decided to set up his own law practice. He was designated as a Senior Lawyer by the High Court of Delhi on 8th November 1983. He was the Additional Solicitor General of India between 1989 and 1990, as well.

Political career
Over the years, he has held several important positions in the Government of India and the Society, such as: Additional Solicitor General of India (December 1989 – 1990); Member, Board of Management, Indira Gandhi National Open University (1993); President, Supreme Court Bar Association (1995–96, 1997–98 and 2001–2002); Member, Rajya Sabha (July 1998); Member, Executive Council, Institute of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies (July, 2001); Member, Business Advisory Committee (August, 2001); Member, Committee on Home Affairs (January, 2002); Co-chairman, Indo-US Parliamentary Forum (2002); Member, Board of International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (2002); Member, Programme Board of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's Indian AIDS initiative (2003); Member, Working Group on Arbitrary Detention set up by the Human Rights Commission, Geneva.

Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha

In the 2004 general elections, Sibal became an MP by winning the Chandni Chowk constituency against TV actor Smriti Irani of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in the National Capital Territory representing the Congress Party and was inducted into the Cabinet under Prime Minister Manmohan Singh as Union Minister for Science, Technology and Earth Sciences. He won the constituency of Chandni Chowk for the second time for the Indian National Congress in the Lok Sabha elections of 2009.

During his tenure as Telecom Minister his comment about the loss in the 2G spectrum case being only notional and causing "zero loss" created a public outcry and he had to clarify it later. Kapil Sibal was indicted by CAG for favoring M/S Phoenix Rose LLC by overlooking rules and regulations and handpicking that company for creating a database for over 500,000 working professionals of People of Indian Origin settled in the US. CAG's report said that the project's cost was $120,000 but three years after the initiation, the company has dumped the networking site, completing just over 16% of the targeted work.

Also during his time in that office, his move to regulate internet content was criticized across many social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter and Google+.

He represented India in the Annual Meetings of the World Economic Forum in 2005 and 2009 held at Davos, Switzerland. He led the Indian delegation to the Annapolis Conference, USA, held to gather International support for establishment of a Palestinian state and the realization of Israeli–Palestinian peace during November 2007. He led the Indian delegation to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at Bali in December 2007.

Sibal approved the creation of an Indian Institute of Technology Muddenahalli as part of the 11th 5-year plan. He is also the person who introduced the Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) system in India for Class IX and Class X and he has also started the changes in the IIT JEE pattern. He has laid the foundation stone for IIT Patna. After the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, Sibal announced that a fresh onslaught of deadly tsunami were likely along the India southern coast and Andaman and Nicobar Islands, even though there was no sign of turbulence in the region. The announcement was a false alarm and the Home Affairs minister withdrew their announcement. Three days after the announcement, Indian National Congress president Sonia Gandhi called Science & Technology minister Kapil Sibal to express her concern about Sibal's 30 December public warning being "hogwash".

Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha

 * Parliamentary Committee assignments
 * 13 September 2021 onwards: Member Committee on External Affairs

Independent candidate
On 25 May 2022, he filed his nomination for Rajya Sabha elections as an independent candidate with support of Samajwadi Party. Samajwadi Party chief Akhilesh Yadav had accompanied him while he filed his nominations. Subsequently, he broke to the media that he had resigned from the Indian National Congress on 16 May.

Other works
In 2011 Sibal has also announced a touchscreen tablet computer to be co-developed with private partnership. It was to be available to students for inr 1500. Satish Jha, chairman of OLPC India, the leading competitor to this venture, questioned his claim that a $35 laptop could be created in a year. Five state Chief Ministers endorsed the OLPC initiative and the Chief Minister of Rajasthan himself inaugurated the project on the day Sibal showcased his future laptop. The event was attended by two members of the Union Cabinet. This also lead to an open letter by Nicholas Negroponte offering him complete access to MIT and OLPC technologies to help realise India's dream to create a laptop of its own. The computer was eventually released online as the UbiSlate7C1 tablet PC at inr 4199 and the Ubislate7C+ tablet PC at inr 5199. As of February 2012, Datawind had over 1,400,000 pre-orders, but had only shipped 10,000 units - 0.7% of orders. As of November 2012, many customers who put in orders still had not received their computers and were offered refunds.

Publications
An anthology of Kapil Sibal's poems titled I Witness: Partial Observation was published by Roli Books, New Delhi, in August 2008.

His lyrics were also turned into a studio album by A. R. Rahman titled Raunaq: Conversation of Music and Poetry in 2014.

Kapil Sibal wrote the lyrics of the songs "Tere bina" and "Mast hawa" for 2016 Hindi film Shorgul.

Personal life
Kapil Sibal's father was Hira Lall Sibal, a renowned advocate, his family migrated to India during the partition in 1947. In 1994, H.L. Sibal was named a "Living Legend of the Law" by the International Bar Association and in 2006, the Government of India honoured him with the 'Padma Bhushan' award for his distinguished services in the field of Public Affairs. He married Nina Sibal in 1973, who died of breast cancer in 2000. Amit and Akhil, Sibal's two sons from his first marriage, are both lawyers. In 2005, Sibal married Promila Sibal. His brother is Kanwal Sibal, a retired top diplomat of the Indian Foreign Service, and a former foreign secretary of India.

title: Kapil Sibal


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Beck's cognitive triad

Beck's cognitive triad, also known as the negative triad, is a cognitive-therapeutic view of the three key elements of a person's belief system present in depression. It was proposed by Aaron Beck in 1967. The triad forms part of his cognitive theory of depression and the concept is used as part of CBT, particularly in Beck's "Treatment of Negative Automatic Thoughts" (TNAT) approach.

The triad involves "automatic, spontaneous and seemingly uncontrollable negative thoughts" about:
 * The self
 * The world or environment
 * The future

Examples of this negative thinking include:
 * The self – "I'm worthless and ugly" or "I wish I was different"
 * The world – "No one values me" or "people ignore me all the time"
 * The future – "I'm hopeless because things will never change" or "things can only get worse!"

Beck's cognitive model of depression
From a cognitive perspective, depressive disorders are characterized by people's dysfunctional negative views of themselves, their life experience (and the world in general), and their future—the cognitive triad.

People with depression often view themselves as unlovable, helpless, doomed or deficient. They tend to attribute their unpleasant experiences to their presumed physical, mental, and/or moral deficits. They tend to feel excessively guilty, believing that they are worthless, blameworthy, and rejected by self and others. They may have a very difficult time viewing themselves as people who could ever succeed, be accepted, or feel good about themselves and this may lead to withdrawal and isolation, which further worsens the mood.

Cognitive distortions
Beck proposes that those with depression develop cognitive distortions, a type of cognitive bias sometimes also referred to as faulty or unhelpful thinking patterns. Beck referred to some of these biases as "automatic thoughts", suggesting they are not entirely under conscious control. People with depression will tend to quickly overlook their positive attributes and disqualify their accomplishments as being minor or meaningless. They may also misinterpret the care, good will, and concern of others as being based on pity or susceptible to being lost easily if those others knew the “real person" and this fuels further feelings of guilt. The main cognitive distortions according to Beck are summarised below:
 * Arbitrary inference - drawing conclusions from insufficient or no evidence.
 * Selective abstraction - drawing conclusions on the basis of just one of many elements of a situation.
 * Overgeneralisation - making sweeping conclusions based on a single event.
 * Magnification - exaggerating the importance of an undesirable event.
 * Minimisation - underplaying the significance of a positive event.
 * Personalisation - attributing negative feelings of others to oneself.

Depressed people view their lives as devoid of pleasure or reward, presenting insuperable obstacles to achieving their important goals. This is often manifested as a lack of motivation and leads to the depressed person feeling further withdrawal and isolation as they may be seen as lazy by others. Everything seems and feels “too hard to manage” and other people are seen as punishing (or potentially so). They believe that their troubles will continue indefinitely, and that the future will only bring further hardship, deprivation, and frustration. “Paralysis of the will” results from the depressed patients' pessimism and hopelessness. Expecting their efforts to end in failure, they are reluctant to commit themselves to growth-oriented goals, and their activity level drops. Believing that they cannot affect the outcome of various situations, they experience a desire to avoid such situations.

Suicidal wishes are seen as an extreme expression of the desire to escape from problems that appear to be uncontrollable, interminable, and unbearable.

Negative self-schemata
Beck also believed that a depressed person will, often from childhood experiences, hold a negative self-schema. This schema may originate from negative early experiences, such as criticism, abuse or bullying. Beck suggests that people with negative self-schemata are liable to interpret information presented to them in a negative manner, leading to the cognitive distortions outlined above. The pessimistic explanatory style, which describes the way in which depressed or neurotic people react negatively to certain events, is an example of the effect of these schemata on self-image. This explanatory style involves blaming oneself for negative events outside of their control or the behaviour of others (personalisation), believing that such events will continue forever and letting these events significantly affect their emotional wellbeing.

Measuring aspects of the triad
A number of instruments have been developed to attempt to measure negative cognition in the three areas of the triad. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a well-known questionnaire for scoring depression based on all three aspects of the triad. Other examples include the Beck Hopelessness Scale for measuring thoughts about the future and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale for measuring views of the self. The Cognitive Triad Inventory (CTI) was developed by Beckham et al. to attempt to systematically measure the three aspects of Beck's triad. The CTI aims to quantify the relationship between "therapist behaviour in a single treatment session to changes in the cognitive triad" and "patterns of changes to the triad to changes in overall depressive mood". This inventory has since been adapted for use with children and adolescents in the CTI-C, developed by Kaslow et al.

Biological correlates of the cognitive model
Although extensive research supports the cognitive model, there still remained the question of why only a proportion of people exposed to adverse stressors become depressed experiencing negative cognitive biases and pessimistic explanatory style. Many researchers believed there was "blue gene" responsible for impacting neural functioning affecting hyperactivity to negative experiences leading to depression. Technological advancements in the last few decades have indeed been able to verify these genetic variations and explain the structure of the relationship between adverse events, [https://www.theguardian.com/wellness/2024/mar/04/what-is-nervous-system-dysregulation#:~:text=%E2%80%9CNervous%20system%20dysregulation%E2%80%9D%20signifies%20a,stomach%20issues%2C%20and%20partial%20paralysis. neurobiological disregulation] and cognition.

Genetic Vulnerability
Caspi et al. (2003) found that individuals possessing one or two copies of the short genetic variant of the serotonin transporter gene (5HTTLPR) were more prone to experiencing depression following exposure to an adverse life event. The findings of this study have then been replicated by researchers like Kendler et al. (2005) who showed children experiencing maltreatment and carried the 5HTTLPR gene displayed increased sensitivity to severe depression as adults, Vrshek-Schallhorn et al. (2014) who displayed the interaction between stressful life events and the 5HTTLPR gene predicted the onset of depression, Conway et al. (2012) who showed risk of depression as a result of 5HTTLPR gene increasing negative appraisals of adverse events etc. A meta-analysis done by Karg et al. (2011) confirms the moderating effects of the 5HTTLPR gene on perception of stressful events and depression. Additionally, the moderation by this genetic polymorphism seems to occur across a varied levels of stressors, ranging from mild to traumatic.

The relationship between 5HTTLPR and depression has also been found to be moderated by variants of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene, an important neuro-chemical for neural development. These variants are associated with structural and functional abnormalities in the hippocampus, including the HPA axis, which is consistent with findings of MDD patients experiencing symptoms of memory biases and increased stress. Other genes include variants of the FKBP5 gene, a modulator of glucocorticoid receptors, which help predict depression prognosis.

Criticisms of genetic vulnerability to depression include relatively small effect sizes in relation to heritability estimates and difficulty in replication of studies. Additionally, given the wide variation of genes that increase the risk of depression, there is no set consensus on which specific gene creates predispositions to the onset of depression, moreover, establishing depression risk as a heritable component. In fact, the Genome Wide Association has placed an emphasis for exploration on the mutual influence of environmental factors and genes on depression risk given that genetic risk is not necessary for onset of depression.

Genetic predispositions and Cognition
Research has shown that short variant gene of 5HTTLPR is linked to negative recall, attentional and interpretive biases, all of which are known to contribute to negative evaluations of the self, world and future. For example, Hayden et al. (2014) showed that children possessing this gene carried out greater negative processing on a self-referential coding task (a measure of self-schema) following a negative mood induction (by watching sad videos) compared to children with different genotypes thus indicating the association of the gene with biases in information processing.

These biases have been explained by highlighting that the 5HTTLPR polymorphism increases the reactivity of the amygdala, the part of the brain which is responsible for our emotional processing including evaluation and storage of emotionally charged events. This heightened activity leads to increased attentional resources on adverse stressors manifesting a negative attentional bias and exaggerated reactions in mood. This selective focus hence ends up promoting cognitive distortions like overgeneralisation and consequently dysfunctional attitudes about the self, world and future.

Neurophysiology and Cognition
The role of the amygdala is vital in understanding the onset of depression. Its function has been known to be influenced by serotonergic dysfunction (low levels of serotonin) which is primarily associated with the 5HTTLPR gene.

This gene polymorphism promotes hyperactivity of the amygdala through decreased pre-frontal cortex activity following the exposure to negative stimuli. The pre-frontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in assessing stimuli, decision-making and inhibiting behaviour as a result of emotional processing of the amygdala. This means diminished cognitive control from the PFC and hyperactivity of the amygdala would result in increased emotional appraisal of events and failure to inhibit negatively biased cognitions. As a result, MDD patients perceive stimuli and base decisions about themselves, the world and the future through a negatively distorted emotional lens.

The disregulation of Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis has also been consistent in these findings. The hyperactivity of the amygdala can lead to excessive cortisol production which has known to solidify memory consolidation. Increased memory consolidation while experiencing an emotional stressor means increased attentional resources on the adverse memory which in turn contribute to negative schema formation about a particular event as well as prolong re-enforcement of negative beliefs.

Re-imagined cognitive model of depression
Given the findings of biological and neurophysiological correlations to negative cognition, Beck draws a pragmatic relationship between the different levels to re-imagine and expand the cognitive model of depression. According to Beck, genetic diathesis, usually manifesting in the form of the short variant of the 5HTTLPR gene, leads to excessive reactivity of the amygdala and decreased PFC activity emphasising an increased focus on negative emotional reactivity and their deficient reappraisal. This triggers negative attentional biases formulating cognitive distortions like selective abstraction and magnification establishing negative cognitive perceptions. A collection of these perceptions form dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs about oneself, the world and the future in the form of negative schemas (framework of a collection of ideas). Repeated processing of events in this way strengthen the content of these schemas. The negative perceptions and interpretations also set off the HPA axis producing cortisol stimulating the consolidation of negative memories and emotions associated with the adverse stimuli. As a result, the cognitive triad is enabled and depressive symptoms manifest and persist.

Criticisms
An obvious criticism of this model is that it mainly focuses on the 5HTTLPR gene as the genetic diathesis whereas other genes have also been known to be associated with depressive symptoms. Additionally, most of the claims made in the theory are based on correlations. Moreover, one does not know whether it is decrease in serotonin or hyperactivity of the amygdala that directly causes depression. It is also unidentified how the 5HTTLPR gene causes the hyperactivity of the amygdala. A study also showed patients treated with cognitive therapy compared to those treated pharmaceutically did not show increase in cognitive depression symptoms when made to deplete their serotonin levels. This highlights an existing complex relationship between serotonin and cognition that requires further clarification.

title: Beck's cognitive triad


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Albert Harris - Coconut shy B.jpg

Coconut shy
A couple of weeks ago, the funfair came to town and this my favourite portrait from the many pictures I took. In common with most other showmen, Albert Harris has spent all his life travelling with the fair and continues to run the sidestall established by his mother. Illustrates coconut shy. -- Solipsist 19:17, 19 July 2005 (UTC) 10/1/1 Jtkiefer  T - 02:26, August 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Self-nomination and support. - Solipsist 19:17, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I like the picture, though I'm not sure whether or not it illustrates coconut shy all that well, as the game is in the background and partially obscured. I think it's probably more illustrative of carny or sidestall/carnival game (neither of which has an article) --CVaneg 22:25, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * That's a good point. Infact we do effectively have an article on sidestalls as a section within funfair and this picture is already illustrating that section. Might as well make that a redirect. Carny looks like an Americanism - Mr Harris would actually be a fairground showman and again there is some discussion of showmen in the funfair article, although some of that could arguably be split off. -- Solipsist 06:27, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
 * ( − ) Oppose * very red, and I can't actually see any coconuts writing on the signs at the back is a bit dubious in character --Fir0002 09:56, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thats odd, I can see five - Adrian Pingstone 08:32, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh I can see it now! they're at the back! I always thought that you threw coconuts at a coconut shy, but obvioulsy you aim to hit the coconuts! --Fir0002 10:00, July 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support for its placement in funfair. —Cryptic (talk) 11:22, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, good photo, adds to the articles -- Chris 73 Talk 22:46, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support cheerful photo. Phoenix2 03:20, July 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Support - striking pic - Adrian Pingstone 08:32, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. Interesting slice of life of the person as well as the surroundings. I wouldn't say it's overly red - it's as overly red as a picture of the sea is overly blue. Enochlau 11:29, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose --ScottyBoy900Q ∞ 20:33, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Neutral--Has anyone actually read the signs in th background? They seem a little ify for a featured picture. TomStar81 20:39, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support -- With the sign issue fixed I don't really have a good reason to oppose, and I do kinda like the picture. TomStar81 05:29, 3 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Worthy of featured status for those suspenders alone ;)! Junes 21:59, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Support. I too see five coconuts. ;) 'Carny' is indeed a term not in use at all or not in wide use at best in the UK. The posters at back aren't too bad and if a subversive humour is commonly used at fairs then a pic should echo it within reason (which this is). Whitehorse1 02:04, 31 July 2005
 * Support Ahkayah cuarenta y siete 21:28, 31 July 2005 (UTC)


text:
Look What I Almost Stepped In...

Look What I Almost Stepped In... is the eighth studio album by the southern California punk rock band The Vandals, released in 2000 by Nitro Records. It was recorded in April 2000. It was the band's final album for Nitro, as they moved to their own label Kung Fu Records the following year.

Composition
Much of the album is characterized by the pop-punk music and humorous lyrics for which the band is known.

Although regular Vandals drummer Josh Freese is credited as a band member and appears in band photos in the album's liner notes, he was unavailable to play on the album due to other musical commitments. The band therefore called on regular substitute Brooks Wackerman, who had filled in for Freese on several occasions as a touring drummer. Wackerman himself is an accomplished drummer who would join Bad Religion the following year. The album also features guest appearances by Dexter Holland of The Offspring (who also co-wrote "Jackass"), Jack Black and Kyle Gass of Tenacious D, musician/actor/screenwriter Scott Aukerman, and members of the New Jersey band Bigwig.

Release
Look What I Almost Stepped In... was released in August 2000. In October, the band embarked on a tour of the UK, with support from the Ataris and Bigwig. Between June and August 2001, the group performed on the Warped Tour. Later in the month, the band played three shows in the UK as part of the Extreme 2001 festival.

Personnel

 * Dave Quackenbush - vocals
 * Warren Fitzgerald - guitar, backing vocals
 * Joe Escalante - bass, backing vocals
 * Brooks Wackerman - drums
 * Jack Black - backing vocals on "Fourteen"
 * Kyle Gass - backing vocals on "Fourteen"
 * Scott Aukerman - backing vocals on "That's My Girl"
 * Dexter Holland - backing vocals on "Jackass"
 * Bigwig - gang vocals

Album information

 * Record label: Nitro Records
 * Recorded at Grand Master Studios in Hollywood, California
 * Produced by Warren Fitzgerald
 * Engineered by:
 * Bradley Cook at Grand Master Studios in Hollywood with assistance from Andrew Alekel
 * Chris Sheldon at Westlake Studios in Hollywood with assistance from Jason Rankins
 * Eddy Schreyer at Oasis Mastering in Studio City, California
 * John Tyree (assistant engineer) at Ocean Way in Hollywood
 * Mixed by Chris Sheldon at Westlake Studios in Hollywood
 * Mastered at Oasis Mastering in Studio City
 * All songs copyright 2000 by Puppety Frenchman Music, SEAC
 * Cover art by Shag
 * Art direction by Kris Martinez
 * Band photo by Lisa Johnson
 * Additional artwork by Mickey Stern

title: Look What I Almost Stepped In...


text:
Talk:Look What I Almost Stepped In...

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title: Talk:Look What I Almost Stepped In...


text:
Toryumon (Último Dragón)

Toryumon (闘龍門) is the name of several professional wrestling promotions that have operated in Japan and Mexico. The promotions were owned and operated by Yoshihiro Asai, who is best known under the ring name Último Dragón. Toryumon is a coined word that means Fighting Dragon Gate. The word was derived from the homonym Tōryūmon (登龍門) that literally means climbing up the dragon gate (or less literally climbing up the gateway to success). The Toryumon Mexico promotion was originally created to give graduates of the Último Dragón Gym a promotion to gain their initial in-ring experience in. Its Japan-based sister promotion Toryumon Japan developed a major cult following and grew into becoming one of the hottest independent promotions in the country. The promotion would run for five years. On July 4, 2004, Último Dragón left the promotion and took the name and trademarks with him. Toryumon Japan's wrestlers and officials decided to form a new promotion, adopting the name Dragon Gate (later Dragongate) and continuing in the traditions of Toryumon. Since then Último Dragón would continue to promote Toryumon events mainly in Mexico but also has occasionally held shows in Japan until 2020 when he signed with Dragongate.

History
During his time working for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in the United States Japanese wrestler Último Dragón decided to open up a wrestling school in Naucalpan, Mexico to give Japanese hopefuls the chance to learn the Mexican lucha libre style like Dragón had. The wrestling school operated after the same principles of a university, divided into classes with several terms where wrestlers would "graduate" (debut) at the same time. The Ultimo Dragon Gym's first graduating term consisted of Cima, Don Fujii, Dragon Kid, Magnum Tokyo and Suwa who collectively became known as Toryumon Japan (a name that would be used for the first four terms). Toryumon promoted their first show on May 11, 1997, in Naucalpan, Mexico on a show that was co-promoted with International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG). Toryumon and IWRG would co-promote shows in Japan from 1997 until 2001, allowing the Ultimo Dragon Gym graduates to work on IWRG shows and even saw several graduates wrestlers win IWRG Championship. Through his contacts with WCW Último Dragón also arranged for some of his first term graduates to wrestle on World Championship Wrestling shows. On January 1, 1999, Toryumon held its first show in Japan and from that point forward began promoting regular shows in Japan. Toryumon's combination of traditional Japanese Puroresu, Mexican Lucha Libre and elements of Sports Entertainment that Último Dragón had observed while working for WCW such as outside interference and referee's being knocked out, something that at the time was not traditionally used in Japanese wrestling. The second class of Último Dragón Gym graduates began their own promotion, called the Toryumon 2000 Project, or T2P for short. The T2P promotion debuted on November 13, 2001, and became known for their use of the six-sided wrestling ring, the first promotion to regularly use such a ring shape. T2P wrestlers primarily used a submission based style called Llave (Spanish for "Key" the lucha libre term for submission locks). T2P ran until January 27, 2003, when the roster was absorbed into Toryumon. The third graduating class was known as "Toryumon X" and like T2P also started their own promotion under their class name. Toryumon X made its debut on August 22, 2003, and lasted until early 2004.

Último Dragón had been forced to retire from active competition in 1998 after a mistake during an elbow surgery that caused nerve damage. In 2001 Dragón had another round of surgery on his elbow, restoring mobility and feeling. Following his rehabilitation Último Dragón made his return to active wrestling on a Toryumon / T2P co-promoted pay-per-view on September 8, 2002. In the following months Dragón wrestled regularly for Toryumon and various companies around the world. Because of his active scheduled Último Dragón stepped down as the director of Toryumon leaving the job to Takashi Okamura. Okamura handled the job while Dragón began working full-time for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) in the United States. After his run with WWE ended Dragón returned to Japan and announced that he was leaving Toryumon and taking all the trademarks he owned with him. Toryumon Japan changed its name to Dragon Gate as a result of this, continuing the traditions of Toryumon Japan including references to Último Dragón. Since the break Toryumon has primarily promoted shows in Mexico, featuring students trained by Dragón and Jorge "Skayde" Rivera and a number of wrestlers from various Mexican and American promotions.

In Japan a group of remaining Toryumon students, including ousted members of Dragon Gate, joined with the internet-firm Livedoor to create the promotion dragondoor, a promotion that only ran six shows. The group launched another wrestling venture in 2006 called El Dorado: Next Door Project.

In 2020, Toryumon Mexico would quietly close its doors with Dragón later founding Toryumon Casa in 2022, as base to serve as the home promotion for Japanese wrestlers from Dragongate and Pro Wrestling Noah who had been sent on learning excursions in Mexico.

Shows and events
Toryumon Japan runed a series of PPVs under the names Vamonos Amigos ("Let's go friends" in Spanish) and "Revolucion" ("Revolution") as well as an annual anniversary show. They also held an annual Numero Uno League that became one of the highlights of the promotional year. Since the split in 2004 Toryumon has not promoted any major shows or PPVs, focusing their promotional efforts on Toryumon Mexico. In Mexico Dragón promoted an annual DragonMania show, with the last being DragonMania XI held on May 28, 2016. In August 2017 Toryumon Mexico started working with All Japan Pro Wrestling in with a collaborated event tour called Lucha Fiesta.

Championships promoted
Before the Dragon Gate split in 2004 Toryumon Japan promoted a series of championships, only one of which originated in the promotion, Último Dragón Gym Championship, the rest were either bought from its previous owner or acquired after promotions closed. When the promotion turned to Dragon Gate all its championships were vacated, leaving only the Toryumon Mexico promoted titles.

Suzuki Cup
Suzuki Cup is a Team Tournament that began in 2007

 * 2007: Marco Corleone, Kensuke Sasaki and Ultimo Dragon
 * 2008: Alex Koslov, Marco Corleone and Ultimo Dragon

Young Dragons Cup
Every year Toryumon Mexico holds the Young Dragons Cup, an annual tournament that began in 1997. The tournament is used to showcase Dragon Gym students. Originally it was a traditional single-elimination tournament, in 2006 it was changed into a torneo cibernetico and has had that format ever since. Rocky Romero, Kota Ibushi, Ryuji Yamaguchi and Trauma II are the only tournament winners who were not actually trained by Último Dragón.

 * 1997: Magnum Tokyo
 * 1998: Genki Horiguchi
 * 1999: Yasushi Kanda
 * 2000: Milano Collection AT
 * 2001: Toru Owashi
 * 2002: Taiji Ishimori
 * 2003: Takeshi Minamino
 * 2004: Rocky Romero
 * 2005: Kazuchika Okada
 * 2006: Kota Ibushi
 * 2007: Ryuji Yamaguchi
 * 2008: Satoshi Kajiwara
 * 2009: Trauma II
 * 2010: Angélico

Yamaha Cup
Toryumon Mexico holds the Yamaha Cup about once a year, although there have been years without a Cup. The Yamaha Cup is a tag team tournament that features a mixture of Último Dragón trainees and a combination of wrestlers from the Mexican Independent circuit, IWRG and Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL).
 * 2000: Susumu Mochizuki and Yasushi Kanda
 * 2003: Taiji Ishimori and Shu Sato
 * 2004: Mini Cima and SUWAcito
 * 2005: Hiromi Horiguchi and Ryusuke Taguchi
 * 2006: Johnny Stamboli and Chuck Palumbo
 * 2008: Último Dragón and Yutaka Yoshie
 * 2010: Angélico and El Hijo del Fantasma
 * 2012: Angélico and Último Dragón

title: Toryumon (Último Dragón)


text:
Scotty's Castle

Scotty's Castle (also known as Death Valley Ranch) is a two-story Mission Revival and Spanish Colonial Revival style villa located in the Grapevine Mountains of northern Death Valley in Death Valley National Park, California, US. Scotty's Castle is named for gold prospector Walter E. Scott, although Scott never owned it, nor is it an actual castle.

The ranch is located about 45 mi north of Stovepipe Wells, California, via California State Route 190 to Scotty's Castle Road, or about a three-hour drive from Las Vegas, Nevada.

Scotty's Castle was severely damaged by flooding in October 2015, and a fire in 2021 that destroyed the historic garage/workshop that was used as the visitor center. These caused Scotty's Castle to be temporarily closed to the public. On December 9, 2023, the official social media accounts of Death Valley National Park announced that they were opening “Scotty’s Castle Flood Recovery Walking Tours” for Winter 2023/2024, running most Sunday mornings from December 10, 2023, through March 10, 2024, despite many of the park's main roads still being closed from damage caused by Hurricane Hilary.

History
Construction began on Scotty's Castle in 1922, and cost between $1.5 and $2.5 million. Prospector, performer, and con man Walter Scott, born in Cynthiana, Kentucky, also known as "Death Valley Scotty," convinced Chicago millionaire Albert Mussey Johnson to invest in Scott's gold mine in the Death Valley area. Though initially angered when the mine turned out to be fraudulent, Johnson was fascinated with the colorful Scott and the two men struck up an unlikely friendship. By 1937, Johnson had acquired more than 1500 acre in Grapevine Canyon, where the ranch is located.

After Johnson and his wife Bessie made several trips to the region, and his health improved, construction began. It was Mrs. Johnson's idea to build something comfortable for their vacations in the area, and the villa eventually became a winter home.

The Johnsons hired Martin de Dubovay as the architect, Mat Roy Thompson as the engineer and head of construction, and Charles Alexander MacNeilledge as the designer.

Unknown to the Johnsons, the initial survey was incorrect, and the land they built Death Valley Ranch on was actually government land; their land was farther up Grapevine Canyon. Construction halted as they resolved this mistake, but before it could resume, the stock market crashed in 1929, making it difficult for Johnson to finish construction. Having lost a considerable amount of money, the Johnsons used the Death Valley Ranch to produce income by letting rooms out, upon the suggestion of Scott.

The Johnsons died without heirs and had hoped that the National Park Service would purchase the property, and in 1970, the National Park Service purchased the villa for $850,000 from the Gospel Foundation (the socially-oriented charity Johnson founded in 1946), to which the Johnsons had left the property. Walter Scott, who was taken care of by the Gospel Foundation after Johnson's death, died in 1954 and was buried on the hill overlooking Scotty's Castle.

In person
Approximately 100,000 people tour the villa each year. The Johnsons' original furnishings and clothing can still be seen today. The National Park Service gives guided tours of Scotty's Castle for a fee. Park rangers dress in 1930s style clothes to help take the visitor back in time. During the tour, guests are treated to the sounds of a 1,121-pipe Welte theater organ.

An underground mystery tour is also available for those wishing to see the inner workings of the building. One-quarter mile of tunnels run under the building, where visitors can visit the powerhouse and see thousands of tiles that were to be used for the never-finished swimming pool. The tunnels also contain hundreds of nickel-iron battery cells, used to regulate power and provide backup power. The main house tour is ADA accessible, but the underground tour is not.

Video
Scotty's Castle is featured in Episode 607 of California's Gold with Huell Howser.

Virtual reality
Scotty's Castle can be toured in 3D virtual reality from a computer, smartphone, or with VR goggles - the result of a collaboration between the Death Valley Conservancy and the National Park Service.

Water and electricity
The springs of Grapevine Canyon provided the water supply for the ranch and were used to generate electricity. The springs, located about 300 ft higher than the villa, generated enough water flow and pressure to turn a Pelton wheel, which ran the generator that furnished the villa's electricity. The power was regulated and backed up by the large bank of nickel–iron batteries in the house's tunnels. The springs provided enough water to meet all the needs of the ranch, with enough left for other uses.

A water fountain was constructed in the Great Hall, where water dripped down a rock face creating evaporative cooling and into a catch basin for recirculation. A 1930s solar water heater, much larger than today's solar water heaters, is near the main house, and a large stock of railroad ties salvaged from the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad is in the area.

2015 flood damage
On October 18, 2015, the Death Valley area was hit by a significant rain storm, receiving nearly 3 in of rain as the storm stalled over the Grapevine Canyon area for five hours. Flash flooding struck Scotty's Castle, leaving mud and debris stacked along the perimeter of the structures, up to 1 ft high inside the visitor center, and the access road to the property was destroyed. The flood caused the property to be closed for an extended period of time while repairs to the property are carried out and a new access road is built. The NPS has stated that the castle itself is not likely to re-open to the public until 2023, though "flood recovery tours" of the grounds happened between December 2017 and April 14, 2018.

2021 outbuildings fire
A fire on April 22, 2021, destroyed the historic garage/workshop dating from 1922 that was used as the visitor center, along with another historic outbuilding on the property. Upon investigation, the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection reported that the fire started inside the Visitor Center. However, investigators were not able to conclusively determine the cause of the fire. While the main castle building was unscathed, this delayed the property rehabilitation efforts and pushed back the public reopening until 2023. The National Park Service intends to rebuild the garage/workshop.

In popular culture
Scotty's Castle was featured in a 2023 episode of the paranormal reality show Ghost Adventures, coming as a result of several claims surrounding the location being haunted. These claims revolve around allegations and interviews regarding Walter Scott, the 2015 flood, the 2021 fire, and recountings of activity in the mansion. The Ghost Adventures team experienced several instances of what they interpreted as paranormal activity, including electronic voice phenomenon recordings (EVPs) and strange SLS camera footage, IR footage and photographs.

title: Scotty's Castle


text:
Odd Roger Enoksen

Odd Roger Enoksen (born 25 September 1954 in Å, Andøy) is a Norwegian politician representing the Norwegian Centre Party. He served as minister of defence from 2021 to 2022. He was also leader of the Centre Party from 1999 to 2003. Further, he served as minister of local government and deputy to the prime minister from 1999 to 2000, and minister of petroleum and energy from 2005 to 2007.

Education
Having an agronomist education, Enoksen previously worked as a farmer, as well as running a business for peat products.

Parliament
He was first elected as deputy representative to the Storting in 1989, after a career in local politics. He was elected ordinary representative to the Storting from 1993 until 2005.

Minister of Local Government
Following a cabinet reshuffle on 16 March 1999, Enoksen was appointed Minister of Local Government and Regional Development in Kjell Magne Bondevik's first cabinet. On 8 October, he was also appointed deputy to the prime minister. He held both positions until 17 March 2000, when the government resigned following issues of gas power stations.

Party leader
Enoksen became deputy leader of his party in 1997, and following the retirement of Anne Enger Lahnstein in 1999, he became party leader. Åslaug Haga replaced him in 2003.

Minister of Petroleum and Energy
When the Red-Green Coalition in 2005 formed the first majority government in Norway since 1985, Enoksen became the Minister of Petroleum and Energy. He held the position until 2007 when he left Jens Stoltenberg's Cabinet and was replaced by Åslaug Haga. He said he wanted to focus on his family as a main reason for his departure.

Minister of Defence
On 14 October 2021, Enoksen was appointed minister of defence in Støre's Cabinet.

Upon assuming office, Enoksen was faced with the issue of his native hometown, Andøya's Air Station being closed down and fighter jets moved to Evenes Air Station. However, further issues at the latter air station were also revealed, notably de-icing pollution and a higher price cost for the move long term.

Enoksen defended Støre's prospect of sending observers to the summit on a nuclear ban in Vienna in early 2022, saying that Norway would "listen to what goes on within the treaty work", and specified it was in no way a breach of NATO’s view. He also acknowledged that Norway's action could be faced with criticism within NATO.

After NATO expelled several Russian diplomats alleged to be spies, Enoksen expressed hope to mend relations with Russia. He further stressed the importance of Norway having a regional role in the north, but also manding the relations with Russia and having dialog. Enoksen also emphasised that the United States would continue to be a close ally and said "there should be no doubt" about it.

Enoksen attended a NATO Ministers of Defence summit between 21 and 22 October in Brussels. Following the meeting, he confirmed that other member states expressed concern that other countries might follow Norway's lead. He also said that some members expressed support for Norway's lead. Despite Enoksen reassuring that Norway's plan to send observers wouldn't breach NATO's view on a nuclear ban, the Conservative Party's Ine Eriksen Søreide, reiterated the contrary that it would in fact do exactly that.

Ahead of the revised state budget, Enoksen announced that 50 million NOK would be spent on bettering living conditions in living quarters within the Army. He did however note that it was up to the Chief of Defence to decide what the money would be spent on.

On 16 November, Enoksen met U. S. Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin at The Pentagon, where they discussed the security situation in the North. They also signed a road map for further development cooperation between their armed forces. Enoksen expressed to the press that they were to be expecting that Russia would continue to test and develop weapon systems up North.

In early December, after making a statement where he called the immigration situation at the Polish-Belarusian border for "not acceptable use of resources", Enoksen was criticised by the Conservative Party's defence policy spokesperson Hårek Elvenes. He questioned Enoksen if the government took a different stance then the European Union, United States and an allied country. Enoksen emphasised: "Norway is, of course, behind our allies. But we as a nation must also have our own opinion on the ways in which our allies react, and whether this is within what we think is acceptable or not". He also stressed that his statement was related to one specific event.

A new Defence Commission was set up on 17 December to determine the Norwegian Army's next long term plan for the 2025–2028 period. Of why a new commission was needed, Enoksen said: "These are complex, complicated and new challenges we face as a society". He also stated that "we are facing a completely new security policy situation".

After the Incidents at Sea treaty had been updated and signed, Enoksen commented in a press release: "This is an important contribution to security and predictability at a time when military activity in our immediate areas is changing". The treaty is intended to prevent dangerous incidents at sea and in the air.

In response to a written question from Red Party leader Bjørnar Moxnes in January 2022, regarding if NATO had asked Norway to move troops to the Baltic states or near the Russian border; Enoksen responded: "The Armed Forces operates at home and abroad together with allies to protect Norwegian security. The Armed Forces also has forces that are on domestic preparedness and in readiness for NATO. We therefore follow the situation closely". He went on to say: "NATO is constantly monitoring Russia's forces building near Ukraine, and is considering, together with member states, the need to adapt allied presence, including in Lithuania". Moxnes' question came in light of Denmark announcing that they would deploy four fighter jets and one frigate to patrol near the Baltic states.

In a joint press conference with foreign minister Anniken Huitfeldt on 14 January, Enoksen states that Europe, Norway and the Ukraine were in a serious situation. He said there were continuous reason to be concerned about military force in Ukraine, while also noting that it was Russia's responsibility to deescalate. Enoksen also said that the military exercise Cold Response would still take place as planned, saying: "From the Norwegian side, it is important to maintain a non-escalating profile and that we are open and clear about our own military activity". He added that Russia would be notified about the exercise as they traditionally have.

Enoksen cancelled his scheduled appearance at a security conference in Munich lasting from 18-20 February, travelling back to Norway in order to be "more available to make decisions as the situation stands" regarding Ukraine. He also stated that "there are no good signs right now" regarding Russia. He did also express hope that Russia was still interested in dialog and to have meetings.

Enoksen didn't rule out the possibility of having to deploy Norwegian soldiers to neighbouring countries of Ukraine, if NATO deems it necessary. He also stated that they are sending more soldiers to Lithuania, where Norway already has previously deployed them.

At a press conference on 27 February, Enoksen announced that Ukraine specifically requested helmets and protective vests to be sent, and added that other requests would be considered consecutively. Earlier the same day, Enoksen was present at Oslo Gardermoen Airport to oversee the deployment of Norwegian troops on a NATO mission to Lithuania.

Enoksen had to postpone a visit to Sweden to meet with his Swedish counterpart, Peter Hultqvist, on 8 and 9 March, after having tested positive for COVID-19.

Enoksen announced on 16 March that NATO's defence ministers had agreed on a summit that NATO should rearm further. He also announced that the Norwegian government would put forward a plan to strengthen the Army by Friday that week.

In early April, Hilde Lengali, a former deputy leader of the Nordland Centre Party, delivered a formal complaint against Enoksen, alleging that he had inappropriately touched her and commented on her look about 20 years prior. Enoksen responded saying that he had no recollections of said events with the exception of the mentioned comment. He did however apologise for what happened.

Despite his apology to Lengali, another woman, who remained anonymous, came forward with a similar story about a relationship with Enoksen when he was petroleum and energy minister. In the early hours of 9 April, Enoksen announced that he had asked to resign as defence minister. Later the same day, Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre announced that he had accepted Enoksen's resignation. He left his position on 12 April, and was succeeded by Bjørn Arild Gram.

Other
Since 2005 Enoksen has been the Managing Director of Andøya Rocket Range.

title: Odd Roger Enoksen


text:
User talk:Baskholm

Welcome!

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Happy editing! Redux 19:20, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Baskholm


text:
Category:Buskers

People in this category are either current or past buskers. Some people listed here may be considered 'local legends', while others may have made it into the more mainstream entertainment industry.

title: Category:Buskers


text:
Handelsblatt

The Handelsblatt (literally "commerce paper" in English) is a German-language business newspaper published in Düsseldorf by Handelsblatt Media Group, formerly known as Verlagsgruppe Handelsblatt.

History and profile
Handelsblatt was established in 1946 by journalist Herbert Gross, but after some months Friedrich Vogel (1902–1976) became publisher. In 1969, Georg von Holtzbrinck became partner of Friedrich Vogel. Since 2021, its editor-in-chief is Sebastian Matthes. Its publisher, Handelsblatt Media Group, also publishes the weekly business magazine Wirtschaftswoche of which the editor-in-chief is Beat Balzli. Handelsblatt headquarters are in Düsseldorf.

Since September 2005 Handelsblatt has been offering an online lexicon called WirtschaftsWiki which features definitions of terms used in economics and politics. The database can be modified by any registered user.

In September 2006 Handelsblatt ranked all economists working in Germany, Austria and the German-speaking part of Switzerland. The paper is published in compact format.

In 2009, Dieter von Holtzbrinck bought Der Tagesspiegel, Handelsblatt and Wirtschaftswoche from the Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group.

Handelsblatt had a circulation of 127,546 daily copies in 2018.

Handelsblatt Today
An English-language digital edition was launched in 2014, called Handelsblatt Global Edition, which aimed to reach an international audience interested in German business and finance news. It was published five days a week from its editorial office in Berlin with editor-in-chief, Kevin O'Brien at the helm. In 2017, under a new editor-in-chief, Andreas Kluth, the publication avoided the direct translation of German-language articles and instead worked through differences between German and Anglophone journalistic traditions to add details that English readers were accustomed to. The site was renamed Handelsblatt Today in 2018, but, unable to create a business model and reach a substantial audience to generate revenue, Kluth announced that publication would cease on 27 February 2019.

Anti-Vaccine controversy
On the 25th of January 2021, Handelsblatt published an unsourced story falsely claiming that the Oxford-Astrazeneca COVID-19 vaccine was only 8% effective in over 65's. Astrazeneca and the University of Oxford issued statements denying these claims. This story was refuted by the German Health Ministry which clarified that 8% actually referred to the number of people in the study between 56 and 69 years old. Markus Lehmkuhl, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology's Professor for Science Communication, stated that Handelsblatt "turned the matter into a 'he says, she says' story to absolve itself of responsibility for spreading stupid stuff."

Editors-in-chief

 * Herbert Gross (1946 for some months)
 * Friedrich Vogel
 * Hans Mundorf
 * Thomas Knipp (2002–2004) and Bernd Ziesemer (2002–2010)
 * Gabor Steingart (2010–2013)
 * Hans-Jürgen Jakobs (2013–2016)
 * Sven Afhüppe (2016–2020)
 * Sebastian Matthes (since 2020)

title: Handelsblatt


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Molatar

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was RESULT: Speedied by Manning 00:37, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

Molatar
Delete - Web site advert / Vanity / not notable - Nearly speediable as vandalism. Tεx τ  urε  19:21, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per above. Friday 19:37, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete shouldn't printing someone's address make it speediable? -- Etacar11   23:51, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and speedy if possible. DreamGuy 00:03, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

Speedied by Manning 00:31, July 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Molatar