text:
MB2 Motorsports

MB2 Motorsports was a NASCAR Cup Series team based in Mooresville, North Carolina, near the sport's hub in Charlotte. The team was founded by Read Morton, Tom Beard, and Nelson Bowers, from which the original team name derived. Bowers was the longest tenured of the original owners, and the listed owner of the teams' entries when resort and real-estate developer Bobby Ginn bought out the team (with his family having 80% ownership; longtime team director Jay Frye owned the remaining 20% of the rebranded team) in 2007, renaming it to Ginn Racing for that season only. The Valvoline corporation co-owned the No. 10 (later the No. 14) car with the principal owners from 2001 to 2005 as MBV Motorsports, while the No. 36 entry (later the No. 13) was co-owned by Centrix Financial, LLC owner Robert Sutton as MB Sutton Motorsports in 2005.

Throughout the existence of the team in both MB2 Motorsports and Ginn Racing iterations, the organization ran General Motors brands.

Car No. 01 history
The No. 01 car started out as the No. 36 Pontiac in 1997 with sponsorship from M&M-Mars through its Skittles candy brand, and driver Derrike Cope. Cope finished 27th in the final point standings.
 * Derrike Cope (1997)

Veteran driver Ernie Irvan took over from Cope in 1998. The season was highlighted by Irvan's pole win at the Brickyard 400. M&M's replaced Skittles as the team's sponsor in 1999. Irvan retired from racing in September following a crash at Michigan International Speedway. Dick Trickle temporarily replaced Irvan before the driving chores were permanently turned over to journeyman Jerry Nadeau.
 * Ernie Irvan (1998–1999)

Nadeau left MB2 due to a prior commitment to drive for Hendrick Motorsports, and MB2 signed four-time winner Ken Schrader to fill the seat. Schrader drove the No. 36 for three seasons before leaving for BAM Racing.
 * Ken Schrader (2000–2002)

In 2003, the United States Army replaced M&M's as the team's sponsor. The car number was switched from 36 to 01 to support the Army's slogan, "An Army of One." Nadeau returned to MB2 as the driver of the No. 01 car, and in his first 10 races with the team he had only two top-20 finishes, with a fourth-place finish at Texas.
 * Jerry Nadeau (2003)

On May 2, 2003, during practice at Richmond International Raceway, Nadeau lost control of the No. 01 while trying to avoid another car in turn one, spun and slammed driver-side first into the concrete wall. He suffered fractures to his skull and several ribs along with a collapsed lung and temporary paralysis on his left side, and the cumulative effects forced him into retirement at age 33. Busch Series veteran Jason Keller replaced Nadeau at the Richmond race and finished 32nd. The team went through several substitutes for the rest of the year. Mike Wallace ran the next four races, then four more races afterwards (skipping Sonoma) with a best finish of 19th at Dover. Mike Skinner, released from Morgan McClure Motorsports, made eleven starts in the #01, earning a pole at Richmond. Boris Said ran both road course races, with both a pole and sixth-place finish at Sonoma.

Said and Skinner earned spots in the 2004 Budweiser Shootout for their respective pole runs, with Said in the #01 finishing 10th, and Skinner finishing 15th in the #10 Valvoline car.

Joe Nemechek, who had been released from Hendrick Motorsports' No. 25 car (where he had replaced Nadeau), was signed by MB2 as the new permanent driver of the No. 01 car starting with the last four races of 2003, and earned a Top 10 finish at Atlanta. Nemechek finished 19th in points in 2004, but won two consecutive poles with the second leading to victory at the 2004 Banquet 400, in which he led the final 37 laps to win his fourth and final career Nextel Cup race and giving him a weekend sweep at Kansas Speedway, after having won the Mr. Goodcents 300 Busch Series race the day before. Nemechek finished with three Top 5 finishes and nine Top 10s, and signed a contract extension that kept him with MB2 through 2005.
 * Joe Nemechek (2003–2006)

Nemechek started off 2005 with a strong run at the second race of the season at Auto Club Speedway. Coming off a solid 13th-place finish at Daytona, Joe started 4th and led leading a race-high 63 laps before his Hendrick Motorsports-built engine expired on lap 178. This was one of six Hendrick engine failures, which included that of teammate Scott Riggs. By race 26 at Richmond, the No. 01 team found itself as a longshot of making the Chase, sitting 16th in the standings 135 points out of 10th place as the last mathematical contender for a spot in the 10-race playoff. The team's chase hunt was ultimately foiled when Travis Kvapil collided with Nemechek under caution right after he had gotten back on the lead lap, relegating them to a 26th-place finish. Overall, Nemechek improved on the previous years points performance, ranking 16th with one pole and nine Top 10s but no wins and only two Top 5s.

2006 was a struggle for Nemechek and the No. 01 team, with the team not scoring a Top 10 until finishing 9th at Charlotte in October, the 31st race of the season. Nemechek went winless again, with no pole starts, only two Top 10s, and a dismal 27th-place points finish.

 * Part-time Mark Martin (2007)

Veteran Mark Martin, coming off his final year with Roush Racing, was signed drive the car for 23 races (21 points races plus the Budweiser Shootout and Nextel All-Star Challenge) in 2007, with Joe Nemechek moving over to the team's new No. 13 team. Regan Smith was pinned to fill the remaining 16 races of the season, while driving in the Busch Series for the team as well. The team also changed its name to Ginn Racing to reflect Bobby Ginn's new majority interest in the team. Martin was leading in the final turn of the season-opening Daytona 500, after lining up on the final restart with former Roush teammates Greg Biffle and Matt Kenseth behind him. Coming down the front stretch, and with the field wrecking behind him, Martin looked to have finally come through at Daytona. But the caution was not called, and Kevin Harvick caught Martin on his outside, beating him to the line by two-hundredths of a second. Martin put together more strong finishes, and after the fourth race at Atlanta was leading the points standings in what was supposed to be his first season of semi-retirement. Resisting the chance to capture his first championship, Martin did step out of the car as scheduled, breaking a streak of 621 consecutive starts. In 24 starts for the team, Martin scored five Top 5s and 11 Top 10s, and finished 27th in points despite missing 12 races.

 * DEI Merger and Beyond (2007)

Rookie Regan Smith meanwhile made his debut at Bristol Motor Speedway in March, finishing 25th. Smith would run six more races in the car, with a best finish of 24th at Talladega Superspeedway. On July 17, it was announced that Smith would move to the No. 14 car on a full-time basis, replacing veteran Sterling Marlin. Meanwhile, 23-year-old Aric Almirola, who was granted his release from Joe Gibbs Racing after being pulled out of a car he qualified on the pole during a Busch Series race in favor of Denny Hamlin, signed on to be the new co-driver of the No. 01. With the merger of Ginn and Dale Earnhardt, Inc. not long afterwards, Smith was left on the sidelines while Almirola ran five races. Aric's results were not much better than Regan's, with a best finish of 26th at Phoenix. Both drivers would continue with DEI in 2008 running for ROTY, and both would become winners later in their Cup careers.

Car No. 13 history
On April 30, 2004, MB2 Motorsports announced a partnership with CENTRIX Financial, LLC, coming on as an associate sponsor for the No. 01 car and No. 10 car. In addition, the team's original number 36 would be resurrected to field a third team part-time for Road course ringer Boris Said, who had driven the No. 01 for two races in 2003 which included a pole at Sonoma. Centrix was scheduled to sponsor two races, debuting with a 6th-place finish at Sonoma. Centrix sponsored Said again at the oval track Auto Club Speedway, where he finished one lap down in 30th. USG Sheetrock (an associate on the No. 01) came on to sponsor two more races for Said, DNQing at Watkins Glen and finishing 28th in the season finale at Homestead after a transmission failure late in the race.
 * Part time No. 36 (2004-2006)

The No. 36 team returned for 2005, expanding Said's schedule to a minimum of 10 races beginning with the Daytona 500. Like the 10 team which was co-owned by Valvoline executive James Rocco, sponsor Centrix's owner and racing enthusiast Bob Sutton came on as an equity partner for the No.36 car, changing the team name to MB Sutton Motorsports. Said had stated that he would have liked to drive the car on a full-time basis if sponsorship was found. Veteran crew chief Frankie Stoddard would lead the No. 36 team. Said ultimately attempted 12 races, struggling on oval tracks, with a best finish of 27th at Daytona and Texas and three DNQs. He did run well at Talladega in May, qualifying 12th and running in the Top 15 before a 25-car pileup ended his day with 35 laps remaining. Boris was, however, strong as always in his road course element. At Sonoma in June, Said was running well when he entered the pits while they were closed after a caution was thrown with 40 laps to go. Sent back to 32nd place, he made it up to 13th place with 10 laps to go, but was relegated to a 17th-place finish after a caution with seven laps to go. Said shined later in the year at Watkins Glen, starting 41st after qualifying was rained out, and racing with NASCAR Road Course aces Tony Stewart and Robby Gordon for the win. Said would score a career-best 3rd-place finish. Said left the team to drive for No Fear Racing in the No. 60 Ford in 2006.

Early in 2006, 1988 Cup Champion and two-time Daytona 500 winner Bill Elliott announced that he would pilot the No. 36 Chevrolet in the 2006 Daytona 500, with Ginn Resorts coming on to sponsor the effort. Elliott qualified 33rd, but avoided several wrecks to finish 19th in the Great American Race. The team would not run again in 2006.

 * Joe Nemechek (2007)

The team went full-time in 2007, switching to No. 13 with Joe Nemechek moving over from the No. 01 and Peter Sospenzo taking on crew chief duties. CertainTeed was announced as the primary sponsor of the car for 18 races, with associate sponsor status for the other half of the season. Bobby Ginn's Ginn Resorts filled out the remaining races. Nemechek opened the year with a 9th-place finish at the Daytona 500, but missed the fifth race of the season at Bristol and did not have another Top 10 with the team for the rest of the year. After sitting 33rd in points following the race at Chicagoland, Nemechek was released from the No. 13 car as well as teammate Sterling Marlin from his No. 14 ride, with the team's status "being evaluated because of lack of sponsorship." Ultimately, the No. 13 team was shut down after the merger with DEI, and Nemechek would move to Furniture Row Racing for the remainder of the season beginning at Fontana.

Car No. 14 history

What became the No. 14 team originally ran several different numbers part of Darrell Waltrip Motorsports and the Tyler Jet Motorsports. At the second Pocono race weekend in 2000, MB2 Motorsports purchased Tyler Jet's unsponsored No. 10 team, driven by Johnny Benson. When MB2 bought the team, Benson remained the driver, with an announcement that Aaron's and RCA would sponsor the No. 10 for the remainder of 2000 and Valvoline would begin sponsoring the car in 2001. Benson finished the season driving full-time for MB2 with Aaron's and RCA on the car.
 * Johnny Benson (2000-2003)

In 2001, Valvoline became the team's new sponsor, with Benson remaining the driver. Additionally, Valvoline purchased an ownership stake in the No. 10 team, becoming the first corporation to own a NASCAR team. The No. 10 team's name was changed to MBV Motorsports to reflect Valvoline's presence (though the overall team remained MB2). Benson and Valvoline returned for the full season in 2002. He eventually drove to his first career win at the 2002 Pop Secret 400 at Rockingham.

Both Benson and Valvoline remained with the car in 2003. Midway through the season, the team announced it was parting ways with Benson at the conclusion of the season.

32-year-old Busch Series driver Scott Riggs was signed to a multi-year contract, and would to replace Benson for the 2004 season. Riggs was set to compete against a strong rookie class that included his former Busch Series competitors Brian Vickers, Kasey Kahne, Scott Wimmer, and Johnny Sauter as well as Truck Series driver Brendan Gaughan. With Pontiac leaving the sport, the team was forced to switch to Chevrolet. Mike Skinner ran the exhibition Budweiser Shootout in the No. 10 after winning a pole at Richmond driving the No. 01 in 2003 subbing for Jerry Nadeau. Riggs missed the fall race at Atlanta, and scored only two Top 10 finishes and had eight DNFs en route to a 29th-place finish in the points standings in his rookie season.
 * Scott Riggs (2004-2005)

In 2005, Riggs won the pole at Martinsville and finished 4th in the Daytona 500. Riggs had a career best performance at Michigan, using a fuel mileage gamble to drive from 29th to 2nd place in the final 51 laps. Riggs statistics improved slightly (four Top 10 finishes), but he had seven DNFs and finished 34th in the season standings. Valvoline announced that it was to sell its ownership stake back to MB2's principal owners and ended sponsorship of the car, taking Riggs and the No. 10 to Evernham Motorsports.

In November 2005, it was announced that veteran driver Sterling Marlin would come over from Chip Ganassi Racing to drive for MB2 in 2006. The team would be sponsored by Waste Management in 12 races, with Centrix Financial returning and Ginn Resorts coming on to fill the remainder of the schedule. In tribute to Marlin's father Coo Coo who had passed away the previous year, the team took on the No. 14. Midway through the season, the team replaced crew chief Doug Randolph with Scott Eggleston, who worked with Marlin at Team SABCO. The team had only one Top 10 finish and ranked 34th in points at the end of the year.
 * Sterling Marlin (2006-2007)

For 2007, Marlin returned as did Waste Management for 12 races, while new sponsor Panasonic signed on for 12 races as well, and veteran crew chief Slugger Labbe handled the team. After a 2007 season filled with struggles and a best finish of 13th, in July Marlin was to be replaced by Regan Smith, who had previously been co-piloting the No. 01, for the remainder of the year. However, upon the merger of Ginn Racing and DEI at Indy, and before Smith even got the chance to drive the No. 14, the No. 14 team was merged with the No. 15 team, and its owner points were carried to the Paul Menard-piloted Menards car. Smith would pilot the No. 01 full-time in 2008 with DEI.

Car No. 14 results
Johnny Benson raced races 1-18 of the 2000 season with Tyler Jet Motorsports before the team (and its Owners Points) were purchased by MB2.

Car No. 39 history
In addition to his 16-race schedule in the No. 01 shared with Mark Martin, Regan Smith was set to make his Nextel Cup debut at the 2007 Daytona 500 in a fourth Ginn Racing car, with Ginn Resorts sponsoring. The car was numbered 39 due to the No. 36 being taken by Bill Davis Racing and Jeremy Mayfield. In his debut, Smith qualified 26th, which earned him a 12th starting position in the 2nd Gatorade 150 duel race. He finished 19th of 30 cars, and 7th out of the 13 drivers who needed to race their way into the 500, which was not enough to get him into the race. The No. 39 was on the Fontana entry list the next week, but was withdrawn. Smith would make his Cup debut in the No. 01 at Bristol Motor Speedway.

Winston/Nextel Cup Series drivers

 * Derrike Cope (1997)
 * Ernie Irvan (1998-1999; retired after injury)
 * Ricky Craven (1998 injury replacement for Irvan)
 * Dick Trickle (1999 injury replacement for Irvan)
 * Jerry Nadeau (injury replacement for Irvan in 1999; Benson in 2002; regular driver in 2003)
 * Ken Schrader (2000–2002)
 * Johnny Benson (2001–2003)
 * Joe Nemechek (2002 injury replacement for Benson; 2003–2007)
 * Mike Wallace (injury replacement for Benson in 2002; Nadeau in 2003)
 * Jason Keller (2003 injury replacement for Nadeau)
 * Boris Said (2003–2006; road courses & limited ovals)
 * Mike Skinner (2003)
 * Scott Riggs (2004–2005)
 * Sterling Marlin (2006–2007)
 * Bill Elliott (2006; limited schedule)
 * Mark Martin (2007; limited schedule)
 * Regan Smith (2007; limited schedule)

Driver development
Beginning in 2006, MB2 Motorsports established a partnership with Morgan-Dollar Motorsports in the Craftsman Truck Series, fielding a full-time truck with MB2/Ginn development driver Kraig Kinser (son of Steve Kinser). Kinser struggled in his rookie season and was pulled from the ride late in the season.

For 2007, Ginn expanded its development program, signing motocross racer Ricky Carmichael and Drive for Diversity member Jesus Hernandez to development contracts. Kinser returned to the Truck Series, scheduled to share the ride with Hernandez, with Ginn Resorts sponsoring. The team also started a Busch Series team for Cup rookie Regan Smith and Kinser, also funded by Ginn Resorts. This was originally numbered No. 04, but NASCAR reassigned No. 4 to Ginn after Biagi-DenBeste Racing shut down in January 2007. The No. 4 Busch Series team was shut down after the Kentucky race in June, with Smith 12th in the championship standings at the time. Following the DEI/Ginn merger, Smith was placed in the 47 Morgan-Dollar truck for the balance of the season. Aric Almirola ran a single truck race at Nashville, finishing 23rd.

DEI/Ginn merger
On July 25, 2007, Ginn Racing announced it had merged with Dale Earnhardt, Inc. The No. 01 team joined the No. 1, No. 8 and No. 15 teams. The merger did not affect the DEI team name.

The acquisition had the following effects:
 * The No. 01 (Mark Martin/Aric Almirola) team was added to the DEI teams.
 * The No. 15 (Paul Menard) inherited the owner points from the former No. 14 (Sterling Marlin), which guaranteed a starting spot for Menard at Indianapolis.
 * The No. 13 (Joe Nemechek) and the No. 14 (Sterling Marlin) teams of Ginn Racing were disbanded.
 * Bobby Ginn was listed as the owner of the No. 01 and No. 15 for the remainder of 2007; these cars were housed at the Ginn Racing shop, renamed DEI West which also houses the team's fabrication work.
 * Teresa Earnhardt was listed as the owner of the No. 1 and No. 8 for the remainder of 2007; these cars remain housed at DEI's shops.

Dale Earnhardt, Inc., would eventually merge with Chip Ganassi Racing in 2009 after DEI's star driver Dale Earnhardt Jr. left for Hendrick Motorsports the year prior; the resulting team was known as Earnhardt Ganassi Racing until 2013, after which it reverted to Chip Ganassi Racing name before being purchased by Trackhouse Racing Team in 2021.

title: MB2 Motorsports


text:
Template talk:IAFD name

 * For movie titles in the Internet Adult Film Database, use iafd movie.

This is a template to generate to the Internet Adult Film Database; it is used exclusively for people.

Code
Short version (fill in ID, then gender):

Long version (deprecated):

Usage
The URLs used by the iafd are, unfortunately, not as efficient as wikilinks. To use the template properly, you need to search for the following information: the id and gender.

Here's how to properly use the template:

 * 1) Go to the iafd.
 * 2) Using the search box, select "Performer Name" in the drop-down box, and type the performer's name in the search field.
 * 3) In the address bar of your web browser, you should see something similar to:
 * 4) * http://www.iafd.com/person.rme/perfid=######/gender=*
 * 5) Copy the id.
 * 6) Note the gender. It'll be either "m" for male or "f" for female or "d" for a director.
 * 7) Add the following to the External links section of the article (if this section doesn't exist, create one). From the example above, enter in:
 * 8) If the page name is not simply the person's name (Jack Napier (porn star) as opposed to Andrew Blake, use this form:
 * 1) If the page name is not simply the person's name (Jack Napier (porn star) as opposed to Andrew Blake, use this form:

Example

 * 1) Searching for "Shay Sweet", you'll find this page:
 * 2) * http://www.iafd.com/person.rme/perfid=ShaySweet&gender=f
 * 3) Copy ShaySweet.  Note the gender as well: Shay is "f", obviously meaning female.
 * 4) Type the following, under the External links section.

The result:

Notes and Tips
Should the External links section not exist, create it by typing: ==External links==. Please don't capitalize the "l" in links, by the way, as per the format guidelines.

If the name isn't displayed as you would expect, remember to add the third parameter with the desired link title. (That is, would become  .)

You can still use the named parameters, but the result is the same. ( is exactly equivalent to , but it's shorter to type.)

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Extraneous words
Consistent with imdb name and afdb name, I've removed the phrase: "____'s acting/directing credits" which renders the result as:
 * |________ at the Internet Adult Film Database

The reference is long enough as it is; the additional words aren't necessary. The reference is to the person's listing, whether they are an actor or a director (or both) will be obvious from the listing. There is a link to directing credits on a performer's page, see Peter North. — Chidom   talk   05:01, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

Ambiguity properties on Wikidata
There is an ambiguity with the properties attached to this template in Wikidata, IAFD male performer ID (P4505) and IAFD female performer ID (P3869), the correct one would be to only exist an "IAFD person ID" as like Adult Film Database person ID (P3351). I believe that this ambiguity occurred because of the second parameter gender. It was mistaken for a secondary ID, in fact it is just a layout parameter for the IAFD site.

All links below point to the same element on the IAFD site.

 * http://www.iafd.com/person.rme/perfid=
 * http://www.iafd.com/person.rme/perfid=/gender=/ginger-lynn.htm
 * http://www.iafd.com/person.rme/perfid=/gender=/ginger-lynn.htm
 * http://www.iafd.com/person.rme/perfid=/gender=/ginger-lynn.htm

Guilherme Burn (talk) 11:36, 10 April 2018 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Template talk:IAFD name


text:
Robert P. Briscoe

Robert Pearce Briscoe (February 19, 1897 – October 14, 1968) was an admiral of the United States Navy. He commanded two ships, a destroyer squadron, and an amphibious group during World War II. He later served as Commander-in-Chief, Allied Forces Southern Europe, from 1956 to 1959. He was a native of Centreville, Mississippi born February 19, 1897, to Pearce and Alice Briscoe.

World War I and between the wars
According to the New York Times, Briscoe became interested in the Navy when he saw USS Mississippi (BB-23) sailing the Mississippi River near his home in 1910. Admiral Briscoe graduated from the United States Naval Academy in June 1918. During World War I he served on the battleship USS Alabama (BB-8) of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet and on the destroyer USS Roe (DD-24), operating from Brest, France. At the end of hostilities, he made the first postwar Midshipmen cruise in the USS Kearsarge (BB-5) and in 1919 returned to destroyer duty as engineer officer of the USS Humphreys (DD-236), stationed in Near East waters at Constantinople. During the Turko-Greek fighting in 1920–1921, he commanded a naval landing force at Derindge, Turkey.

After further destroyer duty in the USS Flusser (DD-289) and USS Henderson (AP-1), and recruiting duty at Little Rock, Arkansas, he served as Senior Assistant Engineer of the battleship USS West Virginia (BB-48) from 1926 to 1929, then returned to the Naval Academy as an instructor in Mechanical Engineering. From 1931 to 1933 he was on China Station, assigned first as executive officer of the USS Edsall (DD-219), on Yangtze River patrol during the Japanese occupation of Woosung and Manchuria, and later as Communication Officer of the USS Houston (CA-30), flagship of the Commander in Chief, Asiatic Fleet. He again returned to the Naval Academy in June 1934, and for three years served as head of the Department of Chemistry.

Sea duty as navigator of the battleship Mississippi (BB-41) preceded a tour during the pre-war period as Assistant Director of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and Navy Department Liaison Officer with the National Defense Research Committee. He has been identified as one of the pioneers of modern electronics development in the Navy.

World War II
In May 1942, he assumed command of the USS Prometheus (AR-3), a recommissioned World War I repair ship. Under his command, she joined the U.S. 3rd Fleet at Noumea, New Caledonia, where he was detached to command Destroyer Squadron 5 and operated as escort commander for Task Forces 67, 68 and 70. In the intervening periods when the battleships and cruisers were not at sea, Admiral Briscoe operated Commander Task Group 675 (Cactus Striking Force) in Guadalcanal waters.

He was transferred to command of the USS Denver (CL-58) in July 1943 and was in command during the Northern Solomon Islands campaign. During a thirty-six-hour battle with Japanese naval forces, his ship assisted in the sinking of five enemy warships, damaging four others and routing the enemy's surface forces. His ship's guns had barely fired their last salvo when she was attacked by sixty-seven dive bombers. Under his command, the ship downed seventeen enemy planes and thwarted the raid. He sailed the cruiser to the United States after she suffered severe battle damage off Rabaul in November 1943.

In February 1944, he joined the staff of the Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet, in Washington, D.C., as head of New Developments, and with his promotion to flag rank in April 1945, assumed command of Amphibious Group 14. Victory over Japan Day found him in Manila, working on plans for the invasion of the Japanese homeland.

Post-war
In September 1945, he took command of the Operational Development Force, Atlantic Fleet with headquarters at Norfolk, Virginia. After two years there, and a tour of duty as Assistant Chief of Naval Operations (Readiness), he became Commander Amphibious Force, Atlantic Fleet, on November 1, 1950.

Ordered in January 1952 to command the U.S. 7th Fleet in Korean waters, he retained this command until designated Commander Naval Forces, Far East, in June of that year. During this tenure, he recommended an amphibious feint to draw North Korean combatants from their dug-in front line positions to cover potential landing zones. This resulted in a significant shift of troop concentrations by enemy forces over a period of three months.

Two years later, he reported as Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, for Fleet Operations and Readiness, and on 2 July 1956, became Commander in Chief, Allied Forces, Southern Europe.

Decorations and awards

 * Navy Cross ribbon.svg Navy Cross for actions in the Northern Solomon Islands campaign.
 * Distinguished Service Medal ribbon.svg Army Distinguished Service Medal for his service as Senior Commander of all naval forces in the Far East Command, June 4, 1952 to March 31, 1954.
 * Navy Distinguished Service ribbon.svg Navy Distinguished Service Medal in his capacity as CinC of Allied Forces, Southern Europe from July 2, 1956, to December 31, 1958.
 * Legion of Merit ribbon.svg Legion of Merit for January 19 – February 1, 1943, Guadalcanal and a Gold Star in lieu of a second award of the Legion of Merit with Combat "V" for March 5 – 6, 1943 as Commander of Task Group 68.5, Solomon Islands.

Civilian life
On January 1, 1959, he was transferred to the Retired List of the United States Navy. He retired to Beech Grove Plantation, Liberty, Mississippi, worked on its restoration and raised cattle. Beech Grove was the Lewis family (his wife) home and is now on the National Register of Historic Places as the Thomas Batchelor House. Briscoe was said to be "a hunting enthusiast and an avid collector of antiques." He died on October 14, 1968, at his home near Liberty, Mississippi of an apparent heart attack. He was survived by his wife Katherine (Lewis), sister Marquerite Briscoe and brothers William and Beverly Briscoe. He was buried with full military honors in Arlington National Cemetery on October 18, 1968, in section 2, grave 3387-c. In May 1978, his wife Katherine Lewis-Briscoe (1897–1978) was buried there as well.

title: Robert P. Briscoe


text:
Kalyandurg

Kalyandurg is a town in Anantapur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the headquarters for Kalyandurg mandal and Kalyandurg revenue division. The discovery of diamond-bearing Kimberlites in Kalyandurg area, is one of the clusters that has been discovered.

History
Kalyandurg was under the rule of Sri Krishnadevaraya and was a part of Vijayanagara Empire.

As per The imperial gazetteer of India, Rayadurg, Chitradurga and Kalyandurg are the three important forts that were ruled by Boya Palegars. The name Kalyandurg came from Boya Kalyanappa, a Palaegar in the 16th century. Kalyandurg was very turbulent during the Vijayanagar rule.

Kalyandurg taluk was formed in December 1893 by the British out of portions of Dharmavaram and of the Rayadurg taluk of Bellary. In March 2012 Kalyandurg became a municipality.

Kalyandurg was a taluk of Anantapur district in Madras province which was earlier a part of Dharmavaram that was separated in 1893.

Sri Subrahmanyeswara Swamy temple is located at the heart of the town. This temple was built around the 16th century.

Anantapur district is replete with Megalithic remains. In the vicinity of Kalyanadurg, several hundred megalithic monuments, such as dolemnoid cists and cairn circles are situated at the foothills and the slopes of the Akkamma Vari hills. Another large group of cairn circles is 2 km north of Akkamma Gari Konda. Similar remains are located at Mudigallu, a village about 5 km easterly to Kalyandurg, and Muthalabanda village, 2 km north east of town, and Gallapalli situated towards Rayadurgam.

Geography
Kalyandurg is located at 14.55°N, 77.1°W. It has an average elevation of 591 metres (1942 ft).

Demographics
Census of India, Kalyandurg had a population of 32,328. The population constituted 16,036 males and 16,292 females — a sex ratio of 1016 females per 1000 males. 3,404 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 1,760 are boys and 1,644 are girls — a ratio of 979 per 1000. The average literacy rate stands at 74.14% with 21,443 literates, significantly higher than the state average of 67.41%.

Civic administration
The municipality is spread over an area of 15.895 km2. It has an expenditure of inr 2292900000 and generates an annual income of inr 2228700000. The municipal body oversees the supply of water with 70 litres per capita per day, in the form 453 public taps and 66 bore–wells. Its other services include maintenance of community halls, secondary and elementary schools and 13.45 km2 of roads, maternity and child health center such as the Government Hospital, RDT Hospital, and others.

Politics
Kalyandurg (Assembly constituency) is one of 14 constituencies in Anantapur district, representing Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.K. V. Ushashri Charan of YSR Congress Party is the present MLA representing Kalyandurg (Assembly constituency).

Education
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state. The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English and Telugu.

Transport
The Kalyandurg railway station is under the jurisdiction of Bangalore railway division of South Western Railway Zone

title: Kalyandurg


text:
Talk:Freeter

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 1 September 2020 and 14 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Космическийкот.

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Definition
The definition in this article is fundamentally incorrect; "freeter" does not generally include the unemployed, which are referred to as shitsugyosha or NEET (niito). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.225.177.181 (talk) 12:17, 8 March 2014 (UTC)

 * yes.. most dictionaries and the japanese page agree that it doesn't include the unemployed Harrydiv321 (talk) 14:39, 2 December 2023 (UTC)

Tone
This article feels overly negative and judgmental in tone about the condition of freeters, even when the labor department in Japan itself identifies one type as being "dream seeking" and looking outside the normal employment system for life satisfaction. There are a lot of assumptions about "normalcy" and how freeters are not living up to it here. In addition, Japan has a national health insurance program so lack of health benefits is not really a problem for freeters like it would be in the US. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.225.177.181 (talk) 12:14, 8 March 2014 (UTC)

Etymology
Umm, isn't it quite obvious that the etymology is 'fleeter', as in their jobs being 'fleeting' (short-term/quick) and/or that they 'fleet between jobs'? Fleeter　→　フリーター. 82.182.171.126 (talk) 23:35, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

Ask anyone in Japan and they will tell you the etymology is "free + arbeiter", which is supported by http://www.doubletongued.org/index.php/dictionary/freeter (not much of a source, but it's the only one cited) The reference to "freeloader" should be deleted. "Freeloader" not supported by the given source and it's plain wrong. The term 'furiirooda-' is simply not a term borrowed into japanese as there are several native words that fill its purpose. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.103.201.51 (talk) 16:03, 26 April 2011 (UTC)

Family Unit As Standard of Value Presumption
"The low income makes it difficult for freeters to start a family".

This statement is made from of a particular worldview about social units and their appropriateness relative to the individual. Without a source, the statement injects bias.

If it is acceptable to make this statement, one must also include such statements as "The low income makes it difficult for freeters to buy Lamborginis" or "The low income makes it difficult for freeters to afford to eat watermelon every day.". Why is "starting a family" given a greater weight of expectation than any other choice an individual could make?

To elaborate, the statement assumes a desire (in this case "to start a family") on the part of freeters that they may not have.

What is more likely is that many assume a freeter lifestyle *because* they don't have desire to "start a family" or assume traditionally expected social roles. Since they only need to take responsibility for themselves, their choice to take modest salaries reflects this expectation. They feel no obligation to satisfy a social construct which they may view as something thrust upon them as a duty, outside of their own volition and chosen values.

Indeed, part of the motivation to become a freeter is the fact that individuals, men in particular like the soushoku danshi, have no desire whatsoever to start a family, maintain romatic relationships, or to have financial obligations to others beyond their own choosing. So the choice to avoid, for example the expected unpaid overtime hours of being a salaryman is for many of these men, simply a manifestation of taking responsibility for their own life, and their own life only.

While some may simply get lumped into the "drop-out" category, it is likely that most freeters are qualified to enter other employment it is just that those other occupations fail the individuals cost/benefit analysis when it comes to judging the stress and duties of whatever prospective career. In other words, once the social standard of "the family unit" is rejected by men, men are freed from the stress of the social role of "provider" which is a major cause of Karōshi.

Considering recent changes to Japanese_employment_law the actions of men in particular to become freeters seems quite rational. The changes regarding gender to the law were premised on the notion of discrimination against women, which was viewed wrong based on the premise that women are just as capable of men in the workplace. Since the government of Japan assumes this is so, it is curious why they consider the male-dominated group of freeters and the soushoku danshi as dangerous to the economic health of the nation. After all, for each man giving up his role of provider and living a modest life within his means, leaves one corresponding woman free and empowered to take the kind of employment that would have otherwise supposedly been denied to her. This is what was intended by the changes to the law, was it not? So what's to worry about?

Could it be that some statements are for political convenience, and that there are other hidden premises which are not politically correct to openly espouse?

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 123.218.46.84 (talk) 07:15, 29 January 2012 (UTC)

Freelancer?
Does the term "freelancer" have a different meaning in Japan or is this just a mistake? In my experience freelancers are generally independent workers who are skilled enough in their fields to make very respectable money outside of the umbrella of a company, quite another thing entirely from the freeter. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 1.33.32.120 (talk) 17:06, 29 March 2012 (UTC)

Yep, makes sense. Freeters are people who opt out of the fulltime employment umbrella (Most of Japans social system is based on that). Early this was mostly a concious choice to live a more free and flexible live on ones terms and not be married to a employer. But more and more people find it difficult to get into fulltime employment so the choice is very often not actually existent. The term stuck. It was always kind of anti-social. You can be well payed as a freeter, but often enough it just means you operate at the fringes of society. 82.16.22.188 (talk) 13:49, 11 December 2012 (UTC)

I've removed the WP:DUBIOUS template based on the comment above as well as the time passed after the motion. Finnusertop (talk | guestbook | contribs) 23:31, 21 August 2014 (UTC)

stats
not 10 mil. http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/ -> http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/dl/Overview_eng_04.pdf "Number of Freeter was 2.17 million and peaked in 2003. After 2003, it had decreased for 5 years continuously however it was increasing for 3 years. It was 1.76 million in 2012 and 40 thousand decreased compare to previous year. Number of NEET has been approximately 0.6 million since 2002. It was 0.63 million in 2012."173.8.241.30 (talk) 19:42, 2 November 2015 (UTC)

Speaking of stats, isn't this sentence sort of mathematically nonsensical: "The average age of Freeters is within the range of 15 to 34 years old." An average is a single value. Giving a range is typically what is done when an average is not known. Can this sentence be changed?

External links modified
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Suggestions for sources that could be used to improve this article
Hello! Seeing as this article currently only has one source, I thought I would provide some suggestions for potential additional sources.

Julia Obinger's paper "Working on the Margins: Japan's Precariat and Working Poor," published in the Electronic Journal of Contemporary Japanese Studies on February 25, 2009 is an easily accessible primer on Japan's working poor and part-time laborers which can easily be found online here: Working on the Margins

Simultaneously, it might be worth taking a gander at Carl Cassegard's article "Let Us Live! Empowerment and the Rhetoric of Life in the Japanese Precarity Movement," positions: east asian cultures critique 22, no. 1 (Winter 2014): 41-69. It covers the variety of rhetoric and positions in the General Freeter Union, and provides a valuable look into the views of actual freeters. I have no link for this one, but I do have a doi: 10.1215/10679847-2383849

I might pop back in to edit the page in a bit, but I'm kind of in a time crunch right now.

Thank you!

Lazer Raptor (talk) 00:20, 4 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Freeter


text:
Nothing Fails

"Nothing Fails" is a song by American singer-songwriter Madonna from her ninth studio album, American Life (2003). Written by Madonna, Guy Sigsworth and Jem Griffiths, and produced by the singer along with Mirwais Ahmadzaï and Mark "Spike" Stent, it was released as the third single from the album on October 27, 2003. Originally demoed as "Silly Thing", "Nothing Fails" is a love song which has acoustic guitar chords and a gospel choir appearance. Lyrically, the song discusses a lover who is the one, and how their meeting was not just chance. A number of remixes of the song were done, with one of them being included on Madonna's remix album Remixed & Revisited (2003).

The song received generally positive reviews, with music critics praising it as one of the best tracks from American Life, while others compared it with Madonna's previous single "Like a Prayer" (1989), as both songs feature a gospel choir. "Nothing Fails" was released in the US in hopes of attaining sales from American Life. However, it did not chart on the US Billboard Hot 100, making it the second single from the album to fail to chart in the US. Nevertheless, the song reached number one on the Hot Dance Club Songs and Hot Singles Sales charts. The single also reached number one in Spain and the top ten in Canada and Italy.

Although initially reported on the contrary, no music video was filmed for "Nothing Fails". The song was performed during a promotional tour for American Life in 2003, along with other songs from the album and her past hits. One of these performances was shown by MTV in a special named Madonna on Stage & on the Record. It was also performed during Madonna's sixth concert tour, the Re-Invention World Tour (2004), with Madonna alone on stage singing the song accompanied by an acoustic guitar. Many reviewers noted that Madonna in the performance was a "solitary figure" as it was herself alone playing the acoustic guitar.

Background and recording
According to Lucy O'Brien, author of Madonna: Like an Icon, the main concept of American Life was about "nothing". This was evident in the titles of the songs like "Nobody Knows Me", usage of "no" in "Love Profusion", as well as "Nothing Fails". Usage of the negative tone led Madonna to be sarcastic on people's assumptions about her and emphasize about her knowledge of romantic love. "Nothing Fails" began as a humble track that musician-producer Guy Sigsworth wrote for his wife. He asked singer Jem Griffiths to collaborate with him and during their first collaborative session, they wrote a song called "Silly Thing", inspired by Sigsworth's wife. He said: "I never write love songs, but I was moved to write one for her. I've never had a problematic relationship with her, there's not been a lot of drama. But I wanted to write something naive and honest." The demo, which was reminiscent of an offbeat folk song, was later played for Madonna, who loved it and changed parts of the song, including the title. In September 2012, Sigsworth leaked the original version of "Nothing Fails", describing it as a "work-in-progress demo of a song I originally wrote with Jem, and which later became 'Nothing Fails', co-written and recorded by Madonna. It's over ten years old". On "Nothing Fails", Griffiths said:

"When I actually heard it I was so shocked, [be]cause it was the first time I believed [my career] was actually going to happen. And to hear Madonna singing it was like, oh my [God], so bizarre. My mom keeps calling me whenever it's on. She'll go to shops in the UK and hold the phone up to the thing and I'm like, 'They're going to arrest you.'"

"Nothing Fails" was produced by Madonna and Mirwais Ahmadzaï, with an additional production by Mark "Spike" Stent. The recording sessions for American Life started at late 2001, then was put on hold as Madonna filmed Swept Away in Malta and starred in the West End play Up for Grabs. She returned to the Olympic Recording Studios in late 2002 and finished off the sessions. The mixing for the track was done by Mark "Spike" Stent at the Westlake Recording Studios at West Hollywood, California, while Tim Young did the mastering of the song at Metropolis Studios in London. Michael Colombier did the string arrangement with Geoff Foster acting as the strings engineer, conducting at AIR Studios. For the instrumentation featured in the song, Ahmadzaï played the guitars, and Stuart Price played the piano.

Composition and remixes
"Nothing Fails" features an acoustic guitar introduction, which is a recurring theme of American Life. The guitar is accompanied by a "light" drum section and low-pitched vocals from Madonna and also features a cello in the first part of the song, while gospel music comes in at the later half. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Alfred Publishing, "Nothing Fails" is written in the time signature of common time with a moderately slow tempo of 92 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of B♭ major with Madonna's voice spanning from F3 to B♭4. The song follows a basic sequence of Gm–F–E♭–B♭–Gm as its chord progression.

Lyrically, the song discusses a lover who is the one, and how their meeting was not just chance, a reference to the "tree of life" is made during the song while Madonna makes denouncements of religion by singing "I'm not religious" but she wishes to pray. Bill Friskics-Warren, author of I'll Take You There: Pop Music and the Urge for Transcendence, described the lyrics as consisting of double entendre, talking about both spiritual and sexual rebirth. The London Community Gospel Choir, led by Nicki Brown, recorded backing vocals for the song. The strings engineer for the choir, Geoff Foster, recalls that the group consisted of "a bunch of great singers giving it loudly, it was impressive." According to Rolling Stone and The Advocate, the song glides from a lean arrangement and then reaches its peak with the gospel chorus, which resembles that of Madonna's single, "Like a Prayer" (1989).

A remix version for the song, "Jackie's In Love In The Club Mix", done by DJ Jackie Christie, was made available as one of the exclusive tracks of the American and European maxi-single release of the song. She maintained Madonna's vocals and the gospel choir appearance, commenting that "I was asked to remix 'Nothing Fails' [...] I wanted it to be a mainfloor mix with a big choir breakdown so you felt the magic of the Madonna and the choir, like church." Peter Rauhofer's remix of the song was added along with the remixes of the follow-up single, "Love Profusion". Another version, the "Jason Nevins Mix", was included on Madonna's 2003 remix album Remixed & Revisited. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from Allmusic commented that on this remix, Madonna sounds as if she is out of step with the music of 2003.

Critical reception
"Nothing Fails" received mostly positive reviews from music critics. O'Brien listed it as a "hymn of devotion" and "the most majestic song on American Life". She complemented the "dramatic, theatrical air" of the song and noted that the addition of the choir made the song revelatory and ecstatic. J. Randy Taraborrelli wrote in his book, Madonna: An Intimate Biography, that although the album was not a strong, cohesive package, "Nothing Fails" stood out as one of the few gems. In a review for the album as a whole, Michael Paoletta from Billboard called it a highlight of American Life, describing the song as "tear-inducing". Entertainment Weekly's Ken Tucker called it "lovely" and named it, among other songs from the album "refreshingly – hell, shockingly – earnest". Alexis Petridis from The Guardian praised its choral finale.

Slant Magazine's Sal Cinquemani labeled it one of the moments of greatness on the album. Ian Youngs from BBC Music gave a positive review for "Nothing Fails", writing that less is more when it comes to Mirwais' electronic tricks. Johnny Davis from NME commented that "only 'Nothing Fails' and 'Intervention' dip beneath the frenetically poppy, with neither a 'Ray of Light'-style glitterball stomper, nor a big ballad to act as a breather". Josh Tyrangiel from Time found Madonna's singing in "Nothing Fails" as relaxed and woeful, consisting of "plenty of soul". A review in the Telegram & Gazette complimented the song for successfully blending between the "spiritual and the sensual". Jon Pareles from The New York Times believed that "Nothing Fails" was able to raise sentiments likened by other people and was prone to introspection, unlike other Madonna tunes. Stephen Thompson of The A.V. Club considered the song "emotionally resonant", but characterized the introduction of a choir as "busy".

Instead of praising "Nothing Fails", Chuck Taylor from Billboard said that the song "illustrates everything that makes [American Life] a grind". Ben Ratliff from Rolling Stone compared it negatively to "Like a Prayer" and commented it is much closer to what she's become good at: the idea of transfiguration through love, declaring that the difference in 2003 is she doesn't have the ambition. Stylus Magazine also compared it negatively to "Like a Prayer", calling it "an off-hand denouncement of religion" and stating that "the same old song, over 10 years later, just doesn't cut it anymore". Jim DeRogatis of the Chicago Sun-Times found the lyric "I'm not religious" to be "confusing and befuddling", as Madonna references Jesus Christ and Satan in other songs on the album. Jude Rogers from The Guardian called it a "quiet, gospel-dazzled jewel" from American Life, placing it at number 48 on her ranking of Madonna's singles, in honor of her 60th birthday. Chuck Arnold from Entertainment Weekly listed "Nothing Fails" as the singer's 29th best single, calling it "a triumph - creatively not commercially - that goes from stripped-down earnestness to churched-up gloriousness".

Chart performance
Following the commercial disappointment of "American Life" and "Hollywood"—the first two singles from American Life—Maverick sent a radio remix of "Nothing Fails" in hopes of attaining sales. The song was sent to Mainstream Top 40 radio on October 28, 2003. "Nothing Fails" did not chart in the United States; however, it was a commercial success on the dance charts. According to Fred Bronson, the single release of the remixes of the song debuted at number-one on the Hot Singles Sales and Hot Dance Single Sales chart, on the issue dated December 27, 2003, the same week it also moved up to the top-twenty of the Dance Club Songs chart. "Me Against the Music" by Britney Spears, on which Madonna was featured, and "Nobody Knows Me", both were also present in the top-twenty, making Madonna the only artist to have three songs within the top-twenty on the chart simultaneously. However, the single sold less than 10,000 units according to Nielsen SoundScan, marking one of the lowest totals at the time for a number-one song on the chart. At the year-end Hot Dance Singles Sales recap, "Nothing Fails" was at number two position, while "Me Against the Music" and "Love Profusion" was at numbers one and three respectively. Billboard reported that Madonna was the first artist in its chart history to have the top three Dance Sales song.

In Australia, Warner Bros. Records released a maxi-CD single of "Nothing Fails". The release was considered an album by ARIA due to the number of different tracks; it failed to chart on the ARIA Albums Chart. However, it did appear on the ARIA Dance Albums Chart at number six. The song also reached the top ten in Canada. In Europe, "Nothing Fails" achieved moderate success on the charts. In Austria, "Nothing Fails" debuted at number 74, and one week later, peaked at number 51, going on to spend six weeks inside the chart. On January 3, 2004, "Nothing Fails" debuted at its peak of number 50 on the Belgian Flanders Singles Chart. However, it peaked at number three on the Ultratip chart of Wallonia. The song debuted at number 16 on the Danish Singles Chart, peaking at number 11 the next week. The song debuted at its peak of number 34 on the French Singles Chart on November 30, 2003. In its second week, the song began its decline, falling out of the chart at number 97, almost four months later. Estimated sales stand at 24,818 units in France. The song had commercial success in Italy, reaching the top ten on its singles chart, and also in Spain where it reached the top of the chart. On the German Singles Chart, the song peaked at number 36.

Promotion and live performances
No music video was filmed for promotion of "Nothing Fails". Initially it was reported by Daily Mirror that Madonna planned to shoot the video in Israel with actor Michael Douglas. According to Polly Graham from the newspaper, Warner Bros. executives were concerned about the singer's safety in Israel, but Madonna was adamant. "Her record bosses are really worried about it. They are trying to talk her around, but she's having none of it. She has told them it makes sense to shoot it in Israel as the Kabbalah originates from there. Madonna is not particularly bothered about her safety and potential risks. She doesn't think it's as bad as it seems." Her then husband Guy Ritchie was also facing difficulty with his project, Revolver, which was rejected by Sony Pictures executives since it contained references to Kabbalah, and they asked Ritchie to re-write the script. Since the video itself would have included symbolism from Kabbalah, Madonna ultimately decided to not film the music video. These reports were later refuted by the artist during an interview with San Francisco radio station Alice 97.3, where she explained that no music video would be shot for the single.

To start marketing American Life, Madonna embarked on a promo tour. One of these performances, presented at the Total Request Live studios in New York, was shown by MTV in a special named Madonna on Stage & on the Record. Hosted by Carson Daly, she sang "Nothing Fails" and other songs from American Life while answered questions from the audience. Madonna also performed the song at HMV store in Oxford Street, London, to around 500 people. She wore a black beret, polka-dot blouse, black trousers and heels. The setlist included "American Life", "Hollywood", "Nothing Fails", "X-Static Process" and "Mother and Father" before performing her previous singles "Like a Prayer" and "Don't Tell Me". She also played the acoustic guitar during some songs and played the wrong chords at the beginning of "X-Static Process".

The next year, Madonna performed the song on the Re-Invention World Tour as the first song from the acoustic segment of the concert. She arrived on stage dressed in a black Stella McCartney suit and accompanied by an acoustic guitar to sing the song. Jane Stevenson from Toronto Sun described Madonna as a "solitary figure", as it was her alone playing the acoustic guitar. Bret McCabe from Baltimore City Paper described it as a "warm-up" performance. During the concert in Ireland, she wore a black coat and was protected by an umbrella while performing the song during the rain. This occurrence was mentioned in the I'm Going to Tell You a Secret documentary, which chronicled the whole tour.

Track listings and formats

 * EU 2-track CD single
 * 1) "Nothing Fails" (Radio Edit) – 3:46
 * 2) "Nothing Fails" (Peter Rauhofer's Classic House Mix) – 8:24

 * EU CD maxi-single
 * 1) "Nothing Fails" (Radio Edit) – 3:46
 * 2) "Nothing Fails" (Peter Rauhofer's Classic House Mix) – 8:24
 * 3) "Nothing Fails" (Tracy Young's Underground Mix) – 7:29
 * 4) "Nothing Fails" (Nevins Big Room Rock Mix) – 6:44

 * European, Australian & US CD maxi-single
 * 1) "Nothing Fails" (Peter Rauhofer's Classic House Mix) – 8:24
 * 2) "Nothing Fails" (Nevins Big Room Rock Mix) – 6:44
 * 3) "Nothing Fails" (Tracy Young's Underground Mix) – 7:29
 * 4) "Nothing Fails" (Nevins Global Dub) – 7:45
 * 5) "Nothing Fails" (Jackie's In Love In The Club Mix) – 7:28
 * 6) "Nobody Knows Me" (Peter Rauhofer's Private Life Mix Part 1) – 8:07
 * 7) "Nobody Knows Me" (Above & Beyond 12" Mix) – 8:45
 * 8) "Nobody Knows Me" (Mount Sims Italo Kiss Mix) – 5:26

 * Nothing Fails / Love Profusion European CD single
 * 1) "Nothing Fails" (Radio Edit) – 3:46
 * 2) "Love Profusion" (Album Version) – 3:38
 * 3) "Love Profusion" (The Passengerz Club) – 7:01

 * US 12" promo vinyl
 * 1) A1 "Nothing Fails" (Peter Rauhofer's Classic House Mix) – 8:24
 * 2) B1 "Nothing Fails" (Nevins Big Room Rock Mix) – 6:44
 * 3) B2 "Nothing Fails" (Nevins Global Dub) – 7:45

 * US 12" promo vinyl
 * 1) "Nothing Fails" (Peter Rauhofer's Lost In Space Mix) – 8:36

 * US, German promo CD single
 * 1) "Nothing Fails" (Radio Edit) – 3:46
 * 2) "Nothing Fails" (Radio Remix) – 3:59

 * US promo 2 x 12" vinyl
 * 1) A1 "Nothing Fails" (Peter Rauhofer's Classic House Mix) – 7:38
 * 2) A2 "Nothing Fails" (Nevins Big Room Rock Mix) – 6:44
 * 3) B1 "Nothing Fails" (Tracy Young's Underground Mix) – 7:29
 * 4) B2 "Nothing Fails" (Jackie's In Love In The Club Mix) – 7:28
 * 5) C1 "Nothing Fails" (Nevins Global Dub) – 7:45
 * 6) C2 "Nobody Knows Me" (Mount Sims Italo Kiss Mix) – 5:26
 * 7) D1 "Nobody Knows Me" (Mount Sims Old School Mix) – 4:44
 * 8) D2 "Nothing Fails" (Tracy Young's Underground Dub) – 8:36

 * Digital single (2023)
 * 1) "Nothing Fails" (Radio Edit) – 3:46
 * 2) "Nothing Fails" (Nevins Radio Mix) – 4:00
 * 3) "Nothing Fails" (Peter Rauhofer's Classic House Mix) – 8:24
 * 4) "Nothing Fails" (Nevins Big Room Rock Mix) – 6:44
 * 5) "Nothing Fails" (Tracy Young's Underground Mix) – 7:29
 * 6) "Nothing Fails" (Nevins Global Dub) – 7:45
 * 7) "Nothing Fails" (Jackie's In Love In The Club Mix) – 7:28
 * 8) "Nothing Fails" (Tracy Young's Underground Dub) – 8:40
 * 9) "Nobody Knows Me" (Peter Rauhofer's Private Life Mix Part 1) – 8:07
 * 10) "Nobody Knows Me" (Above & Beyond 12" Mix) – 8:45
 * 11) "Nobody Knows Me" (Mount Sims Italo Kiss Mix) – 5:26

Credits and personnel
Credits for "Nothing Fails" are adapted from American Life liner notes.
 * Madonna – lead vocals, songwriting, producer
 * Mirwais Ahmadzaï – guitar, producer, programming
 * Stuart Price – piano
 * Guy Sigsworth – songwriting
 * Jem Griffiths – songwriting
 * Mark "Spike" Stent – additional production, audio mixing
 * London Community Gospel Choir – choir arrangement
 * Michael Colombier – string arrangement
 * Tim Young – audio mastering

title: Nothing Fails


text:
Talk:Ernst May

Nazi architecture
For example Ernst May was commissioned by the city council of Frankfurt to design several large housing developments (Siedlungen).

See Page 6-7 of:

Taylor, Robert. Word in Stone: The Role of Architecture in the National Socialist Ideology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974. ISBN 0520021932. Endurance 20:29, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Endurance, just because Ernst May was German and practiced architecture in Germany during the Weimar years does not make him a Nazi architect. In May's case, on the contrary. May's public housing projects were not sponsored or admired by the National Socialists. After May went to Russia, the Nazis considered him a Bolshevik traitor. Unable to return to the country, he was an exile for the rest of his life. Upshot: clearly not a Nazi. --Lockley 20:54, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Lockley one does not have to be a Nazi Party member to be an architect of the Third Reich including architects on Albert Speer's own staff. Why don't you write up a fitting entry for Ernst May and we can go from there. Endurance 21:05, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Bauhaus
I removed the "Bauhaus" category because May was not associated with the Bauhaus nor with Walter Gropius. The work of May, Bruno Taut, the Deutsches Werkbund, Mendelsohn, Scharoun and maybe a dozen other significant German architects working in the 1920s responded to the same issues and possibilities as the Bauhaus. There's a tendency to lump all of this effort under the Bauhaus brand, which is inaccurate, gives Gropius more credit than he is due, and obscures some important stuff going on. If there's an all-encompassing term for this period it would be Neues Bauen. --Lockley 17:56, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 11:31, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ernst May


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mickey Lee

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  12:19, 25 July 2005 (UTC)

Mickey Lee
Appears to be vanity/hoax. Quick google reveals little, no imdb entry, etc. Dunc|☺ 20:29, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete even if real, it's nn. Friday 20:43, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity hoax. --jonasaurus 21:48, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unverified and nn. --Etacar11 01:08, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn royblumy 03:32, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity hoax. JamesBurns 03:47, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Hugh Seely, 1st Baron Sherwood

Hugh Michael Seely, 1st Baron Sherwood (2 October 1898 – 1 April 1970), known as Sir Hugh Seely, 3rd Baronet, of Sherwood Lodge, Nottinghamshire, from 1926 to 1941, was a British Liberal politician.

Early life
Seely was born on 2 October 1898 into a family of politicians, industrialists and significant landowners. His great-grandfather Charles Seely, grandfather Sir Charles Seely, 1st Baronet, father Sir Charles Seely, 2nd Baronet, and uncle J. E. B. Seely, 1st Baron Mottistone, were all members of Parliament. His mother, Hilda Lucy Grant, was the daughter of Richard Tassell Anthony Grant and the granddaughter of inventor Sir Thomas Tassell Grant. His brother Victor's son was Sir Nigel Seely.

Seely was educated at Eton College and became a lieutenant in the Grenadier Guards.

Career
He served with the Auxiliary Air Force and was the Commanding Officer for No. 504 Squadron RAF from 1936 to 1938. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for East Norfolk from 1923 to 1924, High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire for 1925 and MP for Berwick-upon-Tweed from 1935 to 1941. He was the Joint Under-Secretary of State for Air during a large part of the Second World War (1941–45). In 1946 he acquired and was Chairman of the famous gunmaker James Purdey and Sons.

He was created Baron Sherwood, of Calverton in the County of Nottingham on 14 August 1941.

Personal life
On 23 March 1942, he married Hon. Molly Patricia (née Berry) Chetwode, daughter of William Berry, 1st Viscount Camrose, who owned The Daily Telegraph newspaper. She was the widow of Roger Charles George Chetwode (a son of Philip Chetwode, 1st Baron Chetwode), with whom she had two sons. The marriage was short lived, however, as the couple divorced in 1948. She later married Sir Richard Cotterell, 5th Baronet, in 1958.

Lord Sherwood remarried to Catherine ( Thornton) Ranger (widow of John Osborne Ranger) on 16 March 1970, shortly before his death on 1 April 1970. As he had no children, the barony became extinct upon his death. His brother Victor inherited the baronetcy.

title: Hugh Seely, 1st Baron Sherwood


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Avalon Boys (new)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Dmcdevit·t 06:40, July 31, 2005 (UTC)

The Avalon Boys (new)
Single link in page PhilipO 20:30, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete it's just a link. Friday 20:36, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per above. --jonasaurus 21:47, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete website advertising, non notable band. JamesBurns 03:48, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. This band has released four albums and claims to have been played on BBC Radio. Their first album was taken from Laurel and Hardy. I don't know how well the albums have done though see . Capitalistroadster 14:33, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:Venezuelan painters

title: Category:Venezuelan painters


text:
Message-waiting indicator

In telephony, a message-waiting indicator (MWI) is a Telcordia Technologies (formerly Bellcore) term for an FSK-based telephone calling feature that illuminates an LED on selected telephones to notify a telephone user of waiting voicemail messages on most North American public telephone networks and PBXs.

As described in Telcordia Generic Requirements document GR-283-CORE, a Message_Waiting_Indicator (MWI) is a mechanism that informs the subscriber about the status of recorded messages. The subscriber may subscribe to a notification feature that makes use of the status of this MWI.

Difference to audible message waiting indicators
This feature is also frequently called (and abbreviated) as visual message waiting indicator (VMWI). A VMWI, as defined in Telcordia GR-1401-CORE, is a stored program controlled switching (SPCS) system feature that activates and deactivates a visual indicator on customer-premises equipment (CPE) to notify the customer that new messages are waiting. VMWI differs from existing features that use other message indicators, such as audible stuttered dial tone, in that it activates a visual indicator on the CPE. The visual indicator may be as simple as lighting or flashing a light-emitting diode (LED), or as advanced as displaying a special message on a liquid-crystal display (LCD).

This technology was invented by Jerome (Jerry) Schull and Wayne Howe at BellSouth's Advanced Technology R&D group in 1992 and was issued as US Patents #5,363,431 and #5,521,964. It was introduced in 1995, with the introduction of CLASS-based calling features and ADSI. It was at one time only compatible with ADSI-compliant telephones but is now compatible with any customer premises equipment (CPE) that simply responds visually to visual FSK.

Use of similar indicator on standalone Caller ID set-top boxes
This service is often erroneously associated with the abilities of most Caller ID standalone set-top boxes. Caller ID boxes manufactured after 1998 feature an LED that blinks green to notify that new calls have been recorded and red to indicate that a subscriber has new voicemail messages waiting. Some units also display the text "MESSAGE WAITING" (similar to ADSI-compliant telephones). These units do not use visual FSK to activate their red LEDs, but instead, they briefly "pick-up" the line at certain intervals (normally, within two minutes of a new call) to check for a "stuttered" dial tone. The presence of a stutter dial tone activates a red LED; while absence deactivates it.

Mobile telephony
For mobile phones, the message-waiting indicator is sent via a Short Message Service (SMS) message — the same system used for texting. (SMS was actually invented for utilitarian uses like this, not for user conversation.) It not only indicates that a message is waiting, but also how many unheard messages there are on the voicemail server for that telephone number. In the event that a phone is deactivated, out of range, or otherwise removed from the network, there is often no way to clear this indicator until another message is recorded to the system, causing the MWI message to be sent again once the phone reconnects. The customer service call center for the mobile network operator may also be able to provide simple technical support to reset this by resending the MWI message manually.

title: Message-waiting indicator


text:
1881–82 in English football

The 1881–82 season was the 11th season of competitive football in England.

National team
England played Ireland for the first time. Their 13–0 victory is still the team's largest ever win.

* England score given first

† This match constituted Ireland's international debut

Key
 * H = Home match
 * A = Away match
 * F = Friendly

Honours
Notes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition

title: 1881–82 in English football


text: Category:Venezuelan artists

title: Category:Venezuelan artists


text:
Zome (architecture)

A zome is a building designed using geometries different from of a series of rectangular boxes, used in a typical house or building. The word zome was coined in 1968 by Nooruddeen Durkee (then Steve Durkee), combining the words dome and zonohedron. One of the earliest models became a large climbing structure at the Lama Foundation.

Origin

Following his education at Amherst College and UCLA, Steve Baer studied mathematics at Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Zurich, Switzerland). Here he became interested in the possibilities of building innovative structures using polyhedra. Baer and his wife, Holly, moved back to the U.S., settling in Albuquerque, New Mexico in the early 1960s. In New Mexico, he experimented with constructing buildings of unusual geometries (calling them by his friend Steve Durkee's term: "zomes" — see "Drop City") — buildings intended to be appropriate to their environment, notably to utilize solar energy well. He was fascinated with the dome geometry popularized by architect R. Buckminster Fuller. Baer was an occasional guest at Drop City, an arts and experimental community near Trinidad, CO. He wanted to design and construct buildings that didn't suffer from some of the limitations of the smaller, owner-built versions of geodesic domes (of the 'pure Fuller' design).

Later developments
In recent years, the unconventional "zome" building-design approach with its multi-faceted geometric lines has been taken up by French builders in the Pyrenees. Home Work, a book published in 2004 and edited by Lloyd Kahn, has a section featuring these buildings. While many zomes built in the last couple decades have been wood-framed and made use of wood sheathing, much of what Baer himself originally designed and constructed involved metal framing with a sheet-metal outer skin.[citation needed]

Zomes have also been used in art, sculpture, and furniture. Zomadic, based in San Francisco, CA and founded by Rob Bell, incorporates zome geometry into artistic structures constructed primarily from CNC machined plywood components. Bell is a frequent attendee at Burning Man, a yearly artistic showcase event located in the Black Rock Desert of Nevada.[citation needed]

Richie Duncan of Kodama Zomes, based in southern Oregon has invented a structural system based on a hanging zome geometry, suspended from an overhead anchor point. Constructed of metal compressive elements and webbing tensile elements, the structures are able to be assembled and disassembled. This suspended zome system has been used in furniture, performing arts, and treehouse applications.[citation needed]

Yann Lipnick of Zomadic Concepts in France has an extensive study of, and multiple project construction of zomes in many different materials. He highlights the universal appeal and healing atmosphere that zomes provide and has training classes and reference books on zome construction.[citation needed]

title: Zome (architecture)


text:
Talk:Simon Jeffery

Untitled
I've done some formatting on this page. Not sure if it is notable, or even true. Can anyone expand it and verify it please? Oliver Keenan 20:32, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

Expanded. Technitai 12:01, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Simon Jeffery


text:
Talk:Hugh Seely, 1st Baron Sherwood

Untitled
i have rewritten the entry in order to comply with copyright requirements

see below

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Hugh_Seely_3rd_Baronet%2C_and_1st_Baron_Sherwood/Temp
 * I think it looks very nice. I would add a citation for your source. Ken 20:34, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

External links modified
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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 04:06, 8 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Hugh Seely, 1st Baron Sherwood.jpg

title: Talk:Hugh Seely, 1st Baron Sherwood


text:
Carterocephalus

Carterocephalus is a Holarctic genus of skipperlings in the skipper family, Hesperiidae.

The wing colour is yellow, white, dark-brown and black with a variously spotted appearance. The hindwing upperside is dark with clear cut rounded lighter spots. The majority of species are endemic to China.

Species
Listed alphabetically:
 * Carterocephalus abax Oberthür, 1886 - Tibet
 * Carterocephalus alcinoides Lee, 1962 - Yunnan
 * Carterocephalus alcina Evans, 1939 - Yunnan
 * Carterocephalus argyrostigma (Eversmann, 1851) - Siberia, Mongolia and China
 * Carterocephalus avanti (de Nicéville, 1886) – orange and silver mountain hopper – Tibet
 * Carterocephalus canopunctatus (Nabokov 1941)
 * Carterocephalus christophi Grum-Grshimailo, 1891 - Tibet, western China
 * Carterocephalus dieckmanni Graesser, 1888 - China
 * Carterocephalus flavomaculatus Oberthür, 1886 - Tibet, West China
 * Carterocephalus gemmatus Leech, 1891
 * Carterocephalus habaensis Yoshino, 1997 - Yunnan
 * Carterocephalus houangty Oberthür, 1886 - Tibet, western China
 * Carterocephalus mandan Oberthür, 1891
 * Carterocephalus micio Oberthür, 1891 - China
 * Carterocephalus niveomaculatus Oberthür, 1886 - Tibet, West and South China
 * Carterocephalus palaemon (Pallas, 1771) – chequered skipper
 * Carterocephalus pulchra (Leech, 1891) - Tibet, western China
 * Carterocephalus silvicola (Meigen, 1829) – northern chequered skipper
 * Carterocephalus skada (W. H. Edwards, 1870) Arctic skipper, arctic skipperling

Former species

 * Carterocephalus plancus Hopffer, 1874 - transferred to Ladda plancus (Hopffer, 1874)

title: Carterocephalus


text: User talk:63.86.19.12

title: User talk:63.86.19.12


text:
User talk:Asacarny

Welcome!
Hello, Asacarny, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  20:33, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page. :)

title: User talk:Asacarny


text:
Videoton

Videoton may refer to:
 * Videoton (company), Hungarian electronics company
 * Fehérvár FC, formerly known as Videoton FC, Hungarian football club

title: Videoton


text:
User talk:Mlouns

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Phroziac (talk) 20:34, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
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Mother Teresa Page
Thank you for your constructive critizim. I really appriciate it. I am new to Wikipedia. I live near Seattle too.Goblyglook (talk) 02:55, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

You're very right, please accept my apology. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Yurigerhard (talk • contribs) 20:08, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

Tacoma Narrows Bridge photo
That's hilarious, you went and took the picture the day after I went pretty far out of my way for the same reason. This could have been avoided had you read and responded to the talk page about this. Also, I'm curious why you decided to copyright with unconditional release rather than the GFDL or public domain ? I guess I will still upload my (full sized) images to the Commons. Cacophony 23:23, 23 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Hmm, total coincidence! I never knew anyone had asked for a picture, and I never even saw that talk page until you pointed it out just now -- it was just a whim. I almost got the shot the day before when you did, but I was running short on time. I'll be curious if you got a better one -- I was disappointed with the poor opportunities for a good shot. The Official Viewing Area didn't offer all that great a view, I thought.

 * As for copyrights, I just didn't care. No way anyone is going to profit from the picture I took, so I wasn't worried, and I didn't try to figure out the different nuances. Mlouns 00:39, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I just changed licensing to GNU-style. Mlouns 09:06, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Human sacrifice additions to Ancient Rome
Dunno if you're still tracking that article (and its Talk page), but your instincts were good ones. I usually don't get hooked in by these stupidities, but did this time.... And despite my website, I'm the last person to defend the Romans — horrible cruel people — which I think is what underlies our semi-anonymous friend's tone. Best, Bill 15:46, 17 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I was alerted by a couple odd things: (1) He edited anonymously (2) He added a few big paragraphs all at once (3) His English in the comments was not nearly at the level of the added text. The charges of bias make it look even weirder. I think the way this is resolving looks reasonable. BTW, I really like your LacusCurtius site. Mlouns 03:31, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:WestminsterAbbeyFarm.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:WestminsterAbbeyFarm.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me, or ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Rory096 07:16, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:WestminsterAbbeyFrescoDetail.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:WestminsterAbbeyFrescoDetail.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

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Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me, or ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Rory096 07:17, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:P6180204.JPG
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Image:FraserRiver.jpg
Hello and thanks for this picture. I have copied it to Wiki Commons: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:FraserRiver.jpg I would like to suggest that in the future you upload imaages directly to Wiki Commons rather than to English Wikipedia, as this will allow them immediately to be visible and usable in all Wiki projects. Vmenkov 19:08, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks! I will certainly do that next time. Mlouns 20:10, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Tuff and Tufa
I have virtually no knowledge of geology, but it seems to me that there are several things wrong with the tuff and tufa articles.

I am studying a historical course with the Open University, and it seems that tuff used to be called tufa, may still perhaps be called tufa in other countries (e.g. Italy), and prominent archaeologists/classicists still use the old terminology. This despite the fact that amongst geologists the distiction was clear in 1954 (Penguin's "A Dictionary of Geology") - though the Concise Oxford Dictionary was still using tufa as a catch-all term in 1964 (reprinted 1974).

I am wondering how this information can be used to modify the articles on tuff and tufa. It seems plain that (1) the existing contents of the tufa article refers to both tuff (in regard to Rome) and tufa, and (2) the dogmatic statements in both articles on the distinctions need to be clarified - the fact that current geology distinguishes is not sufficient if other current and/or foreign academic materials may not!

If you allow me to email you I can quote you the above copyright items - the piece in my course study guide from the Open University is particularly illuminating

--PeterR 13:23, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * What you are saying makes sense. I certainly learned about tufa in the archeological context, in a course in Rome from Americans. We used an Italian book, which called it tufa also. But I have enough geological knowledge that I think I understand the difference as well. Let me know how to give you my email address -- I don't want to put it on a general wikipedia page. Mlouns 18:07, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

Fra Angelico
Thanks for keeping an eye on the vandals! --Amandajm 09:58, 23 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Convent. I wish people would check before they make changes like that. It's all there on wiki...--Amandajm 16:06, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks. "rv incorrect correction" is a frequent comment in my wiki editing. And as you say, so much of it could be avoided by just clicking a link. Mlouns 16:50, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

A "minor" note :-)
Just a comment that your recent edit to Talk:Catechism of the Catholic Church was marked as minor. Not a big deal, but that indication is meant for edits which are spelling/grammar fixes, formatting changes, etc., but which leave the content essentially the same. Your edit did anything but—it was actually a very lucid and accurate analysis.

I point this out since some users (not me though) flag their watchlists to ignore edits marked as minor. In a case like this, they would not know you replied. Baccyak4H (Yak!) 18:14, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks, and you are right. I tend to reflexively hit "minor" due to so much vandalism repair, but I ought not to have there. Mlouns 18:20, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

Michael...
Why did you undo my changes? Is there anything historically wrong about them? Are they clear vandalism or wrong facts? Please note that undoing other's changes, especially those of longtime contributors (I'm a sysop at the Spanish wikipedia and an expertise on Alexander the Great), without giving any explications in the edit summary is not well considered. That line was historically correct and one of the most important characteristics of Alexander's behavior towards his lovers, so why deleting it? Greetings --Bucephala 19:39, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

 * At first glance, it looks like a non-notable opinion. One could say the same for a significant percentage of persons throughout history, but it is not worth mentioning for them either. If this is a notable theme in Alexander legends (maybe there are later medieval stories where this is a centerpiece? I don't know...), then it would be good to refer to them. But as it stands, I really don't see it as worth mentioning just as it is without further facts behind it. I am usually not interested in revert wars, so you won't see me undo it a second time. Mlouns 20:04, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

Colosseum
I've semi'd it for 1 month, since it is that heavy but sufficient to re-issue semi-protection. And also It is very rare for me lock a page indefinitely, since if it is the case, the page can be locked for too long, although exceptions are made for very prominent targets (i.e articles such as Georges W. Bush, Dick Cheney, Bill Clinton, Gay, Fuck, Penis, etc, etc.) Thanks for the alert!-- JForget 01:44, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the semi! It should help. I think there are a ton of pages like this that are not obvious targets (such as politicians or obscenities), but which pretty much every high school kid in the English-speaking world ends up looking at at one time or another for school reports. I think that is where the high attention comes from. Mlouns 01:50, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Battle of Waterloo
It looks like you are getting into a edit war over a link. Would you mind explaining what this is about? Tirronan 20:20, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I think it actually is not an edit war. I added the internal link while the other editor was in the midst of a series of edits. He overwrote my edit, presumably unintentionally, while adding his in. If I see it get undone again, I'd think something more significant was up, but for now, I think there is no intended conflict. Make sense? Mlouns 20:26, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Ivan Chiriaev
Hi, I'm new to Wikipedia but I'm a fan of Ivan's and I don't understand how my edit constituted vandalism. If you could explain this, please do. 24.214.228.165 (talk) 07:18, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, isn't that the correct quote? 24.214.228.165 (talk) 07:34, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

Pompeii and Pompeii: The Last Day
I am 58.104.170.23, the IP Address you accused of vandalising [Pompeii] and [Pompeii: The Last Day]. Neither of these were examples of vandalism. As illustrated here:, the figure is sucking his thumb. Likewise, a cursory reading of Letters Bk VI 20 shows that while Pliny the Elder was sailing toward the volcano, Pliny the Younger was studying, "then a bath, dinner and a short and restless sleep". He "remained sluggishly intent on [his] book".

EDIT: Sorry, forgot to sign --Khuxan (talk) 20:27, 18 November 2007 (UTC).

Wikipedia:Requests for page protection
Regarding the above: You're welcome! Chase me ladies, I'm the Cavalry (talk) 23:07, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

USS Independence in the Mothball Fleet?
Good evening,

I was curious to know if the Independence is still at the "Mothball" Fleet at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton, Washington. I saw that you had taken a picture of her a year or so ago and was curious to know if you are able to take some better pictures of her, as I served on board her in 1995. Please contact me via email. Thank you.

Ed —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rounlin (talk • contribs) 05:48, 24 November 2007 (UTC)

I updated the comment you had left for me man, I wasnt able to email you. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rounlin (talk • contribs) 01:03, 27 November 2007 (UTC)

Oedipus
You accused me of vandalism a while ago, I only recently received your message. I;m unsure as to what the vandalism is: I didn't add any untrue comments. Therefore, I have replaced them on the site, because there is nothing wrong with them. Please respond, and communicate just what this vandalism was.

Guillaume G. (talk) 05:27, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

I'm sorry for what happen with the editing issue. My little brother somehow hacked into my account and wrote that. I'm very sorry this happen.--Horuchimaro (talk) 21:17, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

Tuffffffa
Ciao! Thanks for help... I'm trying to replace the wrong attribution especially in Italian articles in which I'm sure it's not tufa; maybe you can help with other countries... Thanks and good work. --Attilios (talk) 17:46, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

please watch what you label as vandalism
Please remember to WP:AGF, neither of the following edits or  can be assumed to be vandalism. By labelling them as such, you fail to AGF. Now subsequent edits by said user probably validate your position... but it irks me when I see somebody byte newbies by labelling questionable posts as vandalism. Both of the above comments were on talk pages. Perhaps the user was named after Mother Teresa, and didn't realize that making that statement isn't what Wikipedia is about. Perhaps said user thought the talk page was like any other number of blogs/forums for discussion of the subject. An innocent edit, labeled as vandalism. Likewise the edit on AGuernica--questionable edit? Yes, Vandalism? No.Balloonman (talk) 05:49, 15 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I guess, looking at the edits, I have a problem with twinkle... it was the edit summaries that I didn't like.Balloonman (talk) 15:52, 15 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I would like to add, btw, that I really appreciate your efforts to revert vandalism on Antiquity related articles Mlouns. Keep up the good work! --Steerpike (talk) 17:31, 17 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks! We aims to please. Mlouns (talk) 20:26, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

Decebalus name
Hi, you have undone on Decebalus, some things I wrote. You may correct the grammar mistakes you said I have made, but do not delete the entire message, decebalus is not translated as "the brave one". I did gave referemces this time. I am a Romanian so I should know some things better that others. The whole points of my text is so that the people that are reading the article about Decebal, understand the significance of his name. I sow that you know latin, so if indeed you do you probably know that is quite difficult to translate from latin into "modern" languages, as latin suffered lots and lots of changes.So yes you can correct my spelling, though... anyway DO NOT remove my article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dumaru (talk • contribs) 19:13, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Dear Dumaru, I really don't have any strong bias about what the name means, and your explanation would be fine if stated briefly and with proper style. But what you wrote is rambling and unsourced, and does not really come close to wikipedia style. I would suggest a very short mention of your alternative definition (one sentence or clause), together with a reference to supporting explanation without going into it in so much detail. Mlouns (talk) 19:20, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

k, I will. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dumaru (talk • contribs) 21:04, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Anti Vandalism Software
Hi,

Currently I am using Huggle this has not officially been released and is still in development. I would also recommend trying out Twinkle which is what I used to use, and that is very good as it is automated as well.

I hope this helps!

-- The Helpful One (Talk)(Contribs) (Review) 18:45, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I've been a heavy Twinkle user for a couple months, but I do get occasional questions from people about which edit triggered a warning on their talk page. It sounds as if Huggle takes care of that. I will look for it once it is official. Mlouns (talk) 18:47, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

Re: Rothes entry
I see that you reverted some odd edits on Rothes, and then un-reverted them back. I think those edits you first reverted look at best unencyclopedic and at worst are possibly bogus. Before I re-revert, I was wondering what caused you to reconsider and un-revert? The editors (at least one other is Special:Contributions/88.207.223.9) have other similar edits elsewhere. Thanks, Mlouns (talk) 20:41, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Good call. I actually used the rollback, which, of course, is used for only vandalism. And it didn't look like vandalism at a second glance so I reverted. But I've restored the version now as, on closer inspection, it looks to be copyvio from somewhere. Thanks for pointing that out to me! Take care, Scarian Call me Pat  20:45, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks! That clears that up. Mlouns (talk) 20:47, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:CapoMiseno.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:CapoMiseno.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, then you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 03:44, 16 April 2008 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? Kelly hi! 03:44, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

About your comments on my talk page
I got a message from you stating "Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did to Talk:Alexander the Great. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you."

I believe I may have recieved this by mistake as I have never edited that page.KillHammer (talk) 06:24, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:PuteoliAmphitheater.jpg
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:PuteoliAmphitheater.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree files because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the file's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the file description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Sreejith K (talk) 06:37, 5 August 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:06, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mlouns