text:
User talk:The Cougar

Welcome!
Hello, The Cougar, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  18:50, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything. :)

title: User talk:The Cougar


text:
José María Urvina

José María Mariano Segundo de Urvina y Viteri (19 March 1808 – 4 September 1891) was President of Ecuador from 13 July 1851 to 16 October 1856. He was born in Quillan San Migelito (Pillaro-Tungurahua) on 19 March 1808.

Name spelling
The correct spelling of his name has been cause of confusion, since his banker son Francisco Urbina Jado wrote it "Urbina" instead of the original "Urvina".

Education and career
José María Urvina pursued his primary education in the village of his birth. He then attended the Navy School in Guayaquil. He was notorious among his classmates from whom he obtained friendship and consideration.

His competence and courage in the naval combat of Punta de Mapelo rose him above other members of the group. He was the aide-camp of Juan José Flores. In his career he demonstrated his vocation, reaching the degree of General of the Republic.

Political life

 * Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies in 1849
 * Congressman for the province of Guayas
 * Governor of Guayaquil
 * Chargé d'Affairs of Ecuador in Bogota
 * Supreme Chief from 17 July 1851 to 17 July 1852
 * Elaboration of the sixth National Constitution.
 * President of Ecuador from 1852 to 1856
 * Abolishment of Indian and black slavery in Ecuador, on 25 September 1852.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: José María Urvina


text:
Talk:Sarevok

His foster father
Who was his foster father, was not that Reiltar? Ariakas 15:25, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

i think Sarevok instead had a foster mother, who's name i can't remember, something with G?

no wait, i checked the walkthrough that a woman named "Cythandria" was a bad influence on Sarevok?

Cythandria? was not that his lover? Ariakas 15:25, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

i think his lover was someone called Tamoko?

nah, they were not lovers were they... only sort of Tamoko served Sarevok? or have I got it all wrong? Ariakas 11:02, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

yeah, i think Sarevok didn;t like anyone in particuarler, but Tamoko was like, "like to serve him" in a way, right? Dumoren 11:49, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Hey, wasn't Sarevok's second name Sarevok Costak? i think Anchev is reiltar's surname.

Dumoren 02:59, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

 * There was a little love triangle going on, with Tamoko sending the player to deal with Cythandria at the top level of the Iron Throne, once you've returned from Candlekeep, so they were both his lovers/partners.
 * About Sarevok's name, the Iron Throne leaders you meet in Candlekeep is called Rieltar Anchev, Brunos Costak, and Thaldorn Tenhevich, but later, Rieltar is referred to as Rieltar Costak, so it's safe to assume that Black Isle was a little confused? When Sarevok is being presented in the castle in Baldur's Gate, it's by the name Sarevok Anchev, but the seer at the fair in Baldur's Gate names him Sarevok Costak (and Rieltar Costak as well). Poulsen 11:13, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

_________________________ There's a fanfiction novel that follows Sarevok's story in it's entirety, including the sequel where he journeys to Kara-Tur in order to bury Tamoko and never returns, as it says in his epilogue.

http://www.gamejag.net/Makings/

In this epilogue it also says that Tamoko was his true love. Tamoko wants you to defeat Sarevok for she doesn't believe he is destined to be a god and wants to spend the rest of her life with him.

 * His foster father is Rieltar Anchev by his ToB biography among other sources. (That's not a typo, the spelling of Rieltar/Reiltar varies, I can't remember which was where.) Ville V. Kokko 21:26, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

Alignment (role-playing games)
What would you classify Sarevoks alignment, i think before he was killed he was either, chaotic evil of lawful evil, but when he got ressurected(sp) he changed to a chaotic good?

Dumoren 06:48, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

Sarevok's alignment remained the same after he was ressurected.

but i read somewhere that, in the game when he talks to you, after a number of conversations, he's alignment becomes chaotic good, like minsc, if you say good stuff: eg killing is wrong etc?

Dumoren 04:21, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, it is possible to 'convert' Sarevok during the game, but still, he starts out as chaotic evil. If I remember correctly, the player has to be very 'good'/lucky, as the very first conversation will matter, if you demand he take an oath of loyalty before you resurrect him, or not. Poulsen 10:28, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Images
As it is now, there's three similiar pics in the article, and I think only the top one should be kept, as it shows him the clearest, and is the most menacing. Apart from that, cold somebody take a screenshot from character screen in BG2, cut his face out of it, and upload it? I don't have my game with me at the moment, so if someone else would do that? It would make some diversity on the page, I think. Poulsen 10:32, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

I think we should have the Sarevok portriat as the main image. What do you think?

Dumoren 06:47, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

There used to be, but I changed it to the current one because it seems the most menacing and powerful pic of him. You're free to include it somewhere in the article though.

what was the image/portrait called? Dumoren 09:09, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Can you tell me how to combine images? I want to combines Sarevok's Throne of Bhall portriat with his armour.

Dumoren 03:18, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

his special attack & game stats
Anyone remember his super cool special attack? I think it was called like "Deathbringer assault" and did like 200 damage in one hit. Perhaps the article should mention how rediculously powerful he could become in your party.

About the sword
"His sword however is available at the beginning of Shadows of Amn and if the protagonist passes it to Sarevok, he recognizes the weapon. Sarevok says that he won't be able to return the weapon to its prime, since he is not a Bhaalspawn anymore, however he imbues it with additional properties."

This is false. He only recognizes the sword if you have the mod Ascension installed. Not in unmodded game. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 81.197.73.87 (talk • contribs).

 * Ah, I wondered about that. Better go change it in the FR Wiki. Ville V. Kokko 21:29, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sarevok


text:
Francisco Robles

Francisco Robles García (5 May 1811 – 7 March 1893) was President of Ecuador from 16 October 1856 to 31 August 1859. During his term, war broke out with Peru and Ecuador was defeated.

title: Francisco Robles


text:
Alvarado, California

Alvarado (formerly, New Haven) is a former settlement in and former county seat of Alameda County, California, now part of Union City. It was located 5 mi north-northwest of downtown Newark.

In 1851, Henry C. Smith founded the town of New Haven, named after his father's home town of New Haven, Connecticut. In 1853, the town amalgamated with a nearby town called Alvarado, and became the county seat of the newly formed Alameda County. Alvarado was named for Juan Alvarado, Mexican Governor of California from 1836 to 1842. The first post office opened in 1853.

On January 13, 1959, Alvarado and Decoto voted to incorporate as Union City, California.

Though New Haven and Alvarado are both now part of Union City, the name of New Haven lives on in the New Haven Unified School District.

title: Alvarado, California


text:
Rafael Carvajal

Rafael Carvajal Guzmán (1818–1881) was the vice president of Ecuador from 1864 to 1865 and the acting president from 31 August 1865 to 7 September 1865.

He was Minister of Finance in 1862 and in 1869.

title: Rafael Carvajal


text:
Jerónimo Carrión

Jerónimo Carrión y Palacio (6 July 1804, Cariamanga – 5 May 1873) was President of Ecuador between 7 September 1865 and 6 November 1867. He also served as Vice President of Ecuador from 1858 to 1860. He was a member of the Ecuadorian Conservative Party.

Biography
His presidency demonstrated remarkable honesty in its procedures and loyalty to the principles of the government. But he showed a lack of energy, which was abused by the adversaries of the current regime and those who still did not forgive the vigilance and severity of the previous one. The failure of this government in which any other era would have been a constructive government and of historical significance gave beginning in the contrast of characters between García Moreno and Jerónimo Carrión. The Minister of Government, assumed all the functions of the regime, to the extent that the whole country noticed the lack of will of the President, although it was not quite so. However, the administration was wise and developed in a climate of peace and relative tolerance.

title: Jerónimo Carrión


text:
Pedro José de Arteta

Pedro José de Arteta y Calisto (1797 in Quito – 24 August 1873 ) was Vice President of Ecuador from 1865 to 1869 and served briefly as President from 6 November 1867 to 20 January 1868. He was President of the Senate in 1839. He was the brother of Nicolás Joaquín de Arteta y Calisto, first Archbishop of Quito. He was a Conservative.

title: Pedro José de Arteta


text:
User talk:In-black

Welcome!
Hello, In-black, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  18:51, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything. :)

title: User talk:In-black


text:
Juan Javier Espinosa

José Manuel Francisco Javier Espinosa y Espinosa (2 December 1815, Quito – 4 September 1870) was President of Ecuador, from 20 January 1868 to 19 January 1869.

title: Juan Javier Espinosa


text:
Talk:The Park

Untitled
How is this a CSD and not a stub? --Spangineer (háblame)  18:51, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Park


text:
Francisco León Franco

Francisco Javier León Franco (13 October 1832 – 10 August 1880) was Vice President of Ecuador in the administration of Gabriel García Moreno from 1869 to 1875, and acting President of Ecuador 6 August 1875 to 6 October 1875. He was President of the Chamber of Deputies in 1865.

title: Francisco León Franco


text:
José Javier Eguiguren

José Javier Eguiguren Ríofrío (3 December 1816 – 1884) was acting President of Ecuador from 6 October 1875 to 9 December 1875.

He was Minister of Finance from 1870 to 1871 and from 1874 to 1875.

title: José Javier Eguiguren


text:
Texas Tommy

Texas Tommy may refer to:

 * Texas Tommy (dance), a social dance
 * Texas Tommy (dance move), a dance move
 * Texas Tommy (food), a grilled, split hot dog with bacon and cheese
 * Texas Tommy (film), 1928 American film

title: Texas Tommy


text:
Rafael Pólit

Rafael Pólit Cevallos (1823 - 1897) studied at the Central University of Quito and joined the Conservative Party of Ecuador of Gabriel García Moreno. He was President of the Municipal Council of Guayaquil. He was President of the Senate when Congress resumed after the assassination of García Moreno on 6 August 1875. From 4 October 1875 - 9 December 1875 he held the combined office of Minister of the Interior and Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was also Minister of Finance.

In 1878 the government sent him into exile, but later he returned. On 2 May 1895 he became head of the government of Guayas, but resigned within a month.

He died on 23 October 1897 in Quito.

title: Rafael Pólit


text:
Antonio Borrero

Antonio María Vicente Narciso Borrero y Cortázar (29 October 1827 – 9 October 1911) was Vice President of Ecuador from 1863 to 1864, and President from 9 December 1875 to 18 December 1876.

Antonio Borrero was born in Cuenca, Ecuador and completed much of his education in his home town. He received his law license in Quito. He served as President of Ecuador for little over a year before being overthrown in the Revolution of Veintemilla. He was exiled by Jefe Supremo (Supreme Chief) Ignacio de Veintemilla and lived for a number of years in Peru and Chile. After the overthrow of Veintemilla in 1883, he was allowed to return to Ecuador where he practiced law and worked as a journalist and writer until his death in Quito in 1911.

His administration supported free suffrage, press freedom and guarantees of individual rights. He was urged to by liberals to hold a national assembly to amend the Garciana Constitution and establish the Republic on more modern lines.

title: Antonio Borrero


text:
Upāsaka

Upāsaka (masculine) or Upāsikā (feminine) are from the Sanskrit and Pāli words for "attendant". This is the title of followers of Buddhism (or, historically, of Gautama Buddha) who are not monks, nuns, or novice monastics in a Buddhist order, and who undertake certain vows. In modern times they have a connotation of dedicated piety that is best suggested by terms such as "lay devotee" or "devout lay follower".

Precepts
The five vows to be held by upāsakas are referred to as the "Five Precepts" (Pāli: pañcasīla):
 * 1) I will not take the life of a sentient being;
 * 2) I will not take what has not been given to me;
 * 3) I will refrain from sexual misconduct;
 * 4) I will refrain from false speech;
 * 5) I will refrain from becoming intoxicated.

In the Theravada tradition, on Uposatha days, devout lay practitioners may request the "Eight Precepts" from monastics (Pali: uposathaṃ samādiyati). It was a widespread practice in Chinese Buddhist communities as well, and is still practiced.

The eight precepts is a list of precepts that are observed by lay devotees on observance days and festivals. They include general precepts such as refraining from killing, but also more specific ones, such as abstaining from cosmetics. These precepts were probably based on pre-Buddhist sāmaṇa practices. Since the eight precepts are often upheld on the Buddhist uposatha days, they are called the uposatha vows or one-day precepts in such context. They are considered to support meditation practice, and are often observed when staying in monasteries and temples. In some periods and places, such as in 7th–10th-century China, the precepts were widely observed. In modern times, there have been revival movements and important political figures that have observed them continuously.

Theravada traditions
In traditional Theravada communities, a non-Buddhist becomes a Buddhist lay disciple by repeating the ancient formulas for the Three Refuges and the Five Precepts in response to the formal administrations of a monk or by himself in himself or in front of a Cetiya or an image of the Buddha. Newborns of Buddhist parents are traditionally initiated by being brought on their first outing to a temple on a full-moon or festival day where they are presented to the Triple Gem.

Mahayana/Vajrayana traditions
In both the Chinese Ch'an and Japanese Zen traditions, a ceremony of taking refuge in the Triple Gem as well as the receiving of the precepts (受戒 ) is a type of lay ordination.

The ordination procedures for receiving precepts in the Chinese tradition are laid out in the fourteenth chapter of the Sutra on Upasaka Precepts (優婆塞戒經受戒品第十四).

The disciple hoping to receive the precepts first pays respects to the six directions, which represent their parents, teacher, husband or wife, friends, religious master and employees (traditionally servants). Honoring the six directions is a "means fulfilling one's reciprocal responsibilities in each of these relationships".

A person who has honored these relationships and paid his respects to the six directions must then receive permission from his parents to accept the precepts. If they agree, he informs his spouse and those under his employment. Traditionally, the disciple would then get permission from his king. This last procedure is no longer widely observed.

The disciple, having paid his respects to the six directions and having the relevant permissions, may now ask a monastic to help him receive the precepts. (In modern times, these ceremonies are normally held on a regular basis at temples and presided over by the temple master or his deputy, and one would not ask a random monk or nun to perform the ceremony.)

The monastic and disciple then engage in a dialog, with the monastic asking questions and the disciple answering. The monastic asks the disciple if he has paid respects to the six directions and if he has the relevant permissions. The monk will ask a series of questions that ensure the practitioner has not committed grave offenses and is both physically and mentally fit to receive the precepts.

The monastic explains the benefits of the precepts as well as the negative consequences of breaking them, and asks if the disciple is prepared to accept them and remain dedicated to the Triple Gem. Next, the monastic asks the disciple if to follow additional habits to prevent breaking the precepts, to discourage others from breaking them, and to avoid excessive attachment to the five skandhas. If the practitioner is prepared, the monk asks the disciple to practice all the advice for six months while remaining under the monk's regular observation.

If, after six months, the disciple has upheld the precepts well, he may ask the monastic for formal taking of the precepts. The disciple will then take refuge in the Triple Gem, and the monastic will then ensure the disciple is prepared to take on all (as opposed to only some) of the precepts. If the disciple commits to accepting all the precepts, and recites them with the monk, then he has finished his lay ordination.

The chapter closes with a description of consequences of breaking the precepts and the obligations that one must take on after receiving the precepts.

Ceremonial dress
Traditionally, in India, upāsakas wore white robes, representing a level of renunciation between lay people and monastics. For this reason, some traditional texts make reference to "white-robed lay people" (avadāta-vassana). This practice can still be found in contemporary Theravadin temples, especially during the occasion when a non-Buddhist converts to Buddhism or when one is observing the Eight Precepts on an uposatha day.

In the Chinese tradition, both upāsakas and upāsikās are permitted to wear robes for temple ceremonies and retreats, as well as home practice. Upāsakas and upāsikās wear long sleeved black robes called haiqing (海青), symbolic of their refuge in the Triple Jewel. A brown kasaya called a manyi (缦衣) worn outside the black robes is symbolic of their upholding of the precepts. Unlike monastics, they are not permitted to regularly wear robes outside functions other than temple activities or Buddhist disciplines.

Some Japanese laity can also be seen wearing a rakusu, a short cloth worn around the neck of Zen Buddhist laity. Another form is the wagesa, a short surplice in the form of a strip of brocade fabric worn around the neck, with the temple mon emblazoned on it. It also acts as a simplified type of kasaya.

Famous lay followers
In the Early Buddhist Texts (SN 17:23), the Buddha said that a devoted lay disciple should foster the wish to become like Citta and Hatthaka, while devoted bhikkhus should aspire to equal Sāriputta and Mahāmoggallāna. They are the model standards are set for lay people and monks. Of the ten instructive discourses contained in the Citta Saṃyutta, three of the discourses deal with the questions posed by Citta to the bhikkhus, three of them are queries put to Citta by the bhikkhus, and four refer to personal events. Regarding female disciples, the most important figures are Khujjuttarā (foremost in teaching Dharma) and Visakha (foremost in generosity).

In the Vajrayana tradition, a well known Upasaka is Upasaka Dharmatala who serves as the attendant of the 16 arhats. He is seen to be an emanation of Avalokitesvara.

From the Buddhist scriptures
In the Pali Canon's Jivaka Sutta, the Buddha is asked, "Lord, to what extent is one a lay follower (upāsako)?" The Buddha replies that one takes refuge in the Triple Gem. Asked how one is a "virtuous lay follower" (upāsako sīlavā), the Buddha replies that one undertakes the Five Precepts. Asked how one practices being a lay follower "both for his own benefit & the benefit of others," the Buddha states that one is consummate oneself in and encourages others in the consummation of: conviction (saddhā); virtue (sīla); generosity (cāga); visiting monks; and, hearing, remembering, analyzing, understanding and practicing the Dhamma.

title: Upāsaka


text:
Ignacio de Veintemilla

Mario Ignacio Francisco Tomás Antonio de Veintemilla y Villacís (31 July 1828 – 19 July 1908) was President of Ecuador 18 December 1876 to 9 July 1883. During his presidency, his niece Marieta de Veintemilla acted as his first lady.

title: Ignacio de Veintemilla


text:
Process of elimination

Process of elimination is a logical method to identify an entity of interest among several ones by excluding all other entities. In educational testing, it is a process of deleting options whereby the possibility of an option being correct is close to zero or significantly lower compared to other options. This version of the process does not guarantee success, even if only one option remains, since it eliminates possibilities merely as improbable. The process of elimination can only narrow the possibilities down, and thus, if the correct option is not amongst the known options, it will not arrive at the truth.

Method
The method of elimination is iterative. One looks at the answers, determines that several answers are unfit, eliminates these, and repeats, until one cannot eliminate any more. This iteration is most effectively applied when there is logical structure between the answers – that is to say, when by eliminating an answer one can eliminate several others. In this case one can find the answers which one cannot eliminate by eliminating any other answers and test them alone – the others are eliminated as a logical consequence; this is the idea behind optimizations for computerized searches when the input is sorted – as, for instance, in binary search.

In order for the method to work it is necessary to list all possible, even improbable, possibilities. Any omissions render the method invalid as a logical method.

Medicine
A process of elimination can be used to reach a diagnosis of exclusion. It is an underlying method in performing a differential diagnosis.

title: Process of elimination


text:
José Plácido Caamaño

José María Plácido Caamaño y Gómez-Cornejo (5 October 1837 – 31 December 1900) was an Ecuadorian diplomat and served as President of Ecuador 23 November 1883 to 1 July 1888.

Caamaño was born in Guayaquil. He was the grandson of Spanish explorer Jacinto Caamaño. He studied law and theology in the seminary of his native city, and was educated in Quito. Subsequently, he was mayor of Guayaquil, and chief of the custom-house service. He was a member of the Progresista faction, a liberal Catholic party. Caamaño was also a conservative. The unity between the Conservatives and Liberals was achieved during the War of the Restoration but it was short-lived. President Antonio Flores tried to end the conflict between Conservatives and Liberals by creating a moderate Republican Party. Ecuador then had political stability for 12 years, but the conservatism and moderation gave way to the Liberal Revolution of 1895.

He was banished in 1882, went to Lima, organized a revolutionary expedition with which he left Callao on 14 April 1883, and landed in Ecuadorian territory three days afterwards. He organized a division and joined the forces that were besieging Guayaquil about the middle of May. The place was taken by storm by the combined forces under Caamaño, Sarasti, Alfaro, and Salazar. The Progresistas came to power.

A provisional government was appointed until the national convention could meet, and on 11 October 1883 he was elected president ad interim. He was finally proclaimed President of the Republic on 17 February 1884.

An attempt was made to assassinate him in 1886, and he narrowly escaped death by throwing himself into a river.

Under his administration telegraphs, railways, an institute of sciences, several colleges, and many new schools were added to the resources of Ecuador.

After his term ended, he served as ambassador to the US from 1889 to 1890.

title: José Plácido Caamaño


text:
Pedro José Cevallos

Pedro José Cevallos Salvador (1830–November 11, 1892) was President of Ecuador from 1 July 1888 to 17 August 1888 and Vice President from 1886 to 1890. From April to August 1891 the presidency of Antonio Flores he was minister of Public Instruction, Interior Affairs and Foreign Affairs. Shortly before his death he became a member of the Ecuadoran Academy of Literature.

title: Pedro José Cevallos


text:
Antonio Flores Jijón

Juan Antonio María Flores y Jijón de Vivanco (23 October 1833 – 30 August 1915) as 13th President of Ecuador 17 August 1888 to 30 June 1892. He was a member of the Progressive Party, a Liberal Catholic party.

Antonio Flores was born in Quito at Carondelet Palace (the presidential residence) while his father, General Juan José Flores, presided over the nation. His mother was Mercedes Jijón de Vivanco y Chiriboga, daughter of the Count of Casa Jijón, member of one of Quito's old aristocratic families.

During the first presidency of Gabriel García Moreno, Flores was an ambassador in Paris, London, and Washington. He was also Minister of Finance in 1865. He died in Geneva, Switzerland. He was married to Leonor Ruiz de Apodaca y García-Tienza, a native of Cuba. His vice president and predecessor was Pedro José Cevallos.

title: Antonio Flores Jijón


text: User talk:66.135.34.11

title: User talk:66.135.34.11


text:
Luis Cordero Crespo

Luis Benjamín Cordero y Crespo (6 April 1833 – 30 January 1912) was President of Ecuador 1 July 1892 to 16 April 1895.

Cordero was born 6 April 1833 in the Cañar province of Ecuador to parents Gregorio Cordero and Josefa Crespo. Cordero studied at the Seminary High School in Cuenca, and later the Central University of Ecuador in Quito. In 1865 he became a lawyer, arguing cases before the Supreme Court of Cuenca. After his career in law, Cordero began publishing poetry and in 1892 published the first Quicha-Spanish dictionary.

Political career
Luis Cordero was also a politician, serving as a member of the Progresistas, a liberal Catholic political party, and was a member of the provisional governing junta which led the Progresistas to power in 1883. He was President of the Senate in 1885.

In 1892 Cordero became president of Ecuador. Despite being a popular leader, Luis Cordero was forced to leave office following an international political scandal known as La venta de la bandera, or the sale of the flag. During the First Sino-Japanese war, the Ecuadorian ambassador to Chile sold weapons to Japan on behalf of Chilean businessmen, despite Chile's declared neutrality. The shipment was detained while sporting the Ecuadorian flag to cover for Chile's involvement, so the public blamed Cordero who, after a short armed conflict, was forced to resign. Former president and then-Governor of Guayas province, José María Plácido Caamaño, was discovered to be involved in the affair, so he was forced into exile where he died. In 1898 the Ecuadorian Supreme Court dropped all charges against Cordero after the Ecuadorian ambassador's involvement came to light.

Luis Cordero wrote poems in Spanish and Kichwa and published the first Kichwa-Spanish-Kichwa dictionary in Ecuador in 1892.

Works

 * Dos cantos a la Raza Latina
 * Elogio de Malo y Solano
 * Poesías Jocosas
 * Poesías Serias
 * El Rimini llacta y el Cuchiquillca
 * El Adios
 * Luis Cordero (1892): Quichua Shimiyuc Panca: Quichua-Castilla, Castilla-Quichua = Diccionario Quichua Quichua-Castellano, Castellano-Quichua. Coleccion Kashcanchicracmi, 1, 427 pankakuna, 4th edition, January 1989, ISBN 9978-84-042-7

title: Luis Cordero Crespo


text:
Lizardo García

Lizardo García Sorroza (26 April 1844 – 29 May 1937) was President of Ecuador from 1 September 1905 to 15 January 1906.

Life
García was born in Guayaquil. He founded the chamber of commerce of Guayaquil and was a member of the firefighters of his hometown.

Political life

 * Minister of Finance in 1895
 * Senator for the province Guayas
 * Vice President of the Senate
 * Councilman of Guayaquil

Garcia was also a candidate in the presidential election of 1901, but lost to Leonidas Plaza.

Presidency
Garcia was elected president in 1905, but only served for a few months. He was overthrown by the revolution led by Eloy Alfaro and was forced to leave office.

title: Lizardo García


text:
Carlos Freile Zaldumbide

Carlos Freile Zaldumbide (18 May 1851 – 28 August 1928) was an Ecuadorian politician, who served twice as acting President of Ecuador and one term as Vice President of Ecuador.

Freile was born in Quito, Ecuador on 18 May 1851.

Freile was a wealthy landowner who pioneered the raising of Holstein livestock in Ecuador. He served as vice president to President Eloy Alfaro Delgado from 31 August 1899 to 31 August 1903. He was President of the Senate in 1904 and again 1910–1911. He later became the acting President of Ecuador on 12 August 1911 following the overthrow and exile of President Eloy Alfaro. After 21 days in office, Freile was replaced by the newly elected President Emilio Estrada on 1 September 1911. Estrada died three months later, on 21 December 1911, and Freile again served as acting president until 6 March 1912 when he was succeeded by Francisco Andrade Marín.

He died in Paris, France on August 28, 1928.

title: Carlos Freile Zaldumbide


text:
User talk:Ducati38

Welcome!
Hello, Ducati38, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  18:52, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything. :)

Mass addition of Technical Properties & Applications link to many pages
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia, one or more of the external links you added do not comply with our guidelines for external links and have been removed. Wikipedia is not a collection of links; nor should it be used for advertising or promotion. Since Wikipedia uses nofollow tags, external links do not alter search engine rankings. If you feel the link should be added to the article, please discuss it on the before reinserting it. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 05:58, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

Re: Wikipedia email
Hi Ducati38, and thanks for your email.

I apologise for referring to your edits as spam; that was a failure to assume good faith on my part.

Regarding your question, I'm not sure what to suggest except that you investigate some of the links in the welcome message above, such as How to edit a page or the Wikipedia Tutorial. In a nutshell, you can contribute by adding the kind of content you would expect to find in a conventional encyclopedia (or specialist encyclopedia), and by doing your best to attribute statements of fact to reliable sources.

But first, I would strongly encourage you to read the following guideline: Conflict of interest. I appreciate that you may have considerable expertise that could be valuable to Wikipedia, and I would not want to discourage you from contributing in the areas in which you are most knowledgable. Edits that adhere to Wikipedia's policies on Verifiability and on keeping a Neutral point of view will always be welcome.

If you wish to add external links to articles, please make sure they comply with the guidelines linked in my message above. Also, it's normally best to deep link directly to a page that will be immediately useful to readers, rather than to link to a page that serves as an index or collection of links. One way to get a feel for the kinds of external links that are appropriate is to study those of featured articles that are loosely related to your own interests, perhaps acetic acid or welding.

Please feel free to email me or to leave comments or questions on my talk page.

All the best, Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 14:39, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ducati38


text:
Emilio Estrada Carmona

Emilio Estrada Carmona (28 May 1855 – 21 December 1911) was President of Ecuador from 1 September until his death from a heart attack on 21 December 1911.

title: Emilio Estrada Carmona


text:
Francisco Andrade Marín

Francisco Higinio Andrade Marín (15 November 1841 – 6 September 1935) was an Ecuadorian politician. He was Minister of Finance in 1894. He was President of the Chamber of Deputies in 1911. He was acting President of Ecuador from 6 March to 10 August 1912.

title: Francisco Andrade Marín


text:
Świętosława

Świętosława was a Polish princess, the daughter of Mieszko I of Poland and sister of Bolesław I of Poland, who married two Scandinavian kings. According to some chroniclers, this princess, whose name is not given, was married first to Eric the Victorious of Sweden and then to Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark, giving the former a son, Olof, and the latter two sons, Harald and Cnut. Because a documented sister of Cnut seems to have borne the Polish name Świętosława, it has been speculated that this may also have been the name of their mother, the Polish princess of the chroniclers.

The Icelandic sagas give her role as successive queen of these two monarchs to Sigrid the Haughty, daughter of Skagul Toste. This account is considered less reliable than the contemporary chroniclers by a number of scholars, according to Birgitta Fritz in Svenskt biografiskt lexikon, and the historical authenticity of Sigrid is viewed skeptically. Snorre Sturlasson also mentions a Slavic princess he calls Gunhild of Wenden, daughter of king Burislav of the Wends, the ancient Slavs inhabiting the northern regions of modern Poland, and it has been suggested that Gunhild may be a somewhat confused account of the sister of the Polish king Bolesław I, described by the chroniclers.

Polish genealogist Rafał Prinke sees the German chroniclers as having combined the roles of two distinct wives of Sweyn Forkbeard, with the Polish princess actually being Gunhild, mother of Cnut, Harold and a daughter Świętosława, while he sees Sigrid the Haughty as an authentic subsequent wife of Sweyn as widow of Eric the Victorious, being mother of Eric's son, Olaf, and of Sweyn's daughter, Estrid. He further suggests although Świętosława was not the name of Sweyn's Polish wife, the name had a history in the family, that perhaps it was the name of the otherwise unknown wife of Mieszko's father, Siemomysł.

Contemporary sources
There is scant material in medieval chronicles to provide details regarding the marriages of Sweyn of Denmark and Eric of Sweden:

 * Thietmar of Merseburg mentions that the daughter of Mieszko I of Poland and sister of Bolesław I Chrobry of Poland married Sweyn Forkbeard and gave him two sons, Cnut the Great and Harald II of Denmark, but he does not mention her name. Thietmar is probably the best informed of the medieval chroniclers addressing the question, since he was contemporary with the events described and well-informed about the events in Poland and Denmark. The assertion that Harald's and Cnut's mother was Bolesław's sister may explain some mysterious statements which appear in medieval chronicles, such as the involvement of Polish troops in invasions of England.
 * Adam of Bremen writes almost a century later that a Polish princess—the sister or daughter of Bolesław I Chrobry of Poland—was the wife of Eric the Victorious and by this marriage the mother of Olof Skötkonung of Sweden, before she became mother of Cnut the Great and Harald II of Denmark in her second marriage with Sweyn. Adam's claims about the marriage to Eric are considered unreliable by many historians, since he is the only source to state this relationship and because he is writing several generations later. The scholia of Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum mentions that it was the Polish king Bolesław who gave the princess' hand in marriage. One problem is that Olof was born at latest in the early 980's, before Boleslaw Chrobry came to power, and therefore was too old to be the unnamed princess's son.
 * Gesta Cnutonis regis mentions in one short passage that Cnut and his brother went to the land of the Slavs, and brought back their mother, who was living there. This does not necessarily mean that his mother was Slavic, but nevertheless this chronicle strongly suggests that she was.
 * The "Liber vitae of the New Minster and Hyde Abbey Winchester" has an entry for a sister of king Cnut named "Santslaue" (Santslaue soror CNVTI regis nostri), which is seen as a Slavic name. Based on this single mention of what would be her daughter and the supposition that the name in question represents the Old Polish name Świętosława found in a later generation of the Polish royal family, J. Steenstrup suggested that this child was named for her mother and hence the Polish wife of Eric and Sweyn was likewise named Świętosława, the name now generally used for her.

title: Świętosława


text:
Alfredo Baquerizo

Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno (28 September 1859, in Guayaquil – 20 March 1951) was an Ecuadorian politician. He served as Vice President of Ecuador of Leónidas Plaza and Lizardo García from 1903 to 1906 and as President of Ecuador three times in August – September 1912, September 1916 – August 1920 and October 1931 – August 1932. He was President of the Senate from 1912 to 1915, and in 1930. He was a member of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party.

Moreno is noted for sanctioning the abolition of the agricultural practice of concertaje, which was a system of contracted debt that held Indian hacienda laborers called conceirtos under threat of imprisonment. His administration was also considered a factor in the public disenchantment that led to the July Revolution of July 9, 1925.

title: Alfredo Baquerizo


text:
José Luis Tamayo

José Luis Tamayo Terán (29 July 1858 – 7 July 1947) was President of Ecuador from 1 September 1920 to 31 August 1924. He was a member of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party. He was Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies in 1898, and President of the Senate in 1905. He was the last Ecuadoran President to complete a full term in office until Galo Plaza Lasso did so nearly a quarter-century later.

Among Tamayo's actions in office was to promulgate Ecuador's first regulations regarding the oil industry, although the law had little practical effect. He was also active in establishing vice taxes in order to fund programs to arrest the spread of venereal disease among the prostitutes of Quito.

title: José Luis Tamayo


text:
Talk:Balderdash

Possible merge with Rappakalja

 * In all fairness to avoid confusion the two games should be kept apart. —Preceding unsigned comment added by AG2013 (talk • contribs) 01:08, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

Rolling a "die"??!!
I admit that I'm not familiar with this game, but as far as I know, you're supposed to roll a dice, aren't you? Anyway, just wanted to help out. If my help's not appreciated.... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.178.24.23 (talk) 01:14, 17 February 2010 (UTC)
 * "Dice" is plural. The singular form of that word is "die". –MuZemike 01:15, 17 February 2010 (UTC)

Edit: fixed ;) Anyway, "dice" is also singular. So this means we're both right.

I disagree with origin
I would like to call balderdash on the origin story, "created by Laura Robinson and Paul Toyne of Toronto, Ontario." I can remember playing "the dictionary game" with my family back in 1968; essentially identical, except that the words were picked from a dictionary instead of pre-supplied. Geoffrey.landis (talk) 17:56, 25 July 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 07:03, 24 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Balderdash.jpg

title: Talk:Balderdash


text:
Gonzalo Córdova

Gonzalo Segundo Córdova y Rivera (15 July 1863 – 13 April 1928) was President of Ecuador from 1924–1925. Like his immediate predecessors in the Liberal Party, he was considered to be a pawn of "La Argolla" ("the ring"), a plutocracy of coastal agricultural and banking interests whose linchpin was the Commercial and Agricultural Bank of Guayaquil led by Francisco Urbina Jado.

Popular unrest, together with an ongoing economic crisis and a sickly president, laid the foundations for a bloodless coup d'état against Córdova in July 1925. Unlike previous coups in Ecuador, the 1925 coup was in the name of a collective grouping, the League of Young Officers, rather than a particular caudillo.

He was President of the Senate in 1918.

title: Gonzalo Córdova


text:
Julio Enrique Moreno

Julio Enrique Moreno (October 20, 1879 – April 2, 1952) was Acting President of Ecuador from March to April 1926 and again from August to September 1940.

He was President of the Senate from August 1940 to February 1942.

title: Julio Enrique Moreno


text:
Humberto Albornoz

Humberto Albornoz Sánchez (1894–1959) was rotating chairman of the Provisional Government Junta of Ecuador from January 10 to March 10, 1926. He was Minister of Finance in the junta.

title: Humberto Albornoz


text:
User talk:Luigi iverson

Welcome!
Hello, Luigi iverson, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
 * Always sign your posts on talk pages with  so others will know who left which comments.
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * Our policies, guidelines, and simplified ruleset
 * How to edit a page and write a great article
 * The Wikipedia tutorial and picture tutorial
 * The handy Manual of Style
 * And finally, remember to be bold in updating pages!

I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  18:53, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything. :)

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. - jredmond 19:02, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Luigi iverson


text:
Luis Larrea Alba

Luis Alberto Larrea Alba (25 October 1894, Guayaquil, Ecuador – 17 April 1979, Córdoba, Argentina) was a military officer and acting President of Ecuador in from 24 August to 15 October 1931.

title: Luis Larrea Alba


text:
Alberto Guerrero Martínez

Alberto Guerrero Martínez (28 June 1878 – 21 May 1941) was acting President of Ecuador in 1932 for three months.

He was President of the Senate twice - from 1923 to 1924 and from August 1932 to December 1932.

title: Alberto Guerrero Martínez


text:
Juan de Dios Martínez

Juan de Dios Martínez Mera (9 March 1875 – 27 October 1955) was 23rd President of Ecuador from 1932 to 1933. He was President of the Chamber of Deputies in 1921. He was Minister of Finance from 1929 to 1930, and from 1931 to 1932.

In Quito, a main avenue is named after him.

He graduated with a bachelor's degree from San Vicente de el Guayas. He studied jurisprudence.

title: Juan de Dios Martínez


text:
Abelardo Montalvo

Abelardo Montalvo Alvear (March 13, 1876 – December 1, 1950) was the acting President of Ecuador from October 1933 to August 1934.

Education and political career
Montalvo obtained a Juris Doctor from the University of Quito. Montalvo was a member of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party for which he became a deputy and later senator for Pichincha Province. He also was a deputy to the 1906 Constituent Convention of Ecuador. He was President of the Chamber of Deputies from 1908 to 1911. Aside from his political functions Montalvo was a professor of law at the Central University of Ecuador and the Rector of the Colegio Nacional Mejía.

Presidency
Montalvo became president when his predecessor Juan de Dios Martínez Mera was elected President but faced a congress not willing to deal with him. The congress asked Martínez Mera twice to resign, but he refused. The congress then censored the ministers chosen by Martínez Mera, one of which was Abelardo Montalvo. Martínez proceeded to select some new ministers to outmaneuver the congress. The Chamber of Deputies then accused Martínez Mera of attempting to overthrow the government and institute a dictatorship. The Senate subsequently impeached Martínez and named his Minister of Interior, Abelardo Montalvo, acting president. Montalvo stayed on as acting president until José María Velasco Ibarra was elected.

title: Abelardo Montalvo


text:
Antonio Pons

Antonio Pons Campuzano (10 November 1897 – 12 January 1980) was in charge of the executive power of Ecuador from August to September 1935.

title: Antonio Pons


text:
The Harvard Advocate

The Harvard Advocate, the art and literary magazine of Harvard College, is the oldest continuously published college art and literary magazine in the United States. The magazine (published then in newspaper format) was founded by Charles S. Gage and William G. Peckham in 1866 and, except for a hiatus during the last years of World War II, has published continuously since then. In 1916, The New York Times published a commemoration of the Advocate's fiftieth anniversary. Fifty years after that, Donald Hall wrote in The New York Times Book Review: "In the world of the college—where every generation is born, grows old and dies in four years—it is rare for an institution to survive a decade, much less a century. Yet the Harvard Advocate, the venerable undergraduate literary magazine, celebrated its centennial this month." Its current offices are a two-story wood-frame house at 21 South Street, near Harvard Square and the university campus.

Today, the Harvard Advocate publishes quarterly. Its mission is to "publish the best art, fiction, poetry and prose the Harvard undergraduate community has to offer." It also accepts submissions from professional writers and artists beyond the Harvard community.

Founding and early years
When the Advocate was founded, it adopted the mottos Dulce est Periculum (Danger Is Sweet) and Veritas Nihil Veretur (Truth Fears Nothing), which had been used by an earlier Harvard newspaper, the Collegian. The magazine originally avoided controversial topics, lest university authorities shut it down; by the time the editors were making the then-radical demand for coeducation at Harvard, the magazine had attracted the support of James Russell Lowell and Oliver Wendell Holmes, and its life was less precarious.

The founding in 1873 of The Harvard Crimson newspaper (originally the Magenta) and in 1876 of the Harvard Lampoon humor magazine led the Advocate by the 1880s to devote itself to essays, fiction, and poetry.

Over the years, the undergraduate editors of and contributors to the Advocate have attained fame, literary and otherwise. Theodore Roosevelt edited the magazine in 1880. Edwin Arlington Robinson, Wallace Stevens, E. E. Cummings, and T. S. Eliot all published their undergraduate poetry in the Advocate. Before World War II, undergraduates who worked on the Advocate included Malcolm Cowley, James Agee, Robert Fitzgerald, Leonard Bernstein, James Laughlin (who got into trouble with local police for publishing a racy story by Henry Miller) and Norman Mailer.

After World War II
The Advocate suspended publication during World War II, and resumed publication with its April 1947 issue. Editors after the war included Daniel Ellsberg. The postwar Advocate published undergraduate and/or graduate work by Richard Wilbur, Robert Bly, John Ashbery, Donald Hall, Frank O'Hara, John Hawkes, Harold Brodkey, Kenneth Koch, and Jonathan Kozol, as well as illustrations by Edward Gorey. Contributors from outside Harvard during this time included Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams, and Archibald MacLeish.

Other contributors after World War II included Adrienne Rich (the first woman to publish regularly in the magazine), Howard Nemerov, Marianne Moore, Robert Lowell, Tom Wolfe, James Atlas, and Sallie Bingham.

Some recent alumni of note include novelists Louis Begley, Peter Gadol, Lev Grossman, Benjamin Kunkel, and Francine Prose, poets Carl Phillips and Frederick Seidel, biographer and critic Jean Strouse, journalists Elif Batuman and Timothy Noah, literary scholar Peter Brooks, editors Jonathan Galassi and Susan Morrison, businessmen Steve Ballmer and Thomas A. Stewart, filmmaker Terrence Malick, and writer and video game developer Austin Grossman.

First Flowering: The Best of the Harvard Advocate, 1866–1976, an anthology of selections from the magazine edited by Richard Smoley, was published by Addison-Wesley in 1977. In 1986, The Harvard Advocate Anniversary Anthology was published in conjunction with the 120th year of the magazine's publication and Harvard's 350th anniversary. The anthology reproduced actual pages and artwork published in the magazine, introducing each literary era with a brief historical overview.

21st century
The Advocate received a degree of national press attention after a controversial 2000 interview with writer Dave Eggers.

In 2016, the Advocate celebrated its sesquicentennial. The celebrations included the launching of a new website, a campaign to raise $150,000 for the magazine, and a party in New York City.

As of 2023, the Advocate publishes two print issues annually, and has increased its digital presence with increased engagement through social media and a renewed website, replacing the sesquicentennial website.

Academics and criticism

 * Svetlana Alpers, art historian, critic and professor at University of California at Berkeley
 * Elif Batuman, author, academic, critic
 * Amy Boesky, writer, professor of English at Boston College
 * Van Wyck Brooks, literary critic
 * John Mason Brown, drama critic, author
 * Richard Bulliet, professor of history at Columbia University
 * Stephanie Burt, literary critic, poet, professor at Harvard University
 * Charles Townsend Copeland, Harvard professor of English literature
 * Holland Cotter, art critic with The New York Times, winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism
 * Malcolm Cowley, poet, literary critic, editor at The New Republic
 * Jonathan Culler, literary critic, professor of English at Cornell University
 * Thomas F. Glick, professor of history at Boston University
 * Mark Greif, critic, co-founder of the literary journal n+1
 * Allen Grossman, poet, critic, professor of humanities at Johns Hopkins University
 * Lev Grossman, novelist, journalist, book critic for Time Magazine
 * Rachel Hadas, poet, professor of English at Rutgers University
 * Leslie Kirwan, government official, Harvard Dean for Finance and Administration
 * George Lyman Kittredge, literary critic, Harvard professor of English literature
 * Susan Manning, dance historian, professor of English and theatre at Northwestern University
 * James Matisoff, professor of linguistics, UC Berkeley
 * Margaret Mills, folklorist, professor of Near Eastern languages and cultures at Ohio State University
 * Christopher Minkowski, professor of Sanskrit at the University of Oxford
 * Stephen Minot, novelist
 * William Vaughn Moody, literary critic, Harvard English professor
 * Laurie L. Patton, author, poet, dean of Arts and Sciences and professor of religion at Duke University
 * Harriet Ritvo, historian, professor of history at Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 * Kenji Yoshino, professor of constitutional law at New York University
 * Arthur Waldron, professor of international relations at the University of Pennsylvania

Art, architecture, and engineering

 * Miles Coolidge, photographer, art educator
 * Ellen Harvey, visual artist
 * Antoinette LaFarge, artist, writer, and professor of art at the University of California, Irvine
 * Peter Soriano, artist and sculptor

Business and philanthropy

 * Steve Ballmer, businessman, former CEO of Microsoft
 * Jonathan Galassi, president and publisher of Farrar, Straus and Giroux
 * Thomas W. Lamont, financier and philanthropist
 * Michael Lynton, businessman, current CEO of Sony Pictures Entertainment
 * Jeffrey Rayport, consultant author, businessman
 * Andrew Wylie, literary agent, founder of The Wylie Agency

Editing and translation

 * Witter Bynner, poet, translator
 * John Keene, writer and translator
 * Maxwell Perkins, editor for Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald and Thomas Wolfe
 * Richard Sieburth, translator, essayist, editor, professor of French and comparative literature at New York University
 * Peter Theroux, translator

Fiction

 * Conrad Aiken, novelist and poet
 * Emily Barton, novelist, critic, professor of English at Smith College
 * William Bayer, novelist, screenwriter
 * Louis Begley, novelist
 * Caleb Crain, novelist and critic
 * Nicholas Delbanco, novelist, professor at Bennington College
 * Sean Desmond, writer of Adams Fall, the basis for the 2002 film Abandon
 * Nell Freudenberger, novelist, travel writer
 * Peter Gadol, novelist
 * Allegra Goodman, novelist
 * Chad Harbach, novelist, co-founder of literary journal n+1
 * Julie Hilden, novelist and lawyer
 * Ann Hodgman, author of children's books
 * Sara Houghteling, novelist and educator
 * Angela Hur, novelist
 * Benjamin Kunkel, novelist, co-founder of literary journal n+1
 * Oliver LaFarge, writer, anthropologist, Pulitzer prize winner
 * Norman Mailer, writer
 * Francine Prose, writer

Film, theater, television, and entertainment

 * Robert Anderson, playwright
 * William Bayer, novelist and screenwriter
 * Harry Brown, poet, novelist, Oscar-winning screenwriter
 * Chris Gerolmo, screenwriter, director
 * Austin Grossman, author and game designer
 * Maeve Kinkead, soap opera actress
 * Franklin Leonard, co-founder of The Black List survey
 * Karin Lewicki, screenwriter
 * Percy MacKaye, dramatist and poet
 * Terrence Malick, filmmaker
 * Julie Mallozzi, documentary filmmaker, producer
 * Lawrence Osgood, playwright and essayist
 * Justin Rice, musician and actor
 * Richard E. Robbins, documentarian
 * Adam Stein, film director, writer and editor
 * James Toback, filmmaker
 * Ali Sethi, singer, songwriter and writer

Journalism and non-fiction writing

 * Emily Benedek, journalist and author
 * Jacob Brackman, journalist, musical lyricist
 * Christopher Caldwell, journalist, senior editor at The Weekly Standard
 * Amy Davidson, senior editor at The New Yorker
 * Ben Downing, cultural historian
 * William Emerson, journalist, editor-in-chief at the Saturday Evening Post
 * Hermann Hagedorn, biographer
 * Mark Helprin, novelist, journalist, conservative commentator
 * Catherine Herridge, chief intelligence correspondent for the Fox News Channel
 * H.V. Kaltenborn, radio broadcaster at NBC and CBS
 * Perri Klass, pediatrician and writer
 * David Laskin, writer, travel journalist
 * Jonathan Larsen, former editor-in-chief at The Village Voice
 * Sarah Manguso, memoirist, novelist, and poet
 * Liz Marlantes, ABC News Correspondent
 * Lance Morrow, essayist and writer at Time Magazine
 * Timothy Noah, journalist and author, past senior editor of The New Republic
 * Katha Pollitt, feminist poet, essayist and critic
 * John Reed, journalist, poet, social activist
 * Tom Reiss, author, historian, journalist, winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography
 * Charlie Savage, newspaper reporter with The New York Times, recipient of the 2007 Pulitzer Prize
 * Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., historian, writer
 * Neil Sheehan, journalist, received the Pentagon Papers from Daniel Ellsberg
 * Richard Smoley, writer on esotericism
 * Thomas A. Stewart, journalist, editor, director of National Center for the Middle Market at the Fisher College of Business at Ohio State University
 * Jean Strouse, biographer
 * Melanie Thernstrom, author, contributing writer at The New York Times Magazine

Law and politics

 * Daniel Baer, United States Ambassador for the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
 * Thomas C. Foley, American diplomat, businessman
 * Learned Hand, judicial philosopher, judge in the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
 * Todd M. Hughes, United States Circuit Judge
 * Peter Jaszi, author, expert on copyright law
 * Peter Junger, internet activist
 * Grover Norquist, conservative political advocate
 * Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States
 * Barbara Underwood, New York Solicitor General
 * Charles Proctor Sifton, United States federal judge
 * Kenji Yoshino, Chief Justice Earl Warren Professor of Constitutional Law at New York University

Poetry

 * Judith Baumel, poet
 * April Bernard, poet
 * e.e. cummings, poet
 * T.S. Eliot, poet
 * Arthur Davison Ficke, poet
 * Sidney Goldfarb, poet
 * Alice Goodman, poet and librettist
 * Donald Hall, poet, editor, 14th United States poet laureate
 * Matthea Harvey, poet
 * Robert Hillyer, poet, Harvard English professor
 * Wayne Koestenbaum, poet, cultural critic, professor of English at the City University of New York
 * Joyelle McSweeney, poet, critic, professor at University of Notre Dame
 * Elise Paschen, editor, poet, co-founder of Poetry in Motion
 * Carl Phillips, writer, poet, professor of English and Afro-American studies at Washington University in St. Louis
 * Adrienne Rich, poet
 * Edwin Arlington Robinson, poet, three time Pulitzer prize winner
 * Mary Jo Salter, poet, professor in Writing Seminars at Johns Hopkins University, co-editor of The Norton Anthology of Poetry
 * Frederick Seidel, poet
 * Wallace Stevens, poet
 * John Hall Wheelock, poet, editor at Scribners
 * John Brooks Wheelwright, poet
 * Stephanie Burt, poet, Harvard English Professor

Science, technology, medicine, and mathematics

 * Jordan Ellenberg, mathematician, professor at University of Wisconsin–Madison
 * Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, anthropologist and primatologist
 * Edward Hallowell, psychiatrist and author
 * Wendell Lim, professor of cellular and molecular pharmacology at University of California, San Francisco
 * Seth Lloyd, professor of mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 * James Propp, professor of mathematics at University of Massachusetts Lowell

Past presidents
1868: M Williams

1869: M.S. Severance

1870: R. Wolcott

1871: W.S. Bigelow

1872: P.C. Severance

1873: J. Lyman

1874: W.R. Tyler

1875: C.F. Canfield

1876: A.A. Wheeler

1877: George Edward Woodberry

1878: L. Hancock, E.W. Morse

1879: E. Hale

1880: Albert Bushnell Hart, H. Townsend

1881: C. Sprague

1883: C.H. Grandgent

1884: C.R. Clapp

1885: G.R. Nutter

1886: T.T. Baldwin

1887: Winthrop Wetherbee

1888: L. McK Garrison

1889: J.H. Sears

1890: G.P. Wardner

1891: S.C. Brackett

1892: John Corbin

1893: Learned Hand

1894: C.W. Slope

1895: C. M. Flandrau, J Mack Jr.

1896: J.A. Gade

1897: C.H. Hovey

1898: R. Putter

1899: John A. Macy

1900: William R. Castle, Jr.

1901: Wallace Stevens

1902: J.C. Grew

1903: Richard Washburn Child

1904: A.D. Fickle

1905: Arthur W. Page

1906: R.W. Beach

1907: J.L. Price

1908: Edward B. Sheldon

1909: A Whitman, F. Schenck

1910: W.G. Tinckom-Fernandez

1911: C.P. Aiken

1912: G.W. Gray

1913: Philip James Roosevelt

1914: P.W. Thayer

1915: H. Jackson Jr.

1916: H. Amory

1917: J.D. Parson

1918: Robert Nathan Cram, William Allis Norris, E. Whittlesey

1919: Charles MacVeagh Jr., Lloyd Kirkham Garrison, J.R. Parsons

1920: J.G. King Jr.

1921: Steddard Benham Colby

1922: W. Whitman

1923: M.A. Best

1924: Oliver LaFarge

1925: John Finley Jr.

1926: Walter Dumaux Edmonds Jr.

1927: Kendall Foss

1928: C.C. Abbott

1929: Robeson Bailey

1930: T. Hall Jr.

1931: Wilson Mumford Wing

1932: James Rufus Agee

1933: Robert Hatch

1934: C.L. Sulzberger

1935: Hugh M. Wade

1936: J.J. Slocum, Julian S. Bach

1937: F. Corning Kenly Jr.

1938: Alvah W. Sulloway

1939: Samuel N. Hinckly

1940: Thornton Frederick Bradshaw

1941: Westmore Wileox III

1944: Kingsley Ervin Jr.

1947: Donald B. Watt Jr.

1948: A.G. Haas

1949: Lloyd Staube Gilmour Jr.

1950: Donald Andrew Hall Jr., Daniel Ellsberg

1951: Harvey Slom Ginsberg

1952: George A. Kelly

1953: Samuel D. Stewart

1954: Allen Grossman

1955: Eugene S. Dodd

1956: John Ratte

1957: A. Whitney Ellsworth

1958: Peter P. Brooks

1959: E.J. Bresson

1960: E. deBresson

1961: B.A. Melnick

1962: J. Urrutia

1963: Terence Cogley

1964: Gerald P. Hillman

1965: Stuart A. Davis

1966: Stuart A. Davis

1967: Peter Shaw

1968: Thomas A. Stewart

1969: James R. Atlas

1970: Jonathan Galassi

1971: Chris Ma

1972: Gregory Moore

1973: R. Paul

1974: M. Leib

1975: Paul K. Rowe

1976: Douglas A. McIntyre

1977: John McCullough

1978: Richard V. Nalley

1979: Sarah V. Chace

1980: C. Gerard

1981: Sandra DeJong

1982: L. Murphy

1983: D. Longobardi

1984: S. Harney

1985: Peter D. Gadol

1986: Vivian S.M. Wang

1988: W. Caleb Crain

1989: M. Charters

1990: Rebecca Zorach

1991: Elizabeth Elsas

1992: Peter Nohrnberg

1993: Kelli Rae Patton

1994: Alp Aker

1995: Priya Aiyar

1996: C. You

1997: Daley C. Haggar

1998: Etienne Benson

1999: Saadi Soudavar

2000: Caroline Whitbeck

2001: Brooke Lampley

2002: Cody Carvel

2003: Walt Hunter

2004: Andrews Little

2005: Steven R. Williams

2006: Casey N. Cep

2007: Gregory R. Scruggs

2008: Alexandra Hays

2009: Sanders I. Bernstein

2010: Dana Kase

2011: Emily Chertoff

2012: Alexander J.B. Wells

2013: Tyler Richard

2014: Julian Lucas

2015: Kiara Barrow

2016: Henry Shah

2017: Lily Scherlis

2018: Natasha Lasky

2019: Sabrina Helen Li

2020: Owen Torrey

2021: Madi Howard

2022: Albert B. Zhang

2023: Annika Inampudi

2024: Maren E. Wong

title: The Harvard Advocate


text:
Federico Páez

Federico Páez Chiriboga (4 June 1877 – 9 February 1974)  was the President of Ecuador from 1935 to 1937, and engineer.

Early life
He was born on June 4, 1877, in Quito. His parents were Ángel Adolfo Páez and Rita Lemus Chávez. After his parents’ divorce, he changed his second surname to that of his maternal great-grandfather. Páez studied at the Lycée Hoche in Paris and pursued engineering at the Universities of Ghent and Brussels in Belgium. He married Adelaida Espinosa García, and they had a daughter named Rita Páez Espinosa.

Career
His political career was marked by both progressive and authoritarian policies. Páez served as a senator and later as Minister of Public Works under José María Velasco Ibarra. He sympathized with socialism and was affiliated with the Ecuadorian Socialist Party. During his time in power, he implemented both socialist and liberal policies, drawing inspiration from fascist governments in Italy and Germany. His presidency included periods of repression and ideological shifts. His legacy remains complex, reflecting the challenges of balancing socialism and liberalism in Ecuadorian politics.

title: Federico Páez


text:
Alberto Enríquez Gallo

Gil Alberto Enríquez Gallo (24 July 1894 – 13 July 1962) was President of Ecuador 1937–1938.

Enriquez was appointed as a general in the Ecuadorian army by Federico Páez, and served as Minister of Defense in his government. In September 1937, he overthrew Páez in a military coup. Although he ruled for less than a year, Enríquez achieved note as a social reformer by his promulgation of the Labor Code of 1938.

Enríquez is also remembered for having initiated a protracted confrontation with the United States-based South American Development Company over the terms of its Ecuadorian concession and the wages it paid its Ecuadorian employees. The company refused to comply with Enríquez's entreaty that more of the profits from its mining operations stay in Ecuador, and it won the support of the United States Department of State. His grandson emigrated to the United States. Enríquez's legacy lives on through his great grandson, Nick Miljus, who graduated from the United States Naval Academy in May 2019 as a Surface Warfare Officer.

title: Alberto Enríquez Gallo


text:
Manuel María Borrero

Manuel María Borrero González (10 May 1883 – 7 June 1975) was President of Ecuador in 1938.

title: Manuel María Borrero


text:
Aurelio Mosquera

Don Aurelio Mosquera Narváez (2 August 1883 – 17 November 1939) was an Ecuadorian politician who served as President of Ecuador from December 1938 to November 1939.

Mosquera was born in Quito. He studied medicine in Quito, then traveled to Paris to continue his education. Upon his return, he achieved great success as a professor, dean, and rector of the Central University of Ecuador. He was elected head of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party. He was also vice president of the Chamber of Deputies and of the Senate. In 1938, after the dismissal of Manuel María Borrero, he was named President of Ecuador. During his short time as president, with the support of the army, he dissolved the National Assembly and reestablished the Constitution of 1906, known for its secularity. His term as president ended when he died on 17 November 1939 in Quito.

Mosquera was supported by socialists and liberals. He closed the Central University and the Juan Montalvo school. He created organizations to support artisans and small business owners.

title: Aurelio Mosquera


text:
Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río

Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río (27 November 1893 – 31 October 1969) was President of Ecuador from 1940 to 1944. He was a member of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party. During his term, the country lost the 1941 Ecuadorian–Peruvian War.

Arroyo was President of the Chamber of Deputies from 1922 to 1923, and President of the Senate in 1935 and from February 1939 to August 1940.

title: Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río


text:
Andrés Córdova

Andrés Fernández de Córdova Nieto (8 May 1892 – 3 October 1983) was President of Ecuador from December 1939 to August 1940. He was Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies from February 1939 to August 1940.

He later ran in the presidential election of 1968, losing to José Maria Velasco Ibarra.

title: Andrés Córdova


text: User talk:129.2.19.50

title: User talk:129.2.19.50


text:
Carlos Mancheno Cajas

Carlos Mancheno Cajas (9 October 1902 – 11 October 1996) was President of Ecuador from 23 August 1947 to 2 September 1947. Mancheno assumed control after a coup d'état he led deposed President José María Velasco. Velasco left the country, returning later both to Ecuador and to the presidency. Mancheno himself was removed only ten days after taking control, and Velasco's vice-president, Mariano Suárez, assumed the presidency.

title: Carlos Mancheno Cajas


text:
User talk:Mr.Careless

Welcome!
Hello, Mr.Careless, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for your contributions; I hope you like it here and decide to stay. We're glad to have you in our community! Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * If you haven't already, drop by the new user log and tell others a bit about yourself.
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I hope you enjoy editing and being a Wikipedian. Although we all make mistakes, please keep in mind what Wikipedia is not. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to see the help pages or add a question to the village pump. The Community Portal can also be very useful.

Happy editing!

-- Sango  123  18:54, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

P.S. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you need help with anything. :)

Vandalism
Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. K1Bond007 19:05, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mr.Careless


text:
Mariano Suárez

Mariano Suárez Veintimilla (8 June 1897 – 23 October 1980) was an Ecuadorian politician.

He was Minister of Finance from 1944 to 1945. He served as Velasco's Vice President from 1946 until he was ousted in 1947 by Carlos Mancheno Cajas. Soon Mancheno was ousted and Suárez served briefly as President of Ecuador from 2 September 1947 to 16 September 1947.

title: Mariano Suárez


text:
Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola

Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola (12 April 1888 in Guayaquil – 20 February 1952) was President of Ecuador 16 September 1947 to 1 September 1948. He was also the father of future president Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy.

Early life
Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola was born in Guayaquil on 12 April 1888. He was founder of the Discount Bank in Guayaquil in 1920, being its Manager until 20 February 1952. Principal Director of the Board of Charities of Guayaquil, President of LEA, Executive Director of the Guayas Road Committee.

Presidency
He assumed power during a political crisis, after the overthrowal of José María Velasco Ibarra by Carlos Mancheno Cajas, who did not exercise power for a long time due to pressure from the Military High Command, who favored the constitutional order, giving power to Mariano Suárez Veintimilla, who was the Vice President of Velasco Ibarra, and immediately convened an Extraordinary Congress to elect the new president and vice president, resulting in Arosemena being constitutionally elected as vice president, but immediately assuming as Constitutional President, according to what the Constitution of the time ruled, as Mariano Suárez presented his resignation immediately after Arosemena's inauguration as Vice President. José Rafael Bustamante was elected the same day as Vice President.

The president and vice president complemented each other: good judgment and balance were the strong of Arosemena Tola, convictions of freedom and natural talent were the strong of Bustamante. Both imposed the task of fostering openness in the international relations, adapting the economy to the post-war world situation and combating political cannibalism. The Government of Arosemena Tola was consistent with its bourgeois origin, with the cosmopolitan spirit of the upper class in Guayaquil and with the growing influence of the United States, the great Western winner in the Second War: Arosemena broke relations with the Soviet Union, signed the Charter of the Organization of American States and inaugurated the First Grand Colombian Economic Conference, whose final document, the Charter of Quito, was the antecedent of what would be called the Andean Pact.

Arosemena Tola promulgated on 13 March 1948 the Monetary Regime Law, a substitute for the Organic Law of the Central Bank. The new law put the Central Bank under the direction of the Monetary Board that should design the monetary, credit and exchange policy. He arranged for national production to support the currency and that gold reserves serve to determine the international parity of the sucre. This law, advised by the Triffin Mission of the International Monetary Fund, responded to the conditions of the post-war economy.

The task of combating cannibalism was put to the test in the presidential campaign that the Government prepared carefully. The Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE), autonomous with respect to the Ministry of Government, could already operate. The TSE worked well.

Personal life
On 30 December 1915 he married Laura Monroy Garaycoa, 1 a young woman ten years younger than him and who was a great-granddaughter of the independence hero Lorenzo de Garaycoa. 2 The couple have a long progeny, with seven children namely: 2 3

 * María Laura Arosemena Monroy. Married to Carlos Gangotena and Fernández Salvador, with offspring.
 * Leticia Arosemena Monroy. Married to Guillermo José Arosemena Coronel, with offspring.
 * María de Jesús Arosemena Monroy.
 * Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy . Married to Gladys Peet Landin, with offspring.
 * Eduardo Arosemena Monroy. Married to Genoveva Gómez Lince, with offspring.
 * Gustavo Arosemena Monroy.
 * Beatriz Graciela Arosemena Monroy. Married to Juan José Orrantia González, with offspring.

His son Carlos Julio also became president of the Republic. While one of his nephews, Otto Arosemena Gómez, held the same position years later he married.

title: Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola