text: User talk:12.10.219.36

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title: User talk:12.10.219.36


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Rhode Island Route 114

Route 114 is a 45.7 mi numbered state highway in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It connects the city of Newport to the city of Woonsocket. Route 114 was a major north–south artery for its entire length until the arrival of the Interstate Highway System. It is still a major commercial corridor on Aquidneck Island and in northern Rhode Island (mainly Central Falls, Cumberland, and Woonsocket).

Route description
Route 114 begins at the Newport city line in the town of Middletown, at an intersection with Route 138 and Broadway. The resultant route 138 continues west into Newport as Admiral Kalbfus Way. Route 114 heads north on West Main Road in Middletown and Portsmouth. In Portsmouth the right lane becomes Route 24 as the left lane curves maintaining Route 114 in Portsmouth, Route 114 turns onto Bristol Ferry Road then crosses Mount Hope Bay into the town of Bristol along the Mount Hope Bridge. In Bristol, it continues north along Ferry Road then shifts to Hope Street. The route then enters the town of Warren, along Main Street through the town center, where it meets and conjoins Route 103. The concurrent route crosses the Palmer and Barrington rivers into the town of Barrington. Routes 114 and 103 continue together along County Road, with Route 114 soon splitting to the north using the Wampanoag Trail. Route 114 eventually reaches the city of East Providence, where the road curves west to meet Route 103 again at Pawtucket Avenue. Along the way, the East Shore Expressway begins at the Wampanoag Trail to connect to I-195. Pawtucket Avenue continues north through downtown East Providence, crossing over I-195, where it is joined by US 1A.

Routes 1A and 114 continue through the northern part of East Providence towards the city of Pawtucket, with US 1A later splitting off to the north as Route 114 heads northwest into the city of Pawtucket. In Pawtucket, Route 114 splits into a one-way couplet with the northbound direction using Prospect Street and the southbound direction using School Street. After running through several Pawtucket city streets, including an interchange with I-95, Route 114 crosses the Blackstone River and continues north along Broad Street into the city of Central Falls. After crossing the Blackstone River into the town of Cumberland, Route 114 shifts one block east to High Street as it heads towards the village of Valley Falls. The road continues north as Diamond Hill Road towards the rural areas of Cumberland, intersecting I-295 along the way. At the intersection with Route 121, Route 114 turns west along Pine Swamp Road towards the city of Woonsocket. In Woonsocket, Route 114 continues west as Diamond Hill Road, Privilege Street, and Winter Street, ending at Route 122.

History
Two sections of modern Route 114 were previously laid out as turnpikes in the early 19th century. In 1805, a charter was granted to the Rhode Island Turnpike corporation, which constructed a road from Portsmouth center to the Bristol Ferry at the north end of Aquidneck Island. The road is now Bristol Ferry Road (Route 114) and Turnpike Avenue. In 1813, the road from northern Pawtucket to the village of Valley Falls in Cumberland was also laid out as a turnpike, known as the Valley Falls Turnpike. The old road is what is now Broad Street in Pawtucket, Central Falls, and Cumberland.

Route 114 was an original Rhode Island route designated in 1923, running from Newport to Grants Mills in Cumberland. Until the 1960s, Route 114 ended at the intersection of Pine Swamp Road and Diamond Hill Road in Cumberland. Present-day Route 114 from that point west to Route 122 in Woonsocket, Rhode Island was given the Route 142 and later the Route 11 designation. When Route 11 became Route 121 in the 1960s, Route 121's terminus was cut back to the same intersection where Route 114 originally ended, and the route west to Woonsocket became Route 114.

In 2000, part of Route 114 northbound south of downtown Pawtucket was re-routed. The old alignment left Prospect Street at Pond Street, went east along Pond Street to Summit Street, north on Summit Street (this turn onto Summit is still signed as of July 2005) and re-joined Route 114 southbound at the corner of Summit Street and Division Street.

East Shore Expressway
The East Shore Expressway is a 1.8 mi spur of Route 114 in East Providence. It provides quick access between Route 114 south and I-195 west. The expressway, as it exists today, was completed on December 15, 1959, after two years of construction. Originally, the expressway was to have extended further south towards the Mount Hope Bridge over Mount Hope Bay, but those plans were cancelled sometime after 1959.

title: Rhode Island Route 114


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Doxy

Doxy may refer to

 * An archaic English term for prostitute
 * Doxy (song), a jazz standard by Sonny Rollins
 * Doxy, a magical creature in the fictional Harry Potter universe
 * Doxycycline, an antibiotic drug
 * Doxylamine, an antihistamine drug
 * An abbreviation for Doxygen, a software package
 * Doxy (vibrator), a British-made wand vibrator

title: Doxy


text:
User talk:Anders Kaseorg

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Anders Kaseorg


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Talk:Pot odds

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 27 August 2021 and 19 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Editor794. Peer reviewers: J47211, Happyboi2489, Pinkfrog22.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 07:03, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Article rewrite
I rewrote the article (again). I consolidated implied odds and effective implied odds since they are both the same basic thing and Sklanky's convention isn't universal (see Harrington on Hold'em). I tried to improve the examples and make the article read easier from top to bottom. The only potentially controversial statement I made is that the precise calculation of implied pot odds isn't well documented for hands that are not certain winners or certain losers depending on cathing an out or not. I'm pretty well read, but I haven't read everything. If anyone has knows of a verifiable reference that discusses it, please contribute!--Toms2866 00:03, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Another bold rewrite. I found an example of implied pot odds for probable winners in NLHE by Sklansky & Miller p.163. Article probably should be better referenced (e.g., references for each assertion), but I don't have time right now. --Toms2866 02:49, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Removed this Note in the intro -
 * Note: Pot odds are not a measure of probability, but a simple win-to-cost ratio to simplify expected value calculations in poker. Thusly, 10:1 pot odds are said to be lower than 20:1 pot odds, whereas a 10:1 probability is said to be higher than a 20:1 probability.

while it's valid information, having it so early on in the article is confusing.

i also added the "Converting Pot Odds to Percentage Values" because later, in one of the examples, that knowledge is taken for granted.

the article might benefit from some drawing odds/pot odds examples since that's the #1 use for pot odds for beginners. possible resource: http://www.turningriver.com/texas-holdem-drawing-odds.html (the bottom chart)

i changed the wording in the example about manipulating pot odds because it seemed peculiar to have a section heading about manipulating odds, then state that the optimal bet would be one that eliminates the difference that manipulating the pot odds makes.

the example in the bluffing section of the article could use some elaboration. added a link to the pot odds and bluffing page. Tgbob 02:25, 22 May 2007 (UTC)Tgbob

Old discussion
We should have something about implied odds... Evercat 19:18, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

Yep, I agree, but ... a seperate article.... ? I will try to add somethig.. -Abscissa 11:40, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I added a weak discussion of implied odds (and also manipulating pot odds). I figure a weak something is better than nothing. Additional rigor illustrating the mathematics of how to compute (and not compute) pot odds/implied pot odds and how they are used in game situations would benefit the article. --Toms2866 14:46, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

We should add something about reverse implied odds, where your odds may appear worse than they seem.--Toms2866 13:42, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I added effective implied odds (more than one card to come) and reverse implied odds, per Sklansky definitions of those terms.--Toms2866 13:03, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

Reverse pot odds
The explanation is bizarre. Summarising: What?? Anyone have a proper source for this? Stevage 07:58, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Alice thinks that if her opponent bets on the river, she must be beaten.
 * Alice intends to call on the river. (she's factored two $10 calls into her betting strategies)

 * I see no problem with either the explanation or the example. Your paraphrase is a bit odd: Alice doesn't not expect to to beaten if here opponent bets the river--she only recognizes that it's more likely.  She calls because it's still quite possible that a river bet will be a bluff or a weak hand, but she has to factor into her pot odds calculation the fact that it's more likely that a bluffer will give up; thus, she needs a higher probability of winning than straight pot odds would imply.  This is covered in many of the standard books.  --LDC 16:06, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

?
"With two cards to come, the approximate percentage probability is: (number of outs) x 4 - 1."<-- Did you mean that post flop with the turn and river coming up your odds of hitting after both have occurred is approximately what you said above? You might want to point that out.

Probability calculation
Its pretty strange to express the "win-to-loss" ratio as it is in the beginning of the page. For one, i've never seen anyone express their odds as 1 to anything, its always along the lines of "I'm getting 5 to 1 odds on my money". Second, using the given formula with odds expressed that way, it gives you a lower percentage with higher odds. Ex: 5 to 1 = 1 / (5+1) = ~16% ; 7 to 1 = 1 / (7+1) = 12.5%. It just seems very strange and out of the ordinary to me. Static3d 19:32, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Is this right?
The opening paragraph of this article is defining 'Return', rather than 'Pot Odds'. 'Pot Odds' are a consideration of the combination of 'Return' and the odds of improving a hand; Not just getting $100 back from a $10 bet. This is a common misconception, and I hear it often as a professional dealer, most commonly pre-flop. Rather than my drawing out a long explanation here, I refer to the URL at the bottom of the definition's page: How to Calculate Pot Odds This is an accurate, albeit brief, example. BarryD9545 (talk) 12:06, 18 September 2008 (UTC) The discussion at the introduction of the article seems to be mostly about probabilities of winning, not pot odds. Unless I'm mistaken, "pot odds" refer simply to the ratio of the pot compared to a given call or bet. Pot $50, call $10 = pot odds of 5 to 1. Expected value compares pot odds with actual probability: Pot odds greater than actual probability is positive expected value. Would it be possible to make this intro much more focused on just pot odds, and leave any discussion of probability to a later paragraph? Stevage 03:33, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * You're right, the first few paragraphs here are terrible, and don't really describe pot odds at all. I'll work on a rewrite today. --LDC 05:54, 2 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I rewrote the first part, but I don't have time right now to fix the latter parts--I'll get to them after I get back from work. --LDC
 * Reads much better now. Thanks!--Toms2866 14:42, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

Opening paragraph odds
Please stop "fixing" the math in the first paragraph that's already accurate. 1000-to-1 pot odds means that one must win the pot once every 1001 times to break even; once in a 1000 will be profitable, because one will win $1000 once and lose $1 999 times, giving an average profit of a tenth of a cent. Remember that "1000 to 1 odds" means the same as "1 in 1001", not "1 in 1000". --LDC 15:51, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

 * LDC is right. Player is contemplating a $1 call to win a $1000 pot. If probability of win = 1/1000, player puts in $1 1000 times, loses 999 times and wins $1001 once ($1000 pot plus his $1 call), profiting $1.--Toms2866 23:55, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

 * You're right, LDC. I knew I shouldn't have gotten that lobotomy. Sorry!Ronald King 02:56, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Sure, the "math" is correct, it's the definition that is absolutely wrong! The absolutely  correct  definition of Pot Odds are as described in this link that is used at the bottom of the definition's page:

"How to calculate Pot Odds"
 * As shown in this link as well as the other links on the page, Pot Odds are neither the amount of a bet into a pot, nor the number of times a called pot is needs to be won; The first is the typically incorrect understanding held by neophyte poker players, the second is an oversimplified version of a basic premise of Pot Odds, probably derived from improper understanding of these pages referenced at the bottom of the article:

"Pot Odds & Implied Odds" "Using Pot Odds & Calling Bluff"
 * I'd suggest reading those articles in full, as well the others listed:

"Intermediate & Advanced Pot Odds Calculations" "Pot Odds vs Pot Equity"
 * The often misconstrued definition of "Pot Odds" should be corrected. All the more so because the correct definitions are linked within the very pages of the definition itself.
 * I'm surprised to an extreme this hasn't been corrected out before now.
 * BarryD9545 (talk) 10:48, 26 October 2008 (UTC)
 * BarryD9545 (talk) 10:48, 26 October 2008 (UTC)

The definition in the article is correct, and much of the information you've linked to here is misleading or just plain wrong. Most of your links, for example, talk about how to calculate odds of making a draw. That's useful, and is something that is often compared to pot odds to make a decision, but is totally irrelevant to the concept of pot odds itself, which is nothing but a simple ratio of pot size to the size of a contemplated bet. How one uses pot odds is a considerably more complex topic, and the various articles you link to offer more or less reasonable advice on the topic, but they aren't very good at explaining the basic concepts correctly. --LDC (talk) 15:44, 26 October 2008 (UTC)

 * LDC-
 * So, your understanding of Pot Odds is correct over the five links to the web on the definitions very page? All of those web pages - as well many, many others - are "misleading", but YOU are correct?
 * Sorry, but it is actually your interpretation of all those pages that is "just plain wrong". Pots Odds is a level up from bet-to-pot-size ratio (Return), not the other way around.
 * What I'm saying is that Pot odds includes the odds on making a draw, and that is compared with the Return on the "investment" of a single bet (the bet-to-pot-size ratio) to determine if a bet is worth making. But it is not the single factor of Return.

 * Most commonly seen at a Hold'Em table in Pre-Flop situations, your incorrect usage would be:

Everyone else bet $10, so my $10 will get me $100 if I win with my 2-7 offsuit! I have to call, I have 10:1 pot odds!!!
 * This is often called "Playing the Pot" and while a player is typically thrilled with the short term profit, this misinterpretation of Pot Odds leads players into losing chips over time at a table.

 * Correctly thought out:

I have an Ace-King flush draw after the turn (approximately 5:1 chance of improving), so         if I make a $5 call into a $35 pot (8:1 Return) I'm getting the right Pot Odds to make this call.
 * Or, Conversely:

I have an Ace-King flush draw after the turn (approximately 5:1 chance of improving), so         if I make a $35 call into a $35 pot (2:1 Re-          turn) I'm  NOT  getting the right Pot Odds to          make this call.

 * It's the value of the Return being greater than the odds on improving your hand that makes the right Pot Odds. (Yes, the bet being contemplated is included in the calculation of pot size.)

 * The examples that you and Tom22866 cite (1 win in 1001 hands) are one of the long term uses of betting patterns that give Estimated Value (EV), and Pot Odds are indeed a portion of understanding EV, just as the Return (bet-to-pot-size ratio) is part of understanding Pot Odds. EV is a step up from Pot Odds, which is a step up from Return.

 * I'd suggest you do more research around the web, as well as in actual texts, accept the information given in all those locations as correct and adjust your understanding; Then, perhaps, you can aid in providing the correct definition herein ... if your arrogance doesn't interfere with accuracy.
 * BarryD9545 (talk) 11:45, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

You seem to be arguing a definition of "right" pot odds, and I might not disagree with that. But this article is about "pot odds", which is a simple term of art meaning nothing more than the ratio itself. I'd suggest you research something more reliable than the web, such as well-respected books by real experts like Sklansky, Caro, and others; they use the term exactly as it is defined here, even while they also talk about the kinds of topics you're talking about. Your interpretation of "right" pot odds (being a combination of pot odds plus odds of winning) is indeed a common shorthand expression, but it is not a good way of explaining the concept itself. You first "bad" example above is actually correct--the 7-2 player is getting 10:1 pot odds for his call; he just doesn't realize that his chances of winning are less than the 9.1% he would need to make the call profitable (ignoring the implied odds, playability, and position arguments which further complicate things). --LDC (talk) 15:36, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

 * My use of the term "right" in conjunction with Pot Odds is a fade from our actual discussion; It is just another way of saying that a player has Pot Odds or does not have Pot Odds.
 * Since you mentioned Sklansky first on your list, here is a excerpt from a posted review of Sklansky's book "Theory of Poker":

 * "The basic example [Sklansy] uses of a coin-flip makes it easy to conceptualize Expectation - in the long run, a coin-flip is a 50-50 proposition, so an even-money bet has an expectation of zero. You will neither win nor lose money in the long run. But, if you are able to get favorable odds by finding someone willing to give you $2 for every flip you win against $1 for every flip you lose, you know have a positive expectation. In the long run, you will win money."

 * "Applying this to poker, any time you get favorable odds on a bet, you are compelled to make the bet. Going back to our post about Pot Odds, you will see this concept in practice: If you’re offered the opportunity to make 4x your bet, and your odds of winning the hand are 3:1, you take the bet because mathematically, you expect to win money in the long run.1"
 * How much more simply can it be stated that Pot odds are the combination of Return and improving a draw??

 * Now, I know it'll be tempting for you to twist this block of text and claim that the author is referring to EV rather than Pot Odds, but in reality the point being made is that Pot Odds leads into EV; Pot Odds refer to the hand at hand (excuse the pun), and EV is a long term prospect. The author is also saying that understanding EV requires an understanding of Pot Odds.  As I stated previously: "...Pot Odds are indeed a portion of understanding EV, just as the Return (bet-to-pot-size ratio) is part of understanding Pot Odds."

 * The reviewer of Sklansky's book understood the concept as Sklansky laid it out, and and truly drives our discussion home in his final two sentences on the subject:
 * "Thankfully, the majority of poker players don’t understand this concept, and of those that do, many have trouble applying it. This is one of the ways winners are separated from losers.1"

 * I agree with you, such other factors as Implied Odds (Profit on future betting round/hands), Position (often referred too as position, Position, POSITION), and playability (e.g. Is risking my tournament life worth it on a really good draw?), not to mention the simple reads you may get off a player and his bets, make things all the more complicated.

 * Basically, though, I'm glad there are plenty of players out there with your misunderstanding, as it amuses me when I deal and pays when I play.
 * If Wikipedia has people running the definitions that also misunderstand them, then I suppose when folks look it up (without reading this discussion) my cause for amusement and profit will be thusly furthered!
 * In other words, my input on the matter is complete. :D.
 * Aces Up!
 * BarryD9545 (talk) 05:04, 29 October 2008 (UTC)

We're talking past each other here. I'm only talking here about the first-paragraph definition of the term "pot odds" here, and Sklansky's definition agrees completely with that. The quote you provide says exactly that--he refers to his earlier definition of the term to make his present point about profitability. It would certainly not be out of place to include in the definition a mention that the term is often used that way, and I'll add that. And I'll ignore your childish insults; that's not the way to accomplish things around here, especially when it's clear that you can't understand your own examples. --LDC (talk) 16:18, 30 October 2008 (UTC)

The thing I find most surprising about this exchange is that BarryD9545 seems to imply that LDC doesn't understand the follow-on concept that takes into account the probability of improving the hand. Isn't it obvious to anyone who's not seething that BarryD9545 is calling the "compare your call amount to the pot amount" number "Return", LDC is calling it "pot odds", and they BOTH know that in order to determine whether or not to bet, there is then the extra step of comparing that number to the odds of improving the hand? LDC never said there was no such follow-up step...it's just a disagreement on terms. BarryD9545 is clearly correct that many players never get past the first calculation (if that far), and that is always pleasant when it happens at your table, but I think LDC is also correct that Slansky et al refer to BarryD9545's "Return" as "Pot Odds" in preparation for then comparing to the odds of improving the hand as a SECOND calculation. Cbarlow3 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 18:45, 2 March 2009 (UTC).

Implied pot odds
I think the second example has some problems:
 * Implied pot = $20 + $50 = $70, not $50.
 * Alice can lose no more than her opponent on the final betting round, so she can lose no more than $50, not $100.
 * Alice needs to plan what she will do in the last betting round if she does not make her flush. Presumably, she will fold, so her loss on the last betting round will be $0, not $100 (or $50), in that case. Her gain will also be $0 in that case.
 * Alice's probability of losing when she makes her flush depends on whether her opponent is drawing to a flush. It should be less when her opponent is not drawing to a flush. I assume that she has estimated that it is 20% when her opponent is drawing to a flush and 0%, not 20%, when her opponent is not drawing to a flush. If this assumption is incorrect, then the example needs to be clarified.
 * Alice also needs to estimate her probability of losing when she does not make her flush. Presumably, she has estimated that it is 100%, regardless of whether her opponent makes her flush. This would explain why she plans to fold if she does not make her flush.
 * When computing EV, the call amount should be added to the implied pot before multiplying by the probability of winning, so in the EV calculation, the correct amount to use is $70 + $5 = $75.
 * EV cannot be computed without Alice estimating the probability that her opponent is drawing to a flush. Since Alice seems to be worried that her opponent is drawing to a flush, she might estimate this to be greater than 50%, say 60%.
 * EV should be computed as the probability-weighted sum of the amounts she will win from all possible outcomes. There are 8 possible outcomes, based first on whether her opponent will draw to a flush or not, then on whether Alice will make her flush or not, and last on whether Alice will win or not. The number of non-zero terms in this sum can be reduced to 4 by noting that the amount Alice will win or lose if she does not make her flush is $0, because she will fold in that case.
 * So given all of the above, EV = (60% * 15% * 80% * $75) - (60% * 15% * 20% * $50) + (40% * 19% * 100% * $75) - (40% * 19% * 0% * $50) = $5.40 - $0.90 + $5.70 - $0.00 = $10.20. Since the cost to call is only $5, Alice should call, not fold.

Comments?

--Ronald King 07:40, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I removed the second example under "Implied pot odds" for the reasons Ronald cited. The EV of a probable winner is only the product of the implied odds and estimated probability of losing. Adhall 10:43, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

Implied pot odds example
Now, I'm a beginner, so I'm probably making a mistake somewhere, but... "Second to last betting round" would be turn, right? So 4 cards are on the table. And Alice has 2 in her hand. That's 6 cards. She has 4 outs. So, her pot odds are: total number of cards (52) - cards she sees (2 in her hand and 4 on the table) : 4 outs = (52 - 6) : 4 = 11.5 : 1. And the article says pot odds are 10.5 : 1. What am I missing? --78.0.86.212 20:39, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

 * You're confusing "odds" and "probability"; probability is the ratio of favorable outcomes to all outcomes: 4/46 in this case, or 1/11.5. Odds are the ratio of favorable outcomes to unfavorable outcomes, 42 : 4 in this case (subtracting the four winners), or 10.5 : 1.  Remember, a "1 in 4" chance or "25%" or "1/4 probability" is 3 to 1 odds, not 4 to 1. --LDC 00:15, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Aha! Thanks a lot! --78.0.69.133 12:17, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

This example is a steal from David Sklansky & Mason Malmuth: "Small Stakes Hold'em". 93.139.63.131 (talk) 15:54, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

weak
Perhaps someone could edit the use of the word "weak". In the section on reverse implied pot odds we have the expression "If the opponent is weak or bluffing" appearing twice. This is ambiguous. Does this mean that the person is a weak player, or that he has a weak hand? Eclecticology (talk) 00:01, 8 October 2009 (UTC)

I made the edit. Not sure why you didn't do it yourself... Hazir (talk) 05:32, 8 October 2009 (UTC)

 * As it happened I really didn't know which was correct. I had gone to the article in the first place to inform myself about the concept. Anyway, I've now at least made the same change in the other place where it occurs.  FWIW, articles of this kind (not just about poker) often read quite differently for a person already familiar with the subject than for one who is just going there to find out.  It did make me wonder how could I make this more readable without changing the information. Eclecticology (talk) 00:32, 9 October 2009 (UTC)

Manipulating pot odds
A bet of $6.43, resulting in pot odds of 4.11-to-1, would make his opponent mathematically indifferent to calling.

While this may work out to be zero-EV for us in theory, in practice its terrible, since the villain will usually have implied odds to make the call (we might river a set/2pair and be reluctant to lay it down, or we might click the wrong button accidentally). Also, if we make him break even on his call, we aren't going to profit from our bet. We want him to pay too high a price, which will cause him to make a mistake and then we profit. 93.139.67.66 (talk) 16:41, 25 February 2010 (UTC)

 * In practice, when implied odds factor into the equation, it becomes more of a game based upon inutition and instinct, ie... trying to work out what his implied odds are most likely to be and making the appropriate bet size based upon that. With regards to aiming to make an opponent mathematically indifferent to calling, it's in order to allow us to capitalise on our opponent's mistakes. From a game theory standpoint, betting more than what Nash would tell us to do would cause our opponent to fold more often than necessary. Of course, Nash isn't the be-all and end-all of game theory but I hope I've helped with your understanding of the reason behind why we want our opponents to be mathematically indifferent to calling. JaeDyWolf ~ Baka-San (talk) 16:11, 7 May 2012 (UTC)

Card suit symbols rejected
I am trying to write an example for using pot odds with card suit symbols, but Wikipedia rejects them as inappropriate since I am a new user. What can be done? Editor794 (talk) 18:35, 17 September 2021 (UTC) Editor 794

Addition Law of Probability
The given application of the Addition Law of Probability is incomplete as it doesn't subtract the probability of both cards being the straight card.

The addition law of probability combines the chances of making the straight on the turn (4/47 = 8.5%) and on the river (4/46 = 8.7%) to give the player an equity of 17.2%, assuming no other cards will give them a winning hand.

I believe it should be 4/47 + 4/46 - (4/47 * 3/46) = 8.5% + 8.7% - 0.6% = 16.7%

I didn't want to edit because I'm not entirely sure I've done the math right. Cjgeist (talk) 17:18, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

 * I think your result is much closer to the correct one than the one in the article, unless there's something I'm not understanding about the situation described (I'm not a poker player). I would do 4/47 + 43/47 * 4/46, or alternatively, 4/47 + 4/47 - (4/47 * 3/46). W. P. Uzer (talk) 19:59, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pot odds


text:
Verjuice

Verjuice (from Middle French vertjus 'green juice') is a highly acidic juice made by pressing unripe grapes, crab-apples or other sour fruit. Sometimes lemon or sorrel juice, herbs or spices are added to change the flavor. It also goes by the name Verjus.

Etymology
The authors of The Medieval Kitchen: Recipes from France and Italy (1998) write that the grape seeds preserved in salts were also called verjus during the Middle Ages. The word verjus is derived from the French term vert jus (literally "green juice") which refers to its sour grape source. In the French region of Ardèche, a cider fermented from crab apple juice is called verjus. In medieval and early modern English cookery texts "verjuice" sometimes means apple juice or crab-apple juice.

History
From the Middle Ages through the Renaissance, verjus was widely used all over Western Europe as an ingredient in sauces, as a condiment, or to deglaze preparations.

Verjus is called husroum (حصرم) in Arabic; it is used extensively in Lebanese and Syrian cuisine. Verjus is known as ab-ghooreh (آب‌غوره) in Persian, and it is used extensively in Persian cuisine, such as in Shirazi salad.

Verjus is used to some extent in the American South.

Modern resurgence
Maggie Beer, a South Australian cook, vintner and food writer, began the modern resurgence of verjuice when she started commercial production in 1984, after a harvest of Rhine Riesling grapes could not be sold. She persuaded a winemaker who was a friend to assist her in turning the juice into verjuice. After slow national sales, 15 years later came international sales, that were then followed in France and elsewhere by local product. Niagara Oast House Brewers in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada, developed a farmhouse ale around the use of local Niagara Pinot Noir Verjus, with the first release in fall 2015.

Usage
Verjus comes in two colors, white and red. The red varies from gentle and floral, to rich and hearty; the white varies from light and mild, to tangy and aggressive.

It was once used in many contexts where modern cooks would use either wine or some variety of vinegar, but has become much less widely used as wines and variously flavored vinegars became more accessible. Nonetheless, it is still used in a number of dishes as well as in recipes from various cuisines, and can be purchased at some gourmet grocery stores or by local producers.

Modern cooks use verjuice most often in salad dressings as the acidic ingredient when wine is going to be served with the salad. This is because it provides a comparable sour taste component, yet without "competing with" (altering the taste of) the wine, the way vinegar or lemon juice would. Some people will drink verjus with sparkling water and ice, which tastes similar to lemonade.

In the Middle East, verjus is thought to have medicinal properties, and can help diagnose illnesses (as it relates to Iranian traditional medicine).

title: Verjuice


text:
Talk:List of horn players

links to other language wikipedias
I really disagree with linking to to the german wikipedia for these horn players. Please just create the page in the english wikipedia and add the language link as is normally done. I'll revert the changes for now and create a stub or two perhaps. Kenkoo1987, I noticed that you speak a bit of german. Why don't you try translating a bit of some of these pages? Thanks for looking at the page though. Horndude77 19:18, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

similar page
I noticed that there is a similar page hornist. Any comments on which page we should keep? Horndude77 19:20, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

removed players
I'm a bit confused over some of the removals recently. One of them a former prinipal in the berlin phil, one a teacher in vienna, and one even had a link to a page about the player! I added most of them back in and took one out that was added out because of the google test (no information, correct me if this is wrong). The german horn page has more information on many of these players if there is any doubt of them belonging. Horndude77 21:53, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

merge with Horn (instrument)
Someone recently added a subtopic for horn players to the main article; I started to add some players to that list and then discovered this list. Should this list be merged into the main article? This list is somewhat more restricted since it only includes players for whom there is already an WP article. David 17:32, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

DELETED
I deleted the horn players related to west Genesee high school because they are neither notable nor have an article. Isn't it so new and refreshing when some high school freshman has the original idea of putting all their friends on Wikipedia? Plus they spelled wind ensemble wrong.--Esmason 05:57, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Who are they?
Does anyone know of some of these people - I can find no information about them on Google: Jennifer Ohmer, Sally Ng,  Elizabeth O'hearn,  Jonathan Koenig,  and Matthew Collins. Also, it seems this list is a little hefty, and while no offense to any individuals, why include 3 people from the Hong Kong Phil, but only one from the San Francisco Symphony? I think this should be narrowed down, with more detail on those people it does include, maybe even years for those in orchestral positions (it's not very clear that many people have left the positions that are listed). —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Csdorman (talk • contribs) 17:48, 26 March 2007 (UTC).

Jelanie Hill
Who is Jelanie Hill - how is s/he notable? A google search turned up nothing but this and other related wikipedia pages, nothing on who they are or what notable thing they've done. Csdorman 01:26, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

Removed persons
Could somebody please explain me the reason of removing such players like Mason Jones, Georges Barboteu, Vitaly Buyanovsky, Louis-François Dauprat, Erich Penzel, Hans Pizka, Michael Holtzel, Anton Horner, Wendell Hoss and some others from the list? I suppose all of them are worth to be considered notable. Alexey.tses (talk) 23:31, 13 June 2009 (UTC)

Xaver Reiter
I think that Xaver Reiter should be added to this list. He was a very prominent French hornist during the late 19th century and early 20th century. For those not familiar with him, here is an excellent article written about his life: http://www.rjmartz.com/hornplayers/Reiter-X/ Stephen.reiter (talk) 01:21, 25 November 2012 (UTC)

Notability
At the top of the article it says This list of horn players includes notable players of tenor (alto) horn, French horn, German horn, natural horn, Vienna horn, and alphorn. This seems pretty clear – they are notable players of those instruments. What it does not say is that it should include people who are notable for another reason but who happen to be or to have been a horn player. An example would be Arthur C. Brooks – yes notable, no not a notable horn player. I do understand (I hope I am not pursuing this one example too hard when I am really talking about the general principle) that he is notable for what he is now: I just don't see that he is or was a notable horn player. If his story was only that of his horn career as stated in his article, he would not be in this list. I therefore don't see why he is in it now when his notability has nothing to do with the horn. If this is a list of notable horn players then people like Brooks should not be in it; conversely, if it is just meant to be a list of notable people some of whom also play the horn – which I really don't think it should or can be – then that repurposing would need to be discussed, but not just assumed and tacitly executed. Best wishes to all, 82.39.96.55 (talk) 01:21, 29 March 2019 (UTC)
 * From his biographical article, it does appear that Brooks was once a notable horn player. Do please correct me if I'm wrong, but it seems to me (based on this one example, at least), is "can a once-notable horn player still be included on this list if he went on to establish a second, higher-visibility career in another field?"—Jerome Kohl (talk) 01:43, 29 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for that and I'm sorry for the very slow reply (long story). Briefly, yes – you're right, that is indeed the question made implicit by my badly-thought-out example! I rather lazily didn't read up thoroughly on the significance of Brooks's horn career and, whilst I don't know exactly how our rules on notability work for him, I can see that there is easily plenty of scope to see him as notable then. So, yep, it is a stupid question as it stands, based on a stupid example. My more general point is (/should have been) whether a non-notable horn player – a genuinely non-notable one and not, as I now cheerfully concede, Mr Brooks – should be listed here where their actual notability is in football or design or banana-growing or whateverthehell. I continue to feel that such people shouldn't be in such a list and, unless someone tells me otherwise, I will continue to remove them when I feel it's pretty clear. But not Arthur C Brooks! Best wishes to all DBaK (talk) 21:27, 10 April 2019 (UTC)

John Entwistle and others
Following on from the question above, do you think that John Entwistle should be listed on this page? I see what it says in his article but I am not convinced that this makes him a notable horn player as mentioned in the lead and just above. I'm tempted to just remove him and see if anyone minds, but let's see if there are some other views to express here. I've taken out a couple of others but I really thought they were beyond doubt ... Best to all DBaK (talk) 19:33, 11 April 2019 (UTC)

Gerd Seifert
Yeah. Gerd Seifert, French hornist, lead on the Berlin Phil's insane recording of Schumann's Konzertstück für 4 Hörner und Orchester. Seriously missing from this 'significant' horn player list. Just sayin'... What do you need, here? (talk) 07:55, 9 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of horn players


text: User talk:69.140.208.217

title: User talk:69.140.208.217


text: Template talk:Vehicle-military

title: Template talk:Vehicle-military


text:
Thomas Baker (artist)

Thomas Baker (9 October 1809 – 10 August 1864) was a Midlands landscape painter and watercolourist often known as "Baker of Leamington" or "Landscape Baker".

Born in Harborne, Birmingham, Baker was a student of Vincent Barber (1788–1838) at the Barber family's Charles Street Academy in Birmingham. Exhibiting publicly with the Birmingham Society of Artists from 1827 onwards, he painted landscapes throughout Warwickshire, the Midlands and the Welsh border regions and occasionally producing depictions of the Lake District, Scotland and Ireland. More often than not Baker's landscapes include cattle, although sheep and human figures are also fairly common in his works.

Baker kept comprehensive records of his work and usually signed each major picture "T Baker", dated it to the year and numbered it on the back. Smaller pieces, studies and pencil sketches tend to be signed "T.B." (sometimes to be found playfully hidden around gravestones, fenceposts, treeroots etc.) and dated more precisely. His diaries and notes – which contain an 800-strong list of his major works - are held in the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery while the art gallery at the Royal Pump Rooms in Leamington Spa has a collection of over sixty Baker landscapes, a couple of which are nearly always on display in the Art Gallery. The art historian Alison Plumridge and local historian Charles Lines have both highlighted how Baker provided artistic tutoring to the local middle classes in order to supplement his earnings from major local patrons such as Lord Leigh. In terms of wider success, Baker exhibited four oil paintings at the Royal Academy between 1831 and 1858 with his work appearing more frequently at the British Institution (where he exhibited 19 paintings) and the Royal Birmingham Society of Artists. After his premature death in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, at the age of 55 (amid suggestions of murder that led to the suicide of his housekeeper, Hannah Hewitt), Baker's body was returned to his birthplace and buried in close proximity to the famous Midlands landscape artist David Cox at St. Peter's Church in Harborne, Birmingham.

The Birmingham-based photographer and landscape painter Edmund Smith-Baker (usually given as E. S. Baker) was the eldest of Baker's five illegitimate children by Elizabeth Alice Smith, a lodging housekeeper from Cubbington. Edmund Smith-Baker ran a studio on Bristol Street in Birmingham together with his younger brother Thomas William, where – alongside the production of carte de visite photographs – he is believed to have completed new and previously unfinished Baker landscapes. Some of these works are signed "E.S. Baker" while others display a rather more decorative signature of "E.S.B" in which the "S" is combined with an enlarged "B".

As a last point of interest with regard to Thomas Baker 'of Leamington', Charles Lines has suggested that, prior to his relationship with Elizabeth Alice Smith, the artist had previously been married at either Leamington All-Saints or Lillington Church and produced two legitimate sons. However, there is no evidence to support this. This assumption is likely based on the two Smith-Baker sons going by the last name of Baker such as E.S. Baker by Edmund Smith-Baker.

title: Thomas Baker (artist)


text:
Tim Redding

Timothy James Redding (born February 12, 1978) is an American former professional baseball pitcher and more recently the pitching coach for the Hagerstown Suns. He pitched for the Houston Astros, San Diego Padres, Washington Nationals, New York Yankees, and New York Mets, organizations in MLB.

Early years
Redding was born in Rochester, New York. He graduated from Churchville-Chili Senior High School, then played college baseball at Monroe Community College. He is a grandnephew of actress Joyce Randolph, best known for playing Trixie Norton on The Honeymooners.

1997–2004: Houston Astros
In the 1997 Major League Baseball Draft Redding was drafted by the Houston Astros in the 20th round (610th). In 2000, with the Kissimmee Cobras of the Florida State League, he was 12-5 with a 2.68 ERA in 24 starts and was selected as a Baseball America 2nd team Minor League All-Star, a High-A All-Star, Florida State League All-Star and Florida State League Pitcher of the Year. In 2001, with the Round Rock Express, he was selected as a Double-A All-Star, the Texas League Pitcher of the Year (and All-Star) and again was selected to the Baseball America 2nd team Minor League All-Stars. He was also recognized as the #3 prospect in the Astros system.

He made his Major League debut on June 24, 2001 against the Cincinnati Reds, pitching six innings and allowing five earned runs. He recorded his first credited win on July 2 in a seven-inning start against the Milwaukee Brewers. He appeared in 13 games, with 9 starts in 2001, finishing 3-1 with a 5.50 ERA. He split 2002 between the AAA New Orleans Zephyrs and the Astros, before becoming a regular part of the Houston rotation in 2003. He made 32 starts that year, finishing 10-14 with a 3.68 ERA. In 2004, he was in 27 games, but only 17 were starts and he was 5-7 with a 5.72 ERA.

2005: San Diego Padres and New York Yankees
On March 28, 2005 he was traded to the San Diego Padres for Humberto Quintero.

In 2005, Redding would go 0-5 with a 9.31 ERA in nine games (6 starts) with the Padres, while battling injuries, until he was traded to the New York Yankees with Darrell May for Paul Quantrill. The Yankees starting rotation was hurt by injuries and they decided to take "a chance" with Redding. However, his stint with the Yankees would be short lived—he started and lasted one inning against the Boston Red Sox, allowing six runs on four hits and four walks. The next day, he was designated for assignment to allow a spot for pitcher Al Leiter. He spent the rest of the season in AAA with the Columbus Clippers.

2006: Chicago White Sox
In 2006, Redding spent the entire season in the minor leagues. He signed a minor league contract with the Chicago White Sox and was assigned to their Triple-A affiliate, the Charlotte Knights. He became a key component of the Knights' pitching rotation, finishing the 2006 season with a 12-10 record and 3.40 ERA in 29 appearances. He led the team in strikeouts (148) and complete games (5). On September 6, 2006, Redding pitched a four-hit shutout against the Toledo Mud Hens in the International League playoffs. At the end of the season, he opted for minor league free agency, and in November signed a minor-league deal with the Washington Nationals.

2007–2008: Washington Nationals
In 2007, with the Nationals, Redding had a rough spring training, allowing 11 runs in 8-2/3 inning, and not making the major league club. At Triple-A Columbus, he compiled a 9-5 record with an ERA of 5.32, by the end of June. The Nationals, beset by injuries to its starting pitching rotation, purchased Redding's contract, and in July he made his first big league start since 2005. He went 5 innings, being tagged with three runs and the loss. He followed that start, however, with a six-inning stint, where he allowed 2 runs on five hits, and earned his first win as a major leaguer since September 26, 2004, and first as a starter since July 24.

In 2008, Redding went 10-11 with a 4.95 ERA despite his post-All-Star break slump where he went 3-8 with a 6.92 ERA. Redding also was the victim of seven blown saves, tying for first in the majors. At the season's end, he was non-tendered by the Nationals, making him a free agent.

2009: New York Mets
In January, Redding signed a one-year, $2.25 million deal with the New York Mets. Going into spring training, Redding was a candidate to be the fifth starter. He struggled in the games that he pitched in and during the middle of spring training he was "shut down" due to right shoulder fatigue. It was speculated that his shoulder fatigue was caused by his own error. Redding had offseason foot surgery and he had been rushing back to make sure he had secured a spot in the Opening Day rotation. Tim made his first start of the 2009 season on May 18 against the Los Angeles Dodgers and allowed 2 earned runs over 6 innings. He was non-tendered by the Mets following the season.

2010: Colorado Rockies
On January 26, 2010, Redding signed a minor league contract with the Colorado Rockies. He was released on May 6.

2010: New York Yankees
On May 12, 2010, Redding signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees. Redding was named International League pitcher of the week on August 2. He was released on August 5.

2010: Samsung Lions
On August 5, 2010, Redding signed with the Samsung Lions of the Korea Baseball Organization. He became a free agent following the season.

2011: Los Angeles Dodgers
On December 28, 2010, Redding signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers with an invitation to spring training. He was assigned to the AAA Albuquerque Isotopes. He opted out of his contract on June 15, and became a free agent.

2011: Philadelphia Phillies
On June 20, 2011, Redding signed a minor league contract with the Philadelphia Phillies. He was released on July 12, after pitching in 5 games for the Lehigh Valley IronPigs.

2012: Toronto Blue Jays
On January 23, 2012, Redding signed a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays. Redding played for the Las Vegas 51s, Triple A team for the Toronto Blue Jays. Redding was released by the 51s on August 10.

2012: Sugar Land Skeeters
On August 17, 2012, Redding signed with the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He became a free agent following the season. In 5 starts 27.1 innings he went 3-2 with a 4.28 ERA and 14 strikeouts.

2013: Sultanes de Monterrey
On April 2, 2013, Redding signed with the Sultanes de Monterrey of the Mexican League. He was released on June 15. He appeared in 14 games (3 starts) throwing 19 innings struggling mightily going 1-3 with a 9.95 ERA and 15 strikeouts.

2013: Rieleros de Aguascalientes
On June 18, 2013, Redding signed with the Rieleros de Aguascalientes of the Mexican League. He was released on August 1. In 17 games 16.1 innings of relief he went 0-1 with a 2.20 ERA with 14 strikeouts and 3 saves.

2013: Southern Maryland Blue Crabs
On August 10, 2013, Redding signed with the Southern Maryland Blue Crabs of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He became a free agent following the season. In 19 games 16.2 innings of relief he struggled going 1-2 with a 5.94 ERA and 13 strikeouts.

Post-playing career
Redding was named pitching coach for the Auburn Doubledays – Washington Nationals Class A Short Season Affiliate of the New York–Penn League for the 2014 season. He coached for Auburn through the 2017 season.

Redding was named pitching coach for the Hagerstown Suns for the 2018 season.

title: Tim Redding


text:
User talk:DHarjo

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Phroziac (talk) 19:20, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
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Hello
Hi, I just wanted to drop you a note. You seem to be making quite a splash on the topic of the American West -- I was asked to have a look at the pages as a reasonably disinterested party (I'm not a close friend of anyone involved, and as a Washingtonian I'm not too invested in the idea of the West, though I do have a Texan for a brother-in-law). I looked them over, and while I think you do have some reasonable arguments, I think you are going overboard in attacking those who disagree with you. It's never pleasant to be alone in a discussion at Wikipedia (I've been there more than once, totally dumbfounded that no one could understand my perspective), but the really important thing is to maintain Civility and to follow the advice of Staying cool when the editing gets hot. I have definitely worked with some of these folks before (JCarriker and Jmabel, at least), and I have to say they tend to be very thorough and reasonable guys (and pretty intelligent too). Most of all, while there are certainly some folks around here who will never compromise or allow their minds to be changed, JCarriker and Jmabel are not in that group at all -- I think if you remain calm and are willing to compromise in some areas, you'll find that they are also willing to extend that courtesy to you.

If you feel I'm singling you out, I'm sorry -- on the talk pages I've seen, you're the only one that I see crossing the line into rudeness. If you see something else, point me to it -- like I said before, I don't have a dog in this fight, and am open to seeing both sides (though if you keep being uncivil to others, I will make sure to get involved to put it to a stop). I've been hanging around for a while now (2 years), and in that time I've seen just about everything this place has to offer (and have served in almost every capacity) -- if it helps at all, think of this as the advice of an old hand who has definitely seen frustration and felt that he was losing an argument where he was clearly in the right. In the long run, I find it's better to relax a bit and do my best to work with even folks I find unbearable. Let me know if I can be of any help, and please, watch how you respond to people -- if you make personal remarks that bring me back here a second time, I'm going to be in a much grumpier mood, and I prefer not to feel that way. Best regards, Jwrosenzweig 07:15, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:45th_Infantry_insignia_(thunderbird).png
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45th Infantry
Hi, I don't speak (and wrote) English, but I need the Image:45th_Infantry_insignia_(thunderbird).png from the Commons... please, upload this file in the Commons... it's possible?

Thanks, very much, André Koehne 17:54, 4 August 2006 (UTC) (I'm a brazilian User)

Fair use rationale for Image:Indian_City_USA_brochure.png
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Indian_City_USA_brochure.png. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Suggestions on how to do so can be found here.

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title: User talk:DHarjo


text:
User talk:Tokachu

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Phroziac (talk) 19:20, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
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Thanks
Thanks for bringing this to my attention. While it isn't strictly forbidden for James Ewing to edit Sveasoft, Wikipedia discourages self-promotion. It is not okay for him to remove information which presents his company in a negative light. I'll leave him a message on his talk page about it. I don't think his edits are worth blocking him over, but if he continues to remove information from the article it will be a problem. Rhobite 19:46, August 1, 2005 (UTC)

Be careful
Please be more careful when reverting Sveasoft. While I understand your sentiment, you also removed a lot of improvements in formatting and text by reverting back so far. Rather than reverting an article to a previous version, please try to edit it, instead. That is the only way disputes will be solved. Thanks. :) kmccoy (talk) 01:50, 3 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Feel free to improve on the formatting, but please keep it as close to Rhobite's edit as humanly possible. --Tokachu 01:55, 3 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Rhobite's edit is okay, but there's room for improvement. It's a wiki, it'll keep changing.  Reverting back to an "ideal edit" will just lead to conflict and frustration.
 * Also, I'm back at my keyboard and on IRC if you wanted to talk. Sorry I missed you.  kmccoy (talk) 02:20, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

E-mail
I sent you an email via Wikipedia's email function. Please read it; it relates to a relatively important matter. If you did not get it, please contact me (a number of contact methods are listed on my user page). Thanks, Kelly Martin 04:41, August 3, 2005 (UTC)

Ebaum's World
I don't necessarily appreciate that you called my efforts to improve the article on eBaum's world abusive. It was a bona fide change I made out of the belief that some statements were biased and inconsistent with the encyclopedia's neutrality policy. Just because it is true does not mean that it is alright to include. 67.164.214.150 01:33, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

 * There are literally over a dozen links citing copyright infringment. Please refer to the past comments on your talk page. --Tokachu 04:51, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

Note
You have no business signing unsigned comments for Raphael1. He needs to be responsible for his own actions. Haizum 19:33, 5 March 2006 (UTC)
 * There have been far too many unsigned pages in the talk page you have mentioned. I would suggest you sign his or her comments yourself, since leaving unsigned comments in talk pages can lead to confusion. --Tokachu 19:40, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Meatwad.gif
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Fair Use Images and user pages
Greetings, I'm writing you to inform you that I've commented out the section on your user page that showed this image as under Fair use rules such utilization isn't permitted. Netscott 10:51, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

Andrew Bourke
I've put in a report on WP:ANI here. You seem to know about the person that's actually behind this, do you think you could add whatever you know to my post? --Sam Blanning(talk) 17:57, 1 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Sure, though everything I know is in the user talk page (the version you linked above). The other evidence would be the history of the DD-WRT, Sveasoft, and WRT54G articles (look at how many edits and reverts were made in a matter of a couple of days!). --Tokachu 19:09, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

Lindsey Graham
I noticed you helped revert an edit by User:72.242.65.58 here yesterday. Can you provide further help - the vandalism and POV edits persist. Thanks. --mtz206 (talk) 13:33, 6 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Your best bet to get him/her to stop making silly edits is to silently revert any changes he/she may make. Don't give trolls the attention they desire. --Tokachu 18:37, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

"Who goes to a hacker convention with that many dildos?"
Hey, remember when we saw that chick with the dildos and silicone lube at H.O.P.E.? Good times. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Murd0c516 (talk • contribs)
 * Yes. I'm the one who uploaded the picture. I would know. --Tokachu 00:58, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

Crayon Shin-chan

I am not aware of this new version. The last DrMaster publication uses Crayon Shin-chan. WhisperToMe 06:57, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

I would like an explanation as to why you changed what I edited in the article Crayon Shin-Chan Ujjwal Krishna 12:17, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

 * That was a mistake on my part. I though I saw the manga mentioned twice. Unfortunately when I reverted it something may have been lost. Feel free to just replace your edit. --Tokachu 17:06, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

Very well then, thanks. I'm really sorry if I offended you. By the way, are you from Japan? Ujjwal Krishna 13:48, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Protected user page
I should be flattered that someone has so much of a vendetta against me that my user page had to be protected. --Tokachu 20:42, 7 June 2006 (UTC)
 * This has been sprotected for quite some time, I've removed the lock. — xaosflux  Talk  00:53, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

What does protection mean?
Having a protected user page means I can put up links like this without worrying about people “dr0pp1ng my d0x.”

Editing user pages
Please don't put content on other user's pages without asking. Some consider this vandalism.Renny 17:16, 23 December 2006 (UTC) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Renniy (talk • contribs).
 * Nice try, Renniy. --Tokachu 17:51, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned fair use image (Image:EBaums World Screenshot.png)
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Vandals
The Sveasoft vandals are back and targeting you again... BJ Talk 21:19, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I have no clue why he or she is suddenly targeting me as if I'm the one editing this page. If I were an administrator, however, I would definitely check the IP addresses used to see if they're a Tor router. --Tokachu 22:14, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Nope, you would have to be a checkuser. I am reverting Sveasoft page on sight so shouldn't be a big problem. BJ Talk 22:21, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, if he or she continues to post addresses I used to live in (hint: I live on Ficklen Drive now), warn the IP of the no personal attacks policy. --Tokachu 22:28, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Also, protect Sveasoft. --Tokachu 22:28, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I have warned they IP that did that for NPA but it keep switching IPs so almost no use. I'm not an admin and the vandalism seems to have stopped, if it starts again I will request sprotect. BJ Talk 22:32, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
 * The vandal came back and Sveasoft and your user page have been protected. BJ Talk 02:32, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

Does he always do this? This is getting quite annoying. BJ Talk 20:02, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Tokachu


text:
Barsaat (1995 film)

Barsaat ( Rain) is a 1995 Indian Hindi-language romantic action film, starring Bobby Deol and Twinkle Khanna, in their debuts. The film was directed by Rajkumar Santoshi.

Both Deol and Khanna won the Filmfare Awards in the Best Debut categories. Notably, Deol would also act in a film of the same name 10 years later in 2005.

Plot
Badal (Bobby Deol) is a naive but intelligent young man who comes from a small village to the big city to attend college. He is introduced to city life by his former villager Damru (Harish Patel), who calls himself Danny. In college, he meets pretty and precocious Tina Oberoi (Twinkle Khanna) and, after a few misunderstandings and misadventures, they fall in love.

This relationship is not approved of by Tina's wealthy widower step-father Dinesh Oberoi (Raj Babbar), who hopes to take all her wealth. He is waiting for Tina To turn eighteen. His friend (Bharat Kapoor) wants his son to marry Tina and divide the whole wealth. Once his son finds out about love of Tina and Badal, he complains to the college principal (Vijay Kashyap), that Badal has been responsible for sexually harassing a girl at the college one night, but Tina testifies in favour of Badal and insists he's innocent. Dinesh then asks a corrupt cop, Negi (Danny Denzongpa), the city's assistant commissioner of police, for assistance.

Negi arrests Badal on trumped-up charges and imprisons him. Badal's widowed dad Bhairon (Mukesh Khanna) comes to the big city to try to make sense of why Badal is in prison. Dinesh gives a contract to Negi to have Badal killed. Negi agrees and hires a gang of ruthless outlaws to hunt and kill Badal. The lovebirds run away to Badal's village. However, Negi reaches there and threatens the villagers. To save the villagers, Badal gives Tina sleeping pills by lying to her that both of them are committing suicide. He then surrenders himself to Negi.

When Tina wakes up, she finds herself in the custody of her step-father who tries to kill her by giving her poison, but her friend tells her the true intention of Dinesh who never wanted Tina to marry his son. She is shocked to learn the truth and runs in a car.

By this time, Badal and Negi had a face off where Negi is killed (as shown) by Badal and now he comes to save Tina from Dinesh who is behind her to kill him. Both of them are fighting on the hill where Tina pleads Badal not to kill Dinesh as she considers him her father.

However, Negi (who is revealed to still be alive) again comes to kill Badal but Dinesh protects Badal this time and Negi is finally killed, but by Bhairon and two others. At last, Tina and Badal unite with the dying Dinesh, who finally approves their match and apologises for his deeds.

Cast

 * Bobby Deol as Badal
 * Twinkle Khanna as Tina Oberoi
 * Raj Babbar as Dinesh Oberoi
 * Mukesh Khanna as Bhairon, Badal's father
 * Harish Patel as Damru "Danny"
 * Anjan Srivastav as Maula Ram
 * Bharat Kapoor as R.K. Mehra
 * Ashwin Kaushal as Bhushi
 * Vijay Kashyap as Kapurchand, college principal
 * Viju Khote as Tom Tom
 * Shehzad Khan as Khan Bhai
 * Suresh Bhagwat as Director
 * Danny Denzongpa as ACP Negi
 * Kiran Juneja as Tina's late mother and Dinesh's late wife

Production
Initially, Shekar Kapur was set to direct this film and had shot a scene with Deol. However, he left the film for Bandit Queen and Rajkumar Santoshi took over as director. He had both the lead actors attend workshops. While shooting a scene in London, Deol suffered a leg injury and had to use crutches for over a year. He continued shooting for the film Gupt: The Hidden Truth with his injured leg. A few scenes were shot at Rohtang Pass near Manali, Himachal Pradesh. Khanna fainted once while filming there. Reportedly both the lead actors did not go along well during the shooting. Deol irritated Khanna on many occasions and the latter found it "obnoxious".

Box office
Its total net gross collection was 29 crores and it was declared a "Super Hit" grosser by Box Office India. It was also the 5th highest-grossing movie of the year.

Soundtrack
The film score of Barsaat was composed by Louis Banks while the songs were composed by Nadeem Shravan with lyrics penned by Sameer.According to the Indian trade website Box Office India, with around 3,000,000 units sold the soundtrack became the fourth highest-grossing album of the year.

The songs of the film are popular even in 2020, especially "Humko Sirf Tumse Pyaar Hai" and "Nahin Yeh Ho Nahin Sakta". Hindustan Times called the latter song "the definition of the lovelorn '90s" and "[s]till the most played song on every desi diljala aashiq’s list".

Reception
Barsaat was a "hugely-anticipated film". Writing for Rediff.com, Sukanya Verma called it "not a great movie" but was appreciative of Santosh Sivan's cinematography, especially during the song "Nahi Yeh Ho Nahi Sakta", noting that the "freshness enveloping Sivan’s visuals in the song ... choreographed by Farah Khan, continues to satisfy" and "I love the luminously lit frames, the use of fresh paint and mirrors and a gorgeous play of pristine white and bright yellow." A review in India Today noted that the film lacked a script and is "yet another collection of cliches". It found the songs "mediocre" and concluded with "[t]he best part is that two stars are born".

Filmfare Awards

 * Best Male Debut - Bobby Deol (Winner)
 * Best Female Debut - Twinkle Khanna (Winner)
 * Best Cinematographer - Santosh Sivan (Winner)
 * Best Sound - Rakesh Ranjan (Winner)
 * Best Performance in a Negative Role - Danny Denzongpa (Nominated)

title: Barsaat (1995 film)


text:
Talk:Hornist

similar page
I noticed that there is a similar page List of Horn Players. Any comments on which page we should keep? Horndude77 19:20, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hornist


text:
Talk:Thomas Baker (artist)

Attribution
Material on this page was originally contained in the Thomas Baker (antiquarian) article. -- BD2412 talk 19:21, July 15, 2005 (UTC)

Origin of page
CJP/ My Grandmother Annie Edith Baker stated her Grandfather was Thomas Baker the artist. Annie appears on the 1891 Census Piece RG12/2380 for Birmingham. Her father is listed as Thomas Baker Photographer. Note the census does not show this as Baker-Smith. Whether the name indicates legitimacy or pride I do not know. Thomas (Jr) had 6 daughters and one son who died in the war of 1914 childless.

Annie married William Priest a photographer's assistant per the 1891 census RG12/2401. He became an engineer for Birmingham city.

Perhaps a co-incidence but William Priest had daughters from a previous marriage and one of them married a Smith.

I placed the first Tomas Baker(Artist) page on Wikipedia a few years ago before the disambiguation removed the history. That note had links to art gallery sites showing his work. I also noted the date of death varies between sources as 1869 or 1964, /CJP 69.157.2.207 02:50, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

Census Records
Found the 1861 census on the baker-smith household. Looks like Thomas wasn't home that night. from freecen.rootsweb.com/ Warwickshire Ancestors Project — 1861 UNCHECKED Transcript of Piece RG9/2220 45,68 Springfield St,1, Elizabeth Smith,Head,W,,44,,Warwick Warwickshire,, ,,,Edmund Smith,Son,U,18,,Artist,Cubbington Warwickshire,, ,,,Emma Smith,Dau,U,,14,,Leamington Warwickshire,, ,,,Harry Smith,Son,,12,,Scholar,Leamington Warwickshire,, ,,,Allice Maria Smith,Dau,,,9,Scholar,Leamington Warwickshire,, ,,,Thomas Wm Smith,Son,,5,,Scholar,Leamington Warwickshire,,

Burial site
Although known to be buried at the church graveyard. I visited the church and could find neither Thomas Baker nor the other artist he was buried near. The pastor said the other artist was buried close to the church. Does anyone know where the stone is?

title: Talk:Thomas Baker (artist)


text: User talk:206.205.123.242

title: User talk:206.205.123.242


text:
User talk:Pietras1988

http://kurow-wiki.openhosting.pl/wiki/Dyskusja_u%C5%BCytkownika:Pietras1988

Warning
Please see Wikipedia's no personal attacks policy. Comment on content, not on contributors. Personal attacks damage the community and deter users. Note that continued personal attacks will lead to blocks for disruption. Please stay cool and keep this in mind while editing. --ElKevbo 18:29, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

About Wp/ext/Kurów
There are not many mistakes... i´ll traslate the full article from spanish versión... if you agree, of course... Greetings! 83.61.153.193 07:44, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

Re: Kurów
I have getting the next letter from you:
 * I write tou you because I think that you speak on Shekely dialect. Could you please write a stub about my hometown on Shekely dialect here - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w, SR, HR or HU wiki? Only 3-5 sentences enough. Please.

 * PS. Article about Kurów is already on 174 languages. If your village/town/city hasn't on PL wiki, I can do article about it. (I'm first author of requests) Pietras1988   TALK  2007. április 29., 11:00 (CEST)

I am sorry because I write only now the answer, but I have been in a long trip in Asia. So, the Szekler language is same with Hungarian languague. Are only few words, which differ (approx. 50-60). This means are not big differences between Hungarian and Szekler-Hungarian languages. And your page have Hungarian version. The only one difference can be made to write the page with old Szekler runic writer mode, but I think is not possible on wikipedia. I do not have the solution to use that write mode on computers. :(

All best, if I can help with anything else, be my guest. Ercsaba74 2007. november 9., 13:48 (CET) —Preceding comment was added at 11:50, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

I can try to start it as a stub in the Mirandese language. I'm not a native speaker of it and I can understand that language much better than I write it. But anyway, do I have to first register in that wiki in order to edit? Hús ö  nd  22:56, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

Kurów in Kotava
I have translated from the french article this stub in Kotava language. Here : http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/avk/Kurow.

Regards. Wikimistusik (talk) 08:05, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

Re:
Sorry, i very often to offline in Wikipedia. Muhammad Azmi 05:26, 22 February 2009 (UTC)

File:KurówCoat.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, File:KurówCoat.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the discussion to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Calliopejen1 (talk) 15:33, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pietras1988


text:
User:Dpachmann

I am Dieter Pachmann From Zürich/Switzerland.

title: User:Dpachmann


text:
User talk:Dpachmann

Dieter Pachmann's messsages.

title: User talk:Dpachmann


text:
Arlington High School (New York)

Arlington High School is a public high school in the Arlington Central School District located in LaGrange, New York, United States, on Route 55.

History
The school, although not the current building, has its origins in the early years of the Arlington Union Free School District Number 7, the district's name from 1900 to 1961. When the district was formed, there were only two school buildings. In 1900, only one year of high school work was offered. In 1922, it was expanded to two years; and in 1924, three years were offered. In 1926, Arlington High School was granted a charter as a six-year high school. Its first commencement was held in that year, with only nine students graduating. Since then, there have been an obvious increase in the school's population, almost a total of 4,000 students (2019-2020).

Attendance boundary
The district's territory (of which, Arlington High is the sole comprehensive high school) covers substantial parts of the towns of: Beekman, La Grange, Pleasant Valley, Poughkeepsie, and Union Vale. The district also includes small parts of the following towns: East Fishkill, Hyde Park, Pawling, and Wappinger.

Census-designated places (hamlets) within this district include Arlington, Freedom Plains, MacDonnell Heights, Pleasant Valley, Titusville, and Vassar College, as well as portions of Red Oaks Mill. Vassar maintains an apartment complex for faculty, which opened in 2023.

The Arlingtonian
The Arlingtonian is the official school newspaper. The paper is entirely student-run, although it is faculty-advised. Although the paper focuses on school events and news, it also includes local news and information regarding fund-raising events. The Arlingtonian publishes bi-monthly while school is in session. The newspaper is distributed free to all students, as well as local stores. A home delivery option is also available.

Marist/Arlington Bridge program
Arlington offers senior students the option to fulfill their high-school graduation requirements while simultaneously completing a full year of college at Marist College in Poughkeepsie. The program permits the student to earn up to 15 credits while fulfilling the basic Regents Prep courses in history and mathematics

Senior Follies
Senior Follies is an Arlington High School Tradition that dates back to the 1970s. It is a comedy and music show featuring members of the graduating class hosted by Senior Class Student Government. In 2011, the long-standing tradition resurfaced for the first time in six years.

Arlington High School Music Department
The Arlington High School music department currently supports 5 concert bands, 5 orchestras, 2 choirs, 3 jazz ensembles (with the most competitive being Jazz Machine), a competitive marching band, an indoor color guard, and numerous instrumental and vocal chamber ensembles. The Jazz Machine has attended the prestigious Berklee Jazz Festival in Boston 20 times. Between 2007 and 2017, the Jazz Machine took 1st place 4 times at Berklee and placed in the top 3 virtually every year in Large Ensemble Class 1. The Jazz Machine also participates annually in the Essentially Ellington program. In 2018, the Jazz Machine was named a finalist and placed 2nd at the Mid-Atlantic Jazz Festival and returned to the MAJF in 2019 to once again be named a finalist and took 1st place as well. In October 2019, for the fourth year in a row, the Arlington Admirals High School Marching Band brought home the first place trophy, or Governor’s Cup, in the National Class from the New York State Field Band Conference Championship, held annually in Syracuse.

Campus
The original building constructed specifically to house Arlington High School was built on Raymond Avenue in Poughkeepsie. It later went on to be used as the Arthur S. May Elementary School, and most recently (2014) it was purchased by nearby Vassar College. The second high school was built in 1933 and went on to become the Arlington Middle School. That building is now the current location of the Arthur S. May Elementary School, which moved into the building in 2014. The current Arlington High School building, originally constructed in 1961, has been significantly expanded several times, most recently in 2009. The newly expanded high school includes a main lobby, where the "Bubble" is located. Adjacent to the main lobby are the main office, the "Main Annex" and a New York State Police office. Attached to this are two long hallways running in opposite directions, which house more offices and classrooms. At the end of one of the hallways are the Gyms (Gyms 5, 6, 7), as well as the Athletic Department office. At the end of the other hallway, on the opposite end of the school, is the Large Group Instruction Room, Cafeterias C and D, and the Admiral Cafe, a student-run restaurant that operates during school hours. The original facility was built on a 100 acre site by UW Marx to support a maximum of 4,000 students. The school has a net building area of 533000 sqft and a cost of $64,229,000.

The current Arlington High School campus was first constructed in 1961, when the former high school, a 1930s-era WPA building in the Arlington area of Poughkeepsie, was converted into a middle school. In 1967, the first of several renovations took place, adding dozens of new classrooms to the building and raising building capacity to 1,500 students. In 1979, the current high school became "North Campus" for juniors, seniors and a portion of the sophomore class, while the former LaGrange Junior High School, located a short distance away on Stringham Road in Lagrangeville, was re-designated "South Campus" and housed freshman and the rest of the sophomore class. Some sophomore students split their days between the two campuses, and school buses came in both a "first wave" and a "second wave" to serve both campuses. Another renovation was completed at the high school in the Autumn of 1998 that nearly tripled its size, enabling all four grades to be moved back to what had been the North Campus. With the reconsolidation of the high school onto one campus, the Stringham Road building became LaGrange Middle School.

Because the 1998 expansion was meant to address the district's requirements for only 10 years, discussion began in 2005 on an additional, large expansion of the building. Debate over the expansion was tense, due to the perception of already lofty school-tax rates and the looming energy crisis. Nevertheless, district voters approved the measure, though with several budget-trimming alterations. As a result, the school expanded again, with the new renovation completed by 2009. It is large enough to hold more than 4,000 students.

Expansion
In 2006, voters in the district approved a plan to expand the campus further. The expansion includes 40 new classrooms, a K-12 education center, a new TV studio, a radio station as well as new science labs, a new auditorium, and a cafeteria for seniors. The expansion was added onto the school's south end of the 1100s and encompasses the previous senior parking lot. New parking lots on the east side of the building will offset the loss of parking arising from the expansion. As of December 2010, the old music office has been transformed into a senior lounge, although rather bare. The William J. Sweeney Performance Hall has opened and was first used for the Admiral Players' production The Wedding Singer and the 2010 Winter Concert Series.

House plan
In 2006, the school began "The House Plan". The plan gave each grade its own office, with four guidance counselors, two administrators and advisers. The 11th Grade house is located near the Main Annex, the 12th Grade house is located near the South Satellite 9th Grade house is located in the West Satellite and the 10th Grade house is located in the East House Guidance. (This is as of 2019–2020; the houses rotate each year). In these houses, there are many contests, parties, and small social functions.

Athletics
Arlington High School competes in Section 1 of the New York State Public High School Athletic Association.

Two Alumni and former members of the Arlington High School Varsity Softball Team, Jennifer Fisher (Induction Class of 2014) and Christia Mohan-Besko (Induction Class of 2022) have been inducted into the New York State High School Softball Hall of Fame.

The 2023-24 Football team finished 10-1, the first time in the history of the school.

title: Arlington High School (New York)


text:
User:JHCaufield

⁂ This is a user page! In fact, it's my user page! Hello, user page visitor!

⁂ My username used to be Several Times.

⁂ Here are a few pages I have read at some point in the past and found interesting:
 * User:Antandrus/observations on Wikipedia behavior
 * Thing (assembly)
 * Black Perl
 * Alulim
 * Placeholder names in different languages
 * ADE 651
 * Impostor syndrome
 * Deleted articles with freaky titles

⁂ From Hoss's Steak and Sea House (revision): Upon entering a Hoss's restaurant, one typically enters a hallway.

⁂ From Thomas Cavalier-Smith (revision): Carl Linnaeus was a distinguished member of the animal kingdom.

title: User:JHCaufield


text: User talk:68.51.105.202

title: User talk:68.51.105.202


text:
German Township, Auglaize County, Ohio

German Township is one of the fourteen townships of Auglaize County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 3,751 people in the township.

Geography
Located in the southwestern part of the county, it borders the following townships:
 * Saint Marys Township - north
 * Van Buren Township, Shelby County - east
 * McLean Township, Shelby County - southeast corner
 * Jackson Township - south
 * Marion Township, Mercer County - southwest
 * Franklin Township, Mercer County - northwest

The village of New Bremen is located in eastern German Township, and the unincorporated community of Lock Two lies in the northeastern part of the township.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, German Township has an area of 47.8 sqkm.

Name and history
It is one of five German Townships statewide.

Formed while still part of Mercer County, the township originally included Jackson Township until separation in 1858. One house in the township, the Julius Boesel House just north of New Bremen, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Government
The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

Public services
The majority of the township is in the New Bremen School District with southwestern portions being located the Marion Local School District.

The majority of the township is served by the New Bremen (45869) post office, while the southeastern section of the township is served by the Minster (45865) post office.

title: German Township, Auglaize County, Ohio


text: User talk:209.167.159.20

title: User talk:209.167.159.20


text:
Resettlement Administration

The Resettlement Administration (RA) was a New Deal U.S. federal agency created May 1, 1935. It relocated struggling urban and rural families to communities planned by the federal government. On September 1, 1937, it was succeeded by the Farm Security Administration.

History
The RA was the brainchild of Rexford G. Tugwell, an economics professor at Columbia University who became an advisor to Franklin D. Roosevelt during the latter's successful campaign for the presidency in 1932 and then held positions in the United States Department of Agriculture. Roosevelt established the RA under Executive Order 7027, as one of the New Deal's "alphabet agencies", and Tugwell became its head.

The divisions of the new organization included Rural Rehabilitation, Rural Resettlement, Land Utilization, and Suburban Resettlement. Roosevelt transferred the Federal Emergency Relief Administration land program to the Resettlement Administration under Executive Order 7028 on May 1, 1935.

However, Tugwell's goal of moving 650,000 people from 100000000 acre of agriculturally exhausted, worn-out land was unpopular among the majority in Congress. This goal seemed socialistic to some and threatened to deprive influential farm owners of their tenant workforce. The RA was thus left with enough resources to relocate only a few thousand people from 9000000 acre and build several greenbelt cities, which planners admired as models for a cooperative future that never arrived.

Relief camps for migrant workers

The main focus of the RA was to build relief camps in California for migratory workers, especially refugees from the drought-struck Dust Bowl of the Southwest. This move was resisted by a large share of Californians, who did not want destitute migrants to settle in their midst. The RA managed to construct 95 camps that gave migrants (unaccustomed to clean quarters) housing with running water and other amenities, but the 75,000 people who had the benefit of the camps were a small share of those in need and even they could stay only temporarily. Tugwell resigned in 1936, wanting to prevent a red-baiting campaign against him from affecting the agency.

On January 1, 1937, with hopes of making the RA more effective, the Resettlement Administration was transferred to the Department of Agriculture through executive order 7530. In the face of Congressional criticism, in September 1937 the Resettlement Administration was folded into a new body, the Farm Security Administration (FSA), which operated until 1946.

Communities and greenbelt cities
The RA worked with nearly 200 communities on its projects, notably including:
 * Tillery, North Carolina
 * Farmstead / Jasper, Alabama, this development, began by the WPA, included 40 homes, churches, a civic center, and a school.
 * Arthurdale, West Virginia, (first community begun by Subsistence Homesteads and pet project of Eleanor Roosevelt)
 * Cahaba Village in Trussville, Alabama (begun by the Works Progress Administration)
 * Palmerdale in Pinson, Alabama (parts built by the Works Progress Administration)
 * Jersey Homesteads (begun by the Division of Subsistence Homesteads)
 * Cumberland Homesteads near Crossville, Tennessee (begun by the Division of Subsistence Homesteads)
 * Christian-Trigg Farms near Hopkinsville, Kentucky (built by the RA and Farm Security Administration)
 * Greenbelt, Maryland, completely planned and constructed by the RA outside Washington, D.C.
 * Greendale, Wisconsin, another new town built by the RA, outside Milwaukee, Wisconsin
 * Greenhills, Ohio, the third of the RA's new towns, built outside Cincinnati, Ohio
 * Hickory Ridge, Virginia (now Prince William Forest Park)
 * Caney Lakes Recreation Area in Webster Parish, Louisiana
 * Greenbrook, New Jersey (planned by the RA but never built)
 * Matanuska Valley Colony, Alaska (near what is now Palmer, Alaska)
 * Aksarben, Nebraska
 * Mileston, Mississippi, one of thirteen resettlement communities that were entirely African-American

The Weedpatch Camp (also known as the Arvin Federal Government Camp and the Sunset Labor Camp), now on the National Register of Historic Places, was built in 1936 south of Bakersfield, California — not by the Resettlement Administration but by the Works Progress Administration. The camp inspired John Steinbeck's 1939 novel, The Grapes of Wrath.

Photography, film, and folk song projects
The RA also funded projects recording aspects of its work and context, including:
 * The Photography Project, which documented the rural poverty of the Great Depression and produced thousands of images that are now stored and available at the Library of Congress, was headed up by Roy Stryker.
 * The Film Project, which produced two documentaries directed by Pare Lorentz and scored by Virgil Thomson, The Plow That Broke the Plains and The River.
 * Sidney Robertson Cowell's recordings of folk songs, conducted during the summer of 1937, sponsored by the RA's Special Skills Division, and now stored at the University of Wisconsin.

title: Resettlement Administration