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Indo-Guyanese

Indo-Guyanese or Indian-Guyanese, are Guyanese nationals of Indian origin who trace their ancestry to India and the wider subcontinent. They are the descendants of indentured servants and settlers who migrated from India beginning in 1838, and continuing during the British Raj.

The vast majority of indentured labourers in Guyana came from North India, most notably the Bhojpur and Awadh regions in the Hindi Belt of the present-day states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand. A significant minority also came from Southern India. Among the immigrants, there were also labourers from other parts of South Asia. The vast majority of Indians came as contract labourers during the 19th century, spurred on by political upheaval, the ramifications of the Mutiny of 1857 and famine. Others of higher social status arrived as merchants, landowners and farmers pushed out of India by many of the same factors.

A large Indo-Guyanese diaspora is also found in countries such as the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom.

History
Indian immigration to the British West Indies was triggered by Great Britain's decision in the 1830s to outlaw the enslavement of labour brought from Africa. Newly emancipated Africans were suddenly able to choose where to live and what to do, which led sugar plantation owners to look elsewhere for workers. After they recruited from other countries, colonial recruitment turned to British India.

The indentured labour system became the replacement system for slavery in British Guiana. Persisting for 75 years, this system of indentured servitude presented its own forms of injustices, creating conflict with Indian nationalists. They pushed for its end in 1917. One major distinction between slavery and the indentured immigrant experience was that the indentured labourers from India had agreed to immigration, signing contracts that bound them to a plantation for five years, while earning a small, fixed daily wage. After five additional years working in Guiana (for a total of 10 years), survivors would be entitled either to receive passage back to India or to stay in Guiana and receive land and money to start their own businesses.

In 1838, some 396 Indian immigrants arrived in British Guiana from Calcutta. Over the ensuing 80 years, a reported total of more than 230,000 indentured labourers arrived from India.

For the first 25 years, indentured recruits were drawn largely from small towns in and around Calcutta, but people were recruited from as far as Sri Lanka.

As with indentured servitude in North America, the backbone of all recruiting operations were professional recruiters, assisted by paid local agents called "Arkatis" in North India and "Maistris" in South India. Intimidation, coercion, and deception were common, as were illegal practices, such as kidnapping and forced detention. An example of deception related to labourers who signed to immigrate to Surinam; recruiters would pronounce the country as "Sri-Ram," which would be perceived as the names of two Hindu deities with complex but very positive connotations.

In addition to having to deal with lack of freedoms, intense heat, and brutal working conditions, these indentured servants were largely met with hostility from the newly freed African population. Their chance to earn a living was undercut by the very low wages paid to the Indian immigrants.

Monuments
On 5 May 1988, a bronze sculpture of the Whitby, the ship which carried the first labourers to British Guiana, was presented to the people of Guyana by the Indian government. It is located in the Guyana National Park in Georgetown.

On 5 May 2019, the Indian Immigration Monument was unveiled by president David A. Granger. It is located in Palmyra near the Berbice Bridge. The compound near the monument has a visitor's gallery, several fountains and a playground.

Culture
Although Indian settlers maintained their traditions, the culture of the community is unique to Guyana. The Indo-Guyanese community originates from various regions and cultures in India, and as a result, over time in Guyana, they have cultivated a distinctive modern Indo-Guyanese culture that cannot be exclusively attributed to any specific sub-group within contemporary India.

Cultural origins and religion
Between 1838 and 1917, over 500 ship voyages, with 238,909 indentured Indian immigrants, came to Guyana. Some 75,898 of them or their children were recorded as returning to the subcontinent.

The most popular dialect of Hindi spoken was Bhojpuri (spoken in east Uttar Pradesh and west Bihar), followed by Awadhi (spoken in central Uttar Pradesh). 62% of the immigrants came from districts that are now part of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh; 20% from Bihar; 6% were from pre-partitioned Bengal; 1% from Haryana and Punjab; 2% from Chota Nagpur and surrounding areas (primarily Jharkhand and Odisha); 1% from Central India (primarily Madhya Pradesh); 1% from Native states (primarily Rajasthan); 2% from other parts of India; 5% from the Madras Presidency (Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh).

95% of all the Immigrants left from the port of Calcutta (Kolkata), and 5% from the port of Madras (Chennai). Note, no Immigrants left from the port of Bombay (Mumbai) to Guyana during the period of 1838 to 1917.

Very representative of the population in their regions of origin in India, of the Indian immigrants, 85% were Hindus and 15% were Muslims.

The Indian immigrants made an enduring cultural imprint on Guyana. Once their labor contracts expired, they resumed their original occupations and recreated near-typical traditional Indian village life in their adopted homeland.

Festivals and holidays
Indo-Guyanese Hindus continue to observe holidays such as Diwali, Phagwah, Maha Shivratri, Hanuman Jayanti, Ram Navami, Navratri, Vijayadashami, Krishna Janmashtami, Radhastami, Saraswati Jayanti, Raksha Bandhan, Guru Purnima, Ganesh Chaturthi, Kalbhairo Jayanti, Kartik Snan, Vivaha Panchami, Mesha Sankranti, Makar Sankranti, Tulsi Vivah, Gita Jayanti, Datta Jayanti and Ratha Yatra, among others, while Indo-Guyanese Muslims observe the fast in the month of Ramadan as well as observing Eid ul-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Hosay (Ashura), Shab-e-barat, Mawlid, Chaand Raat and the Islamic New Year. Indo-Guyanese Christians celebrate holidays such as New Year's, Christmas, Easter, Good Friday, Ash Wednesday, All Saints' Day and the Feast of Corpus Christi, among others and depending on their denomination. Through colonial influence, celebrating holidays such as Diwali, Phagwah, Eid ul-Fitr, Hosay, New Year's, Christmas, and Easter, is common regardless of religious beliefs. In Guyana, Indian Arrival Day is celebrated on May 5 commemorating the first arrival of indentured servants from India to the country, on 5 May 1838. On this day, the workers arrived to work in sugar plantations. Indo-Guyanese also celebrate Guyanese national holidays such as Independence Day and Republic Day.

Marriage
There is no "preferential marriages between kin" among Indo-Guyanese, nor much significance tied to marriage outside of ones religion or caste compared to other Indian diasporic groups. The duty of parents to provide the wedding for their children demonstrated "respectability and prestige" and while children generally had some say in who they married, they looked to their parents to "arrange for the rituals and meet the necessary expenses." The wedding of the first child is generally the largest and most opulent, becoming reduced and more economized for subsequent children. Parents may exaggerate the expenses put into these weddings, which are mainly on "clothes, food and drink", and dowry depending on the family and era. Weddings are qualified by the number of people fed, and a basic meal of roti, rice and a vegetable curry is considered the bare minimum.

Among Hindus and Muslims, arranged, comparatively early marriages were common in rural areas until the modern period (early 1960s); however, they are rare now. Middle-class Indians had greater freedom in choosing a spouse, especially if the woman was a professional. As in most parts of the western world marriage now occurs later, and the family unit is smaller than in the past. Indo Guyanese families are patriarchal with an extended system, where family members assist each other, like many other groups in Guyana.

Cuisine
With the blending of cultures in the Caribbean, Indo-Caribbean dishes became one of the dominant notes throughout most of the English Caribbean, with dishes such as curry, roti and dhal bhat (dhal and rice). Indo-Guyanese snacks include sal sev (also called chicken foot due to appearance, although there is no actual meat in it), gantia, plantain chips, roasted nuts, and fried channa. Appetizers and street foods include boil and fried or curried channa as well as bara, wrap roti, pholourie, and aloo (potato) or cassava/egg ball which are served with a chutney or sour. The rotis that Indo-Guyanese typically eat are paratha, dhalpuri, sada roti, dosti roti, aloo roti, and puri. Murgatani (Mulligatawny) and rasam are popular soups in Guyana of South Indian origin. Dosa (dosay or chota) is a filled crepe that is eaten by Indo-Guyanese and is of South Indian origin as well.

The main dishes at Hindu wedding, festivals, and prayer services are known as seven curry and consist of seven vegetarian curries: aloo and channa curry, eddoes (aruwi) curry, mango curry, baigan/boulanger (balanjay) curry, katahar curry, pumpkin or kohra (fried or curried), and bhaji (made with young malabar spinach, moringa, spinach or spiny amaranth leaves) served with dhal bhat (dhal and rice) or karhi and rice. Seven curry is also served with paratha or dhalpuri roti. Individual curries of seven curry are also consumed on a daily basis by Indo-Guyanese as a main dish. Meat and seafood based main dishes include chicken, duck, goat, lamb, fish (especially hassa, gilbaka, banga mary, butterfish, houri, haimara, cuffum, cuirass, lukanani, patwa, pakoo, red snapper, as well as tinned salmon, tuna, and sardine), shrimp, crab, lobster, pork (except Muslims and some Hindus) and beef (except Hindus) curry or bunjal (a type of dried curry). Fried chicken, fish, and shrimp are also eaten as a main dish along with dhal and rice. Khichri is also a popular quick dish that was seen as a staple in the days of indentureship. In Guyana, among the Indo-Guyanese people, it is popular to eat curried or fried vegetables such as okra, eddoe, breadnut, lablab beans, pumpkin, bitter melon, drumstick, long beans, calabash, potato, ridged gourd, sponged gourd, cassava, cabbage, cauliflower, green banana, green papaya, chickpeas, and eggplant. Roti or dhal bhat (dhal and rice) is always served along with any curry or fried dish.

Chokhas are also a popular breakfast and lunch dish among the Indo-Guyanese and prepared by roasting vegetables that are skinned after roasting, and then garlic, onions, and peppers are chaunkay-ed or tempered in oil and added to the mashed roasted vegetable and salt is added after. Popular chokhas include baigan/boulanger (balanjay)/eggplant, tomatoes, and coconut. Chokhas are usually served with sada roti. Fish and shrimp are also used to make chokha.

Desserts include gulab jamun, mohanbhog (parsad), gurma (gurumba), ladoo, mithai, panjeeri, jalebi, gulgula, doodhpitty, barfi, pera, halwa, gujiya (goja), roat, sirnie, lapsi, vermicelli (sawine), and kheer (meetha bhat/sweet rice).

Indo-Guyanese have also adopted other dishes from other cultural groups such as stews, pepperpot, ground provisions, bake and saltfish, sardines and bread, fried chicken, metemgee, chicken soup, cook-up rice, chow mein, lo mein, fried rice, pepper shrimp, and chicken in de' ruff. Guyanese breads, pastries, cakes, and frozen treats are also popular among Indo-Guyanese, such as patties, pine tart, butterflap, tennis roll, fried bake, cassava bread, plait bread, cheese roll, black bean (chiney) cake, cassava or pumpkin pone, salara, coconut buns, black cake (rum cake), lime cookies, custard, fudge, snow cone, ice cream, and custard block (ice block).

Entertainment
Bollywood movies and songs have had an impact upon the Guyanese pop culture since the early 1950s. Many Bollywood stars have visited and performed in Guyana like megastars Shah Rukh Khan, Juhi Chawla, and Preity Zinta, also very popular singers such as Sonu Nigam, Asha Bhosle, Alka Yagnik, Shreya Ghoshal, Udit Narayan, Sunidhi Chauhan, Kumar Sanu, Hari Om Sharan, and Anup Jalota have had very successful shows in Guyana. In 1980, Lata Mangeshkar was greeted with crowds of fans and was presented with the key of the city of Georgetown, Guyana on her visit. Indian soap operas and dance and music shows have recently grown in popularity in Guyana due to channels such as Zee TV, StarPlus, Sony Entertainment Television, and Colors TV. The most popular genres of music among Indo-Guyanese people include chutney, chutney soca, baithak gana, bhajan, Bollywood, Indian classical music, Indian folk music, soca, calypso, reggae, and dancehall. Popular local Indo-Caribbean singers include Sundar Popo, Terry Gajraj, Ramdew Chaitoe, Dropati, Ravi Bissambhar, Rakesh Yankaran, Rikki Jai, Drupatee Ramgoonai, and Babla & Kanchan. Indian instrumental influence can be seen in Guyana through the use of the tabla, harmonium, dholak, dhantal, manjira, sitar, khartal, and tassa drums.

Literature
Indo-Guyanese literature includes novels, poetry, plays and other forms written by people born or strongly affiliated with Guyana, who are descendants of indentured Indian servants. As a former British colony, English language and style had an enduring impact on the writings from Guyana, which are done in English language and utilizing Guyanese Creole. Notable writers include Joseph Ruhomon and Shana Yardan.

Return to India
After India gained its independence in 1947, many labourers of Indian origin in British Guiana and other Caribbean colonies like Trinidad and Tobago and Jamaica wanted to return to India. In particular, some returned for religious reasons, including the spiritual importance of the Ganges River and other Hindu pilgrimage sites. Among the returnees were people who had lived in the Caribbean for over 60 years, with family and grandchildren born abroad. Of these countries, only British Guiana chartered a ship for the returnees.

The Indo-Guyanese who remained in India settled in villages and in cities like Prayagraj, Varanasi, Lucknow, Kanpur, Basti, Gorakhpur, Azamgarh, Ballia, Chhapra, Faizabad, Patna, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, and Kolkata.

title: Indo-Guyanese


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Talk:Hurricane Emily

Shouldn't we move the main article back here? It is way too early to tell what will happen with Emily. At the most, it should be at Hurricane Emily (2005). CrazyC83 03:33, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll start an article called "Tropical Depression Five"...if it becomes a tropical storm I'll call it "Tropical Storm Emily"..if it becomes a hurricane I'll move it to "Hurricane Emily (2005)" or just "Hurricane Emily". Revolución 18:16, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * For the love of Jimbo, no. Don't do that. Please. --Golbez 18:31, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually the disambig (which this page is) will be moving to TS Emily in the near future (Emily was used in S Hemisphere).--Nilfanion (talk) 20:09, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Move. —Wknight94 (talk) 00:34, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

Requested move
Hurricane Emily (disambiguation) → Hurricane Emily – "Hurricane Emily" redirects to the disambiguation page. With this in mind, we might as well cut out the middleman and just place this dab page directly on the "Hurricane Emily" title. SchuminWeb (Talk) 01:32, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

Survey
Add "* Support" or "* Oppose" followed by an optional one-sentence explanation, then sign your opinion with ~
 * Support per nom. Recury 16:39, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

Discussion
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Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Hurricane Emily (2005) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:00, 25 February 2017 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Hurricane Emily (2005) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 09:30, 17 April 2023 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Hurricane Emily


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User:Who/Discussion log/April 2005

Changing merge templates
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title: User:Who/Discussion log/April 2005


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User talk:Bashmohandes

Mohammed Hossam Eldin or [Bashmohandes] or [BMS], they are all refering to the same person, I'm 21 Years Old, When writing these lines on July, 11th 2005, Muslim, Egyptian. I've graduated from Faculty Of Engineering Computer Engineering Department Cairo University. I Like Sports, Movies and Computers, I love my family, friends and all my group, Special thanks to every one read these lines. Thanks and See you. Salam

Mohammed Hossam Bashmohandes@Gmail.com

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Barrenjoey High School

Barrenjoey High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located in Avalon Beach, a suburb in the Northern Beaches of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 1968, the school catered for approximately 831 students in 2023, from Year 7 to Year 12, including less than one percent of whom identified as Indigenous Australians and 14 percent were from a language background other than English. The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education; the principal is Mark Robinson.

Overview
The first student intake was in 1968 with a single grade (known at the time as 'Form 1') which formally graduated from the school in 1973. The inaugural graduating year of 1973 remains close-knit and has recently held a reunion with an outstanding number of students in attendance (more than 70, close to 40 years after last seeing each other).

The location of the school right at the beach lends itself to many curricular and non-curricular beach activities.

Over ensuing years, the school has grown in enrolments to its current level, necessitating expansion of the campus and construction of additional facilities.

Barrenjoey's feeder primary schools include Avalon Public School, Bilgola Plateau Public School and a few other schools in the local area.

House system
In 2009, Barrenjoey High School introduced the house system. Students are placed into one of the four houses in Year 7. The houses are made up in alphabetical order, according to students last name. The four houses are named Maluka (blue), Akuna (yellow), Iluka (red) and Tingara (green). Students can win 'house points' through various activities including receiving merit certificates and participating in school carnivals. But, by the end of 2018, this system had been terminated. The System was reinstated in 2023.

Community involvement
Barrenjoey High School is actively involved in the Avalon community. The SRC chooses a charity each year to support. Various teachers have participated in Movember in 2014 and 2015, raising over $2,700 towards prostate cancer and testicular cancer research. Their team is called Barrenmoey

Notable alumni

 * The Rionsindie rock band
 * Nina Curtissailor and silver medalist at the 2012 Summer Olympics
 * Chelsea Georgesonworld surfing champion
 * Sam Harrisrugby union and rugby league player; played with the NSW Waratahs, Manly Sea Eagles and Wests Tigers
 * Ben Playerworld champion bodyboarder
 * Angus Stonemusician
 * Julia Stonemusician
 * Wendy Sharpeartist and winner of the 1996 Archibald Prize
 * Paula TretkoffProfessor of Mathematics at Texas A&M
 * Sam Verrillsrugby league player

title: Barrenjoey High School


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Ramos

Ramos is a surname of Spanish and Portuguese origin that means "bouquets" or "branches". Notable people with the surname include:

 * Adrián Ramos (born 1986), Colombian footballer
 * Aldrech Ramos (born 1988), Filipino basketball player
 * Alejandra Ramos (born 1958), Chilean middle distance runner
 * Alessandra Ramos Makkeda (1981–2022), Brazilian human rights activist
 * Alex Ramos (born 1961), American boxer
 * Anthony Ramos (born 1991), American actor and singer
 * Antonio J. Ramos (born 1947), Puerto Rican United States Air Force officer
 * Ariel Ramos (born 1971), Cuban wrestler
 * Aurelia Ramos de Segarra (1860-1927), Uruguayan philanthropist
 * Bartolomeo Ramos (c. 1440 – 1522), Spanish mathematician, music theorist, and composer
 * Benito Ramos (1913–?), Mexican fencer
 * Benjamin Ramos (born 1956), Puerto Rican politician
 * Bryan Ramos (baseball) (born 2002), Cuban baseball player
 * Cássio Ramos (born 1987), Brazilian football goalkeeper
 * Cesar Ramos (disambiguation), multiple people
 * Chris Ramos (born 1997), Spanish footballer
 * Chucho Ramos (1918–1977), Venezuelan baseball player
 * Cláudio Ramos (born 1991), Portuguese football goalkeeper
 * Dan Ramos (1981–2023), American politician
 * Daniel Ramos (born 1970), Portuguese football manager
 * Daniel Ramos (disambiguation), several people
 * Davi Ramos (born 1986), Brazilian mixed martial artist
 * Diego Ramos (born 1972), Argentine actor
 * Eduardo Ramos (racing driver) (born 1966), Argentine racing driver
 * Eliana Ramos (1988–2007), Uruguayan model
 * Fanny Ramos (born 1995), French kickboxer
 * Fidel V. Ramos (19282022), 12th President of the Philippines
 * Gonçalo Ramos (born 2001), Portuguese footballer
 * Heliot Ramos (born 1999), Puerto Rican baseball player
 * Henry Ramos (disambiguation), multiple people
 * Humberto Ramos (born 1949), Brazilian footballer and manager
 * Humberto Ramos (born 1970), Mexican comic book artist
 * Ildefonso Ramos Mexía (1769–1854), Argentine statesman
 * Ignacio Ramos (born 1969), US border patrol agent
 * Ivone Ramos (1926–2018), Cape Verdean writer
 * Jesús "Aguaje" Ramos (born 1951), Cuban trombonist
 * Jorge Ramos (news anchor) (born 1958), Mexican journalist and author
 * Jorge L. Ramos (born 1950), Puerto Rican Telemundo news anchor
 * José Antonio Ramos Sucre (1890–1930), Venezuelan poet, professor, diplomat and scholar
 * José Luis Ramos (1790–1849), Venezuelan writer and politician
 * José María Ramos Mejía (1849–1914), Argentine politician and historian
 * Juande Ramos (born 1954), Spanish footballer and manager
 * Julia Ramos (born 1963), Bolivian nurse and politician
 * Julio Ramos (1935–2006), Argentine journalist and businessman
 * Khalil Ramos (born 1996), Filipino actor and singer
 * Kid Ramos (born 1959), American electric blues and blues rock guitarist, singer and songwriter
 * Lázaro Ramos (born 1978), Brazilian actor, television presenter, director, writer, and voice actor
 * Leonardo Ramos (footballer, born 1989), Argentine striker
 * Luis Antonio Ramos (born 1973), Puerto Rican-American actor
 * Luis Rosendo Ramos (born 1957), Mexican road bicycle racer
 * Luisel Ramos (1984–2006), Uruguayan model
 * Marcelo Ramos (born 1973), Brazilian footballer
 * Marcelo Ramos (born 1972), Uruguayan footballer
 * María Cristina Ramos (born 1952), Argentine writer and educator
 * Martín Ramos (born 1991), Argentine volleyball player
 * Mel Ramos (1935–2018), American figurative painter
 * Mike Ramos (decathlete) (born 1962), American decathlete
 * Nathalia Ramos (born 1992), Spanish actress and singer
 * Olga Ramos (1962-2022), Venezuelan activist, professor and researcher.
 * Ozzie Ramos (born 1996), American soccer player
 * Patricio Peralta Ramos (1814–1887), Argentine businessman and landowner
 * Pedro Senatore Ramos (born 1968), Ecuadorian football (soccer) referee
 * Pedro Ramos (born 1935), Cuban baseball player
 * Rafael Ramos (born 1965), Puerto Rican boxer
 * Rico Ramos (born 1987), American boxer
 * Rhian Ramos (born 1990), Filipino actress
 * Ruy Ramos (born 1957), Brazilian-Japanese football (soccer) player
 * Salvador Rolando Ramos (2004–2022), American mass murderer and perpetrator of the 2022 Robb Elementary School shooting
 * Santiago Ramos Mingo (born 2001), Argentine footballer
 * Sarah Ramos (born 1991), American actress
 * Sergio Ramos (born 1986), Spanish footballer
 * Tab Ramos (born 1966), American soccer player, born in Uruguay
 * Tania Ramos González (born 1971), Puerto Rican author and academic
 * Thomas Ramos (born 1995), French rugby union player
 * Thomas Ramos (born 1992), American soccer player
 * Tony Ramos, Brazilian actor
 * Verónica Ramos, Bolivian economist, professor, and politician
 * Víctor Alberto Ramos (born 1945), Argentine geologist
 * Víctor Ramos (footballer, born 1958), Argentine striker
 * Wendell Ramos (born 1978), Filipino actor
 * Will Ramos (born 1993 or 1994), American vocalist
 * Wilson Ramos (born 1987), Venezuelan baseball player

Fictional Characters

 * Nick Ramos, protagonist from the 2013 videogame Dead Rising 3

title: Ramos


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Alex Barros

Alexandre Barros (born October 18, 1970) is a Brazilian former professional motorcycle road racer who is a 7-time 500cc/MotoGP race winner and also a race winner in Superbike World Championship. After a long Grand Prix career, in 2006 he moved to the Superbike World Championship. He returned to MotoGP for 2007, but retired by the end of the season.

Early career
Barros started racing motorcycles at the age of 8, when he won on his debut in the Brazilian minibike championship. In the next two years, he was twice Brazilian moped champion. In 1981, he was the Brazilian 50cc Champion, and in 1985 he won the title of Brazilian's 250cc category. The year of 1986 saw his international début in the 80cc category—he lied about his age so he could race at the Spanish Grand Prix at the age of 15. He finished the championship in sixteenth place, scoring 6 points. In 1987, he also raced the 80cc championship, finishing seventeenth, scoring 8 points.

250cc World Championship
In 1988, Barros made his first race on the World Championship 250cc category, scoring no points. That same year, he was 3rd in the Latin American circuit of that same class. The next year, he finished 18th in the World Championship, scoring 30 points.

500cc & MotoGP World Championship
In 1990, Alex Barros was the youngest rider in history to join the top motorcycling category, the 500cc, at the age of 20. In his first year, he was 12th overall, with 57 points. Notable results included 8th in the United States and Germany, and 5th in the Belgium Grand Prix. Two years later, his first podium: a third place in the Netherlands.

The year of 1993 saw his breakthrough as he joined the Suzuki team. After qualifying third in the US Grand Prix, Barros had his first victory in Spain, finishing that year's world championship in sixth place. His teammate Kevin Schwantz was that year's champion. The following year, Barros scored in all but one of the races. 1996 saw his best performance yet, finishing the championship at fourth, a feat he repeated in 2000, 2001 and 2002. His win at Mugello in 2001, was the latest by a rider other than Valentino Rossi until 2009. In 2002, the first of MotoGP (with engine displacement capacity increased to up to 990cc) he scored 204 points and won races in Pacific and Valencia, eleven points behind  second place. 2003 was a difficult one for Barros due to injuries, but in 2004, he once again finished the championship in fourth, in a season dominated by Valentino Rossi, Sete Gibernau and Max Biaggi. In 2005, Barros returned to the top of the podium in Portugal, however he did not mount a lasting championship challenge, and was not offered a ride for 2006. He returned to MotoGP in 2007, riding a Ducati GP7 for Pramac d'Antin. In pre-season testing he matched the factory Ducatis, and at midseason he was ahead of the factory rider Loris Capirossi. He came third at Mugello (ahead of Stoner) and fourth at Istanbul Park.

Superbike World Championship
For he was hired by the Klaffi Honda team in the Superbike World Championship (WSBK), paying around £100,000 of his own money to fund the ride. After a satisfactory debut weekend with two top 10 finishes, he took a pair of podium finishes at Round 2 in Phillip Island, and a second and a fourth in round four at Monza. At Brands Hatch he failed to qualify for Superpole, but bounced back from 18th on the grid to take a pair of top 10 finishes. The wet meeting at Assen was a disappointment for Barros, especially as he is a wet-weather expert.

His season was characterised by poor starts, but despite this he ended the season as the second highest Honda rider in the championship in sixth place, behind former champion James Toseland. At Imola he took his only WSBK win, and followed it with a second place in race 2.

Brazilian Superbike
After retiring from Motogp, Alex Barros is still actively racing. He is still competitive and has won several victories in the Brazilian SuperBike Championship.

Alex won the 2016 Brazilian SuperBike final riding a BMW S1000RR. Alex is known as the owner of the BMW Motorrad Alex Barros Racing Team which he formed after retiring from the world of MotoGP racing, his last work in the 2007 season. And during the final of the Brazilian Superbike series (BRSBK) he tried to compete in the last series in Sao Paolo.

In the final session of the BMW S1000RR-powered team, the team was once again able to win the championship with four podium finishes. Including when Alex himself, who holds 276 starts in MotoGP, tried to compete in that final. In race 1, Alex was second behind Diego Faustino, the BRSBK champion, and first in race 2 beating Diego by 6.8 seconds. Alex is now in 9th place in the standings after the two races of the final round of the BRSBK.

Until 2019, Alex Barros is still racing in this championship.

Suzuka 8 Hours
In 1999, Barros and Japanese teammate Tadayuki Okada won the Suzuka 8 Hours endurance race riding a Honda RC45 superbike.

Races by year
Points system from 1969 to 1987: Points system from 1988 to 1992: Points system from 1993 onwards:

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Races by year
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

title: Alex Barros


text:
List of Polish rabbis

This is a list of Polish rabbis, who either lived in Poland or were born there.

Hassidism
The rise of Hasidic Judaism within Poland's borders and beyond has had a great influence on the rise of neo-Haredi Judaism all over the world, with a continuous influence that has been felt from the inception of the Hasidic movements and its dynasties by famous rebbes until the present time. The following are noteworthy:

 * Aleksander Hasidism
 * Belz Hasidism
 * Bobov Hasidism
 * Ger Hasidism
 * Nadvorna Hasidism
 * Sassov Hasidism

Polish Rabbis
Some famous Polish and Polish-born rabbis include:

 * Avraham Mordechai Alter, 4th Gerer Rebbe (the Imrei Emes)
 * Pinchas Menachem Alter, 7th Gerer Rebbe (the Pnei Menachem)
 * Simcha Bunim Alter, 6th Gerer Rebbe (the Lev Simchah)
 * Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter, 3rd Gerer Rebbe (the Sfas Emes)
 * Yaakov Aryeh Alter, 8th (and current) Gerer Rebbe
 * Yitzchak Meir Alter, 1st Gerer Rebbe (the Chidushei HaRim)
 * Baruch Ashlag
 * Yehuda Ashlag
 * Zvi Hirsch Chajes
 * Avraham Danzig
 * Elimelech of Lizhensk
 * Joshua Falk
 * Yaakov Gesundheit
 * Avraham Gombiner
 * Kalonymus Haberkasten
 * Yitzchok Hutner
 * Pinchas Menachem Justman (the Sifsei Tzadik)
 * Yisrael Meir Lau (later Chief Rabbi of Israel)
 * Menachem Mendel of Kotzk
 * Shlomo Hakohen Rabinowicz, first Radomsker Rebbe
 * Shlomo Chanoch Hakohen Rabinowicz, fourth Radomsker Rebbe
 * Shalom Rokeach of Belz
 * Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin

Rabbis philosophers born on Posen, West Prussia, etc

 * Ismar Elbogen
 * Abraham Joshua Heschel
 * Samuel Holdheim
 * Kaufmann Kohler
 * Moritz Lazarus
 * Hermann Tietz (rabbi)
 * Joseph Case

 *  See also List of German Jews;

Rabbis and philosophers born in Austrian Galicia

 * Rabbi Jacob Avigdor
 * Rabbi Salo Wittmayer Baron
 * Salomon Buber
 * Zwi Perez Chajes
 * Rebbe Aharon Rokeach of Belz
 * Rebbe Shalom Rokeach of Belz
 * Rebbe Yissachar Dov Rokeach of Belz
 * Friedrich Weinreb

 *  See also List of Austrian Jews;

Rabbis philosophers born on Silesia, Brandenburg, Pomerania & Eastern Prussia

 * See List of German Jews;

title: List of Polish rabbis


text:
San Clemente (disambiguation)

San Clemente is a city in Southern California in the United States.

San Clemente may also refer to:

Argentina

 * San Clemente del Tuyú, a town in the Partido de la Costa district of the Province of Buenos Aires

Chile

 * San Clemente, Chile, a city and commune administered by the municipality of San Clemente, located in the Talca Province, in the Maule Region

Ecuador

 * San Clemente, Ecuador, a coastal village located in the province of Manabí
 * San Clemente Island (Galápagos), a former name of Santa Cruz Island in the Galápagos

Italy

 * San Clemente, Emilia-Romagna, a comune in the province of Rimini, in the region Emilia-Romagna
 * Basilica di San Clemente, a Roman Catholic minor basilica dedicated to Pope Clement I located in Rome
 * Isola di San Clemente, a small island in the Venetian Lagoon
 * San Clemente, Padua, the Piazza dei Signori in Padua
 * Palazzo di San Clemente, a residential palace in Florence
 * San Clemente, Brescia, an ancient church located in central Brescia, near the Piazza del Foro, Italy
 * Abbey of San Clemente a Casauria, an abbey in Castiglione a Casauria, in the province of Pescara, Abruzzo, central Italy
 * Abbey of San Clemente al Volmano, in the province of Teramo, Abruzzo

Peru

 * San Clemente District, one of eight districts of the province Pisco

Philippines

 * San Clemente, Tarlac, a fifth class municipality in the province of Tarlac

Spain

 * San Clemente, Cuenca, a municipality in the province of Cuenca, in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha
 * Cuevas de San Clemente, a municipality in the province of Burgos, in the autonomous community of Castile and León
 * San Clemente (Ibias), one of eleven parishes (administrative divisions) in the municipality of Ibias, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias
 * San Clemente Dormitory, a public dormitory, depending on the University of Santiago de Compostela, located in the city of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
 * San Clemente Reservoir, a reservoir in Huéscar, province of Granada, Andalusia, Spain

United States

 * San Clemente State Beach
 * San Clemente Island, California
 * San Clemente Island Air Force Station
 * San Clemente Canyon, San Diego, California
 * San Clemente Dam, Monterey County, California
 * San Clemente station, Los Angeles, California

Other uses

 * San Clemente Handicap, an American horse race
 * San Clemente loggerhead shrike, a bird subspecies endemic to San Clemente Island, California
 * San Clemente High School (disambiguation), various high schools

title: San Clemente (disambiguation)


text:
Morris and Essex Railroad

The Morris and Essex Railroad was a railroad across northern New Jersey, later part of the main line of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad.

History
The M&E was incorporated January 29, 1835, to build a line from Newark in Essex County west to and beyond Morristown in Morris County. The first section, from Newark west to Orange, opened on November 19, 1836. Under an agreement signed on October 21, the New Jersey Rail Road provided connecting service from Newark east to Jersey City via the Bergen Hill Cut. The original connection between the two lines was in downtown Newark; the M&E turned south on Broad Street to meet a branch of the NJRR at Market Street. Service to Paulus Hook in what is today Jersey City commenced on October 14, 1836 and passengers could transfer to the Jersey City Ferry and cross to lower Manhattan at the nearby ferry slips.

On January 1, 1838, the M&E was extended their route to Morristown. On October 29 of that year, an agreement was signed to move the NJRR connection to the foot of Centre Street (via the northeast side of Park Place, to the NJRR alignment along the Passaic River), and the track on Broad Street was removed. Through car service began August 1, 1843, with horse power used along the streets, between Broad Street station and the foot of Centre Street.

Continuations opened west to Dover on July 31, 1848, Hackettstown in January 1854, and the full distance to Phillipsburg in 1866.

A new alignment, including a bridge over the Passaic River, was built by the NJRR and opened on August 5, 1854, ending at East Newark Junction with the NJRR main line in Harrison. This eliminated the street running in downtown Newark; those tracks were removed the next year after a lawsuit was filed by Newark.

On March 6, 1857, a supplement to the M&E charter was passed, authorizing it to buy the new alignment (until then owned by the NJRR as their East Newark Branch) and build a new line to Jersey City, as long as it passed under Bergen Hill in a tunnel. With this authority, the M&E became important as a possible competitor to the NJRR, and began negotiations with the Camden and Amboy Railroad. The New Brunswick, Millburn and Orange Railroad was proposed as a connection between the two, allowing for a C&A route to Jersey City without using the NJRR.

The Hoboken Land and Improvement Company operated a ferry across the Hudson River between Hoboken and New York City. Until early 1859 the NJRR paid the HL&I for the business that instead used the NJRR ferry. Because of this, the HL&I decided to help the M&E by building their new alignment, using the New York and Erie Railroad's Long Dock Tunnel. To use the Erie's tunnel a supplement to their charter was needed; this was passed March 8, 1860 after arguments against the bill from the NJRR. Another legal obstacle was the NJRR's monopoly over bridges, granted to the Passaic and Hackensack Bridge Company, invalidated by the state in 1861. The first excursion train operated on the new alignment on November 14, 1862, but a contract required the M&E to continue using the NJRR until October 13, 1863. The next day, regular service began via the new alignment.

On November 1, 1865, the Atlantic and Great Western Railway leased the M&E as part of its planned route to the west. However, the A&GW went bankrupt in 1867 and the lease was cancelled. The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad leased the M&E on December 10, 1868, connecting to their Warren Railroad at Washington.

In 1868 the Morris & Essex leased the Newark and Bloomfield Railroad, which connected Roseville Avenue to Bloomfield and Montclair, then West Bloomfield.

In 1876 the new tunnel under Bergen Hill opened, after hostilities including a frog war in late 1870 and early 1871, caused by the M&E's attempts to modify the connection between their Boonton Branch, a newer freight bypass, and the Erie tunnel.

The DL&W built the New Jersey Cut-Off, a long low-grade bypass in northwestern New Jersey, opened in 1911 from the M&E at Port Morris west to Slateford Junction just inside Pennsylvania.

On July 26, 1945 the M&E was formally merged into the DL&W. However it remained the Morris and Essex Division, and even today New Jersey Transit calls it the Morris and Essex Lines. In 1960 the DL&W merged with the Erie Railroad to form the Erie-Lackawanna Railroad, becoming part of Conrail in 1976.

Stations

 * 1) New York (Foot of Barclay Street)
 * 2) New York (Foot of Christopher Street) (ferry)
 * 3) Hoboken (MP 1.25) (ferry)
 * 4) West End (MP 3.25)
 * 5) Seaboard (MP 5)
 * 6) Kearny Junction (MP7.0)
 * 7) Harrison (MP 9)
 * 8) Newark (MP 10) – Junction Newark and Bloomfield Railway
 * 9) Roseville, Avenue (MP 11.0)
 * 10) East Orange (MP 12)
 * 11) Brick Church (MP 13)
 * 12) Orange (MP 13)
 * 13) Highland Avenue, Orange (MP 14)
 * 14) Mountain Station, South Orange (MP 15)
 * 15) South Orange (MP 16)
 * 16) Maplewood (MP 17)
 * 17) Millburn (MP 19)
 * 18) Short Hills (MP 20)
 * 19) Summit (MP 22)
 * 20) Chatham (MP 26)
 * 21) Madison (MP 28)
 * 22) Convent (MP 30)
 * 23) Morristown (MP 32) – Junction with Morristown & Erie Railway
 * 24) Morris Plains (MP 34)
 * 25) Mount Tabor (MP 38)
 * 26) Denville (MP 38) – Junction with Boonton Branch
 * 27) Rockaway (MP 40)
 * 28) Dover (MP 43)
 * 29) Wharton (MP 44)
 * 30) Chester Junction (MP 45) – Junction with Chester Railroad
 * 31) Lake Junction (MP 45) – Junction with Central Railroad of New Jersey
 * 32) Mount Arlington (MP 47)
 * 33) Drakesville (MP 48)
 * 34) Lake Hopatcong (MP 49)
 * 35) Port Morris Junction (MP 50)
 * 36) Port Morris (MP 51)
 * 37) Sussex Branch Junction (MP 53)
 * 38) Netcong/Stanhope (MP 53)
 * 39) Waterloo (MP 56) – Junction with Sussex Railroad of New Jersey
 * 40) Hacketttstown (MP 62)
 * 41) Port Murray (MP 67)
 * 42) Washington (MP 71) – Junction with Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad
 * 43) Broadway (MP 76)
 * 44) Stewartsville (MP 80)
 * 45) Phillipsburg Union Station (MP 85)
 * 46) Easton (MP 85), – Junction with Lehigh Valley Railroad, Central Railroad of New Jersey, and the Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad

Branches
The Boonton Branch was first built as a short branch from the main line at Denville east to Boonton. It was later extended much further east toward Paterson and then south to return to the main line at the west end of Bergen Hill; this opened on September 17, 1870. A realignment was later built at the west end, bypassing Denville and some curves, for a shortcut of both the branch and the main line. In 1903 the Kingsland Tunnel opened as part of a short realignment at Kingsland. The Harrison Cut-off was built in the 1920s as a connection from the Boonton Branch at Kingsland south to the main line in Kearny.
 * Boonton

The Morris and Essex Extension Railroad was chartered in 1889 and opened later that year, connecting the Boonton Branch to Paterson.
 * Paterson

The Newark and Bloomfield Railroad was chartered in 1852 and opened in 1855 as a short branch from the main line at Roseville Avenue/Bloomfield Junction northwest to Montclair via Bloomfield. It was built by the M&E and mostly owned by them. The M&E leased it on April 1, 1868.
 * Montclair

The Gladstone Branch was the only completed part of the New Jersey West Line Railroad, a failed plan to build a new line across the state. The actually-constructed portion went from Summit on the M&E west to Bernardsville, and it was soon renamed the Passaic and Delaware Railroad. The DL&W leased it on November 1, 1882 as a branch of the M&E. The Passaic and Delaware Extension Railroad was chartered in 1890 and opened later that year, extending the line to Gladstone.
 * Gladstone

 * Morris Plains

The Chester Railroad was incorporated in 1867 and opened in 1872, running from the M&E west of Dover southwest to Chester.
 * Chester

The short Hopatcong Railroad was a branch from the M&E at Hopatcong north to Roxbury. The DL&W bought it in 1892.
 * Hopatcong

The Sussex Railroad stretched north from the M&E at Waterloo (later Stanhope) to Newton and beyond. The DL&W leased it in 1924.
 * Sussex

title: Morris and Essex Railroad


text:
CCRA

CCRA may refer to:

 * Camp Chase Railway (former reporting code for railroad), Columbus, Ohio, United States
 * Canada Customs and Revenue Agency, a 1999–2003 Canadian government body
 * Center City Residents' Association, an organization in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
 * Certified Clinical Research Associate, an accreditation obtained through the Association of Clinical Research Professionals
 * Climate Change Risk Assessment, an exercise & report by the UK Government
 * Common Criteria Recognition Arrangement, an international mutual recognition arrangement

title: CCRA


text:
San Manuel

San Manuel may refer to the following:

Places

 * Argentina
 * San Manuel, Buenos Aires, a settlement in Lobería Partido

 * Honduras
 * San Manuel, Cortés

 * Philippines
 * San Manuel, Isabela
 * San Manuel, Pangasinan
 * San Manuel, Tarlac

 * United States
 * San Manuel, Arizona

People

 * San Manuel Band of Mission Indians, a Serrano tribe in southern California

title: San Manuel


text:
Christine Devine

Christine Devine (born November 2, 1965) is an American television news anchor based in Los Angeles. She can be seen weeknights on KTTV's Fox 11 News. She has won 16 Emmys, including the prestigious Governors Award. Six Emmys were for Best Newscast.

Early life and education
Devine was born in Hamburg, New York, and grew up in Arizona. She graduated from Arizona State University in 1987 and began her career as a reporter in her home state before joining KTTV. She is in the Walter Cronkite School of Broadcast Journalism's Hall of Fame, and received ASU's Founders Day Alumni Achievement award. She attended on the Leadership Scholarship. She is currently on the Alumni Association board. In 2021 she received an honorary doctorate at Cal State LA Commencement.

Devine attended Tolleson Union High School in Tolleson, Arizona. She was Valedictorian and was voted "Most Likely to Succeed."

She is of Brazilian and European American ancestry. Her mother married Dr. Jack Devine. He legally adopted her and she changed her name to Christine Devine.

Career
Devine is known for her "Wednesday's Child" adoption segment. Since 1994 she has profiled foster children looking for adoptive homes, resulting in more than 500 adoptions. In 2009, she was honored in Washington, D.C., with a congressional award. She wrote a book on "Wednesday's Child": Finding a Forever Family, A News Anchor's Notebook.

Devine has received the Congressional Coalition's Angels in Adoption award, two Gracie Allen Awards from AWRT (American Women in Radio & Television), the Society of Professional Journalists' Anna Quindlen Award for Community Service, Volunteers of America' Media Volunteer of the Year (LA) award, Child Welfare League of America award and Career Achievement from the Chamber of Commerce. She is in the Arizona State University Alumni Hall of Fame. She has been honored by the LAPD, LA County Board of Supervisors, LA City, and LA County Sheriff's Department.

Devine was a co-chair of The Good News Foundation, a non-profit founded by five LA news anchors/reporters wanting to honor the "good" in Los Angeles GNF helped build a computer lab for homeless children, and a showroom for low-income women to receive free career clothing. It sponsors an apartment at the Downtown Women's Center for homeless women, and a journalism scholarship.

On November 20, 2015, Devine was celebrated at Fox News, having worked there for 25 years.

She has appeared as a reporter in a number of movies and TV series, including 24, Prison Break, Melrose Place, 90210, The Cable Guy, Wag the Dog, Most Wanted, Independence Day.

Personal life
Christine married musician–actor Sean McNabb on September 9, 2016. Both Christine and Sean are active in the community doing charity Harley rides, golf tournaments and public speaking.

title: Christine Devine


text:
Mirta Díaz-Balart

Mirta Francisca de la Caridad Díaz-Balart y Gutiérrez (30 September 1928 – 6 July 2024) was a Cuban woman who was the first wife of Fidel Castro. They married in 1948, had one son together, and divorced in 1955.

Biography
Díaz-Balart was the daughter of América Gutiérrez and Rafael José Díaz-Balart, a prominent politician and mayor of the town of Banes in eastern Cuba. She was a philosophy student at the University of Havana, when she met and married Fidel.

Castro and Díaz-Balart married on 11 October 1948, honeymooned in New York City, and divorced seven years later in 1955 (while Castro was in prison following a failed attack on the Moncada Barracks). They had one child, a son, Fidel Ángel "Fidelito" Castro Díaz-Balart (1949–2018). After the divorce, Castro was not granted custody of their son. Instead, Fidel Jr. was estranged from his father until he stayed with him after a visit in Mexico, prior to his father's return to lead the Cuban Revolution.

In 1956, Díaz-Balart married Emilio Núñez Blanco (1925–2006), the son of a former Cuban Ambassador to the UN, Emilio Núñez Portuondo. They had two daughters, including Mirta Núñez. The family lived at Havana's Tarará beach resort when in Cuba.

Díaz-Balart lived in Madrid with her family after 1959, the year in which Castro's revolution succeeded. She was deprived of the company of her son for many years as he studied in Cuba and the Soviet Union. The Miami Herald claimed in 2000 that she was still living in Spain, and that occasional visits to Cuba were arranged by Raúl Castro, her former brother-in-law. By 2018, the year in which her son Fidelito committed suicide, she was reportedly once again living in Cuba at age 90.

Díaz-Balart was the aunt of anti-Castro U.S. Republican politicians Mario Díaz-Balart and his brother Lincoln Díaz-Balart, as well as TV anchor José Díaz-Balart. She was the sister of the painter Waldo Díaz-Balart and politician Rafael Díaz-Balart.

Díaz-Balart died in Madrid on 6 July 2024, at the age of 95.

title: Mirta Díaz-Balart


text:
User:Spikebrennan

I'm a lawyer who lives in Rosemont, Pennsylvania and works in Philadelphia. My Wikipedia interests include my undergraduate alma mater (the University of Chicago), and the history and geography of southeastern Pennsylvania.

Featured Pictures nominated by me
The following images are Featured Pictures that were nominated by me (although I did not have anything to do with creating them) (link to the nom). As of January 2008, the promotion rate for my nominations is about 44%:

My nominees to FPC that did not pass
The following images were nominated by me for Featured Picture status but the nomination did not pass (explanation noted with link to the nom):

The following photographs were taken by me

Ogunquit River
Ogunquit River in Ogunquit, Maine at high tide and low tide

title: User:Spikebrennan


text:
Khawr Abd Allah

The Khawr Abd Allah (خور عبد الله, ) is today an estuary, but once was the point where the Shatt al-Arab emptied into the Persian Gulf. It is located in southern Iraq and northern Kuwait. Both countries' border divides the lower portion of the estuary, but adjacent to the port of Umm Qasr, the estuary becomes wholly Iraqi. The Shatt al-Arab is now the from which the rivers drain out and is east of the Khawr Abd Allah. As the estuary extends northwestward into Iraq, it changes its name to Khawr az-Zubayr at Umm Qasr. From that point, it links by canal again to the northwest and into the Tigris and Euphrates proper. It forms the northeastern coastline of Jazirat Bubiyan and the northern coastline of Jazirat Warbah. Both of these islands are officially Kuwait.

It has also lent its name to the maritime Khawr Abd Allah Protocols, Kor Abd Allah or KAA Interoperability Protocols, first developed by the British Royal Navy between March and June 2008 during the British command of Combined Task Force 158 in close co-operation with Kuwaiti and Iraqi senior naval personnel and government advisers.

The legally-nonbinding KAA Interoperability Protocols were developed and mediated between the heads of the Kuwaiti and Iraqi navies by Major David Hammond Royal Marines, the British naval barrister and legal advisor to CTF 158 who is now the CEO of the UK charity Human Rights at Sea and separately independently practices law as an English barrister.

The Protocols included the production of the KAA Interoperability Admiralty Chart by Major Hammond and was subsequently distributed to both countries after theybhad been produced by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office. On November 11, 2008, the KAA Protocols were historically signed at Kuwait Naval Base after they had been verbally agreed on board HMS Chatham (F87) on 8 May 2008. The signing saw the first formal meeting of the heads of the respective navies since before the 1991 Gulf War. Subsequently, the success of the legally-nonbinding protocols was reported to the US Congress on January 9, 2009 in the Measuring Stability and Security in Iraq Report. The detail of the text of the KAA Interoperability Protocols has now been made available open source over the Internet from leaked US diplomatic documents.

More recently, the former Head of the Kuwaiti Navy, Major-General Ahmad Yousef Al-Mulla, was invited to speak at the United Kingdom's Royal College of Defence Studies (RCDS) in London on February 1, 2012 on the topic of the Khor Abdallah waterway as part of a lecture covering Kuwaiti-Iraqi maritime boundary interactions and future relations. The lecture was introduced by Lord Astor of Hever John Astor, 3rd Baron Astor of Hever, the United Kingdom government's Parliamentary Under Secretary of State (Ministry of Defense) and the Commandant Royal College of Defence Studies Vice Admiral Charles Style. It was also attended by representatives of the Iraqi embassy in London.

In September 2019, the Kuwaiti newspaper Al Rai allegedly claimed that Iraq submitted a letter of complaint to the UN Secretary General and UN Security Council that accused Kuwait of geographical changes to its maritime border at the Khor Abdullah waterway.

title: Khawr Abd Allah


text:
IProvo

iProvo is the name of the fiber to the home service in Provo, Utah. Provo's backbone connects homes and businesses throughout the city, as well as municipal buildings, schools, power stations, and traffic signals. Construction began in July 2004 and was completed within two years. With the exception of new subdivisions not included in the original build out contract, the fiber optic backbone is available in all areas of the city. The network's fiber optic equipment is manufactured by World Wide Packets.

iProvo was initially operated as a public-private partnership. The city owned and maintained the fiber optic lines and fiber optic equipment, while private companies provided television, telephone, and Internet services to homes and businesses. The network had two service providers: Mstar and Nuvont Communications/Veracity Communications. In 2008, the network was sold to Broadweave Networks. Provo deemed Veracity in default on its contract to buy the network after its security deposit fell below $1.6 million. It was given to Google in 2013 for their Fiber network by the city council.

Development and launch of iProvo
In the late 1990s, a community task force was asked to review the work of technical and business consultants and to explore whether or not the city should build a telecommunication system. After several months of study, the committee recommended that the city move forward with the project.

A phased approach was proposed. Phase I would be the construction of three fiber rings throughout the city for internal city purposes. Phase II would be the Fiber to the Home demonstration project area to be launched in one Provo neighborhood. And Phase III would be a citywide deployment to every resident and business in Provo.

Phase I began in 2001, followed by a successful trial period in Phase II, and a citywide build out in Phase III. By December, 2006, only five months following completion of construction, 8,400 customers had subscribed to services offered over iProvo. The number of customers reached 10,000 in September, 2007.

The wholesale model
At the outset, the recommendations of the community task force contemplated that the city would use what has come to be known as a "retail model." In this model, which is the model used by most municipal utilities across the country, the city delivers services directly to the customer.

But the retail model was challenged by incumbent providers in public settings and at the Utah State Legislature. As a result, iProvo uses what is now known as the "wholesale model." Under this scenario, the city builds the network infrastructure and then opens its network to retailers, who offer services across the network.

Why fiber and not other technologies
The city considered a variety of other technology choices including wireless, broadband over power lines, and hybrid fiber-coax.

Fiber to the home clearly had advantages over hybrid fiber-coax, and a sharp decline in costs during the years from when the city first began to study the technology encouraged the city to build a fiber-to-the-home system. While the equipment on each end of the fiber would need to be changed out at regular intervals, studies showed that fiber technology would ensure a long-term future for the telecommunication project.

The city chose not to use wireless technologies because they are tenuous, affected by weather, and require line of sight between antennas for good connection, which is not always possible. Security was also an issue, and networks are often crowded and result in reduced bandwidth speed.

A fundamental mission of the city was to build infrastructure that would be for the long term and available to all residents. The incumbent regulated carriers had communicated to the city that the Provo market was low on priority lists for receiving a fiber network. The city felt confident that if a municipally owned network was not built that it would be a number of years before fiber technology would be available to Provo.

Financial status
In late 2006, the Reason Foundation, a libertarian think-tank, issued a report characterizing iProvo as financially unstable and ineffective at lowering Internet costs or raising broadband use. Provo responded with a white paper challenging Reason's analysis and stating that any conclusions were premature since the full network had been in place for less than a year. In June 2007, "the Provo Municipal Council voted to add $1.2 million in sales tax revenue to the city's budget for the fiscal year 2008 to help iProvo pay off its debt." Additionally, "[t]he city's most recent projections show that iProvo will not be self-sustaining until at least 2011".

The Reason Foundation updated their analysis of the network on April 16, 2008, and found that iProvo's total losses are likely to exceed $10 million by the end of this fiscal year - and that figure doesn't include the $39.5 million borrowed to launch the project, most of which still needs to be paid back. The Reason Foundation report says Provo "faces the dilemma of continuing to fund iProvo with no break-even point in sight, or it can sell and recoup as much of its investment as it can.

Proposed sale to Broadweave Networks
On May 6, 2008, Mayor Lewis Billings announced a proposed sale of the iProvo network to Broadweave Networks of Lehi, UT. This sale would allow Broadweave to be both the wholesale provider and the sole retail provider. Broadweave will purchase the network for $40.6M though a city-financed loan spread over 19 years. As part of the deal, ownership of the network reverts to the city of Provo should Broadweave become unable to make its payments on the loan. The loan is currently backed by a $6M letter of credit from Sorenson Capital but requires no up-front money on Broadweave's part.

On May 16, 2008, Broadweave Networks announced that it will buy out the current iProvo service providers.

Broadweave was then acquired by Veracity networks which has run the iProvo network since then, after negotiating a series of management contracts with the city of Provo.

Criticism of the proposed sale
Broadweave primarily has experience developing in new developments ("greenfields") whereas Provo is an "overbuild" or "brownfield" development delivering services to existing homes. Broadweave has little experience with sales and marketing since it has not been in competitive markets, something that caused the original exclusive retailer, HomeNet, to end up declaring bankruptcy.

Broadweave currently has less than 1100 customers and reported around 800 customers two years ago.

iProvo has 10,250 customers as of April 2008, nearly 10 times what Broadweave currently serves. The company also has aggressive expansion plans with applications open in Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas. It is also rumored to be purchasing the defunct OEN FTTH system in Houston. Since these are capital-intensive projects, the company runs the possibility of burning through capital too quickly and folding.

Pete Ashdown, owner of XMission, has alleged that the RFP process did not clearly solicit offers to buy the network. Some other residents have also complained that the process has not been subject to enough public scrutiny.

Additional criticism has focused on the fact that Provo would again be responsible for the bond debt should Broadweave fail.

Sale to Google
On April 17, 2013, the city of Provo and Google announced that Google would acquire iProvo's existing networks and make upgrades to reach gigabit per second speeds. Approved by the city council, Provo became the third city to receive Google Fiber, following the installation and operation of Google Fiber in Kansas City (including nearby Olathe, KS) and Austin, TX.

It was revealed Google acquired iProvo for $1, and agreed in exchange for completing installation and offering free 5 Mbit/s internet service to all households or businesses for 7 years, after a $30 setup fee.

title: IProvo


text:
Junshan Yinzhen

Junshan Yinzhen (Standard Chinese pronunciation ) is a yellow tea from Junshan Island of the Hunan Province in China. It is considered to be China's rarest tea and one of the Ten Chinese Famous Teas.

Although the same kind of tea trees are also planted around Dongting Lake, where Junshan Island is located, those teas should not be called Junshan Yinzhen. The tea resembles the White tea Yinzhen known as Bai Hao Yinzhen. Junshan Yinzhen, allegedly the preferred tea of Chairman Mao Zedong, is a rare tea sometimes sold as White tea.

title: Junshan Yinzhen


text:
Talk:Peter Tatchell/Archive 1

Correction
I say that the Polytechnic of North London is now the University of NL on the History page, but it is actually now part of the London Metropolitan University. I should read the pages I link to! The UNL page gives more of the pre-history of the institution than the LMU page, so the link is acccidentally more appropriate.

Philip Cross 03:39, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Just wondering why nothing has been written about the essay by Ken Livingstone in responce to Tatchell's oppinions on Al Quarradary in the critics section
 * Till about 24 hours ago there wasn't a critics' section. I just reorganised the article and added subheadings. I'm not familiar with Ken Livingstone's essay because I don't know very much about Tatchell himself. But feel free to whack in a reference to it! It'd be absolutely super if you had a link to the paper itself too. Happy editing! Wulfilia 20:17, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

This man's views of Jesus are very scary.

Criticism (Underage Sex)
Tatchell has drawn great criticsm from many quarters for his advoaction

I don't like this section for 2 reasons:

1. It doesn't say who the "many quarters" are - who are these undefined people? 2. Tatchell _doesn't_ believe that anyone can have sex with 12 year olds - he believes in stepped ages of consent, which is similar to the law in the Netherlands. --Paul Moloney 01:03, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for putting this in. I've now changed it, having found the 1996 OutRage! press release that Peter gave me at the time. David | Talk 22:43, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Relations with Muslims
There are valid points here, but the writing is disjointed. The whole section needs better (i.e. primary) sources, because too many citations come from one article written by Ken Livingstone, and not from Tatchell's own work. Does anyone want to rewrite and copy-edit this section? BrainyBabe 17:25, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Have had a bit of a go. Needs more work, definitely. David | Talk 17:53, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * good going, thanks. BrainyBabe 18:02, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Irishpunktom, please discuss changes here. The American Nation of Islam is a more specific and useful descriptor than Muslim, which you have changed it back to twice.  See "Divergence from mainstream Islam" within the NoI page.

 * And secondly, in the rebuttal by Peter Akinti, the article you linked to does not show him using the word "insulting", though you have repeatedly reverted my change. That word is the choice of the sub-editor who writes the Guardian headlines, not the columnist.

 * I appreciate your work. Let's keep the article as accurate as possible. BrainyBabe 20:21, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

I thought everyone knew this - Contrary to what Peter Tatchell would have you believe, Malcolm X was Muslim. Upon Converting to Islam (from the Nation of Islam) he became an avid anti-racist. Contrary again to Peter Tatchells piece, the man was almost certainly shot by a member of the nation of Islam. Malcolm X was a Black Muslim, stop changing that. Secondly, re-read the title of the rebuttal. Thats where Insulting comes from, and its a more powerful word than the other two. --Irishpunktom\talk 20:25, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you for engaging on this talk page. I hope we can work together to make this a stronger article. First of all, "I thought everyone knew that" is a dangerous principle to base an encyclopedia on! I did not know that Malcolm X was Muslim (in the sense that I understand the word, ie exclusive of NoI).  I accept that he ended his life that way, but he spent a lot longer as a leader of the Nation of Islam.  The biography on which Tatchell's article is based must cover the whole of his life; perhaps, in the interests of fairness, our fleeting reference should be to both or neither?

 * Secondly, you are correct that the word "insulting" only occurs in the title, and as I have said, that is the choice of the subeditor, not the columnist, and so cannot be attributed to him. Nowhere in the article does Akinti use that word. BrainyBabe 20:44, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Err, well Malcolm X always referred to himself as a "Black Muslim" both before and after conversion to "mainstream" Islam, thats really why I wanted the phrase kept as ‘Black Muslim’ - As for insulting, Fair enough, Insult-I think- is a more powerful word though. --Irishpunktom\talk 20:57, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * First point: a person's self-reference is important, but not necessarily the most important thing in an encyclopedia article, which is a view of how history came to judge the individual in question. In Wikipedia terms, ideally this is a consensus view.  The reason to have any description of Malcolm X in this article about Tatchell is to help the reader "place" him, in other words, to name the thing for which he is most well-known. This article is not about the ins and outs (no pun intended) of Malcolm X's life, but about Tatchell and his work.  Do we agree?

 * Secondly, the word "insult" is not used by Akinti, and it is unfair to ascribe that to him. He uses plenty of descriptive words in his piece -- take your pick, but be fair.

 * Finally, thank you for providing references. BrainyBabe 21:10, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

The Hijab quote
Is on pages 124 and 129 of this pdf (warning, 38.9 MB). Don't know if it has much to do with Peter Tatchell other than that Ken Livingstone used it to attack him. David | Talk 22:24, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Tribune
From the Tribune: The only place I could find it online was:

Human rights campaigners claiming victory after Sir lqbal Sacranie failed to speak, as advertised, at the recent trade union-sponsored Unite Against Fascism (UAF) conference in London. His no-show followed widespread protests against his participation. Sacranie has condemned gay people as immoral, harmful and diseased.

Supported by London Mayor Ken Livingstone, plus five trade unions and the South East Region of the TUC, the UAF conference theme was "Stop the BNP". Why did UAF invite a speaker whose views on homosexuality echo the bigotry of the far Right?

A coalition of Left-wingers, trade unionists, gay activists and progressive Muslims accused Sacranie of parroting the homophobia of the British National Party and argued he was unfit to attend a conference dedicated to fighting neo-Nazi hatred.

Imagine the reaction if BNP leader Nick Griffin said black people were unacceptable and spread disease. The Left would demand his arrest. But when lqbal Saeranie, leader of the Muslim Council of Britain, made similar intolerant remarks about gay people, most of the Left looked the other way.

Sacranie is a hypocrite. While demanding the right to say offensive things about homosexuals, he doesn't want anyone to have the right to say offensive things about Islam. He demands the freedom to be homophobic but is lobbying to curtail the free speech of those who criticise or satirise his religion. The man is a bigot, yet some on the Left embrace him as an ally.

Labour MPs Michael Meacher and Sadiq Khan agreed to share a platform with Sacranie. So did a number of union leaders. All oppose homophobia, but saw no contradiction in boosting the credibility of a Muslim leader who campaigns to deny human rights to gay people.

The National Assembly Against Racism was another sponsor of the UAF conference. It would never share a platform with a racist, but its leader, Lee Jasper, seemed happy to line up with a homophobe. Do some on the Left believe some victims of oppression are more worthy than others? Race and religion are, it seems, at the top of their tainted hierarchy of oppression, while queers and women are at the bottom. They would rather appease homophobes in the Muslim community than defend gay people.

The conference organisers defend their decision to invite Sacranie on the grounds that they want to create the broadest possible alliance against the BNP. But would they argue that creating a broad alliance against climate change or the Iraq war justifies embracing racists?

A broad alliance against the BNP is a good idea. Solidarity with the Muslim community against Islamophobic discrimination is important. But why does most of the Left always chose to ally with reactionary Muslim leaders and never with liberal Muslims? Why didn't the UAF invite progressive Muslim speakers, such as Ziauddin Sardar, Sheikh Dr Muhammad Yusuf or Munira Mirza?

Sacranie heads the Muslim Council of Britain. Many MCB members support Sharia law – a clerical form of fascism, where society is ruled by religious leaders and the death penalty is enforced against unchaste women and Muslims who embrace "unlslamic" ideologies such as socialism.

Unlike human rights groups such as Amnesty International and Liberty, the MCB is consulted by the Government on major policy issues. But it is a deeply reactionary organisation. Resorting to inflammatory language barely distinguishable from the homophobic tirades of the BNP, the MCB website demonises samesex relationships as "offensive", "immoral" and "repugnant".

Trade unions would not sponsor a conference with a speaker who said that Jamaicans or Hindus are offensive, immoral and repugnant. Why were they willing to host a homophobe who says these things about gays and lesbians?

Sacranie's views are not an isolated aberration. They are widely shared within the MCB. Another prominent official, Dr Abdul Maffid Katme, is quoted by the Muslim writer Anissa Helie as telling a conference in this country: "Lesbianism is spreading like fire in society. We must vaccinate our children against this curse".

Sacranie and the MCB are guilty of more than stirring homophobic hatred. Working together with their fundamentalist allies in the Evangelical Alliance and the Christian Institute, they actively campaign in favour of legal discrimination against gays.

The MCB opposed an equal age of consent, same-sex civil partnerships and the outlawing of homophobic discrimination in the workplace. It backed the retention of Section 28 and a ban on gay couples fostering or adopting children.

Sacranie has led the MCB's homophobic attacks on the lesbian and gay community. He put his name to an MCB news release condemning the repeal of Section 28 as "giving legitimacy to so-called 'gay families' and 'gay marriage' through the back door", and paving the way for councils to "spend public money on homosexual youth groups, homosexual youth workers and homosexual festivals".

One reason why the MCB refuses to participate in Holocaust Memorial Day is because it objects to the ceremony including a commemoration of what it dismisses as "the so-called gay genocide". The MCB regards the murder of gay people in Nazi death camps as unworthy of remembrance.

This year's Festival of Muslim Cultures is being funded by the Home Office and the British Council. Its aim is to showcase the "diversity and plurality" of Muslim communities. Nevertheless, the festival has banned gay Muslim events from its programme; allegedly at the insistence of the MCB.

Despite nearly 40 years of Leftwing activism, I am now persona non grata among the pro-Islamist Left, especially the Socialist Workers' Party, Respect and the Stop The War Coalition. This is partly because 1 have challenged the MCB's homophobia and misogyny and defended liberal Muslims against authoritarian Islamists.

Ken Livingstone and his friends in Socialist Action have condemned me as an Islamophobe. His allies run the Islamophobia Watch website. [Which will no doubt come as a surprise to Eddie Truman! – MS]

They denounce me as anti-Muslim. My crime is exposing Right-wing Islamists like the cleric, Dr Yusuf al-Qaradawi, who endorses female genital mutilation and the execution of apostates and gay people. Most of my hate mail used to come from supporters of the far Right. These days, much of it comes from people on the far Left and their Islamist friends.

By failing to tackle the prejudiced politics of Right-wing Muslim leaders, the Left is leaving the field wide open to the BNP. Islamophobic demagogues could easily exploit the vacuum created by the Left's ambivalence towards Islamist intolerance. Most of the Left ignores the homophobic, sexist and anti-humanitarian agenda of the Muslim Right.

If socialists continue to remain silent, the fear is that the BNP will fill the void with a generalised, irresponsible and unjust anti-Muslim hate. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Irishpunktom (talk • contribs)

 * OK, that seems reasonable. David | Talk 10:20, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

"Self-described" and satire
The problem with including "self-described" is that it could be put on almost anyone. After all, Her Majesty describes herself as Queen, and many others do not recognise the title. I think, within the bounds of reason, people should be allowed to keep the descriptions they choose for themselves, especially with something as wide-ranging as "human rights" about which there is a very wide range of views about what it encompasses.

And was Adam Yosef being a modern day Juvenal, satirically taking on the taboos of a society, or was he just being a ranting homophobic bigot? Terribly difficult to tell the difference in the abstract, but I think the issue is whether he claimed they were satirical, and I can't find any place where he did. David | Talk 10:20, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Regarding the first point, I've tried to compromise, citing his organisation. Regarding Adam, it was a "Piss-take", it was far from serious, as is his style.  You say you have read the piece, have you read it all? --Irishpunktom\talk 11:57, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't want to get all tu quoque about this, but I could quite envisage that some of the BNP's islamophobic rants might be defended as "far from serious" and "satire" because they try to put jokes into them. A criticism is a criticism, whether intended as satire or not. David | Talk 12:07, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * So thats a No then - What, exactly, are ytou basing your opinion of the article on then? - The carefully edited version presented by Tatchell and co?--Irishpunktom\talk 12:31, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I think I did read the whole thing at one stage, but it's not really relevant. Criticism is criticism whether undertaken through the medium of satire or not. David | Talk 17:25, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

Unbalanced article
Adding each individual little element of the dispute relating to the Qaradawi visit is leaving this article seriously unbalanced as this one incident, long-running though it has been, is not the most important in Peter Tatchell's career. Unless the rest of the article is similarly expanded I will go through and prune it all back. David | Talk 17:24, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Expand the other stuff rather than removing other peoples work. --Irishpunktom\talk 22:56, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

"an activist based in Britain who became famous for his role is publicising Gay rights"
Can we just condense this down to "gay rights activist", or is there a reason you're using such a strangulated construction, Irishpunktom?

--Paul Moloney 22:46, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * There is indeed a reason. Irishpunktom wants to have it as "gay rights activist" but can't make that edit for a while because it's a 3RR violation. I have pointed out that Peter Tatchell has ceased to be merely a gay rights activist, and is now referred to and defines himself as a "human rights activist". See Irishpunktom's talk page for the cites justifying my edit. David | Talk 22:50, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * An interesting sidebar to this debate: I went back and looked at the very first edit to the article and lo and behold look what I saw. It also reminds me that 1 AM tomorrow will be the second anniversary of my first edit to this article! I must have written most of it, too. No, Irishpunktom, you are most definitely not invited to the party. David | Talk 01:16, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

Attitude Towards Muslims: Disputed
Edit summaries are not the place for discussion and they most certainly are not the place for incivility. I think the great number of templates added (or re-added by IrishPunktom) are a bit over the top. Just one disputed template in the Attitude Towards Muslims section should do. I personally haven't done a lot of research on this man, but it doesn't appear at first sight like the section in question in "Islamophobic". Peter Tatchell may have, to some readers, made disparaging comments about Islam, but that is his opinion and his attitude. The neutral point of view policy doesn't extend to subjects' personal opinions. joturner 23:23, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Departing for one moment from the article and discussing politics in general, I think it can hardly be called discriminatory to say that Muslims who criticise homosexuality are being homophobic. What would be discriminatory is to say that homophobia from muslims may be discounted or regarded as "par for the course". I should think that a shocking indictment of the faith of Islam and it is certainly not my experience of muslims either.

 * Irishpunktom is a POV revert warrior who is insisting on his own version of the article (which is highly POV) and refusing to justify it. The impossibility of negotiating with him is not something up with which I will put and I am therefore seeking resolution of this dispute through other means. Meanwhile User:Maliki-sis is heading for a swift block for personal attacks the way he is going. I hope the page is reverted to my last version. David | Talk 23:57, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Time for Irishpunktom to list his objections
If the totallydisputed tag is not to be removed swiftly, it's time for Irishpunktom to list precisely the areas he objects to. I've set out a template below for this. David | Talk 22:32, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Factual accuracy

 * Item here. Source that states the opposite here.

Neutrality

 * Item here. Analysis here.

Neutrality
Unless justification is given here today for placing this tag on the article, I will remove it tomorrow morning. David | Talk 13:58, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

 * IMHO, the version defended by Irishpunktom was inferior: besides the broken English, the avalanche of typos and the incorrect sources (e.g. the term "clerical form of fascism" does not appear in the link given by IPT's version), it was ridiculously POV. However, there was also some POV in David's version, e.g. as to the reason for the MCB's boycott of the Holocaust Day ceremony or the Livingstone controversy. I have tried to come up with a synthesis version which includes a maximum of verifiable information.--Thomas Arelatensis 18:50, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I've made some corrections. Firstly, with the OutRage! website down, the claim that the picture appeared on every page is unverifiable. Secondly there is no evidence that Peter Tatchell was personally responsible for putting it there, and such a claim is unlikely given that someone else is responsible for the website and Tatchell is not particularly good with technology (private knowledge but he has also said so in public interviews). The other changes are minor formatting and typographical. David | Talk 20:21, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Looks OK to me. --Thomas Arelatensis 10:44, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I see that User:Irishpunktom has added a "neutrality disputed" banner to the main page without adding anything to the talk page. In my opinion, this should be deleted unless he immediately states why he thinks this is biased.--Paul Moloney 10:22, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

OK, if IPT won't, let me step in myself. This article looks like it's improving but there are still blatant NPOV violations both pro- and anti-Tatchell. For example:

 * Having established a policy of fighting restrictions on human rights regardless of their origin, Tatchell has been unwilling to exclude Islamic sources from criticism.

This goes far beyond reporting the facts (Tatchell has recently devoted a lot of time to criticising Muslims/Islam) and instead implicitly justifies it in the context of a particular anaylsis of Tatchell's project. It then, in the second half, goes so far as to posit some dilemma where Tatchell has been put on the spot over whether to "exclude Islamic sources from criticism". It would be a lot better to stick to the facts.

 * The fact is that Peter Tatchell criticises homophobia wherever he finds it. To say he "criticises muslims" is POV: the criticism is not that they are muslims, but that they are homophobes. Those are the facts. David | Talk 11:08, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

 * That still doesn't justify the wording as it stands. "In the last few years, Tatchell's campaign against homophobia has included a focus on Islam?" Dogville 11:20, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I couldn't accept that as being an unbiased statement. It implies a deliberate concentration on Islam. His criticism is not of Islam, but of individual muslims, and the vague "in the last few years" is an unhelpful beginning. David | Talk 11:27, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Criticising sharia law is not a criticising individual Muslims, and the sheer length of the Islam section in this article suggests that it's a perceived recent focus. "Tatchell's criticisms of Islamic homophobia have been a source of controversy"? Whatever you end up with I really think the current "refusal to exclude" formulation is far too POV.Dogville 11:52, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The reason it's so long is that Irishpunktom is seemingly obsessed with using the article to prove that Tatchell is islamophobic, despite all the available evidence. David | Talk 12:00, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

 * To be fair that's hardly an opinion unique to IPT. Meanwhile, can I suggest that the paras on Jakobovits (PT accused of anti-semitism) and Palestine (accused of racism/Zionism) would both be more suited to be subsumed under an "accusations of racism" (or whatever) section which can then also incorporate the Islam stuff? The "Controversies" bit as it stood (which I've tentatively renamed as per earlier suggestion) seems a bit random as it could be a header for pretty much the whole article. Dogville 12:08, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

On the other hand:

 * Tatchell has drawn criticism from many quarters for his dislike of the concept of an age of consent.

Why does this para start with an assertion of widespread but unnamed critics, rather than just explaining Tatchell's views on the age of consent? Why does the para fail to cite any specific instances of such criticism?

 * It does now, and from an unlikely source. There was plenty of mainstream criticism and to detail it would be excessive and somewhat pointless. David | Talk 11:27, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

I'm going to have a quick go at removing some of the more blatant instances here but it probably needs a finer toothcomb. Dogville 11:04, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

Controversies
Don't like this heading. Why not just 'other campaigns'? Are we saying that criticising Eminem is more controversial than his OutRage! work was at the time? Dogville 11:23, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

Greatest mistake
Subject has just disputed the claim that his greatest mistake was the 10 Bishops in 1994. The source is The Independent of October 15, 2003, pages 2-4 of the supplement (an article where many celebrities have been asked about their greatest mistakes). Subject said:

 * "I knew when Outrage outed 10 Anglican bishops in 1994 it was going to be controversial, but I totally underestimated the way it would be misrepresented. Most of the media portrayed outing as a vindictive and cruel exposure of innocent, harmless churchmen. The truth was that we outed the bishops because they were publicly condemning homosexuals and opposing gay human rights while privately having gay affairs. They were outed because they were hypocrites and homophobes. The bishops' two-faced double standards were never reported, let alone criticised. Instead, we were denounced as 'homosexual terrorists'. My miscalculation derailed what was a very important and still relevant campaign against Anglican homophobia."

Hope this clears it up for the few people listening to Little Atoms. David | Talk 16:26, 14 April 2006 (UTC)
 * So you admit now that you lied when you said he had never outed anyone? Or are Christians not really people in your eyes? --Irishpunktom\talk 11:43, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

Tag
The idea that Tatchell is a HUman Rights campaigner is POV. he is a self decribed one, but is actually a Gay Rights or anti-Muslim campaigner. --Irishpunktom\talk 11:43, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

 * No, that's just your POV. Not good enough. Tag coming off. David | Talk 13:42, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
 * No, its his POV that he is ahuman rights campaigner, and not a Gay rights one. --Irishpunktom\talk 13:49, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Let me explain. Gay rights is a subset of human rights, so even if Peter Tatchell had done no other campaigning than gay rights, it would still be correct to describe him as a human rights campaigner. As it is, he has done substantially more campaigning on areas which do not touch gay rights. David | Talk 14:07, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
 * "substantially more" - SOurce that! --Irishpunktom\talk 14:13, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

 * It's not in the article so I don't need to source it. I merely need to point to Zimbabwe, to Australia and the aborigines, to the Vietnam war, to Malawi, to Iraq, to the Ahwazi people of Iran, and to the persecuted Danish people over the cartoons. None of these were gay rights issues. David | Talk 14:16, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
 * So its unsourced speculation on your part, a lot of speculation. The fact is he is a gay rights campainger who has engaged in breaching the Human rights of others. --Irishpunktom\talk 14:30, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

other tag
David, which claims do you want verified or sourced?--Irishpunktom\talk 13:40, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I want a source, other than your own calculation, stating that Tatchell has deliberately concentrated on muslim homophobia and remained silent on other sources. David | Talk 13:43, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I never said "deliberately concentrated" I just wrote down cited fact, and a quote by him. Where did I say he remained silent? --Irishpunktom\talk 13:50, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

 * You can't prove the contention you are seeking to assert merely by that sort of calculation anyway. The calculation means nothing. You need a source making the assertion which I detailed above, and then it would have to be written in as an assertion made about Peter Tatchell rather than as a fact. David | Talk 14:08, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
 * The statement is cited and is fact. The fact is that in the religion section of his website 10 of the 13 articles refer to Islam and Muslims. This is fact, and is cited from the website.  Further, of the Guardian Comment is Free, 5 of his seven pieces thus far relate to islam.  Again fact, again cited. This is verified by sources linking directly to the places the claims refer to. --Irishpunktom\talk 14:12, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

Protected
Given the flurry of edits today I've protected this. All editors (yes, that includes me) must agree on the talk page. Protection is not an endorsement of the current version. David | Talk 14:19, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Revert it to the previous version and then say its not an endorsement. You've removed valid sourced info you dislike and then prevented others from editing it. That is utterly ridiculous.--Irishpunktom\talk 14:29, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm reviewing the protection as an uninvolved admin, because of the complaint. I was going to protect it on the version that didn't involve a 3RR violation, but as you both seem to have violated it, that won't work, so I'm going to judge by content, which we're normally not meant to do, but there's no other criterion in this case. I'm going to protect it on the current version, because what Tom is doing is borderline OR. On the one hand, it's like saying 2 + 2 = 4, because anyone with access to the source can count how often Tatchell has written about Muslims. On the other hand, if no published source has made the same point, it's arguably an example of adding an unpublished analysis or novel synthesis in order to advance a position, which is a violation of OR. So Tom, I'm going to protect on the other version. Sorry. If you want to make the point, try to find a source who has said the same thing. SlimVirgin (talk) 14:49, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Incidentally I wouldn't want it thought that the reason I protected this version was that it was my preferred version - it certainly isn't. There are many more problems which Irishpunktom has introduced which I would like to tackle during the period of protection. As a matter of fact I only decided on protection after removing the original research paragraph. Had Irishpunktom reverted again, that would have been the protected version. David | Talk 14:53, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
 * The source was Islamophobia watch, which Tatchell himself has condemned (Which surely would make it notable in this context at least?) originally reported it, but David decided it was "not acceptable", so he removed it. --Irishpunktom\talk 14:55, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Peter Tatchell/Archive 1


text: Talk:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland


text:
Talk:David Morrell

Untitled
Don't think he belongs in the "Canadian authors" category. Morrell's father was a US soldier stationed in Canada, and he was raised in Iowa.Bjones

''Sorry Bjones but David Morrell was born in Canada and raised in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada which would make him a Canadian author. Read his book, Lessons from a Lifetime of Writing: A Novelist Looks at His Craft - fascinating stuff! :)''

 * But he went to the States pretty young and has stayed there. What is his nationality?

For some reason his novel The Protector linked to an unrelated 2005 film of the same name. I've fixed it. Pearce.duncan 02:33, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

G. Gordon Liddy Academy of Corporate Security
Is this a gag??? Badgerpatrol 00:57, 5 October 2006 (UTC)
 * No - this is true. Check out his website  I've met him, he's the real deal! 67.80.58.197 04:55, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

Revisions removed
Revisions containing material from were removed from history. Conscious 07:40, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

What happened to the rest of the information on this page? The revisions i know i've added don't appear in my contributions page either??

 * Where is Rambo Part III on this list? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.96.121.140 (talk) 02:32, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:David Morrell