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User talk:Phsource

hello.

AfD nomination of Stagevu
An article that you have been involved in editing, Stagevu, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Stagevu. Thank you. Schuy m 1 ( talk ) 21:21, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

File source and copyright licensing problem with File:1275974740 rigid dump truck.svg
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title: User talk:Phsource


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Perkin Medal

The Perkin Medal is an award given annually by the Society of Chemical Industry (American Section) to a scientist residing in America for an "innovation in applied chemistry resulting in outstanding commercial development." It is considered the highest honor given in the US chemical industry.

The Perkin Medal was first awarded in 1906 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the discovery of mauveine, the world's first synthetic aniline dye, by Sir William Henry Perkin, an English chemist. The award was given to Sir William on the occasion of his visit to the United States in the year before he died. It was next given in 1908 and has been given every year since then.

Recipients
• 1906 Sir William H. Perkin

• 1908 John Brown Francis Herreshoff

• 1909 Arno Behr

• 1910 Edward G. Acheson

• 1911 Charles M. Hall

• 1912 Herman Frasch

• 1913 James Gayley

• 1914 John W. Hyatt

• 1915 Edward Weston

• 1916 Leo H. Baekeland

• 1917 Ernst Twitchell

• 1918 Auguste J. Rossi

• 1919 Frederick G. Cottrell

• 1920 Charles F. Chandler

• 1921 Willis R. Whitney

• 1922 William M. Burton

• 1923 Milton C. Whitaker

• 1924 Frederick M. Becket

• 1925 Hugh K. Moore

• 1926 Richard B. Moore

• 1927 John E. Teeple

• 1928 Irving Langmuir

• 1929 Eugene C. Sullivan

• 1930 Herbert H. Dow

• 1931 Arthur D. Little

• 1932 Charles F. Burgess

• 1933 George Oenslager

• 1934 Colin G. Fink

• 1935 George O. Curme Jr.

• 1936 Warren K. Lewis

• 1937 Thomas Midgley Jr.

• 1938 Frank J. Tone

• 1939 Walter S. Landis

• 1940 Charles M. A. Stine

• 1941 John V. N. Dorr

• 1942 Martin Ittner

• 1943 Robert E. Wilson

• 1944 Gaston F. Dubois

• 1945 Elmer K. Bolton

• 1946 Francis C. Frary

• 1947 Robert R. Williams

• 1948 Clarence W. Balke

• 1949 Carl S. Miner

• 1950 Eger V. Murphree

• 1951 Henry Howard

• 1952 Robert M. Burns

• 1953 Charles A. Thomas

• 1954 Roger Adams

• 1955 Roger Williams

• 1956 Edgar C. Britton

• 1957 Glenn T. Seaborg

• 1958 William J. Kroll

• 1959 Eugene J. Houdry

• 1960 Karl Folkers

• 1961 Carl F. Prutton

• 1962 Eugene G. Rochow

• 1963 William O. Baker

• 1964 William J. Sparks

• 1965 Carl S. Marvel

• 1966 Manson Benedict

• 1967 Vladimir Haensel

• 1968 Henry B. Hass

• 1969 Robert W. Cairns

• 1970 Milton Harris

• 1971 James F. Hyde

• 1972 Robert Burns MacMullin

• 1973 Theodore L. Cairns

• 1974 Edwin H. Land

• 1975 Carl Djerassi

• 1976 Lewis H. Sarett

• 1977 Paul J. Flory

• 1978 Donald F. Othmer

• 1979 James D. Idol Jr.

• 1980 Herman F. Mark

• 1981 Ralph Landau

• 1982 Herbert C. Brown

• 1983 N. Bruce Hannay

• 1984 John H. Sinfelt

• 1985 Paul B. Weisz

• 1986 Peter Regna

• 1987 J. Paul Hogan and Robert L. Banks

• 1988 James F. Roth

• 1989 Frederick J. Karol

• 1990 John E. Franz

• 1991 Miguel A. Ondetti

• 1992 Edith M. Flanigen

• 1993 Lubomyr T. Romankiw

• 1994 Marinus Los

• 1995 Delbert H. Meyer

• 1996 Marion D. Francis

• 1997 Stephanie Kwolek

• 1998 David R. Bryant

• 1999 Albert A. Carr

• 2000 Norman N. Li

• 2001 Elsa Reichmanis

• 2002 Paul S. Anderson

• 2003 William H. Joyce

• 2004 Gordon E. Moore

• 2005 Robert W. Gore

• 2006 James C. Stevens

• 2007 Herbert Boyer

• 2008 Ian Shankland

• 2009 Richard B. Silverman

• 2010 Ronald Breslow

• 2011 Rodney H. Banks

• 2012 Robert S. Langer

• 2013 Bruce Roth

• 2014 John C. Warner

• 2015 Cynthia A. Maryanoff

• 2016 Peter Trefonas

• 2017 Ann E. Weber

• 2018 Barbara Haviland Minor

• 2019 Chad Mirkin

• 2020 Jane Frommer

• 2022 Dennis Liotta

• 2023 Frances Arnold

• 2024 Max P. McDaniel

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Perkin Medal


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Struvite

Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) is a phosphate mineral with formula: NH4MgPO4·6H2O. Struvite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system as white to yellowish or brownish-white pyramidal crystals or in platy mica-like forms. It is a soft mineral with Mohs hardness of 1.5 to 2 and has a low specific gravity of 1.7. It is sparingly soluble in neutral and alkaline conditions, but readily soluble in acid.

Struvite urinary stones and crystals form readily in the urine of animals and humans that are infected with ammonia-producing organisms. They are potentiated by alkaline urine and high magnesium excretion (high magnesium/plant-based diets). They also are potentiated by a specific urinary protein in domestic cats.

Name
Although struvite was briefly mentioned in Hooke's Micrographia, it was first described in detail in 1845 by the German chemist (1811–1883), who found crystals of struvite in what he surmised had once been a medieval midden in Hamburg, Germany; he named the new mineral after the geographer and geologist  (1772–1851) of Hamburg.

Occurrence
Struvite readily forms in alkaline conditions where its constituent ions are present. In nature, it forms primarily in areas associated with organic matter decomposition, including guano deposits, basaltic caves, and marshlands. Similar conditions are found when human bladders are infected by urease-producing bacteria, when wastewater is treated, etc.

Struvite is occasionally found in canned seafood, where its appearance is that of small glass slivers, objectionable to consumers for aesthetic reasons but of no health consequence. A simple test can differentiate struvite from glass.

Struvite kidney stones
Struvite kidney stones are also known as triple phosphate stones (calcium magnesium ammonium phosphate), owing to the presence of carbonate apatite that precipitates to accompany struvite at high pH. Struvite and carbonate apatite precipitate in alkaline urine, forming kidney stones. Struvite is the most common mineral found in urinary tract stones in dogs, and is found also in urinary tract stones of cats and humans. Struvite stones are potentiated by bacterial infection that hydrolyzes urea to ammonium and raises urine pH to neutral or alkaline values. Urea-splitting organisms include Proteus, Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma.

Even in the absence of infection, accumulation of struvite crystals in the urinary bladder is a problem frequently seen in housecats, with symptoms including difficulty urinating (which may be mistaken for constipation) or blood in the urine (hematuria). The protein cauxin, a protein excreted in large amounts in cat urine that acts to produce a feline pheromone, has recently been found to cause nucleation of struvite crystals in a model system containing the ions necessary to form struvite. This may explain some of the excess struvite production in domestic cats. In the past, surgery has been required to remove struvite uroliths in cats; today, special acidifying low magnesium diets may be used to dissolve sterile struvite stones.

Upper urinary tract stones that involve the renal pelvis and extend into at least two calyces are classified as staghorn calculi. Although all types of urinary stones can potentially form staghorn calculi, approximately 75% are composed of a struvite-carbonate-apatite matrix.

Struvite enteroliths
Struvite is a common mineral found in enteroliths (intestinal concretions) in horses.

Wastewater treatment
Struvite can be a problem in sewage and waste water treatment, particularly after anaerobic digesters release ammonium and phosphate from waste material. Struvite can form a scale on lines and belts, in centrifuges and pumps, clog system pipes and other equipment including the anaerobic digester itself. Struvite, also referred to as MAP, forms when there is a mole to mole to mole ratio (1:1:1) of magnesium, ammonia and phosphate in the wastewater. The magnesium can be found in soil, seawater as well as drinking water. Ammonia is broken down from the urea in wastewater, and phosphate, which is found through food, soaps and detergents. These elements in place, struvite is more likely to form in a high pH environment, where there is higher conductivity, lower temperatures, and higher concentrations of magnesium, ammonia and phosphate. Recovery of phosphorus from wastestreams as struvite and recycling those nutrients into agriculture as fertilizer appears promising, particularly in agricultural manure and municipal waste water treatment plants.

Having struvite scale in a wastewater treatment system can lead to great inefficiency within the plant or operation due to clogging of the pipes, pumps and equipment. There have been a few options to solve this issue, including replacing the pipes, or using a hydro-jetter or a mechanical grinder to clear them. But many lines can be underground and either of these options implies considerable downtime and labor. Chemical cleaning is now predominately used to clear systems of struvite. Chemical cleaning products have been developed to remove and prevent struvite with minimal downtime. Even a chemical-free, electric method of removing and preventing struvite has been developed and tested successfully at wastewater treatment plants in the USA. The electronic sine wave it produces is sent through the water in the pipe and is therefore effective on underground piping as well.

Uses
Use of struvite as an agricultural fertilizer was first described in 1857. It contains phosphorus and nitrogen, two of the three major plant macronutrients, with magnesium being a minor macronutrient as well. Struvite can be produced from urine by adjusting pH (often just by waiting for urease-producing bacteria to work) and adding magnesium. There is considerable interest in the utility of urine-derived struvite as a fertilizer in austere situations.

title: Struvite


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User talk:Rdavies

Welcome!

Welcome to Wikipedia, Rdavies! My name is Ryan, aka Acetic Acid. I noticed that you were new and haven't received any messages yet. I just wanted to see how you were doing. Wikipedia can be a little intimidating at first, since it uses different formatting than other sites that use HTML and CSS. In the long run, though, you'll find that the WikiSyntax is a lot easier and faster than those other ways. Here are a few links to get you started:

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article

There are a lot of policies and guides to read, but I highly recommend reading over those first. If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message on my talk page. Please be sure to sign your name on Talk Pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, along with a link to your user page. This way, others know when you left a message and how to find you. It's easier than having to type out your name, right? :)

I hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. We can use all the help we can get! Have a nice day. Sincerely, Acetic Acid 22:46, August 21, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rdavies


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Slavka Kohout

Slavka Kohout (December 14, 1932 - March 17, 2024) was an American figure skating coach and former competitor, best known for coaching 5-time U.S. Champion Janet Lynn throughout her entire competitive career.

Career
As a skater, Kohout was twice the Midwestern sectional senior ladies champion, and she won the bronze medal in the 1950 U.S. junior ladies championships. After turning professional, she was manager and head coach at the Wagon Wheel Ice Palace in Rockton, Illinois for 17 years. During that period, the Wagon Wheel rink—part of a larger resort complex—was one of the top figure skating training centers in the United States. Kohout coached not only Lynn but also 3-time U.S. champion Gordon McKellen, several other international competitors, and other skaters who have gone on to become prominent coaches or skating judges, such as Shepherd Clark, The 2017, 2018, 2019 World Figure & Fancy Skating Champion of World Figure Sport / "WFS", at which Kohout was an official, an honoree, and a 2015 World Figure Sport Hall of Fame inductee in Lake Placid, NY.

Slavka Kohout was inducted into the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 2002.

Personal
Kohout left Wagon Wheel when she married Dick Button in 1973. They had children Emily and Edward together, but have since divorced. In later years, Kohout continued to coach in the New York City area.

title: Slavka Kohout


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Trinity Bay (Newfoundland and Labrador)

Trinity Bay is a large bay on the northeastern coast of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The Bay along with Placentia Bay to the southwest define the isthmus of Avalon from which the Avalon Peninsula lies to the east of the main landmass of Newfoundland Island. The maximum depth of the bay is about 580 m.

Major fishing communities include Trinity and Heart's Content. The smaller communities in Newfoundland may often be referenced by the Bay in which they are located, e.g.: 'Brownsdale, TB'.

Industry
Trinity Bay is the location of where a "nearly intact" specimen of giant squid was found, on September 24, 1877.

In April 2003, thousands of dead northern cod, washed up on the shores of Smith Sound in a single weekend, prompting scientific inquiry into the cause.

Jellyfish harvesting communities include Smith Sound, Old Perlican, and Northwest and Southwest Arms.

title: Trinity Bay (Newfoundland and Labrador)


text: Talk:Nightmare (Kirby)

title: Talk:Nightmare (Kirby)


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Talk:Paweł Korzeniowski

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Paweł Korzeniowski. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120102160941/http://www.polswim.pl:80/new/?d=32 to http://www.polswim.pl/new/?d=32

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 13:19, 12 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Paweł Korzeniowski


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Blue Earth River

The Blue Earth River (Makhátho Wakpá) is a tributary of the Minnesota River, 108 mi long, in southern Minnesota in the United States. Two of its headwaters tributaries, the Middle Branch Blue Earth River and the West Branch Blue Earth River, also flow for short distances in northern Iowa. By volume, it is the Minnesota River's largest tributary, accounting for 46% of the Minnesota's flow at the rivers' confluence in Mankato. Via the Minnesota River, the Blue Earth River is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 3,486 mi2 in an agricultural region. Ninety percent of the river's watershed is in Minnesota. It is a Minnesota Department of Natural Resources designated Water Trail.

History
The river was named for former deposits of bluish-green clay, no longer visible, along the banks of the river. It was called Makato Osa Watapa by the Sisseton Dakota, meaning "the river where blue earth is gathered." The French explorer Pierre-Charles Le Sueur established Fort L'Huillier near the river's mouth in 1700 for the purpose of mining the clay, either in the mistaken belief that the clay contained copper, or as a ruse to secure funding from his patrons for his fur trading activities. The fort was abandoned the following year after an attack by the Fox tribe. In the 19th century, the geographer Joseph Nicollet found cavities from which the clay had been dug by Native Americans in the region, who used it as body paint; he found no evidence of Le Sueur's mines, nor of the fort.

Geography
The Blue Earth River begins at the confluence of its west and middle branches, approximately 5 mi north of Elmore in southwestern Faribault County, Minnesota. The Middle Branch, 35.1 mi long and sometimes known as the main stem of the river, rises in northwestern Winnebago County, Iowa, approximately 7 mi east of Rake, and flows westwardly into Kossuth County, Iowa, then northwardly into Faribault County. The West Branch, 24.7 mi long, rises near Swea City, Iowa, in northern Kossuth County and flows northeastwardly into Faribault County. Both headwaters tributaries have been channelized for much of their courses.

From their confluence, the Blue Earth River flows northwardly in a winding course through eastern Faribault County into Blue Earth County, past the cities of Blue Earth, Winnebago, and Vernon Center, to Mankato, where it enters the Minnesota River from the south. Rapidan Dam, constructed for hydroelectricity generation in 1910, impounds the river 12 mi upstream from its mouth; its reservoir filled with silt and mud soon after the dam's completion. The hydroelectric facility was later decommissioned but reactivated in 1984.

The Blue Earth River's largest tributaries are the Le Sueur River, which it collects 3 mi upstream of its mouth; and the Watonwan River, which it collects 16 mi upstream of its mouth. The two rivers drain 31% and 24% of the Blue Earth's watershed. Tributaries of the river in its upper course include the East Branch Blue Earth River, 59.2 mi long, which rises in southwestern Freeborn County and flows westwardly through Faribault County to the city of Blue Earth; and Elm Creek, 89.5 mi long, which rises in northeastern Jackson County and flows eastwardly through Martin County into northeastern Faribault County, where it joins the Blue Earth River near Winnebago.

The Blue Earth River mostly flows through till plains and the plain of a former glacial lake. The drain of the glacial lake, Union Slough, drains in two directions, south into the East Fork of the Des Moines River and north, as Union Slough, into the West Branch of the Blue Earth River. The lower (northern) part of the river's watershed was historically covered by the Big Woods, a tract of hardwoods that has since been largely converted to agricultural use; segments of the woodland extended southward along the riparian corridors of the Blue Earth River and its tributaries. In its lower course below Rapidan Dam, the river flows through a wooded gorge in the valley of the Minnesota River; this section is a popular canoeing route.

According to the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, about 84% of the Blue Earth River's watershed is used for agriculture, primarily corn and soybeans. The river is one of the most polluted in Minnesota, with elevated levels of sediment, bacteria, nitrates, phosphorus, mercury, PCBs, and pesticides, contributed in part by runoff in the watershed. Fecal coliforms, contributed by manure fertilizers, livestock waste, substandard septic tanks and outdated sewer systems, are often at levels considered by the state government to be unsafe for swimming.

Flow rate
The United States Geological Survey operates a stream gauge on the Blue Earth River below Rapidan Dam in Rapidan Township, downstream of the mouth of the Watonwan River and upstream of the mouth of the Le Sueur River, and 12 mi upstream from the river's mouth. The annual mean flow of the river at the gauge between 1909 and 2005 was 1,076 cubic feet per second (30 m³/s). The highest recorded flow during the period was 43,100 ft³/s (1,220 m³/s) on April 9, 1965. The lowest recorded flow was 6.9 ft³/s (0.2 m³/s) on October 12, 1955.

title: Blue Earth River


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File:Temptations-masterpiece.jpg

Summary
Masterpiece (Temptations album)

title: File:Temptations-masterpiece.jpg


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Trinity Bay (Queensland)

Trinity Bay is a large bay in the Coral Sea off the east coast of Far North Queensland, Australia. The Mossman River discharges into the bay. At one time the Mulgrave River also entered the bay until geological changes resulted in its mouth forming further south at Port Constantine.

The bay was named after the Christian holy day Trinity Sunday by Lieutenant James Cook on 10 June 1770.

At its southern end is the city of Cairns. Here there are extensive mangrove ecosystems which are protected by Cape Grafton. Trinity Inlet and Trinity Bay form the location for the Cairns seaport. Trinity Bay State High School is a school located in Cairns.

title: Trinity Bay (Queensland)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Father and Son Tuesday

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 17:21, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

Father and Son Tuesday and many duplicates
A slew of vanity/advertising pages, created by username User:Fast films. Only Google hits appear to be on amateur video blogs, apparently self-authored, and own website. Also, many variants on the above, created by User:Fast films and User:68.23.149.212, and accompanying vanity images. -- The Anome 22:50, August 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable, and self-promotion. Also Jeremy Duncan (which maybe could be userfied). Niteowlneils 23:04, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I've now speedy deleted the many duplicate vanity pages, leaving only one copy of each. I've also offered to move Jeremy Duncan to User:Fast films. -- The Anome 23:14, August 21, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: User has accepted my offer of moving user page to user space, thus de-VfDing that page, but Father and Son Tuesday remains on VfD. -- The Anome 00:22, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Clifton, Cincinnati

Clifton is one of the 52 neighborhoods of Cincinnati, Ohio. The population was 8,408 in the 2020 census.

The area includes the Ludlow Avenue Shopping and Dining District. Clifton is situated around Clifton Avenue, north of Dixmyth Avenue, approximately three miles north of Downtown Cincinnati. Several historic buildings and homes remain in the neighborhood. Clifton was developed in large part due to the expansion of the street car system in the 1880s-1890s. Adjacent areas such as Corryville and the CUF neighborhoods are often erroneously referred to as Clifton, even by long-term residents.

History
Clifton was incorporated as a village in 1850. The village took its name from the Clifton farm, which contained 1200 acre of hills and dales. In the nineteenth century, mansions set in extensive grounds of gardens, parkland and woodlands dominated the northern section of Clifton, farther from the city. Their gates and gatehouses were spaced at intervals along Lafayette Avenue. In the southern section, denser settlement flanked a growing business district along Ludlow Avenue, centered on its juncture with Clifton Avenue.

Many of the estate grounds were designed by the landscape designer Adolph Strauch, who served as the Superintendent of Spring Grove Cemetery and Arboretum in the 1850s, who later revised plantings when estates became public parkland, such as Eden Park and the 89 acre of Burnet Woods, the former property of Jacob Burnet.

The estates have found new uses in the twentieth century, or have been demolished, like Alexander McDonald's baronial mansion designed by Samuel Hannaford, the pre-eminent estate architect in later nineteenth-century Cincinnati; it was demolished in the 1960s to make way for an annex to the Clifton School: only a 150-year-old yew (Taxus cuspidata capitata) on the grounds of Fairview-Clifton German Language School and the carriage house remain.

The city of Cincinnati annexed Clifton in 1893. The University of Cincinnati relocated to Burnet Woods Park. Today the university is located in Clifton Heights, University Heights, Avondale, and Corryville, neighborhoods that surround Clifton. This entire area is often generically (and incorrectly) referred to as "Clifton" despite being several distinct and separate neighborhoods. Hebrew Union College, which settled near the university, and the Sacred Heart Academy in Clifton helped to contribute to the intellectual and bohemian atmosphere of the neighborhood.

Demographics
As of the census of 2020, there were 8,408 people living in the neighborhood. There were 4,653 housing units. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 62.7% White, 16.0% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 12.7% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 1.5% from some other race, and 6.8% from two or more races. 4.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 4,118 households, out of which 40.2% were families. 46.4% of all households were made up of individuals.

16.4% of the neighborhood's population were under the age of 18, 70.9% were 18 to 64, and 12.7% were 65 years of age or older. 51.2% of the population were male and 48.8% were female.

According to the U.S. Census American Community Survey, for the period 2016-2020 the estimated median annual income for a household in the neighborhood was $52,473. About 5.3% of family households were living below the poverty line. About 70.2% had a bachelor's degree or higher.

Culture
The Ludlow Avenue business district was designated Cincinnati's first "Main Street neighborhood" in a program sponsored by the National Trust for Historic Preservation; the Gaslight District contains many independent shops, restaurants and a movie theater specializing in independent and foreign films. Side streets are lit using original gas lamps, hence the name "Gaslight District." There is a great diversity of retail outlets and dining and drinking establishments situated along Ludlow and intersecting streets. Businesses include the historic rock concert hall the Ludlow Garage where the Allman Brothers recorded their famous album “Live at the Ludlow Garage,” and Ludlow Wines, the oldest wine shop in Cincinnati.

Notable people

 * Hulda Regina Graser (1870-1943), Canadian-born American customs house broker

title: Clifton, Cincinnati


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Death to America

Death to America is an anti-American political slogan widely used in North Korea (as Death to the United States imperialists), Iran, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Yemen, Iraq, and Pakistan. Originally used by North Korea since the Korean War, Ruhollah Khomeini, the first supreme leader of Iran, popularized the term. He opposed the chant for radio and television, but not for protests and other occasions.

The literal meaning of the Persian phrase "Marg bar Âmrikâ" is "Death to America." In most official Iranian translations, the phrase is translated into English as the less crude "Down with America." The chant "Death to America" has come to be employed by various anti-American groups and protesters worldwide.

Iranian officials generally explain that the slogan in its historical context has been provoked by the U.S. government's hostile policies towards Iran and expresses outrage at those policies, and does not wish for literal death for American people themselves. In a speech to university students, Iran's Supreme Leader, Khamenei, interpreted the slogan as "death to the U.S.'s policies, death to arrogance." Following a meeting with Army and Air Force commanders, Khamenei declared that the Iranian people are not against American people, but that "Death to America" means down with American leaders, in this case Donald Trump (President), John Bolton (National Security Advisor), and Mike Pompeo (Secretary of State).

History

Following the fall of the pro-American Pahlavi dynasty in early 1979, Iranian protesters regularly shouted "Death to America" and "Death to the Shah" outside the U.S. embassy in Tehran, including the day the embassy was seized on November 4, 1979, which commenced the Iran hostage crisis. Throughout the crisis, Iranians surrounding the embassy chanted "Death to America" and "Death to Carter." When Iran released the remaining 52 American hostages on January 20, 1981, they were led through a gauntlet of students forming parallel lines that shouted "Death to America" as they boarded the airplane that would fly them out of Tehran. "Death to the Soviet Union" and "Death to England" also became popular. A similar slogan "Death to Israel" is also used, and regularly chanted in Iranian and Pakistani political rallies. It is the best-known variation. However, the slogan predates back to the 1950s when it was first used by North Korea during the Korean War (known in North Korea as the Fatherland Liberation War) and it is still in use to this day.

Throughout the existence of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the slogan has formed a pillar of its revolutionary values. It is regularly chanted at Friday prayers and other public events, which is often accompanied by a burning of the flag of the United States. These events include the November 4 anniversary of the U.S. embassy seizure, which Iranian leaders declared in 1987 as a national holiday, called "Death to America Day." State-sponsored murals that feature the slogan "Death to America" are common in Iranian cities, particularly Tehran.

However, according to Hashemi Rafsanjani, Khomeini agreed in principle to drop the usage of the slogan in 1984. Rafsanjani's statement was rejected by his hard line opponents who said that "The Imam throughout his life called America 'the Great Satan'. He believed that all the Muslims' problems were caused by America."

According to Politico magazine, following the September 11 attacks, Sayyed Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of Iran, "suspended the usual 'Death to America' chants at Friday prayers" temporarily.

On March 29, 2013, during a public gathering in Kim Il Sung Square, Pyongyang to support Kim Jong Un's call to arms, attendees had chanted 'Death to the U.S. imperialists'.

On March 21, 2015, Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei backed and shouted the phrase 'Death to America' while addressing a public gathering in Iran, during the holiday of Nowruz, the Persian New Year. In a statement published on his website on November 3, 2015, Khamenei said: "It goes without saying that the slogan does not mean death to the American nation; this slogan means death to the U.S.'s policies, death to arrogance."

On June 23, 2017, during Quds Day, protestors chanted "Death to America" and "Death to Israel". On April 25, 2018, Iran announced that a "Death to America" emoji would be included in a domestically produced messaging app. On May 9, 2018, an American flag was burned in the Iranian Parliament amidst chants of 'Death to America' after President Donald Trump withdrew from the nuclear deal with Iran. On November 4, 2018, Louis Farrakhan, the leader of the religious group Nation of Islam, led a "Death to America" chant during a solidarity trip to Iran, ahead of sanctions expected to be imposed by the Trump administration.

Many anti-Iranian government protesters, both within Iran and abroad, used similar phrases to demonstrate against the theocratic government. Slogans such as "Death to Khamenei", "Death to the Dictator" and "Death to Islamic Republic" have been chanted in those occasions, the latest being the Mahsa Amini protests, which began in September 2022. Protesters also refused to trample over giant U.S. and Israeli flags that had been painted on the ground of the universities, which was praised by President Donald Trump in 2020.

At the funeral of Qasem Soleimani, the chant "Death to America" could be heard from many mourners across Baghdad, Islamabad, Karachi and many other cities.

Usage in the Arab world

Supporters of Hezbollah, the Shi'a Islamic militant group based in Lebanon that is closely aligned to Iran, regularly chant "Death to America" in street demonstrations. A week before the March 20, 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq, Hezbollah Secretary General Hassan Nasrallah declared, "In the past, when the Marines were in Beirut, we screamed, 'Death to America!' Today, when the region is being filled with hundreds of thousands of American soldiers, 'Death to America!' was, is and will stay our slogan."

The slogan of the Houthis, a Shi'a rebel group in Yemen also supported by Iran, is "God is Great, Death to America, Death to Israel, A curse upon the Jews, Victory to Islam."

Interpretation and meaning
Mohammad Nahavandian, chief of staff for Iranian former President Hassan Rouhani has said that: "If you go and ask anyone who uses that slogan [...] what he is against, it is interference in Iran's policies by overthrowing a nationally elected prime minister at the time of [Mohammad] Mossadegh. For them, what they are against is the kind of government who shoots an airplane full of innocent passengers. For them, it's not the people of America, per se. For them, they are opposed to that sort of policy, that sort of attitude, that sort of arrogance. It's not a nation. It's a system of behavior.'"

"Regarding the words 'Death to America', we mean American politics, not the American people", says Hussein al Hamran, head of Foreign Relations for Ansar Allah (Houthis). Ali al-Bukhayti, a former spokesperson and official media face of the Houthis, has said: "We do not really want death to anyone. The slogan is simply against the interference of those governments [i.e. US, and Israel]".

Iranian president Hassan Rouhani has also dismissed the literal interpretation of the slogan, stating that the slogan is to express opposition to US intrusive policies rather than hatred against American people.

On 8 February 2019, Ali Khamenei stated "Death to America means death to [Donald] Trump, [John] Bolton and [Mike] Pompeo. We criticize American politicians who are managing that country. Iranian nation are not against American people."

Travel writer Rick Steves recorded a taxi driver in Tehran exclaiming "Death to traffic!" in English, explaining that "when something frustrates us and we have no control over it, this is what we say". Steves compares the phrase to non-literal use of the word damn in American English.

title: Death to America


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kevin Bailey

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Bratsche talk 5 pillars 02:14, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

Kevin Bailey
Vanity, no evidence of notability. Delete. Wile E. Heresiarch 22:51, 21 August 2005 (UTC) PS. Please direct comments longer than 25 words to the discussion page, Wikipedia talk:Votes for deletion/Kevin Bailey. Thanks in advance.
 * Article does not establish notability. Userfy to User:Kevinb3. Sietse 19:48, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete unless Kevinb3 wishes to use it as his user page in which case Userfy as per Sietse. Subject is IMO at the edge of notability, notable enough that there are two articles, one actual (International Typeface Corporation) and one potential (Type Directors Club), that if expanded far enough, he would merit a brief mention in. Caerwine 23:17, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep (changed from reserved) based on the current contents this entry is acceptable. I have given a heads up to Kevinb3, to look here, I also think it's likely to be 'Userfy' issue. Alf 09:47, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Comment This is not an article, it's a stub attached to lists. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_designers The list also includes links to various other lists all the way down the food chain  to lists of fonts not created in major foundries; i.e. freeware type designers who are listed alphabetically. I intend to be somewhat of a watchdog in this realm of the database and can see where improvements and better organization can improve the integrity within this category. Respectfully, It would be my hope that those that are not trained in this particular discipline can abstain from being too critical. You can trust that the community for which this information serves will be deliberate and expedient in maintaining the quality of the data as typophiles become increasingly aware of this expanding database. From the bylaws of Wikipedia: "Only those articles where there is no remotely plausible assertion of notability should be considered for Wikipedia:Speedy deletion."Kevinb3 14:39, 23 August 2005 (UTC) Comment There's a British poet called Kevin Bailey who I've now knocked up a stub for. Thoughts? Hiding talk 21:19, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and see the related [entry] and vote for deletion over there as well. Entirely non-notable.  Ok, I'll cancel my delete vote for this given the change in bio material.  Dottore So 16:53, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn in the A7 sense — if the user wants it userfied, they should let someone know. -Splash 22:07, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn . -- Etacar11   03:41, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'll second Splash's weak keep. -- Etacar11   22:43, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, a little weakly. Has 3 published anthologies (or somethings), and, although none of them ranks especially highly on Amazon, having more than a couple, being a judge for a comp and founding a magzine probably add up to about make it. -Splash 22:39, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Oxford University Dramatic Society

The Oxford University Dramatic Society (OUDS) is the principal funding body and provider of theatrical services to the many independent student productions put on by students in Oxford, England. Not all student productions at Oxford University are awarded funding from the society. However it is rare, for example, for any student production at the Oxford Playhouse not to receive substantial funding from the society. The society funds many types of shows, mostly at the Oxford Playhouse, Burton Taylor Theatre, and the individual college theatres such as the Michael Pilch Studio at Balliol, Moser Theatre at Wadham and the O'Reilly Theatre at Keble. All productions put on by Oxford University students can use the society's services, such as the website, the auditions portal, and advice from the committee, providing their production company is registered.

The Society supports a competition for Freshers (Cuppers), held in Michaelmas Term and a New Writing Festival in Hilary Term. OUDS also supports an annual National UK Tour, which culminates in a long run at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. Previously, the society has also facilitated a Shakespeare production, jointly with Thelma Holt, touring Japan, with preview performances in the UK.

The society was founded in November 1884 by Arthur Bourchier, James Adderley, and Alan MacKinnon, and its first production, Henry IV, Part 1, opened in May 1885.

During World War I, when some 200 Belgian refugees came to Oxford, the society lent its room to a "Belgian Club".

Alumni
Many famous actors have participated in OUDS productions. For example, in 1907 professional actresses Lily Brayton and her sister Agnes appeared as Katherine and Bianca in The Taming of the Shrew. John Gielgud made his directing debut at OUDS in 1932 with a production of Romeo and Juliet in which he enlisted professional actresses Peggy Ashcroft to play Juliet and Edith Evans to play the Nurse. Another notable production was when Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor appeared in a production of Dr. Faustus in 1966 with undergraduates in the supporting cast.

Past members and people associated with OUDS productions include:

 * Paul Almond
 * Lindsay Anderson
 * Andrew Havill
 * Gethin Anthony
 * Pierre Audi
 * Rowan Atkinson
 * Helen Atkinson-Wood
 * Peter Bayley
 * Timothy Bateson
 * John Betjeman
 * Will Bowen
 * Gyles Brandreth
 * Richard Burton
 * Kate Beckinsale
 * Eve Best
 * Shirley Catlin
 * Caryl Churchill
 * Michael Codron
 * Alex Cox
 * Jonathan Cullen
 * Richard Curtis
 * Thomas de Mallet Burgess
 * George Devine
 * Edith Evans
 * Felix Felton
 * Oliver Ford Davies
 * Philip Franks
 * Patrick Garland
 * William Gaskill
 * John Gielgud
 * Peter Glenville
 * Hugh Grant
 * Tom Hooper
 * Arthur Hutchinson
 * David Jessel
 * Felicity Jones
 * Peter Kosminsky
 * Nigel Lawson
 * Harry Lloyd
 * John Maud
 * David Melamed
 * Ariane Mnouchkine
 * Dudley Moore
 * Stanley Myers
 * Terence O'Brien
 * Norman Painting
 * Katherine Parkinson
 * Roger Parry
 * Rosamund Pike
 * Esther Rantzen
 * Diana Quick*
 * Gervais Rentoul
 * Gillian Reynolds*
 * Tony Richardson
 * John Schlesinger
 * Thea Sharrock
 * Maggie Smith
 * Mel Smith
 * Imogen Stubbs
 * Mabel Terry-Lewis
 * Kenneth Tynan
 * John Veale (incidental music)
 * Evelyn Waugh
 * David William
 * Emlyn Williams
 * John Wood
 * Dornford Yates
 * Owain Yeoman
 * Michael York

* Note that women could not formally join OUDS until 1963. Diana Quick was the first female OUDS President.

title: Oxford University Dramatic Society


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jacob mumm

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete --Allen3 talk 17:16, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

Jacob mumm
I'm recommending the page for deletion because it's a "completely idiosyncratic non-topic", in the words of the Deletion Policy. I've Googled on Jacob Mumm and can't see anything noteworthy. To me, the page is rubbish. (Perhaps it should be a speedy delete?) --Finbarr Saunders 22:53, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Vanity page. A google search on "jacobb mumm" returns 40 hits. --zandperl 23:56, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Olga Chekhova

Olga Konstantinovna Chekhova (Knipper; Ольга Константиновна Чехова; 14 April 1897 – 9 March 1980), known in Germany as Olga Tschechowa, was a Russian-German actress. Her film roles include the female lead in Alfred Hitchcock's Mary (1931).

Biography
Olga Konstantinovna Knipper was born on 14 April 1897, the daughter of Konstantin Knipper (1868–1929), a railway engineer, and Yelena Luise "Lulu" Knipper (née Ried, 1874–1940), both Lutherans of ethnic German ancestry. Olga was the niece and namesake of Olga Knipper (Anton Chekhov's wife). She went to school in Tsarskoye Selo but, after watching Eleonora Duse, joined the Moscow Art Theatre's studio. There she met the Russian-Jewish actor Mikhail Chekhov (Anton's nephew) in 1914 and married him the same year, taking his surname as her own. Their daughter, also named Olga, was born in 1916. She became an actress under the name of Ada Tschechowa.

During the year of the 1917 October Revolution, Chekhova divorced her husband but kept his name. In the first year of the revolution, she joined a cabaret-theatre group called Sorokonozhka (The Little Centipede), as the troupe consisted of twenty members and only forty feet. Chekhova also was given a part in a silent movie, Anya Kraeva. The following year, in 1918, she was given roles in Cagliostro and in The Last Adventure of Arsène Lupin. Although part of the social circle around the Moscow Art Theatre, she never played a role there, despite her later claims to having her first theatre role in The Cherry Orchard.

She managed to get a travel passport from the Soviet government, possibly in exchange for her cooperation, which led to permission to leave Russia. She was accompanied by a Soviet agent on a train to Vienna, then she moved to Berlin in 1920. That same year, she married Frederick Yaroshi, though they divorced in 1921. Her first cinema role in Germany was in F. W. Murnau silent movie Schloß Vogelöd (1921). She played in Max Reinhardt's productions at UFA. She made the successful transition from silent film to talkies. In the 1930s, she rose to become one of the brightest stars of the Third Reich and was admired by Adolf Hitler. She appeared in such films as The Hymn of Leuthen although she preferred comedies. In 1936 she married for the third time, to Marcel Robbins, which ended in divorce in 1938.

Joseph Goebbels
A published photograph of her sitting beside Hitler at a reception gave the leaders of the Soviet intelligence service the impression that she had close contacts with Hitler. She had more contact with the Minister of Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels, who referred to her in his diaries as "eine charmante Frau" ("a charming lady").

She is also rumored to have been a communist spy in a Soviet conspiracy. According to the book Killing Hitler (2006) by the British author Roger Moorhouse, she was pressured by Stalin and Beria to flirt with Adolf Hitler in order to gain and transfer information so that Hitler could be killed by secret Soviet agents.

Later years
Olga achieved great success in the motion picture industry. Her filmography includes 138 credits as an actor, director, and producer between 1917 and 1974. After the war she lived in the Soviet sector of Berlin, but eventually she managed to escape from her Soviet contacts. In 1949, she moved to Munich, Bavaria, and launched a cosmetics company, Olga Tschechowa Kosmetik.

At the same time she continued acting, and played supporting roles and cameos in more than 20 films. She largely retired from acting in the 70s, after publishing a book of memoirs. Her correspondence with Russian actresses Olga Knipper and Alla Tarasova was published posthumously.

Her niece Marina Ried and granddaughter Vera Tschechowa also became actresses.

Selected filmography

 * Anya Kraeva (1917) as Unknown role
 * Poslednie priklucheniya Arsena Lupena (1918) as Unknown role
 * Kaliostro (1918) as Unknown role
 * The Haunted Castle (1921) as Baronin Safferstätt
 * Impostor (1921) as Unknown role
 * Violet (1921) as Violet
 * The Circle of Death (1922) as Olga Petrowna
 * Der Kampf ums Ich (1922) as Unknown role
 * Nora (1923) as Nora
 * The Pagoda (1923) as Unknown role
 * Certificates of Death (1923) as Unknown role
 * Tatjana (1923) as Tatjana
 * The Lost Shoe (1923) as Estella
 * Debit and Credit (1924) as Sabine
 * The Enchantress (1924) as Unknown role
 * The Venus of Montmartre (1925) as Gräfin Sullivan
 * The City of Temptation (1925) as Unknown role
 * The Old Ballroom (1925, part 1, 2) as Unknown role
 * Should We Get Married? (1925) as Unknown role
 * Love Story (1925) as Lilli, das Verhältnis
 * The Company Worth Millions (1925) as Unknown role
 * The Fallen (1926) as Malwa, Freundin von Hammer
 * The Mill at Sanssouci (1926) as Tänzerin Barberina
 * Malice (1926) as Seine Frau
 * The Schimeck Family (1926) as Olga, seine Frau
 * Trude (1926) as Unknown role
 * The Man in the Fire (1926) as Diva Romola
 * His Toughest Case (1926) as Mary Melton
 * Grandstand for General Staff (1926) as Gräfin Landieren
 * Aftermath (1927) as Nadja
 * The Sea (1927) as Rosseherre
 * His Late Excellency (1927) as Baronin von Windegg
 * The Italian Straw Hat (1928) as Anaïs de Beauperthuis
 * Moulin Rouge (1928) as Parysia
 * Pawns of Passion (1928) as Ala Suminska
 * Woman in Flames (1928) as Gräfin Clarissa Thalberg
 * After the Verdict (1929) as Vivian Denys
 * Diane (1929) as Diane Mervil
 * The Love of the Brothers Rott (1929) as Theresa Donath
 * Foolishness of His Love (1929) as Director
 * Incest (1929) as Lisbeth Kröger - deren Tochter aus erster Ehe
 * Helene Willfüer, Student of Chemistry (1930) as Helene Willfüer
 * Love in the Ring (1930) as Lilian
 * Troika (1930) as Vera Walowa
 * Der Detektiv des Kaisers (1930) as Olga
 * The Three from the Filling Station (1930) as Edith von Turoff
 * Darling of the Gods (1930) as Olga von Dagomirska
 * Zwei Krawatten (1930) as Mabel
 * The Road to Paradise (1930) as Edith de Tourkoff
 * A Girl from the Reeperbahn (1930) as Hanne Bullová
 * The Great Longing (1930) as Herself
 * Liebe auf Befehl (1931) as Manuela
 * Mary (1931) as Mary Baring
 * Panic in Chicago (1931) as Florence Dingley
 * The Night of Decision (1931) as Maria Iwanowa (Marya Sablin)
 * The Concert (1931) as Maria Heink, Gattin
 * Night Convoy (1932) as Inka Maria, seine Frau
 * Trenck (1932) as Elisabeth, Zarin von Rußland
 * The Gala Performance (1932) as Miß Harris
 * The Hymn of Leuthen (1933) as Gräfin Mariann
 * Liebelei (1933) as Baronin v. Eggersdorff
 * A Love Story (1933) as Baronin von Eggersdorf
 * Ways to a Good Marriage (1933) as Claire Veiler, die unbefriedigte Frau
 * Ein gewisser Herr Gran (1933) as Frau Mervin
 * Un certain monsieur Grant (1933) as Mme Merwin - une espionne
 * The Country Schoolmaster (1933) as Teresa van der Straaten
 * Um ein bisschen Glück (1933) as Helene, seine Frau
 * Police Report (1934) as Gisela Ostercamp
 * Between Two Hearts (1934) as Inge Leuthoff
 * L'amour qu'il faut aux femmes (1934) as Le troisième couple
 * The World Without a Mask (1934) as Betty Bandelow
 * Maskerade (1934) as Anita Keller - seine Braut
 * What Am I Without You (1934) as Lilly Petrowa, Schauspielerin
 * Abenteuer eines jungen Herrn in Polen (1934) as Gräfin Lubenska
 * Peer Gynt (1934) as Baronin
 * Regine (1935) as Floris Bell, Schauspielerin
 * Asew (1935) as Tanja Asew, seine Frau
 * The Eternal Mask (1935) as Madame Negar
 * Dreams of Love (1935) as Gräfin Madeleine Duday
 * Artist Love (1935) as Olivia Vanderhagen
 * Ein Walzer um den Stephansturm (1935) as Sylvia von Polonska
 * The Empress's Favourite (1936) as Elisabeth Kaiserin von Russland
 * L'argent (1936) as Baronne Sandorff
 * Manja Valewska (1936) as Gräfin Pola Valewska
 * His Daughter is Called Peter (1936) as Nora Noir
 * Hannerl and Her Lovers (1936) as Frau von Stahl
 * Court Theatre (1936) as Baroness Seebach
 * Die weissen Teufel (1936) as Jenny Morel
 * Liebe geht seltsame Wege (1937) as Antonia Delvarez
 * Unter Ausschluß der Öffentlichkeit (1937) as Brigitte Sparrenberg
 * The Yellow Flag (1937) - Helen Roeder as amerikanische Journalistin
 * Gewitterflug zu Claudia (1937) as Frau Mainburg
 * Das Mädchen mit dem guten Ruf (1938) as Mirandolina
 * Red Orchids (1938) as Maria Dorando
 * Zwei Frauen (1938) as Paula Corvey
 * Verliebtes Abenteuer (1938) as Olivia
 * The Stars Shine (1938) as Herself
 * Bel Ami (1939) as Madeleine Forestier
 * Ich verweigere die Aussage (1939) as Nora Ottendorf
 * Parkstraße 13 (1939) as Evelyne Schratt
 * Die unheimlichen Wünsche (1939) as Feodora, Schauspielerin
 * Liberated Hands (1939) as Kerstin Thomas
 * Passion (1940) as Gerda
 * Angelika (1940) as Angelika
 * The Fox of Glenarvon (1940) as Gloria Grandison
 * Menschen im Sturm (1941) as Vera seine Frau
 * Andreas Schlüter (1942) as Gräfin Vera Orlewska
 * With the Eyes of a Woman (1942) as Marie-Louise v. Ditmar, Baronin von Stein
 * The Eternal Tone (1943) as Josephine Malti, Singer
 * Reise in die Vergangenheit (1943) as Marianne von der Halden
 * Gefährlicher Frühling (1943) as Juliane von Buckwitz
 * Melusine (1944) as Nora
 * In the Temple of Venus (1948) as Carola Weber
 * One Night Apart (1950) as Vera, seine Frau
 * Kein Engel ist so rein (1950) as Margot
 * Two in One Suit (1950) as Catherine Turner
 * Maharadscha wider Willen (1950) as Susanne de Bogne - Journalistin
 * Trouble in Paradise (1950) as Myriam Esneh
 * The Man Who Wanted to Live Twice (1950) as Irene Hesse
 * Begierde (1951) as Frau des Bankpräsidenten
 * Eine Frau mit Herz (1951) as Vera von Wesener
 * The Secret of a Marriage (1951) as Tina Camphausen
 * My Friend the Thief (1951) as Percys Schwester
 * Behind Monastery Walls (1952) as Priorin
 * Everything for Father (1953) as Frau von Pleskow
 * Rose-Girl Resli (1953) as Mrs. von Weidersheim
 * Heute nacht passiert's (1953) as Herself - Gast im Modesalon
 * Captain Wronski (1954) as Frau von Eichhoff
 * I Was an Ugly Girl (1955) as Luise Raymond
 * The Barrings (1955) as Amelie von Eyff
 * U 47 – Kapitänleutnant Prien (1958) as Die Fürstin
 * Jack and Jenny (1963) as Mutter Johannsen
 * The Twins from Immenhof (1973) as Großmutter Arkens
 * Spring in Immenhof (1974) as Großmutter (final film role)

title: Olga Chekhova


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Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Kevin Bailey

Please put comments about Votes for deletion/Kevin Bailey here instead of on that page itself. Thanks. Wile E. Heresiarch 22:53, 21 August 2005 (UTC)


text:
Spritsail

The spritsail is a four-sided, fore-and-aft sail that is supported at its highest points by the mast and a diagonally running spar known as the sprit. The foot of the sail can be stretched by a boom or held loose-footed just by its sheets. A spritsail has four corners: the throat, peak, clew, and tack. The Spritsail can also be used to describe a rig that uses a spritsail.

Historically, spritsails were the first European fore-and-aft rigs, appearing in Greco-Roman navigation in the 2nd century BC.

The rig
The luff of the sail is bound to the mast, but unlike the gaff rig where the head is bound to a spar, this rig supports the leech of the sail by means of a diagonal spar or spars named a sprit. The forward end of the sprit spar is attached to the mast, with the after end of the sprit spar attached to the peak. The sprit is steadied and controlled from the deck by a pair of wire vangs attached to the peak of the sail. It is said to be the ancestor of the common gaff rig that evolved in 16th-century Holland. The foot of the sail may be bent to a boom, or be loose-footed and just controlled by its sheets.

Barges
The spritsail was best known from its use in the Thames sailing barge, which employs two similarly sized spars to form the framework for the sail area. In a barge, the mast is stepped vertically in a mast case or tabernacle, whilst the sprit is suspended by chain stanliffs (standing lifts) from the hounds at the mast head at an angle of about 30° from vertical, with sprit to the starboard side of the mast. The heel of the sprit is secured to the mast, by the muzzle, which allows the sprit the freedom to move laterally, nearly as far to each side as the shrouds. This enables the vessel to reach and run. The instability caused by allowing such a weighty spar to extend too far away from the vessel's centreline, however, had to be borne in mind when designing hull and rigging. The peak of the sail is permanently attached to the head of the sprit, which is steadied by two sets of vangs. The spritsail rig was normally used without a boom. (The latter was usually found on fore-and-aft rigged vessels to keep the mainsail in an aerodynamically efficient shape.) Such loose-footed sails can also be found on gaff-rigged Norfolk wherries and the bawley class of vessel. The spritsail was a feature of the Cromster where the ability to furl the foot of the sail and raise the sheets, made gunnery much more readily possible. The sail could still be controlled using the vangs.

In a commercial vessel, the rig has the advantage of allowing a high stack of deck cargo and freeing the cargo hatch of obstructions when loading and unloading. The entire sail can be quickly brailed to the mast. The overriding advantage is safety in open water. Barges are unballasted and, if overpressed, will heel excessively and must be pulled to wind. The sheet will be eased and the aft end of a boom could drag in the water making the rudder ineffective and a capsize inevitable. The sheet of loose footed boomless barge is just released and control is regained. The boom does not project outboard so that the vessel can pass through a narrow gap between moored vessels. Loose footed sails suffer from sail twist which reduces their aerodynamic efficiency when sailing off the wind, which usually is not a commercial issue. It can be an advantage in light air. The vangs control the head of the sail which can be set so as to make use of the air above the wind-shadow of moored ships, warehouses and so on.

This fine control of the sail without need for the crew to leave the deck, is achieved by brailing up. Rather than lowering the mainsail, it is gathered up against its own luff and head by means of lines called brails. This technique is an effective way of stowing the mainsail and gives fine control over the power obtained from the sail. In narrow channels, and in the lee of tall buildings the mailsail and mizzen are brailed and the bowsprit topped up, and she sails on topsail and foresail alone. A gaff rig was far more suitable for heavy weather and long sea passages, but when a gaff rigged vessel drops the mainsail, the topsail cannot be used. The gaff, attached to the mainsail, is required aloft to set the topsail. However, the sprit rig means that the sail is stowed aloft and unreachable from the deck. It also means that the sail cannot easily be covered when it is stowed, and thus protected from the elements. But in any case, the crews of working vessels did not trouble with such dainty ways. In keeping with the general philosophy of working boats, all sails would therefore be traditionally treated with red oxide and other substances.

The problem of the inaccessibility of gear was met in the Thames barge by stepping the mast in a tabernacle and using a windlass on the foredeck to strike the whole lot, mast, sprit, sails and rigging. The crew could sail under a low bridge such as at Aylesford or Rochester without losing steerage way. The windlass is below the tack of the foresail and the tackle at the foot of the forestay. In striking the gear, the foresail tack tackle had to be cast off. With the bridge cleared, the skipper and an extra man (the huffler) used the windlass to raise the mast.

Dinghies
Modern use of the spritsail has also become more common through its use in the Optimist (dinghy) - this uses a boomed spritsail - in the case of which the sprit is tensioned by a snotter arrangement. This much simpler implementation sees the sprit anchored higher on the mast than on barges.

Leg of mutton spritsail
This is a sprit rig that uses a triangular sail, the luff is bent to the mast, and the one spar, the sprit-boom attaches to the clew of the sail. The fore end of the boom is tensioned (pulled tight to the mast) by use of a snotter chord. It is a precursor of the wishbone rig first popularised by windsurfers. On a Bolger 59 (square foot) rig, there is a 14'3" luff, 13'7" leech and 9'0" foot.

Local boats
The spritsail is also commonly used in a fore-and-aft rig (along with a staysail) on local traditional wooden boats of the west coast of Norway, most notably the faering variant of the Oselvar. Traditionally, up until the second half of the 1800s, these boats used to be rigged with a square rig.

Square rigged ships
In an inconvenient piece of nautical ambiguity, the term "spritsail" also refers to a sail used aboard some square-rigged vessels, typically on vessels developed prior to the middle of the 19th century CE. Unrelated to the spritsail described above, it is an evolution of the ancient Greek artemon that was eventually made obsolete by the evolution of more efficient headsails. In the context of square-rigged vessels, the spritsail is a square sail set under the bowsprit; a "spritsail topsail" may be set above it, though this latter element of a square-rigged sailplan fell into disuse early in the 18th century CE. In this form, in addition to carrying the spritsail itself the spritsail yard, mounted under the bowsprit abaft the dolphin striker, also often provided some lateral support for the jibboom and flying jibboom via the guys supporting those spars.

title: Spritsail


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User talk:RPGLand2000

Welcome!

Welcome to Wikipedia, RPGLand2000! My name is Ryan, aka Acetic Acid. I noticed that you were new and haven't received any messages yet. I just wanted to see how you were doing. Wikipedia can be a little intimidating at first, since it uses different formatting than other sites that use HTML and CSS. In the long run, though, you'll find that the WikiSyntax is a lot easier and faster than those other ways. Here are a few links to get you started:

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article

There are a lot of policies and guides to read, but I highly recommend reading over those first. If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message on my talk page. Please be sure to sign your name on Talk Pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, along with a link to your user page. This way, others know when you left a message and how to find you. It's easier than having to type out your name, right? :)

I hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. We can use all the help we can get! Have a nice day. Sincerely, Acetic Acid 22:53, August 21, 2005 (UTC)

Gaming Collaboration of the week
Grumpy Troll (talk) 02:53, 22 August 2005 (UTC).

November 18
Please do not replace Wikipedia pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikipedia because they have a tendency to confuse readers. If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page. If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version. If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content. If you believe there is no hope for the page, please see the deletion policy for how to proceed. Thanks for contributing to Wikipedia! --pgk( talk ) 23:19, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

This message is regarding the page Community Portal. Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. -- pgk( talk ) 23:26, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

Cinema Collaboration of the Week
You supported Andre Bazin. The article has won and is now the new collaboration of the week. Hope you can help! --Fenice 08:44, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:RPGLand2000


text:
WPXU

WPXU may refer to:

 * WPXU-TV, a television station (channel 16, virtual 35) licensed to serve Jacksonville, North Carolina, United States
 * WPXU-LD, a low-power television station (channel 29, virtual 38) licensed to serve Amityville, New York, United States
 * WBUI, a television station (channel 23) licensed to serve Decatur, Illinois, United States, which used the call sign WPXU from May 1998 to June 1999

title: WPXU


text:
User talk:Linkin park fan 7777

Welcome!

Welcome to Wikipedia, Linkin park fan 7777! My name is Ryan, aka Acetic Acid. I noticed that you were new and haven't received any messages yet. I just wanted to see how you were doing. Wikipedia can be a little intimidating at first, since it uses different formatting than other sites that use HTML and CSS. In the long run, though, you'll find that the WikiSyntax is a lot easier and faster than those other ways. Here are a few links to get you started:

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article

There are a lot of policies and guides to read, but I highly recommend reading over those first. If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message on my talk page. Please be sure to sign your name on Talk Pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, along with a link to your user page. This way, others know when you left a message and how to find you. It's easier than having to type out your name, right? :)

I hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. We can use all the help we can get! Have a nice day. Sincerely, Acetic Acid 22:54, August 21, 2005 (UTC)

Your changes to Second Crusade
Please do not blank Wikipedia articles. Also, it is important to use edit summaries that make sense and relate to your changes. If you want to experiment more with Wikipedia editing, please try our Sandbox. Thanks, FreplySpang (talk) 22:31, August 21, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Linkin park fan 7777


text:
User talk:TERdON

Welcome!

Welcome to Wikipedia, TERdON! My name is Ryan, aka Acetic Acid. I noticed that you were new and haven't received any messages yet. I just wanted to see how you were doing. Wikipedia can be a little intimidating at first, since it uses different formatting than other sites that use HTML and CSS. In the long run, though, you'll find that the WikiSyntax is a lot easier and faster than those other ways. Here are a few links to get you started:

 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article

There are a lot of policies and guides to read, but I highly recommend reading over those first. If you have any questions, feel free to leave me a message on my talk page. Please be sure to sign your name on Talk Pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, along with a link to your user page. This way, others know when you left a message and how to find you. It's easier than having to type out your name, right? :)

I hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. We can use all the help we can get! Have a nice day. Sincerely, Acetic Acid 22:54, August 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the info, even though it wasn't really needed (see Special:Contributions/TERdON and sv:Special:Contributions/TERdON). I was wondering why I hadn't got any -sign here yet though - on all of my other user pages there already are. Is there a backlog perhaps? TERdON 00:23, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Image:Hott_Butter-Popcorn_Melody.PNG and WP:CP
Hey TERdON, thanks for the note. I delisted it from WP:CP because it's clear that there's not a copyvio issue here, although you're right that there is a tagging issue that should be investigated further. For that reason I think it's right to leave unknown there: I'm not sure of the legal niceties around the point you raise (IANAL), so I'm not qualified to resolve that issue, but leaving it tagged unknown increases the possibility that someone who is will give some attention to it. --Ngb?!? 21:27, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, that's sensible. I should have thought to do the same thing. Cheers! --Ngb?!? 08:26, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Help with Translation!?
Can you help translate this for me to swedish? Many thanks in advance!

''About half of the economically active population is employed in agriculture. Arable land amounts to only one-fourth of the total land area, yet the country meets nearly all its food needs from domestic production. In the mid-1970s, moreover, Albania became selfsufficient in bread grains. Main crops are wheat, corn (maize), sugar beets, cotton, sunflower seeds, tobacco, potatoes, and fruits. Major livestock are sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs.''

--Armour 14:14, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

Cubic Spline Image
You mentioned in Spline (mathematics) that there should be an image for a cubic spline. I have an Excel spreadsheet that calculates cubic splines and produces a graph, but I do not know how to convert an Excel graph to a jpg or any kind of graphic. I am glad to send you the spreadsheet or, if you prefer, tell me how to convert an Excel graph to an image and I'll do that and upload it.

Thanks Sarum blue 20:41, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Ah, nice, didn't notice that you wrote on the talk page, forgot to add it to my watchlist. I think the best thing to do would be to just make a screenshot. Or you could send me the spreadsheet, that would probably be even easier (that is, for you... ;-) ). You would probably need my e-mail address for that? If so, tell me and I'll just wiki-e-mail my address to you (I prefer not putting it out to the spambots) TERdON 21:07, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Great! I'd be glad to email it to you. Mine is (erased) <==feel free to delete that after you've got it! Sarum blue 18:25, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Email sent. Erased your address above of privace reasons. By the way, there is a "E-mail this user" link on the left that can be used as well, if you don't wish to put your address on WP pages. :) TERdON 22:04, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

CX-One
I have added a "" template to the article CX-One, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Caerwine Caer’s whines 18:33, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

Modular Design
Hey TERdON, I ended up using that section on modular design in computers that you copied over from the Reference Desk to help expand the modular design article (finally!). Thanks for the material! If you are interested you could check out the modular design page to see the addition. ModManDan (talk) 19:27, 19 August 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:06, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:32, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:TERdON


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User talk:Matterson52

Edit Count
Hey! You can find out how many edits you have by following this link. Currently, you have 251 edits. Acetic Acid 17:18, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

Camp Hayward
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Camp Hayward, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you agree with the deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please add  to the top of Camp Hayward. --Rigby27 (talk) 20:14, 19 February 2008 (UTC)

Camp Burgess
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Camp Burgess, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you agree with the deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please add  to the top of Camp Burgess. --Rigby27 (talk) 20:16, 19 February 2008 (UTC)

Chelsea, Massachusetts
I've pushed the external links on Chelsea, Massachusetts into footnotes. External links are generally either in footnotes or a separate section at the end of the page, as described at External_links. I think it's generally not considered a good idea to leave them in the middle of articles because not all readers will actually have access to them (like those reading Wikipedia on CD or paper), and it's a bit untidy. Thanks for your work on this article, though! -- Beland (talk) 01:19, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:00, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Matterson52


text:
WGCI-FM

WGCI-FM (107.5 MHz) is an urban contemporary radio station that is licensed to Chicago, Illinois, serving the Chicago metropolitan area and Northwest Indiana. It is owned and operated by iHeartMedia (formerly known as Clear Channel Communications until September 2014).

WGCI broadcasts with 3,700 watts (3.7 kilowatts) at 107.5 megahertz (MHz) from atop the Willis Tower in Downtown Chicago, and has studios located in the Illinois Center complex on Michigan Avenue. Like many Clear Channel-owned urban radio stations, it uses the slogan "Chicago's #1 For Hip Hop and R&B".

In 2005, WGCI began broadcasting in IBOC digital radio, using the HD Radio system from iBiquity.

WFMQ
The station began broadcasting on December 4, 1958, and held the call sign WFMQ. The station was owned by Lester Vihon and broadcast from One North LaSalle with an ERP of 11,000 watts. It initially operated from 4 p.m. to midnight. WFMQ aired beautiful music, light classical, and classical music, along with show tunes, opera, and jazz programs. In 1960, the station's ERP was increased to 36,000 watts.

WNUS-FM
In 1965, the station sold to Gordon McLendon for $400,000 and its call sign was changed to WNUS-FM. The station adopted an all-news format, simulcasting AM 1390 WNUS. WNUS was the first all-news station in the United States.

In 1968, the station returned to airing a beautiful music format.

In 1973, the station's transmitter was moved to the Civic Opera Building.

WGCI
In February 1975, Globetrotter Communications Inc. purchased 107.5 FM and its sister station 1390 AM for $3,550,000. WVON's programming moved to 1390, ending the simulcast. The station's call sign was changed to WGCI later that year, and it would air a disco-oriented format. The station was branded "Studio 107".

In 1977, Globetrotter Communications was purchased by Combined Communications Corporation. The following year, Combined Communications merged with Gannett Co.

WGCI shifted away from disco in 1980, in favor of a more broad urban contemporary format.

In 1983, WVON flipped its callsign to WGCI to match its FM partner, and 107.5's call sign was changed to WGCI-FM.

In the mid-1980s, Tom Joyner, was simultaneously working for both a morning show at K-104 KKDA-FM in Dallas, Texas and an afternoon show at WGCI. Instead of choosing between the two, Joyner chose to take both jobs, and for years he commuted daily by plane between the two cities, earning the nicknames "The Fly Jock" and "The Hardest Working Man in Radio". Doug Banks was morning drive host on WGCI from 1986 until 1993, when he was replaced by Tom Joyner's syndicated morning show. In 1997, comedian George Wallace co-hosted WGCI's morning show with Jeanne Sparrow.

In 1997, Gannett sold both WGCI-FM and WGCI 1390 to Chancellor Media. Chancellor merged with Capstar and restructured as AMFM, Inc. in 1999, and in 2000, merged with Clear Channel Communications.

In 2001, the station's transmitter was moved to the Sears Tower.

In 2006 WGCI won a Marconi Award for Best Radio Station for Hip-Hop and R&B.

The Crazy Howard McGee Show was replaced by the Steve Harvey Morning Show on August 1, 2007. Harvey had previously hosted mornings on WGCI from 1996 to 1997. In March 2009, Harvey moved to WVAZ, replacing Tom Joyner. On April 1, "The Morning Riot" debuted starring Tony Sculfield, Leon Rogers and Nina Chantele. Nina also did middays at Clear Channel sister station WKSC-FM. In January 2015, WGCI began airing a new morning show hosted by Leon Rogers, Kyle Santillian and Kendra G.

WGCI-FM formerly simulcast on XM Satellite Radio channel 241. Station owner Clear Channel sold off its ownership stake in Sirius XM Radio during the second quarter of fiscal year 2013. As a result of the sale, nine of Clear Channel's eleven XM stations, including the simulcast of WGCI FM, ceased broadcast over XM Satellite Radio on October 18, 2013.

title: WGCI-FM


text:
WJMZ-FM

WJMZ-FM (107.3 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Anderson, South Carolina and serving the Upstate South Carolina region, including Greenville and Spartanburg. The station is owned by SummitMedia and airs an urban adult contemporary radio format. It is among the highest rated stations in the Greenville–Spartanburg radio market, according to Nielsen ratings.

WJMZ is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to broadcast with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts with a tower at 1,010 feet height above average terrain (HAAT). Its studios are located at Noma Square in Downtown Greenville, and its transmitter is located off Massey Road in Pendleton.

History
107.3 began as WANS-FM on October 24, 1967, the FM sister station to 1280 WANS. They broadcast out of studios in Anderson on Clemson Boulevard. WANS-AM-FM were highly rated Top 40 radio stations through the 1960s and 70s, with the AM station eventually switching to oldies music, while the FM continued playing the hits. After being a top 40 powerhouse for many years, owner Radio Anderson sold them to Degree Communications, another local owner, in 1988. The new owner cut staff, promotions and other costs. The AM once again simulcast the FM station. Ratings dropped in a drastic way.

By 1990, the station was bankrupt. WANS-FM flipped from top 40 to adult contemporary-formatted WWMM as "Magic 107.3" in February 1992 after the station was sold to Desert Communications for $3 million. In 1994, due to low ratings and facing competition from WMYI and WSPA-FM, the adult contemporary format was dropped. 107.3 WWMM changed its format and call sign to urban contemporary as "107.3 JAMZ", WJMZ-FM.

In 1995, AmCom Carolinas Inc. sold WJMZ to WROQ owner ABS Communications Inc., for $5.3 million. ABS immediately took over WJMZ in a local marketing agreement. In 2001, the station was sold to Cox Media Group, a major radio, TV and newspaper owner based in Atlanta.

WJMZ carried the station slogan, "The Peoples' Station" until 2003, when it changed to "Today's R&B." In 2009, WJMZ-FM earned a Marconi Award as Urban Station of the Year from the National Association of Broadcasters. In 2010, disc jockey Kelly Mac won the Marconi Award for Medium Market Personality of the Year.

On July 20, 2012, Cox Radio, Inc. announced the sale of WJMZ-FM and 22 other stations to Summit Media LLC for $66.25 million. The sale was consummated on May 3, 2013.

HD Radio
WJMZ-FM HD2 broadcasts an alternative rock format branded as X98.5 (relayed on FM translator W253BG 98.5 FM Arial).

WJMZ-FM HD3 broadcasts an urban contemporary format branded as Streetz 99.5 (relayed on FM translator W258CB 99.5 FM Greenville).

WJMZ-FM HD4 simulcasts sister station WHZT in order to increase its coverage area in Spartanburg County (relayed on FM translator W231BA 94.1 FM Spartanburg)

title: WJMZ-FM


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User:Richar4034

hello
hello. i like wikipedia. i believe that most people who edit on it are doing so because they want to make it better; or at least, that's what i choose to believe. i'm an 19 year old student from london studying at ucl, and wikipedia is another way to distract myself from anything productive. except that it is productive! wikipedia is my god. no, really.

wikistory
i joined wikipedia in early 2005, creating a few pages concerning the area i'm from, such as cuffley and goffs oak. but i rarely signed in during those first days, so few of my early works have my name attached to them.

me
i spend a lot of time, bored, reverting vandalism by unregistered users. while doing this i really do get pretty bored, so if i see on the recent changes page that you've done something interesting i might leave a message on your talk page.

i'm also an apostrophe nazi. those edits i make which aren't reverting vandalism are probably correcting apostrophe use. or grammar. god my life is sad...

i now have a new project: translating needed articles from french into english. i recently finished my first - amphipolis. please take a look and correct any mistakes/frenglish. i'm thinking of starting on nok next.

isn't wikipedia fun? like the library, but with itunes.

title: User:Richar4034


text:
C. Louis Leipoldt

Christian Frederik Louis Leipoldt (28 December 1880 – 12 April 1947), usually referred to as C. Louis Leipoldt, was a South African poet, dramatist, medical doctor, reporter and food expert. Together with Jan F. E. Celliers and J. D. du Toit, he was one of the leading figures in the poetry of the Second Afrikaans Movement. Apart from poetry, Leipoldt wrote novels, plays, stories, children's books, cookbooks and a travel diary. He is numbered amongst the greatest of the Afrikaner poets and was described by D. J. Opperman, himself a noted South African poet, as "our most versatile artist".

Biography

Leipoldt was born in Worcester in the Cape Colony, the son of a preacher, Christian Friedrich Leipoldt, of the NG Kerk in Clanwilliam and grandson of the Rhenish missionary, Johann Gottlieb Leipoldt, who founded Wupperthal in the Cederberg. His mother was Anna Meta Christiana Esselen, daughter of Louis Franz Esselen (1817–1893), another Rhenish missionary at Worcester. His early education was largely at home and for a while, during the Second Boer War, he was a reporter. Between 1902 and 1907, with funding from the botanist Harry Bolus, he read medicine at Guy's Hospital in London and travelled in Europe, America and the East Indies. At times his health was poor. For a period of some six months during 1908, he was the personal physician of the American newspaper magnate, Joseph Pulitzer, aboard Pulitzer's yacht.

Later Leipoldt's career was varied. For a period he was a school medical doctor in London before becoming the Medical Inspector of Schools in the Transvaal and then in the Cape Province. He returned to journalism for a while (1923) but finally settled down as a paediatrician in Cape Town in 1925. He never married. He died in Cape Town but, because of his deep love for the Hantam— a mountainous and wild district north of Cape Town— his ashes were laid to rest in the rugged Pakhuis Pass (Storehouse Pass), near Clanwilliam.

His grave is situated at the base of a cave-like opening on the mountain face. Directly above his tombstone there are faint drawings on the sandstone that were made by Bushmen many years before his death. Leipoldt had an adopted son, Jeffery Barnet Leipoldt. Jeffery died on 21 November 1997. His ashes were scattered on his father's grave. Jeffery has three daughters, Nerina, Karen and Desre, who live in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Poetry
The Worst Horror

 * This is the bitterest thing of all my day,
 * That which I have loved so well, that now is dead
 * And in a coffin laid away, of lead
 * And cedarwood, immortal somewhere stays,
 * Or as a ghost-cloud goes its lonely ways
 * By strange and boundless forces urged ahead,
 * Perhaps, like me, forlorn, uncomforted,
 * But out of reach, howe'er one pleads or prays,
 * Day after day with unending lament.
 * This is the bitterest thing, that I no hand
 * Can reach to help, or comfort to impart,
 * No aid can give, and no encouragement;
 * And that there wanders in that ghostly land
 * Forlorn, that which I loved with all my heart!

(translated by C. J. D Harvey)

Leipoldt wrote much about nature in general and in particular about the landscapes and legends of his beloved Hantam. His poetry also deals with the suffering caused by the Second Boer War and the culture and values of the Cape Malays. Most of his work does not translate well into English.

Dietetics
Leipoldt authored the book Common-Sense Dietetics in 1911. In the book he argued against total abstainers from both alcohol and meat. Leipoldt heavily criticized vegetarianism. A review in the British Medical Journal commented that "We cannot help doubting whether all the author's opinions so dogmatically expressed are based upon an experience that can justify them, for many of his comments suggest that he is speaking rather from hearsay than from personal knowledge. Nevertheless, he has written a lively and entertaining book, which we have no doubt will find many admirers among those who wish to eat and drink well."

In 1936, Leipoldt updated his book under the title The Belly Book. A review of the book concluded that its chapter on diet and disease is "useless both to the doctor and to the layman, and abounds in statements for which there is no scientific justification."

Legacy
The C. Louis Leipoldt Medical Centre in Cape Town is named after the poet, as is the Louis Leipoldt Primary School in Lyttelton (Centurion).

In 1927, botanist L.Bolus published a genus of flowering plants from Namibia and the Cape Provinces, belonging to the family Aizoaceae, as Leipoldtia in his honour.

Selected publications

 * Common-Sense Dietetics (1911)
 * The Belly Book: Or Diner's Guide (1936)
 * Bushveld Doctor (1937)
 * 300 Years of Cape Wine (1974)
 * Leipoldt's Cape Cookery (1976)

title: C. Louis Leipoldt


text:
One of Us (ABBA song)

"One of Us" is a song by Swedish pop group ABBA. It was released in December 1981 by Polar Music as the lead single from the band's eighth studio album, The Visitors (1981). Written by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus, who also produced it, the song has lead vocals by Agnetha Fältskog and is about a woman trying to revive a relationship she had ended. It would become ABBA's last major hit for 40 years, and the last No. 1 single of their career, topping the charts in Belgium, Denmark, West Germany, Ireland and the Netherlands. "One of Us" was also a top-10 hit in countries like Austria, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland and the UK. In the US, where it was released in 1983, it only charted on the Billboard Bubbling Under the Hot 100 chart and the Adult Contemporary chart, peaking at number 107 and 33, respectively. The music video for the song was directed by Lasse Hallström, featuring Fältskog as a woman moving into her new house. "One of Us" has since been covered by Pandora in 1995, A-Teens in 1999 and Cher in 2018.

Background and release
"One of Us"—which had the working titles "Number 1" and "Mio Amore"—was one of the last songs recorded for ABBA's 1981 album The Visitors, and features a lead vocal by Agnetha Fältskog. It was one of a number of tracks that explored the darker territory of Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson's songwriting, as the two men's divorces were beginning to influence their musical output. The message of the song is about a woman trying to revive a relationship she had ended. Despite misgivings on the part of manager Stig Anderson, and its somewhat depressing lyric, "One of Us" was released as the first single from The Visitors, coupled with the non-album track "Should I Laugh or Cry". Ulvaeus had favoured releasing it as the first single from the new album, and the majority of the record companies agreed with him; it proved a wise move, as it would become ABBA's final No. 1 single of their career. The decision to release "One of Us" as a single was made so late that it did not become available in Swedish shops until after The Visitors had been released.

In the United Kingdom, "One of Us" was issued in a different sleeve. Whereas the sleeve used in most countries repeated the album cover photo, Epic Records wanted a different image for the British release and used separate photos of the group members together with a large ABBA logo. Agnetha and Frida appeared on the front cover, with Björn and Benny on the back. The photos were actually out-of-date, as Frida was depicted still with her frizzy perm, while Björn was beardless. A limited-edition picture disc using very similar artwork was also issued.

The B-side, "Should I Laugh or Cry", included a spoken count-in (in Swedish) from Benny. This count-in appeared on the British and South African releases, but not internationally. The master tapes supplied to Epic contained the error, but were not picked up in time, and so appeared on the single release. In the early 2000s, Epic's rights to ABBA's music in the UK had long since expired; however, they still owned all the UK master tapes for the singles. These were then returned to Polar Music (itself owned by Universal Music) in Stockholm, who later issued the error count-in version as a "rarity" on The Complete Studio Recordings box-set, thereby making it available to a worldwide audience (and on CD for the first time). This count-in version is also available on the special "Deluxe Edition" of The Visitors (released on 23 April 2012).

Critical reception
American magazine Cash Box reviewed the single, saying that "a strong but subtle orchestration provides the backdrop for Agnetha Faltskog’s vocals, with a cadre of mandolins adding a romantic flourish".

Commercial performance
"One of Us" was the first official single release after both couples within the band had divorced. It would become ABBA's last major hit for 40 years, and the last No. 1 single of their career. It topped the charts in Belgium, Denmark, West Germany, Ireland and the Netherlands, and was also ABBA's 13th and final No. 1 on the Eurochart. "One of Us" proved a successful hit in Austria, Norway, South Africa, Spain and Switzerland, reaching the Top 10 in all of these countries.

In the United Kingdom, "One of Us" debuted at No. 11 on the singles chart on 6 December 1981 and peaked at No. 3 the following week, where it stayed for three weeks; it remained in the chart for 10 weeks. Upon exiting the Top 10 of the chart on 16 January 1982, "One of Us" would mark ABBA's final appearance in the UK Top 10 for 39 years. It was awarded a gold disc for sales of 500,000 in the UK. As of September 2021, it is ABBA's 15th-biggest song in the UK, including both pure sales and digital streams.

"One of Us" was not released as a single in the United States until February 1983, and proved to be ABBA's worst-ever performing charting song in that territory, reaching a high of No. 107, though this came more than a year after its release elsewhere and ABBA had disbanded by that time.

Music video
In November 1981, a music video for "One of Us" was filmed, directed by Swedish film director Lasse Hallström. It sees Agnetha Fältskog playing a woman who is moving into a new house. She decorates the room by adding furniture and colouring the walls. This is interspersed with individual shots of the ABBA members in a studio standing against a wall of mirrors.

A lyric video featuring excerpts and clips from its 1981 music video was released on ABBA's YouTube channel on 27 April 2023.

Personnel
ABBA Additional personnel
 * Agnetha Fältskog – lead vocals
 * Anni-Frid Lyngstad – backing vocals
 * Björn Ulvaeus – guitar, mandolin, backing vocals
 * Benny Andersson – keyboards, synthesizer, backing vocals
 * Lasse Wellander – guitar, mandolin
 * Rutger Gunnarsson – bass, mandolin
 * Ola Brunkert – drums
 * Åke Sundqvist – percussion

Pandora's version
In June 1995 Swedish Eurodance singer Pandora released a cover version of the song. The track was included on the Japanese edition of her second studio album, Tell the World (1995). The song peaked at No. 13 in Sweden, and reached the top spot in Finland.

A-Teens version
The A-Teens released a version on their debut album The ABBA Generation in 1999.

As an attempt to promote the A-Teens a bit more, Universal Music Group released a one-track promo single of "One of Us" on radio in late 1999. The song was promoted in Scandinavia, Mexico, Chile, Argentina and Japan.

A special music video was filmed for a TV special in Sweden. It was not used as an official video. It shows parts of shows in Sweden and behind-the-scenes footage of the band having fun, waiting in a room at Stockholm Records' building.

Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again version
"One of Us" was released on 13 July 2018, alongside the soundtrack of Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again, by Capitol and Polydor Records. The song is performed by Amanda Seyfried (Sophie) and Dominic Cooper (Sky) and it was produced by Benny Andersson.

Cher version
"One of Us" was chosen as the third single from Cher's 2018 ABBA tribute album Dancing Queen, released by Warner Bros. Records on 28 September 2018. The track was digitally released on 21 September 2018, at each country's individual midnight time.

Critical reception
Marc Snetiker from Entertainment Weekly gave the album a favourable review, calling it Cher's "most significant release since 1998’s Believe" and saying that "the album ender, 'One of Us,' is frankly one of Cher’s best recordings in years." Billboard also noted that "while the original song is filled with funky melodies and rhythms to mix up the depressing lyrics, Cher trades them in for a piano and a few violins, making the already-melancholy song a bonafide heart-wrencher." Writing for Rolling Stone, Brittany Spanos felt that ""One of Us" in particular sees the biggest musical shift of any of the songs; the original is a breezy, tropical, mid-tempo pop moment that almost disguises the sadness of the lyrics. But that sadness can never hide from Cher, who strips it down to strings, piano and vocals, making sure you can feel every bit of the ego-shedding on the track."

Music video
On the same day as its release, an animated video of a blue vinyl's B-side playing along with the song was released on Cher's YouTube channel. The vinyl represents the Dancing Queen album while the B-side contains the songs "Mamma Mia", "Chiquitita", "Fernando", "The Winner Takes It All" and "One of Us".

Live performances
Cher tweeted that after one of the shows of her Here We Go Again Tour she went into empty arena and sang "One of Us", claiming that it was "not ready....but it was pretty good" and that she was "working on it".

Digital download

 * "One of Us" – 3:53

Credits and personnel
Credits for Dancing Queen adapted from AllMusic.

Management

 * Published by Universal Songs of PolyGramInt., Inc. (ASCAP) and EMI Waterford Music Inc. (ASCAP)
 * Recorded by Mark Taylor and Paul Meehan at Metrophonic Studios, London
 * Mixed at by Matt Furmidge and Mark Taylor at Metrophonic Studios, London
 * Mastered by Stephen Marcussen Mastering, Hollywood, CA

Personnel

 * Cher – primary vocals
 * Benny Andersson – songwriter
 * Björn Ulvaeus – songwriter
 * Ash Soan – drums
 * Adam Phillips – guitars
 * Hayley Sanderson – backing vocals
 * Andy Caine – backing vocals

Other cover versions

 * In 1982 schlager singer Marianne Rosenberg recorded the song, with lyrics in German, as "Ich sah deine Tränen" ("I saw your tears"). This version peaked at No. 66 on the singles chart in the former West Germany that year.

Other uses

 * The song appears in Guardians of the Galaxy: The Telltale Series.
 * "One of Us" serves as the theme song for Time Crisis with Ezra Koenig, a radio show that airs on Beats 1.

title: One of Us (ABBA song)


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