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Working holiday visa

A working holiday visa is a residence permit that allows travellers to undertake employment (and sometimes study) in the country issuing the visa to supplement their travel funds. For many young people, holding a working holiday visa enables them to experience living in a foreign country without having to find work sponsorship in advance or go on an expensive university exchange program.

Most working holiday visas are offered under reciprocal agreements between certain countries to encourage travel and cultural exchange between their citizens.

There are often several restrictions on this type of visa:
 * Many are intended for young travellers and, as such, have an age restriction (usually from 18 to 30 or 35).
 * There are usually limits on the type of employment taken or the time the traveller can be employed.
 * The visa holder is expected to have sufficient funds to live on while seeking employment.
 * The visa holder should have some kind of health or travel insurance for the duration of the stay unless the country will cover it.

Countries and territories offering working holiday visas
About 70 countries signed bilateral Working Holiday program agreements:
 * Africa and Middle East: 🇿🇦, 🇮🇱
 * Asia: 🇭🇰, 🇮🇳, 🇮🇩, 🇯🇵, 🇰🇷, 🇲🇾, 🇲🇳, 🇵🇭,, 🇹🇼, 🇹🇭, 🇺🇿, 🇻🇳
 * Europe： 🇦🇩, 🇦🇹, 🇧🇪, 🇭🇷, 🇨🇾, 🇨🇿, 🇩🇰, 🇪🇪, 🇫🇮, 🇫🇷,, 🇩🇪, 🇬🇷, 🇭🇺, 🇮🇸, 🇮🇪, 🇮🇹, 🇱🇻, 🇱🇹, 🇱🇺, 🇲🇹, 🇲🇨, 🇳🇱, 🇳🇴, 🇵🇱, , 🇷🇴, 🇷🇺, 🇸🇲, 🇸🇰, 🇸🇮, 🇪🇸, 🇸🇪, 🇨🇭, 🇺🇦, 🇹🇷, 🇬🇧
 * North America： 🇨🇦, 🇲🇽
 * Central America： 🇨🇷
 * Oceania: 🇦🇺, 🇳🇿, 🇵🇬
 * South America： 🇦🇷, 🇧🇷, 🇨🇱, 🇨🇴, 🇪🇨, 🇵🇪,

Andorra

 * Citizens of Canada, Iceland, Ireland, Germany, South Korea and the United Kingdom aged 18 to 30 may apply for a 1-year Andorran working holiday visa in the Principality of Andorra.

Argentina

 * The working holiday visa allows a stay of up to 12 months and is available to citizens of Australia, Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia and Sweden in the Argentine Republic.
 * The working holiday scheme between young people of Argentina and South Korea are aimed at both citizens interested in applying for a one-year visa to live, work, travel and is to begin in 2019.
 * Argentina's Working Holiday Program provides opportunities for people aged between 18 and 30 years (inclusive) to holiday in República Argentina and to supplement their travel funds through incidental employment.

Australia
Working Holiday Visa Subclass 417: Belgium, Canada, Republic of Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Republic of China, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Taiwan, United Kingdom United Kingdom and Northern Ireland. Work and Holiday Visa Subclass 462: Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Greece, Hungary, Indonesia, Israel, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Portugal, San Marino, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Uruguay, United States and Vietnam.
 * The Working Holiday Visa requires holders to abide by two conditions: First, they cannot work for the same employer for more than 6 months. Second, they cannot engage in any study or training for more than 4 months.
 * Australia's Working Holiday program provides opportunities for people aged between 18 and 30 years to holiday in Australia and to supplement their travel funds through short-term employment. On November 1, 2018, Australia announced an increase in the age limit to 35 years for Irish and Canadian citizens (on July 1, 2019 for French citizens) applying for a Working Holiday Visa to Australia.
 * The visa allows a stay of up to 12 months from the date of first entry to Australia, regardless of whether the holder spends the whole time in Australia. There is an optional 12-month extension available for individuals that have completed three months specified work in designated rural areas of Australia.
 * As of July 1, 2019, Working Holiday Visa holders who undertake six-months of specified work in a specified regional area during their second year may be eligible for a third-year visa.
 * Any kind of work of a temporary or casual nature is allowed, but work for more than six months with any one employer is usually not permitted. New rules allow Working Holiday Visa holders to work longer than six months with one employer.
 * Working holiday visa holders are entitled to study or embark on a training course for a maximum of four months.
 * Individuals may be subject to medical checks prior to coming to Australia particularly if seeking employment in healthcare or teaching. Applicants will be informed by the online application system if they require medical checks.
 * The Australian working holiday visa is only available to eligible candidates once in a lifetime, although by undertaking work in a specified industry in regional Australia, it is possible to gain eligibility to an additional 12-month working holiday visa.
 * Eligible countries for WHV Australia
 * Australia has reciprocal Working Holiday maker arrangements in effect with the United Kingdom, South Korea, Germany, Canada, the Netherlands, Japan, Taiwan, Ireland, Malta, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Hong Kong, Finland, Cyprus, France, Italy, Belgium, and Estonia Passport holders from these nations may apply for a Working Holiday Visa subclass 417 in Commonwealth of Australia.
 * Passport holders from Argentina, China, Chile, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Greece, Indonesia, Israel, Malaysia, Luxembourg, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Portugal, San Marino, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, United States, Uruguay, Vietnam and Hungary can apply for a work and holiday visa subclass 462, provided they have a tertiary education (except for individuals from the United States).
 * New Zealand passport holders can work in Australia with few restrictions under the Trans-Tasman travel arrangement.
 * On 15 June 2021, the United Kingdom and Australia reached an historic Free Trade Agreement. As part of the agreement, Working Holiday Visa rights for British Citizens in Australia have been expanded with the cut-off age being increased to 35 years old. In addition British citizens will no longer be required to perform agricultural work in order to be able to renew the visa, which will be able to be renewed twice for a maximum stay in Australia of three years.

Austria

 * Citizens of Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan and the United States aged 18–30 can apply for a 6-month and one year Austrian working holiday visa (which also permits study).
 * Austria currently has a Youth Workers Exchange Program called Swap available to Canada graduates aged between 18 and 30.

Belgium

 * Citizens of Australia, Canada, South Korea, New Zealand and Taiwan aged 18–30 may be eligible for a 1-year Belgian working holiday visa in the Belgium Federal Public.
 * As Belgium is a Schengen Agreement signatory the 2 year Belgian working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa which permits the holder to stay and work in the Kingdom of Belgium during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).

Brazil

 * Citizens of France, Germany and New Zealand aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Brazilian working holiday visa in the Federative Republic of Brazil.
 * A new exchange programme for young youths goes into 🇧🇷🇰🇷 citizens in sooner 2020 and gives opportunities a limited period of 1 or 2 years to stay, work, trip plus study with life's experiences.

Canada

 * The International Experience Canada are now known as IEC (International Experience Canada) work permits.
 * Citizens of Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong SAR, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Ukraine and the United Kingdom are eligible for a Canadian working holiday visa, so long as they fulfill certain criteria which are specific to each country.
 * Citizens of the U.S. who are full-time students (or have been within the past 9 months) are eligible for 12-month working holiday permits if obtained through the intermediary organization SWAP.
 * Citizens of Poland between the ages of 18 and 35 are eligible from 2009. Canada has also signed an agreement with Spain.
 * Citizens of Ukraine between the ages of 18 and 25 are eligible from 2010. There are no restriction for applicants status (non-students).
 * Age ranges are 18–30 for most countries; 18–35 for citizens of Australia, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal and Switzerland. Some countries' programmes specify that the applicant must be a full-time student; others do not, and some have separate programmes for students and non-students.
 * The type of work allowed and the maximum duration of stay depends on the applicant's country of residence.
 * Canada has a quota system. Candidate profiles are drawn at random from pools. This is because in many countries there are many applicants competing for a spot in a very limited period although many have argued that a lottery-type program would be fairer.

There are "rounds of invitations" sent out on a regular basis, as long as there are spots available. If candidates receive an invitation to apply, they have 10 days ONLY to accept or decline it.

Chile

 * Citizens of Australia, Austria, Canada, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, South Korea and Sweden aged 18–30 or 35 (in the case of Canada and Hungary) can apply for a 1-year Chilean working holiday visa. Also, if they can provide evidence of holding a medical and comprehensive hospitalisation insurance to remain in force throughout his/her stay in the Republic of Chile.
 * Also citizens of Colombia, Mexico, Peru can apply to the Pacific Alliance (Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru) work and holiday visa in the República de Chile.
 * Chile and The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg signed a Working Holiday Agreement in July 2018.
 * Chilean citizens up to 35 years old can apply for a "Young Professionals" visa in Switzerland, where they can stay up to 18 months working in a job related to their degree or vocational training. A job offer is required to apply for this visa.

Colombia

 * Citizens of Chile, Mexico, or Peru can apply to the Pacific Alliance work and holiday visa valid for up to one year in República de Colombia.
 * Citizens of France aged 18–30 can apply for a one-year Colombian working holiday visa in Colombia.

Costa Rica

 * Citizens of Canada aged 18–35 are eligible for a working holiday visa in the Republic of Costa Rica, valid for up to 12 months.

Croatia

 * Citizens of Canada, Chile and New Zealand aged 18–30 are eligible for a working holiday visa in the Republic of Croatia, valid for up to one year.

Cyprus

 * Citizens of Australia aged 18 to 25 are eligible for a working holiday visa in Cyprus, valid for up to 1 year.

Czech Republic

 * Citizens of Australia, Canada, Chile, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea and Taiwan aged 18–30 or 35 (18-26 for Australians) can apply for a 1 or 2-year Czech working holiday visa in the Czech Republic.
 * As the Czech Republic is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 2 year Czech working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in the Czech Republic during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).

Denmark

 * Citizens of Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Japan, New Zealand and South Korea Can apply for a 1-year Danish working holiday visa in the Kingdom of Denmark. Applicants must be between the ages of 18 and 30.
 * As Denmark is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the one year Danish working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in Kongeriget Danmark during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's one year validity).

Ecuador

 * Citizens of Australia and France aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Ecuadorian working holiday visa in the Republic of Ecuador.

Estonia

 * Under the Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of Estonia and Australia, Canada, Japan, and New Zealand visas are being issued, granting the right to work to 18–30 years old Australian, Canadian, New Zealander, who may stay in the Republic of Estonia for up to 1 year.
 * From 2020, a Youth Mobility Program for young Estonians & Koreans took effect in 🇪🇪🇰🇷.

Finland

 * Citizens of Australia, Canada, (18-35) Japan, New Zealand aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Finnish working holiday visa in Finland.
 * The two States of Finnish & South Korean have agreed about the Working Holiday Visa Program and is going to take effect in 🇫🇮🇰🇷 from 2020.
 * As Finland is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year Finnish working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in the Republic of Finland during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).

France

 * Citizens of Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Hong Kong, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan and Uruguay, aged 18–30 (or 18-35 for Australia, Canada and Argentina passport holders) can apply for a 1-year French working holiday visa (Permis Vacances Travail, usually called PVT).
 * As France is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year French working holiday residence permit allows the holder to stay and work in République française during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).
 * Note that citizens of Albania, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Israel, Macedonia, Malaysia, Mauritius, Monaco, Montenegro, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Seychelles, Taiwan, Uruguay and the Vatican City, as well as British Nationals (Overseas), of any age who wish to work in France for up to 90 days can do so without a visa or work permit. Other foreign nationals who are ordinarily visa exempt may be able to work in France without a visa if a valid work permit is held prior to entry.

Georgia

 * The state programme to work and travel are now available in Georgia.

Germany

 * Citizens of Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Republic of Korea (South Korea), New Zealand, Taiwan and Uruguay aged between 18 and 30 may apply for a 1-year German working holiday visa.
 * Citizens of Canada between 18 and 35 years of age may apply as well. There is no limit on the duration of employment, during the stay of up to 12 months. Evidence of sufficient funds for the first three months is required (i.e. 250 euro per month).
 * Among other nationalities - the European Union, the European Economic Area, Australians, Canadians, Israeli, Japanese, South Koreans, New Zealanders, Swiss, and Americans can apply for a residence permit to remain in Bundesrepublik Deutschland if they find long-term work that they are uniquely qualified to do. This is subject to approval by the government employment office - Bundesagentur für Arbeit. (See §16 AufenthV )
 * As Germany is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1-year German working holiday residence permit allows the holder to stay and work in the Federal Republic of Germany during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).

Greece

 * Citizens of Australia and Canada aged 18 to 30 can apply for a one-year Greek working holiday visa in the Hellenic Republic.
 * As Greece is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year Greek working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in Greece during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).

Greenland

 * There will be no reason not to do a sign of a working holiday program but is now not being around discussions at all between Greenland and South Korea.

Hong Kong

 * Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government has the working holiday visa agreements with Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, South Korea, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
 * Agree to hold medical and comprehensive hospitalisation and liability insurance Separately, Hong Kong residents 18 to 30 ages who are British National (Overseas) can apply for UK Youth Mobility Scheme without sponsors.

Hungary

 * Citizens of Argentina, Australia, Chile, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea and Taiwan between the ages 18–30 and 35 may apply for a 1-year Hungarian working holiday visa in the Republic of Hungary.
 * As Hungary is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year Hungarian working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in the State of Hungary during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).

Iceland

 * Citizens of Andorra, Canada, (2-year) Chile, Japan, and the United Kingdom (2-year) aged 18 to 30 may apply for a one-year Icelandic working holiday visa in the Republic of Iceland.

India

 * In the context of the Australia-India Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement, Australia has agreed to extend access to the Work and Holiday (subclass 462) visa to up to 1,000 Indian citizens each year.
 * Within two years, Australia will put in place arrangements to allow eligible Indian citizens aged between 18 and 30 to apply for a Work and Holiday visa to visit Australia for one year and undertake short-term work and study while holidaying.
 * As part of a new agreement with India, the UK government has agreed (albeit in a non-binding agreement) to participate in a scheme aimed at allowing increased mobility for a limited number of young people between India and the UK. It has some similarities to the existing Youth Mobility Scheme, and will allow up to 3,000 Indian nationals per year aged between 18 and 30 to come to the UK to live and work for a period of up to two years. In return, 3,000 UK nationals a year will be able to do the same in India.
 * An agreement of the Working Holiday Programme has signed by India and Austria.

Indonesia

 * Citizens of Australia aged 18–30 with functional Indonesian language skills and at least two years of university education can apply for a 12-month Work and Holiday visa in the Republic of Indonesia.

Ireland

 * Citizens of Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Chile, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan, the U.S. and Uruguay aged 18–30 (inclusive) and of Australia aged 18–35 (inclusive) may be eligible for a one-year Irish working holiday visa in Ireland.
 * Citizens of Canada between the ages of 18 and 35 are eligible for a two-year working holiday visa.

Israel

 * Citizens of Australia, Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea and Taiwan between the ages of 18 and 30 can apply for a 1-year Israeli working holiday visa in the State of Israel.

Italy

 * Citizens of Australia, Canada, (18-35) Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand and South Korea aged between 18 and 30 can apply for a 1- year Italian working holiday visa in Repubblica Italiana.
 * Citizens of Canada aged between 18 and 35 can apply for a two-year Italian working holiday visa in the Italian Republic.
 * As Italy is a Schengen Agreement signatory the two year Italian working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in the Italian republic during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).

Japan

 * Japan initiated its working holiday programmes with Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the Republic of Korea, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Norway, Portugal, Poland, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, Spain, Argentina, Chile, Iceland, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Sweden, Estonia, the Netherlands, Uruguay, Finland, Latvia, Italy, Israel, Malta and Luxembourg.
 * Japan's Working Holiday Programmes are designed to foster young people with global perspective and enhance friendly relationship between Japan and partner countries/regions by providing opportunities for the young people to deepen their understanding about partner countries/regions.
 * Japan's Working Holiday participants are allowed to work for a certain period of their stay in order to cover the cost of travel funds to travel and stay in partner countries/regions.
 * Citizens of the following 15 countries who are between the ages of 18 and 30 are eligible for the Working Holiday Programmes in the State of Japan:
 * Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, South Korea, Taiwan and the United Kingdom

 * A one-year visa may be granted to citizens of Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, South Korea, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, and the United Kingdom—with no extension possible. A six-month visa may be granted to citizens of Australia which can be extended twice and once for citizens of New Zealand and Canada.

Latvia

 * Citizens of Australia, Canada, Japan, and New Zealand between the ages of 18 and 30 (18–35 for Canada) can apply for a 1-year Latvian working holiday visa in the Latvian Republic.
 * From this 2020 a Youth Mobility Program for young Latvians & Koreans are going to take effect in 🇱🇻🇰🇷.

Liechtenstein

 * Unfortunately Citizens of South Korean Young People are not have entitled yet to their own any other types of Exchange Programs to spend up to a year in the Principality of Liechtenstein.

Lithuania

 * Citizens of Canada, Japan, New Zealand Ages of 18-30 or 35 inclusively on the date the application can get a 1-year Lithuanian working holiday visa.
 * From this 2020 a Youth Mobility Program for young Lithuanians & Koreans are going to take effect in 🇱🇹🇰🇷.
 * As the Republic of Lithuania is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year Lithuanian working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in Lithuania during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).

Luxembourg

 * The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg signed bilateral agreements with Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, and Taiwan which allow a limited number of young citizens between 18 and 30 years of age from these countries to undertake a stay of one year in Luxembourg.
 * Luxembourg signed a Working Holiday Agreement with Chile in July 2018.
 * 🇱🇺🇰🇷 signed.

Malaysia

 * Citizens of New Zealand aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Malaysian working holiday visa in the Federation of Malaysia.
 * Citizens of Australia aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Malaysian working holiday visa under the work and holiday visa programme for the Federation of Malaysia.
 * University students in Malaysia aged 18 to 28 can apply for Winter and Summer Work Travel (under the J1-visa to the US).

Malta

 * Citizens of Australia, Japan, New Zealand, and 🇲🇹🇰🇷 (on discussing) aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Maltese working holiday visa in the Republic of Malta.

Mexico

 * Citizens of Canada, France, Germany, New Zealand, South Korea are eligible for a Mexican working holiday visa in Mexico valid for 1 year or some kind of 2 year. Applicants must be aged 18–29 and 30.
 * Citizens of Chile, Colombia, Peru are eligible for the Pacific Alliance working holiday visa in the United Mexican States valid for 1 year to Chileans, Colombians, Peruvians aged 18–30.

Monaco

 * British citizens between the ages of 18 and 30 can apply for a two-year Monégasque working holiday visa in the Principality of Monaco.

Mongolia

 * Citizens of Australia aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Mongolian working holiday visa in Mongolia.

Netherlands

 * Residents of countries within the European Union can come to reside in the Netherlands without a residence permit. Immigrants from some countries such as Australia, Canada, South Korea, New Zealand and the U.S.
 * Citizens of Argentina, Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan and Uruguay between the ages of 18-30 are eligible for a 1-year Dutch working holiday visa in the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
 * As the Netherlands is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year Dutch working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in the Netherlands during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).

New Zealand

 * Available to citizens of the following 45 countries or regions:
 * Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay and Vietnam.

 * No working holiday visa is required for Australia citizens. All Australian citizens, regardless of their age or education (but subject to being of good character), are granted a residence class visa at the border upon entering New Zealand by virtue of the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement.
 * Citizens of Canada and the United Kingdom can work in New Zealand for up to 23 months on a working holiday visa; citizens of other countries can work up to 12 months.
 * Citizens of most countries have to be at least 18 and not more than 30. However, Canada, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Finland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary have to be at least 18 and not more than 35 years old.
 * Most travellers can enroll in one training or study course of up to three months duration during their visit. Australian citizens can study in New Zealand indefinitely.

Norway

 * Citizens of Argentina, Australia, Japan and New Zealand who are between the ages of 18 and 30 (inclusive) are eligible for a one-time, Norwegian working holiday visa in the Kingdom of Norway.
 * Citizens of Canada who are the ages of 18-35 are eligible for a 1-year Nordic working holiday visa in the Kingdom of Norway.

Papua New Guinea

 * Citizens of Australia aged 18–30 may be eligible for a 2-year Papua New Guinean working holiday visa in the Independent State of Papua New Guinea.

Peru

 * Citizens of Chile, Colombia, Mexico are eligible for the Pacific Alliance working holiday visa in República del Perú.
 * Citizens of Australia, France, New Zealand and Portugal aged 18–30 can apply for a one-year Peruvian working holiday visa in the Republic of Peru.

Philippines

 * Citizens of New Zealand aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Philippine working holiday visa in the Republic of the Philippines.

Poland

 * Poland and South Korea have signed the working holiday visa program This agreement will start in April 2018 in both nations.
 * Citizens of Canada Ages of 18 to 35 years old are eligible the Polish working holiday scheme in the Republic of Poland.
 * Citizens of Argentina, Australia, Chile, Japan, New Zealand and Taiwan between 18 and 30 years old both inclusive at the time of application can apply for the Polish working holiday visa.
 * As Poland is a Schengen Agreement signatory the 2 year Polish working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa which permits the holder to stay and work in Rzeczpospolita Polska during the visa's period of validity as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's one year validity).

Portugal

 * Citizens of Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Japan, New Zealand, Peru, South Korea and the United States aged 18 to 30 (18 to 35 for Canada) can apply for a two-year Portuguese working holiday visa in the Portuguese Republic.
 * As Portugal is a Schengen Agreement signatory the 2 year Portuguese working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in República Portuguesa during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's one year validity).

Romania

 * The Romanian government has the working holiday programme agreement with the Republic of Korea thus citizens of South Korea between the ages of 18 and 30 year olds can apply for a 1-year Romanian working holiday visa in Romania.

Russia

 * Citizens of 400 French between the ages of 18 and 30 can apply for a four-month Russian working holiday visa in the Russian Federation. However, the work and holiday program is currently banned because of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

San Marino

 * The working holiday visa of the Republic of San Marino is available to citizens of Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom for up to one year.

Singapore

 * Undergraduate university students or recent graduates from universities in Australia, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Switzerland, United Kingdom or United States aged between 18 and 25 can apply for a 6-month Work Holiday Pass under Singapore's Work Holiday Programme. Uniquely, there are no stated restrictions on nationality, only that the applicant be a student or graduate from a university in the listed countries.
 * Citizens of Australia aged between 18 and 30 with who have studied at university for at least 2 years may also apply for a 12-month visa under the Work and Holiday Visa Programme.
 * The universities must be recognised by the university's home government.

Slovakia

 * Citizens of Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand and Taiwan aged 18–30 or 35 can apply for a 1-year Slovak working holiday visa in the Slovak Republic.
 * The two nations of 🇸🇰🇰🇷 are in negotiations on a Working Holiday Program It will be signed in this 2020.
 * As Slovakia is a Schengen Agreement signatory the 1 year Slovakian working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa which permits the holder to stay and work in Slovenská republika during the visa's period of validity as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).

Slovenia

 * Citizens of Argentina, Australia, (18-31) Canada, (18-35) New Zealand, and 🇸🇮🇰🇷 (on discussing) aged 18–30 can apply for a 1-year Slovene working holiday visa in the Republic of Slovenia.
 * As Slovenia is a Schengen Agreement signatory the 1 year Slovenian working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa which permits the holder to stay and work in Republic of Slovenia during the visa's period of validity as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).

South Africa

 * The Republic of South Africa, from where 17,000 young people previously visited the UK under the Working Holiday scheme, is also not part of the British Tier 5 Youth Mobility Scheme. However, university level students and recent graduates of any nationality are eligible to apply for a 6-month Internship in Britain through BUNAC (officially known as the BUNAC Blue Card Internship Programme).
 * Canadian students may work in the Republic of South Africa for a 12-month period through Swap.

South Korea

 * Citizens of Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Türkiye, UK, USA, Uzbekistan, Vietnam may do the Korea WHP.
 * No quota to Australia, Chile, Denmark, Germany, Sweden.
 * The Korea with Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam will join a WHS.
 * Note Youths of Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Brunei, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Cameroon, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, (since 1965) Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Spain, Sudan, Tunisia, Türkiye, UAE, Vietnam can enjoy an IYE (International Youth Exchange) program.
 * Notice If Countries/Territories/Groups in Abkhazia, Afghanistan, Akrotiri & Dhekelia, Alaska, Albania, Aleutian, Algeria, American Samoa, Anglesey, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua & Barbuda, Appat, Aquidneck, Argentine Antarctica, Artsakh, Aruba, Ashmore & Cartier, Asmara, Ascension, ATO zone, Australian Antarctic Territory, Azores, Baccalieu, Baffin, the Bahamas, Bahrain, Baker, Bali, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Bell, Benin, Berlengas, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bissagos, Boa Vista, Bolivia, Bonaire, Bora Bora & Mo’orea, Borðoy, Borneo, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Botswana, Brava, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin, Buffer Zone, Burger King islands, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canary, Cape Breton, Cape Verde, CAR, Cayman, Central African Republic, Chad, Channel, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Clipperton, Comoros, Conanicut, Congo, DRCongo, Cook, Coral Sea, Corvo, Costa Rica, Crimea, Croatia, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Northern Cyprus, Darfur, Desertas, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Djibouti, Easter, Ecuador, El Hierro, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Eysturoy, Faial, Falkland, Faroe, Fiji, Flores, Fogo, French Guiana, Polynesia, Southern & Antarctic Lands & West Indies, Fuerteventura, Fugloy, Funk, Gabon, Galápagos Province, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Gibraltar, Graciosa, Gran Canaria, Greenland, Grenada, Gorno-Badakhshan, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guernsey, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Hainan, Haiti, Harbor, Hawaii, Heard & McDonalds, Hebrides, Hestur, the Holy See, Honduras, Howland, Ibiza, Iceland, Iran, Iraq, Isle of Man, Scilly, Wight, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jan Mayen, Jarvis, Java, Jersey, Johnston, Jordan, Kahoʻolawe, Kangaroo, Kauai, Kazakhstan, Kellys, Kenya, Kiribati, Kish, Koltur, Kosovo, Kure, Kunoy, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, La Gomera, Lagoon, Lanai, Lanzarote, La Palma, La Réunion, Lau Province, Lebanon, Lefkada, Lesotho, Lesser Antilles, Leticia, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Line, Lítla Dímun, Long, Luzon, North Macedonia, Madagascar, Madeira, Maio, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Margarita, Mariana, Marshall, Martha's Vineyard, Matinicus, Martinique, Maui, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Micronesia, Midway, Mindoro, Minor Outlying, Moldova, Molokai, Monaco, Monhegan, Montenegro, Montserrat, Mount Athos, Mozambique, Mykines, Nagorno-Karabakh, Namibia, Nantucket, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, Newfoundland & Labrador, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niihau, Niue, Northern Mariana, Nólsoy, Norfolk, Norway, Oahu, Oak, Oman, Orkney, Palau, Palawan, Palmyra, Papua New Guinea, State of Palestine, Panama, Paradise, Paraguay, Peloponnese, Peru, Peter I, Pico, Pitcairn, Porto Santo, Prudence, Puerto Rico, Punta Cana, Queen Maud, Random, Réunion, Ross Dependency, Rwanda, Saba, Sable & Sarawak, Sabah, Sahrawi Republic, Sal, Samoa, San Andrés, Sandoy, San Marino, Santa Luzia, Santa Maria, Santiago, Santo Antão, Sardinia, Senegal, Seychelles, São Jorge, São Nicolau, São Miguel, São Tomé & Príncipe, São Vicente, Savage, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Serbia, Shetland, Shoals, Skúvoy, Somalia, Somaliland, Solomon, South Africa, South Georgia & Sandwich, South Ossetia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, St. Barthélemy, St. Eustatius, St. Helena, St. Kitts & Nevis, (St. Christopher & Nevis) St. Lucia, St. Maarten, St. Martin, St. Michael's Mount, St. Peter & St Paul Archipelago, St. Pierre & Miquelon, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Stóra Dímun, Streymoy, Sudan, Sumatra, Suðuroy, Suriname, Surtsey, Svalbard, Svínoy, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Tasmania, Tenerife, Terceira, Tibet, Timor-Leste, Tioman, Togo, Tokelau, Transnistria, Trinidad & Tobago, Tristan da Cunha, Turks & Caicos, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Vágar, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Viðoy, Virgin, Wake, Wallis & Futuna, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, African Union, Antarctica, Arab world, Atlantic Ocean, BRICS, CELAC, Central America, Central Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, Mercosur, Middle East, MIKTA, North Africa, North America, Oceania, Pacific Ocean, Red Sea, South America, Southeast Asia, Sub Saharan Africa, United Nations  hopes to join the program may further expand as well as time goes by.

Spain

 * Citizens of Australia, Japan, and New Zealand aged 18–30 can apply for a one-year Spanish working holiday visa in the Kingdom of Spain.
 * Spain has signed an agreement with Canada called the "Youth Mobility Program" that allows 18 to 35 year olds to spend up to a year in Spain. The annual visa acceptance quota for this program is 1000.
 * Citizens of Spain and South Korea have reached an agreement on a working holiday visa program will allow one-thousand young people from Korea and Spain to live, work, travel in the other country for up to a year and is also set to take effect in February or March 2018 after necessary procedures are carried out.
 * As Spain is a Schengen Agreement signatory, the 1 year Spanish working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in Spain during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).

Sweden

 * The Swedish governments currently offers a working holiday visa program from outside the European Union countries to Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea and Uruguay passport holders for up to 1 year in the Kingdom of Sweden.
 * As Sweden is a Schengen Agreement signatory the twenty four months Swedish working holiday visa serves as a Type D national visa, which permits the holder to stay and work in Konungariket Sverige during the visa's period of validity, as well as travelling in the rest of the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period (i.e. a maximum of 180 days in the 25 other Schengen countries during the visa's 1 year validity).

Switzerland

 * Citizens of Australia (18-30), Canada (aged 18–35), and Chile (18-30) can apply for a 1-year Swiss working holiday visa in Swiss Confederation.

Taiwan

 * Since the program was launched, Taiwan has signed working holiday agreements with 18 countries, i.e., Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Slovakia, and the United Kingdom. As agreements may differ with regard to the quota of participants, age restrictions, and maximum duration of stay, foreign youth are advised to check the terms of the agreement that pertains to their home country and abide by Taiwan's laws and regulations.

Thailand

 * Citizens of Australia and New Zealand are eligible for a 1-year Thai working holiday visa in the Kingdom of Thailand.
 * Applicants must be aged between 18 and 30, and have tertiary qualifications (full-time courses with at least 3 years of study).
 * Applicants must have an Australian passport valid for at least 6 months or a New Zealand passport valid for at least 12 months, a return ticket or sufficient funds to purchase one, and funds of at least A$5,000 or NZ$7,000, and must be in good health and hold comprehensive medical insurance.
 * Applications must be made at the Thai Embassy in Canberra or the Thai Consulate in Sydney for Australian nationals, or at the Thai Embassy in Wellington for New Zealand nationals.

Turkey

 * The Turkish working holiday visa allows a stay of up to 12 months and is available to Australia and New Zealand citizens.
 * Citizens of personal of Turks and Koreans have already been on actually participating for a work and holiday program in a row for a few years without an official sign of the arrangement so that it would be available to be allowed officially into force maybe later.
 * The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey's Working Holiday Program provides opportunities for young people aged between 18 and 30 years old (inclusive) to holiday in the Republic of Turkey and to supplement their travel funds through incidental employment.

Ukraine

 * Citizens of Canada aged 18–25 can apply for a 1-year Ukrainian working holiday visa.

United Kingdom

 * On 27 November 2008, a number of youth mobility schemes were combined into Tier 5 (Youth Mobility) as part of the Points-Based Immigration System. The previous Working Holidaymaker Scheme for Commonwealth nationals was merged with other schemes: au pairs, BUNAC, the Gap Year entrants concession, the Japan Youth Exchange Scheme and the concession for research assistants to MPs. Participating countries must offer a reciprocal scheme to young British nationals. The scheme has 13 participating countries: Andorra, Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Iceland, India, Japan, South Korea, Monaco, New Zealand, San Marino, Taiwan, Uruguay and British nationals who are not citizens of the UK including British Nationals (Overseas), British Overseas Territory Citizens and British Overseas Citizens can also apply in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
 * The 24 month validity period runs continuously from the date from which the Entry Clearance is valid, regardless of any time spent travelling outside the UK. This period cannot be extended nor can it be put on hold., except for nationals of New Zealand, Australia and Canada who can apply to extend their visas for a third year.
 * Although participants can undertake self-funded study while they are in the UK, either part-time or full-time, they cannot switch in the UK to student immigration status. Someone who wishes to stay longer in the UK to complete a full-time course must apply in their home country for a student visa. If someone does complete a course of study in the UK during their Tier 5 leave, they will not be eligible to switch to the Tier 1 (Post Study Work) scheme within the UK.

Uruguay

 * The Uruguayan working holiday visa programmes allows a stay of up to 12 months and is available to Australia, France, Germany, Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, and the United Kingdom citizens in the Oriental-Eastern Republic of Uruguay.
 * Uruguay's Working Holiday Program provides opportunities for people aged between 18 and 30 years (inclusive) to holiday in Uruguay and to supplement their travel funds through incidental employment.

Uzbekistan

 * Citizens of individuals South Korean might be able to participates a sort of programs for healthcare, education, culture, tourism and including the working holiday soon in the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Vietnam

 * The Vietnamese working holiday visa allows a stay of up to 1 year and is available to citizens of Australia and New Zealand in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
 * 🇰🇷 's WHP.

title: Working holiday visa


text:
Angie Milliken

Angie Milliken is an Australian actress.

Early life
Milliken was born and raised in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. She completed a Bachelor of Arts degree in sociology then turned to acting.

Career
Milliken first became noticed when she starred in the 1991 made-for-TV movie Act of Necessity for which she was nominated for an Australian Film Institute (AFI) Award.

Throughout the 1990s, Milliken starred as Jo Moody in a series of telemovies with Robert Taylor, called The Feds, and in 1999 starred in Paperback Hero, as well as guest starring on Farscape and Stingers. In 1992 she was in the film Eight Ball and in 1996 she memorably featured in Dead Heart.

She regularly performed on stage for Sydney Theatre Company and became a well known face in the Australian film and television industry. In 2001, she won an AFI award for her role in My Brother Jack and then starred in the acclaimed The Shark Net (2003).

From 2003 to 2005 Milliken starred as Amanda McKay, a lawyer, on MDA, winning an AFI Award in 2003.

Milliken starred in The Condemned in 2007 and has also appeared in an episode of CSI: Miami. Milliken played Jamie Thompson's mother in This Isn't Funny in 2015.

In 2012 Milliken returned to stage acting in Benedict Andrews' Every Breath for Belvoir Street Theatre and The Effect, a joint project of the Sydney Theatre Company and the Queensland Theatre Company.

Nominations and awards

 * Act of Necessity, 1991 – nominated for an Australian Film Institute (AFI) Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role
 * My Brother Jack, 2001 – won AFI Award for Best Actress in a Telefeature or Mini Series
 * MDA, 2003 – won AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role in a Television Drama or Comedy

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Angie Milliken


text:
Talk:Assembly of Experts

Another question
In the Function section, the entry states: "Whenever the Leader becomes incapable of fulfilling his constitutional duties, or lobs one of the qualifications mentioned in" Constitution, "or it becomes known that he did not possess some of the qualifications initially, he will be dismissed."[5] (The assembly has never dismissed a sitting Supreme Leader.)

Then in the History section, the entry states: The Assembly of Experts of the Leadership was first elected and convened in 1983. The first Assembly of Experts chose Ayatollah Montazeri as the successor to Supreme Leader Grand Ayatollah Khomeini. In 1989, however, they reversed their decision and dismissed him after Khomeini denounced him.[12

This was confusing to me, seeming to either be contradictory or imply that Montazeri wasn't a 'sitting Supreme Leader'.

Clarification?
 * Montazeri never was a sitting Supreme Leader. He was in line to succeed Khomeini before Khomeini got mad at him.  The Behnam 18:06, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

A question
Is Supreme Leader elected from amoungst the members of the Assembly of Experts or from outside the Assembly ?

-- Siyac 17:22, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Supreme Leader can be elected from amoungst the members of AE or from outside. For more information refer to http://www.leader.ir/langs/EN/index.php?p=leader_law --farhoudk 27 Nov 2006

Democratic or despotic
When was the last time this assembly was elected? What were the results?

Can just anyone run for office? Do candidates have freedom of speech or press? What about people who don't want to run, but have a comment - do they have freedom of speech or press? --Uncle Ed 20:16, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The Khobregan [Assembly of Experts], which meets for one week every year, consists of 86 "virtuous and learned" clerics elected by the public to eight-year terms. Like presidential and parliamentary elections, the Council of Guardians determines who can run for a seat in the assembly. Members of the Assembly of Experts in turn elect the Supreme Leader from within their own ranks and periodically reconfirm him. The assembly has never been known to challenge any of the Supreme Leader's decisions. Meetings are held behind closed doors and little is known about the decisions that are made. This secrecy is a sore point for many observers.

 * If anything the dominant faction had shown its opposition to any opening of the political climate by attacking gatherings, banning newspapers, arresting writers and journalists, and threatening them with the death penalty for treason. This extra 8.5 million is made up of those who cast blank votes (5% in Teheran), those who simply submitted to the ideological-political pressures to vote, and those afraid of ending up without an election stamp on their ID. In times of intense economic hardship - as now - this could deprive them of food and other vital ration coupons. What this makes clear is that the people find it easier to use elections to show their opposition by voting than by boycotting.

Hmm. A "congressional" body which never disagrees with the chief executive? And an election used to give the body credibility (by saying nobody boycotted it), while failure to vote carries dire penalties, and yet people still boycotted the vote?

This article fails to meet any sort of encyclopedic standards. I think someone cribbed it from the Iranian Embassy site. --Uncle Ed 20:28, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

Mujtahid instead of Ayatollah
Using Ayatollah is wrong. Because the members should be Mujtahid not ayatollah. Some of the members are Hojatoleslam. Even a candidate for 4th assembly of experts ,Mohesen Esmaeli, isn't a cleric. I mean the abality of interpreting Islamic law is essentioal.--Sa.vakilian 10:46, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

there is not yet a difinite clarification between ayatlaah and mojtah — Preceding unsigned comment added by Maisamtabarraiee (talk • contribs) 09:56, 30 September 2014 (UTC)

Vicious circle
The Behnam tries to delete this section. He/She says in the http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assembly_of_Experts&diff=106135110&oldid=106095089 that: "seriously, no OR, no POV, just like Guardian Council. This is WP, not MKO website."

He/She tries to accuse other people who are not in agreement with him/her as being terrorists, anti-IR, anti-mullah, etc. See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Guardian_Council#Vicious_Circle to see his/her impolite wordings. Farhoudk 15:32, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
 * You know we are discussing an identical section elsewhere, so stop pretending that my reverts are without justification. Please see  and you will see that Farhoudk is now pretending that there is no discussion about this section.  The section is practically the same, and has the same problems, and so does not belong on the page.  Patchouli and Farhoudk, please stop pushing your POV on WP.  Thanks!  The Behnam 15:35, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
 * We will not re-add the section here or anywhere else until we reach a resolution at the primary discussion. The Behnam 15:36, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I regret to inform that the "vicious circle" not only should be inserted in the Guardian Council article but also in the Assembly of Experts and Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran as well. Farhoudk 16:26, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I have responded at the Guardian Council talk page. Could we keep the discussion there in its entirety? It is annoying jumping between pages just to say that a response to the same thing was posted elsewhere.  The Behnam 19:24, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

Nonsensical Picture Description
I am not sure why someone would add the picture description "Mullahs-in-chief" to the this image. I suspect it is vandalism. It seems that user Patchouli had added the image and the description. Unless there is an explanation to the description, I will remove it. Agha Nader 02:54, 10 February 2007 (UTC)Agha Nader
 * Please do. That kind of description is perfectly in line with Patchouli's edits, but is not in line with WP rules.  It appears to be an opinionated description.  If you need a formal explanation, consider that there is no such thing as a mullah-in-chief.  The Behnam 02:58, 10 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Confirmed: Patchouli added the image along with the description here . The Behnam 03:02, 10 February 2007 (UTC)
 * The picture itself is sort of no-value-added, and doesn't have any real details, so it may as well be removed in its entirety. Just some random picture from IranFocus.  The Behnam 03:04, 10 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for removing it. I hope user Patchouli will answer for this obvious POV edit. Agha Nader 03:13, 10 February 2007 (UTC) Agha Nader

Confusion over assembly of Experts for the Constitution and for the Leadership
I confused the two as Gerash77 called to my attention. My mistake. Since I've been making mistakes I'll ask a question before editting.

Could not the sentence "The Assembly of Experts of the Leadership was first established in 1983." be made clearer by saying "The Assembly of Experts of the Leadership was first elected and convened in 1983." --Leroy65X 18:09, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, that would be better. Thanks.--Gerash77 19:07, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

Anyone know what was meant by this....?
''The assembly gathers every six months and elects a new Supreme Leader, in the event of dismissal or death of the previous Supreme Leader. ''

Which is it: The assembly gathers every six months and elects a new Supreme Leader

or

''The assembly gathers every six months. In the event of dismissal or death of the previous Supreme Leader it elects a new Supreme Leader. ''

I'm pretty sure it is the second.

Second question: If the second statement is right, what does the assembly do when it meets every six months? Vote on a resolution saying the SL is doing a good job?

Third question: What does this mean:

''... in the event of dismissal or death of the previous Supreme Leader. The experts will review and consult among themselves concerning all the Islamic jurist possessing the qualifications of leadership. In the event they find one of them better versed in Islamic regulations, the subjects of the fiqh, or in political and social issues, or possessing general popularity or special prominence for any of the qualifications of leadership, they shall elect him as the Leader. Otherwise, in the absence of such a superiority, they shall elect and declare one of them as the Leader.''

Otherwise, in the absence of such a superiority, they shall elect and declare one of them as the Leader.

Who is "them"? --Leroy65X 21:22, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The assembly gathers every six months. In the event of dismissal or death of the previous Supreme Leader it elects a new Supreme Leader.  is correct. "Them" refers to themselves, the member of the Assembly. Agha Nader 23:10, 4 April 2007 (UTC)Agha Nader

 * Thank you Agha, I've made the changes in the article. ... BTW any idea what the assembly does when it meets every six months? Are those meetings confidential? --Leroy65X 14:37, 5 April 2007 (UTC)
 * their website lists what each committee does and how they function, the two important ones:
 * 107/109 commission: composes a list of people who can become the leader.
 * 111 commission: decides if the current leader continues to have all the criteria mentioned in the constitution. Members of assembly report to this committee about the issues concerning the current leader, and the committee can then order an emergency meeting of the assembly. If the committee denies this, the members can ask the general assembly for a vote, and if most of the members of assembly decide, there will be an emergency meeting of the assembly for discussing the current leader.
 * the reports are confidential.
 * I think this may be included in the article as well--Gerash77 20:09, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I put this in the article along with some reorganization.
 * One last question: are the 107/109 and 111 "commissions" or "committees"? It reads "Members of assembly report to this committee," but above that there is only a mention of "commissions." --Leroy65X 16:40, 6 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Persian word used in their website is komisiion from french word commission, which could be translated as both commission or committee. I meant the same when I used 'commission' and 'committee'. I don't know the difference between these two words!--Gerash77 18:27, 6 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Otherwise, in the absence of such a superiority, they shall elect and declare one of them as the Leader. Here, "Them" means any of those "possessing general popularity or special prominence for any of the qualifications of leadership"--Gerash77 18:39, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

Number and distribution of the assembly of Experts
Can someone cite the source that describes how many assembly members each province can elect? For example why does Tehran have 16 members while Kerman has three. Is it based on population where the more populated provinces have more members? I am interested in the answer, but more interested in a citation of Iranian law as mentioned in Article 108 of the Iranian Constitution. Throckmorton Guildersleeve (talk) 15:05, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

dismissal of Montazeri
I deleted the sentence stating, that the Assembly of Experts disinvested Montazeri. As I remember

-- Khomeini dismissed him (and a source for this is given)

-- intimidated, Montazeri, resigned from his position as "crown prince"

-- AFTERwards the constitution was emended giving the Council of Experts the power to dismiss a designed leader-in-waiting.

If anybody can give sources for

a) the assembly having had this power already in 1989

b) exercising this (presumed) power,

please change the wording of that paragraph again and give the sources.

Of course, confirmation for the "facts" as I remember them, is welcome too. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.178.107.81 (talk) 09:51, 15 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Just had a look at wiki article on Montazeri confirming my memory. There – on the authority of Moin's book on Khomeiny – it says that Kh. anounced M.'s resignation with M. not contradicting. The assembly undersigned this by later electing another leader.

 * I would be grateful if someone could check when the assembly was given the power to dis-elect an elected successor. I believe it was only after the Montazeri affair.

85.178.90.41 (talk) 12:40, 15 August 2009 (UTC)

Editing table
How do I add a name to the Iranian Assembly of Experts election, 2006 table? Where can the table be editted??

I can't even post the code for the table as I get this message:

''Spam filter notice ''From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ''Jump to: navigation, search ''This is a talk page. Please respect the talk page guidelines, and remember to sign your posts by typing four tildes (BoogaLouie (talk) 21:09, 9 January 2010 (UTC)). ''Group notice  Page notice ''Your edit was not saved because it contains a new external link to a site registered on Wikipedia's blacklist. ''To save your changes now, you must go back and remove the blocked link (shown below), and then save. ''If you feel the link is needed, you can: ''Request that the entire website be allowed, that is, removed from the local or global spam blacklists (check both lists to see which one is affecting you). Request that just the specific page be allowed, without unblocking the whole website, by asking on the spam whitelist talk page. ''Blacklisting indicates past problems with the link, so any requests should clearly demonstrate how inclusion would benefit Wikipedia.

''The following link has triggered a protection filter: http://www.iranmania.*** ''Either that exact link, or a portion of it (typically the root domain name) is currently blocked.

whenever I try to. --BoogaLouie (talk) 21:09, 9 January 2010 (UTC)

assembly leadership needs work
just fodder for someone else to note, Rafsanjani's out as president and there seems to be some strangeness with who are the vice presidents. If I understand things right, the 1st VP is born in Najaf and used to run SCIRI there which is tied to Ayatollah Sistani. TMLutas (talk) 07:05, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

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External links modified
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Member Expert Assembly
Is there a three letter abreviation for Members of Expert Assembly? Similar to
 * "Member Legislative Council" (MLC)
 * "Member Legislative Assembly" (MLA)
 * "Member House Representatives" (MHR)
 * "Member Parliament" (MP)
 * "Member Expert Assembly" (MEA) or (MXA) MountVic127 (talk) 20:49, 29 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Assembly of Experts


text: User:Flehmen/Desk

title: User:Flehmen/Desk


text:
Adjournment in contemplation of dismissal

In criminal procedure, an adjournment in contemplation of dismissal (ACD or ACOD) allows a court to defer the disposition of a defendant's case, with the potential that the defendant's charge will be dismissed if the defendant does not engage in additional criminal conduct or other acts prohibited by the court as a condition of the ACD. The defendant subject to the adjournment in contemplation of dismissal is restored to the status he or she occupied prior to arrest, either during or after the period of adjournment that accompanies the ACD: that is, all records of the arrest and after the period for which the ACD applies; however, in many jurisdictions a local law enforcement record of the arrest is retained by default, unless that record is explicitly expunged.

The judge adjourning in contemplation of dismissal may impose specific conditions on the defendant subject to the ACD, which may include community service, drug rehabilitation, making restitution with a victim of the circumstances, avoiding contact with the victim, or completing some other diversion program. It may also be accompanied by an admonition to abstain from wanton, injurious, criminal, abusive or disruptive behavior. On the acceptance of the ACD and its without disposition and the defendant is released without bail condition.

Application and surrounding process
The burden of proof in the court systems which employ the system of ACD rests with the people (that is, the prosecution). If evidence demonstrating guilt is not presented, the matter is deemed dismissed, and the ACD proceeds along its standard course of action.

United States
In United States criminal law, adjournment in contemplation of dismissal may be offered to a defendant in the interest of justice with a view toward ultimate dismissal of the charge. When available, and granted to a defendant, the judge normally adjourns the case for a period time, often in the range of six months to a year, after which time the case will be dismissed as long as the defendant has stayed out of trouble (i.e., has not been arrested again). In most jurisdictions an ACOD is not classified as a form of probation, and if successfully completed the defendant does not receive a conviction.

Adjournment in contemplation of dismissal may be called by different names in other states. In Maryland, it is termed probation before judgment. In Alabama a similar procedure is called pre-trial diversion or deferred prosecution. In New Jersey, it is called a "conditional discharge".

New York
In New York State, a case subject to an ACD is normally dismissed and sealed on the date of adjournment, except on objection from the prosecution.

There is a separate provision for ACDs involving marijuana in the state of New York, under CPL 170.56.


text:
Talk:Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon (2001 video game)

PS2 versions
Perhaps it should be mention that although Desert Seige was never released on the PS2, it's campaign can be found on the PS2 version of Ghost Recon. The same goes for Island Thunder, which can be found in Jungle Storm as already mentioned by the article.--Lewk_of_Serthic 15:19, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

3rd person view
Is Ghost Recon 3 the only version where its in a 3rd person view? paat 01:21, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

 * No, GR2 was a 3rd Person Shooter. GRAW wasn't the first. (USMA2010 16:30, 25 October 2006 (UTC))

 * GR1 had 3rd person. It was considered cheating by online players since it let u see over rocks. People would say STOP "F1-ing". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.37.59.82 (talk) 06:16, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:GR Desert Siege.jpg
Image:GR Desert Siege.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Fair use rationale for Image:GRGCBox.jpg
Image:GRGCBox.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 17:31, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Tomclancysghostrecon screenshot.jpg
Image:Tomclancysghostrecon screenshot.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 09:48, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Prescient storyline
Does anyone else find it fascinating that the storyline (released 2001) was about a Russian invasion of Georgia in August 2008...which has since come true?

71.116.33.13 (talk) 20:28, 10 August 2008 (UTC)

The recent news reminded me of the game. Same year in the story line, 2008, Russia invades Georgia. --Josephdurnal (talk) 04:16, 11 August 2008 (UTC)+

Same month, even.

This says otherwise. They say Red Storm Entertainment told them it was set in April and not August. So which is right? I didn't see a month when i turned on the game earlier. Venim (talk) 20:42, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

As coincidental as it is that the storyline from years ago foreshadows current events, that doesn't mean the story can be changed to match what is happening in the world. The game references only "rebels" and not "South Ossetian rebels". Unless someone has a reference to a legitimate source for that claim, it needs to be removed. --199.120.124.214 (talk) 06:16, 12 August 2008 (UTC)

But, ironically, the first three levels of the game are South Ossetia... Spartan198 (talk) 19:28, 12 August 2008 (UTC) Spartan198

In the very first level you are to attack a mountainous area in South Ossetia and the game even refers to the rebels as Ossetians. From the game, "The Ossetians have been skirmishing with the Georgian army for years, but lately the attacks have escalated to the verge of all-out war." Venim (talk) 05:01, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

And what about the anti-ballistic shield that US wanna do? remainds me EndWar....... well at last it seems that US isnt going to battle russia, good. But that coincidence is freak. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.140.43.196 (talk) 19:58, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

 * "In a 2006 interview with the New York Times, Clancy suggested that the plot for the original Ghost Recon was inspired by a 'letter' he had received from a CIA 'official.'" REALLY CIA!--Aeec (talk) 20:35, 26 August 2008 (UTC)

Please stop putting in edits that GR1's story is related to the recent conflict. Trying to insist on it is OR. --Eaglestorm (talk) 19:26, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

This should be added, as it's comparable to the many media that had events similar to 9/11 that were pulled due to that tragedy. How to include it is the question. Westrim (talk) 08:17, 15 October 2008 (UTC)

Wasn't the plot of "EndWar" conceived after the US' announced the ballistic missile shield? Spartan198 (talk) 00:10, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

 * IMHO you could just mention that it is noteworthy that current events caught up with elements of the storyline with a link to the page for the Georgian-Russian conflict.

 * Done. I inserted two independent references that discuss the plot coincidence, it was noted by reliable commentators at the time(2008) and therefore meets wikipedia guidelines for inclusion. 86.41.157.14 (talk) 23:27, 22 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Sorry kid, but its out. Even if it has a reference, bring your theories elsewhere. --Eaglestorm (talk) 14:52, 23 October 2013 (UTC)

 * Sorry baby, but its back in. Seen as you have presented absolutely no legitimate reason to remove this material. So you can take your personal opinion elsewhere. It's merely a coincidence, like the Futility, or the Wreck of the Titan, deal with it, its notable, and if you actually thought about it rationally, if these kind of coincidences didn't occur, THAT would be really weird.
 * 86.41.157.14 (talk) 02:41, 24 October 2013 (UTC)

Infobox
In the Infobox, the "Platform(s)" field includes "PC". I think that the "Platform(s)" field should specify a value or values from the " Supported platforms" section of the Vgclegend template. For example, if Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon (video game) only runs on MS-DOS, then Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon (video game)'s Infobox should specify "DOS" in the "Platform(s)" field. ProResearcher (talk) 08:37, 17 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. I've changed "PC" to "Microsoft Windows".  SCΛRE  CROW  08:44, 17 July 2011 (UTC)

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Source

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text:
Brevard Music Center

Brevard Music Center is a classical music venue and festival held annually located in Brevard, North Carolina. It has been the home to their international summer institute and festival that enrolls about four hundred students, age fourteen and older, who participate in orchestra and other large ensembles, an opera program, play chamber music, study composition, and take private lessons. A faculty of sixty is drawn from orchestras, conservatories, and universities. The season runs from the last week of June through the first week of August. Other than classical music, Brevard Music Center hosts contemporary music, bluegrass and popular artists, concerts, and frequent appearances by Keith Lockhart, Ken Lam, and a variety of soloists. With an annual budget of more than three million dollars, the Center contributes substantially to the economy of western North Carolina.

History
The Brevard Music Center began life in 1936 as a summer music camp for boys at Davidson College. The founder, Davidson faculty member James Christian Pfohl, led the program for seven years at Davidson and one season at Queens College in Charlotte, North Carolina. In 1944 Pfohl moved the program to its present location in Brevard, North Carolina, and he instituted a festival of concerts in 1945. The name "Brevard Music Center" was adopted in 1955. Pfohl remained artistic director until 1964, when he was succeeded by Henry Janiec of Converse College, for whom the opera program is named. Janiec was succeeded in 1997 by conductor David Effron. Keith Lockhart became the Artistic Director in October 2007.

Brevard Music Center has 6 ensembles: Brevard Music Center Orchestra, Sinfonia, Concert Orchestra, Festival Orchestra, Symphonic Winds, and New Music Ensemble.

Facilities and Venues
Brevard Music Center currently contains four performance venues on the campus. The largest one is the Whittington-Pfohl Auditorium, an outdoor hall with 1,800 seats, hosts more than eighty public concerts. Other than Whittington-Pfohl Auditorium, Brevard Music Center contains Thomas Hall and Straus Auditorium used to hold large ensemble rehearsals, studio classes, and chamber performances by students. Brevard Music Center also performs at Scott Concert Hall Porter Center at Brevard College for theater and opera productions. Parker Concert Hall, containing 400 seats, opened its first season in 2022 where Brevard Music Center Chambers concerts held by BMC faculty are performed. The Music Center, as it is known colloquially, also partners with the Transylvania County Library for a number of free public events.

Brevard Music Center Summer Institute
Brevard Music Centers hosts an international summer festival enrolling about four hundred students fourteen years older and above with a faculty that consists of professional musicians that come from across the country. The Brevard Music Center offers instruction in orchestral instruments, piano, composition, voice, jazz, and opera. Brevard Music Center contains two divisions of college and high school where both divisions orchestral students perform in many of the festival's ensembles. Both divisions also perform and rehearse chamber ensembles for both string and winds. Two-thirds of the student body is college age or older, and all students and faculty live on the wooded campus of 180 acre.

Alumni
Famous alumni include countertenor David Daniels, Boston Pops conductor Keith Lockhart, violist Roberto Diaz, president of the Curtis Institute of Music, and Gianna Rolandi, internationally known coloratura soprano, who became Director of the Ryan Opera Center at Lyric Opera of Chicago after retiring from the stage.

title: Brevard Music Center


text:
Talk:Adjourned in contemplation of dismissal

Other State Laws
Does anyone know whether an ACD only exists in New York state, because I can't seem to find information about it in other states. -- MacAddct1984 15:20, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * More to the point, is is confined to the USA? Wikipedia is an international encyclopedia, so the country needs to be specified! Loganberry (Talk) 15:32, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge this. Bearian 21:33, 14 June 2007 (UTC)
 * As far as I am aware, it is a system employed by the United States legal system. Anthøny  23:14, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

A-Class?
Is this article really A-class? It even has a stub template! Seems to me like it should be downgraded until improved. PubliusFL (talk) 16:13, 8 April 2008 (UTC)
 * It is now B. Feel free to downgrade further. I believe it was a preliminary estimation of rank. AGK 16:17, 8 April 2008 (UTC)