text:
Thái Nguyên

Thái Nguyên is a city in Vietnam. It is the capital and largest city of Thái Nguyên Province. The city is listed as a first class city and is the ninth largest city in Vietnam. It has long been famous throughout Vietnam for its Tân Cương tea, among the most recognized Vietnamese tea regions. In 1959, it become the site of Vietnam's first steel mill, and is now home to a large and growing major regional university complex.

History
The city played an important role in Vietnam's struggles for independence during the French colonial era.

The Thái Nguyên uprising in 1917 was the "largest and most destructive" anti-colonial rebellion in French Indochina between the Pacification of Tonkin in the 1880s and the Nghe-Tinh Revolt of 1930–31. In August 1917, Vietnamese prison guards mutinied at the Thai Nguyen Penitentiary, the largest one in the region. With the aid of the freed inmates – common criminals as well as political prisoners – and weapons captured from the provincial arsenal, the rebels were able to take control of local government offices. They then established a fortified perimeter, executed French colonial officials and local collaborators, and called for a general uprising. Although they were only able to hold the city for five days, French forces were not able to pacify the surrounding countryside until six months later, leaving heavy casualties on both sides.

During the First Indochina War, the province played an important role as a safe area (abbreviated ATK in Vietnamese for An Toan Khu, 安全区) for the Viet Minh. In 1956 the town became the headquarters of the northernmost military region, called Viet Bắc, until reunification in 1975.

Originally a small township including four residential quarters, two towns, and six communes with a combined population of approximately 140,000, Thái Nguyên became a city on 19 October 1962. Before that date, the area was a part of Đồng Mô commune, Đồng Hỷ district.

Administrative divisions
Thái Nguyên City includes 21 wards and 11 communes.

Wards
• Trưng Vương

• Thịnh Đán

• Tân Long

• Quan Triều

• Quang Vinh

• Quang Trung

• Hoàng Văn Thụ

• Đồng Quang

• Phan Đình Phùng

• Túc Duyên

• Tân Thịnh

• Gia Sàng

• Tân Lập

• Phú Xá

• Cam Giá

• Trung Thành

• Hương Sơn

• Tân Thành

• Tích Lương

• Chùa Hang

• Đồng Bẩm

Communes
• Tân Cương

• Phúc Trìu

• Phúc Xuân

• Thịnh Đức

• Phúc Hà

• Cao Ngạn

• Đồng Bẩm

• Quyết Thắng

• Đồng Liên

• Huống Thượng

• Linh Sơn

Geography
Thái Nguyên City is located on the Cầu River. Its area is approximately 189.705 km2 and the population was 420,000 in 2018.

Commerce and industry
Thái Nguyên City has long been famous throughout Vietnam for the quality of its green tea, with Tân Cương Commune producing the most widely recognized brand. Since 2007 it has shipped an average of about 22,000 tonnes of tea domestically and 7,500 tonnes overseas, to Algeria, France, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Pakistan, and Taiwan. In an effort to boost exports, the city hosted its First International Tea Festival in November 2011. The effort seems to have paid off. During the first five months of 2012, it exported 49,000 tonnes, an increase of over 15% from the prior year, with Pakistan its biggest customer.

In 1959, the city also became the center of a nascent metallurgical industry, with the creation of Thái Nguyên Iron and Steel Company (TISCO), thanks to its ample local resources of iron ore and coal. The new mill produced its first cast iron in November 1963. In 2009, it was converted from a wholly government-owned enterprise to a partially privatized joint-stock company. By 2011, its output reached 230,000 tonnes of pig iron and 400,000 tonnes of steel ingots. Although its primary production mills are located just south of Thai Nguyen City, it now has 17 branches and 6,000 employees, with another 8 partially owned subsidiaries in 9 northern provinces. It has won many national awards and now exports steel to Cambodia, Canada, Indonesia, Laos, and other countries overseas. Masan Group also operates a tungsten mine in Dai Tu District.

Samsung Electronics has their largest mobile phone factory in Thai Nguyen, employing over 60,000 people. The factory has operated since 2014 and has an area of 100 ha.

Thai Nguyen’s export experienced a ten-fold increase to over US$23 billion in the 2013 – 2017 period. The province hosted nearly 7,200 businesses in 2020 with a combined capital value approaching US$5.4 billion.

As per Thai Nguyen’s Department of Industry and Trade, for the first three quarters of 2020, the province’s total industrial gross output exceeded US$27 billion, while the domestic economic sector achieved US$1.8 billion. Both of these were over 70 percent of the province’s annual target. In the same period, foreign-invested enterprises generated close to US$23 billion, an increase of 2.3 percent over the previous year.

Among the province’s industries, the electronics and high-tech domains delivered the best results. Their production increased by over 16 percent year-on-year for laptops, while earphone manufacturing grew by five percent.

The socioeconomics of Thai Nguyen has seen remarkable development. In the first three quarters of 2020, industry and construction covered nearly 60 percent of the province’s economy while the services sector accounted for roughly one-third of the economy. In the same period, the province’s GDP per capita reached US$4,260, while industrial production rose by over 16 percent, and local exports grew by over 13 percent.

Thai Nguyen has also experienced significant development in infrastructure and labor productivity. Recently, the province experienced an influx of sustainable ventures. In 2020, over ten investment certificates were granted to eco-friendly and energy-efficient ventures, with a combined worth of over US$30 million.

Over the past decade, Thai Nguyen attracted a considerable amount of foreign direct investment. Samsung’s establishment of a mobile phone manufacturing complex in the province has dramatically boosted Thai Nguyen’s FDI. The province achieved over 13 percent compound annual growth rate (CAGR) during the 2015–2020 period.

As per the Foreign Investment Agency (FIA), in August 2020, the province hosted over 172 foreign-invested projects. Together these enterprises added over US$8 billion in registered capital. This made Thai Nguyen among the country’s top 10 localities in terms of international investment inflow.

In a bid to attract investors with industrial expertise, the province is concentrating on improving the local investment climate. Thai Nguyen has prioritized timely issuance of government policies, guidance, and support for financiers. Local authorities have also shown a keen interest in high technology industries and ancillaries.

In December 2020, Hong Kong’s electronic firm, DBG Technology, was awarded an investment certificate by provincial authorities to set up a US$80 million manufacturing facility. This facility will manufacture laptops, cameras, phones, audio equipment, and home appliances. It is expected to generate a revenue of US$110 million annually, employing over 10,000 workers.

In the same month, China’s Trina Solar received Thai Nguyen’s approval to produce photovoltaic cells and solar power. With investment exceeding US$200 million, this facility has a planned capacity of over 250 million products a year. The plant is expected to begin operations from June 2021 and add over 1,800 jobs.

In November 2020, South Korean touchscreen manufacturer Samju Vina, injected capital to add a second plant in Thai Nguyen. This funding should raise its regional production per month from 20 million to 35 million units.

For enhancing its overall competitiveness, Thai Nguyen is actively encouraging the private and high-tech sectors to develop production clusters and connect value chains.

Industrial zones

Thai Nguyen’s six industrial parks are spread over 1400 hectares of land area, five of which have already received funding. The province is promoting infrastructure investment in its 105-hectare Quyet Thang Hi-Tech Industrial Park that is situated eight kilometers away from Thai Nguyen city center.

The province’s plans include 35 industrial clusters with an area of nearly 1,260 hectares. The province has called for investment in 11 of these clusters, which have a planned area of over 280 hectares. The province aims to attract investment in secondary industries that complement the Samsung group and increase its localization degree.

Specifically, industries in electronics, electric, software, high precision mechanical, and textile are favored. The investment locations promoted by Thai Nguyen include the industrial zones in Yen Binh, Diem Thuy, and Song Cong. These, along with the province-wide industrial clusters, are equipped with appropriate technical infrastructure to establish enterprises.

To raise funds, Thai Nguyen provincial authorities encouraged investors to lease land for 50 years for a one lump sum payment. Consequently, these efforts led to the collection of US$65 million to develop industrial parks.

The Diem Thuy Industrial Park is one such example and features 77 projects with combined investment exceeding US$1.1 billion. This park’s projects are modern, eco-friendly, and employ over 20,000 locals.

Universities
Thái Nguyên University (TNU) is one of the major regional university systems in Vietnam, serving the entire northern mountain region with more campuses than any city except Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. In 1994, these many centers of learning were united under one general administration. Its components include seven Colleges (Education, Engineering and Technology, Agriculture and Forestry, Economics and Techniques, Economics and Business Administration, Medicine and Pharmacy, Communication and Technology), a School of Foreign Languages, and an International School. Other components are a teaching hospital, a publishing house, three research institutes, and a center for national defense education, a center for international cooperation, a center for human resource development for foreign language studies, and the office of the president. TNU is also home to one of four national Learning Resource Centers, the others being in Hanoi, Huế, Ho Chi Minh City, and Can Tho. TNU offers undergraduate, postgraduate, and vocational education, as well as research and extension services.

Attractions

 * Museum of cultures

Museum of Cultures of Vietnam's Ethnic Groups is located in Thai Nguyen City. It is the largest museum of Vietnam's ethnic minorities, spread over an area of 39,000 m2 in Vietnam and was established in 1960. It is housed in a pink-coloured building where an assortment of impressive exhibits of more than 10,000 documents and artefacts, which belong to the cultural heritage of 54 ethnic tribes of Vietnam, can be seen. It is surrounded by extensive gardens where locals often exercise in the early mornings and evenings. On hot nights, you can enjoy a beer and boiled peanuts with the locals in the beer garden at the back of the museum garden.

 * Dai Phun Nuoc

This is the central fountain which families and young people gravitate to on warm summer evenings. It has many coloured lights, and you can have your photo taken by a professional photographer, Mr Cuong, on busy nights.

 * Heroes Monument

Near the central fountain is the Heroes Monument, set on a small hillside. You can walk up the many steps to the top and enjoy views over the city.

 * Coffee Street

Just off the main street, adjacent to Dong A 1 Hotel, is Coffee Street. There are over 20 cafes in this short street, where you can sample Vietnamese coffee at its best.

title: Thái Nguyên


text:
Portal:Astronomy/Picture/26 August 2005

Numerous faint and distant galaxies are visible in these extracts from the Hubble Deep Field, which is one of the deepest images ever taken of the distant universe and was a landmark in observational cosmology when it was created in 1995.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Portal:Astronomy/Picture/26 August 2005


text:
User talk:Cha0sth30ry

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
 * Ask questions at the Village pump or Help desk.
 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary
 * Add the correct image copyright tag to any images you upload
 * Create a User page
 * Be bold
 * Ignore all rules

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 11:29, 26 August 2005 (UTC).

Hummingbird
Please do not add inappropriate external links to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a mere directory of links nor should it be used for advertising or promotion. Inappropriate links include (but are not limited to) links to personal web sites, links to web sites with which you are affiliated, and links that exist to attract visitors to a web site or promote a product. See the external links guideline and spam policies for further explanations of links that are considered appropriate. If you feel the link should be added to the article, then please discuss it on the article's talk page rather than re-adding it. See the welcome page to learn more about Wikipedia. Thank you. --Curtis Clark 05:11, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cha0sth30ry


text:
Félix Díaz (baseball)

Félix Antonio Díaz (born July 27, 1980) is a former pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Chicago White Sox in the season. Díaz bats and throws right-handed.

Career
In one major league season, Díaz posted a 2–5 record with 33 strikeouts and a 6.75 ERA in 18 games pitched (seven as a starter). Díaz also played in Japan with the Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters of the Pacific League in 2006, but he was dismissed after a dismal start.

In November 2006, Díaz signed with the Washington Nationals a minor league deal. In late July 2007, he was released and a few days later signed a minor league contract with the Boston Red Sox. He signed with the Kia Tigers in 2008. In 2010, Diaz played for the Tecolotes de Nuevo Laredo of the Mexican League.

title: Félix Díaz (baseball)


text:
Talk:Persecution of Heathens

Unnecessarily Offensive and Vague?
I'm not any form of pagan myself (agnostic, thanks), but, upon seeing the title of this page, it struck me as mildly insensitive. "Heathen" has traditionally been used as an outgroup slur by Christians to denote those who are perceived as "non-Christian", comparable to the Muslim use of the term "infidel". Moreover, it's also a fairly vaguely-defined term: Are "heathens" simply polytheists (this would include Hinduism, then, which already has its own persecution page)? Are "heathens" specifically pagan polytheists adhering to a reconstructed European pantheon and spirituality (this would exclude historical use of the term)? Are "heathens" simply non-monotheists (you could make arguments for ancient Judaism as a henotheistic faith, Zoroastrianism as a dualistic faith, and there's the ever-present Roman Catholic Trinity Issue)? Are "heathens" followers of a non-Levantine religion, spirituality, or philosophy (everyone except for Christians, Jews, and Muslims, and then there are issues of non-normative Dharmic religious sects that have incorporated certain elements of the Abrahamic religions into their own practices and beliefs)? What about non-normative elements of Abrahamic religions, like the early Christian Gnostic sects that were heavily persecuted by nascent Pauline Christianity—do they count as "heathens"? You can begin to see the problems with the word. Now, maybe enlightened pagans out there have set about reclaiming the term, but there are still issues with the application of the word "heathen". Can't we find a better title for the page? Or possibly create multiple articles for more specific application in pertinence to modern Neopagan religions and sects, differentiating from the older "heathen" faiths? SumeragiNoOnmyouji (talk) 01:39, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

Move/deletes
Why was the page moved (renamed) and much information deleted without prior discussion? // Liftarn

well, I was being bold. What are your objections? dab (ᛏ) 14:25, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Asatruers is a malformed term. An English coinage would maybe be Ostrusters, or the hybrid Aesirtrusters, but these likewise smack of neologism. The best way to go is "Asatru adherents".
 * Asatru is not correctly applied to pre-19th century Germanic paganism, so the "persecution" of medieval Saxons by Charlemagne is quite offtopic here
 * the stab at the Anti-Defamation League is really silly, and has nothing to do with "persecution". Apparently they even complied with a disclaimer after people wrote them a letter
 * listing Nazi persecution of Lanz von Liebenfels as "persecution of Heathens" is border line. Under "persecution of Asatruers" it is ridiculous: Liebenfels was an occult Anti-Semitist, pure and simple, neither was he in the tradition of Germanic paganism, nor does he have a direct connection with 1972 Asatru. There are indirect connections with Odinism, of course, and organizations like the Artgemeinschaft do have their roots both in Nazi mysticism and Germanic paganism, but to cite Liebenfels as an example of "Nazi persecution of Asatruers" is either very naive, or a deliberate attempt at misrepresentation.

 * The first recorded use of the term "asatru" is from 1885., "Asatru adherents" or "Germanic paganism" would work too, but I think they are too clumsy. The most correct would be "Forn Sed" since that was actually used during the christianization of Northern Europe, but since it's the same religion why not use the same term for it? What the ADL did was indeed a form of persecution even if it probably was done more due to ignorance than malice, but it was only after en intensive campaign they added the disclaimer. Yes, the occult persons should probably be removed. A bit much cut-and-paste on my side there. I have edited this. // Liftarn

well, Danish Asetro dates to 1870, as explained on Asatru. It was a term of romantic nationalism, used in an opera about Vikings and such. Afaik, it was only translated into Old Norse / Icelandic in the 1960s by the Icelandic movement. Use of Asatru as synonymous with Germanic paganism and Germanic Neopaganism is very widespread in the US by now, but it is neither uncontroversial nor unambiguous, since historical Germanic paganism and Germanic Neopaganism are far from identical. The only unambiguous term summarizing *all* Germanic Neopagans, including those who say "we are not Asatru" (Northvegr) is the boring unspectacular and unromantic Germanic Neopaganism. I maintain that it is horribly anachronistic to refer to 8th century Saxons as "Asatruers". dab (ᛏ) 16:38, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * As far as it's possible to tell historical Germanic paganism and Germanic Neopaganism are identical. That's the point of a reconstructionalist religion. The GGG are somewhat non-mainstream in that that they mix in some occult practices. The term "Germanic Neopaganism" is also far from uncontroversial. The "neo" (since it's a reconstruction and not new) and "pagan" (since the term "heathen" is prefered). Even the "Germanic" part can be questioned (since it's often only the northern European beleifs thar are reconstructed). // Liftarn
 * Paganism and Neopaganism are far from synonymous! *Neo*paganism is a subset of paganism; you might as well claim that, say "English" and "Ebonics" are synonymous :) The difference between historical Germanic paganism, and reconstructionist Germanic Neopaganism is precisely that the former was not reconstructionist. Needless to say, "Germanic Neopaganism" is also an umbrella term; subsets of that get their own articles, like Odinism, Ring of Troth etc. "Norse Neopaganism", "Anglo-Saxon Neopaganism" would be other subsets to discuss in detail, either here, or, if we do it in really great detail, in specialized articles. That said, I don't propose to move this article to Persecution of Germanic Neopagans. For one thing, the "contemporary" section here is really spurious. It more or less amounts to "some people called us Neonazis; oh, and the FBI said runes were used as secret codes in prisons. Perrsecushiun!!". I would rather propose to move this article to Persecution of Neopagans in general, to include Wicca and what not, because the persecutioners (if any) of Neopagans will hardly make the finer distinction between the individual factions, and anybody who persecutes Germanic Neopagans will be likely to also persecute Celtic Neopagans :) dab (ᛏ) 17:03, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm aware that Paganism and Neopaganism are far from synonymous, but what I'm saying is that reconstructionalist religions aim at being so close to the historic version as possible. Thus they are (as far as can be told) identical. There may be diffrences because not everything is known, but that's impossible to tell (even if it's very likley). The Saxon heathenism is indeed a bit of an oddity. I can drop that if that's your problem. I would not reccomend lumping together Asatru with Wicca and there already is articles based on persecutioners. As for the contemporary part, calling the members of an entire religion for nazis is indeed a form of persecution, especially if it's done by an organisation trusted by many (like FBI and ADL, the ADL case is especially ironic since they aim to "put an end forever to unjust and unfair discrimination against and ridicule of any sect or body of citizens"). The issue about runes weren't so much about what they said (even if that is serious, or to use the words of ADL "To make such a comparison is an act of blatant hostility"), but what they did. They banned all litterature about one specific religion. If that isn't persecution what is? // Liftarn
 * fine, it's persecution, let's keep it here. As far as I can tell, the serious "reconstructionists" are a small minority even inside Asatru, and there is a lot of syncretisms and romanticisms (such as people using the Armanen Runes for divination). Not as ludicrously syncretist as Wicca, to be sure, but still quite motley. Also there is no central authority. There is simply no society depending on a priestly caste, or royal houses believed to be of divine descent etc.; this makes for post-Christian "Neopaganism". Imho, contemporary rural Christianity in remote areas of Europe is closer to historical paganism than urban Neopaganism with all its esoteric, romantic and mystic influence. I do not object to grouping Neopaganism under "true" Paganism, but its relation to historical Viking Age Paganism is rather remote (in spite of reconstructionism; historical reenactment is also about reconstruction, and nobody would mistake a renaissance fair for a medieval township) -- say about as far as 4th century Christianity is from 16th century Protestantism. dab (ᛏ) 10:06, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Wow, I didn't even know people used Armanen runes nowdays. As far as I can tell the reconstructionists are by far the majority. There are even jokes about that Asatruers would change their beleifs is new archeological evidence would be found. As for no central authority et.c. Why does that matter for this article? There are ofcourse Asatruers who are interested in living history and experimental archaeology and some see it as related, others are less interested in recreating it exactly and instead try to find something that works today, but as you note all religions change over time. // Liftarn

 * it matters in resulting in a sharp distinction from historical paganism, in that in Neopaganism, any appoach is "equally valid", from "hard" polytheism bordering on schizophrenia, to a leisurely hobby related to historical reenactment or live roleplaying, to urban postmodern or New Age mysticism, to fanatical white power or Neo-Nazism of "blood and honour", and even to confused occult black metal practitioners who self-describe as pagans. This may all qualify as "Germanic paganism", but worlds separate it all from the illiterate rural population of medieval Scandinavia  steeped in superstition who would probably have had a laughing fit if somebody tried to explain the concept of "historical reconstruction" to them. This is not to value either sphere over the other, I am just noting that the chasm between Germanic paganism and Germanic Neopaganism, and that there are two separate articles for a good reason. A look at Else Christensen and Germanische Glaubens-Gemeinschaft will show that even the contemporary societies stemming from the 1970s "second revival" are direct descendants of  List-style early 20th century occultism / racialism influenced Neopaganism. I know that some contemporary societies do serious work and confront this heritage, but this is a minority. The majority of Neopagan societies glosses over these disparate origins, much like Hinduism implying that they "paganism" is eternally unchanging and without history, thereby allowing these "unhistorical", partly innocently syncretistic, partly less-than innocently suprematistic, currents to persist. dab (ᛏ) 12:10, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * And this matters in the context of this article? While it's an interesting subject to debate, it's not why I'm here. // Liftarn
 * well (sigh) you challenged my edits, so I'm explaining why I think this article should be moved to Persecution of Neopagans and focus on modern times, or be moved to something like Historical persecution of Heathens (paralleling Historical persecution by Jews which has similar problems to present much substance, btw), and focus more on Charlemagne's exploits. "Persecution of Asatruers" is simply not a title I consider acceptable, per my reasons given above. dab (ᛏ) 14:29, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I would disagree since there already is a series of articles based on persecutors. I also don't see the point of splitting the article depending on iteration or time period, possible if it grew larger, but currently I don't think the article is large enough to motivate a split. I find the title "Persecution of Neopagans" unacceptable since that would lumping together religions that have very little in common (not to mention that many find the "neopagan" label offensive). // Liftarn
 * My whole point is that the affinity of Wicca and Asatru, as summarized in Neopaganism is far greater than the affinity of 8th century Saxon pagans and 21st century New York "Asatruers". If you think "Neopagan" summarizes disparate concepts, we must separate the persecution-by-the-FBI from the persecution-by-Charlemagne. Sorry, but I insist that neither the GGG nor the Saxons were "Asatruers" by any stretch of terminology. dab (ᛏ) 15:15, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Please don't vandalise the article just to prove a point. WP:POINT The inclusion of Ango-Saxon heatenry is a bit of a stretch, but it could fir under the label "asatru". // Liftarn
 * first of all, most of what I've "vandalized" was written by myself. Second, I sugested a move to Persecution of Heathens before. "Heathen" is a well-accepted synonym for both historical and reconstructed Germanic paganism. Your insistence of grouping of historically disparate events in a single storyline is arbitrary, as you agree yourself. To save ourselves further disputes, let's call that move a compromise. You get to list your idiosyncratic collection of events under a single title, I get to be rid of the (to me) jarring and inaccurate "Asatruers". This will include adaptation of the "persecution" template. Your alternative is a full-blown Dispute resolution. Do we have a deal? I am sorry, but I am slightly allergic to this "we were persecuted too, you know" street-cred. All that's missing is a bodycount here: Charlemagne: ca. 400. The Nazis!!: 1 (possibly 2). The FBI: None, but they steal our mail :P dab (ᛏ) 16:16, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * And I rejected the suggestion to move. "Heathen" is just a redirect to "Paganism" so it's not specific enough. "Asatru" may be a bit too specific (as you've noted that may leave out the Anglo-Saxon heathens, but as shown that may not necessary be the case. "Germanic paganism" is also a bit unspecific since that would also include for instance Romuva and Dievturība. "Norse heathenism" would work, but that would leave out the Anglo-Saxons (which may be a good thing). But then there is the word "Norse" that you probably would consider anachronistic anyway. Unless you can come up with an acceptable compromise I would welcome a Dispute resolution. // Liftarn
 * Liftarn, I believe that you are wrong here. Germanic paganism excludes Romuva and Dievturība, but includes Anglo-Saxons.--Wiglaf 20:21, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I know it excludes them, but it's not clear why it does. Oh, well. No problem. // Liftarn

 * The reason is the easiest way of all to group cultures and autochtonous religions - language. The Germanic tribes could all understand each other pretty well and exchanged traditions, gods and myths more easily with each other than they did with Finns, Balts and Slavs.--Wiglaf 11:08, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Grouping by persecuting group?
here is another point: if you look at Persecution of Ancient Greek religion, the persecutors usually don't care too much which pagan denomination exactly they are persecuting; so most persecution experienced by one denomination will be exactly identical to that experienced by the next (Westboro Baptist Church (Topeka)). After all, we don't disambiguate Persecution of Roman Catholics by Protestants, Persecution of Arian Christians by Catholics, Persecution of Celtic Christian missionaries by Germanic chieftains, Persecution of Mormons by Unitarians etcetera, if you get my point. dab (ᛏ) 17:33, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, we do make a difference between Persecution of Christians, Persecution of Jews and Persecution of Muslims when we could just lump them together and call it "Persecution of Abrahamists". And we already have a series of articles based on persecutors (in the case of Westboro Baptist Church (Topeka) that would be Historical persecution by Christians). Your logic is flawed since you don't make a difference between religion (Hunduism, Shinto, Islam...) and a domination within a religion (Protestants, Catholics...). // Liftarn

 * see the explanation of terminology on Germanic Neopaganism. "heathen" is simply a translation of "pagan", and yet it is used in the restricted "Germanic" sense. My logic isn't flawed at all; if you take a minute to look at Hunduism, you will note that it is an umbrella term, not a single religion. There is no meaningful way to clearly separate "religion" and "denomination". I am putting this on RfC then. In the meantime, I ask you to provide reference that "Asatruers" is the correct term to refer to what this article describes, or even a term of any notability outside Neopagan blogs at all. The move was an attempt at a compromise. I argue that it is flawed anyway. Most of the material here is repeated almost verbatim on either Germanic Neopaganism or Germanic paganism. The only stuff original to this article is Persecution of Neopagans in the USA, which could as well be moved to Human rights in the USA. There doesn't have to be a separate persecution article about every faction imaginable, especially if there is hardly any material. The FBI/prison cases can easily be incorporated in the main article on Germanic Neopaganism. dab (ᛏ) 09:37, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I understand Liftarn's point. In Scandinavia, there is a strong feeling of continuity. The gods were never forgotten, not even by commoners. When the old folks finished talking about Odin and Thor, the young generation was already reading about the gods in school. The Norse gods may look exotic to non-Scandinavians, but to Scandinavians they are part and parcel of the culture. Both traditions and attitudes survived from the old beliefs into the modern Scandinavian mind, and to modern adherents to Forn Sed. AFAIK, asatruar (asatroende) find it offensive to be bundled together with neopagans because of this continuity and because of the access to relatively reliable information.

 * However, Dab is right. Modern Asatruar are quite varied ideologically and include a wide range of different people and ideologies (from Nazis to environmentalists, and from the right to the left). The most NPOV way of treating this problem is to have separate articles for the old heathens and the new ones.--Wiglaf 18:24, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

I recognize your point about Scandinavia (see ). However, from that view, it should be argued that we should do an article all about Christianization of Scandinavia, and Scandinavians should argue that 'Asatru' should not be applied to all these universalist/syncretist/white-power/esoteric movements who all self-describe as Asatruar. We have to decide, either we include anyone who self-describes as Asatru, and end up with a clearly Neopagan hodge-podge. Or we strictly confine the term to Scandinavian folklore and extremely narrow reconstrutivist societies, facing the wrath of all would-be Asatruar. At the moment, this article also treats Saxons (West Germanic) and Texan 'Asatruers'. Odinism (sic, not 'Wodenism') includes Anglo-Saxon religion. This cannot be anything else than reconstruction, since AS England was entirely Christianized by the 7th century. I am not familiar with 'mainland' Scandinavian Asetro. From what I've been able to find out, there is quite a gap between the 1972 Asatruarfelagidh in Iceland, and similar Asetro movements in Sweden/Norway/Denmark (1990s). It may really be inappropriate to identify folklore-based Sveinbjörn Beinteinsson as Neopagan together with intellectual/folkish Else Christensen. Neopagan is still defined as post-Christian, and even in Iceland, the Asatruarfelagidh soon enough took on esoteric and occult tones, at times with only Sveinbjörn's coolness keeping members from forming all sorts of factions. US/UK/German Neopaganism is not a revival of rural customs. Romantic and occult influence is very obvious. I daresay that even in Scandinavia, Asatru is an urban phenomenon (or am I mistaken?). In any case, I would like to separate two issues: dab (ᛏ) 12:01, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * "Asatruers" vs. "Heathens" in the title: I insist that under the "Asatruer" title, this article should not treat pre-1972 events.
 * Under the title "persecution of Heathens", I see no reason not to merge this with the Ancient Greek "persecution" article, since the topic treated is identical. I can live with a "persecution of Heathens" article spanning Christianization and modern stuff, especially since "persecution of Neopagans" simply does not make for an independent article for lack of actual persecution.

 * I have no easy solution, Dab. The Asatruar I am acquainted with, consider their beliefs to be founded in both surviving folklore and Old Norse sources, and they are not specifically urban. In my experience, nature, folklore and beliefs are very important to them and virtually the same concept. I am only trying to explain from where Liftarn's opinions come from.--Wiglaf 12:15, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * nor am I trying to ignore that opinion. I am suggesting, at the moment, that this article remains at "Persecution of Heathens", or is moved to "Persecution of Pagans", and material on other flavours of heathenry is added. The alternative would be a separate article on "Christianization of the Germanic peoples" and a separate "Persecution of Neopagans". Nobody is disputing that Asatru Neopagans base their beliefs on surviving folklore and medieval sources. dab (ᛏ) 14:56, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Haukur's view
As far as I know Ásatrúarfélagið it has a more scholarly than occult focus. It's not strictly reconstructionist, though. I don't think they've ever performed animal sacrifices, for instance. As neo-heathen organizations go I suppose it's reasonably respectable. One of the members of the Alþingi is a member and no-one seems to have a problem with that.

As for the survival of pagan traditions through the Christian ages it is best not to say much. The heathen gods certainly remained known to the common people in Iceland throughout the ages. The heathen myths formed the basis of the system of kennings which never fell out of use. The heathen gods were called upon in spells and sometimes in poetry, though perhaps not very seriously. Sveinbjörn Beinteinsson was certainly a man deeply immersed in traditional culture and to some extent formed a link to the past. But the case for continuous survival of heathenry through the Christian ages is often and easily overstated.

But to the topic here. I'd personally prefer to treat persecution of Scandinavian heathens during the period of christianization in an article such as Christianization of Scandinavia. Persecution of neo-heathens, such as it is, is probably better treated in separate articles or as a part of general articles on the history of neo-heathenism. - Haukur Þorgeirsson 19:28, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I tend to agree with this. However, that would leave almost no significant material in this article. It pretty much boils down to "they don't like Christians, and Christians don't like them. They complained with the FBI (but they didn't win a case or anything). Some people confuse them with Neonazis (oh, and some Neopagans even are Neonazis, adding to the confusion). They were not allowed to receive Asatru publications in Texas prisons". Hello? How is any of this "persecution"? "Discrimination" seems like a better term here, and even this would mean stretching things. dab (ᛏ) 11:11, 13 November 2005 (UTC)
 * seriously, if no substance is brought forward, I will proceed by removing the statements tagged as unsourced, and split the material among Christianization and Neopaganism articles. dab (ᛏ) 12:34, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

 * My preference is for that action rather than keeping this article. But I will work with either outcome.
 * →  P . Mac Uidhir  (t)  (c)  17:07, 17 January 2006 (UTC)
 * ah, sorry, I had only seen your final minor edit, and thought the fact templates had been here for two months. You have certainly done a good job cleaning up so far, and we can let the fact templates in place before we undertake to merge the article elsewhere. cheers, dab (ᛏ) 19:14, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

Heathens is a proper noun and capitalized word?
Just wondering. PHF 20:04, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

 * In this contex it should be capitalized just as in Persecution of Christians. // Liftarn

 * I was wondering because, in the same context, Persecution of Atheists redirects to Persecution of atheists. Are we being inconsistent here? PHF 23:05, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, I think so. // Liftarn

 * I just changed the redirects on the Atheism article to conform to this standard. PHF 16:16, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

I disagree with the change to the Persecution of atheists article - "atheist" is not a proper noun, and should not be capitalised. Heathens shouldn't be either as far as I know, in which case any change should be to move this article to Persecution of heathens. "Christian" on the other hand is a proper noun - it's a name of a religion - which is why that article has it capitalised. Mdwh 23:48, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Maybe the name of the religion is Christianism, and adepts are christians? Maybe instead there should be capitalized Atheism, Heathenism, Christianism, etc then? I've never seen anyone refer to christians in capitalized form in the middle of a sentence. I was just looking for consistency, so far it seems better than before in that respect, but Im open to other changes if we can clear this up. PHF 01:17, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I've always seen Christian as a proper noun (as seen in the Christian article). But either way, atheist (and heathen) are not proper nouns. As for consistency, we should surely be consistent with the rest of Wikipedia, where words in article names are not capitalised, unless the word requires a capital letter. Mdwh 03:12, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

 * To be consistent all the way then it should be "Persecution of christians" and not "Persecution of Christians". You can't have different standards for different religions. // Liftarn

 * Atheism is not a religion(!), so there is no inconsistency. Having said that, I don't know about "heathen" - despite what I said above, it may well be a proper noun, if Heathenism is referring to a religion. I'll leave the issue of what this article should be called, but I'm reverting the change for Persecution of atheists for the reasons I give - this issue should be discussed at Talk:Persecution of atheists, not here, as the arguments for "heathen" do not necessarily apply to "atheist" (if the Heathenism is a religion, because atheism is not a religion). Mdwh 13:43, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

 * In the context of this article "Heathens" refer to what I would call "Asatruers" and Asatru is a religion. // Liftarn

 * The word heathen may refer to people with certain religions, but that doesn't make the word "heathen" itself a religion, anymore than "religious" or "theist" is a religion. That sort of equivocating doesn't work in language. And "Christian" is always capitalized in formal writing: the names of religions and political parties and so on are capitalized, whereas more general philosophies and beliefs (like atheism and liberalism) often aren't. -Silence 17:44, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

"Heaten" isn't a religion, but an adherent to a religion (at least in this context). Asatru is a religion, the adherents are Asatruers or Heathens. // Liftarn

Proposed page-move
Heathen redirects to Paganism, and we have no page for persecution of Pagans, and "heathen" is a much more pejorative and vague word than "Pagan", and can actually apply to any non-Abrahamic religion, not just to Germanic ones. So, a better title for this page would be persecution of Pagans or persecution of Germanic Pagans -Silence 17:44, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Originally it was called "Persecution of Asatruers" and "Heathens" was a bit of a compromise. See above. // Liftarn

 * It doesn't seem like enough of a compromise to me. We should pick the ideal title, not the one that's halfway between the ideal ("Pagans" or "Germanic Pagans", depending on the level of specificity required) and the revisionistic problem ("Asatru"). 10/10 is better than 5/10. Are there any objections to the page-move on article-related, rather than political or diplomatic, grounds? -Silence 03:10, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, now that we have a page for persecution of Germanic pagans, can we please, please move this page, or at least remove either "persecution of Heathens" or "persecution of Pagans" from the sidebar? "Persecution of Heathens," when applied to anyone but the Germanic revivalists who accept the name, is highly pejorative.  - AdelaMa e  (talk - contribs) 17:27, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, please do so. Pagan is a more common word for that type of religions. // Liftarn

 * "It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Persecution of Pagans."-- 201.50.123.251 22:43, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I think that is a bad idea since that would make the article be about a very mixed bunch of religions. // Liftarn

Page content
A lot of material that shouldn't be included on this page has appeared. For instance a section on Bwiti religion and one about New age travellers. They should be moved out as they are outside the scope of this article. // Liftarn

To-do list?
I note that the article is tagged for clean-up but it is not clear what needs to be done. Would it be appropriate to put a to-do list at the top instead? Then casual visitors to the page might be able to lend a hand. Itsmejudith 17:31, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

 * It should be written as suggested by Summary style. // Liftarn

Citation?
This article contains many 'statements of fact' but no citations or references. As such, most of the content could be removed by any passing editor.Abtract 20:02, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I think I took care of the last one just now. // Liftarn

Cleanup?
What should be cleaned up and how? // Liftarn

Split?
In a way this article is already splitted and serves as a disambig page for Persecution of Roman religion, Persecution of Ancient Greek religion and Persecution of Germanic paganism. However, it also acts as a holding place for persecution of some minor religions that so far don't have their own pages. // Liftarn
 * we can link to Bwiti (but the statement was unsourced anyway): not every subtopic needs its own page, this can easily be discussed in the article on the respective religions. dab (𒁳) 09:53, 27 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I am against splitting for the moment, mainly because there are articles on Persecution of Christians and other major religions and I don't see why there shouldn't be this article too. The fact that the circumstances were very different in different places and times will become evident as the article is expanded. Since after AfD the page is to remain, we should concentrate on improving and expanding the different sections. Appropriate references to sub-articles should be given at each point. We should return later to the question of whether this article has any coherence in itself.Itsmejudith 14:30, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Disambig
I think the article should be a disambig page. currently all of this material exists elsewhere at Wikipedia. Also, after looking at the AfD, this entry *barely* escaped deletion. The break down is 4 deletes, 2 keeps and 1 keep which cannot be tallied per WP:SPA. WeniWidiWiki 18:05, 27 January 2007 (UTC)
 * splitting an article doesn't amount to deletion. The Afd correctly noted that there is some material of value that may conceivable figure under this title, but as it happens, this material is only tenuously connected and better treated in separate articles. "persecution of pagans" amounts to "persecution of non-Christians". That's nonsensical as the scope for an article, we might as well do "persecution of non-French" or "economy of non-Brazil", "list of non-Presidents of the USA" or "non-football sports" articles. dab (𒁳) 19:13, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

So we are in agreement at least, and I think disambig /splitting the article is the correct thing to do. - WeniWidiWiki 19:20, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I disagree. There is a grouping of religions that are labelled as either "Heathen" or (more commonly) "Pagan". Examples of other labels are "abrahamic religions" and "eastern religions". // Liftarn
 * well, yes? there are "Abrahamic" and "Dharmic" religions, and then we have "Paganism", which is anything else (ethnic, non-Abrahamic, non-Dharmic). It would already be silly to have Persecution of Abrahamic religions, and Persecution of Paganism is even more silly. dab (𒁳) 09:53, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * That depends on your definition. One definition I've read (and used for the scope of this article) is based on the the old roman empire so you get central and northern Europe, ancient roman and greek religion and the old egyptian religion. Asian, the Americas and Africa south of Sahara is thus excluded from this definition. If you want I can add that defintion to the article to make it clearer. // Liftarn
 * this should be discussed on paganism; the term "paganism" is inherently from the Christian pov (and, by analogy, from an Islamic one). For example "persecution of Heathens" would be persecution of non-Abrahamic non-Christians by Christians, and "persecution of Kuffar" would be persecution of non-Abrahamic non-Muslims by Muslims. All I am saying that there is no reason to lump all this together just because such a wide term exists. I fail to see the slightest connection that would justify discussing a couple of New Age travellers beaten up by police in 1985 together with the lynching of Hypatia in 415. It's a classic case for a disambiguation page. dab (𒁳) 11:10, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with the new age stuff. It's stretching it a bit too far, but then some modern new age stuff like Wicca is often included under the Pagan umbrella. // Liftarn
 * of course; that's why the disambig page could feature a Persecution of Wiccans link (only that's a redirect to Wicca now, mostly because there isn't any actual persecution, no matter how much people would like that there had been so they could denounce it). dab (𒁳) 13:04, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

I fixed the redirect so it points to the relevant section. Wiccans do have a tendency to paint a bullseye on themselves, but there have been some notable issues. // Liftarn
 * yes, well, "persecution" usually isn't taken to include "mild dislike". You have a right to insist on rule of law, but you are not protected against people thinking you are soft in the head or generally being a jerk, so that I am reluctant to include "Christians have sneered at us" under "persecution". Anyway, that would be a debate about re-splitting Persecution of Wiccans, which would not concern this page. dab (𒁳) 13:56, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, if it's some branch of the government (for instance the police or army) or an non-govermental group that beats you up it's both forms of persecution. Also a rule of law requitres legal egalitarianism and not being granted that can be seen as a form of persecution. Anyway, as you pointed out it's irrelevant for this page. // Liftarn

title: Talk:Persecution of Heathens


text:
Talk:Bharathidasan Institute of Management

Latinus 20:34, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

Untitled
I have copyright to use the material given. the brochure.htm was also prepared by me — Preceding unsigned comment added by Msankaran (talk • contribs) 14:31, 26 August 2005
 * Copyright belongs to the institute even if you wrote this for them. --Muhandes (talk) 10:13, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Bharathidasan Institute of Management. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110807220738/http://top-b-schools.2iim.com/best_Indian_business_schools/top_management_institutes/top_india_MBA_PGDM_b_schools_2.shtml to http://top-b-schools.2iim.com/best_Indian_business_schools/top_management_institutes/top_india_MBA_PGDM_b_schools_2.shtml

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:32, 19 July 2017 (UTC)


text:
Airness

Airness is a footwear trademark founded in 1999 in Saint-Denis (France) by Malamine Koné. The logo includes the image of a black panther.

Sponsorships
Teams and athletes using Airness equipment are:

Previous club teams

 * 🇫🇷 SLUC Nancy

National teams

 * (since 2013)
 * 🇲🇱 Mali

Previous national teams

 * 🇧🇯 Benin (2008–2014)
 * DR Congo (2006–2009)
 * Congo (2006–2007)
 * 🇬🇦 Gabon (2010)

Previous club teams

 * 🇧🇪 KRC Genk
 * 🏴 Fulham
 * 🇫🇷 Auxerre
 * 🇫🇷 Lille
 * 🇫🇷 Nantes
 * 🇫🇷 Rennes
 * 🇫🇷 Le Havre

Rugby Union

 * 🇨🇦 Toronto Jazz

Previous tennis players

 * 🇷🇺 Nikolay Davydenko

title: Airness


text:
Talk:Hilltop Hoods

Current photo as of 2/2/2013
This photo doesn't actually show suffa. The only valid people to this page start at the third person to the right, who is DJ Debris. Behind-right of him is Pressure MC, and the guy to the right of Pressure is DJ Adfu, who is part of the Golden Era label, which was started by the hoods. Sorry guys, I'm not good at this wikipedia thing or I would fix it myself. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.168.58.115 (talk) 17:02, 2 February 2013 (UTC)

Lyrics Change
Changed the external link for "lyrics" of the group to a different website which has a better choice.

DJ Next
''DJ Debris was actually the Hilltop Hoods producer and their DJ was DJ Next. After 'Matter Of Time' was released DJ Next quit the group to go to Sydney. Upon him leaving DJ Debris "Stepped up as the DJ" and this is the trio that is seen today as one of Australia leading Hiphop groups.''

Kenyor

This was added by an anon at the end of the article - could someone more knowledgeable about the group edit the useful content into the article? -- Chuq 11:32, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * -Added the useful information into the History section. --Kizzatp 04:41, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

Nosebleed Section
finally got nosebleed section mentioned in the singles, and I also wrote an article for it. If anyone could make a section "see also" with similar Ozzie Hip Hop artists, then I'd be grateful for it. Cheers! Darkroom Danny 04:42, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

Cleanup tag
I've added the advertisement tag, because the current version reads like a fan endorsement or maybe an artist bio from a label website. The language is a little too informal and unencyclopedic. There are a couple of other problems, though:
 * It contains statements like "although unlike many other Australian Hip-Hop outfits, they rap with their natural accents", which needs a citation (which Aussie hip hop acts rap in American accents, anyway? Who says? I've never heard any, though I'm not well-versed in this genre).
 * The introduction is too long (see Guide to layout).
 * Things like "later this year" need to be changed to specifics like "in late 2006".
 * There are other general grammar problems most editors will pick up.

On a positive note, I'm happy there's an article about this band at all--Australian music gets too little attention in the rest of the world. Wikipedia is great. --Grace 11:32, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I have reformated the article, I'm unsure whether it conforms with Wikipedia standards and may need a bit more work. As for the rapping in their natural accents, they do, some other Aussie rappers change the sound of their voice, not necessarily to American, though. There is no citation, as it is common knowledge for their genre. I removed a lot of the colloquialisms and informalities, I'm not sure I got them all. The introduction should be suitable. The grammar was, for the most part, left untouched.

 * Introduction shortened
 * Some general dates changed to specifics
 * No grammatical errors were corrected
 * Colloquialisms and informalities removed

 * I still think it needs more work, from a more experienced editor.--Kizzatp 04:31, 1 June 2006 (UTC)Kizza

 * I'll attend to it, in time. michael talk 15:01, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Thankyou. Another note about the accents. A Hilltop Hoods track, Aussie Accents, talks about the group not respecting any hip hop artists that use an accent, especially american, other than their native one.--Kizzatp 15:52, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

 * No such song, you're thinking of Matty B's 'Accents' http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eyi5TFvJTYM

umm, you have th remix shoe as an album... it's a shoe... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.81.84.161 (talk) 05:53, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:A matter of time cover.jpg
I found Image:A matter of time cover.jpg and noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. Someone will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If it was obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, then their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self-no-disclaimers tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If there are other files on this page, consider checking that they have specified their source and are tagged properly, too. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 05:04, 25 May 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Betacommand (talk • contribs • Bot) 05:04, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:A matter of time cover.jpg
Image:A matter of time cover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.Betacommand (talk • contribs • Bot) 05:04, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Singles
Added a table at the the bottom of the discography under section: singles. It contains a list of the singles with the album, position on the Triple J Hottest 100, position on the ARIA Singles Chart, and the year released as a single.Revoranii 13:49, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Lf-rf hilltop.jpg
Image:Lf-rf hilltop.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 16:22, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

B Rating
This is no way meets criterion 1 of the B rating scale.--Grahame (talk) 23:22, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

what is a shoe?!?!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 123.2.133.41 (talk) 16:19, 18 November 2009 (UTC)

=Removing immature comments= Sorry I'm not in anyway capable of editing a page let alone using this section properly. Could someone please remove the penis comment which comes right after the part about them "using" their Australian accent. I really don't think it is necssary or true, nor does it use a reference.

= A few changes =

I removed one irrelevant thing from the article, and fixed the grammar on another peice - I removed the Michael Jackson part here:

"The album has since gone platinum and spent two weeks at number one before being overtaken by the Michael Jackson craze following the King of Pop's recent death" Michael Jackson's death was irrelevant to this page. I also fixed the grammar for this part: (The Calling and commercial success (2003-2005)) "and nosbleed section got 17 in the Triple J Hottest 100 of all time 2009." Changed to "and The Nosebleed Section ranked #17 in the Triple J Hottest 100 of All Time 2009." —Preceding unsigned comment added by MCAspire (talk • contribs) 23:06, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

-3/19/2010-MCAspire (talk) 08:00, 19 March 2010 (UTC)

Photo has apparently been removed
The file, Hilltop 060331082301667 wideweb 300x375.jpg, has apparently been removed. Could someone replace it, please? —Preceding unsigned comment added by MCAspire (talk • contribs) 23:10, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

-3/19/2010-MCAspire (talk) 08:00, 19 March 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 7 external links on Hilltop Hoods. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090627183739/http://www.accessallareas.net.au/artists/Hilltop_Hoods.php to http://www.accessallareas.net.au/artists/Hilltop_Hoods.php
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090828134338/http://www.ministers.sa.gov.au/news.php?id=871&print=1 to http://www.ministers.sa.gov.au/news.php?id=871&print=1
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141006162135/http://charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Hilltop+Hoods to http://charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Hilltop+Hoods
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100701075407/http://www.apra-amcos.com.au/apraawards/musicawards/history/2010Winners.aspx to http://www.apra-amcos.com.au/apraawards/musicawards/history/2010Winners.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130822072915/http://www.apra-amcos.com.au/2013APRAMusicAwards/australian.html to http://www.apra-amcos.com.au/2013APRAMusicAwards/australian.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20091024122004/http://www.ariaawards.com.au/archives/media-centre/2007/19Sep07%20-%20Finalists%20Announcement.pdf to http://www.ariaawards.com.au/archives/media-centre/2007/19Sep07%20-%20Finalists%20Announcement.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121108183740/http://www.australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Hilltop+Hoods to http://www.australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Hilltop+Hoods

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:53, 2 April 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 external links on Hilltop Hoods. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Hilltop%20Hoods
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130821205238/http://www.apra-amcos.com.au/2013APRAMusicAwards/urban.html to http://www.apra-amcos.com.au/2013APRAMusicAwards/urban.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111004130050/http://alldownunder.com/oz-p/aria/2006-aria.htm to http://alldownunder.com/oz-p/aria/2006-aria.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071118143950/http://www.ariaawards.com.au/history-by-year.php?year=2007 to http://www.ariaawards.com.au/history/year/2007
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Hilltop%20Hoods

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:00, 20 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Hilltop Hoods. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20141005071309/http://www.pagesdigital.com/watch-hilltop-hoods-speaking-in-tongues/ to http://www.pagesdigital.com/watch-hilltop-hoods-speaking-in-tongues/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130410042637/http://homebake.com.au/2012/projects/hilltop-hoods/ to http://homebake.com.au/2012/projects/hilltop-hoods/
 * Added tag to http://alldownunder.com/oz-p/aria/2007-aria.htm
 * Added tag to http://alldownunder.com/oz-p/aria/2008-aria.htm
 * Added tag to http://alldownunder.com/oz-p/aria/2009-aria.htm
 * Added tag to http://alldownunder.com/oz-p/aria/2012-aria.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090224050511/http://mergemagazine.com.au/verge/hoodsboots to http://www.mergemagazine.com.au/verge/hoodsboots

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:42, 4 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hilltop Hoods


text: Category:Stavanger

title: Category:Stavanger


text:
Chris Schofield

Christopher Paul Schofield (born 6 October 1978) is an English cricketer, who played Tests and Twenty20 Internationals. Schofield is one of the few leg-spinners to play cricket for England in the 21st century.

Early career
Born on 6 October 1978, in Wardle, Rochdale, Greater Manchester, Schofield first came to prominence playing for the England Under-19 team, making his debut for them (as a batsman) at the age of 16 in April 1995. However, his career proper began in 1997, when he appeared on a number of further occasions for the Under-19s, and the following winter played for England in the Under-19s World Cup in South Africa which the team won. He finally made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Glamorgan in July 1998, although figures of 0–139 in the first innings were not the most impressive way to begin. (He claimed 2–44 in the second innings.)

1999 saw Schofield become an important member of the Lancashire side, and he played ten first-class games that season, finishing with 29 wickets at 32.79 including his first five-wicket haul: 5–66 against Durham. In 1999–2000 he had a useful tour to New Zealand and Bangladesh with England A, and his good form – combined with the England hierarchy's Warne-inspired thirst for a leg-spinner of their own – led to Schofield's being awarded one of the ECB's first batch of central contracts in 2000.

International career
In May 2000, Schofield made his Test debut against Zimbabwe at Lord's. Despite a crushing England win by an innings and 209 runs, the game was a frustrating match for the leg-spinner as Zimbabwe's ineptitude against the seamers meant that he was not called upon to bowl a ball, and he was out third ball for nought in his only innings. The second Test at Nottingham was better in terms of runs – he made a handy 57 from number eight – but in 18 less than controlled overs he took 0–73.

In July 2007, he was picked in a preliminary 30-man squad for the Twenty20 World Cup in September, professing himself to have "worked very hard to get back into international colours". On 6 August 2007, Schofield was named in the full England squad for the 2007 Twenty20 World Championship.

Later career
That was the end as far as Schofield's brief relationship with an England cap was concerned. He returned to his county, and though he was picked for another A tour to the West Indies in 2000–01 things started to fall apart shortly afterwards. In 2001 he took only 14 wickets at an average of over 54, though 26 wickets at 18.53 in List A cricket were a compensation, and although his average of 18.38 in 2002 looked better it was deceptive: Schofield was bowled only 122 first-class overs in total that summer.

The 2003 season continued Schofield's downward slide: 15 wickets at 42.40 in first-class cricket; five at 47.60 in List A games. This, though, was as nothing when set against his miserable 2004: a career-best knock of 99 against Warwickshire could not hide the fact that he was selected for only three County Championship matches, in which he took precisely one wicket in total; and though he played ten one-day games these were almost entirely as a batsman: he bowled only 36 List A balls in 2004.

At the end of the 2004 season, Lancashire released him, coach Mike Watkinson's understated remark that Schofield had "perhaps not reached his full potential" ringing in his ears. However, the player felt that he had been informed of the decision to dispense with his services too late in the year, and that this had affected his chance of finding a new employer for the following season. He brought a case for unfair dismissal against Lancashire to an employment tribunal, and in April 2005 the panel found in his favour.

Meanwhile, Schofield returned to play in club cricket, for Cheshire and Suffolk in the Minor Counties Championship, as well as having several games for the Durham, Sussex and Derbyshire second teams. In 2006 he played for Ormskirk Cricket Club in the Liverpool and District Cricket Competition's Premier League.

From late August 2006, he appeared for Surrey, though not (yet) under contract. In October 2006 he was offered a one-year contract for 2007 with Surrey and accepted the offer. He remained with Surrey until the end of the 2011 season, when he was released by the county after the club had gained promotion and won the Pro 40.

title: Chris Schofield


text:
Prath

Prath may refer to:

 * The Syriac name of the Euphrates river
 * Prath, Germany

title: Prath


text:
Subhadra Kumari Chauhan

Subhadra Kumari Chauhan (16 August 1904 – 15 February 1948) was an Indian poet. One of her most popular poems is Jhansi Ki Rani (about the courageous Queen of Jhansi). ''

Biography
Subhadra Chauhan was born into a Rajput family in Nihalpur village, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. She initially studied in the Crosthwaite Girls' School in Prayagraj where she was senior to and friends with Mahadevi Verma and passed the middle-school examination in 1919. She married Thakur Lakshman Singh Chauhan of Khandwa in 1919 when she was sixteen with whom she had five children. After her marriage with Thakur Lakshman Singh Chauhan of Khandwa in the same year, she moved to Jubbulpore (now Jabalpur), Central Provinces.

In 1921, Subhadra Kumari Chauhan and her husband joined Mahatma Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement. She was the first woman Satyagrahi to court arrest in Nagpur and was jailed twice for her involvement in protests against the British rule in 1923 and 1942.

She was a member of the legislative assembly of the state (erstwhile Central Provinces). She died in 1948 in a car accident near Seoni, Madhya Pradesh, on her way back to Jabalpur from Nagpur, the then capital of Central Provinces, where she had gone to attend the assembly session.

Writing career
Chauhan authored a number of popular works in Hindi poetry. Her most famous composition is Jhansi Ki Rani, an emotionally charged poem describing the life of Rani Lakshmi Bai. The poem is one of the most recited and sung poems in Hindi literature. An emotionally charged description of the life of the queen of Jhansi(British India) and her participation in the 1857 revolution, it is often taught in schools in India. A couplet repeated at the end of each stanza reads thus: "बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी, खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी॥"

This and her other poems, Jallianwala Bagh mein Vasant, Veeron Ka Kaisa Ho Basant, Rakhi Ki Chunauti, and  Vida, openly talk about the freedom movement. They are said to have inspired great numbers of Indian youth to participate in the Indian Freedom Movement. Here is the opening stanza of Jhansi ki Rani:

Subhadra Kumari Chauhan wrote in the Khariboli dialect of Hindi, in a simple, clear style. Apart from heroic poems, she also wrote poems for children. She wrote some short stories based on the life of the middle class.

Legacy
The ICGS Subhadra Kumari Chauhan, an Indian Coast Guard ship, was named for the poet. The government of Madhya Pradesh placed a statue of Subhadra Kumari Chauhan before the Municipal Corporation office of Jabalpur.

On 6 August 1976, India Posts released a postage stamp to commemorate her.

On 16 August 2021, Google commemorated Subhadra Kumari with a Doodle on her 117th birth anniversary. Google commented: "Chauhan’s poetry remains a staple in many Indian classrooms as a symbol of historical progress, encouraging future generations to stand up against social injustice and celebrate the words that shaped a nation’s history".

Collections of poems
These anthologies consist some of the well-known poems like "Jhansi ki Raani", "Veeron Ka Kaisa Ho Basant" and "Yeh Kadamb Ka Ped".
 * Khilonewala
 * Tridhara
 * Mukul (1930)
 * Yeh Kadamb Ka Ped

 * "Seedhe-Saade Chitra" (1946)
 * "Mera naya Bachpan" (1946)
 * "Bikhare Moti" (1932)
 * "Jhansi ki Rani"

Short stories

 * Hingvala (or Hingwala)

title: Subhadra Kumari Chauhan


text:
Bus bunching

In public transport, bus bunching, clumping, convoying, piggybacking or platooning is a phenomenon whereby two or more transit vehicles (such as buses or trains) that were scheduled at regular intervals along a common route instead bunch together and form a platoon. This occurs when leading vehicles are unable to keep their schedule and fall behind to such an extent that trailing vehicles catch up to them.

Description
A bus that is running slightly late will, in addition to its normal load, pick up passengers who would have taken the next bus if the first bus had not been late. These extra passengers delay the first bus even further. In contrast, the bus behind the late bus has a lighter passenger load than it otherwise would have, and may therefore run ahead of schedule. The classical theory causal model for irregular intervals is based on the observation that a late bus tends to get later and later as it completes its run, while the bus following it tends to get earlier and earlier. Eventually these buses form a pair, one right after another, and the service deteriorates as the headway degrades from its nominal value. The buses that are stuck together are called a bus bunch or banana bus; this may also involve more than two buses. This effect is often theorised to be the primary cause of reliability problems on bus and metro systems. Simulation studies have successfully demonstrated the extent of possible factors influencing bus bunching, and they may also be used to understand the impact of actions taken to overcome negative effects of bunching.

Clumping can be caused by random heavy usage of any particular vehicle, resulting in it falling behind schedule. The leading vehicle eventually lapses towards the time slot of a later scheduled vehicle. Sometimes, the later scheduled vehicle gets ahead of its own timetable, and the two vehicles meet between their scheduled times. Sometimes one scheduled vehicle may pass another.

Clumping can be prevented or reduced as follows:
 * Scheduling minimum and maximum amounts of time at each stop
 * Scheduling some crowded runs to skip certain stops
 * If, on a popular route with frequent service, a crowded vehicle arrives, passengers can be urged to wait for the next vehicle, which may be less crowded.

A different approach is to abandon the idea of a schedule and keep buses equally spaced by strategically delaying them at designated stops. This is used to control the buses on the campus of Northern Arizona University, where it outperforms the previously scheduled system. A queueing theory paper in 1984 on multiple server cyclic queues observed the bus bunching effects and proposed a method called "dispersive schedules" to alleviate it. Merely adding more vehicles to the schedule without making other changes has been proven not to be a reliable solution to the problem of bunching.

title: Bus bunching


text:
User talk:Dan Simper

I have reverted your edits to landed gentry, which were anachronistic and incorrect. The landed gentry in Europe were all upper class; land ownership was the thing that defined the upper class in traditional European societies, not wealth. You seem to have been applying modern American perceptions to the subject, with their direct correlation between income and class, but they are not relevant. CalJW 11:34, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Gentry (United States)
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Gentry (United States), suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you agree with the deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please add  to the top of Gentry (United States). 75.186.36.20 (talk) 06:05, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dan Simper


text:
Talk:Starting Over (TV series)

Merge
Someone suggested a merge. Well, I second the idea. Or support or whatever the term may be. Having two pages is a waste of space. Some of this can be moved over to the other page that has the photo. --JamesB3 11:34, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

NO MERGE
Keep it where it is. There is a reason we have disambiguations.

Status of the series?
The third season of the series has drawn to a close this week. When will a decision be made whether some form of a new series will be filmed?

Any way to get the individual episode summaries in here?

Merge from Rana Walker
I recommend merging the info from Walker's article into the show article, since I'm not convinced that there's enough information in Walker's article to justify independent notability. --Elonka 23:18, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

DO NOT MERGE
Rana Walker stands on her own and is not just about 'starting over'. If you google her name several websites come up. Her own website describes : "Rana Walker is an experienced mental health therapist and wellness coach. For more than 15 years, she has created wellness experiences, facilitated workshops and lectured domestically and abroad. Her overseas travels, and residence in Ghana, West Africa, have laid the groundwork for a far reaching worldview."

I think the article Rana Walker should not be merged and instead be listed as a stub and offer the community the ability to build her page.

It is the same with Iyanla Vanzant, Rhonda Britten and Stan Katz. They all share similar capacities that Rana Walker held while on 'Starting Over.' 70.121.166.152 14:41, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

I need this show to help me start over
I have been broken for so long I dont know who I am anymore. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.118.55.39 (talk) 04:14, 27 September 2011 (UTC)

Goals
It would be nice to list the housemate's "Starting Over" goals along with their names, if this information is available. 107.216.122.146 (talk)amyanda2000 or 107.216.122.146 (talk)amyanda —Preceding undated comment added 08:40, 24 June 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Starting Over (TV series)


text:
Wolverhampton railway works

Wolverhampton railway works was in the city of Wolverhampton in the county of Staffordshire, England. It was almost due north of the city centre, and is commemorated with a small display of level crossing gates and a plaque. Known as the Stafford Road Works, it was opened by the Shrewsbury and Birmingham Railway in 1849 to maintain bought-in locomotives.

Overview
Wolverhampton works, located at Gorsebrook, north of Wolverhampton centre, became the workshop of the Northern Division of the Great Western Railway in 1854 under Joseph Armstrong who had been in charge of maintenance for the Shrewsbury and Chester Railway at Saltney. The first line arrived at Wolverhampton and the running shed was rebuilt. Locomotive repairs were concentrated in Wolverhampton, while carriage and wagon work was transferred to Saltney.

Locomotives
Joseph Armstrong was promoted to Swindon in 1864 and his brother George succeeded him. Wolverhampton became responsible for building standard gauge locomotives independently of Swindon and was expanded in 1858.

In comparison with Swindon, Wolverhampton was frustrated by having to maintain a great variety of different locomotives from the various lines that had been taken over. Much of its work, therefore, was in rebuilding and standardisation. However, once new construction started in 1859 (with two 2-2-2s designed by Joseph Armstrong) its independence showed. This was even true of the livery; that of Swindon engines was leaf green with oak brown frames, while Wolverhampton's were dark blue-green with red-brown frames.

Construction during George Armstrong's tenure consisted mainly of 0-4-2 tanks of the familiar 517 Class, and several classes of 0-6-0 saddle tanks, nearly all of which later became pannier tanks, and many of which would survive in that form into British Railways days.

As the broad gauge declined and was finally abolished in 1892, Swindon naturally took over as the GWR's main "narrow" (=standard) gauge locomotive builder. When George Armstrong retired, aged 75, in 1897, Swindon influence grew stronger at Wolverhampton. After producing some 800 locomotives, all new building ceased in 1908. The Works continued to repair and overhaul all classes of locomotive, from the humble tank engine to the King Class and BR Standard locomotives, until it closed in 1964.

Wolverhampton (Stafford Road) TMD
On reaching Wolverhampton in 1854, the GWR built their own shed on the opposite side of the Stafford Road to the existing S&B works, between the road and the LMS line to Crewe. Located opposite and accessible from Dunstall Park railway station, the shed backed onto the Stafford Road, with it throat facing Wolverhampton Low Level railway station.

In 1860, the GWR added a Old Oak Common pattern 55 ft turntable shed, with 28 access tracks all with their own inspection pits. Sheds nos. 2 and 3 were added in the same pattern by 1875, with all turntables across all three sheds increased to 65 ft. But due to site access restrictions, sheds nos. 2 and 3 were not directly accessible from Wolverhampton Low Level.

As the major depot of the region, it was constructed as a heavy maintenance repair shop, to replace the functionality of the old S&B works. Hence under the Loans and Guarantees Act (1929): the old broad gauge sheds were demolished and replaced with new steel-framed sheds nos. 4 and 5; a new lifting and erection shop on the site of the old S&B depot; the salted roofs and timber trusses roofs of sheds nos. 1, 2 and 3 replaced by steel supports and corrugated iron; and a new two-ramp coaling stage plus additional 65 ft erected on the opposite side of the LMS line, closer to Wolverhampton Low Level. By this time the depot function of the old S&B shed had been replaced by the new standard-pattern two-turntable Wolverhampton Oxley depot, which was on the opposite side of the line, next to the freight yards and closer to Wolverhampton Low Level.

After reallocation of the depot to London Midland Region in January 1963, the decision was taken to close the now run down and highly dilapidated site, concentrating all remaining locomotives and work to Oxley. By this time sheds nos. 2 and 3 were effectively abandoned. The shed closed to all activity in September 1963, and was redeveloped as an industrial estate.

title: Wolverhampton railway works


text:
User:Brostad

I'm a Norwegian citizen, living in the capital of Oslo, and have used Wikipedia almost daily for the past 2-3 years. I don't really have the time to but I like the idea of each person contributing a little bit of their experience to create this vast web of knowledge, so from time to time I'll try to add a new piece of information if I see it missing.

By the way. My background is in particle physics (yes, I spent some time at CERN, in the mid 1990s, working on the DELPHI experiment of the old LEP collider) but I turned to computers early on. I've been online since 1991.

Interests: Ancient history, science, music, belgian beer, red wine and cajun food.

"No testimony is sufficient to establish a miracle, unless the testimony be of such a kind, that its falsehood would be more miraculous than the fact which it endeavours to establish." - David Hume

title: User:Brostad


text:
User talk:Lacen~enwiki

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
 * Ask questions at the Village pump or Help desk.
 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary
 * Add the correct image copyright tag to any images you upload
 * Create a User page
 * Be bold
 * Ignore all rules

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

I can see from the lovely photos you uploaded to commons, and the link to them in the appropriate place, that you have the gist of it, but if you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 11:34, 26 August 2005 (UTC).

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Lacen. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Lacen~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:04, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 15:13, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lacen~enwiki


text:
William Thaddeus Coleman Jr.

William Thaddeus Coleman Jr. (July 7, 1920 – March 31, 2017) was an American attorney and judge. Coleman was the fourth United States Secretary of Transportation, from March 7, 1975, to January 20, 1977, and the second African American to serve in the United States Cabinet. As an attorney, Coleman played a major role in significant civil rights cases. At the time of his death, Coleman was the oldest living former Cabinet member.

Early life and education
Coleman was born to Laura Beatrice (née Mason) Coleman and William Thaddeus Coleman Sr. in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Coleman's mother came from six generations of Episcopal ministers, including an operator of the Underground Railroad. W.E.B. DuBois and Langston Hughes would visit the family's home for dinner. One of seven black students at Germantown High School, Coleman was suspended for cursing at a teacher after she praised his honors presentation by saying, "Someday, William, you will make a wonderful chauffeur." When Coleman attempted to join the school's swim team he was again suspended, and the team disbanded after he returned so as to avoid admitting him, only to reform after he graduated. Coleman's swim team coach wrote him a strong letter of recommendation and he was accepted into the University of Pennsylvania, where he was a double major in political science and economics.

He graduated summa cum laude from the University of Pennsylvania with a B.A. in history in 1941. There, he was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Society. He was elected to the Pi Gamma Mu international honor society in 1941. Coleman was also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.

Coleman was accepted to the Harvard Law School but left in 1943 to enlist in the United States Army Air Forces, failing in his attempt to join the Tuskegee Airmen. Instead, Coleman spent the war defending the accused in courts-martial. After the war, Coleman returned to Harvard Law, where he became the third black staff member accepted to the Harvard Law Review, and graduated first in his class and magna cum laude in 1946.

Career
He began his legal career in 1947, serving as law clerk to Judge Herbert F. Goodrich of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and U.S. Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter in 1948. He was the first African American to serve as a Supreme Court law clerk. Fellow clerks, including Elliot Richardson, would have difficulty finding a restaurant where they could eat together.

Coleman was hired by the New York law firm of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison in 1949. Thurgood Marshall, then the chief counsel of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, recruited Coleman to be one of the lead strategists and coauthor of the legal brief in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), in which the U.S. Supreme Court held racial segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional.

He served as a member of the NAACP's national legal committee, director and member of its executive committee, and president of board of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. Coleman was also a member of President Dwight D. Eisenhower's Committee on Government Employment Policy (1959–1961) and a consultant to the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (1963–1975). Coleman served as an assistant counsel to the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy (1964), also known as the Warren Commission, on which then-Congressman Gerald Ford was a commissioner.

During the Warren Commission's investigation into the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the commission received word via a backchannel that Fidel Castro, then Prime Minister of Cuba, wanted to talk to them. The Commission sent Coleman as an investigator and he met with Castro on a fishing boat off the coast of Cuba. Castro denied any involvement in the assassination of President Kennedy during Coleman's three-hour questioning. Coleman reported the results of his investigation and interview with Castro directly to Commission Chairman Earl Warren, the Chief Justice of the United States.

Coleman was co-counsel to the petitioners in McLaughlin v. Florida (1964), in which the Supreme Court unanimously struck down a law prohibiting an interracial couple from living together. In 1969, he was a member of the U.S. delegation to the twenty-fourth session of the United Nations General Assembly.

Coleman was also a member of the National Commission on Productivity (1971–1972). Coleman served in the boardrooms of PepsiCo, IBM, Chase Manhattan Bank, and Pan American World Airways. He was senior partner in the law firm of Dilworth, Paxson, Kalish, Levy & Coleman at the time of his appointment to the Ford Administration.

In 1973, Coleman became the first Black member of the Union League of Philadelphia.

Cabinet post
President Gerald Ford appointed Coleman to serve in his Cabinet as the fourth Secretary of Transportation on March 7, 1975. During Coleman's time at the Department of Transportation, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's automobile test facility at East Liberty, Ohio commenced operations, and the department established the Materials Transportation Bureau to address pipeline safety and the safe shipment of hazardous materials. In February 1976, Coleman authorized a testing period for the supersonic Concorde jet, and flights began on May 24. After the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey banned the jet, the U.S. Supreme Court restored Coleman's authorization. In December 1976, Coleman rejected consumer activists' pressure for a federal mandate on automobile airbags and instead announced a two-year demonstration period favored by the auto industry. Coleman's tenure ended in January 1977, after Jimmy Carter won the 1976 election.

Post-Cabinet service and honors
On leaving the department, Coleman returned to Philadelphia and subsequently became a partner in the Washington office of the Los Angeles-based law firm O'Melveny & Myers. Colman argued a total of 19 cases before the Supreme Court. He appeared for the respondent in the argument and reargument of Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority (1985). In 1983, with the election quickly approaching, the Reagan administration stopped supporting the IRS's position against Bob Jones University that overtly discriminatory groups were ineligible for certain tax exemptions. Coleman was appointed to argue the now unsupported lower court position before the Supreme Court, and won in Bob Jones University v. United States.

Coleman was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1993. On September 29, 1995, Coleman was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Bill Clinton. After the July 17, 1996, crash of TWA Flight 800, he served on the President's Commission on Airline and Airport Security. Coleman received an honorary LL.D. from Bates College in 1975. Coleman was also awarded honorary degrees from, among others, Williams College in May 1975, Gettysburg College on May 22, 2011, and Boston University in May 2012.

Coleman was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2001.

In September 2004, President George W. Bush appointed Coleman to the United States Court of Military Commission Review.

In June 2006, Coleman received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.

In December 2006, Coleman served as an honorary pallbearer during the state funeral of Gerald Ford in Washington, D.C.

Personal life
In 1945, Coleman married Lovida Mae Hardin (1923–2020). They had three children: Lovida H. Coleman, Jr. (1949–2018); William Thaddeus Coleman III, a General Counsel of the Army under President Clinton and stepfather of Flavia Colgan; and Hardin Coleman, dean, Boston University School of Education.

Coleman Jr. died from complications of Alzheimer's disease at his home in Alexandria, Virginia, on March 31, 2017, aged 96.

title: William Thaddeus Coleman Jr.


text:
Lars Gyllensten

Lars Johan Wictor Gyllensten (12 November 1921 – 25 May 2006) was a Swedish author and physician, and a member of the Swedish Academy.

Gyllensten was born and grew up in a middle-class family in Stockholm, son of Carl Gyllensten and Ingrid Rangström, and nephew of Ture Rangström. He studied at the Karolinska Institute, becoming a doctor of medicine in 1953, and was an associate professor of histology there from 1955 to 1973.

His first written work, published under the pseudonym Jan Wictor in 1946, was a collection of poetry by Gyllensten and Torgny Greitz entitled Camera Obscura, a straight-faced parody of Swedish modernist 1940s poetry. The Swedish Academy biography refers to his "dialectic" prose trilogy Moderna myter ('Modern myths', 1949), Det blå skeppet ('The blue ship', 1950) and Barnabok ('Child book', 1952) as the "real" beginning of his authorship. His last work was published in 2004. He left the Karolinska Institute to become a full-time author in 1973. He has been described as a Swedish counterpart to Thomas Mann and Albert Camus. Few of his works have been translated into English, French and German.

He became a member of the Swedish Academy in 1966, was permanent secretary of the Academy from 1977 to 1986, served on the Swedish Academy's Nobel Prize committee from 1968 to 1987, became a member of the Nobel Foundation in 1979 (serving as chairman from 1987 to 1993), and was an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities.

Gyllensten left the Swedish Academy in 1989 as a result of its failure to support Salman Rushdie following the fatwa calling for Rushdie's death because of his controversial novel The Satanic Verses. According to the rules of the Academy, Gyllensten remained a passive member for the remainder of his life.

title: Lars Gyllensten