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Þorsteinn Gylfason

Þorsteinn Gylfason (12 August 1942 – 16 August 2005) was an Icelandic philosopher, translator, musician and poet. Þorsteinn distinguished himself in Icelandic public life with his writings in newspapers, journals and publications.

Early life
Þorsteinn was born and raised in Reykjavík, the capital of Iceland. His parents were Guðrún Vilmundardóttir and Gylfi Þorsteinsson Gíslason, a university professor and government minister. He was the brother of Vilmundur Gylfason, a politician, and Þorvaldur Gylfason, an economist.

Þorsteinn graduated from the Menntaskólinn í Reykjavík gymnasium in 1961 and subsequently received a grant to study at Harvard University. He left Harvard with a B.A. degree in philosophy, having studied under the tutelage of Willard Van Orman Quine. He returned home for graduate studies in Icelandic, and later attended the University of Munich and Magdalen College, Oxford from 1965 to 1971. At Oxford, he studied under Gilbert Ryle and befriended well-known characters from philosophical circles, such as Alfred Jules Ayer. This influence affected his work in philosophy to a considerable extent.

Career
Þorsteinn worked as an assistant professor at the University of Iceland from 1971, and was made full professor in 1989. He was visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the London School of Economics.

Þorsteinn received a number of awards and acknowledgements for his works, amongst them the Þórbergur Þórðarson and National Icelandic Literature Prizes in 1997. In 1994, he was awarded the Knights Cross of the Icelandic Falcon by Icelandic president Vigdís Finnbogadóttir for his contributions to Icelandic culture and academia.

Works
Þorsteinn wrote 12 books on philosophy and philology, including An Essay on Man (1970), An Essay on the World (1992), Thinking in Icelandic (1996) and Justice and Injustice (1998). He also published over 37 academic papers in various philosophical journals and composed poetry and lyrics, either with musical composer Atli Heimir Sveinsson or to the music of Kurt Weill and Richard Wagner.

His translations to Icelandic included On Liberty by John Stuart Mill, Søren Kierkegaard's Repetitions, Plato's Phaedo, Descartes' Meditations, all of whom were published by the Icelandic Literature Society, for which he served as a series chief editor for almost two decades.

Philosophy
Þorsteinn's philosophical work was mostly in the philosophy of language and mind and political philosophy. His method and style of philosophy was very much rooted in the analytic tradition, through influence from men such as W.V.O. Quine and Gilbert Ryle. He also found inspiration in the continental philosophers, especially from existentialism in the style of Søren Kierkegaard and Martin Heidegger, whose works he translated into Icelandic. Later on, his focus was on contemporary work by Elizabeth Anscombe, Donald Davidson, Saul Kripke, John Rawls, Philippa Foot, Charles Taylor and Richard Rorty.

Þorsteinn's early works (An Essay on Man in particular) are in the style of 20th century logical positivism—highly suspicious of esoteric Hegelian metaphysics. He later turned away from comprehensive theories to focus on specific problems. He considered himself an analytic philosopher insofar as "the ideas that have proven to be the most fruitful and inspiring, have been those of scholars generally considered to be 'analytic philosophers'." He usually said he was not much of a utilitarian neither in personal thinking nor politics and favoured deontology and virtue ethics.

His final words when describing himself as a philosopher were: "I believe that no philosophical theory can avoid paying the utmost heed to the natural sciences."

Death
Þorsteinn was diagnosed with terminal cancer of the stomach on 12 August 2005 and died four days later. His funeral took place in Reykjavík Cathedral.

Books

 * Tilraun um manninn [An Essay on Man], Reykjavík 1970.
 * Þrætubókarkorn [Dialectic] (with P.T. Geach), Reykjavík, 1981.
 * Tilraun um heiminn [An Essay on the World], Reykjavík 1992.
 * Sprek af reka [Logs of Driftwood], Reykjavík 1993 (translations of verse).
 * Að hugsa á íslenzku [Thinking in Icelandic], Reykjavík 1996 (collected essays on the philosophy of language).
 * Réttlæti og ranglæti [Justice and Injustice], Reykjavík 1998 (collected essays on political philosophy).
 * Söngfugl að sunnan [A Songbird from the South], Reykjavik 2000 (translations of verse).
 * Sál og mál [Mind and Language], Reykjavík 2006 (collected essays in Icelandic and English published posthumously).

Booklets

 * Rauður fyrirlestur [A Red Lecture], Reykjavík 1982 (against libertarianism).
 * Valdsorðaskak [A Disputation on Power], Reykjavík 1982.
 * Orðasmíð [The Creativity of Language], Reykjavík 1991 (inaugural lecture).
 * Niflungahringurinn [Der Ring des Nibelungen], Listahátíð í Reykjavík 1994. See Works for the Stage (1).
 * Gagnrýni hreinnar skynsemi [Pure Reason Criticised], Reykjavík 1994 (on Kant). (Revised as Náin skoðun skynseminnar, Reykjavík 2001).

Principal essays in books or periodicals

 * “Skemmtilegt er myrkrið” [The Fun of Darkness], Tímarit Máls og menningar 1971, 285-313 (against dialectical materialism).
 * “Að hugsa á íslenzku” [Thinking in Icelandic], Skírnir 1973, 129-158 (also published as a booklet).
 * “Ætti sálarfræði að vera til?” [Should There Be Psychology?] Skírnir 1975, 5-37.
 * “Er vit í vísindum?” [Is Science Rational?], Tímarit Máls og menningar 1975, 245-266 (on Kuhn versus Popper).
 * “Um fyrirburðafræði” [On Parapsychology], Lífgeislar 1979, 3-34 and 61–66.
 * “Hvers vegna í dauðanum?” [Why on Earth?], Morgunblaðið 12 April 1980 (on the psychology of education).
 * “Málrækt í mannlegum fræðum” [Linguistic Purism in the Humanities], Skíma IV, 3 (1981).
 * “Hvað er réttlæti?” [What is Justice?], Skírnir 1984, 159–222.
 * “Teikn og tákn” [Signs and Symbols], Stúdentablaðið LXI, 4, 17–19.
 * “Tónlist, réttlæti og sannleikur” [Music, Justice and Truth], Andvari 1985, 127-142 (on the aesthetics of music).
 * “Sur des parlers anciens, faisons des mots nouveaux” [New Words for an Old Language], Diogène 1985, 19-36 (on neology). Also published in English, Spanish and Chinese.
 * “Inngangur” [Introduction] to Sigurður Nordal: Einlyndi og marglyndi [Unity and Diversity], Reykjavík 1986, ix-xxxvii.
 * “Hundrað og eitt ár” [101 Years], Tímarit Máls og menningar 1989, 304-318 (a centenary celebration of the writer Þórbergur Þórðarson).
 * “Ludwig Wittgenstein”, Hugur 1989, 5-22 (a centenary celebration).
 * “Martin Heidegger”, Teningur 1989 (a centenary celebration).
 * “Snilld og brjálæði” [Genius and Madness], Tímaritið 2000 1990.
 * “Ljósið sem hvarf” [The Light that Vanished], Skírnir 1990, 362-389 (on the philosophy of religion).
 * “Det kreativa ordet” [The Creative Word] in Georg Klein (ed.): Om kreativitet och flow [On Creativity and Flow], Stockholm 1990.
 * “Skáldskapur og sannleikur” [Poetry and Truth], Teningur 1991, 24–27.
 * “Anaxímandros frá Míletos” [Anaximander of Miletus], Tímarit Máls og menningar 1991, 75–91.
 * “Inngangur” [Introduction] and “Skýringar” [Notes] to René Descartes: Orðræða um aðferð [Discourse on Method], Reykjavík 1991, 11-54 and 153–202.
 * “Líf og sál” [Life and Soul] in Einar Logi Vignisson og Ólafur Páll Jónsson (eds.): Af líkama og sál [Of Body and Mind], Reykjavík 1992.
 * “Að gera eða vera” [To Do or to Be] in Hugur Vol. 6 (1993–1994), 63–90.
 * “Skólar, úhrif og þroski” (Schools, External Effects and Human Development] in Ný menntamál Vol. 12 No. 4. (1994), 6–11.
 * “Er tónlist mál?” [Is Music a Language?] Tímarit Máls og menningar 1994.
 * “Gildi, boð og ástæður” [Values, Imperatives and Reasons] in Hugur Vol. 6 (1995), 14–31.
 * “SDG” [Soli Deo Gloria] in Þorsteinn Helgason (ed.): Sem niður margra vatna: Sumartónleikar í Skálholtskirkju tuttugu ára, Reykjavík 1995, 29-33 (on Bach's theology)
 * “Fjölræði og sjálfstæði” [Pluralism and Independence] in Tímarit lögfræðinga 1995, 1-15 (on the independence of the judiciary).
 * “Richard Wagner as a Poet” in Wagner's Ring and Its Icelandic Sources, edited by Úlfar Bragason, Stofnun Sigurðar Nordals, Reykjavík 1995.
 * “Túlkun og tjáning” [Interpretation and Expression] in Leikhúsmál 1996 (on dramatic acting).
 * “Sannleikur” [Truth] in Er vit í vísindum?, Reykjavík 1996.
 * “Kan DNA-koden och binas dans betraktas som språk?” (Can the DNA-code and the Dance of Bees be regarded as languages?) in Medicinsk vetenskap vid Karolinska Institutet No. 4 1997.
 * “Introduction” to Njál's Saga, Wordsworth Classics of World Literarture, 1998.
 * “Inngangur” [Introduction] to Ludwig Wittgenstein's Bláa bókin [The Blue Book], Reykjavík 1998.
 * “Er eignarréttur náttúrlegur?” in Afmælisrit: Þór Vilhjálmsson sjötugur, Orator, Reykjavík 2000.
 * “Inngangur” [Introduction] to René Descartes: Hugleiðingar um frumspeki [Meditations], Reykjavík 2001.
 * “Refir, broddgeltir, dýrlingur og snákur“ [on G.E.M. Anscombe and W.V.O. Quine] in Hugur, Reykjavík 2002.

Principal poems in periodicals and anthologies

 * “Glerhús við skál” [Clerihews Above a Glass], Morgunblaðið 1985.
 * “Ólafur Jónsson”, Lesbók Morgunblaðsins 1989.
 * “Hamingjan um nótt” [Happiness at Night], Tímarit Máls og menningar 1990 and Spegill, spegill, Reykjavik 1991 (an anthology of literature for secondary schools).
 * “Vilmundur Gylfason”, Tímarit Máls og menningar 1990.
 * “Ættjarðarkvæði” [A Patriotic Song], Morgunblaðið 1991.
 * “Töfraflautan” [The Magic Flute], Leikskrá Íslensku óperunnar 1991 and Morgunblaðið 1991.
 * “Sónhenda með ensku sniði” [A Sonnet in the English Manner], Vörður 1993.
 * “Skírnarsálmur Alexöndru” [Alexandra's Baptismal Hymn], Lesbók Morgunblaðsins 1995.
 * “Draugar í bænum á miðvikudagsmorgni” [Ghosts in Town on a Wednesday Morning],
 * "Gegnum jarðgöng tímans" [Through The Tunnel of Time], Reykjavík 1998.

Works for the stage

 * Richard Wagner: Niflungahringurinn [The Ring of the Nibelung]. (A verse translation of selections from Wagner's text with spoken interludes for two actors, performed at the National Theatre of Iceland and printed 1994).
 * Jónas í hvalnum [Jonah in the Whale] 1995. (An oratorio with music by Atli Heimir Sveinsson. The music is not yet completed).
 * Til hinna óbornu [An die Nachgeborenen, To Those Who Come After]. (A cabaret of songs by Kurt Weill, Hanns Eisler and Paul Dessau to Bertolt Brecht's poems with spoken interludes, performed October 1998.)
 * Kristnitaka á Íslandi [The Conversion of Iceland] 1999. (A grand opera in two acts, with music by Atli Heimir Sveinsson, commissioned for the 1000th anniversary of Christianity in Iceland in 2000. Performed at the Icelandic Opera in April 2001.)

Main translations into Icelandic

 * Søren Kierkegaard: Repetition (Helgafell, Reykjavík 1966). New edition: Hið íslenzka bókmenntafélag, Reykjavík 2000.
 * J.S. Mill: On Liberty (co-translator, 1970).
 * Plato: Phaedo (1972) (in Síðustu dagar Sókratesar).
 * René Descartes: Meditations, Hið íslenzka bókmenntafélag, Reykjavík 2001.
 * Albert Giraud: Pierrot Lunaire, to music by Schönberg (1980). Reprinted in Sprek af reka 1993.
 * Emanuel Schikaneder: The Magic Flute, to music by Mozart (co-translator, performed 1983–1984 and 1991–1992).
 * Martin Heidegger: Aus der Erfahrung des Denkens (1989).
 * P.I. Tchaikovsky and K. Shilovsky (after A. Pushkin): Eugene Onegin, to music by Tchaikovsky (performed and printed 1993–1994).
 * Søren Kierkegaard: "Ómar af strengleikum" [Selections from the Diapsalmata in Either-Or], Jón á Bægisá I, 1994.
 * Engelbert Humperdinck: Hans og Gréta [Hänsel und Gretel], performed 1996.
 * Franz Lehár: Káta ekkjan [Die lustige Witwe], performed 1997.
 * Verse by Lucretius, J.W. v. Goethe, Robert Burns, A.O. Vinje, Gabriele d'Annunzio, Stefan George, Rainer Maria Rilke, Bertolt Brecht, W.B. Yeats, T.S. Eliot, W.H. Auden and others, published in periodicals. Collected together with much previously unpublished material in Sprek af reka 1993.

title: Þorsteinn Gylfason


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Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten

Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten, 244 F. 535 (S.D.N.Y. 1917), was a decision by the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, that addressed advocacy of illegal activity under the First Amendment. The Second Circuit Court of Appeals overturned Hand’s ruling in Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten (1917).

Background
In cases such as Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. 616 (1919) and Gitlow v. New York, 268 U.S. 652 (1925) and others, the United States Supreme Court struggled to draw the line between politically unpopular speech and actual threats to national security. Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten greatly influenced the Supreme Court's eventual adoption in Brandenburg v. Ohio of the "incitement test" for advocacy of illegal activity.

At issue in Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten was the federal Espionage Act of 1917, which prohibited citizens from counseling or advising violation of the law. The Court found that the New York postmaster's refusal to allow circulation of the antiwar journal The Masses under the statute violated the First Amendment.

Opinion
Learned Hand wrote the opinion:

"To assimilate agitation, legitimate as such, with direct incitement to violent resistance, is to disregard the tolerance of all methods of political agitation which in normal times is a safeguard of free government."

Judge Hand affirmed that if a citizen "stops short of urging upon others that it is their duty or their interest to resist the law," then he or she is protected by the First Amendment. One may, for example, "admire" resistors of the draft, but may not, under the "incitement" test, "counsel or advise" someone to violate the law at a specific time and place.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten


text: User:Kdbuffalo

title: User:Kdbuffalo


text:
MATC

MATC may refer to:

 * Madison Area Technical College
 * Maximum Acceptable Toxicant Concentration
 * Milwaukee Area Technical College
 * Mountainland Technical College (formerly known as the Mountainland Applied Technology College)
 * Manhattan Area Technical College

title: MATC


text:
Roland Petit

Roland Petit (13 January 1924 – 10 July 2011) was a French ballet company director, choreographer and dancer. He trained at the Paris Opera Ballet school, and became well known for his creative ballets.

Life and work
The son of shoe designer Rose Repetto, Petit was born in Villemomble, near Paris. He trained at the Paris Opéra Ballet school under Gustave Ricaux and Serge Lifar and began to dance with the corps de ballet in 1940. He founded the Ballets des Champs-Élysées in 1945 and the Ballets de Paris in 1948, at Théâtre Marigny, with Zizi Jeanmaire as star dancer.

Petit collaborated with Constant Lambert (Ballabile - 1950), Henri Dutilleux (Le Loup - 1953), Serge Gainsbourg, Yves Saint-Laurent and César Baldaccini and participated in several French and American films. He returned to the Paris Opéra in 1965 to mount a production of Notre Dame de Paris (with music by Maurice Jarre). He continued to direct ballets for the largest theatres of France, Italy, Germany, Great Britain, Canada and Cuba.

In 1968, his ballet Turangalîla provoked a small revolution within the Paris Opéra. Four years later, in 1972, he founded the Ballet National de Marseille with the piece "Pink Floyd Ballet". He directed the Ballet National de Marseille for the next 26 years. For the décor of his ballets, he would work in close collaboration with the painter Jean Carzou (1907–2000), but also with other artists such as Max Ernst.

The creator of more than 50 ballets across all genres, he choreographed for a plethora of famed international dancers. He refused the free technical effects; he did not stop reinventing his style, language, and became a master in the arts of pas de deux and of narrative ballet, but he succeeded also in abstract ballets. He collaborated also with the nouveaux réalistes including Martial Raysse, Niki de Saint Phalle and Jean Tinguely.

Le jeune homme et la mort ("The Young Man and Death") of 1946 (libretto by Jean Cocteau) is considered his magnum opus and it is also his most well-known work; the choreography and the costumes are of astonishing modernity. In his 1949 ballet Carmen, he made an unusual use of the en dedans, while he gave a non-figurative treatment to Turangalîla.

Among the films to which he contributed are Symphonie en blanc by René Chanas and François Ardoin (1942 short film on history of dance) in which he appeared as a dancer; the choreography for the 1948 film Alice in Wonderland, The Glass Slipper in 1954, Anything Goes (with others) in 1956, and Black Tights as choreographer, writer, and dancer in 1960.

Honours
In 1994, he was awarded the Prix Benois de la Danse as choreographer.

Personal life
In 1954, Petit married dancer Zizi Jeanmaire, who performed in a number of his works. His memoirs were published in 1993 under the title J'ai dansé sur les flots ("I Danced on the Waves"). He and Jeanmaire had one daughter, Valentine Petit, a dancer and actress.

Petit died in Geneva, Switzerland, aged 87, of leukemia in 2011.

Ballets
During his career, Petit choreographed 176 works, including:

 * Guernica (1945)
 * Les forains (1945)
 * Le jeune homme et la mort (1946)
 * Carmen (1949)
 * Ballabile (1950)
 * Le loup (1953)
 * The Lady in the Ice (1953)
 * Notre-Dame de Paris (1965)
 * Paradise Lost (1967)
 * Kraanerg (1969)
 * Pink Floyd Ballet (1972 and later)
 * Roland Petit Ballet (1973)

 * Proust, ou Les intermittences du coeur (1974)
 *  L'Arlésienne (1974)
 * Coppélia (1975)
 * La symphonie fantastique (1975)
 * Cyrano de Bergerac (1978)
 * Le fantôme de l'Opéra (1980)
 * Les amours de Frantz (1981)
 * The Four Seasons (music of Antonio Vivaldi, 1984)
 * The Blue Angel (1985)
 * Clavigo (1999)
 * Duke Ellington (2001)
 * Les chemins de la création (2004)

title: Roland Petit


text:
Category talk:NBA players

categorizing
in keeping with the categorizing convention in wikipedia, players sub-categorized should NOT be categorized too - having this the case means that a list of all-time NBA players in alphabetical order needs to be compiled as a page - Mayumashu 17:00, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:NBA players


text:
User:Mixer

My name is Mikko Vedru and I like MMA, politics and IT among many other things. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Mixer

title: User:Mixer


text:
Carol Connors

Carol Connors may refer to:

 * Carol Connors (actress) (born 1952), American erotic actress
 * Carol Connors (singer) (born 1940), American singer-songwriter

title: Carol Connors


text:
Khalida Rashid Khan

Khalida Rashid Khan is a Pakistani judge who became the first female judge in the Superior Judiciary of Pakistan. She also served as the president of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.

Early life
She was born on 25 September 1949 in Peshawar, Pakistan. Judge Khan obtained an LL.B. degree from Khyber Law College, Peshawar in 1969 and a Masters in Political Science degree from Peshawar University in 1971.

Career
She was inducted into the provincial Judiciary in 1974 of North West Frontier Province as a Civil Judge. She then became a Senior Civil Judge, District and Sessions Judge and elevated as a judge of High Court Peshawar (Pakistan) in June 1994. She had also held many administrative positions, such as Registrar Peshawar High Court and Secretarial positions in the Justice and Law Department, NWFP.

She is a member of the International Association of Women Judges, U.S. and attended many international conferences. She contributed a paper to the Asia/South Pacific Regional Judicial Colloquium in Hong Kong on 20 May 1996, under the heading "Women and Human Rights in the Asia/Pacific Region, A perspective from South Asia". She presented a paper on "Judicial Creativity in Action" in Dublin, Ireland at the 6th Biennial Conference of International Association of Women Judges in May 2002. She has extensively worked to eradicate child labour in Pakistan and South Asia.

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
Judge Rashid Khan is an international judge and was appointed as president of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) in 2011.

title: Khalida Rashid Khan


text:
User talk:Cyrius Hunter

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Dunc|☺ 17:01, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
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 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 17:03, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cyrius Hunter


text:
User:WhiskeyTangoFoxtrot

Space for rent. Apply within.

title: User:WhiskeyTangoFoxtrot


text:
Vahagn

Vahagn or Vahakn (Վահագն), also known as Vahagn Vishapakagh (Վահագն Վիշապաքաղ), is a warrior god in Armenian mythology. Scholars consider him to be either the thunder, or sun and fire god of the pre-Christian Armenian pantheon, as well as the god of war, bravery and victory. He formed a triad with Aramazd and Anahit. Vahagn is etymologically derived from *Varhraγn, the Parthian name for the Indo-Iranian god Verethragna, although there are key differences between the two deities.

Vahagn was worshipped at a tripartite temple complex together with his bride Astghik and the goddess Anahit in the district of Taron, on the slopes of a mountain called Karke near the settlement of Ashtishat. After Armenia came under Hellenistic influence in antiquity, Vahagn was identified with the Hellenic deity Heracles, but also rarely with Apollo.

Name
The theonym Vahagn is cognates with Verethragna, the name of the Indo-Iranian god of victory mentioned in Avesta, as well as the Vedic Vŗtrahan, the usual epithet of the thunder god Indra. It was borrowed into Armenian from Parthian *Varhraγn and developed from the earlier form *Varhagn. In the old Armenian calendar, the twenty-seventh day of the month was called Vahagn. Additionally, the planet Mars was called Atraher ("fire-hair") by the ancient Armenians in reference to Vahagn. Today, Vahagn is used as a male given name among Armenians.

Historical attestations
Vahagn is mentioned in a number of Classical Armenian written sources. For example, in the history attributed to Agathangelos, Armenian king Tiridates III evokes the triad of Aramazd, Anahit and Vahagn in a greeting to his people: "May health and prosperity come to you by the help of the gods, rich fullness from manly Aramazd, providence from Anahit the Lady, and bravery come to you from brave Vahagn."

Historian Movses Khorenatsi refers to Vahagn as one of the sons of Tigranes (a mythologized composite figure of several Armenian kings in Khorenatsi's history) and records the following song about him:

Khorenatsi does not give the rest of the song, but states that it tells of how Vahagn fought and conquered vishaps, which are the dragons of Armenian mythology. This attribute of Vahagn is the reason for his title vishapakagh, meaning "reaper of vishaps" or "dragon-reaper."

The 7th-century Armenian author Anania Shirakatsi relates a myth where Vahagn steals some straw from Barsham (i.e., Baalshamin) and drops it on his way back, creating the Milky Way. This is supposed to be the origin of one of the folk names of the Milky Way in Armenian, Hardagoghi chanaparh, literally "the way of the straw-thief."

Temple
The chief temple of Vahagn at Ashtishat on the slopes of Mount Karke was often called the Vahevanean or Vahevahean temple because its priests were members of the Vahevuni or Vahnuni noble house, who claimed descent from Vahagn. Vahagn was worshipped jointly at the temple together with Anahit and Astghik. According to Agathangelos, after King Tiridates III's conversion to Christianity in the early fourth century, the first head of the Armenian Church Gregory the Illuminator went to Ashtishat and destroyed the temple of Vahagn. A church was constructed on the site of the destroyed temple, which became the first Mother See of the Armenian Church.

Interpretations and comparative mythology
Georges Dumézil said that Vahagn seems closer to the Vedic Vŗtrahan Indra than the Avestan Verethragna, since the former is depicted as a dragon/serpent-slayer like Vahagn, while the latter is not. Vahagn has frequently been regarded as a counterpart of Indra, but Armen Petrosyan considers the similarities between the two to be underlying Indo-European commonalities rather than the result of direct borrowing, since in that case the dissimilarity with Verethragna would be inexplicable. Philologist Vyacheslav Ivanov considered the Song of Vahagn recorded by Khorenatsi to be "one of the striking examples of Indo-European poetry." Ivanov says the myth of Vahagn contains several layers, including the later Iranian myth of Verethragna and an earlier Indo-European layer of a god persecuting the enemy. Armen Petrosyan says Vahagn is a pre-Iranian Armenian god who took on an Iranian name, rather than a complete borrowing. Petrosyan has also drawn parallels between Vahagn and the Vedic fire deity Agni, based on similarities in the accounts of their birth. Vahagn may have acquired his attribute of dragon-slayer from the Hurro-Urartian deity Teshub.

Vahagn was identified with Heracles during the Hellenistic period. In the 5th-century Armenian translation of the Bible, Vahagn is used to translate Heracles in 2 Maccabees 4:19, while Khorenatsi states that the song of Vahagn tells of heroic deeds reminiscent of Heracles. More rarely, he was identified with the sun god Apollo. John the Baptist has been called the "Christian heir of Vahagn's character," as a church dedicated to him was built near the demolished temple of Vahagn.

title: Vahagn


text:
Chartham

Chartham is a village and civil parish in the Canterbury district of Kent, England. It is situated on the Ashford side of the city, and is in the North Downs area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, 2.3 mi south west of Canterbury, England. The Great Stour Way path passes through the village. A paper mill in the village that had specialised in the production of tracing paper since 1938 has in 2022 closed down. There are numerous arable farms and orchards in the parish. The village has an unstaffed station, Chartham, and has recently upgraded its staffed level crossing to an automatic barrier. It has an outlying locality sharing in many of the community resources, Chartham Hatch. Its current

Nearby communities are Harbledown and Rough Common, Blean, and to the north Thanington.

Toponymy
The earliest recorded form of the name is Certham. The name Chartham literally means 'Village on rough ground', and the word "Chart" is also found in other villages in Kent with this meaning. The Stone Street part of the name comes from Stone Street, a road and small hamlet that runs parallel to the A28 on the other side of the villages.

Modern day
The river provided power for the paper mills until some point before 1955. Paper making has been a major occupation for the last 625 years; the mill dates from the late eighteenth century.

The dovecote at Burnt House Farm is not only notable for its building's architectural merit but is also a Scheduled Ancient Monument for its importance in sending homing birds to and from important envoys such as the Archbishop of Canterbury.

Geography and economy
Chartham is located on the Great Stour river scattered along the Ashford Road in Canterbury and on the vale of the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Its paper mill specialises in the production of tracing paper. There are numerous arable farms and orchards in the parish.

The village is served by Chartham railway station which is one stop westbound from Canterbury West station on the high speed line to London, although high speed services do not stop here. Chartham is also on the western end of the 3-mile Great Stour Way cycle path to Canterbury City Centre.

Being in such close proximity to the city, the village's economy is closely tied to Canterbury. Aside from this, there are several village stores, two pubs, a small venue (Chartham Village Hall in Station Road) and a vineyard.

Governance
At the national level Chartham is in the parliamentary constituency of Canterbury for which Rosie Duffield (Labour) has been MP since 2017. Prior to Brexit in 2020 for European elections Chartham was in the South East England constituency.

Chartham is also part of the electoral ward called Chartham and Stone Street. The population of this ward at the 2011 Census was 5,878.

Demography
In the census of 1801 the number of people present in the parish of Chartham, enclosing an area of about 3 sqmi and including the settlement of Chartham Hatch, was given as 776, and this figure remained roughly stable until the late 19th century when a dramatic increase was recorded: in the census of 1881, the number was given as 2,473.

Railway Station
Chartham railway station lies one stop west of Canterbury West and has regular trains to London Charing Cross railway station. The HS1 trains to St Pancras also pass through the station but do not stop here.

Church
The Church of St Mary is located next to the village green and contains six bells, five of which were made by Joseph Hatch in 1605, which makes the bells the oldest complete set by the same bellfounder in Kent. It was built in approximately 1294 and features a number of brasses, including that of Sir Robert de Setvans (d 1306). The stonework of its chancel windows exhibit a form of tracery, known as Kentish or split cusp tracery, which originates here. The tower is 14th century and the renovation was in 1875 by Oxford University architect George Edmund Street.

Shalmsford Street
The village is contiguous with the smaller Shalmsford Street to the west, and was until recently the location of St Augustine's Mental Hospital, formerly known as the East Kent Lunatic Asylum. The site on which St Augustine's stood has now become a housing estate.

The village's post office was at 105 Shalmsford Street, but is now located at 14B Godfrey Gardens in the Chartham Downs housing area. In Shalmsford Street is also Chartham Primary School, in which Chartham Parish meetings are held.

Chartham Hatch
Chartham Hatch is the northern upper part of the village, also known as a hamlet, of approximately 200 houses. It is surrounded by small woods and its orchards of apples and pears. Village Hall, formerly the school, is in the centre. The famous North Downs Way passes through the village.

Horton
Horton or Horton Manor is a tiny hamlet northeast by the Great Stour Way with its weir, Grade II listed manor house, and scheduled ancient monument manor chapel remains, later which became an oast house and agricultural storage area. In 844 King Æthelwulf of Wessex granted land at Horton to Ealdorman Eadred. A translation of the text of Charter S 319 reads: "Bounds of Horton. On the east: the wood which is called down-grove. On the west: the [arch]bishop and Lulla jointly. On the southern side: the land of Lulla at Chartham. On the north: the land of Beornwulf, which he possesses in eternity."

Mystole and Thruxted
These hamlets are south west along the Great Stour and to the south east. Mystole is rich in heritage due to its focal point, Mystole House, a 16th-century historic building, with architectural Grade II* status and former appurtenances/outbuildings: Grade II* listed Mystole Coach House; its Park; listed orangery; tennis court; Archway Lodge; The Tetherings and Stable House. Thruxted itself has a large working farmhouse.

Chartham Downs
Built on the ground of the former mental asylum hospital, and sharing the name of the hospital, Chartham Downs is a large housing area to the north-east of the village. It encompasses a local shop (incorporating the village post office), football/cricket grounds and three children's play parks. It lies on the North Downs Way, and is closer to Street End, Nackington and Thanington than to the opposite end of Chartham. This fact means that the estate whilst being part of Chartham in a political aspect, is in many ways cut off from the village. In 1997 development of the site for housing was begun. A few of the hospital buildings, including the administration block, the water tower, and the chapel, were retained but the rest were demolished. Although Canterbury City Council suggested that "a change of name would help in creating a new sense of identity", the site is known as St Augustine's Estate, however signs refer to the area as ‘Chartham Downs’.

title: Chartham


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cockblock

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. Redwolf24 02:43, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Cockblock
Unencyclopedic neologism. not even for wiktionary -- < drini | ∂drini > 17:03, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, it's already in wiktionary.
 * Delete. Has been deleted twice already.  - Thatdog 18:00, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * if it has been twice deleted, then it falls under a speedy delete according to criteria in WP:CSD, perhaps protecting from recreate would help too. -- < drini | ∂drini > 19:41, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Upon further review, the previous deletions were speedy and this has not been through VfD before. Therefore it does not qualify for speedy.  My bad.  - Thatdog 19:51, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per nominator. - Thatdog 19:51, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep notable activity. Kappa 23:45, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 'Delete. Activity (or lack of it) may be notable, especially at the time, but the neologism is a dic k def which is already in Wiktionary. WP:ISNOT Wiktionary. Tonywalton | Talk 00:42, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Cloudrf

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Thunderbrand 17:03, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

Image
Thunderbrand 14:34, August 28, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cloudrf


text:
French ship Le Téméraire

Numerous French vessels have borne the name Téméraire ("bold" or "reckless"). Note that several British ships have had the same name (although without the accents over the letter "e"), see HMS Temeraire.

Naval vessels
Twelve ships of the French Navy
 * FRENCH SHIP Téméraire, a 54-gun ship of the line (1669–1694).
 * FRENCH SHIP Téméraire, a 50-gun ship of the line (1695–1718).
 * FRENCH SHIP Téméraire, a West Indiaman (1726–1737).
 * FRENCH SHIP Téméraire, a 74-gun ship of the line (1748–1794). She was captured by the English HMS Warspite (1758) at the Battle of Lagos on the 19 August 1759, and became HMS Temeraire (1759).
 * FRENCH CUTTER Téméraire, a cutter (1780–1784).
 * FRENCH SHIP Téméraire, a ship of the line (1782–1801), lead ship of the Téméraire-class ship of the line. She took part in the bataille du 13 prairial an 2.
 * FRENCH CUTTER Téméraire, a cutter launched as Révolutionnaire and renamed in 1795. Captured by HMS Dido (1784) on 13 April 1795. Recaptured the next month.
 * Téméraire, a xebec. HMS Dido (1784) captured her on 9 July 1795 and the British Royal Navy took her into service as HMS Transfer. She was sold in 1803.
 * FRENCH TORPEDO BOAT Téméraire, a torpedo boat (1889–1911).
 * FRENCH DESTROYER Téméraire, a torpedo boat (1911–1936), built for Argentina as San Juan, requisitioned for the war and renamed to Téméraire in 1914.
 * FRENCH TORPEDO BOAT Téméraire, a torpedo boat (1944), sunk in a bombing in Toulon in August 1944.
 * FRENCH SUBMARINE Le Téméraire, the second submarine of the Triomphant-class submarine, presently in active service.

Privateers

 * Téméraire was a privateer of 10 guns and 50 men under the command of lieutenant de frégate Le Fer that HMS Cormorant (1781) captured on 30 July 1782 off Cape Clear. She was nine days out of Brest, France, with dispatches for the combined fleet that she threw overboard, together with eight guns, before her capture.
 * FRENCH SHIP Téméraire, a privateer aviso (1803–1811).
 * FRENCH SHIP Téméraire, a privateer of two guns and 30 men that HMS Hind (1785) captured on 29 September 1809 off Melazzo. She was four days out of Naples and had not made any captures.
 * FRENCH SHIP Téméraire, a privateer schooner of 10 guns, six large swivel guns, and a crew of 35 men. She was a new vessel, three days out of Brest, and had taken no prizes when HMS Fawn (1807) captured her on 11 October 1810.
 * FRENCH SHIP Téméraire, a privateer in 1812.

title: French ship Le Téméraire


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/R.R.J.TOLKHEIM

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy - vandalism/hox. Dunc|☺ 17:40, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

R.R.J.TOLKHEIM
Prank, and not a very funny one Outlander 17:04, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Unfunny drivel. --Lomedae 17:36, August 18, 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Bleary

Bleary (likely ) is a small village and townland in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is near the County Armagh border and the settlements of Craigavon, Lurgan and Portadown. In the 2011 Census its population was counted as part of Craigavon. It lies within the Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon area.

The Troubles

 * 18 June 1972 - Three British soldiers (Arthur McMillan (aged 37), Ian Mutch (aged 31) and Colin Leslie (aged 26)) were killed in an IRA booby-trap bomb attack. The bomb had been left in a derelict house in Bleary.
 * 27 April 1975 - Loyalists shot dead three people in Bleary Darts Club. See Bleary Darts Club shooting
 * 28 October 1993 - The UVF shot dead two Catholic brothers (Gerrard Cairns, 22, and Rory Cairns, 18) at their home in front of their eleven-year-old sister in Bleary, County Down.

Education

 * Bleary Primary School

2011 Census
On Census day (27 March 2011) there were 1,009 people living in Bleary.

 * 51.5% belong to or were brought up in a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' religion and 40.6% belong to or were brought up in the Catholic religion.
 * 53.6% indicated that they had a British national identity, 20.4% had an Irish national identity, and 32.4% had a Northern Irish national identity.

There were 4,081 people living in the Bleary ward.

 * 73.1% belong to or were brought up in a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' religion and 19.9% belong to or were brought up in the Catholic religion.
 * 70.65% indicated that they had a British national identity, 11.43% had an Irish national identity, and 27.17% had a Northern Irish national identity.

title: Bleary


text:
User talk:Dmuth

Non-free use disputed for Image:Anthrocon.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Anthrocon.gif. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read carefully the instructions at Non-free content and then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our Criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 20:03, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

 * This has been done. Please let me know if there are any additional issues.  Thanks.  --Douglas Muth 20:28, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Furry

Fair use rationale for Image:Sac logo.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Sac logo.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. NOTE: once you correct this, please remove the tag from the image's page. STBotI 21:34, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Anthrocon.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:Anthrocon.gif. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 14:51, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (File:M5qlogo.png)
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Suburban Square, Ardmore
Hi, DMuth. You offered some time back to take photos for the Ardmore, Pennsylvania page, and I'd like to suggest the tall office building in Suburban Square that (at one time) was called the Times Medical tower. It is a terrific Art Deco building and would really enhance the article. Thank you! — HarringtonSmith (talk) 00:03, 30 October 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:08, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:33, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dmuth


text: User talk:217.44.157.189

title: User talk:217.44.157.189


text: User talk:12.4.222.41

title: User talk:12.4.222.41


text: Category:Classical music groups

title: Category:Classical music groups


text: Category:Wind bands

title: Category:Wind bands


text:
User talk:Neonazi

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. DJ Clayworth 17:09, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

This account has been blocked indefinitely from editing Wikipedia because your username, Neonazi, does not meet our username policy. '''Your username is the only reason for this block. You are welcome to choose a new username (see below).''' A username should not be promotional, related to a "real-world" group or organization, misleading, offensive, or disruptive. Also, usernames may not end in the word "bot" unless the account is an approved bot account. You are encouraged to choose a new account name that meets our policy guidelines. Alternatively, if you have already made edits and you wish to keep your existing contributions under a new name, then you may request a change in username by:
 * Adding on your user talk page. You should be able to do this even though you are blocked, as you can usually still edit your own talk page. If not, you may wish to contact the blocking administrator by clicking on "E-mail this user" on their talk page.
 * At an administrator's discretion, you may be unblocked for 24 hours to file a request.
 * Please note that you may only request a name that is not already in use, so please check here for a listing of already taken names. The account is created upon acceptance, thus do not try to create the new account before making the request for a name change. For more information, please see Changing username.

If you feel that you were blocked in error, you may appeal this block by adding below this notice the text, but you should read our guide to appealing blocks first. Jtdirl 17:15, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Neonazi


text:
Talk:Villejuif

Old talk
What is the basis for characterizing the presence of Jews as satanic? Without further citation this seems to be irresponsible at best, and bigoted at worst. If you can cite, please do so, otherwise, please edit according to the correct guidelines. 68.208.57.3 (talk) 12:52, 15 July 2008 (UTC) Concerned reader in USA.

title: Talk:Villejuif


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of self-referential songs

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. -Splash 01:25, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

List of self-referential songs
Delete: unmaintainable list; not valuable information. JDoorjam 17:10, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I guess it has been maintained very well the past 2 years(!). And value is in the eye of the beholder. I say it's encyclopedic. As do the countless past editors. --Lomedae 17:27, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep no reason to delete actively maintained pages. Trollderella 18:20, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep good list.  Grue   20:28, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Lulu of the Lotus-Eaters 21:51, 2005 August 18 (UTC)
 * Keep, but change the rules a little bit to clean it up. --Charron 22:34, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep CanadianCaesar 11:52, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Obscure, yes, but comprehensive and maintianed. -PlainSight 02:31, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Saleh Abdullah Kamel

Saleh Abdullah Kamel (1941 – 18 May 2020) (صالح عبد الله كامل Ṣaleḥ 'Abdullāh Kamel) was a Saudi billionaire businessman. He had a net worth estimated at US$10.6 billion, as of March 2017. He was the chairman and founder of the Dallah al Baraka Group (DBHC), one of the Middle East's largest conglomerates. He was also the chairman of the General Council for Islamic Banks and the Jeddah Chamber of Commerce.

He was arrested by the Saudi authorities on 4 November 2017, among other businessmen such as Al-Waleed bin Talal.

Early life
Kamel was born in Mecca in 1941. He was educated in Mecca, Taif, and Jeddah. He earned a bachelor’s degree in commerce from the University of Riyadh in 1963.

Wealth
As of March 2017, Forbes estimated his net worth at US$2.3 billion. In 2018, he was removed from its list of billionaires, as it was no longer clear what assets he owned. Saleh Kamel was the founder and chairman of Dallah Albaraka, a multi-national holding company with investments including the financial, banking, healthcare, real estate, manufacturing, transportation, and operations and maintenance sectors.

Career
He was chairman of the Jeddah Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and the Islamic Chamber of Commerce. Kamel was called "the father of contemporary Islamic finance", receiving Malaysia's Royal Award for Islamic Finance in November 2010. He attempted to significantly expand trade among member states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries and to promote Jeddah as a leading international port and hub for global commerce. In his capacity as chairman of DBHC and the JCC, he led numerous projects to promote the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as a regional economic force. Kamel stated that his vision was to combine the efforts of his DBHC and the Chamber of commerce with ongoing mega-infrastructure projects such as King Abdullah Port, the Economic City, the new railways, and the King Abdullah International Airport to catalyze domestic business across the Kingdom. He was also behind the creation of the Saudi national bus company - Saudi Public Transport Company, a/k/a "SAPTCO". Saptco was created by signing contracts with American transportation companies to manage it, with the money being provided by the Saudi government, and Saleh Kamel acting as the middleman and collecting a percentage of the contracts as a fee. The initial bus fare within cities was one Saudi riyal, by royal degree, but this has been overturned and the fare increased.

Kamel promoted philanthropy. In an interview with Arab News in 2012, Kamel estimated the total value of Islamic zakat in the Kingdom at SR 1 trillion. "Such a huge amount could be used to solve many economic and social problems in the country." He said that people should pay zakat for real estate properties that have been offered for sale. "We Muslims should understand the economic wisdom behind the system if we collect and use zakat properly for it can bring about substantial improvement in our economic conditions. If we had collected zakat from real estate property we would not have faced housing or land problems." He recalled discussing this matter with German Chancellor Angela Merkel. "I can tell you," he said that Islamic economics offers solutions for world problems." Referring to global economic crises he said they would not have occurred if we had implemented an Islamic Hadith by Muhammad which says, "Do not sell what you do not own or possess." In 2010, his son, CEO of DHBC, donated $10 million to Yale University to establish the Abdallah S. Kamel Center for the Study of Islamic Law and Civilization at Yale Law School

In addition to being chairman and member of many boards within his companies and sister companies, Kamel was a member of the boards of trustees and directors in many social, charitable and cultural societies and foundations such as the Arab Thought Foundation, King Abdul Aziz and His Companions Foundation for Gifted, the international academy for info & Media Sciences, Arab Academy for Financial & Banking  and the Islamic Solidarity fund. Sheikh Saleh Kamel was also the president of the Islamic Chamber of Commerce & Industry, the General Council for Islamic Banks and Financial Institutions, Jeddah Chamber of Commerce & Industry, Council of Saudi Chambers and Federation of GCC Chambers.

Arrest
On 4 November 2017, Kamel was arrested in Saudi Arabia in a "corruption crackdown" conducted by a new royal anti-corruption committee. It was the first purge organized by Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman.

Awards and recognition
Kamel has been honored by many medals, titles and prizes including:

 * Jordanian Independence Decoration First Order, 1986
 * Gulf Business Man Award, Dubai 1993
 * International Golden Knight Belt of World Public House, 1995
 * Islamic banker Award, IOB 1995
 * Banker of the Year, Union of Arab Banks, 1996
 * King Abdul Aziz Decoration, First Order, Sept. 2001
 * Two Nile decoration, First Class Sudan, Feb. 2001
 * Al-Ala Decoration, Leader Class Morocco, Feb. 2001
 * Honorary Doctorate Degree (Media), U.S. Jan. 2003
 * Honorary Title of "Datuk Seri", Malaysia, Sept, 2003

Resorts
Kamel was the owner of Durrat Al-Arus, a resort in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Coded TV channels
He owned the ART TV network, the only sports channels that broadcast the 2002 and 2006 FIFA world cups in the Middle East. In 2009 these sports channels were bought by the Al Jazeera Group.

Civil services
Kamel moderated many plans of the City Hall, such as garbage collecting and plans for traffic police, such as driving licenses tests, water desalination plant work and roads building. His companies were also contracted to maintain the region's pilgrimage sites and Holy Mosques of Mecca and Medina.

Allegations
Dallah al Baraka Group, property of al Baraka Banking and Investment Group chaired by Kamel, was named in a lawsuit put forward by families of victims of the 9/11 attacks. The plaintiffs alleged that subsidiaries of the group were involved in illicit finance that aided extremists. Ultimately, all claims were subsequently dismissed in entirety by the U.S. District Court of Southern New York in 2005. Despite controversy surrounding his philanthropic work, the District Court ruled that Kamel had never knowingly abetted any extremist entities. Kamel has consistently stated that his company and philanthropic work remain committed to fostering dialogue and inter-religious understanding.

Personal life
Kamel was married to Egyptian actress Safaa Abu Al Saud, and they had one daughter. He had a son Abdullah with another wife, and he was the chairman the board of the Arab Radio and Television Network. He lived in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Kamel died on 18 May 2020, aged 79.

title: Saleh Abdullah Kamel


text:
User:Flying Oaf

Greetings.

title: User:Flying Oaf


text:
Talk:Jan Smuts

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Christian or Christiaan
There seem to be some questions over the spelling of his name, which I suggest are properly raised here rather than through the application of tags to the article. As he was of Afrikaner birth he was almost certainly born Christiaan. He is likely to have chosen to anglicise this at some point, possibly when he took up residence in the UK. I have added references for both spellings as both spellings are used. Dormskirk (talk) 09:41, 18 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Apparently not ever spelled Christiaan - see Archive 1, "Middle name" (the next to final post in archive). If that assertion can be verified, all of the various articles on Jan Smuts should be checked and have the incorrect spelling removed, despite having references. Milkunderwood (talk) 07:56, 14 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I have taken a look at the archive but the claim is not sourced and as such cannot be accepted at face value especially when there are good sources claiming the contrary. Best wishes. Dormskirk (talk) 10:42, 14 November 2021 (UTC)

Flags in infoboxes
Until today there were no flags in the infobox of this article. An IP inserted a few flags and I removed them with the edit summary "remove flags per WP:INFOBOXFLAG". I was therefore a bit surprised to see my removal of the flags reverted by another editor who used the edit summary "Does not apply to military subjects". My understanding is that the policy is laid out in WP:INFOBOXFLAG, WP:ICON and WP:III and it seems to me quite clear that flag icons should not be used in infoboxes. There is an exception "in some military history contexts" but the example given is "an in-depth exploration of a famous battle involving numerous forces with known flags" (this example would not apply here). There is further guidance in WP:MILMOS which says "the use of flag icons is not recommended; neither, however, is it prohibited." This does not really help as it is ambivalent. I know that there has been much discussion in the past on this. I have written hundreds of military biographies e.g. Nick Carter (British Army officer) and Mark Carleton-Smith to name just two; my practice in recent years has always been either not to include flags in infoboxes or to remove them. Do I now need to change my practice? Best wishes. Dormskirk (talk) 12:57, 4 August 2021 (UTC)
 * The exception is usually taken to apply to battles or other similar cases (such as campaigns or the whole of a conflict). This does not appear to be the case here. RandomCanadian (talk / contribs) 14:25, 8 August 2021 (UTC)
 * I agree with Dormskirk and RandomCanadian, flags should not be used in infoboxes for military biographies, they should only be used in infoboxes for wars and battles where necessary to distinguish between multiple forces. Mztourist (talk) 14:35, 8 August 2021 (UTC)
 * I think that flags are pointless clutter. My heart sank when I saw that lots of articles I watch had been stuffed. Keith-264 (talk) 16:01, 8 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Would serve no useful purpose here. Cinderella157 (talk) 23:31, 11 August 2021 (UTC)

Pronunciation
It would be useful for someone familiar with Afrikaans to provide that more proper pronunciation of his name, which I assume is probably something like "yahn smoots". Milkunderwood (talk) 07:13, 14 November 2021 (UTC)
 * The vowels are shorter. "Jan" rhymes with "fun" - the vowel is the same. "Smuts" rhymes with "buts" as in "no buts or maybes". Roger (Dodger67) (talk) 07:58, 14 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the correction. Can you post the pronunciation at the article, so at least readers know not to say English "jan"? Milkunderwood (talk) 08:13, 14 November 2021 (UTC)

Albert Einstein said of Smuts that he was one of only eleven men in the world who conceptually understood his theories of relativity
From the book Jan Smuts: Memoirs of the Boer War :

"In 1936, Albert Einstein said of Smuts that he was one of only eleven men in the world who conceptually understood his th eories of relativity; in 1970, Lord Todd, the Master of Christ’s College, Cambridge, where Smuts had studied, said that in the 500 years of the College’s hi story, of all its members, past and present, three had been truly outstanding: John Milton, Charles Darwin and Jan Smuts."

(Nattrass & Spies (1994); page 19)

Maqdisi (talk) 04:48, 18 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jan Smuts


text:
Reliable User Datagram Protocol

In computer networking, the Reliable User Datagram Protocol (RUDP) is a transport layer protocol designed at Bell Labs for the Plan 9 operating system. It aims to provide a solution where UDP is too primitive because guaranteed-order packet delivery is desirable, but TCP adds too much complexity/overhead. In order for RUDP to gain higher quality of service, RUDP implements features that are similar to TCP with less overhead.

Implementations
In order to ensure quality, it extends UDP by means of adding the following features:

 * 1) Acknowledgment of received packets
 * 2) Windowing and flow control
 * 3) Retransmission of lost packets
 * 4) Over buffering (Faster than real-time streaming)

RUDP is not currently a formal standard, however it was described in an IETF Internet Draft in 1999. It has not been proposed for standardization.

Cisco RUDP
Cisco in its Signalling Link Terminals (either standalone or integrated in another gateway) uses RUDP for backhauling of SS7 MTP3 or ISDN signaling.

 * 1) RUDP v0 (no checksums) is used for SS7 MTP3 backhaul.
 * 2) RUDP v1 (with checksum) is used for ISDN PRI backhaul.

The versions are mutually incompatible and differ slightly from the IETF draft. The structure of the Cisco Session Manager used on top of RUDP is also different.

Microsoft R-UDP
Microsoft introduced another protocol which it named R-UDP and used it in its MediaRoom product (now owned by Ericsson) for IPTV service delivery over multicast networks. This is a proprietary protocol and very little is known about its operation. It is not thought to be based on the above referenced IETF draft.

title: Reliable User Datagram Protocol


text: File:LiverpoolOratorioCover.jpg

title: File:LiverpoolOratorioCover.jpg


text:
Roger Boisjoly

Roger Mark Boisjoly ( ,; April 25, 1938 – January 6, 2012) was an American mechanical engineer, fluid dynamicist, and an aerodynamicist. He is best known for having raised strenuous objections to the launch of the Space Shuttle Challenger months before the loss of the spacecraft and its crew in January 1986. Boisjoly correctly predicted, based on earlier flight data, that the O-rings on the rocket boosters would fail if the shuttle launched in cold weather. Morton Thiokol's managers decided to launch the shuttle despite his warnings, leading to the catastrophic failure. He was considered a high-profile whistleblower.

Early life and education
Boisjoly was born on April 25, 1938, in the city of Lowell, Massachusetts. He grew up in the neighborhood of Belvidere as the son of a mill worker and one of three brothers. During high-school he played tennis.

Boisjoly studied mechanical engineering at the University of Massachusetts Lowell.

Career
Boisjoly started his career at a used-aircraft company in western Massachusetts, before moving to California for work. He subsequently worked for companies in California on lunar module life-support systems and the moon vehicle. He later worked for Morton Thiokol, the manufacturer of the solid rocket boosters (SRBs) for the Space Shuttle program.

O-ring safety concerns

Boisjoly wrote a memo in July 1985 to his superiors concerning the faulty design of the solid rocket boosters that, if left unaddressed, could lead to a catastrophic event during launch of a Space Shuttle. Such a catastrophic event occurred six months later resulting in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.

This memo followed his investigation of a solid rocket booster (SRB) from a shuttle flight in January 1985. During his investigation, he discovered that the first of a system of two O-rings had failed completely and that damage had been caused to the second O-ring.

The O-rings were two rubber rings that formed a seal between two sections of the SRBs. The sections of the boosters were joined using tang and clevis joints and the rings were intended to seal the joint while allowing for the inevitable movement between the sections under flight conditions. By design, pressure from within the booster was to push a fillet of putty into the joint, forcing the O-ring into its seat. The system never functioned as designed. The rings were supposed to sit in a groove and seal the joint between the sections of the booster. It was found, however, that flight dynamics caused the joints in the SRBs to flex during launch, opening a gap through which rocket exhaust could escape. As the joints flexed, the rings would come out of their grooves and move to a new position in the joint, a process called extrusion. The extruded ring would form a seal in this new position, but during the time it took for the ring to shift, the joint was unsealed and hot gases could escape, a process called blow-by. These hot gases damaged the rings until the seal was achieved.

Boisjoly's investigation showed that the amount of damage to the O-ring depended on the length of time it took for the ring to move out of its groove and make the seal, and that the amount of time depended on the temperature of the rings. Cold weather made the rubber hard and less flexible, meaning that extrusion took more time and more blow-by took place. He determined that if the O-rings were damaged enough they could fail.

If the second O-ring had failed, the results would almost certainly have been catastrophic with an almost instantaneous explosion of gargantuan proportions, resulting in the complete loss of the shuttle, the crew and the launch pad facilities seemingly the only outcome. His investigation found that the first O-ring failed because the low temperatures on the night before the flight had compromised the flexibility of the O-ring, reducing its ability to form a seal. The temperature at launch had been only 10 °C (50 °F), the coldest on record (until January 28, 1986). The first rubber O-ring had formed a partial seal, not a complete one; but the second O-ring had held.

Boisjoly sent a memo describing the problem to his managers, but was apparently ignored. Following several further memos, a task force was convened to investigate the matter, but after a month Boisjoly realized that the task force had no power, no resources, and no management support. In late 1985, Boisjoly advised his managers that if the problem was not fixed, there was a distinct chance that a shuttle mission would end in disaster. No action was taken.

Challenger disaster
Following the announcement that the Challenger mission was confirmed for January 28, 1986, Boisjoly and his colleagues tried to stop the flight. Temperatures were due to fall to -1 °C overnight. Boisjoly felt that this would severely compromise the safety of the O-ring and potentially the flight.

The matter was discussed with Morton Thiokol managers, who agreed that the issue was serious enough to recommend delaying the flight. NASA protocols required all shuttle sub-contractors to sign off on each flight. During the go/no-go telephone conference with NASA management the night before the launch, Morton Thiokol notified NASA of their recommendation to postpone. NASA officials strongly questioned the recommendations, and asked (some say pressured) Morton Thiokol to reverse its decision.

The Morton Thiokol managers asked for a few minutes off the phone to discuss their final position again. The management team held a meeting from which the engineering team, including Boisjoly and others, were deliberately excluded. The Morton Thiokol managers advised NASA that their data was inconclusive. NASA asked if there were objections. Hearing none, NASA decided to launch the STS-51-L Challenger mission.

Historians have noted that this was the first time NASA had ever launched a mission after having received an explicit no-go recommendation from a major contractor, and that questioning the recommendation and asking for a reconsideration was highly unusual. Many have also noted that the sharp questioning of the no-go recommendation stands out in contrast to the immediate and unquestioning acceptance when the recommendation was changed to a go.

The concerns of Boisjoly proved correct. Initially, Boisjoly was relieved when the flight lifted off, as he had predicted that the SRB would explode before lift-off.

Upon ignition, the O-ring was burned to ash, which formed a weak seal in the joint. At 58 seconds after launch, the shuttle was buffeted by high-altitude winds, the ash seal collapsed, and hot gases streamed out of the joint in a visible blowtorch-like plume that burned into the external hydrogen tank. At about 73 seconds, the adjacent SRB strut gave way, the right rocket booster crashed into the external fuel tank and the vehicle quickly disintegrated.

Later career
After President Ronald Reagan ordered a presidential commission to review the disaster, Boisjoly was one of the witnesses called. He gave accounts of how and why he felt the O-rings had failed, and argued that the caucus called by Morton Thiokol managers, which resulted in a recommendation to launch, was an "unethical decision-making forum resulting from intense customer intimidation." Isolated from his colleagues who were redesigning the O-ring, his self-esteem suffered and he lost his confidence as an engineer. Boisjoly, who understood the potential consequences of an unsafe launch, had acted on his conscience in trying to prevent it. But Thiokol executives didn’t respect him as a valued professional. Six months after the disaster, Boisjoly requested an extended sick leave. He never worked as an engineer again.

After leaving Morton Thiokol, Boisjoly founded a forensic engineering firm and was frequently invited to speak on leadership ethics.

Personal life
For his honesty and integrity both leading up to and directly following the shuttle disaster, Boisjoly received the Award for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility from the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1988.

When Boisjoly left Morton Thiokol, he took 14 boxes containing every note and paper he received or sent in seven years. On May 13, 2010, he donated his personal memoranda—six boxes of personal papers, including memos and notes from his congressional testimony—to Chapman University in Orange, California. Rand Boyd, the special-collections and archival librarian at Chapman's Leatherby Libraries, said the materials would be catalogued and archived. They can be viewed by library visitors.

Boisjoly married his wife Roberta in 1963. The couple had two daughters and at the time of his death eight grandchildren. Boisjoly died of cancer of the colon, kidneys, and liver on January 6, 2012, in Nephi, Utah.

Depiction in media
In the 1990 made-for-television film Challenger, Boisjoly was portrayed by actor Peter Boyle.

title: Roger Boisjoly


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Barry Boy

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Merge to Boy racer. Redwolf24 02:45, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Barry Boy
Delete: Wiki is not a dictionary, nor is it urban dictionary.com. (Keep an eye out for the slang red links this page has in it, too, in case they come back for those. JDoorjam 17:14, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * delete wikipedia isn't a slang guide. -- < drini | ∂drini > 19:40, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge. (changed voted from delete) merge to boy racer - good spot Liftarn.Alf 16:02, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into boy racer. // Liftarn 07:14, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Mikhail Dragomirov

Mikhail Ivanovich Dragomirov (Михаил Иванович Драгомиров; 20 November 1830 – 28 October 1905) was a Russian Imperial general and military writer of Ukrainian origin. His grandfather Ivan Antonovych Dragomirecki-Mockewicz after being granted a noble title in 1786, changed his name from Dragomirecki to the Russified form of Dragomirov.

Training and staff positions
Dragomirov entered the Guard infantry in 1849, becoming second lieutenant in 1852 and lieutenant in 1854. In the latter year he was selected to study at the Nicholas Academy (a staff college), and here he distinguished himself so much that he received a gold medal, an honor which, it is stated, was awarded to a student of the academy only twice in the 19th century. In 1856, Dragomirov was promoted to staff-captain and in 1858 to full captain, being sent in the latter year to study the military methods in vogue in other countries. He visited France, England, and Belgium, and wrote voluminous reports on the instructional and manoeuvre camps of these countries at Châlons, Aldershot, and Beverloo. In 1859, he was attached to the headquarters of the King of Sardinia Victor Emmanuel II during the campaign of Magenta and Solferino, and immediately upon his return to Russia he was sent to the Nicholas Academy as professor of tactics. Dragomirov played a leading part in the reorganization of the educational system of the army, and acted also as instructor to several princes of the imperial family. This post he held until 1863, when, as a lieutenant colonel, he took part in the suppression of the Polish insurrection of 1863-1864, returning to St. Petersburg in the latter year as colonel and chief of staff to one of the Guard divisions. During the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, Dragomirov was attached to the headquarters of the Second Prussian army. He was present at the battles on the upper Elbe and at Königgrätz, and his comments on the operations which he witnessed are of the greatest value to the student of tactics and of the war of 1866.

Active service
In 1868, he was made a major general, and in the following year became chief of staff in the Kiev military circumscription. In 1873, Dragomirov was appointed to command the 14th division, and in this command he distinguished himself very greatly in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–1878. The 14th division led the way at the crossing of the Danube at Zimnitza; Dragomirov being in charge of the delicate and difficult operation of crossing and landing under fire, and fulfilling his mission with complete success. Later, after the reverses before Plevna, he, with the cesarevich and Generals Eduard Totleben and Dmitry Milyutin, strenuously opposed the suggestion of the Grand Duke Nicholas that the Russian army should retreat into Romania, and the demoralization of the greater part of the army was not permitted to spread to Dragomirov's division, which retained its discipline unimpaired and gave a splendid example to the rest.

He was wounded at the Shipka Pass, and, though promoted lieutenant general soon after this, was not able to see further active service. He was also made adjutant general to the tsar and chief of the 53rd Volhynia regiment of his old division. For eleven years thereafter General Dragomirov was chief of the Nicholas Academy, and it was during this period that he collated and introduced into the Russian army all the best military literature of Europe, and in many other ways was active in improving the moral and technical efficiency of the Russian officer-corps, especially of the staff officer. In 1889, Dragomirov became commander-in-chief of the Kiev military district, and governor general of Kiev, Podolsk, and Volhynia, retaining this post until 1903. He was promoted to the rank of general of the infantry in 1891. His advanced age and failing health prevented his employment at the front during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, but his advice was continually solicited by the general headquarters at St. Petersburg, and while he disagreed with General Kuropatkin in many important questions of strategy and military policy, they both recommended a repetition of the strategy of 1812, even though the total abandonment of Port Arthur was involved therein. Dragomirov died at Konotop on 28 October 1905. In addition to the orders which he already possessed, he received in 1901 the Order of St. Andrew.

Works on military organization
His larger military works were mostly translated into French, and his occasional papers, extending over a period of nearly fifty years, appeared chiefly in the Voienni Sbornik and the Razvedschik; his later articles in the last-named paper were, like the general orders he issued to his own troops, attentively studied throughout the Russian army. His critique of Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace attracted even wider attention. Dragomirov was, in formal tactics, the head of the orthodox school. His conservatism was not, however, the result of habit and early training, but of deliberate reasoning and choice. His model was, as he admitted in the war of 1866, the British infantry of the Peninsular War, but he sought to reach the ideal, not through the methods of repression against which the advanced tacticians revolted, but by means of thorough efficiency in the individual soldier and in the smaller units. He inculcated the offensive at all costs, and the combination of crushing short range fire and the bayonet charge. He carried out the ideas of Suvorov to the fullest extent, and many thought that he pressed them to a theoretical extreme unattainable in practice. His critics, however, did not always realize that Dragomirov depended, for the efficiency his unit required, on the capacity of the leader, and that an essential part of the self-sacrificing discipline he exacted from his officers was the power of assuming responsibility. The details of his brilliant achievement of Zimnitza suffice to give a clear idea of Dragomirov's personality and of the way in which his methods of training conduced to success.

Dragomirov and Ilya Repin
Dragomirov was a friend of the painter Ilya Repin, and posed in the center of one of Repin's most famous paintings, Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks. He portrays one of the leaders of the Cossacks as they allegedly drafted a highly-insulting letter to the Turkish sultan. Repin also painted a more formal portrait of Dragomirov, found at the top of this article.

Family
He had two sons who entered the military:
 * Lieutenant-General Vladimir Mikhailovich Dragomirov (1867–1928)
 * General of Infantry Abraham Mikhailovich Dragomirov (1868–1955)

He also had a daughter, Sofia.

title: Mikhail Dragomirov


text:
Caesar IV

Caesar IV is a city-building game set in ancient Rome, developed by Tilted Mill Entertainment and published by Sierra Entertainment (Vivendi Universal Games). The game was released on September 26, 2006, in North America. The game features a three-dimensional game engine and individual modeling of game character behaviors.

Like the original Caesar in 1992, the game simulates city administration in historical Rome.

Gameplay
In a departure from older versions in the series, Caesar IV is equipped with variable, realistic 3D instead of fixed, isometric 3D. In addition, buildings and roads may be placed at 45 degree angles to the playing grid, as well as aligned with the grid, allowing game players more options in creating efficient and visually appealing city layouts.

In an attempt at historical realism, the game tries to stay as close to proper Roman lifestyles as possible. To this end, Sierra Games did detailed research into Roman lifestyles using secondary sources and primary sources.

The game is divided in three parts, named after the three traditional eras of Ancient Rome: "Kingdom", "Republic" and "Empire". The Kingdom part is a tutorial, while the Republic and Empire parts make up the campaign, where one can choose between peaceful and military assignments.

Reception
Caesar IV received mixed reviews, with review aggregator website Metacritic giving it a rating of 74. Positive aspects mentioned were the city building, large amount of content, visually appealing 3D graphics and professional sound and music. However, there were complaints centering around crashes, user interface issues, lag problems and repetitive game play.

The Australian video game talk show Good Game's two reviewers gave the game a 6/10 and 8/10.

title: Caesar IV


text:
User talk:Genglo

Hello, please leave your comments below:

An invitation to join WikiProject Ohio
 Hi, you are listed under Category:Wikipedians in Ohio or one of its subcategories. WikiProject Ohio has been slowing down and we're looking for active Ohioans to turn that around! But first, let us introduce ourselves; we're a group of editors working to improve Wikipedia's coverage of topics related to Ohio and we're sure there's somewhere you'll fit in just fine. The project's departments include article quality assessment: We have over 5,000 articles to assess for class alone, newsletter writing: This has been delayed by a few months, and new page patrolling: Which has also been slowing down. We also have a newly formed taskforce on our over 1,000 townships at WP:OHTWP.

We have 132 members, many of which are not active within the project. If you are listed there and still received this message please accept the auotmated porcess's apologies. If you are interested in joining us please list you name here. If you're not interested please note this is a one time invite and you will never hear from us again.

If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to leave a message at our talkpage or with any member of the project, we'll be happy to answer any of your questions. We look forward to seeing you around!

Delivered by: §hepBot  ( Disable )  04:04, 25 October 2008 (UTC)

The first Wikipedian meetup in Ohio
Thanks! --Rkitko (talk) 19:58, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

September 2011 Newsletter for WikiProject United States
--Kumioko (talk) 15:27, 5 September 2011 (UTC)

You're invited! Great Buckeye Wiknic 2016

Hello there! You are invited to attend the Great Buckeye Wiknic in Columbus, Ohio on Sunday, July 10th from 1:00 to 5:00 PM! Join us for a day in the park for food and socializing with others from the Wikimedia movement. We'll be meeting up at Fred Beekman Park, a park on Ohio State University's campus.

If you're interested, please take a look at our events page for more information, including parking info, food options, and available activities. If you plan on attending, please add your name to the attendees list. We look forward to seeing you!

If you have any questions, feel free to leave one on my talk page. Thanks! ~ Super  Hamster  Talk Contribs 05:39, 29 June 2016 (UTC)

(Note: If you would like to stop receiving notifications regarding Wikimedia events around Ohio, you may remove your username from this list.)

title: User talk:Genglo


text:
Martin Riggs

Martin Riggs is a fictional character from the Lethal Weapon film series created by Shane Black. Riggs was originally played by actor Mel Gibson in all four films from 1987 to 1998, and later by Clayne Crawford in the Fox television series from 2016 to 2018.

Originally a member of the Los Angeles Police Department's Narcotics Division, upon being reassigned to the Homicide Division, Riggs is partnered up with straight-laced sergeant Roger Murtaugh. Riggs and Murtaugh remain partners and best friends throughout the film series.

Military career
Martin Riggs joined the U.S. Army at age 19, eventually becoming a member of the U.S. Army Special Forces, receiving specialized training in weaponry and hand-to-hand combat. These skills would later serve him well when he became a police officer. Most of Riggs' time in special forces was in Vietnam, where he served as an assassin under the CIA's "Phoenix Project". The first time he killed is never mentioned, but he mentions he shot a man with a sniper rifle from a long distance (1000 yards) in Laos; while his ability as a trained killer would later affect his mental health, he thought of it as "the only thing I was ever really good at".

Family
In 1984, Riggs's wife of 11 years, Victoria Lynn, dies in a car accident, sending him into a deep depression. Driven by grief to the brink of suicide, Riggs regularly puts himself (and anyone else near him) in danger, hoping someone will kill him. This total disregard for his own life makes him completely fearless, turning him into a "Lethal Weapon". By the end of the first film, however, he has vowed to move on with his life. In the second film, it is revealed that Victoria was actually murdered during an attempt on Riggs's life.

In the films
In Lethal Weapon, Riggs is transferred from the narcotics division to the homicide division after a shooting incident. He is partnered with Detective Sergeant Roger Murtaugh in hopes that the older, more mature veteran will keep him in line. After a rough start, the two become best friends throughout the film series, even though Riggs always gets on Murtaugh's nerves. By the end of the first film, the two have worked together to rescue Murtaugh's daughter, who had been kidnapped by drug lords and mercenaries.

In Lethal Weapon 2, Riggs discovers that South African crime lord Arjen Rudd, whom he and Murtaugh are pursuing, ordered Riggs's death in 1984. Rudd's enforcer, Pieter Vorstedt, killed Victoria Riggs by mistake and made the murder look like an automobile accident to cover up their involvement. After avenging the deaths of his wife and Rika van den Haas (whom Riggs had become involved with romantically before she, too, was murdered by Rudd and his minions), he is able to move on with his life. Meanwhile, Riggs and Murtaugh are assigned to protect a comically loudmouthed federal witness, Leo Getz, whom they ultimately become close friends with.

He meets Sgt. Lorna Cole, an internal affairs officer, in Lethal Weapon 3 during an investigation into the disappearance of weapons from LAPD impound. The two make an immediate connection and work closely together to clear Murtaugh's name after he is forced to kill his son's friend in self-defense. Riggs and Cole become romantically involved and move in together after the end of the film.

In Lethal Weapon 4, Riggs and Cole are still living together, and she is pregnant with their child, but they have dodged the issue of marriage. Both Riggs and Murtaugh are promoted to captain by the fourth film in order to keep them out of trouble, but are demoted back to sergeants at the end of the film. Leo helps Riggs finally make peace with his wife's death; Riggs marries Cole while she is giving birth to their son named Billy.

Television series
In a March 2016 newspaper article, the plot for the television pilot is as follows: "When Texas cop and former Navy SEAL Martin Riggs...suffers the loss of his wife and baby, he moves to Los Angeles to start anew. There, he gets partnered with LAPD detective Roger Murtaugh...who, having recently suffered a 'minor' heart attack, must avoid any stress in his life." In the Season Two finale, Riggs kills his abusive father during a fight after rescuing Murtaugh's wife. At the end of the episode, Riggs visits his deceased wife's grave. At the gravesite, his much younger half-brother Garrett shows up, shoots him in the chest, mortally wounding him, and leaves. In the Season Three premiere, he dies from his gunshot wound in the hospital and is subsequently replaced by Wesley Cole as Murtaugh's partner.

Reception
Critics have given the character a positive reception. He is praised for his dramatic and brutal fight scene with Mr. Joshua (Gary Busey) and the sharp and clever dialogue provided by Shane Black. Martin Riggs is number 100 on Empire's list of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters.

title: Martin Riggs


text:
User:V3rbatim

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! KeithD (talk) 17:19, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User:V3rbatim


text: User talk:202.165.255.17

title: User talk:202.165.255.17


text:
Paul McCartney's Liverpool Oratorio

Paul McCartney's Liverpool Oratorio is a live album by Paul McCartney and Carl Davis, released in 1991. It is McCartney's first major foray into classical music. Composed in collaboration with Carl Davis to commemorate the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra's 150th anniversary, the project received media attention upon its unveiling in June 1991.

Recording
This recording was captured at the oratorio's dress rehearsal and premiere at Liverpool Cathedral with McCartney in attendance and features noted professional classical singers Kiri Te Kanawa, Jerry Hadley, Sally Burgess and Willard White re-enacting the roles in the oratorio. The recording was engineered by John Timperley.

Music and story
Consisting of eight movements, the story of the oratorio loosely follows McCartney's own lifeline, with the main character, Shanty, who is born in 1942 in Liverpool, raised to believe that "being born where you are born carries with it certain responsibilities". After his school days where he often "sagged off" (Liverpool slang for skipping class), Shanty begins working and meets his future bride, Mary Dee. Following the death of his father, Shanty and Mary Dee are married and are forced to deal with the rigours of balancing a happy marriage and their careers. Amid a quarrel, Mary Dee reveals that she is pregnant and after surviving a nearly fatal accident, gives birth to their son. Thus, the cycle of life in Liverpool carries on.

Performance History
The piece has been performed in concert on several occasions following the June 28, 1991, premiere in Liverpool. The American premiere took place on November 18, 1991, at Carnegie Hall and featured Carl Davis conducting the Liverpool Philharmonic and soloists Barbara Bonney, Sally Burgess, Jerry Hadley, and Willard White. On Oct 24, 1992, the work was presented at the Orange County Performing Arts Center under the baton of William Hall.

Cincinnati Opera has announced plans to present a fully staged production of the oratorio in July 2024.

Reception
The commercial reaction for the work was strong, with the oratorio spending many weeks atop the classical charts worldwide, and even charting at number 177 in regular album chart in the US. Critical reaction was mixed. Allan Kozinn, reviewing the Liverpool premiere for the New York Times in June 1991, described the work as "a richly melodic, lavishly orchestrated piece about the loss and reclamation of innocence, love and faith." In particular, Kozinn noted "an exquisite soprano aria" and "a five-minute violin meditation that suggests Mr. McCartney could be a superb concerto composer." Some observed that the work, while attractive, was simplistic, overlong and, given its aspirations, insubstantial.

Track listing
All pieces by Paul McCartney and Carl Davis. The first four movements are on CD disc one, the second four on disc two.

Side one

 * Movement I – War
 * 1) Andante (Orchestra) – 2:02
 * 2) 'Non Nobis Solum' – 2:35
 * 3) 'The Air Raid Siren Slices Through...' (Shanty) – 2:09
 * 4) 'Oh Will It All End Here?' (Shanty) – 1:36
 * 5) 'Mother and Father Holding Their Child' – 1:16

 * Movement II – School
 * 1) 'We're Here in School Today to Get a Perfect Education' – 2:10
 * 2) 'Walk in Single File Out of the Classroom' (Headmaster) – 1:02
 * 3) 'Settle Down' – 0:40
 * 4) 'Kept in Confusion' (Shanty) – 2:35
 * 5) 'I'll Always Be Here' (Mary Dee) – 1:35
 * 6) 'Boys, This Is Your Teacher' (Headmaster, Miss Inkley) – 1:23
 * 7) 'Tres Conejos' (Miss Inkley, Headmaster, Shanty) – 1:50
 * 8) 'Not for Ourselves' (Headmaster, Miss Inkley, Shanty) – 0:55

Side two

 * Movement III – Crypt
 * 1) 'And So It Was That I Had Grown' (Shanty) – 0:48
 * 2) Dance – 1:44
 * 3) 'I Used to Come Here When This Place Was a Crypt' (Shanty, Preacher) – 1:58
 * 4) 'Here Now' (Shanty) – 0:46
 * 5) 'I'll Always Be Here' (Mary Dee, Shanty) – 2:24
 * 6) 'Now's the Time to Tell Him' (Mary Dee, Shanty) – 2:21

 * Movement IV – Father
 * 1) Andante Lamentoso – 2:59
 * 2) 'O Father, You Have Given...' (Chief Mourner) – 1:05
 * 3) '(Ah)' – 1:13
 * 4) 'Hey, Wait a Minute' (Shanty) – 1:44
 * 5) 'Father, Father, Father' (Shanty, Chief Mourner) – 4:12

Side three

 * Movement V – Wedding
 * 1) Andante Amoroso – 'I Know I Should Be Glad of This' (Shanty, Mary Dee) – 5:42
 * 2) 'Father, Hear Our Humble Voices' (Preacher) – 1:13
 * 3) 'Hosanna, Hosanna' (Mary Dee, Shanty) – 1:40

 * Movement VI – Work
 * 1) Allegro Energico – 1:20
 * 2) 'Working Women at the Top' (Mary Dee) – 2:52
 * 3) Violin Solo – 5:05
 * 4) 'Did I Sign the Letter...' (Mary Dee) – 1:34
 * 5) Tempo I – 0:30
 * 6) 'When You Ask a Working Man' (Shanty, Mr. Dingle) – 1:34
 * 7) 'Let's Find Ourselves a Little Hostelry' (Mr. Dingle) – 2:04

Side four

 * Movement VII – Crises
 * 1) Allegro Molto – 0:54
 * 2) 'The World You're Coming Into' (Mary Dee) – 2:28
 * 3) Tempo I – 0:45
 * 4) 'Where's My Dinner?' (Shanty, Mary Dee) – 2:40
 * 5) 'Let's Not Argue' (Shanty, Mary Dee) – 0:31
 * 6) 'I'm Not a Slave' (Mary Dee, Shanty) – 0:52
 * 7) 'Right! That's It!' (Mary Dee) – 0:49
 * 8) 'Stop. Wait.' – 2:03
 * 9) 'Do You Know Who You Are...' (Nurse) – 3:36
 * 10) 'Ghosts of the Past Left Behind' (Nurse, Shanty, Mary Dee) – 3:08
 * 11) 'Do We Live in a World...' (Mary Dee, Nurse, Shanty) – 3:18

 * Movement VIII – Peace
 * 1) 'And So It Was That You Were Born' (Shanty) – 1:22
 * 2) 'God Is Good' – 1:26
 * 3) 'What People Want Is a Family Life' (Preacher) – 2:17
 * 4) 'Dad's in the Garden' (Nurse, Mary Dee, Preacher, Shanty) – 3:13
 * 5) 'So on and on the Story Goes' (Mary Dee, Shanty) – 1:06

Personnel

 * Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra – orchestra
 * Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Choir – chorus
 * Liverpool Cathedral Choiristers – chorus
 * Carl Davis – conductor
 * Ian Tracey – conductor
 * Kiri Te Kanawa – soprano: Mary Dee
 * Jerry Hadley – tenor: Shanty
 * Sally Burgess – mezzo-soprano: Miss Inkley, Chief Mourner, Nurse
 * Willard White – bass: Headmaster, Preacher, Mr. Dingle
 * Jeremy Budd – treble: Boy soloist

title: Paul McCartney's Liverpool Oratorio