text:
ALF: The Animated Series

ALF: The Animated Series (also known as ALF on Melmac) is an American animated television series that aired on NBC for 26 episodes from September 26, 1987, to January 7, 1989.

ALF: The Animated Series was a prequel and animated spinoff of the prime time series ALF, which also aired on NBC from 1986 to 1990. Paul Fusco, the creator and puppeteer of ALF in the live-action series, was the only cast member to reprise his role; none of the human characters from the prime time ALF appeared in the animated series, due to its nature as a prequel and its setting being on Melmac rather than Earth. ALF Tales was a spin-off of the series, which also aired on NBC on Saturdays from September 1988 to December 1989. The two ALF animated series ran concurrently during the 1988–89 season as the ALF & ALF Tales Hour.

Setting
The series is a prequel to ALF, depicting ALF's life on his home planet of Melmac before it exploded and he came to Earth. Since the name ALF was given to him after his arrival on Earth, he is instead known by his original name, Gordon Shumway. The puppet ALF appears at the beginning and end of the episode, talking to the viewers in the Tanner family's garage and either setting up the episode as if he were writing his memoir "Melmac Memories" and commenting on it afterwards, reading fan mail, or describing what his life was like on Melmac. The visual look of the series was created by lead character designer Fil Barlow.

The format of the series is that of a situational comedy, or sitcom, with much of the humor deriving from the characters partaking in ordinary activities, but in an alien environment.

The Gordon/ALF from the series is one of the cartoon characters featured in Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue.

Plot
Gordon Shumway is a teenager who lives in suburban East Velcro on the planet Melmac with his parents Bob and Flo, his brother Curtis, his younger sister Augie, and their dog Neep. He has two friends, Rick and Skip, and a girlfriend, Rhonda, who, along with him, are members of the Melmacian Orbit Guard. The show also features supporting characters, such as the fortune teller Madame Pokipsi and the villainous Larson Petty and his sidekick Eggbert.

The Shumway Family

 * Gordon (Gordo) Shumway / ALF (voiced by Paul Fusco) – The protagonist. A resident of East Velcro and member of the Melmacian Orbit Guard.
 * Bob Shumway (voiced by Thick Wilson) – Gordon's father. He works at a mayonnaise factory and is an amateur inventor.
 * Flo Shumway (voiced by Peggy Mahon) – Gordon's mother.
 * Curtis Shumway (voiced by Michael Fantini) – Gordon's younger brother.
 * Augie Shumway (voiced by Paulina Gillis ) – Gordon's younger sister.
 * Neep – The Shumway family's pet, a dog-like creature called a vespa.
 * Harry – The Shumway family's pet, a bird-like creature called a Westfellman Smulk.

Melmacians

 * Rhonda (voiced by Paulina Gillis) – Gordon's girlfriend, who is secretly an accomplished pilot.
 * Skipper "Skip" (voiced by Rob Cowan) – One of Gordon's friends
 * Rick Fusterman (voiced by Paul Fusco) – One of Gordon's friends.
 * Spudder – Curtis' friend.
 * Stella (voiced by Ellen-Ray Hennessy) – A waitress at the Cats Up Diner.
 * Eddie – The owner of the Cats Up Diner.
 * Madame Pokipsi (voiced by Deborah Theaker) – A fortune teller.
 * Colonel Cantfayl (voiced by Len Carlson) – A colonel in the Orbit Guard and Sargent Staff's superior.
 * Sargent Staff (voiced by Len Carlson) – A sergeant in the Orbit Guard and Gordon, Skip and Rick's superior officer, whom Gordon is often at odds at.
 * Freda Fusterman (voiced by Marla Lukofsky)
 * Tillie (voiced by Marla Lukofsky)
 * Jane Appalling (voiced by Marla Lukofsky)
 * TV Announcer (voiced by Marla Lukofsky)

Villains

 * Larson Petty (voiced by Thick Wilson) – The main antagonist of the series. He is an alien who attempts to invade Melmac. He has two offsiders, Eggbert and Sloop (both voiced by Dan Hennessey)
 * Louie the Pruner - A villain and owner of a salad dressing empire.
 * Sonny - The son of Louie the Pruner.

Episodes
Each episode is bookended by ALF talking about his upcoming book, Melmac Memories, about his life on Melmac during his first year in the Orbit Guard.

Home media
On May 30, 2006, Lionsgate Home Entertainment released both the first nine episodes of ALF: The Animated Series as ALF Animated Adventures – 20,000 Years in Driving School and Other Stories; and the first seven episodes of ALF Tales entitled ALF and The Beanstalk and Other Classic Fairy Tales on DVD in Region 1.

Some episodes can also be found in the special features section of the collectors edition release of the original live action series.

The complete series was remastered and subsequently released on October 17, 2023, by Shout! Factory in the DVD box set ALF: The Complete Series (Deluxe Edition). The box set release also included the original 1986–90 sitcom, ALF Tales and Project: ALF.

title: ALF: The Animated Series


text:
1890 New Zealand general election

The 1890 New Zealand general election was one of New Zealand's most significant. It marked the beginning of party politics in New Zealand with the formation of the Liberal Government, which was to enact major welfare, labour and electoral reforms, including giving the vote to women.

It was also the first election in which there was no legal plural voting. Multi-member electorates were re-introduced in the four main centres and the 'country quota' (which gave more weight to rural votes) was increased to 28%.

Following the election and the resignation of the previous government headed by Harry Atkinson, John Ballance formed the first Liberal Party ministry, taking office on 24 January 1891. At this stage no formal party organisation existed, but the formation of the Liberal ministry signalled the end of the system by which governments were made up of a loose and unstable coalition of independent MPs and the beginning of the 'party system'.

Electoral redistribution
In December 1887, the House of Representatives voted to reduce its membership from general electorates from 91 to 70. The 1890 electoral redistribution used the same 1886 census data used for the 1887 electoral redistribution. In addition, three-member electorates were introduced in the four main centres. This resulted in a major restructuring of electorates, with 12 new electorates created. Of those, four electorates were created for the first time:, , , and. The remaining eight electorates had previously existed and were re-created through the 1890 electoral redistribution:, , , , , , , and.

74 MPs were elected to the 11th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The Māori electorates voted on 27 November and the European (now known as General) electorates on 5 December. There were 183,171 voters registered in the sixty-two European electorates, which returned a total of 70 members. This figure includes 13,668 voters in the six electorates where there was an unopposed return. 136,337 valid votes were cast in European electorates, including additional votes cast in the four three-member electorates.

Party totals
Note that as the election was held before the establishment of formal political parties, the figures should only be regarded as an approximate indication of the division of political opinion.

Votes summary
Mackie and Rose suggest there was a 74.4% turnout, based on valid votes cast as a percentage of the registered electors. The official turnout figure is 80.4%, calculated on a different basis (see the Elections New Zealand official results web-site link below for further details of the changing methods used to calculate the official turnout).

The Māori vote, for the remaining four seats, was held on 27 November. Maori electorates did not have electoral rolls so their voting figures and percentages are not included above.

Electorate results
The following table shows the results of the 1890 general election. Six European members were returned unopposed.
 * Key

|colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | General electorates

| rowspan=3 | City of Auckland | rowspan=3 colspan=2 style="text-align:center; background-color:#ececec;" | New electorate | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | William Lee Rees | style="text-align:right;" | 260 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Adam Porter | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Thomas Thompson | style="text-align:right;" | 442 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | William Joseph Napier | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | John Shera | style="text-align:right;" | 1,013 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | James Wallis

| rowspan=3 | City of Christchurch | rowspan=3 colspan=2 style="text-align:center; background-color:#ececec;" | New electorate | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | William Pember Reeves | style="text-align:right;" | 802 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | John Tippett Smith | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Westby Perceval | style="text-align:right;" | 945 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Edward Wingfield Humphreys | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Richard Molesworth Taylor | style="text-align:right;" | 2,494 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Eden George

| rowspan=3 | City of Dunedin | rowspan=3 colspan=2 style="text-align:center; background-color:#ececec;" | New electorate | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | David Pinkerton | style="text-align:right;" | 348 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | James Allen | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Henry Fish | style="text-align:right;" | 995 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Richard Henry Leary | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | William Hutchison | style="text-align:right;" | 998 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Alfred Lee Smith

| rowspan=3 | Wellington, City of | rowspan=3 colspan=2 style="text-align:center; background-color:#ececec;" | New electorate | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | George Fisher | style="text-align:right;" | 183 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Francis Bell | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | John Duthie | style="text-align:right;" | 561 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Edwin George Jellicoe | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Kennedy Macdonald | style="text-align:right;" | 727 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Francis Fraser

|colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | Maori electorates

 * }

Table footnotes:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1890 New Zealand general election


text:
Denzil Fortescue, 6th Earl Fortescue

Denzil George Fortescue, 6th Earl Fortescue MC TD (13 June 1893 – 1 June 1977) was a British peer and farmer who served in both the First World War and Second World War.

Early life and education
Fortescue was the third born and second surviving son of Hugh Fortescue, 4th Earl Fortescue and Hon. Emily Ormsby-Gore, daughter of William Ormsby-Gore, 2nd Baron Harlech. He grew up at the family estate at Castle Hill, North Devon. He was educated at Eton and New College, Oxford, where he studied under William Spooner. He received the Military Cross in 1919:

Career
He joined the Royal North Devon Yeomanry and in 1915 was sent to Gallipoli. After suffering a severe bout of dysentery, he returned home to recover. He rejoined the war in 1916 in France, where he fought at the Battle of the Somme. In four weeks, he fought in six battles.

Fortescue was commanding officer of the Royal Devon Yeomanry 1935–1941, and commanding officer of the 1st Heavy Regiment, Royal Artillery, 1942–1944.

In 1958, he succeeded to the Earldom on the death of his older brother, Hugh Fortescue, 5th Earl Fortescue, whose only son, Hugh, Viscount Ebrington had been killed at El Alamein in 1942. He became a "regular attender and occasional speaker at the House of Lords."

He lived at the family seat, Ebrington Manor, where he became a successful fruit farmer.

Marriages and children
He married, firstly, Marjorie Ellinor Trotter, the granddaughter of John Hamilton, 1st Baron Hamilton of Dalzell, on 10 June 1920 and they were divorced in 1941. They had three children:

 * Richard Archibald Fortescue, 7th Earl Fortescue (14 April 1922 – 7 March 1993) he married Penelope Henderson on 24 October 1949. They have two children, five grandchildren and one great-grandson. He remarried Margaret Stratton on 3 March 1961 and they were divorced in 1987. They have two daughters and two grandsons. He remarried, again, Carolyn Hill on 5 January 1989.
 * Charles Hugh Richard Fortescue, 8th Earl Fortescue (10 May 1951) he married Julia Sowrey on 12 December 1974. They have three daughters and one grandson:
 * Lady Alice Penelope Fortescue (8 June 1978)
 * Lady Kate Eleanor Fortescue (25 October 1979) she married Oliver Henry Bonas. They have one son:
 * Ossie Charles Bonas (31 October 2012)
 * Lady Lucy Beatrice Fortescue (29 April 1983)
 * Lady Celia Ann Fortescue+ (30 December 1957) she married David Adams in 1988. They have two children:
 * Georgina Penelope Anne Adams (1990)
 * Charles Michael Richard Adams (1992)
 * Lady Laura Margaret Fortescue+ (1 May 1962) she married Simon Jamieson on 1 July 1995. They have two sons:
 * Jerry Jocelyn Jamieson (1 June 1996)
 * Hugh Archibald Jamieson (8 September 1997)
 * Lady Sarah Jane Fortescue (16 August 1963) she married Francis David Sherston Chapman on 19 December 1995.
 * The Honorable Martin Fortescue (b. 5 January 1924 – 15 May 2005) he married Prudence Rowley on 23 April 1954. They have four children and eight grandchildren. He remarried Caroline Lofte on 18 November 1994.
 * John Andrew Francis Fortescue (27 March 1955) he married Phoebe Burridge in 1990. They have three children:
 * Thomas Henry Horatio Fortescue (1993)
 * Hugh Augustus Francis Fortescue (9 November 1995)
 * Ophelia Marion Louisa Fortescue (22 July 1999)
 * Katharine Fortescue (30 December 1956) she married Robert Whitaker, son of Evald Mattievich Whitaker, on 9 September 1995.
 * Georgina Elizabeth Fortescue (9 November 1958) she married Nicholas Armour on 31 July 1982. They have two daughters:
 * Emily Frances Armour (1985)
 * Sophie Elizabeth Armour (1987)
 * Anthony William Fortescue (10 April 1962) he married Emma Lambert in 1992. They have three children:
 * William George Fortescue (30 June 1994)
 * Amelia Prudence Fortescue (20 March 2000)
 * Lucy Emma Fortescue (19 December 2001)
 * Lady Bridget Ellinor Fortescue (b. 17 October 1927) she married Wing Commander Gordon Sinclair on 25 November 1952. They have four children and eleven grandchildren:
 * Alan Gordon William Sinclair (11 September 1956) he married Fiona B. MacEwan in 1983. They have three sons:
 * Thomas Sinclair (1985)
 * Archie Sinclair (1988)
 * Geordie Sinclair (1993)
 * Caroline Fiona Sinclair (5 November 1958) she married Julian Raymond Eric Smith, son of Jeremy Fox Eric Smith and Julia Mary Rona Burrell, on 8 May 1982. They have three children:
 * Oliver George Eric Smith (10 March 1983)
 * Lucy Alexandra Smith (18 December 1984)
 * Henry Thomas Eric Smith (9 September 1986)
 * Joanna Rosalind Sinclair (19 July 1963) she married Mark P. R. Rimell in 1992. They have two children:
 * Benjamin Charles Philip Rimell (1994)
 * Amelia Sophie Rimell (1996)
 * Robert Alister Sinclair (2 February 1965) he married Rebecca Power. They have three children:
 * Hebe Elizabeth Bridget Sinclair (5 April 2010)
 * Henry Robert Sinclair (1 June 2011)
 * Eve Sinclair

Fortescue married, secondly, Hon. Sybil Hardinge, daughter of Henry Hardinge, 3rd Viscount Hardinge, on 8 August 1941 - she had divorced her first husband Hugh Douglas-Pennant, 4th Baron Penrhyn earlier in 1941. They had one son:

 * The Honorable Seymour Henry Fortescue (b. 28 May 1942) he married Julia Pilcher (daughter of Sir John Arthur Pilcher) in 1966 and they were divorced in 1990. They have two children and six grandchildren. He remarried Jennifer Simon on 23 August 1990. They have one daughter.
 * Marissa Clara Fortescue (20 October 1973) she married Maximilian, 7th Prince of Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda, on 30 September 2000. They have four children:
 * Moritz Friedrich Carl, Hereditary Prince of Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda (27 March 2003)
 * Princess Louise Helena Agnes Delia of Bentheim-Tecklenburg (22 April 2005)
 * Princess Amalia Anna Elisabeth of Bentheim-Tecklenburg (25 October 2007)
 * Prince Carl-Emil Maximilian Moritz-Casimir of Bentheim-Tecklenburg (10 August 2010)
 * James Adrian Fortescue (15 April 1978) he married Olivia Rodgers. They have two daughters:
 * Isla Rose Julia Fortescue (26 October 2011)
 * Aurelia Mary Elizabeth Fortescue (22 September 2014)
 * Alexandra Kate Fortescue (10 July 1991)

Death
The sixth earl died 1 June 1977, just shy of his 84th birthday. A monument was erected in his honour at St Eadburgha's Church in Ebrington.

title: Denzil Fortescue, 6th Earl Fortescue


text:
Hochburg

The Hochburg ("high castle") is a castle ruin situated between the city of Emmendingen and the village of Sexau in the region of Baden, located in the southwest of Germany. It was presumably built in the 11th century and was originally known as castle Hachberg. The line of nobles known as the Margraves of Baden-Hachberg most likely derive their name from this castle and before it was razed by the French it was the second largest fortification in Baden.

The name
Historians are uncertain about where the name Hachberg comes from. One theory is that an estate in the region was given to a man referred to as Hacho who was a part of Charlemagnes retinue. This hypothesis is also supported by an engraved plaque added to the castle by Karl II and a document dating back to 1161 mentions it as Castro Hahberc. In any case, whoever the true builder of the castle is most likely chose its name for their lineage, resulting in the family sidebranch of the house of Baden known as Baden-Hachberg.

The first mention of a transition from Hachberg to Hochberg can be found in French sources concerned with members of the lineage of Hachberg-Sausenberg, who were the counts of Neuenburg as well.

The name Hochberg sees its German revival as late as 1787, when Margrave Karl Friedrich, as second husband, married Luise Karoline Freiin Geyer von Geyersberg and made her the Imperial Countess of Hochberg.

The Lords of Hachberg
Dietrich von Emmendingen (who later called himself von Hachberg) most likely founded the castle to harvest the forests surrounding it for lumber. Its first mention dates back to a document from 1127. The further development of later property documents suggests that Erkenbold von Hachberg, the last of his name, gave his holdings to the Zähringer to finance his participation in the crusades (1147–1149).

The Margraves of Baden 1161–1212
A document on the talks about the founding of the monastery Tennenbach from 1161 implies that Hermann IV von Baden was the reigning lord of castle Hachberg at the time. When his sons Hermann V and Henrich I divided the margraviate among each other in 1212 the castle became the centre of power for the margraves of Baden-Hachberg.

The Margraves of Baden-Hachberg 1212–1415
The Margraves of Baden-Hachberg ruled from the Hochburg for two centuries, until Margrave Bernhard I, of the main family of Baden, acquired the castle in 1415 from the highly indebted Otto II, last Margrave of Baden-Hachberg.

The Margraves of Baden 1415-1535
The castle survived the war of the Oberrheinischer Städtebund versus Bernhard I in 1424 and even withstood siege during the German Peasant's War in 1525.

The Margraves of Baden-Durlach 1535–1771

Karl II greatly enhanced the castle's defences in 1553 and turned it into a more modern, renaissance style fortification.

Margrave Georg Friedrich added 7 bastions around the castle's perimeter and gave some the names of Hachbergs sister castles in Baden all of which laid in the realm of Margraves of Baden-Durlach. (Bastion Rötteln; Bastion Sausenberg; Bastion Badenweiler)

The castle was besieged for two years during the Thirty Years' War in 1634 and was slighted for the first time after surrendering to the attackers. However, in 1660 Margrave Friedrich VI induced the reconstruction of the castle.

Demolition
In 1681 the defences were destroyed voluntarily by the French after they had taken many of the holdings in Baden through the Treaty of peace of Nijmegen and a manned castle Hachberg could have posed a sizable threat to their new territory. Only three years later peasants caused a fire which destroyed the remaining living quarters. And in 1688 French troops destroyed what little remained of the fortification, turning it into a ruin.

Preservation of the ruin
The first steps at preserving the ruin were taken towards the end of the 19th century and still persist to this day. Work was only temporarily halted during the two world wars. The Society for the conservation of the Hochburg has been taking care of the ruin on voluntary work since 1971 and in 2007 they bought the tenancy of the castle.

Today
The Hochburg can be visited by anyone free of charge. It is part of the program for the state preservation of castles and gardens in Baden-Württemberg and in 1991 a small museum was added in the cellar. The castle has been depicted in several paintings and has many mythical tales surrounding it, speaking of hidden treasure and restless knights, waiting to return.

title: Hochburg


text:
Winkler Flyers

The Winkler Flyers are a Junior ice hockey team in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League (MJHL) team playing out of the Winkler Arena in Winkler, Manitoba, Canada. The Flyers entered the MJHL as an expansion team for the 1980-81 season and have won four Turnbull Cup Championships as Manitoba Junior 'A' Champions (1991, 1992, 1998 & 2024) as well as the ANAVET Cup in 1992. National Hockey League players to have played for the Flyers include Hall of Fame goaltender Eddie "The Eagle" Belfour.

Season-by-season record
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against

Centennial Cup
The Centennial Cup is awarded to the national championship team from among the Maritime Junior Hockey League, Quebec Junior Hockey League, Central Canada Hockey League, Ontario Junior Hockey League, Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League, Superior International Junior Hockey League, Manitoba Junior Hockey League, Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League, and the Alberta Junior Hockey League league champions. The competition involves round-robin play in two 5-team pools with top three in each pool advancing to the finals. The BC and Yukon region has not been represented in the competition since 2021 when the BCHL declared itself an independent league.

Playoffs

 * 1981 DNQ
 * 1982 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-2

 * 1983 Lost semi-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-3
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-2

 * 1984 Lost quarter-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-1

 * 1985 Lost semi-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-3
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-1

 * 1986 Lost semi-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Steinbach Hawks 4-games-to-none
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-2

 * 1987 Lost quarter-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-2

 * 1988 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-1

 * 1989 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-2

 * 1990 Lost quarter-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-1

 * 1991 Won League, lost Anavet Cup
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Selkirk Steelers
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-1
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Winnipeg South Blues 4-games-to-none MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Yorkton Terriers (SJHL) defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-1

 * 1992 Won League, won Anavet Cup, lost 1992 Centennial Cup final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Selkirk Steelers
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-1
 * Winkler Flyers defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-1 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Melfort Mustangs (SJHL) 4-games-to-1 ANAVET CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Fourth in 1992 Centennial Cup round robin (2-2)
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Vernon Lakers (BCHL) 5-2 in semi-final
 * Thunder Bay Flyers (USHL) defeated Winkler Flyers 10-1 in final

 * 1993 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-3

 * 1994 Lost final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-1
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-3
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-2

 * 1995 Lost final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-3
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-3
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-2

 * 1996 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-1

 * 1997 Lost semi-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-3
 * OCN Blizzard defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-none

 * 1998 Won League, lost Anavet Cup
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-1
 * Winkler Flyers defeated OCN Blizzard 4-games-to-1
 * Winkler Flyers defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-1 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Weyburn Red Wings (SJHL) defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-3

 * 1999 Lost semi-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-2
 * OCN Blizzard defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-1

 * 2000 Lost semi-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-3
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-1

 * 2001 Lost final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Winnipeg South Blues 4-games-to-none
 * OCN Blizzard defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-none

 * 2002 Lost final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1
 * Winkler Flyers defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-none
 * OCN Blizzard defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-none

 * 2003 Lost quarter-final
 * Southeast Blades defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-3

 * 2004 Lost quarter-final
 * Winnipeg Saints defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-2

 * 2005 Lost quarter-final
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-1

 * 2006 Lost quarter-final
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-1

 * 2007 Lost quarter-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-1

 * 2008 Lost semi-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1
 * Winnipeg Saints defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-1

 * 2009 Lost quarter-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-2

 * 2010 Lost semi-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-2
 * Winnipeg Saints defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-none

 * 2011 Lost semi-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Waywayseecappo Wolverines 4-games-to-2
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-2

 * 2012 Lost quarter-final
 * Winnipeg Blues defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-0

 * 2013 Lost quarter-final
 * Winnipeg Blues defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-2

 * 2014 Lost Survivor series
 * Winnipeg Blues defeated Winkler Flyers 2-games-to-0

 * 2015 Lost quarter-final
 * Virden Oil Capitals defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-2

 * 2016 Lost semi-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated OCN Blizzard 4-games-to-1
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-3

 * 2017 Lost semi-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Virden Oil Capitals 4-games-2
 * OCN Blizzard defeated winkler Flyers 4-games-0

 * 2018 Lost semi-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated OCN Blizzard 4-games-to-2
 * Virden Oil Capitals defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-0

 * 2019 DNQ
 * 2020 Playoffs cancelled
 * Virden Oil Capitals leading Winkler Flyers 2-games-to-1 when playoffs were cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic

 * 2021 Playoffs cancelled
 * 2022 Lost semi-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Winnipeg Blues 4-games-to-2
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-1

 * 2023 Lost quarter-final
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-3

 * 2024 Won Finals
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Steinbach Pistons 4-games-to-0

title: Winkler Flyers


text:
Chromia

In Greek mythology, Chromia (Ancient Greek: Χρωμία, Khrōmía) was the daughter of Itonus, son of Amphictyon, himself son of Deucalion. She was also, in some traditions, the mother of Aetolus, Paeon, Epeius and Eurycyda by Endymion.

The poem Endymion, a Tale of Greece, by Henry B. Hirst (1848) is a modern retelling of the legend of Endymion and Chromia.

title: Chromia


text:
WCKY

WCKY may refer to:

 * WCKY (AM), a radio station (1530 AM) licensed to Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
 * WCKY-FM, a radio station (103.7 FM) licensed to Pemberville, Ohio, United States

title: WCKY


text:
1893 New Zealand general election

The 1893 New Zealand general election was held on 28 November and 20 December in the European and Māori electorates, respectively, to elect 74 MPs to the 12th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The election was won by the Liberal Party, and Richard Seddon became Prime Minister.

1893 was the year universal suffrage was granted to women over 21 (including Māori), plural registration was abolished, plural voting for Māori property-owners was abolished, and only those whose descent was exactly half Māori were allowed to choose whether to vote in European or Māori electorates. Women's suffrage was the most consequential change.

1892 electoral redistribution
The previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1890 for the. The 1891 New Zealand census was the first to automatically trigger an electoral redistribution, which was undertaken in 1892. The population drift to the North Island resulted in the transfer of one electorate from the south to the north. Only three electorates remained with unaltered boundaries:, , and. 14 new electorates were established, and of those, eight electorates were established for the first time:, , , , , , , and. The remaining six electorates had existed before, and they were re-established for the 12th Parliament:, , , , , and.

Women's suffrage
By far the most notable change for the 1893 election was that the Electoral Act, 1893, extended the franchise to all women (including Māori) aged 21 and over. Women's suffrage was granted after about two decades of campaigning by women such as Kate Sheppard and Mary Ann Müller and organisations such as the New Zealand branch of the Women's Christian Temperance Union led by Anne Ward. Of countries presently independent, New Zealand was the first to give women the vote in modern times. John Hall, a Conservative politician and former premier, received most of the credit for pushing the legislation through Parliament; he is the only male who has his name inscribed on the Kate Sheppard National Memorial. There were only 10 weeks between the passage of the legislation and the election, and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) set about to enrol as many women as possible.

The bill had passed under the Liberal government which generally advocated social and political reform, but only due to a combination of personality issues and political accident. Seddon opposed it (unlike many other Liberals) because many women supported prohibition. He had expected to stop the bill in the upper house, but found that one more vote was needed. Thomas Kelly, a new Liberal Party councillor had left himself paired in favour of the measure, but Seddon obtained his consent by wire to change his vote. Seddon's manipulation so incensed two opposition councillors, William Reynolds and Edward Stevens that they changed sides and voted for the bill, which was passed by 20 votes to 18 so giving the vote to women. Both the Liberals and the Conservatives subsequently claimed credit for sponsoring the enfranchisement of women and both sought to acquire women's votes, although the Liberals benefitted more.

The election
The 1893 election was held on Tuesday, 28 November in the general electorates, and on Wednesday, 20 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 74 MPs to the 12th Parliament.

A total number of 302,997 (75.3%) voters turned out to vote. 65% of all eligible New Zealand women voted in the 1893 election. In 3 seats there was only one candidate. 31 and 39 electorates were in the North Island and South Island, respectively, plus the 4 Māori electorates.

Party totals
The following table gives party strengths and vote distribution according to Wilson (1985), who records Maori representatives as Independents prior to the.

Electorate results
The following is a table of electorate results by electorate. Key

|colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | General electorates

| rowspan=3 | Auckland, City of | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | John Shera | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | George Grey | style="text-align:right;" | 2,233 | rowspan=3 style="background-color:;" | | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | Thomas Tudehope | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Thomas Thompson | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | William Crowther | style="text-align:right;" | 438 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Alfred Cadman | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Charles Button | style="text-align:right;" | 68

| rowspan=3 | Christchurch, City of | style="background-color:;" | | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | William Pember Reeves | style="text-align:right;" | 1,848 | rowspan=3 style="background-color:;" | | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | Ebenezer Sandford | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Ebenezer Sandford | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | George Smith | style="text-align:right;" | 916 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Richard Molesworth Taylor | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | William Whitehouse Collins | style="text-align:right;" | 281

| rowspan=3 | Dunedin, City of | style="background-color:;" | |colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | David Pinkerton | style="text-align:right;" | 1,294 | rowspan=3 style="background-color:;" | | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | Henry Fish | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Henry Fish | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | William Earnshaw | style="text-align:right;" | 589 | style="background-color:;" | | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | William Hutchison | style="text-align:right;" | 294

| rowspan=3 | Wellington, City of | style="background-color:;" | | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | John Duthie | style="text-align:right;" | | rowspan=3 style="background-color:;" | | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | Kennedy Macdonald | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | George Fisher | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Francis Bell | style="text-align:right;" | | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | William McLean | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Sir Robert Stout | style="text-align:right;" |

|colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | Māori electorates

 * }

Table footnotes:

title: 1893 New Zealand general election


text: User talk:80.58.3.172

title: User talk:80.58.3.172


text: Template:Roads in Poland

title: Template:Roads in Poland


text:
Cleanroom suit

A cleanroom suit, clean room suit, or bunny suit, is an overall garment worn in a cleanroom, an environment with a controlled level of contamination. One common type is an all-in-one coverall worn by semiconductor and nanotechnology line production workers, technicians, and process / equipment engineers. Similar garments are worn by people in similar roles creating sterile products for the medical device, biopharmaceutical and optical instrument industries.

The suit covers the wearer to prevent skin and hair being shed into a clean room environment. The suit may be in one piece or consist of several separate garments worn tightly together. The suit incorporates both boots and hood, designed to be breathable and lightweight while protecting the wearer. Polypropylene with a polyethylene coating, or Tyvek polyethylene are standard. The materials found in cleanroom suits can also be found on personal protective equipment.

More advanced designs with face covers were introduced in the 1990s (like the Intel fab worker-style suits seen on the Pentium product advertisements).

Suits are usually deposited in a storage bin after being contaminated for dry cleaning, autoclaving and/or repair. Some clothing items, such as nitrile gloves and shoe covers, may be disposed of after every use.

The term "bunny suit" is also used for hazmat suits, worn by workers handling high-risk hazardous biological or chemical substances, as well as in the containment areas of nuclear power plants. These suits consist of the main garment, hood, thin cotton gloves, rubber gloves, plastic bags over normal work shoes, and rubber booties. The wrists and ankles are taped down with masking tape. Occasionally a plastic raincoat is also worn. Removal of the garments (into several barrels) is a complicated process which must be performed in an exact sequence. Often a health physicist is present in the work area to observe good anti-contamination practices.

title: Cleanroom suit


text:
1896 New Zealand general election

The 1896 New Zealand general election was held on Wednesday, 4 December in the general electorates, and on Thursday, 19 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 74 MPs to the 13th session of the New Zealand Parliament. A total number of 337,024 (76.1%) voters turned out to vote.

1896 was the year the limit of £200 was placed on each candidate's campaign spending.

Background
The Liberal government campaigned on a platform that the election was between the people and the "selfish few". The economy stagnated, raising unemployment, which caused support for the Liberals to fall in the cities and they lost many seats, though not enough to be removed from office by the Conservatives. In rural areas, the swing in support was not as large due to the public works and land settlement programmes helping to support the regions. In June 1896 Seddon had replaced Joseph Ward as Finance Minister whilst the latter had resigned after being declared temporarily bankrupt. As such Seddon himself took on the workload of the treasury making him more susceptible to opposition attacks over the economy. He proved to be a cautious financier, budgeting for surpluses while maintaining the spirit of self reliance his predecessor John Ballance had advocated.

Party totals
The following table gives party strengths and vote distribution according to Wilson (1985), who records Maori representatives as Independents prior to the.

Votes summary
The table below shows the results of the 1896 general election:

Key

|colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | General electorates

| rowspan=3 | Auckland, City of | style="background-color:;" | | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Thomas Thompson | style="text-align:right;" | 2,516 | rowspan=3 style="background-color:;" | | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | Arthur Rosser | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Charles Button | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | James Job Holland | style="text-align:right;" | 1,622 | style="background-color:;" | | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | William Crowther | style="text-align:right;" | 1,328

| rowspan=3 | Christchurch, City of | style="background-color:;" | | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Charles Lewis | style="text-align:right;" | 6,570 | rowspan=3 style="background-color:;" | | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | William Whitehouse Collins | style="background-color:;" | | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | George Smith | style="text-align:right;" | 5,940 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | William Whitehouse Collins | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Tommy Taylor | style="text-align:right;" | 5,445

| rowspan=3 | Dunedin, City of | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | William Hutchison | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Scobie Mackenzie | style="text-align:right;" | 2,132 | rowspan=3 style="background-color:;" | | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | David Pinkerton | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | David Pinkerton | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | John A. Millar | style="text-align:right;" | 547 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | William Earnshaw | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Henry Fish | style="text-align:right;" | 378

| rowspan=3 | Wellington, City of | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Robert Stout | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Robert Stout | style="text-align:right;" | 475 | rowspan=3 style="background-color:;" | | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | Arthur Atkinson | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Francis Bell | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | John Hutcheson | style="text-align:right;" | 580 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | John Duthie | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | George Fisher | style="text-align:right;" | 28

|colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | Māori electorates

 * }

Table footnotes:

The election of Thomas Wilford for the electorate of Suburbs of Wellington was declared void by an election petition on the grounds of corrupt and illegal practices. Charles Wilson was elected MP for that electorate following a by-election on 23 April 1897.

Summary of changes

 * A boundary redistribution resulted in the abolition of seven seats:
 * , held by John A. Millar
 * , held by Patrick O'Regan
 * , held by Edward Smith
 * , held by Frederick Flatman
 * , held by William Maslin
 * , held by Charles Mills
 * , held by Frederic Lang
 * At the same time, seven new seats came into being:

title: 1896 New Zealand general election


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Emo fashion

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. Eugene van der Pijll 11:16, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Emo fashion
Keep - section has been removed from 21st Century Emo. --80.4.224.6 20:59, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Redirect - I would actually suggest redirecting 21st Century Emo to Emo Fashion... 193.190.253.144 00:00, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Keep - I recreated the fashion article, it was originally at Emo (that article was subject to a long POV dispute), someone moved it to 21st Century Emo but it relates to both plus others. I am working on a summary for 21st C article. It forms part of series on Emo linked by the Template:Emo. Paul foord 00:00, 22 August 2005 (UTC) User:80.4.224.6 has been rewriting articles to try to resolve POV issues and development of usage of term Emo. Redirect comment above may fit in the POV dispute Paul foord 00:11, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

keep - the issue of emo fashion needs to be a separate topic from the music itself. either that, or somehow connect it more directly with the "scene kids" article. -chadski

Redirect - most of the content is extremely subjective. for instance, i have never heard of 'refused' getting credited for that hairstyle. on top of that, when you click on the link to the 'refused' page, there is a picture of refused, and none of them are sporting the said hairstyle. furthermore, the part about weezer doesn't make grammatical sense, and anyway weezer displayed the previously-established 'indie-rock' look.

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
First Austrian Republic

The First Austrian Republic (Erste Österreichische Republik), officially the Republic of Austria, was created after the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 10 September 1919—the settlement after the end of World War I which ended the Habsburg rump state of Republic of German-Austria—and ended with the establishment of the Austrofascist Federal State of Austria based upon a dictatorship of Engelbert Dollfuss and the Fatherland's Front in 1934. The Republic's constitution was enacted on 1 October 1920 and amended on 7 December 1929. The republican period was increasingly marked by violent strife between those with left-wing and right-wing views, leading to the July Revolt of 1927 and the Austrian Civil War of 1934.

Foundation
In September 1919, the rump state of German-Austria– now effectively reduced to the Alpine and Danubian crownlands of the Austrian Empire – was given reduced borders by the Treaty of Saint Germain, which ceded German-populated regions in Sudetenland to Czechoslovakia, German-populated South Tyrol to Italy and a portion of the Alpine provinces to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Kraljevina Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca, or SHS, also known as Yugoslavia). Despite Austrian protests this treaty also forbade Anschluss, or union of Austria with Germany, without League of Nations consent. The Allies were not willing to allow a defeated Germany to expand its borders by absorbing what remained of Austria. With this route closed, German-Austria changed its official name to the Republic of Austria.

The new state managed to block two land claims by its neighbours. The first was the south-eastern part of Carinthia, which was inhabited partly by Slovenians. It was prevented from being taken over by the new SHS-state through a Carinthian plebiscite on October 10, 1920, in which the majority of the population chose to remain with Austria. The second prevented land-claim was Hungary's claim to Burgenland, which, under the name "Western Hungary", had been part of the Hungarian kingdom since 907. It was inhabited mostly by a German-speaking population, but had also Croat- and Hungarian-speaking minorities. Through the Treaty of St. Germain it became part of the Austrian Republic in 1921. However, after a plebiscite which was disputed by Austria, the provincial capital city of Sopron (German Ödenburg) remained in Hungary.

The Treaty of Saint Germain angered the German population in Austria who claimed that it violated the Fourteen Points laid out by United States President Woodrow Wilson during peace talks, specifically the right to "self-determination" of all nations. Many of them felt that with the loss of over 70% of the cisleithanian territory of the prewar empire, Austria was no longer economically and politically viable as a separate state without union with Germany. Austria now found itself a small, landlocked country of about 6.5 million people, with 4 million Austrian Germans excluded from the new state and instead being placed against their declared will under Czechoslovak, Italian, and Yugoslav rule. Vienna, with its population of almost 2 million, was left as an imperial capital without an empire to feed it. Only 17.8 percent of Austria's land was arable; the vast majority of arable land in the former Austrian half of the empire was now part of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.

Government and politics, 1920–1934
The new constitution created a bi-cameral legislature with the upper house – the Federal Council – formed by representatives from federal states and the lower house – the National Council – to which deputies were elected in universal elections. The Federal President was elected for a four-year term in a full session of both houses, while the Chancellor was elected by the National Council. As no political party ever gained a parliamentary majority, Austria was governed by coalitions of the conservative Christian Social Party and the right-wing Greater German People's Party or Landbund which were more conservative than the first government of Social Democrat Karl Renner of 1919–20, which had established a number of progressive socioeconomic and labour legislations.

After 1920, Austria's government was dominated by the anti-Anschluss Christian Social Party which retained close ties to the Roman Catholic Church. The party's first Chancellor Ignaz Seipel came to power in May 1922 and attempted to forge a political alliance between wealthy industrialists and the Roman Catholic Church.

After the legislative elections of October 17, 1920, the Social Democrats lost the parliamentary majority and remained in the opposition until 1934, when they were banned by Dollfuss. The Christian Socials won 85, Social Democrats 69, Greater Germany Party 20 and Peasants Union 8 seats. Michael Hainisch was elected Federal President. After the October 1923 elections Ignaz Seipel stayed in power and resigned in November 1924 when he was succeeded by Rudolf Ramek.

In December 1928 the Christian Social Wilhelm Miklas was elected to the post of Federal President and on 7 December 1929 the Constitution was amended, reducing the rights of the Parliament, making the Federal President electable by a popular vote and giving him the right to appoint the federal government and to issue emergency laws.

After the 1930 legislative elections the Social Democrats emerged as the largest party with 72 seats, but Christian Social Chancellor Otto Ender created a coalition government without them.

Left–right clashes
Despite the nation having a steady political party in power, the politics of the nation were fractious and violent, with both Social Democrat (Republikanischer Schutzbund) and right-wing (Heimwehr) political paramilitary forces clashing with each other. The country was divided between the conservative countryside population and Red Vienna controlled by the Social Democrats.

In 1927, during a political clash in Schattendorf, an old man and a child were shot and killed by the Heimwehr. On 14 July 1927 the shooters were acquitted and left-wing supporters began a massive protest during which the Ministry of Justice building was burned. To restore order, the police and army shot and killed 89 people and injured 600. The huge protest is known as the July Revolt of 1927. Social Democrats called for a general strike which lasted four days.

After the 1927 events, the conservative elements became stronger and the violence in Austria continued to escalate until the early 1930s when Engelbert Dollfuss became Chancellor.

Economy
However the new state was difficult to control, as much of the former empire's important economic regions had been taken away with the foundation of new nation-states. The matter was further complicated by the fact that a number of these new nation-states were still dependent on Vienna's banks, but business was hampered by the newly erected borders and tariffs.

The landlocked Austria was barely able to support itself with food and lacked a developed industrial basis. In addition, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia and Italy had imposed a trade blockade and refused to sell food and coal to Austria, which eventually was saved by aid and support from the Western Allies. By 1922 one USA dollar was worth 19,000 kronen and half the population was unemployed.

In December 1921 the Treaty of Lana between Austria and Czechoslovakia was signed in which Austria recognized the new state borders and relinquished claims to represent ethnic Germans living on the territory of the newly created Czechoslovakia. In return Czechoslovakia provided a loan of 500 million Kronen to Austria.

In 1922, in an effort to deal with post-war inflation, Chancellor Ignaz Seipel asked for foreign loans and introduced austerity policies. In October 1922 Britain, France, Italy and Czechoslovakia provided a loan of 650 million gold kronen after Seipel promised not to attempt Anschluss with Germany for the next 20 years and allowed the League of Nations to control Austria's economy. During the next two years the state budget was stabilized and international supervision over finances ended in March 1926. Austria's central bank Oesterreichische Nationalbank was re-established in 1923, a sales tax was introduced in 1923, and the Austrian Schilling replaced the Krone in December 1924.

The Great Depression hit Austria hard and in May 1931 the largest bank in Austria, Creditanstalt Bank, collapsed. To improve its economy, Austria wanted to conclude a customs union with Germany, but in 1931 this was denied by France and the countries of the Little Entente.

Austrofascism
Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss of the Christian Social Party took power in Austria on 20 May 1932, and moved the party and Austria towards dictatorship, centralisation and fascism, in part because fascist Italy was its strongest international ally against Germany. In March 1933, Dollfuss suspended the parliament, which gave him the opportunity to establish an authoritarian government without a parliament. In May 1933 he created the Fatherland Front (Vaterländische Front). While outwardly fascist, it was mostly Catholic and influenced by the papal encyclical Quadragesimo anno of 1931 which refuted liberalism and socialism in favour of corporatism.

The government was in competition with the growing Austrian Nazi party, which wanted Austria to join Germany. Dollfuss's Austrofascism tied Austrian identity to the Roman Catholic Church as an argument against a union of Austria with predominantly Protestant Germany.

Political violence escalated into the Austrian Civil War of February 1934, between Social Democrats and government forces. On 1 May 1934, Dollfuss created a one-party state, to be led by the Fatherland Front, with the proclamation of the authoritarian "May Constitution". The name of the country was changed from the "Republic of Austria" to the "Federal State of Austria". The flag, coat of arms and anthem were changed, too.

Federalism and the controlling powers of the Federal Council were curtailed, while elections for the National Council were abolished, its members nominated by four non-elective, corporatist-styled councils – the State Council (Staatsrat), Federal Culture Council (Bundeskulturrat), Federal Economic Council (Bundeswirtschaftsrat) and the States' Council (Länderrat), supposedly providing their best opinions on respective areas. In practice all legislation and appointments were exercised from above by the Federal Chancellor's and President's decree.

The state took complete control of employer–employee relations, known as Ständestaat, and began to crack down on pro-Nazi and pro–German-unification sympathizers. The Nazis responded by assassinating Engelbert Dollfuss during the July Putsch of 25 July 1934 (see Maiverfassung 1934).

This assassination by the Austrian Nazis infuriated Austria's neighbour Fascist Italy under dictator Benito Mussolini. Fascist Italy had good relations with Austria under Dollfuss and Mussolini suspected German involvement and promised the Austrofascist regime military support if Germany were to invade, as the Nazis had claims on Italian-administered Tyrol. Italy's support helped save Austria from potential annexation in 1934.

The successor to Dollfuss, Kurt Schuschnigg, maintained the ban on Nazi activities, but also banned Austria's national paramilitary force, the Heimwehr, in 1936.

title: First Austrian Republic


text:
1899 New Zealand general election

The 1899 New Zealand general election was held on 6 and 19 December in the European and Māori electorates, respectively, to elect 74 MPs to the 14th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The election was again won by the Liberal Party, and Richard Seddon remained Prime Minister.

1896 electoral redistribution
The last electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1896 for the, and the same electorates were used again. 34 seats were located in the North Island, 36 were in the South Island, and the remaining four were Māori electorates. Since the 1890 electoral redistribution, the four main centres had electorates with three seats each.

The election
The 1899 election was held on Wednesday, 6 December in the general electorates, and on Tuesday, 19 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 74 MPs to the 14th Parliament. A total number of 373,744 (77.6%) voters turned out to vote. In three electorates there was only one candidate, and they were thus returned unopposed. Two of those were Liberal candidates: Richard Seddon in the electorate, and John McKenzie in the  electorate. The third was an opposition representative, William Russell, who stood in the electorate.

Two candidates died during the election campaign. A third, Henry Augustus Field, died two days after having been re-elected in the electorate.

Party totals
The following table gives party strengths and vote distribution according to Wilson (1985), who records Maori representatives as Independents prior to the.

Electorate results
Seventy-four MPs were elected across sixty-two single-member, and four three-member electorates. The table below show the results of the 1899 general election:

Key

|colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | General electorates

| rowspan=3 | Auckland, City of | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Thomas Thompson | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | William Joseph Napier | style="text-align:right;" | 1,440 | rowspan=3 style="background-color:;" | | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | James Job Holland | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | James Job Holland | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | William Crowther | style="text-align:right;" | 938 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | William Crowther | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | George Fowlds | style="text-align:right;" | 94

| rowspan=3 | Christchurch, City of | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Charles Lewis | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | William Whitehouse Collins | style="text-align:right;" | 1,760 | rowspan=3 style="background-color:;" | | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | Tommy Taylor | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | George Smith | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Charles Lewis | style="text-align:right;" | 418 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Tommy Taylor | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Harry Ell | style="text-align:right;" | 221

| rowspan=3 | Dunedin, City of | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Alexander Sligo | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | John A. Millar | style="text-align:right;" | 2,319 | rowspan=3 style="background-color:;" | | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | Scobie Mackenzie | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | John A. Millar | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | James Arnold | style="text-align:right;" | 1,564 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Scobie Mackenzie | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Alfred Richard Barclay | style="text-align:right;" | 637

| rowspan=3 | Wellington, City of | style="background-color:;" | | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | John Hutcheson | style="text-align:right;" | 1,116 | rowspan=3 style="background-color:;" | | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | Kennedy Macdonald | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Robert Stout | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Arthur Atkinson | style="text-align:right;" | 383 | style="background-color:;" | | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | George Fisher | style="text-align:right;" | 122

|colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | Māori electorates

Table footnotes:
 * }

title: 1899 New Zealand general election


text:
User:Project2501a/Soft-eng-hw

Hey there! I got a couple of questions for my software engineering homework but I can't seem to find an answer. Could you please give me a hand? The questions are from Ian Summerville's "Software Engineering, 6th Edition". These are the questions: 1) Using reported instances of project problems in the literature, list management difficulties which occurred in these failed programming projects (Start with Brook's book "The Mythical Man-Month", as suggested in Further Reading.) 2) In addition to the figure bellow, identify six other possible risks which are likely to arise in software projects.

title: User:Project2501a/Soft-eng-hw


text:
1902 New Zealand general election

The 1902 New Zealand general election was held on Tuesday, 25 November, in the general electorates, and on Monday, 22 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 15th session of the New Zealand Parliament. A total number of 415,789 (76.7%) voters turned out to vote.

The Rev Frank Isitt was nominated as the Prohibitionist candidate for ten separate electorates, and came second in eight. Another candidate, David Whyte, was nominated for two. Both men stood to ensure that a local liquor licensing poll was held in each electorate for which they were nominated.

1902 electoral redistribution
The Representation Act 1900 had increased the membership of the House of Representatives from general electorates 70 to 76, and this was implemented through the 1902 electoral redistribution. In 1902, changes to the country quota affected the three-member electorates in the four main centres. The tolerance between electorates was increased to ±1,250 so that the Representation Commissions (since 1896, there had been separate commissions for the North and South Islands) could take greater account of communities of interest. These changes proved very disruptive to existing boundaries. Six electorates were established for the first time:, , , , , and. Two electorates that previously existed were re-established: and.

This boundary redistribution resulted in the abolition of three electorates:
 * , held by Richard Meredith
 * , held by Thomas Wilford
 * , held by Thomas Mackenzie

Results
Frank Isitt, a Methodist minister, stood in ten seats as a Prohibition candidate, and came second in eight.

Party totals
The following table gives party strengths and vote distribution according to Wilson (1985), who records Maori representatives as Independents prior to the.

Electorate results
The following are the results of the 1902 general election:

Key

Liberal–Labour

|colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | General electorates

| rowspan=3 | Auckland, City of | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | William Joseph Napier | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Alfred Kidd | style="text-align:right;" | 934 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | William Richardson | style="background-color:;" | | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Joseph Witheford | style="text-align:right;" | 1,515 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | William Joseph Napier | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | George Fowlds | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Frederick Baume | style="text-align:right;" | 2,282 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Arthur Rosser

| rowspan=3 | Christchurch, City of | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | George John Smith | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Tommy Taylor | style="text-align:right;" | 899 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | William Whitehouse Collins | style="background-color:;" | | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Harry Ell | style="text-align:right;" | 901 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | George John Smith | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | William Whitehouse Collins | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Thomas Davey | style="text-align:right;" | 2,233 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Arthur Hughes Turnbull

| rowspan=4 | Dunedin, City of | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Alfred Richard Barclay | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Harry Bedford | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right;" | 1,321 | rowspan=2 style="background-color:;" | | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | Alfred Richard Barclay | rowspan=2 style="background-color:;" | | rowspan=2 colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | John A. Millar | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right;" | 3,775 | rowspan=2 style="background-color:;" | | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | R Chisholm | style="background-color:;" | | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | James Arnold

| rowspan=3 | Wellington, City of | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | John Hutcheson | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | John Aitken | style="text-align:right;" | 380 | style="background-color:" | | style="text-align:center;" | Patrick O'Regan | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Arthur Atkinson | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | John Duthie | style="text-align:right;" | 591 | style="background-color:" | | style="text-align:center;" | Arthur Atkinson | style="background-color:;" | | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | George Fisher | style="text-align:right;" | 1,921 | style="background-color:" | | style="text-align:center;" | John Findlay

|colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | Māori electorates

 * }

title: 1902 New Zealand general election


text:
Glyn Houston

Glyndwr Desmond Houston (23 October 1925 – 30 June 2019) was a Welsh actor best known for his television work. He was the younger brother of film actor Donald Houston.

Early life
Houston was born at 10 Thomas Street, Tonypandy, Glamorgan, Wales. He served in the army during the Second World War, and was briefly a stand-up comedian performing for soldiers during the war. He made his first film appearance in The Blue Lamp in 1950.

Career
In the 1970s Houston played Lord Peter Wimsey's valet Bunter opposite Ian Carmichael in television adaptations of several of Dorothy Sayers tales. His performance was praised in The New York Times. Later, he had a role as a literary agent in the 1980s British sitcom Keep It in the Family. He appeared in a number of films including The Great Game.

Other credits included 'Peter Ridgway' in 'Colonel March of Scotland Yard' Episode 'The Stolen Crime' (1956), My Good Woman (1973–1974), A Horseman Riding By (1978), Inspector Morse, It Ain't Half Hot Mum, Minder and Doomwatch, as well as the recurring character "Det Supt Jones" in Softly, Softly. He also appeared twice as different characters in Doctor Who — as "Professor Owen Watson" in The Hand of Fear (1976) and as "Colonel Ben Wolsey" in The Awakening (1984). He also played Brother Cadfael in a 1979 BBC Radio 4 adaptation of One Corpse Too Many. Houston had over two hundred television and film credits, dating back as early as 1950. Houston won a BAFTA Cymru special award in April 2008.

A highlight of Houston's career was his appearance at the concert to celebrate the opening of the National Assembly for Wales in 1999 along with other actors such as Ioan Gruffudd and Harry Secombe.

Personal life
Houston was married to the actress and model Shirley Lawrence and had two children. In May 2000 he unveiled a Mining Memorial in his native Rhondda at the Rhondda Heritage Park. He led the tributes to the thousands of miners who died and suffered during 150 years of mining in the South Wales coalfield. He released an autobiography titled Glyn Houston, A Black and White Actor in December 2009. Houston died at the age of 93 on 30 June 2019.

Selected filmography

 * The Blue Lamp (1950) - Barrow Boy (uncredited)
 * Waterfront (1950) - Sailor (uncredited)
 * Trio (1950) - Ted (segment "The Verger")
 * The Clouded Yellow (1950) - Lancastrian Bus Conductor (uncredited)
 * Home to Danger (1951) - Minor Role (uncredited)
 * High Treason (1951) - Railway Shunter (uncredited)
 * I Believe in You (1952) - Passerby (uncredited)
 * Wide Boy (1952) - George
 * The Gift Horse (1952) - Assistant Engineer (uncredited)
 * Girdle of Gold (1952) - Dai Thomas
 * The Great Game (1953) - Ned Rutter
 * The Cruel Sea (1953) - Phillips
 * Turn the Key Softly (1953) - Bob
 * Stryker of the Yard (1953)
 * Hell Below Zero (1954) - Borg
 * River Beat (1954) - Charlie Williamson
 * The Rainbow Jacket (1954) - (uncredited)
 * The Sleeping Tiger (1954) - Bailey
 * Betrayed (1954) - Paratrooper Corporal (uncredited)
 * The Sea Shall Not Have Them (1954) - Knox
 * The Happiness of Three Women (1954) - Morgan
 * Passage Home (1955) - Charley Boy
 * Lost (1956) - Bus Driver (uncredited)
 * Private's Progress (1956) - Corporal on Sick Call (uncredited)
 * Who Done It? (1956) - Arresting Policeman (uncredited)
 * The Long Arm (1956) - Detective-Sergeant in 'Q' car
 * High Flight (1957) - Controller Leuchars
 * The Birthday Present (1957) - Police Officer in Court (uncredited)
 * The One That Got Away (1957) - Harry 'Hurricane' (uncredited)
 * A Night to Remember (1958) - Stoker (uncredited)
 * A Cry from the Streets (1958) - Police Sergeant (uncredited)
 * Nowhere to Go (1958) - Box Office Clerk (uncredited)
 * Tiger Bay (1959) - Detective at Police Station (uncredited)
 * Breakout (1959) - Man in pub (uncredited)
 * Jet Storm (1959) - Michaels
 * Four Desperate Men (1959) (aka Siege of Pinchgut) - Navy Rating (uncredited)
 * Follow a Star (1959) - Fred (Steam Cleaner) (uncredited)
 * Sink the Bismarck! (1960) - Seaman on 'Prince of Wales' (uncredited)
 * The Battle of the Sexes (1960) - 2nd Porter
 * Circus of Horrors (1960) - Carnival Barker (uncredited)
 * There Was a Crooked Man (1960) - Smoking Machinist
 * The Bulldog Breed (1960) - Gym Instructor (uncredited)
 * How Green Was My Valley (1960, TV series) - Davy Morgan
 * Mill of Secrets (1960, TV series) - Douglas Wallace
 * Deadline Midnight (1961, TV series) - Mike Grieves
 * Payroll (1961) - Frank Moore
 * The Wind of Change (1961) - Det. Sgt. Parker
 * The Green Helmet (1961) - Pit Manager
 * Flame in the Streets (1961) - Hugh Davies
 * Emergency (1962) - Inspector Harris
 * Mix Me a Person (1962) - Sam
 * Solo for Sparrow (1962) - Inspector Sparrow
 * A Stitch in Time (1963) - Cpl. Welsh, St. John's Ambulance Brigade
 * Panic (1963) - Mike
 * One Way Pendulum (1965) - Detective Inspector Barnes
 * The Secret of Blood Island (1965) - Berry
 * The Brigand of Kandahar (1965) - Marriott
 * Invasion (1965) - Police Sergeant Draycott
 * Gideon's Way Episode: 'Fall High, Fall Hard' (TV series 1965) - Det. Sgt. Carmichael (his actor brother Donald Houston also appeared in the episode)
 * Headline Hunters (1968) - Gresham
 * Are You Being Served? (1977) - Cesar Rodriguez
 * A Horseman Riding By (1978, TV Series) - John Rudd
 * Breakaway: A Family Affair (1980) - Chief Superintendent Bert Sinclair (six episodes)
 * The Sea Wolves (1980) - Peters
 * If You Go Down in the Woods Today (1981) - Ticket Collector
 * Conspiracy (1989) - William Brain
 * Old Scores (1991) - Aneurin Morgan
 * The Mystery of Edwin Drood (1993) - Grewgious

title: Glyn Houston


text: Category:Vector graphics

title: Category:Vector graphics


text:
Richard Fortescue, 7th Earl Fortescue

Richard Archibald Fortescue, 7th Earl Fortescue (14 April 1922 – 7 March 1993) was a British peer, the son of Denzil Fortescue, 6th Earl Fortescue.

He married firstly, Penelope Henderson (d. 1959) on 24 October 1949. They had two children:

 * Charles Hugh Richard Fortescue, 8th Earl Fortescue (b. 10 May 1951)
 * Lady Celia Ann Fortescue (b. 30 December 1957), married David Adams and had issue.

He married secondly, Margaret Stratton, on 3 March 1961 and they were divorced in 1987. They had two children:

 * Lady Laura Fortescue (b. 1 May 1962)
 * Lady Sarah Fortescue (b. 1963)

Lord Fortescue married thirdly, Carolyn Hill in 1989.

title: Richard Fortescue, 7th Earl Fortescue


text:
File:DarkHorseCover.jpg

Fair use rationale for Dark Horse (album)

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright

title: File:DarkHorseCover.jpg


text:
1905 New Zealand general election

The 1905 New Zealand general election was held on Wednesday, 6 December in the general electorates, and on Wednesday, 20 December in the Māori electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 16th session of the New Zealand Parliament. A total number of 412,702 voters turned out, with 396,657 (83.25% of the electoral roll) voting in the European electorates.

Changes to the electoral law
The 1903 City Single Electorates Act declared that at the dissolution of the 15th Parliament, the four multi-member electorates would be abolished and replaced each with three single-member electorates. It was also the year absentee voting was introduced for all electors unable to be in their own electorate on election day. The first Chief Electoral Officer was appointed.

Accordingly, the multi-member urban electorates of, , and  were abolished and replaced with the following single-member seats:

Nine of these twelve electorates had existed before. Wellington Central, Wellington North, and Dunedin North were established for the first time.

Historic context
In 1905 a progressive faction within the Liberal Party started to form in opposition to Liberal leader Richard Seddon's policies. They announced that they would stand in the election as the New Liberal Party, however an accusation against Seddon's son, when disproven saw most of the dissidents return to the Liberal Party, and of the four New Liberals (George Laurenson, Francis Fisher, Harry Bedford and Tommy Taylor) that stood in the election only Laurenson and Fisher were returned.

The freshly created Independent Political Labour League also contested the election as a breakaway faction from the Liberals. It was the first of many steps of a gradual move by urban labourers shifting allegiance to an independent working-class political party. Previously, most workers had supported the Liberal Party, which since the 1890s had attempted to gain Trade Union support by appointing union representatives to the party's governing body. The IPLL did not perform well, gaining only 3,478 votes nationwide with no candidates elected.

The Rev Frank Isitt was the Prohibition candidate for several South Island electorates, and came second in two.

Party totals
The following table gives party strengths and vote distribution.

Electorate results
The following are the results of the 1905 general election:

Key

|colspan=10 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | General electorates

|colspan=10 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | Māori electorates

 * }

title: 1905 New Zealand general election


text: Portal:Spain

title: Portal:Spain


text:
Communalness

Communalness, as suggested by Robert A. Freitas Jr., is a level of an emergent phenomenon which originates from electronic sentience, and represents a broader mode of thinking than just normal consciousness. While consciousness is limited to the individual, communalness describes a complex organization of numerous individuals which on a higher level is tightly connected to each other. Such an organization would maybe have the same intimate awareness of its own existence as a whole as people have consciousness of their own bodies.

title: Communalness


text: User talk:4.228.90.229

title: User talk:4.228.90.229


text:
Fremontodendron californicum

Fremontodendron californicum, with the common names California flannelbush, California fremontia, and flannel bush, is a flowering shrub native to diverse habitats in southwestern North America.

Distribution
Fremontodendron californicum is found in numerous habitats across California at elevations of 1300 - 6500 ft, especially California chaparral and woodlands, Yellow Pine Forests, and Pinyon-juniper woodlands along the eastern San Joaquin Valley. It is found along the eastern San Joaquin Valley in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada in chalky, sandy, nutritionally poor soils; on the east slope Cascade Range foothills of the northwest Sacramento Valley and the Klamath Mountains to the west; the California Coast Ranges throughout the state; the Transverse Ranges, and the Peninsular Ranges.

It is also found in small, isolated populations in the mountains of central and western Arizona, in the Arizona transition zone-Mogollon Rim region, primarily in the Mazatzal Mountains and Superstition Mountains. It is also found from central to northern Baja California state, in isolated chaparral locales in the Peninsular Ranges.

Description
The plant is a flowering evergreen hardwood shrub or small multi-trunked tree, growing from 8 - 18 ft in height and 6 - 10 ft in width.

The 1 - 5 cm leaves are olive to gray−green, fuzzy and flannel-like, palmately to pinnately lobed. The hairs covering the leaves are easily brushed off in human contact, and can be a skin and eye irritant. The bottom sides of the leaves are distinct with a velvety brown coating.

The large flowers are 3.5 - 6.0 cm in diameter, a rich yellow, sometimes with orange, coppery, or reddish margins surrounding the base. Their blossoms are borne in great showy masses, and tend to bloom one at a time. Each petal has an attractive, curved shape that comes to a point.

Taxonomy
Fremontodendron californicum is one of three species in the genus Fremontodendron, the others being Fremontodendron mexicanum and Fremontodendron decumbens.

Former subspecies
Subspecies have formerly included:
 * Fremontodendron californicum ssp. decumbens — Pine Hill flannelbush: reclassified as Fremontodendron decumbens (R. Lloyd).
 * A decumbent and low spreading form, 3 ft in height and 6 ft in width, has yellow-orange flowers, and is endemic to the Sierra Nevada foothills, nearly all of the individuals of this subspecies are found in the Pine Hill Ecological Reserve in El Dorado County.  In nature it only grows in metal-rich gabbro soil, a red weathered soil of volcanic origin. It requires fire for seed germination, but as the nature reserve is near human settlements fire ecology is suppressed. It is a federally listed endangered species.

 * Fremontodendron californicum ssp. californicum — California fremontia: now reclassified as the species, Fremontodendron californicum.
 * Fremontodendron californicum ssp. napensis — Napa Fremontia: The current Jepson does not recognize this subspecies, using Fremontodendron californicum, but the form is different enough that it is horticulturally recognized by this name. It is typically smaller and more open in form than the species, with much smaller leaves and flowers.  It grows 6 - 15 ft in height and 4 - 12 ft in width.

Medicinal
As a traditional Native American medicinal plant, the inner bark's sap that was used as a topical remedy for mucous membrane irritation and for gastrointestinal upset, by some of the indigenous peoples of California. The wood was also used by the Californian Yokuts and Kawaiisu peoples as a building and furniture material, and the bark for cordage and for nets used in acorn cache holding and snare hunting. It contributed cultural significance as Indigenous communities utilized the flexible nature of the wood to craft hoop-and-pole game materials.

Cultivation
Fremontodendron californicum is cultivated as an ornamental plant by specialty plant nurseries, for planting in native plant, drought tolerant, and wildlife gardens, and in natural landscaping and habitat restoration projects.

Cultivated plants need good drainage, and no supplemental summer water when established. Fremontodendron californicum ssp. decumbens is the most garden tolerant of all Fremontia, and can also be used in large pots and planters.

Hybrids
There are several named hybrids of Fremontodendron californicum and F. mexicanum in the horticultural trade, they include:
 * Fremontodendron 'California Glory'  — lemon-yellow flowers with a reddish tinge, grows 20 ft in height by 20 ft in width. It is the winner of the Award of Garden Merit from the California Horticultural Society in 1965, and received a First Class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society in 1967.
 * Fremontodendron 'Ken Taylor'  — golden flowers with a darker orange outside petals in the spring and summer, and grows to only 5 ft in height by 8 - 10 ft in width.
 *  Fremontodendron 'Dara's Gold'  — golden flowers over a long period from late winter through early summer, grows 3 ft in height by 6 - 8 ft in width. A hybrid between Fremontodendron decumbens and Fremontodendron mexicanum.
 * Fremontodendron 'San Gabriel' — 10 - 18 ft in height by 8 - 12 ft in width, suitable for an espalier.

Etymology
Fremontodendron is named for Major General John Charles Frémont (1813–90), an explorer of western North America. Californicum means 'from California'. Dendron means 'tree'.

title: Fremontodendron californicum


text:
National Naval Aviation Museum

The National Naval Aviation Museum, formerly known as the National Museum of Naval Aviation and the Naval Aviation Museum, is a military and aerospace museum located at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida.

Founded in 1962 and moved to its current location in 1974, the museum has now been reopened to the public starting May 2023, after a temporary close in 2019.

Overview
The museum is devoted to the history of naval aviation, including that of the United States Navy, the United States Marine Corps, and the United States Coast Guard. Its mission is "to select, collect, preserve and display" appropriate memorabilia representative of the development, growth and historic heritage of United States Naval Aviation. More than 150 aircraft and spacecraft are on display, including four former Blue Angels A-4 Skyhawks, the Curtiss NC-4 (the first aircraft to cross the Atlantic), U.S. Coast Guard helicopters, biplanes, a K-47 Airship control gondola and tail fin, an aircraft that President George H. W. Bush trained in, and the S-3 Viking used to transport President George W. Bush to the USS Abraham Lincoln in 2003 (see Navy One). These historic and one-of-a-kind aircraft are displayed inside the museum's 300000 sqft of exhibit space and outside on its 37 acre grounds.

The museum also functions in coordination with the Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIRSYSCOM or NAVAIR) as the Navy's program manager for nearly all other retired Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard aircraft on display aboard U.S. military installations in the United States or overseas, or in numerous other museums or public displays. In a similar manner to U.S. Air Force aircraft on loan from the NMUSAF's collection that remain under official USAF ownership, these other American-preserved naval aircraft remain the property of the Department of the Navy and are typically identified at these locations as being "On Loan from the National Naval Aviation Museum."

The museum has a Giant Screen Theater, flight simulators, Blue Angels 4D Experience, museum store, and cafe. The Cubi Point Café displays squadron memorabilia from the closed NAS Cubi Point Officers' Club.

Emil Buehler Naval Aviation Library
The museum houses the Emil Buehler Naval Aviation Library. Established in 1992 with funding from the Emil Buehler Trust, it serves as a non-circulating repository for the National Naval Aviation Museum and is considered one of the richest sources of Naval history in the United States. The library's namesake, Emil Buehler, was an aviation pioneer who funded a philanthropic trust and education programs in colleges throughout Florida and the eastern United States. The library holds artifacts and special collections of items from people and events of importance to the history of aviation in America and naval history. The collection contains books, oral histories, pictures, manuscripts, technical manuals and about 400,000 photographs, many of which are searchable and organized. The library's special collections include a sampling of the earliest tales gathered by members of the Brown Shoe Project, who have compiled stories and histories of aviation squadrons that flew missions during the Korean War. It hosts commemorations such as the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon landing in 2019. The library holds Buzz Aldrin’s flight training records from the early days of his Naval career.

National Flight Academy
Adjacent to the museum and library is the National Flight Academy, a four-story simulated aircraft carrier housing over 30 networked flight simulators. Throughout the summer, more than 200 students per week (7th through 12th grade) from across the nation attend the National Flight Academy's 6-day program, designed to inspire attendees to pursue a future in STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics).

The museum is supported by a 501(c)(3) educational non-profit organization, the Naval Aviation Museum Foundation. Since 1966, this foundation has raised tens of millions of dollars to construct the museum, build exhibits, recover and restore aircraft, and develop educational programs like the National Flight Academy.

Practice demonstrations by the United States Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron, the Blue Angels, may be viewed from the museum most Tuesday and Wednesday mornings between March and November. These practices are weather permitting, and a tentative practice schedule may be viewed on the Blue Angels' website.

Captain Robert L. Rasmussen, a retired Navy captain, former Navy fighter pilot and former Blue Angels demonstration pilot, served as museum director for 27 years and reported to the Naval History & Heritage Command. Also an artist, some of his works are displayed in the museum. Captain Rasmussen retired as director in 2014 and was replaced by Captain Sterling Gilliam, Jr.

History
The museum was established 14 December 1962 in a cramped 8,500-square-foot building erected during World War II. It was dedicated in June 1963.

Construction of the current facility began in November 1972. The Phase I portion opened in November 1974 and was dedicated on 13 April 1975. The Phase II portion was completed in 1980, and the Phase III portion in 1990. In the meantime, it had been renamed the National Museum of Naval Aviation in May 1989.

The museum and some of its aircraft on display outside were damaged by Hurricane Ivan in September 2004.

In 2019, after a gunman killed three people and injured eight more at the air station, the museum and other National Park attractions were closed to the public.

In 2020, the museum was closed for seven months during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In 2021, museum officials were reported to be planning to reopen the museum to the public.

In 2022, discussions began on converting portions of existing roads to create a dedicated access corridor to the museum.

On 3 May 2023, the museum announced that it would once again be open to the general public after three and a half years on 17 May 2023. Visitors must provide a valid REAL ID or passport for access.

Collection
• Beechcraft GB Traveller

• Beechcraft SNB-5P Expeditor

• Beechcraft T-34 Mentor

• Bell AH-1 Sea Cobra

• Bell HTL-4

• Bell HTL Sioux

• Bell HH-1K Iroquois

• Bell TH-57 Sea Ranger

• Boeing CH-46 Sea Knight

• Boeing F4B-4

• Brewster SB2A Buccaneer

• Cessna JRC Bobcat

• Cessna O-1 Bird Dog

• Consolidated N2Y

• Consolidated PBY Catalina (Suspended)

• Consolidated PBY Catalina (Cutaway)

• Consolidated PBY Catalina (Flight Line)

• Consolidated PB2Y Coronado

• Consolidated PB4Y-2/P4Y-2G Privateer

• Convair C-131 Samaritan

• Curtiss A-1 Triad

• Curtiss BFC Goshawk

• Curtiss F6C Hawk

• Curtiss F7C Seahawk

• Curtiss JN-4D Jenny

• Curtiss Model F

• Curtiss NC-4

• Curtiss N2C Fledgling

• Curtiss P-40 Tomahawk

• Curtiss-Wright R5C Commando

• Curtiss-Wright SNC Falcon

• de Havilland Canada NU-1B Otter

• Douglas AD Skyraider

• Douglas A3D Skywarrior

• Douglas A-4A Skyhawk

• Douglas A-4E Skyhawk

• Douglas A-4 Skyhawk (Blue Angels)

• Douglas A-4 Skyhawk (Blue Angels)

• Douglas A-4 Skyhawk (Blue Angels)

• Douglas A-4 Skyhawk (Blue Angels)

• Douglas R4D-5L Skytrain

• Douglas C-117D (R4D-8) Skytrain

• Douglas R6D/C-118 Liftmaster

• Douglas Dolphin

• Douglas F3D Skyknight

• Douglas F4D Skyray

• Douglas D-558-1 Skystreak

• Douglas JD Invader

• Douglas SBD Dauntless (Underwater Display)

• Douglas SBD Dauntless (Midway Veteran)

• Fokker D.VII

• Ford RR-5 Trimotor

• Franklin PS-2 glider

• General Dynamics F-16N Viper

• General Motors FM-2 Wildcat (Quarterdeck)

• General Motors FM-2 Wildcat (Pacific Island)

• General Motors TBM Avenger

• Goodyear FG-1D Corsair

• Goodyear K-47 Airship Control Car

• Goodyear L-8 Airship Control Car

• Goodyear ZPG-2 Control Car

• Grumman A-6 Intruder

• Grumman AF Guardian

• Grumman C-1 Trader

• Grumman E-1 Tracer

• Grumman E-2 Hawkeye

• Grumman FF

• Grumman F3F

• Grumman F4F Wildcat (Underwater Display)

• Grumman F4F-3 Wildcat

• Grumman F4F-3A Wildcat

• Grumman F6F-3 Hellcat

• Grumman F6F-5 Hellcat

• Grumman F7F Tigercat

• Grumman F8F Bearcat

• Grumman F9F-2 Panther

• Grumman F9F-6 Cougar

• Grumman F9F-8 Cougar

• Grumman F11F Tiger

• Grumman YF-14A Tomcat (Pedestal outside)

• Grumman F-14D(R) Tomcat

• Grumman F-14A Tomcat

• Grumman HU-16 Albatross

• Grumman J2F Duck

• Grumman J4F Widgeon

• Grumman JRF Goose

• Grumman S2F Tracker

• Grumman TC-4C Academe

• Hanriot HD.1

• Hawker Siddeley AV-8C Harrier

• Hiller HTE

• Interstate TDR

• Kaman H-2 Seasprite

• Kawanishi N1K2 Shiden

• Lockheed C-130T Hercules (Fat Albert)

• Lockheed EC-121 Warning Star

• Lockheed KC-130F Hercules

• Lockheed L-10 Electra

• Lockheed PV-2 Harpoon

• Lockheed P2V-1 Neptune (Truculent Turtle)

• Lockheed P2V-7/SP-2H Neptune

• Lockheed P-3A Orion

• Lockheed S-3 Viking (ex-Navy One)

• Lockheed TV-2

• Martin AM Mauler

• Martin SP-5B Marlin

• McDonnell FH Phantom

• McDonnell F2H Banshee

• McDonnell F2H-2P Photo Banshee

• McDonnell F3H Demon

• McDonnell Douglas C-9 Skytrain II

• McDonnell-Douglas F-4N Phantom II

• McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet (Blue Angels)

• McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet (Tactical)

• McDonnell-Douglas RF-4B Phantom II

• Messerschmitt Me 262

• Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15

• Mitsubishi A6M Zero

• Naval Aircraft Factory N3N-3 Canary (Wheels)

• Naval Aircraft Factory N3N-3 Canary (Floats)

• New Standard NT-1

• Nieuport 28 C.1

• North American AJ Savage

• North American FJ-2 Fury

• North American FJ-4 Fury

• North American PBJ Mitchell

• North American RA-5C Vigilante

• North American SNJ Texan

• North American SNJ Texan (Cutaway)

• North American T-2 Buckeye

• North American T-28 Trojan

• North American T-39 Sabreliner

• Northrop T-38 Talon

• Piasecki HUP Retriever

• Project Apollo/Skylab Command Module

• Ryan NR-1 Recruit

• Schweizer LNS-1

• Sikorsky CH-37 Mojave

• Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion

• Sikorsky H-3 Sea King

• Sikorsky HH-52 Sea Guard

• Sikorsky HNS Hoverfly

• Sikorsky HO3S

• Sikorsky HO5S

• Sikorsky HSS/HUS Seabat/Seahorse

• Sikorsky SH-60B Seahawk

• Sikorsky VH-3 Sea King

• Sopwith F.1 Camel

• Stearman N2S Kaydet

• Temco TT-1 Pinto

• Thomas-Morse S-4C Scout

• Timm N2T Tutor

• Vought A-7 Corsair II

• Vought F4U-4 Corsair

• Vought F7U Cutlass

• Vought F-8 Crusader

• Vought OS2U Kingfisher

• Vought SB2U Vindicator

• Vultee SNV Valiant

Naval aviation museums

 * Aeronauticum, German naval aviation museum, Nordholz
 * Fleet Air Arm Museum, United Kingdom museum of naval aviation, Yeovil, Somerset
 * Fleet Air Arm Museum (Australia), Australian museum of naval aviation, Nowra, New South Wales
 * Naval Aviation Museum (India), Indian naval aviation museum, Goa, India
 * Shearwater Aviation Museum, Canadian naval aviation museum, Sheerwater, Nova Scotia.
 * Pacific Aviation Museum, US Pacific Fleet and Japanese aviation, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

United States museums

 * Flying Leatherneck Aviation Museum
 * List of maritime museums in the United States
 * United States Marine Corps Aviation
 * U.S. Navy Museum
 * National Museum of the United States Air Force
 * United States Army Aviation Museum

Other

 * A and T Recovery
 * R.G. Smith Award
 * List of aerospace museums

title: National Naval Aviation Museum


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title: User talk:130.91.181.69


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title: User talk:159.61.240.138


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User:Ilyanep/WPH

'''You may be interested in the WikiProject, WikiProject Holidays, a WikiProject that will focus on standardizing articles about Holidays. It has been around for quite some time, but I'm starting it up again, and would like to see some more members (and our original members) around the help out. Cheers.'''

title: User:Ilyanep/WPH


text:
Hymn (Ultravox song)

"Hymn" is a song from Ultravox's sixth studio album Quartet. Released as the album's second single on 19 November 1982, it reached #11 on the UK Singles Chart and the Top 10 in Germany and Switzerland.

History
The song was written by Warren Cann, Chris Cross, Billy Currie and Midge Ure and produced by George Martin. The cover art depicts certain symbols of Freemasonry, most notably the compass and the square.

The melody of the song was heavily inspired by The Zones' song "Mourning Star" (1977).

Lyrically, the song describes a time of corruption, in which "all that's good will fall from grace" and "Different words [...] have other meaning"; the protagonist expresses his worldly ambitions for "power and glory" in phrases from Bible ("the storybook"), especially The Lord's Prayer.

In line with this theme, the music video, directed by Ure and Cross, depicts a diabolical figure (played by Oliver Tobias) seducing men struggling in their fields (an actor, a politician, a musician and an office assistant, played by the four Ultravox members). After signing a contract, they all achieve success, though - as hinted at by the final scenes - at a cost.

Multiple synthesizers are listed in the creation of the track, including the PPG Wave, Minimoog, ARP Odyssey, E-mu Emulator, and Yamaha CS-80.

7" version

 * 1) "Hymn" [single edit] – 4:24
 * 2) "Monument" – 3:16

12" version

 * 1) "Hymn" – 5:46
 * 2) "Monument" – 3:16
 * 3) "The Thin Wall  (live 17 Oct 81 at Hammersmith Odeon)" – 5:54

Covers
The song has been covered by numerous acts including Cabballero (1994), Cosmo (1994), German electro project Music Instructor (1995), Supporters (1997), The Stunned Guys (1998), Edguy (1998), DJ Jaxx (2000), 4 Clubbers (2002) Gigi D'Agostino (2003 and 2020), Lunatica (2004), Tina Cousins (2004), Polish DJ Psychophaze (2005), Mägo de Oz (under the name "Mañana empieza hoy") (2005 and 2013), Raz Ohara (2005), Age Pee (2006), Trancemission (2006), Parasytic (2008), PROXIMITY (2010), Kirlian Camera (2011), Marnik & Danko (2018), and Lord of the Lost (2023).

title: Hymn (Ultravox song)


text:
Category:Esports teams

This category's subcategories list notable esports teams and clans by certain criteria.

title: Category:Esports teams


text: User talk:132.205.46.188

title: User talk:132.205.46.188


text:
Martin Secker

Martin Secker (6 April 1882 – 6 April 1978), born Percy Martin Secker Klingender, was a London publisher who was responsible for producing the work of a distinguished group of literary authors, including D. H. Lawrence, Thomas Mann, Norman Douglas, Henry James, Compton Mackenzie, and George Orwell. He began publishing just before the First World War. Secker lived at Bridgefoot House, Iver, Buckinghamshire. In 1935, Secker's original firm merged to form the new company of Secker & Warburg.

title: Martin Secker