text:
Talk:Hugh Walpole

Old Comments
Doesn't the discussion of whether Evelyn Waugh was a homosexual belong in a background discussion, rather than in the main article?

Moved from article:

Evelyn Waugh who wasn't homosexual but twice married. Evelyn Waugh? He was married twice and scarcely merits inclusion with this lot.

Waugh may have married and fathered children but then that has never stopped anyone from conducting homosexual affairs. Waugh wrote about homosexuality and according to some biographers conducted affairs with men. Does it make him homosexual, not necessarily. Does it merit his inclusion with other authors what he spent time with? Absolutely.

 * Calling it a "homosexual coterie" implies that all the people listed are homosexual. Waugh was not, by normal standards, a homosexual.   It seems to me that, assuming Walpole himself was gay, we should simply say that he was gay, and then mention his literary coterie without describing their sexuality. john k 13:23, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't worry too much about excluding Waugh. In 1975, the authorized biography of Waugh, written by Christopher Sykes, included details about his romantic attachments to men during his college days.  Waugh was particularly sensitive about these affairs because his older brother, Alec, had been disgraced and dismissed from college following a homosexual scandal.  In fact, Evelyn Waugh was careful to destroy sections of his diaries referring to his dalliances, though enough remains to establish that in orientation at least he was bisexual.
 * I understand this. It still seems like an awkward phrasing.  At the time Waugh was a member of this coterie he was married, no?  john k 16:13, 22 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Right, the line seems to be there merely to justify categorizing Walpole as gay. Maybe a better way to accomplish that is to note that when Walpole finally settled down it was with Harold Cheevers, a constable who had been revolver champion of the British Isles.  They were together until the day Walpole died. Their relationship is well documented in many sources. --Kstern999 16:33, 26 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Errr.... I have to say i completly object to this line: "exclusive homosexual literary clique in 1930s London"! If it were a group of straight literary friends, you would not see an equivlent line according a hetrosexual literary clique, thus i dont see the point in this line and its rather negative connotations. There must be a better way to phrase this line than its current rather negative slant. -- 82.46.237.197 (talk) 16:31, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

Death?
I've read that he died as a result of over-exertion during war-work.

Do we know anything about the duties he performed in WW2? 109.157.18.114 (talk) 00:56, 16 February 2013 (UTC)

Russian Medal
I suspect that Walpole's medal for bravery was the Cross of St George (4th Class) - see http://www.gwpda.org/medals/russmedl/russia.html - rather than the Times's "Georgian Medal" - that's certainly what Hart-Davis says (page 139 of the 1985 reprint), though he doesn't mention which class Walpole received. According to the website above two million of these were awarded, and successive acts of bravery promoted the recipient from 4th to 3rd class, etc. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Thomas Peardew (talk • contribs) 19:14, 15 April 2013 (UTC)
 * If RH-D says it, then I'd go with it. I am by way of being, though I say it, an expert on the Lyttelton/Hart-Davis letters so am very much pro RH-D. Tim riley (talk) 19:52, 15 April 2013 (UTC)
 * I've now changed this. RH-D points out that the Times obituary of Walpole (the original source for "Georgian Medal") was written by someone hostile to Walpole: p 420: "a venomous and belittling account of his life, full of subtle half-truths and suggestiones falsi, stressing his ambition, industry and sensitiveness to adverse criticism, omitting all mention of his passion for literature and his endless generosities to and encouragement of writers young and old, describing him as a "sentimental egotist" and openly claiming that he "was not popular among his fellow writers."Thomas Peardew (talk) 16:57, 17 April 2013 (UTC)
 * The obit was a disgrace. I have a copy of the full text if you wish to see it. Tim riley (talk) 16:59, 17 April 2013 (UTC) (Later: now sent. Tim riley (talk) 19:38, 17 April 2013 (UTC))

Hart-Davis books
A recent addition mucks up the referencing of this featured article. If the additional info is really wanted (v. doubtful, in my view), the referencing must follow the existing format, and all the citations to the H-D biography will need to have the year attached to them to distinguish them from the other H-D book introduced in this recent addition. I don't propose to undertake this very considerable task for an addition I feel is of minor interest, but if the editor concerned wishes to undertake it, I shall not demur. Other contributors to the article may have a view on the matter: comments welcome, naturally.  Tim riley  talk    07:33, 27 January 2016 (UTC)

 * I reviewed the addition about the 1952 biography. It is not of encyclopedic interest when the contract was signed, or even how long it took to write the biography.  If it had taken him 50 years to write the book, that would perhaps be of interest. It also makes little difference that, 60 years ago, the book was released some months later in the US than the UK.  Same with respect to how voluminous his research materials were.  None of this seems unusual or interesting. The biography of a famous person is likely to involve correspondence with other famous people. It strikes me as spammy whenever I read WP articles that say, so-and-so's papers are held at this library and that archive. So, in short, I don't think there is anything of encyclopedic interest here, and I agree with User:Tim riley that it should not be in the article.  -- Ssilvers (talk) 09:43, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Chipping in to concur: I'm not sure there's much need for the addition, but if there is, then it needs to stick with the consistent formatting. - SchroCat (talk) 12:44, 27 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Thank you, colleagues, for these points. Although I concur that none of the material added is suitable for the Walpole article, I think a certain amount of it could usefully be added to Rupert Hart-Davis's own article; as I have all three of RH-D's slim volumes of memoirs on my shelves I'll look further into that.  Tim riley  talk    13:08, 27 January 2016 (UTC)

Removal of deprecated source
An editor keeps removing a quotation from Peter Hitchens from the article on the grounds that it is tainted by association with the Daily Mail. The latter is rightly proscribed as a WP:RS for factual matters or reliabilty of quotations, but printing the relevant opinions of an eminent journalist is not remotely within the scope of the WP:RS consensus on the Mail.  Tim riley  talk   16:22, 15 June 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm bemused by the removal of an opinon by a journalist, as opposed to a fact or quote. There is no question of it being a misquote, or an twisted fact, so the removal is rather dubious. - SchroCat (talk) 17:12, 15 June 2020 (UTC)

 * Quite so. I could add more of Hitchens's views, if wanted, but I think his gist is clear to an intelligent reader from the brief quote we have already.  Tim riley  talk   17:32, 15 June 2020 (UTC)

 * As has been pointed out elsewhere by me and others, with Gerard, this is political. I'm sure all three of us here would agree that the Mail is perhaps not our first choice at the newsagents in the morning, but we'd be agreed, I'm sure, that an opinion is better than a fact, no matter where it comes from. I bet Gerard would have no problem at all leaving in a cite from Hitchen's late-brother during his early Marxist years.   Cassianto Talk  18:24, 15 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Well, be that as it may – I have never been sure which Hitch I am less a fan of – I used to block the Mail's website from my laptop while the paper was under the Dacre régime. Unspeakable! But, to return to the point at issue, the published personal opinions of a WP:NOTABLE Mail contributor – whether published in the Mail or elsewhere, have nothing to do with our WP community decision that the Mail is not a WP:RS – "generally unreliable and its use as a reference is to be generally prohibited, especially when other more reliable sources exist". The editor seeking to censor the quote offered a splendidly Orwellian edit summary: "low-quality tabloid source, not a notable critic, not an opinion that seems to meet WP:UNDUE, literally a post from an opinion blog - the writer having an article does not meant that every opinion he blogs automatically meets WP:ONUS, that would need to actually be shown". Goes to show how stupid all the peer reviewers and FAC reviewers were.  Tim riley  talk   18:56, 15 June 2020 (UTC)
 * I agree with User:Tim riley. The quote from the critic Peter Hitchens is WP:NOTEWORTHY in this context, and it doesn't matter where Hitchens published it. Let's not throw out the baby with the bath water. -- Ssilvers (talk) 19:08, 15 June 2020 (UTC)

The Mail on Sunday has been confirmed as covered by WP:DAILYMAIL at Reliable_sources/Noticeboard, unless and until there's a fresh RFC carving out an exception.

We went through the status of this source at WP:DAILYMAIL1 and WP:DAILYMAIL2. Please stop deliberately re-adding deprecated sources to Wikipedia, in violation of WP:BURDEN (twice now) - The burden to demonstrate verifiability lies with the editor who adds or restores material, and it is satisfied by providing an inline citation to a reliable source, which is not the DM.

If you really want to use the Daily Mail as a source, or carve out an exception for reviews or whatever, you would need an RFC at WP:RSN. Per WP:LOCALCONSENSUS, it's not valid to claim you can carve it out on a local talk page - David Gerard (talk) 22:56, 2 September 2020 (UTC)

 * You misrepresent the discussion and decisions. Please show me anywhere in any of those discussions that says that, e.g. theatre reviews by Bernard Levin in the Mail cannot be quoted but reviews by him in The Observer and The Times are perfectly OK. There is scope for common sense here, if you can find it within you. Best wishes,  Tim riley  talk   23:05, 2 September 2020 (UTC)

 * Consensus has determined that the Daily Mail (including its online version, dailymail.co.uk) is generally unreliable, and its use as a reference is to be generally prohibited. You seem to be assuming that exceptions exist, therefore your desired exception must be one - David Gerard (talk) 13:00, 6 September 2020 (UTC)

 * You are entitled to your interpretation and if you can get a consensus here that the passage of literary criticism quoted here is prohibited under the WP decisions about the Mail as a WP:RS I shall, of course, abide by it. What do other editors think of the two different interpretations of the rule here?  Tim riley  talk   13:58, 6 September 2020 (UTC)

 * You're still trying to carve out a claimed exception that isn't in the two broad general RFCs deprecating the source. If you want to carve out an exception, you would need RFC-level consensus at WP:RSN. If you don't bother taking it there, and instead keep trying to assert a WP:LOCALCONSENSUS, then it's hard to treat your claim as being serious. If you want me to take your claim seriously, you first have to show you take your claim seriously - David Gerard (talk) 14:03, 6 September 2020 (UTC)

 * You have made your views ultra clear; let us see what other editors think.  Tim riley  talk   14:06, 6 September 2020 (UTC)

 * If you mean other editors at a central venue for a broad general RFC - such at WP:RSN, WP:VPR or similar - then you need to start such an RFC. If you mean a local consensus on this talk page, then per WP:LOCALCONSENSUS, that cannot overcome a broad general consensus, as noted. You can't claim a local consensus to ignore WP:LOCALCONSENSUS either - David Gerard (talk) 14:53, 6 September 2020 (UTC)

 * Also, you do realise that unreliable sourcing is grounds for defeaturing - David Gerard (talk) 14:54, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
 * As to FA I don't greatly care. So disillusioned am I with the bullying and point-pushing at FAC that I, in common with two other editors with a large tally of FAs, have given up on FAC. We write (or in one case, alas, wrote) to FA standard as best we can and leave it at that. As to your litany of abbreviations most of them are completely unfamiliar to me (I have never been interested in Wikilawyering) but I am aware of RFC, and if you wish to take your desire to remove this quote to RFC by all means do so. I hope you will be courteous enough to let me know if you do so, and where I can see it, so that I can explain why I think you are misinterpreting the past decisions about the reliability of the Mail as a source. Best wishes.  Tim riley  talk   15:18, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
 * , Ah, Mr Gerard and his alt-left crusade to dismiss any newspaper that is slightly right-of-thinking as unreliable tittle-tattle. Although the source isn't great, it's an opinion piece and so reflects the thoughts of the author, who is reliable, rather than the source, which is also reliable, in my book, but one that doesn't fit in with Wikipedia's leftist agenda.  I would be interested to see Mr Gerard's reaction if someone were to use the Mail to reference the fact that "Monday is the day after Sunday".  Unreliable, Mr Gerard?   Cassianto Talk  16:11, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Well, Cassianto, my splendid colleague and friend, it happens that I am, as you know, a woolly liberal, as anti-Mail as anyone, and I agree effortlessly with the ruling that it mustn't be treated as a reliable source for fact, but I still think Mr. Gerard is misinterpreting the agreed WP line thereon. Let us see what one of those RFCs comes up with.  Tim riley  talk   16:25, 6 September 2020 (UTC)

The RFC said that Dailly Mail is "generally" unreliable. But here we have a reliable critic, so citing him is permitted under the RFC. To simply delete anything and everything that appeared in Daily Mail is robotic. The word "generally" in the RFC must *mean* something, and including a review by a well-known critic is what it meant. -- Ssilvers (talk) 22:07, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
 * including a review by a well-known critic is what it meant This appears to be surmise on your part. What parts of the RFC conclusions say that? - David Gerard (talk) 22:35, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
 * "This appears to be surmise" – if a source is considered "generally" unreliable that implies there are rare exceptions. I think it's pretty clear that that would include something like a journalist publishing opinion piece, otherwise, what could it include? Let's think about this logically, there's no such thing as an "unreliable" opinion, otherwise it wouldn't be an opinion... the article clearly states it as an opinion by introducing Peter Hitchens by name, and it in no way appears as some sort of fact. I don't see what the issue here is. Aza24 (talk) 00:58, 7 September 2020 (UTC)
 * You mean, "exceptions exist so I'm going to claim this is one"? What parts of the RFC conclusions support your particular exception? - David Gerard (talk) 08:39, 7 September 2020 (UTC)

 * As you are the only one here to hold your view, I suggest, again, that you raise your concern at an RFC. If it turns out that everyone else on this page is wrong and you are right I am sure we will all cheerfully abide by the RFC's decision on this case. Do please remember to notify everyone here when you table the request. Best wishes,  Tim riley  talk   08:46, 7 September 2020 (UTC)

 * I am sure we will all cheerfully abide by the RFC's decision on this case. Good to hear that. Removing per RFC - David Gerard (talk) 13:46, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

What decision? I am not aware of any RFC here.  Tim riley  talk   13:59, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
 * I have now followed that link (nice of you to keep it secret here until now) and see no evidence to support your assertion. Am I missing something?  Tim riley  talk   14:01, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

 * You were waiting on the deprecation of the Mail on Sunday, it's in your words that are still on this page. That is literally the deprecation decision. The Mail on Sunday is not a source for anything, except in truly remarkable circumstances, WP:ABOUTSELF, etc - as a deprecated source, it isn't a source for WP:RSOPINION. As a deprecated source, the presumption is that it is bad, unless there is a specific exception in policy or strong guidelines. Reading that RFC conclusion, I'm not seeing a carveout. ("But I really like Peter Hitchens" wouldn't be one, for instance.) - David Gerard (talk) 14:04, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Insofar as I could make out what you were trying to say in the immediately preceeding comment, I found nothing to suggest that the RFC agreed to ban such a quotation as in this article. If it did, perhaps you'd point it out in plain words, avoiding Wikilawyerspeak.  Tim riley  talk   14:12, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Given this is literally a discussion of Wikipedia consensus, guidelines and policies, even if you don't seem to understand the words they all mean particular things in this context, and so you may wish to avail yourself of the links to learn what they mean, so as to understand the issue at hand. The RFC says: "Given the substantial participation, and the permissible basis for supporting deprecation, there is a clear and substantial consensus that the source is generally unreliable, and a slightly narrower consensus that the source should be deprecated." Deprecation is explained at WP:DEPS: "Deprecated sources are highly questionable sources that editors are discouraged from citing in articles, because they fail the reliable sources guideline in nearly all circumstances." There's more detail at each, outlining the exceptions. It should all be reasonably comprehensible to an experienced Wikipedia editor, without dismissing the very concept of discussing the issue as "Wikilawyerspeak" or affecting to require quite basic things about Wikipedia sourcing policy to be explained from first principles. That you claim not to understand the issue does not make it not exist - David Gerard (talk) 15:48, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

I'm not sure you are showing yourself up in a good light here. You go to an RFC without alerting anyone you fear may disagree with you, and you scatter suggestions here of bad faith on my part in "affecting" (your word) not to understand the torrent of verbiage you have spewed out. If you cannot, in plain words, point to a decision that the quotation is inadmissible I shall continue to view your views as unsubstantiated. Best wishes,  Tim riley  talk   16:25, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
 * If the above quotes aren't sufficiently clear, you may not meet the requirements of WP:CIR - David Gerard (talk) 16:42, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Another nasty swipe, and an own-goal I suspect.  Tim riley  talk   16:48, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

Removed the deprecated source once more. Under WP:BURDEN - which is policy - The burden to demonstrate verifiability lies with the editor who adds or restores material, and it is satisfied by providing an inline citation to a reliable source that directly supports the contribution. Given that the MoS is deprecated, thus prima facie not a reliable source, this means its addition or re-addition must be justified in terms of the exceptions noted on WP:DEPS. Adding a deprecated source without doing so is deliberately adding known bad sourcing to Wikipedia, and thus disruptive editing - David Gerard (talk) 15:58, 17 November 2020 (UTC)

 * A spurious argument and a misrepresentation of WP policy. Nobody denies that Peter Hitchens wrote those words, and that he wrote them in the Mail is a demonstrable fact, and nothing in RFC decisions so far says we cannot quote him or other legitimate lit or music critic who happened to write in the Mail. You'll have to do better than that to justify your obsessional activity. You repeatedly chicken out of putting the matter directly to an RFC. If you do that, we will all, even you, I hope, abide by the decision.  Tim riley  talk   16:06, 17 November 2020 (UTC)

 * The matter was literally just put to a long-running general RFC in the place for such; you insist on edit-warring against the consensus on the Mail on Sunday. I've noted the issue at Reliable_sources/Noticeboard - David Gerard (talk) 16:12, 17 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Hitchens is mostly known as a political pundit rather than a literary critic. Regardless of which news outlet he published it with, I would still say it's probably UNDUE. (t · c)  buidhe  01:18, 18 November 2020 (UTC)

Policy on this matter is given in WP:RSEDITORIAL: "Editorial commentary, analysis and opinion pieces, whether written by the editors of the publication (editorials) or outside authors (op-eds) are reliable primary sources for statements attributed to that editor or author". Sometimes people forget that a source is not just the publication, but also the author; per WP:SOURCEDEF: "The word "source" when citing sources on Wikipedia has three related meanings: The piece of work itself (the article, book) / The creator of the work (the writer, journalist) / The publisher of the work (for example, Random House or Cambridge University Press) / Any of the three can affect reliability. Reliable sources may be published materials with a reliable publication process, authors who are regarded as authoritative in relation to the subject, or both. These qualifications should be demonstrable to other people." In short, an opinion by an author who is regarded as authoritative in relation to the subject is in itself a reliable source. If the question here is "Is an opinion by an author who is regarded as authoritative in relation to the subject made unreliable by the publication source?" then the answer is no. As we tend to prefer our commentators on Foo to be experts on Foo rather than Poo, the true question for the use of the Hitchens quote in the Walpole article is "Is Peter Hitchens regarded as authoritative in relation to Hugh Walpole?" If he is, then all is fine; if he is not, then the quote is mere whimsy and the opinion is not notable (unless, of course, the opinion itself became the subject of discussion by reliable sources). SilkTork (talk) 03:41, 18 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Jprw added a quote of Peter Hitchens on 8 August 2011, David Gerard effectively reverted on 15 June 2020 and several times thereafter, including today 18 November 2020. As far as I can tell from this thread, buidhe and perhaps SilkTork agree with David Gerard, Tim Riley + SchroCat + Cassianto + Ssilvers + Aza24 do not -- and neither do I. David Gerard's claims about Daily Mail / Mail on Sunday RfCs are incorrect since we know that the closers of the Daily Mail RfC stated that there was no intention to exclude opinions. David Gerard's claims about WP:BURDEN are incorrect since we know that WP:RS says "Proper sourcing always depends on context; common sense and editorial judgment are an indispensable part of the process" (his WP:CIR remark is what I suppose passes for "editorial judgment" by his lights but WP:CIR is essay-class while WP:CIVILITY is policy). David Gerard's claims about WP:DUE are a bit strange -- why bring it up on WP:RSN when WP:DUE is a WP:NPOVN matter? -- but "more Mail on Sunday" WP:RSN discussion appears so far to have attracted net 2 more editors who agree with him. Thus, if the subject is Hugh Walpole, then David Gerard is at least violating WP:NOCONSENSUS because there was long-established status quo before his multiple bold edits, but if he claims that the subject is Peter Hitchens (who is alive) then we need a consensus to override him, and we only have a majority. Unless other onlookers would care to wade into this now? Peter Gulutzan (talk) 00:14, 19 November 2020 (UTC)
 * You probably need to post the above at WP:RSN. Per a broad general RFC, the MoS was firmly deprecated. A WP:LOCALCONSENSUS here can't override that broad general consensus. The WP:ONUS is on any editor wishing to add the MoS, and that onus has a high bar indeed The editor re-adding it has not only put in zero effort to meet this onus, but has reacted with personal attacks to being asked to do so (violating WP:CIVILITY) - David Gerard (talk) 08:50, 19 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Unlike the saintly editor who does not scruple at accusations of lying and incompetence, above. The Mail has no monopoly of bullying and distortions of the truth.  Tim riley  talk   09:34, 19 November 2020 (UTC)
 * I tend to think that the Peter Hitchens quote should be removed, not because it was published in the Daily Mail, something which is largely irrelevant as it is opinion and not fact, nor because it is wrong - I think it is largely a correct assessment of Walpole's current status - but simply because Hitchens has no particular expertise in this area. His list of journalism and publications centres on society and politics, not literary figures such as Walpole - and Walpole did not even write about political and social issues except tangentially. So it is not clear why this quote is adding much. Sbishop (talk) 11:54, 19 November 2020 (UTC)Sbishop
 * The Hitchens quote is a mixture of opinion and fact. PH is making factual claims about the views of James, Buchan, Eliot etc on Walpole. The depracation of MoS is due to its poor record with the facts, so we cannot be confident that one of their contributors is correct in their factual claims. There might be a case, as above that if the contributor was an expert on the topic this might give us that missing confidence. However, clearly PH is not such an expert. He was a foreign news correspondent up until 1995 and since then has made a living sharing his contrarian opinions on whatever topic he is interested in that week (climate change, drugs, conservatism...). Google indicates that he has mentioned Walpole in one article ever, in 2011, in a round-up of his holiday reading in his MoS blog. And, given that this is a passing mention by a non-expert, as per  its opinion content would not meet any criteria of noteworthiness either even if it had extraordinary features that outgunned the deprecation of the source. There is no reason for it to be in the article. BobFromBrockley (talk) 09:50, 23 November 2020 (UTC)
 * . For clarity, policy does not agree with David Gerard that opinions by reliable experts should be removed from Wikipedia if they appear in The Daily Mail. This is not me agreeing or disagreeing on that point. This is just me citing policy on that point. The real question here is if Peter Hitchens can be considered a reliable expert on Hugh Walpole. I passed no opinion on that as I know very little about Hitchens, though I did have a quick look, and it appeared to me that Hitchens is not an expert on Walpope, so therefore wouldn't be acceptable. But I didn't feel it necessary to comment on that, as I assumed people with some knowledge of Walpope and Hitchens would be able to take it from there themselves. SilkTork (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2020 (UTC)
 * When an editor repeatedly asserts a wrong story while making a huge number of edits, that should not be supported. For dueness I support the judgment of another editor who has worked on this article for years. You don't have to, and thank you for being civil about it, and I accept that currently there aren't enough supporters on this talk page for keeping the reference. Peter Gulutzan (talk) 15:22, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Thank you for that contribution, . It is reassuring to see such civilised and thoughtful views on the matter.  Tim riley  talk   20:00, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hugh Walpole


text:
Ronnie Hazlehurst

Ronald Hazlehurst (13 March 1928 – 1 October 2007) was an English composer and conductor who, having joined the BBC in 1961, became its Light Entertainment Musical Director.

Hazlehurst composed the theme tunes for many well-known British sitcoms and game shows of the 1970s and the 1980s, including Yes Minister, Are You Being Served?, I Didn't Know You Cared and Last of the Summer Wine.

Early life
Ronald Hazlehurst was born in Dukinfield, Cheshire in 1928 to a railway worker father and a piano teacher mother. Having attended Hyde County Grammar School, he left at the age of 14 and became a clerk in a cotton mill for £1 a week. From 1947 to 1949, he did his National Service as a bandsman in the 4th/7th Royal Dragoon Guards.

During his spare time, he played in a band and soon became a professional musician, earning £4 a week. The band appeared on the BBC Light Programme, but Hazlehurst left when he was refused a pay rise. Moving to Manchester, he became a freelance musician until he was offered a place in another band at a nightclub in London. Ronnie Hazlehurst worked at Granada for about a year in 1955 and (after he left there) worked on a market stall in Watford to make ends meet.

BBC career
Hazlehurst joined the BBC in 1961 and became a staff arranger; his early works included the incidental music for The Likely Lads, The Liver Birds and It's a Knockout. In 1968, he became the Light Entertainment Musical Director and (during his tenure) he composed the theme tunes of many sitcoms, including Are You Being Served?, Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em, Last of the Summer Wine (where he also wrote all the instrumental music for the series), I Didn't Know You Cared, The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin, To the Manor Born, Yes, Minister, Yes, Prime Minister, Just Good Friends, and Three Up, Two Down. He also arranged the themes for Butterflies, Sorry! and the first series of Only Fools and Horses. In addition, he wrote the theme tunes for the sketch show The Two Ronnies, the game shows Blankety Blank, Odd One Out, Bruce Forsyth's The Generation Game, and the chat show Wogan. His theme tunes often included elements designed to fit the programmes, such as a cash till in Are You Being Served?, rises and falls in The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin and the Big Ben chimes for Yes Minister. For Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em, Hazlehurst used Morse code to spell out the programme's title. During his BBC career, he composed the music for the opening of the BBC's coverage of the 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal. He left the BBC in the 1990s.

Other work
Hazlehurst was also involved with the Eurovision Song Contest and was the musical director when the event was hosted by the United Kingdom in 1974, 1977 and 1982. He also conducted the British entry on seven occasions, in 1977, 1982, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991 and 1992. In 1977, as well as conducting the British entry, he also conducted the German entry. To conduct the British entry that year, Lynsey de Paul and Mike Moran, he used a closed umbrella instead of a baton and wore a bowler hat.

He also arranged and conducted two singers' performances of their voice-overs for opening credits, Clare Torry for Butterflies ("Love Is like a Butterfly") and Paul Nicholas for Just Good Friends.

He also recorded some LPs and CDs with his orchestra including a 2-CD box set of Laurel and Hardy film music; his orchestra also backed singer Marti Caine on an album that was released on CD.

Selected credits

 * The Likely Lads
 * It's a Knockout
 * Comedy Playhouse
 * The Illustrated Weekly Hudd
 * Beggar My Neighbour
 * Cilla
 * The Gnomes of Dulwich
 * Harry Worth (series 4 only)
 * Me Mammy
 * The Roy Castle Show
 * That's Your Funeral
 * The Liver Birds (Series 1-5)
 * The Two Ronnies
 * Now Look Here
 * Are You Being Served?
 * Tarbuck's Luck
 * The Generation Game
 * Last of the Summer Wine
 * Look Mike Yarwood!
 * Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em
 * Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads?
 * The Tarbuck Follies
 * Frost's Weekly
 * Eurovision Song Contest
 * Happy Ever After
 * It's Cliff and Friends
 * Seaside Special
 * I Didn't Know You Cared
 * The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin
 * The Other One
 * Are You Being Served? (Film)
 * Citizen Smith
 * Rosie
 * The Boys and Mrs B (TV Movie)
 * The Val Doonican Show
 * Wodehouse Playhouse
 * Mike Yarwood in Persons
 * Butterflies
 * Blankety Blank
 * To the Manor Born
 * The Paul Daniels Magic Show
 * Sink or Swim
 * Yes Minister
 * The Marti Cane Show
 * Coming Home
 * Only Fools and Horses
 * Sorry!
 * Roger Doesn't Live Here Anymore
 * Three of a Kind
 * The Little and Large Show
 * L for Lester
 * Solo
 * Goodbye, Mr Kent
 * The Keith Harris Show
 * Then Churchill Said to Me
 * Odd One Out
 * By the Sea (TV film)
 * Wogan
 * Top of the Pops
 * Jack of Diamonds
 * Pinkerton's Progress
 * Sweet Sixteen
 * No Place Like Home
 * Potter (series 3 only)
 * Just Good Friends
 * The Magnificent Evans
 * Leaving
 * The Hello Goodbye Man
 * Comrade Dad
 * Lame Ducks
 * The District Nurse
 * Yes Prime Minister
 * The Les Dawson Show
 * Three Up, Two Down
 * All in Good Faith
 * Dear John
 * The Ritz
 * Wyatt's Watchdogs
 * Luv
 * The Legacy of Reginald Perrin

Later years
Hazlehurst moved from Hendon, North London to Guernsey in about 1997. In 1999, he was awarded a Gold Badge from the British Academy of Composers and Songwriters.

Music was Hazlehurst's life and passion (as well as his work) and he continued to work right up to his heart bypass operation in October 2006. On 27 September 2007, he suffered a stroke and, without regaining consciousness, died on 1 October at Princess Elizabeth Hospital in St Martin, Guernsey. Having been married twice (with two sons from his second marriage) at the time of his death, his partner was Jean Fitzgerald.

In popular culture
By the early 1980s, Hazlehurst's work had become sufficiently well-known to the general public that he was lampooned in a Spitting Image sketch (voiced by Harry Enfield and written by Ian Hislop and Nick Newman, with music by Keith Strachan) in which his career and music (including a fictional 15-second Requiem mass, in the style of one of his TV themes) was covered by The South Bank Show. The sketch was also included on the CD 'Spit in Your Ear', released in 1992.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ronnie Hazlehurst


text:
Kelly Coffield Park

Kelly Coffield Park (born January 19, 1962) is an American actress and comedian. She is best known for being an original cast member of the sketch comedy television series In Living Color.

Career
In 1997, Park had a supporting role in the short-lived Fox ensemble drama 413 Hope St. She has also appeared in feature films such as Field of Dreams (1989), Quiz Show (1994), Jerry Maguire (1996), Rhinos (1999), Scary Movie (2000), The Specials (2000), and Undercover Brother (2002; cameo appearance). She also starred in Bride Wars (2009).

Park appeared on an episode of the TV series Wings and on the Seinfeld episodes "The Chinese Woman" and "The Pledge Drive" as "Noreen," whose relationships with men were regularly destroyed by Elaine Benes. Kelly has also made guest appearances on My Wife and Kids and The Jamie Foxx Show.

Personal life
She married Steve Park, another former cast member of In Living Color, in 1999. They have a son and a daughter.

title: Kelly Coffield Park


text:
Army Moves

Army Moves is a scrolling shooter game developed by Dinamic Software for the Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, Commodore 64, MSX and ZX Spectrum. It is the first chapter of the Moves Trilogy and was followed by Navy Moves in 1987 and Arctic Moves in 1995. It was first released in 1986 and published by Dinamic in Spain and by Imagine Software. Dinamic Software also developed a MS-DOS version of the game, published in 1989 in Spain.

Gameplay
The game contains seven levels that are divided into two main sections. The first four levels make up the first section, where the player has to drive an army unit (jeep or helicopter) through a terrain, steering clear of hostile vehicles.

In the last three levels that comprise the second main section, one plays as a soldier who shoots enemies along his way. In level 5 the soldier must jump from rock to rock in a river, shooting hostile birds. Thereafter, the soldier makes his way into the enemy headquarters with the goal of retrieving secret documents.

Reception
Army Moves was regarded as a rather bad game on the Amiga – "almost non-existent gameplay makes this very poor value for money", according to a review in Zzap!. It received mixed reviews from ZX Spectrum magazines and was successful enough in Spain to spawn two follow-ups, Navy Moves in 1988 and Arctic Moves in 1995. The latter appeared only for the PC platform, and it included the first two chapters of the series, playable through a ZX Spectrum emulator, as an extra. A fourth entry in the series, Desert Moves was announced at the end of the game Arctic Moves, but never appeared.

The game music in non-Spanish versions is based on the Colonel Bogey March.

title: Army Moves


text:
Peter Rawlinson, Baron Rawlinson of Ewell

Peter Anthony Grayson Rawlinson, Baron Rawlinson of Ewell, (26 June 1919 – 28 June 2006) was an English barrister, Conservative politician and author. He served as Member of Parliament for Epsom for 23 years, from 1955 to 1978, and held the offices of Solicitor General (1962–1964) and Attorney General for England and Wales (1970–1974) and for Northern Ireland (1972–1974). Had he been appointed Lord Chancellor, as seemed likely during the mid-1970s, he would have been the first Roman Catholic to hold that position since Thomas More in 1532.

Early life
Peter Anthony Grayson Rawlinson was born in Oxton, within Birkenhead, on 26 June 1919; he grew up in Sussex. He was the son of Lieutenant-Colonel A. R. Rawlinson OBE, a figure in military intelligence and a screenwriter. He was educated by Benedictine monks at Downside, near Bath, Somerset. He read Law at Christ's College, Cambridge, where he joined the Cambridge Footlights. He was later elected as an Honorary Fellow of his college in 1981.

However, he only completed one year at the university, moving on to the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, on the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. He joined the Irish Guards in 1940. In 1943, he was wounded in battle while serving in North Africa and mentioned in dispatches. He was demobilized as a Major in 1946.

Legal career
Rawlinson was called to the bar at Inner Temple in 1946, just before he left the Army. He later became a Bencher in 1962 and was Treasurer in 1984. He joined the chambers of Walter Monckton. During this time, he also served as a libel lawyer for the Sunday Express. The first of his cases that came to public attention was that of Alfred Charles Whiteway, in the Towpath murder case in 1953, in which he was junior counsel, instructed by solicitor Arthur Prothero. He subjected the leading police murder squad detective, Herbert Hannam, to a searching cross-examination over 2 days, which exposed substantial gaps in Hannam's account of a confession by Whiteway. Whiteway was convicted and hanged, but Rawlinson was instructed in other well-known cases.

He was also a junior counsel in the unsuccessful defence of Peter Wildeblood, tried with Edward Montagu and Michael Pitt-Rivers for gross indecency in 1954. A year later in 1955, he was junior counsel for Melford Stevenson in the defence of Ruth Ellis, who was hanged. He also acted in defence of General Anders in a libel case. He took silk in 1959, and joined the chambers of Gerald Gardiner. He was Recorder of Salisbury from 1961 to 1962, and Recorder of Kingston upon Thames from 1975 to 2002. He was Leader of the Western Circuit from 1975 to 1982.

Political career
A member of the Conservative Party, he stood as a Parliamentary candidate for Hackney South in the 1951 general election, losing in a landslide to the Labour incumbent, Herbert Butler. He was elected in the 1955 general election for the safe Conservative seat of Epsom, and held the seat   until it was abolished at the February 1974 general election. He was re-elected for the new Epsom and Ewell seat, which he held until his ennoblement in 1978.

He was appointed Solicitor-General by Harold Macmillan in June 1962, following the Night of the Long Knives, receiving the customary knighthood, and served through the prosecution of the spy John Vassall (and subsequent resignation of a junior minister, Tam Galbraith) and the Profumo affair, in which his offer to resign was declined.

He was sworn of the Privy Council in the 1964 New Year Honours, and remained on the front benches in opposition, after the government lost the 1964 general election, but returned to the back benches after unsuccessfully supporting Reginald Maudling as new party leader. From the back benches, he led the opposition to the abolition of the death penalty. He served as Attorney General during the government of Edward Heath, from 1970 to 1974. Unusually, he conducted many prosecutions in person, including that of the Hosein brothers for kidnapping and murdering Muriel McKay (whom they had mistaken for Rupert Murdoch's wife).

He appeared before the House of Lords, arguing that The Times was in contempt of court in publishing details of the cases involving thalidomide, which drew the ire, in particular, of Bernard Levin, who wrote that he appeared to want the law to be administered in private. He also prosecuted IRA members for bombings in London and Aldershot. In 1972, when the Stormont Parliament was suspended, he also became Attorney General for Northern Ireland, and so was called to the bar and became a QC in Northern Ireland that year. He was a target of the Angry Brigade, which attempted to bomb his house several times.

Retirement
He retired from the House of Commons in 1978, and was created a life peer on 17 April 1978 as Baron Rawlinson of Ewell, of Ewell in the County of Surrey. He harboured hopes of being appointed Lord Chancellor or Lord Chief Justice (the law having been changed in 1974 to permit a Roman Catholic to take the former position, widely seen at the time as a measure to permit Rawlinson to take the job) but his politics diverged from those of the new Conservative leader, Margaret Thatcher, and he was never offered either position. In the Lords, he supported restrictions on abortion and divorce. He voted against the introduction of conditional fees in 1990.

After retiring he defended the Daily Mail in a libel action brought by the Unification Church in 1980, and retired from practice at the bar in 1985, but was President of the Senate of Inns of Court and the Bar from 1986 to 1987. He was also an Honorary Member of the American Bar Association, and an Honorary Fellow of the American College Trial Lawyers. In retirement, he lived in an apartment within New Wardour Castle.

Other interests
Rawlinson was also an author, having published a book of poetry in 1943, his autobiography in 1989, books on themes inspired by his Catholic faith, and several novels on legal themes; one, Hatred and Contempt, won the Rumpole Award. He also wrote a 1987 documentary series for BBC Radio 3 called The Jesuits.

He was a member of White's and the Marylebone Cricket Club, the vice-president of the Royal Automobile Club, and president of the Friends of London Oratory from 1980 to 1995. He was also a director of Daily Telegraph plc. He enjoyed landscape painting and the theatre.

Personal life and death
In 1940, Rawlinson married Haidee Kavanagh; they had three children, and their marriage was annulled in 1954. Later that year, he married Elaine Dominguez, an American citizen from Newport, Rhode Island; they had three children. His second wife was his first cousin, their mothers being daughters of Sir Henry Grayson.

Rawlinson died on 28 June 2006, at the age of 87, near Avignon, France, where he was on holiday.

Publications
Sources:
 * War Poems and Poetry 1943
 * Public Duty and Personal Faith - the example of Thomas More 1978
 * A Price Too High (autobiography) 1989
 * The Jesuit Factor 1990
 * The Colombia Syndicate (novel) 1991
 * Hatred and Contempt (novel) 1992
 * His Brother's Keeper (novel) 1993
 * Indictment for Murder (novel) 1994
 * The Caverel Claim (novel) 1998
 * The Richmond Diary (novel) 2001
 * A Relic of War (novel) 2004


text:
Rolls-Royce Buzzard

The Rolls-Royce Buzzard is a British piston aero engine of 36.7 L capacity that produced about 800 hp. Designed and built by Rolls-Royce Limited it is a V12 engine of 6 in bore and 6.6 in stroke. Only 100 were made. A further development was the Rolls-Royce R engine. The Buzzard was developed by scaling-up the Rolls-Royce Kestrel Engine.

Variants
List from Lumsden.
 * Buzzard IMS, (H.XIMS)
 * (1927), Maximum power 955 hp, nine engines produced at Derby.

 * Buzzard IIMS, (H.XIIMS)
 * (1932-33), Maximum power 955 hp, reduced propeller drive ratio (0.553:1), 69 engines produced at Derby.

 * Buzzard IIIMS, (H.XIVMS)
 * (1931-33), Maximum power 937 hp, further reduced propeller drive ratio (0.477:1), 22 engines produced at Derby.

Applications

 * Blackburn Iris Mark V
 * Blackburn M.1/30
 * Blackburn Perth
 * Handley Page H.P.46
 * Kawanishi H3K
 * Short Sarafand
 * Vickers Type 207

title: Rolls-Royce Buzzard


text:
National Socialist Action Party

The National Socialist Action Party (sometimes called the National Socialist Action Group) was a minor British neo-Nazi political party in the early 1980s. It gained notoriety due to its violent rhetoric and because of several exposés regarding the group's stockpiling of weapons and its plans for armed attacks.

Origins
The NSAP was the brainchild of Tony Malski, who had been an organiser for the British Movement in London and who during the struggle for leadership of that group between Michael McLaughlin and Ray Hill had sided with Hill. Malski had been involved with the Campaign for Nationalist Unity, a John Tyndall-led initiative that involved elements of the British Movement along with his own New National Front and groups such as the Constitutional Movement and British Democratic Party. This group formed the basis of the British National Party in 1982, although Malski did not join that party.

From early on, Malski supported the use of force, and in 1981 at a meeting of far right activists he claimed that he had a stockpile of weapons hidden near his home in South Oxhey, Watford which he had seized during a raid on a nearby Territorial Army (TA) base. Malski himself had been a TA member and his house was searched for weapons on a number of occasions by Special Branch. Feeling that the British Movement did not match up to his militancy, Malski broke from them in mid 1982 and, along with his deputy Phil Kersey, established the NSAP.

Development
The programme of the NSAP was based entirely on Nazism. The new party had a military-style structure with fifteen separate ranks awarded to party members at various levels, as well as four sub movements, the "Black Wolves", youth, women and "workforce". Malski's devotion to militarism earned him the mocking nickname of "the Field Marshal" amongst far right activists not associated with his fringe party. Given that the NSAP had less than a hundred members, these military-style ranks seemed somewhat spurious.

However, the NSAP did enjoy a close relationship with the influential League of St George, which published the NSAP's glossy magazine The European, and Malski maintained that it was committed to direct action. An early letter sent to all party members stated that they should "support any action of paramilitary groups which come to the rescue of our so much corrupt and infested country". The European similarly endorsed paramilitarism and claimed that an "effective paramilitary army" was being trained by the NSAP.

The militancy of the NSAP attracted press attention, and on more than one occasion articles appeared after undercover reporters claimed to have spoken to Malski. For example, a reporter for Searchlight wrote that Malski had told him that he intended to send NSAP fighters into riot-hit cities to foment discontent, and that he had links to the Edelweiss Group, a paramilitary training operation run by Column 88 founder Ian Souter Clarence. This report was followed by one in the News of the World in which Malski was quoted as having told their undercover reporter that the NSAP had a number of arms and ammunitions dumps. Such revelations led to Labour Party MP Joan Lestor calling for the Department of Public Prosecutions to investigate the activities of the NSAP, although ultimately they decided not to do so.

Exposure
Ray Hill, with whom Malski was long acquainted, had become a "mole" within the far right and had agreed to co-operate with Dutch-Israeli film-maker Ludi Boeken on a documentary for Channel 4, part of which was to include an exposé on the activities of the NSAP. To this end Hill arranged to meet Malski and Kersey in a London pub in October 1983, ostensibly to discuss a meeting Hill had earlier held with Yann Tran Long, a French-Vietnamese arms dealer who maintained a wide circle of contacts within the far right across Europe. This meeting was filmed with a hidden camera and during it Malski claimed that the NSAP had around 1000 members and that members were regularly undertaking military-style training in a local gun club.

Malski also discussed his arrest by Special Branch in 1981 when he was preparing to travel to France to pick up detonators for explosive devices. This had been as part of an earlier plot that Malski had been involved with, along with Yann Tran Long and Alex Oumow of the Faisceaux Nationalistes Européens, and which was to plant a bomb at that year's Notting Hill Carnival. Hill had been privy to the discussions about this initial plot and had informed Searchlight about it before it could be carried out. Malski was filmed telling Hill that he believed the plot had been disrupted by a high-ranking informer within the British far right, although he pointed the finger at Anthony Hancock rather than at Hill.

Malski also told Hill that he had discovered the secret offices of Searchlight and published their address in The European (although the address published had actually been London Transport offices) as well as the details of the News of the World journalist who had written about the party. He further claimed that nine of the leading members of the NSAP were Oxbridge graduates and that an NSAP attack squad had cleared the way for a recent BNP march by attacking and defeating all the protesters. Hill subsequently rejected most of this as fantasy, but vouched for some other claims, notably that the NSAP was working closely with Ian Souter Clarence and that he and Oumow were receiving funding from the wealthy Spanish group CEDADE. The footage of Malski and Kersey formed a significant part of the documentary, which aired in March 1984, during which Hill revealed himself as the mole.

Disappearance
Following the screening of the documentary, the NSAP ceased to operate and the name has not been used since although the party was publicly mentioned in 1986 when member Graham Paton was convicted of sending propaganda and a concealed razor blade to an anti-apartheid activist.

Malski, who was dismissed by many on the far right in Britain as something of a Walter Mitty character, has occasionally surfaced at meetings, including speeches by David Irving. In 2005 he was found guilty of racially harassing his neighbour, a woman of Pakistani origin. He has, on occasion, stood for election to St Albans District Council, as an independent. In 2013 he re-surfaced by contacting former NF associate David G.P. Williams of the Swinton Circle offering to speak for the organisation. The Swinton Circle declined Malski's offer, a rebuff which resulted in attempts to sabotage a musical concert being staged in Oxford by Robin Willow.

title: National Socialist Action Party


text:
French ship Mistral

Four ships of the French Navy have borne the name Mistral after the wind mistral. An auxiliary ship has also borne the name.

French ship named Mistral

 * FRENCH TORPEDO BOAT Mistral, an armoured Mistral-class torpedo boat
 * FRENCH DESTROYER Mistral (1923) - a Bourrasque-class destroyer.
 * FRENCH CUTTER Mistral (1977), a Tourmaline-class cutter.
 * FRENCH SHIP Mistral, an assault helicopter and command ship, lead ship of her class.

Other ships

 * Liane (DF 50), a service boat.
 * A fishing ship, Henri Cameleyre (1908) was requisitioned as a minesweeper during the Second World War. She was restituted in 1941 and renamed Mistral.
 * An auxiliary patrol boat of the Second World War also bore the name of Mistral II.

title: French ship Mistral


text:
User:Alexanderlrs

el:Χρήστης:*Αλέξανδρος

title: User:Alexanderlrs


text:
All the Right Reasons

All the Right Reasons is the fifth studio album by Canadian rock band Nickelback, released on October 4, 2005, on Roadrunner Records. It is the band's first album with former 3 Doors Down drummer Daniel Adair, who replaced Ryan Vikedal in January 2005. The album topped the Canadian Albums Chart and the US Billboard 200 albums chart and has sold 11 million copies worldwide. It is Nickelback's best-selling album to date, according to certifications from the MC, the RIAA, the BPI, and the ARIA. Seven singles were released from the album. The album re-entered the Finland Albums Chart in 2010, setting a new peak position at number 21.

All the Right Reasons was certified diamond by the RIAA in March 2017 and had sold 7.96 million copies in the US as of December 2015, making it one of the best-selling albums of all time in the US. In Canada, All the Right Reasons was certified 7× Platinum by the CRIA in March 2010.

Critical reception
The album received mixed to negative reviews, currently holding a score of 41 based on nine critics on Metacritic. However, Entertainment Weekly explained the album's success this way: "What if Nickelback's decision to let the music speak for itself is, ironically, their biggest selling point of all?" Kelefa Sanneh of The New York Times criticized the lyrical content of the album, referring to it as "another brash but sullen CD with more of the worst rock lyrics ever recorded."

Commercial performance
The album was the third straight No. 1 album for the band in their native Canada. It sold more than 60,000 copies in its first week, topping their previous number 1 albums Silver Side Up and The Long Road (selling 43,000 and 45,000 copies). The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 323,350 copies in its first week in the United States. In the United States, the album to date has sold over 8 million copies and was found again inside the top 10 of the Billboard 200 in its 99th, 100th, 101st, and 102nd weeks on the chart. The album had never been below number 30 on the Billboard 200 in 110 weeks, making Nickelback the first act to have an album in the top thirty of the Billboard 200 for its first 100 weeks since Shania Twain's 1997 album Come On Over stayed in the top thirty for 123 consecutive weeks following its release.

In addition, the album has spawned five top-twenty Hot 100 singles in the U.S.: "Photograph", "Savin' Me", "Far Away", "If Everyone Cared", and "Rockstar", making it one of only a handful of rock albums to ever produce five or more top-twenty U.S. hits. "Photograph", "Far Away", and "Rockstar" were all top ten singles on the Hot 100, making Nickelback the first rock band of the 2000s (decade) to have three top-ten hits from the same album.

In the UK, the album opened its chart run at number 13 before quickly leaving the top 75 with no top 20 singles, with "Savin' Me" being their first to miss the top 75 altogether. While being the band's smallest-selling UK album since Curb, it experienced, in early 2008, a resurrection due to the single "Rockstar" becoming Nickelback's highest-charting single ever in the UK. The album has now outpeaked its previous peak of number 13, reaching number 2 and has since been certified Platinum.

It was ranked number 13 on Billboard's 200 Albums of the Decade.

Track listing

 * Standard edition

 * Special edition

All the Right Reasons: Special edition was released on July 10, 2007. It is a two-disc set and includes a Nickelback wallpaper, as well as three live tracks and a remixed version of "Photograph" as bonus tracks. The bonus DVD includes four videos, a behind-the-scenes tour diary, and interviews.

 * Special edition
 * 1) "Photograph" (live)
 * 2) "Animals" (live)
 * 3) "Follow You Home" (live)
 * Wal-Mart exclusive special edition
 * 1) "Never Again" (live)
 * Special edition DVD
 * 1) "Photograph" (music video)
 * 2) "Savin' Me" (music video)
 * 3) "Far Away" (music video)
 * 4) "If Everyone Cared" (music video)
 * 5) Behind-the-scenes tour diary
 * 6) Interviews

Disc 2 (Live at Buffalo Chip, Sturgis, South Dakota, August 8, 2006)
 * 15th Anniversary Edition
 * 1) "We Will Rock You" (Queen cover - b-side of Photograph)
 * 2) "Photograph" (Acoustic - b-side of Far Away)
 * 3) "Too Bad" (Acoustic - b-side of If Everyone Cared)
 * 4) "Someday" (Live Acoustic - b-side of If Everyone Cared)
 * 1) "Intro/Animals"
 * 2) "Woke Up This Morning"
 * 3) "Photograph" (later released as a b-side to I'd Come For You in Japan)
 * 4) "Because of You"
 * 5) "Far Away" (later released as a b-side to I'd Come For You in Europe)
 * 6) "Never Again"
 * 7) "Savin' Me"
 * 8) "Someday"
 * 9) "Side of A Bullet"
 * 10) "How You Remind Me"
 * 11) "Too Bad"
 * 12) "Figured You Out"

Personnel

 * Nickelback
 * Chad Kroeger – lead vocals, lead guitar
 * Ryan Peake – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
 * Mike Kroeger – bass, backing vocals
 * Daniel Adair – drums, backing vocals

 * Musicians
 * Timmy Dawson – piano on "Savin' Me" and "If Everyone Cared", acoustic guitar (15th Anniversary Disc 2) on "Savin' Me" and "Someday"
 * Dimebag Darrell – guitar solo (sample) on "Side of a Bullet"
 * Chris Gestrin – organ on "Rockstar"
 * Billy Gibbons – guitar and backing vocals on "Follow You Home", "Fight for All the Wrong Reasons" and "Rockstar"
 * Brian Larson – synthesizer strings on "Far Away"

 * Technical
 * Ryan Andersen – digital editing
 * Richard Beland – photography
 * Zach Blackstone – mixing assistance
 * Kevin Estrada – photography
 * Ted Jensen – mastering
 * Joey Moi – production, engineering, digital editing
 * Mike Shipley – mixing on "Photograph" and "Far Away"
 * Randy Staub – mixing
 * Brian Wohlgemuth – mixing assistance on "Photograph" and "Far Away"

title: All the Right Reasons


text:
Talk:IndiGo

Fair use rationale for Image:IndigoAirlines Logo.jpeg
Image:IndigoAirlines Logo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 04:21, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

Pricing policy
The pricing policy section makes the article look more like an advertisement for IndiGo. So I deleted it. Adarsh Krishnaswamy 04:34, 20 August 2012 (UTC)

BinGo
FYI, there is a company in Sydney called BinGo that transports truck sized rubbish bins which a left for a while on the property of their customers. The name is a play on Bingo the game. Tabletop (talk) 10:10, 16 December 2013 (UTC)

Orders
Indigo converted 30 of their orders for the A320ceo to the A320neo (they now have 160); see: http://www.pdxlight.com/neomax.htm and http://www.airbus.com/presscentre/corporate-information/key-documents/?eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=36593 So please stop changing the number back to 130! SideshowBob7 (talk) 10:58, 26 January 2014 (UTC)

 * An IP keeps changing the ceo order to 40, as far as I can see Airbus say they have ordered 260 which includes the ceo order, the original order was 100 and they have had 90 delivered, that leaves only ten to go. So where did the additional 30 come from, presume the IP is being confused by the 30 (where these new or options?) that have been converted to neos. MilborneOne (talk) 19:10, 26 January 2014 (UTC)

They originally ordered 30 A320ceo together with the 150 A320neo family (130 A320 and 20 A321) in June 2011; see: http://www.airbus.com/presscentre/pressreleases/press-release-detail/detail/indigo-firms-up-order-for-150-a320neo-and-30-a320s/ and those 30 have been converted to neo last fall. SideshowBob7 (talk) 20:09, 26 January 2014 (UTC)

 * Thanks for that explanation, lets hope the IP user also understands, although another user has appeared to make the same wrong change! MilborneOne (talk) 20:44, 26 January 2014 (UTC)

Recent accident that took place
It has been seen that the recent accident that took place in indigo airlines flight are being removed by a user i request you to not to remove them as they are references from indian news channel — Preceding unsigned comment added by Arsh95 (talk • contribs) 15:18, 8 March 2014 (UTC)

 * The accident was not notable, just becuase it is referenced doesnt mean it should be included, brake fires and like are not that uncommon and nobody was fatally injured. Also suggest that re-adding it to the article without consensus after it has been challenged may be seen as being disruptive. MilborneOne (talk) 15:23, 8 March 2014 (UTC)

 * I agree with Milborne. Not notable....William 15:39, 8 March 2014 (UTC)

 * I have reviewed it and I agree, it is not notable. This is a common incident with no serious damage and no injuries. Also you just broke the WP:3RR and are liable for a 24 hour block for WP:EW. - Ahunt (talk) 18:26, 8 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Not only has this user carried on edit warring after a 3RR warning, but he then carried on warring from an IP address. An admin has now semi-protected the article which will at least prevent the IP socking. - Ahunt (talk) 12:18, 9 March 2014 (UTC)

 * Apologies for not noticing this discussion before adding it to the article. Though, I agree what you have said makes sense. -- ♪Karthik♫ ♪Nadar♫ 18:42, 11 March 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on IndiGo. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120414031422/http://www.hindustantimes.com:80/News-Feed/SectorsAviation/Surprise-Nearly-half-of-IndiGo-foreign-owned/Article1-823860.aspx to http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/SectorsAviation/Surprise-Nearly-half-of-IndiGo-foreign-owned/Article1-823860.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20131113113400/https://book.goindigo.in/skylights/images/html/IndiGoPlus.html to http://book.goindigo.in/skylights/images/html/IndiGoPlus.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 19:14, 11 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on IndiGo. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20130825083028/https://book.goindigo.in/skylights/cgi-bin/skylights.cgi?module=C3&page=FAQ to http://book.goindigo.in/skylights/cgi-bin/skylights.cgi?module=C3&page=FAQ

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 14:15, 13 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on IndiGo. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
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External links modified
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 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20160502124832/http://www.interglobe.com/about-achievements.html to https://www.interglobe.com/about-achievements.html

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indigo adress please — Preceding unsigned comment added by 27.251.94.18 (talk) 06:28, 5 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://www.webcitation.org/68s273hze?url=http://www.airbus.com/company/history/ to http://www.airbus.com/en/corporate/orders_and_deliveries
 * Added tag to https://content.goindigo.in/Corporate/faqs

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External links modified
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PC acceptances
This edit was acceppted by. It was unsourced, which means it was not supported by sources in the article, in a clear violation to a basic policy. This message is to let this editor know that the article has been PC-protected precisely in order to avoid these kind of changes, and that they contributed to the situation the protection intended to avoid, so please be more careful the next time you accept PC changes in any article. The edit has been reverted.--Jetstreamer $Talk$ 01:20, 25 July 2018 (UTC)

 * Hey Jetstreamer, my mistake accepting that edit. I will be much more careful next time. – Vistadan 11:23, 25 July 2018 (UTC)

Fleet figures
We need to work out the fleet figures, particularly the orders. Thoughts?--'''

Jetstreamer' $Talk$'' 13:42, 16 October 2018 (UTC) I have updated the fleet numbers with latest data. In service fleet comes from the website. Orders are 430 (from the source cited) minus the 56 delivered. 125 have been converted to A321neo.

Destinations
There are a total of 62 destinations Someone20111 (talk) 09:54, 18 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Where's the source supporting it?--Jetstreamer $Talk$ 14:11, 18 December 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 14 April 2019
IndiGo doesn't have just A321NEO on order, but all 149 more orders and 1 completed delivery of those are for the A321LR version IL 96 400 (talk) 23:53, 14 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Not an edit request whatsoever.--Jetstreamer $Talk$ 01:35, 15 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. ‑‑ El Hef  ( Meep? ) 14:56, 15 April 2019 (UTC)

IndiGo Airlines wiki page - Fleet
Hello! I hope you are doing fine.

I wanted to let you know that IndiGo is planning to induct four Airbus A321P2F. The airline is expecting to receive its first A321 by June of 2021 and start its freighter operations soon after that. I would highly appreciate it if someone could add this into the fleet section of the airline's Wikipedia page. (I would have done it by myself however I don't know how to do it and am just figuring out Wikipedia's editing side:sweat-smile:)

Source for this: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/pandemic-effect-indigo-to-induct-freighters-in-its-fleet/articleshow/82183050.cms

Have a good day! --Hari.shreyas08 (talk) 06:24, 11 May 2021 (UTC)

New logo
Hey I found a new type logo of indigo, that is in their website Check it out here. https://download.logo.wine/logo/IndiGo/IndiGo-Logo.wine.png And give suggestion for editingPriyanshudhalglt (talk) 06:05, 20 October 2021 (UTC)

Why InterGlobe Enterprises details are missing ? InterGlobe Enterprises has many subsidiaries such as InterGlobe Technology Quotient
Need to create a new page on 'InterGlobe Enterprises' Hexatron93 (talk) 12:51, 19 December 2022 (UTC)

 * Often there is very little in the way of sources about holding companies, but if you can find enough for WP:CORP then sure you can create the InterGlobe Enterprises article. You can note that blue link leads back here to this article. - Ahunt (talk) 13:35, 19 December 2022 (UTC)

Airbus A321-200
The two Airbus A321-200 of IndiGo are the cargo version Airbus A321-200/P2F. IndiGo does not operate the passenger version A321-200. The Airbus Orders&Deliveries document states, that IndiGo has two "A321ceo", because the document does not differentiate here into the passenger and cargo version. WikiPate (talk) 16:35, 10 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Do you have a ref for that? - Ahunt (talk) 20:12, 10 July 2023 (UTC)
 * https://www.airfleets.net/flottecie/Indigo-active-a321.htm
 * The only shown A321-200 are P2F – the cargo version.
 * IndiGo states its passenger aircraft types on its own official website:
 * "IndiGo operates the Airbus A320 CEO & NEO, the A321 NEO and the ATR 72-600 aircraft."
 * https://www.goindigo.in/travel-information/en/aircraft-and-routes.html
 * No A321-200 for passenger transport stated.
 * The Airbus Orders&Deliveries document shows passenger and cargo aircraft. Regarding IndiGo: Two stated "A321ceo" minus the two A321-200P2F cargo planes equal zero for the passenger version. Another example of a cargo plane in the document is the A330 of Wizz Air. WikiPate (talk) 20:35, 10 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Okay that is useful to cite. - Ahunt (talk) 20:39, 10 July 2023 (UTC)
 * The Airbus Orders&Deliveries document shows passenger and cargo aircraft. Regarding IndiGo: Two stated "A321ceo" minus the two A321-200P2F cargo planes equal zero for the passenger version. Another example of a cargo plane in the document is the A330 of Wizz Air. WikiPate (talk) 20:35, 10 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Okay that is useful to cite. - Ahunt (talk) 20:39, 10 July 2023 (UTC)

777?
Why does the fleet section not list the 777s they have flown since last year? Mirza Ahmed (talk) 21:45, 18 April 2024 (UTC)
 * No wet-leased aircraft in lists per WP:AIRLINE-FLEET-LIST.--Jetstreamer $Talk$ 01:00, 19 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:IndiGo


text:
Elizabeth-Ann de Massy

Elizabeth-Ann (Noghès) de Massy (3 July 1947 – 10 June 2020) was the daughter of Princess Antoinette of Monaco and Alexandre-Athenase Noghès. She was a first cousin of the reigning Prince Albert II and niece of Prince Rainier III. She was the godmother of her first cousin once-removed Princess Stéphanie of Monaco.

Biography
She was born in 1947 to Princess Antoinette of Monaco and her partner Alexandre-Athenase Noghès during the reign of her maternal great-grandfather Prince Louis II, Prince of Monaco, himself the father of Elizabeth-Ann‘s maternal grandmother Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois

Although Elizabeth-Ann was born out of wedlock, her parents married in 1951, thus legitimizing her, and placing her in line to the throne. Elizabeth-Ann could represent the Sovereign Prince of Monaco at official events.

She was the eldest of three siblings; the others were Christian Louis (born 1949) and Christine Alix (1951–1989). She was one of the four junior bridesmaids at the wedding of her uncle Rainier III with Grace Kelly.

Elizabeth-Ann was married twice.

She married firstly in Monaco on 19 January 1974 and divorced on 30 October 1980 Baron Bernard Alexandre Taubert-Natta (Geneva, 2 July 1941 – Geneva, 13 April 1989), and had one son:
 * Jean-Léonard Taubert de Massy, Baron Taubert (b. Geneva, 3 June 1974). He is the godson of Prince Albert II. He married in Monaco on 25 April 2009 Suzanne Chrimes. He has one son named Melchior.

She married secondly in London on 18 October 1984 and divorced on 28 March 1985 choreographer Nicolai Vladimir Costello a.k.a. de Lusignan (b. Lees, 24 December 1943). The bride was pregnant and together they had one daughter:
 * Mélanie-Antoinette Costello de Massy (b. Monaco, 18 January 1985).

She was well known for her charity work in Monaco. She was President of the Monegasque Tennis Federation and of the Monte Carlo Country Club.

She lost her place in the line of succession to the Monegasque throne upon the death of Rainier III, but remained a member of the Princely Family's "pool" of familial collaterals eligible to be selected for the Crown in the event of the extinction of the descendants of Prince Rainier.

Patronages

 * Vice-president of the Society for the Protection of Animals and Refuge of Monaco (1984).
 * Vice-president of the Canine Society of Monaco (1985).
 * Vice-president of the “Monaco Interviews on Energy Medicines” (1988), which became, the “Monaco International Interviews” (1989).
 * President of the Monegasque Tennis Federation (1992).
 * President of the Monte Carlo Country Club (2008).

Honours

 * 🇲🇨 Monaco:
 * MCO Order of Grimaldi - Commander BAR.svg Knight Commander of the Order of Grimaldi (17 November 2009).
 * Medal_for_Physical_Education_and_Sports_(Monaco).jpg Medal for Physical Education and Sports, Second Class (18 November 1983).
 * Medal_for_Physical_Education_and_Sports_(Monaco).jpg Medal for Physical Education and Sports, First Class (18 November 1999).

title: Elizabeth-Ann de Massy


text:
Øystein Greni

Øystein Greni (born 15 June 1974 in Oslo) is the frontman and chief songwriter of the Norwegian rock band Bigbang. Greni founded the band in 1992 and has been the only constant member since its formation. He has released eleven studio albums with the Bigbang and one solo album.

Biography
Øystein Greni is the son of Thor Sigbjørn Greni, singer and songwriter of the Undertakers Circus, a 60/70s soul band. In 1992, Greni, Erik Tresselt and Christer Engen formed Bigbang which has since established its position as one of the principal rock acts of Norway. As the only consistent member throughout the band's history, Bigbang's success is often attributed to Greni's skills as a guitarist and songwriter. In 2007, Greni and the band relocated to the United States.

In addition to his work with Bigbang, Greni also produces other acts. In 2003, he produced the EP debut of Latin performer Maria Orieta (Greni's fiancée) Buenos Aires via the Grandsport Records indie label. Greni is a former skateboarding champion, having won the 1991 European Skateboard amateur championship in Antwerp.

Studio albums

 * Waxed (1995)
 * Electric Psalmbook (1999)
 * Clouds Rolling By (2000)
 * Frontside Rock'n'Roll (2002)
 * Poetic Terrorism (2005)
 * Too Much Yang (2007)
 * From Acid to Zen (2008)
 * Edendale (2009)
 * Epic Scrap Metal (2011)
 * The Oslo Bowl (2013)
 * Glory Chord (2019)
 * Le Californie (2023)

Live albums

 * Radio Radio TV Sleep (2003)

Studio EPs

 * Girl In Oslo (2000)
 * New Glow (2000)
 * Smiling For (2001)
 * Not A Rolling Stone (2005)

Solo

 * Pop Noir (2017)

title: Øystein Greni


text:
List of New York Islanders head coaches

The New York Islanders are an American professional ice hockey team based in Elmont, New York. They play in the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The team joined the NHL in 1972, and won their first Stanley Cup championship in 1980. The Islanders play their home games at UBS Arena in Elmont. Jon Ledecky and Scott D. Malkin are the Islanders' majority owners, Lou Lamoriello is their general manager, Patrick Roy is the head coach and Anders Lee is the team captain.

There have been 19 head coaches so far for the Islanders franchise. The team's first head coach was Phil Goyette, who coached the team for part of the 1972–73 season. Al Arbour is the franchise's all-time leader for the most regular season games coached (1,500) and the most regular season game wins (740); he is also the franchise's all-time leader for the most playoff games coached (198), and the most playoff game wins (119). Arbour is the only coach so far to have been inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. He and Trotz are the only coaches so far to have won the Jack Adams Award as the NHL's top coach. The franchise has participated in the Stanley Cup Finals five times so far, coached by Arbour each time; they won Stanley Cup four of those times. Arbour, Terry Simpson, Peter Laviolette, Steve Stirling, Ted Nolan, Jack Capuano, Barry Trotz, and Lane Lambert are the coaches who coached the team into the Stanley Cup playoffs.

Coaches
Note: Statistics are correct through the 2023–24 season.

title: List of New York Islanders head coaches


text:
Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664)

The Battle of Saint Gotthard (Saint Gotthard Muharebesi; Schlacht bei St. Gotthard; Szentgotthárdi csata), of the Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664), took place on 1 August 1664 on the Raab between Mogersdorf and the Cistercian monastery St. Gotthard in West Hungary (today Hungary). It was fought between Imperial Army forces, including German, Swedish and French contingents, led by Imperial commander-in-chief Count Raimondo Montecuccoli and the army of the Ottoman Empire under the command of Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Paşa.

As the Ottoman army tried to advance through Hungary towards Vienna, they were stopped on the side of the river Raab where they were charged and defeated by the Imperial forces. As a consequence, the Ottomans signed the Peace treaty of Vasvár a week later, on 10 August. Even though the Turks were militarily defeated, Emperor Leopold signed a disadvantageous treaty which shocked Europe as well as the Hungarian magnates, leading to the later Magnate conspiracy.

Preparations
Ottoman dominance in Hungary began with the Battle of Mohács in 1526, which resulted in the conquest of most of Hungary by Suleiman the Magnificent. Meanwhile, the parts of Hungary that remained under Austrian control became known as Royal Hungary. Although the Ottomans had been in relative decline since the death of Suleiman I, Ottoman power saw a resurgence under the extremely capable Köprülü family who sought to destroy the Austrian Habsburgs once and for all. They found their casus belli when the Habsburgs supported a Transylvanian rebellion against Ottoman rule.

Transylvania had escaped Ottoman conquest during the invasion of Hungary and retained its independence by playing off of their powerful neighbors: Poland, Austria and the Ottomans. They recognized Ottoman suzerainty and paid a tribute to the Porte but were given political and religious autonomy in return. In 1658, seeking new land for his principality, Prince George Rákóczy II invaded Poland with his Swedish allies in the Second Northern War. After initial success, he was defeated by the Poles and fled back to Transylvania. On hearing about Rákóczy's unauthorized war, the Ottomans declared war on their vassal. It was not long before Grand Vizier Köprülü Mehmed Pasha (Vizier 1656-1661) defeated Rákóczy and conquered Transylvania. The new Transylvanian prince, János Kemény, fled to Vienna, seeking Austrian support.

Emperor Leopold I, not wishing to see Transylvania fall under direct Ottoman control, sent Montecuccoli into Hungary with his small army. Montecuccoli gave no direct support as he was severely outnumbered by the Ottomans. The Ottomans, meanwhile, completed the conquest of Transylvania and built up their forces in Ottoman Hungary. Leopold I, not wishing to face the Turks alone, summoned the Imperial Diet in January 1663.

The Turks failed to conquer the fortress of Nové Zámky six times, but managed to do so in 1663. It was made the center of an Ottoman province, the Uyvar eyalet in present-day southern Slovakia. Turks and Tatars crossed the Danube in strength in 1663, ravaging Slovakia, Moravia, and Silesia. They took 12,000 slaves in Moravia. Several Turkish divisions reached as far as Olomouc.

Diplomatic efforts
Although Leopold personally objected to Protestantism, he had to rely on his Protestant German princes to provide military aid. Even worse was the military aid from France, which was (and continued to be until the Diplomatic Revolution of 1756) Austria's nemesis. Despite numerous objections from some Protestant princes, help was not withheld. The League of the Rhine - a French dominated group of German princes - agreed to send a corps of 6,000 men independently commanded by Count Coligny of France and Prince Johann Philipp of Mainz. By September 1663, Brandenburg and Saxony had also agreed to contingents of their own. In January 1664, the Imperial Diet agreed to raise 21,000 men, although this army did not yet exist other than on paper. The Turks had declared war in April 1663, but were slow in executing their invasion plans.

Battle
Köprülü's army, which might have numbered 120-150,000, probably included some 60,000 Janissaries and sipahis, 60-90,000 azaps, akıncıs, silidars, Tatars and vassals and allegedly 360 guns.

Montecuccoli's army consisted of Habsburg forces (including Czech infantry and a few hundred Hungarians, approx. 2,000 Croatians) and forces from the German principalities, French brigades, a Piedmontese regiment.

The Habsburg forces: 5,000 infantry (10 Battalions), 5,900 cavalry (27 escadrons), 10 guns

The Imperial forces: 6,200 infantry (6 Battalions), 1,200 cavalry (9 escadrons), 14 guns

The Rhine forces: 600 infantry (2 Battalions), 300 cavalry (4 escadrons)

The French forces: 3,500 infantry (4 Battalions), 1,750 cavalry (10 escadrons)

Other forces: 2,000 Croat cavalry (out of this a regiment), Hungarian foot soldiers in Szentgotthárd, and Esterházy, Batthyány and Nádasdy regiment's, Czech musketeers and the Italian (Piedmontish) infantry regiment (commander Marchese Pio de Savoya).

The Turks renewed their invasion in the spring of 1664. They besieged, conquered and destroyed Novi Zrin Fortress on the Mura river in northern Croatia at the very beginning of July. Montecuccoli was still waiting for help to arrive, and this delay was key to the defense of Austria. In July 1664 the Imperial forces were assembled and set out for the River Rába, which separated the Ottoman forces from the Austrian duchy itself. If the Turks were allowed to cross, they would threaten both Vienna and Graz. Montecuccoli intercepted the Turks before they crossed the river but the division of command made effective deployment of troops impossible.

On 1 August 1664, Ottoman forces crossed the river near the monastery of Saint Gotthard and beat the Austrians back. Although initially plagued by disunity, Montecuccoli was finally able to convince Coligny and Leopold Wilhelm of Baden-Baden (commander of the Imperial detachment) to mass their forces and attack the Ottoman troops, who were reorganizing in a nearby forest. The attack surprised the Turks, who fled in confusion back to the river, a large number drowning. The confusion caused by the fleeing troops prevented Ahmed Köprülü (Vizier 1661-1676) from sending the rest of his army across the river and he instead retired from the field.

Ottoman casualties were heavy, significantly falling mostly on the elite corps of the army. Köprülü was left with an army of ill-trained irregulars and auxiliaries while Montecuccoli's casualties were light and mostly in the Imperial contingent.

Aftermath
Although many in Europe, especially the Croats and Hungarian nobility, expected the Austrian Habsburgs to finally liberate Hungary once and for all, Leopold abandoned the campaign. Many have criticized him for this decision (both in the past and the present). Although Montecuccoli's army was largely intact, there was no interest among the allies to liberate Hungary. Any invasion of Hungary would undoubtedly have to be done without the help of the French and German troops. Leopold noticed that the French officers had begun to fraternize with the Magyar nobles and encouraged them to rebel against Austrian rule.

In addition, Leopold had always been a member of the "Spanish faction" in Vienna. With the last Spanish Habsburg, Carlos II, about to die at any given moment, Leopold wanted to ensure that his hands were free for the inevitable struggle against Louis XIV of France. Although the liberation of Hungary was a strategic interest of the Habsburgs, it would have to wait until later. Throughout his reign, Leopold had always been more interested in the struggle against France rather than the Ottomans. Therefore, he signed the rather unfavourable Peace of Vasvár, which did not take into account the Battle of Saint Gotthard. The Battle of Saint Gotthard is still significant, however, for it stopped any Ottoman invasion of Austria, which certainly would have prolonged the war and led to a disastrous resolution. The Austrians would also use the twenty-year truce to build up their forces and begin the liberation of Hungary in 1683.

In literature
The battle of Mogersdorf/Szentgotthárd provided Rainer Maria Rilke with the inspiration for his poetic short story, "Lay of the Love and Death of Cornet Christopher Rilke", which was very popular among German and Austrian soldiers during the first half of the 20th century.

title: Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664)


text:
Koan (disambiguation)

A kōan is a type of text or utterance in Zen Buddhism.

Koan may also refer to:

Japan

 * Kōan (Kamakura period), a Japanese era (1278-1288)
 * Kōan (Muromachi period), a Japanese era (1361-1362)
 * Emperor Kōan, the 6th emperor of Japan
 * Kōan (公安), an abbreviation for any of the following public security agencies:
 * Public Security Intelligence Agency
 * Public Security Examination Commission, part of the Ministry of Justice
 * National Public Safety Commission (Japan)

Music

 * Koan (program), an algorithmic music software package
 * KOAN Sound, a glitch-hop duo
 * Koan, an album by Stephan Micus
 * Koan, a musical composition by James Tenney

Radio and television stations

 * KOAN-LP, a television station in Anchorage, Alaska
 * KOAN (AM), a radio station in Anchorage, Alaska
 * KVNT, a radio station (1020 AM) licensed to serve Eagle River, Alaska, which held the call sign KOAN from 2009 to 2013

Other uses

 * Hacker koan, a humorous anecdote written by hackers about computer science
 * Koan or Coan, demonym of the island Kos
 * Ministry of Public Security (China)
 * White Koan, a modern sculpture at the University of Warwick
 * Koan, a software program that works with Cobbler (software)
 * Kōan, a member of the Black Moon Clan from Sailor Moon R

title: Koan (disambiguation)


text:
Typedef

typedef is a reserved keyword in the programming languages C, C++, and Objective-C. It is used to create an additional name (alias) for another data type, but does not create a new type, except in the obscure case of a qualified typedef of an array type where the typedef qualifiers are transferred to the array element type. As such, it is often used to simplify the syntax of declaring complex data structures consisting of struct and union types, although it is also commonly used to provide specific descriptive type names for integer data types of varying sizes.

Syntax
A typedef declaration follows the same syntax as declaring any other C identifier. The keyword  itself is a specifier which means that while it typically appears at the start of the declaration, it can also appear after the type specifiers or between two of them.

In the C standard library and in POSIX specifications, the identifier for the typedef definition is often suffixed with _t, such as in  and. This is practiced in other coding systems, although POSIX explicitly reserves this practice for POSIX data types.

Examples
This creates the type length as a synonym of the type int:

Documentation use
A typedef declaration may be used as documentation by indicating the meaning of a variable within the programming context, e.g., it may include the expression of a unit of measurement or counts. The generic declarations,

may be expressed by declaring context specific types:

Both sections of code execute identically. However, the use of typedef declarations in the second code block makes it clear that the two variables, while representing the same data type int, store different or incompatible data. The definition in congratulate of your_score indicates to the programmer that current_speed (or any other variable not declared as a points) should not be passed as an argument. This would not be as apparent if both were declared as variables of int datatype. However, the indication is for the programmer only; the C/C++ compiler considers both variables to be of type int and does not flag type mismatch warnings or errors for "wrong" argument types for congratulate(points your_score) in the code snippet below:

Declaration simplification
A typedef may be used to simplify the declarations of objects having types with verbose names, such as struct, union, or pointer types. For example,

defines the data type struct MyStruct. In C, absent a typedef, the full type name must be used to declare variables of that type:

A typedef declaration can provide a simpler type name that does not include struct. For example, with the type declaration

the variable declaration can be reduced to:

The structure declaration and typedef may also be combined into a single declaration:

, including when no tag is declared:

In C++, unlike in C, tags of class, struct, union, and enum types (such as the "MyStruct" above) automatically can be used by themselves as aliases for the full type names, very much as if there were explicit typedefs declaring so at the point of the type declaration:

Indeed, for class, struct, and union types, C++ calls the tag a class name.

The correspondence between this C++ feature and typedef is very strong, extending to the fact that it is possible to shadow the simple type name in a nested scope by declaring it as the identifier of another kind of entity. In such a case, the C-style full type name (an "elaborated type specifier") can still be used to refer to the class or enum type.

In C++, then, MyStruct can be used anywhere that newtype can be used, as long as there are no other declarations of these identifiers. The reverse is not true, however, for C++ requires the class name for some purposes, such as the names of constructor methods.

A notorious example where even C++ needs the struct keyword is the POSIX stat system call that uses a struct of the same name in its arguments:

Here both C as well as C++ need the struct keyword in the parameter definition.

Pointers
The typedef may be used to define a new pointer type.

intptr is a new alias with the pointer type int *. The definition, intptr ptr;, defines a variable ptr with the type int *. So, ptr is a pointer which can point to a variable of type int.

Using typedef to define a new pointer type may sometimes lead to confusion. For example:

Above, intptr cliff, allen; means defining 2 variables with int* type for both. This is because a type defined by typedef is a type, not an expansion. In other words, intptr, which is the int* type, decorates both cliff and allen. For intptr cliff2, *allen2;, the intptr type decorates the cliff2 and *allen2. So, intptr cliff2, *allen2; is equivalent to 2 separate definitions, intptr cliff2; and intptr *allen2. intptr *allen2 means that allen2 is a pointer pointing to a memory with int* type. Shortly, allen2 has the type, int**.

Constant pointers
Again, because typedef defines a type, not an expansion, declarations that use the const qualifier can yield unexpected or unintuitive results. The following example declares a constant pointer to an integer type, not a pointer to a constant integer:

Since it is a constant pointer, it must be initialized in the declaration.

Structures and structure pointers
Typedefs can also simplify definitions or declarations for structure pointer types. Consider this:

Using typedef, the above code can be rewritten like this:

In C, one can declare multiple variables of the same type in a single statement, even mixing structure with pointer or non-pointers. However, one would need to prefix an asterisk to each variable to designate it as a pointer. In the following, a programmer might assume that errptr was indeed a Node *, but a typographical error means that errptr is a Node. This can lead to subtle syntax errors.

By defining the typedef Node *, it is assured that all variables are structure pointer types, or say, that each variable is a pointer type pointing to a structure type.

Function pointers
The preceding code may be rewritten with typedef specifications:

Here, MathFunc is the new alias for the type. A MathFunc is a pointer to a function that returns an integer and takes as arguments a float followed by an integer.

When a function returns a function pointer, it can be even more confusing without typedef. The following is the function prototype of signal(3) from FreeBSD:

The function declaration above is cryptic as it does not clearly show what the function accepts as arguments, or the type that it returns. A novice programmer may even assume that the function accepts a single int as its argument and returns nothing, but in reality it also needs a function pointer and returns another function pointer. It can be written more cleanly:

Arrays
A typedef can also be used to simplify the definition of array types. For example,

Here, arrType is the new alias for the char[6] type, which is an array type with 6 elements. For arrType *pArr;, pArr is a pointer pointing to the memory of the char[6] type.

Type casts
A typedef is created using type definition syntax but can be used as if it were created using type cast syntax. (Type casting changes a data type.) For instance, in each line after the first line of:

funcptr is used on the left-hand side to declare a variable and is used on the right-hand side to cast a value. Thus, the typedef can be used by programmers who do not wish to figure out how to convert definition syntax to type cast syntax.

Without the typedef, it is generally not possible to use definition syntax and cast syntax interchangeably. For example:

Usage in C++
In C++ type names can be complex, and typedef provides a mechanism to assign a simple name to the type.

and

C++11 introduced the possibility to express typedefs with using instead of typedef. For example, the above two typedefs could equivalently be written as

Use with templates
C++03 does not provide templated typedefs. For instance, to have stringpair represent std::pair for every type T one cannot use:

However, if one is willing to accept stringpair::type in lieu of stringpair, then it is possible to achieve the desired result via a typedef within an otherwise unused templated class or struct:

In C++11, templated typedefs are added with the following syntax, which requires the using keyword rather than the typedef keyword. (See template aliases.)

Other languages
In SystemVerilog, typedef behaves exactly the way it does in C and C++.

In many statically typed functional languages, like Haskell, Miranda, OCaml, etc., one can define type synonyms, which are the same as typedefs in C. An example in Haskell:

This example has defined a type synonym PairOfInts as an integer type.

In Seed7 the definition of a constant type is used to introduce a synonym for a type:

const type: myVector is array integer;

In Swift, one uses the typealias keyword to create a typedef:

C# contains a feature which is similar to the typedef or the using syntax of C++.

In D the keyword alias allows to create type or partial type synonyms.

Usage concerns
Kernighan and Ritchie stated two reasons for using a typedef. First, it provides a means to make a program more portable or easier to maintain. Instead of having to change a type in every appearance throughout the program's source files, only a single typedef statement needs to be changed. and  in   are such typedef names. Second, a typedef can make a complex definition or declaration easier to understand.

Some programmers are opposed to the extensive use of typedefs. Most arguments center on the idea that typedefs simply hide the actual data type of a variable. For example, Greg Kroah-Hartman, a Linux kernel hacker and documenter, discourages their use for anything except function prototype declarations. He argues that this practice not only unnecessarily obfuscates code, it can also cause programmers to accidentally misuse large structures thinking them to be simple types.

title: Typedef


text: Template:Manic Street Preachers

title: Template:Manic Street Preachers