text:
Wigan North Western railway station

Wigan North Western railway station is one of two railway stations serving the town centre of Wigan, Greater Manchester, England. It is a moderately-sized station on the West Coast Main Line. It is operated by Avanti West Coast, and is also served by Northern Trains.

Wigan's other station is Wigan Wallgate, which is about 110 yd away, on the opposite side of the street named Wallgate, for services to Manchester (Victoria, Deansgate, Oxford Road & Piccadilly), Southport and Kirkby. Both stations are centrally located on the southern fringe of Wigan town centre. The station is named North Western, not because of its location but because it formerly belonged to the London and North Western Railway. The drop in usage figures for Wigan North Western in 2006/07 was due to the adjustment of the allocation between the town's two stations. In 2009 North Western station was identified as one of the ten worst category B interchange stations for mystery shopper assessment of fabric and environment and was set to receive a share of £50m funding for improvements.

History
The Wigan Branch Railway opened between the Liverpool and Manchester Railway on 3 September 1832 at Parkside Junction (in Newton-le-Willows) and Wigan. The original station in Wigan was located close to Chapel Lane, and three trains per day were provided, connecting with the Liverpool and Manchester trains at Parkside.

The North Union Railway opened between Wigan and Preston and connected with the line from Parkside on 31 October 1838. Wigan station was relocated to its present position.

The London and North Western Railway was formed as a result of the progressive amalgamation of various earlier lines, including the Grand Junction Railway in 1846. In collaboration with the Caledonian Railway, through trains were introduced between London Euston and Glasgow.

On 2 August 1873, a major accident occurred at the station. An overnight express from London to Scotland derailed while passing through the station at high speed. 13 people died and 30 were badly injured. The subsequent inquiry into the accident resulted in the introduction of facing point locks to passenger-carrying lines throughout the UK.

1888–1894: The station was substantially enlarged. The London and North Western Railway's Manchester and Wigan Railway connected with the North Union Railway at Springs Branch, and services to Manchester Exchange via Tyldesley which began in September 1864, terminated at the enlarged station. This line closed in 1969.

It was renamed from "Wigan" to "Wigan North Western" on 2 June 1924.

During 1971 and 1972, the run-down Victorian-era station buildings were demolished and the track layout re-modelled as a prelude to electrification. The re-built station was officially opened in July 1972.

On 1 October 1972, all signalling through Wigan North Western and adjacent sections of the West Coast main line came under the control of the new Warrington Power Signal Box. Two large signal boxes were closed - Wigan No.1 and Wigan No.2, which had controlled train movements at the south and north ends of station respectively.

23 July 1973, Electric train services began between London Euston and Preston, via Wigan North Western. Express trains, formerly hauled by one or two Class 50 diesels, were now powered by Class 86 or new Class 87 electrics.

On 6 May 1974, the West Coast electrification project was complete and electric trains operated through to Glasgow by British Rail.

Withdrawn passenger services
Being located on the West Coast Main Line, Wigan North Western has retained regular trains to a wide range of destinations. However, there were several local passenger services from the station which fell under the Beeching Axe and earlier, and the lines have since been closed:
 * Blackburn via Chorley (passenger service a pre-Beeching withdrawal in January 1960: see Lancashire Union Railway)
 * Trains departed northwards before diverging from the main line at Boar's Head Junction, 2+1/4 mi north of Wigan. From Boar's Head, a line ran to Adlington where it joined the Manchester to Preston Line as far as Chorley. From Chorley another branch line ran to Cherry Tree station and joined the existing line from Preston to Blackburn. In addition to the local service, this route was also occasionally used by long distance trains when these were diverted over the Settle and Carlisle line. Until at least 1963 a "private" non-advertised return passenger service was operated for workers at the Royal Ordnance Factory at Euxton.

 * Manchester (Exchange) via Tyldesley (local stopping passenger service withdrawn 1962, with some remaining non-stopping local services withdrawn in January 1968: some expresses continuing until May 1969)
 * The line from Wigan to Manchester Exchange via Tyldesley and Eccles was the L&NWR's route from Manchester to the north and Scotland. Before closure, this route was used both by local trains and by long-distance expresses between Manchester and destinations such as Windermere and Glasgow. Trains from Wigan North Western to Manchester Exchange travelled south for 1+1/2 mi along the main line before diverging onto the Tyldesley line at Springs Branch Junction. In fact the timings of the non-stop express trains were such that trains between Manchester Exchange and Wigan could (and did) take the (longer) route via Lowton.

 * Local trains along main line
 * Passenger services were provided to a number of smaller stations located along the main line.  Except for Leyland and Balshaw Lane (which was reopened in 1998 as Euxton Balshaw Lane) these stations are now closed. Closure of some of these smaller stations started before the Beeching report (for example Boar's Head and Bamfurlong in 1949 and Golborne in 1962) and was completed in the late 1960s.

 * Local trains called at:

 * {| class="wikitable"

There are proposals to re-open some of the closed local stations (e.g. Golborne), but none have been approved as of 2018.
 * width="50%" | Northwards || Southwards
 * Boar's Head || Bamfurlong
 * Standish Junction || Golborne
 * Coppull || Lowton
 * Balshaw Lane & Euxton || Newton-le-Willows
 * Leyland|| Earlestown
 * Farington || Vulcan Halt
 * Preston|| Warrington Bank Quay
 * }
 * Balshaw Lane & Euxton || Newton-le-Willows
 * Leyland|| Earlestown
 * Farington || Vulcan Halt
 * Preston|| Warrington Bank Quay
 * }
 * Preston|| Warrington Bank Quay
 * }
 * }

Wigan Central
Wigan had a third station: Wigan Central which has been demolished.

Wigan Central was located in Station Road, still in the town centre but some way away from the two main stations (at North Western and Wallgate). It was a terminal station on the branch line to Glazebrook and on to Manchester Central.

Wigan Central was opened by the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (later to become the Great Central) in October 1892 and was closed to passengers in November 1964.

Platform layout

 * Platform 1 is used for some services to Stalybridge via Bolton and Manchester Victoria on Sundays.
 * Platform 2 was a bay platform but is no longer in use after platform 3 was extended at the end of 2020. The track serving it has been lifted and the face fenced off.
 * Platform 3 is a bay platform, used by early morning and late evening Northern services to Manchester Victoria and Leeds via Walkden and the Calder Valley (as the December 2022 timetable rerouted Wigan to Leeds services to operate from Wigan Wallgate), Sunday services to Manchester Victoria via Bolton and as a reversing siding allowing trains and locomotives for Springs Branch depot to approach from and leave south of the depot as it can only be entered from the north.
 * Platform 4 is used for Avanti West Coast services to London Euston and Birmingham New Street and Northern Trains services to Manchester Airport and the express service to Liverpool Lime Street.
 * Platform 5 is for northbound services to Glasgow Central and Edinburgh Waverley. It is also used for services to Blackpool North and Barrow-in-Furness.
 * Platform 6 is used to terminate Merseyrail's City Line services arriving from the Liverpool–Wigan line which is operated by Northern Trains and also rarely used for Avanti services if no other platforms are available.

The platforms have heated waiting rooms. The British Transport Police have an office on platform 4 near the station's cafe.

Avanti West Coast
Avanti West Coast, who manage the station, operate services on the West Coast Main Line. An hourly service runs fast to Euston calling at Warrington Bank Quay and London Euston off-peak. An hourly service also runs northbound to Glasgow Central, with some additional peak services terminating at Preston, Lancaster and Carlisle. The journey time from London is less than two hours (1 hour and 55 minutes).

It is also served by Avanti West Coast's hourly services to/from London Euston via Wolverhampton, Birmingham New Street and Coventry that use the Rugby–Birmingham–Stafford line rather than the direct route to London which uses the Trent Valley line. In the northbound direction, 2 trains per day (tpd) run northbound to Blackpool North, 6 tpd to Glasgow Central and 7 tpd run to Edinburgh Waverley (alternating hours).

Avanti West Coast services southbound towards London Euston and northbound to Preston and Scotland are operated by electric Pendolino trains.

Northern
Northern Trains operates a half-hourly local stopping service from Liverpool Lime Street, along the Liverpool-Wigan Line via St Helens Central with a handful of services running to Liverpool via the Lowton Chord and Newton-le-Willows. There is also an hourly service from Liverpool which continues north along the West Coast Main Line to Blackpool North. On Sundays, the Liverpool – Wigan services do not run with the hourly Blackpool North – Liverpool Lime Street services calling at the smaller intermediate stations on the route to Liverpool.

Northern also operated one electric hourly service per hour each way between Blackpool North and Manchester Airport between May 2018 & May 2019. Between May 2019 and December 2022, this was replaced by an hourly diesel service between Manchester Airport and Lancaster, with most trains continuing on to either Barrow-in-Furness or Windermere. In December 2022, the Manchester Airport to Lancaster services reverted to their previous route via Chorley thus ceasing to serve Wigan. These services were replaced by limited weekday peak-only fast services to Manchester Victoria calling only at Eccles. These were mainly operated by new Civity units, whilst the electric variants (s) have started to appear on Liverpool services since Summer 2019.

In the May 2018 timetable change, two trains per hour were introduced to/from Bolton - one to Manchester Victoria and Stalybridge, the other to Manchester Piccadilly and thence Alderley Edge via Stockport. These ran on weekdays only - weekend trains were replaced by buses until November 2018 due to ongoing electrification work on the Manchester–Preston line through Bolton and Salford Crescent. From the December 2019 timetable change, most weekday services to/from Manchester via Hindley reverted to their previous route via Wallgate, with just a few trains starting or finishing here in the morning and both peak periods. From December 2020 until December 2022 however, the hourly service from Leeds started & terminated here once more throughout the day (save for a few peak period services). Most services via Hindley towards Manchester now run from Wigan Wallgate station. An hourly service operates on Sundays to Stalybridge via Manchester Victoria.

TransPennine Express
With completion of the first stage of the North West electrification programme, most TransPennine Express services between Manchester and Scotland were re-routed via Wigan instead of Bolton by connecting with the West Coast Main Line near Newton-le-Willows. TransPennine Express now operates services between Manchester Airport and Scotland. These services no longer call at Wigan North Western and have been re-routed via Bolton now that the line is electrified (work finally being completed in early 2019 ahead of the spring timetable update).

Former services
The single London Midland service from Birmingham New Street to Preston that used to call in the evening was withdrawn at the end of the 2007–08 timetable.

Future train services
Under HS2 and government proposals' high-speed trains would stop at the station from Glasgow before joining the new HS2 line south of Wigan to Birmingham and London.

title: Wigan North Western railway station


text:
User:*Miracle~enwiki

Hello!

My real name is Anna.

I've only worked on an article in the German wikipedia.

Nice you've visited my userpage.

*Miracle 18:48, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:*Miracle~enwiki


text: User talk:70.182.241.103

title: User talk:70.182.241.103


text:
User talk:BerZerK~enwiki

Hello, i am from the German Wikipedia BerZerK 18:48, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called BerZerK. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name BerZerK~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:59, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:BerZerK~enwiki


text:
User talk:Sethead

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Alan Au 18:49, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
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Trudinger's theorem
Hi. Thanks for contributing to Wikipedia. I was wondering if you'd mind adding context to the article you created, Trudinger's theorem. You could probably do so by creating an introduction. Thanks! -- BMIComp (talk, HOWS MY DRIVING) 16:53, 22 October 2005 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Shomberg

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a notice to inform you that a tag has been placed on Shomberg requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A1 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a very short article providing little or no context to the reader. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the, or if you have already done so, you can place a request here.  Crazy Boy  826  18:03, 3 June 2020 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Joseph Lee Shomberg

The article Joseph Lee Shomberg has been proposed for deletion because it appears to have no references. Under Wikipedia policy, this biography of a living person will be deleted after seven days unless it has at least one reference to a reliable source that directly supports material in the article.

If you created the article, please don't be offended. Instead, consider improving the article. For help on inserting references, see Referencing for beginners, or ask at the help desk. Once you have provided at least one reliable source, you may remove the prod blp/dated tag. Please do not remove the tag unless the article is sourced. If you cannot provide such a source within seven days, the article may be deleted, but you can when you are ready to add one. Less Unless (talk) 18:40, 3 June 2020 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Joseph Lee Shomberg

A tag has been placed on Joseph Lee Shomberg, requesting that it be deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under two or more of the criteria for speedy deletion, by which pages can be deleted at any time, without discussion. If the page meets any of these strictly-defined criteria, then it may soon be deleted by an administrator. The reasons it has been tagged are:
 * It seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service, person, or point of view and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. (See section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion.) Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Organizations for more information.
 * It appears to be an unambiguous copyright infringement of https://mathematics-computer-science.providence.edu/faculty-members/joseph-shomberg/. (See section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images taken from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites or other printed material as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing.

If the external website or image belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text or image — which means allowing other people to use it for any reason — then you must verify that externally by one of the processes explained at Donating copyrighted materials. The same holds if you are not the owner but have their permission. If you are not the owner and do not have permission, see Requesting copyright permission for how you may obtain it. You might want to look at Wikipedia's copyright policy for more details, or ask a question here.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Praxidicae (talk) 20:38, 3 June 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sethead


text:
Talk:Freddy vs. Jason

Infobox Photo
The image is of a much lower resolution now, I don't like that --- Scarce  ||||  You shouldn't have buried me,   I'm not dead --- 03:14, 28 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Images have to be low resolution, per WP:FUC and WP:NONFREE. Per WP:MOSIMAGE, it is suggested that image be between 100 and 400px in width. This one is 250px. I can (and just did) bump it up to 345px, but I wouldn't suggest more than that.   BIGNOLE     (Contact me)  03:32, 28 June 2009 (UTC)

Reception
Saying it's rating on Rott. Tom. is like saying the rating it currently has on the IMDb. It's unnecessarily dating the article --- Scarce  ||||  Talk  - Contrib. --- 05:36, 4 July 2009 (UTC)

Sequel
The current sequel section needs to be improved, it has direct quotes from its unstable source. I really can't find anything reliable to use for a reference. $© @®  ©Ξ  04:35, 9 October 2009 (UTC)

Inconsistencies
I know this is not a forum, but there should probably be a note mentioning the fact that Jason Voorhees does not have a fear of water and is in his element while swimming. I won't add this note, someone else can do it if it's consistent with the rules. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ronaldo748 (talk • contribs) 10:39, 10 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Perhaps not in the main Friday the 13th series, but he does in this movie due to his drowning. Likewise, Freddy has a fear of fire not present in the main Nightmare on Elm Street series due to the nature of his death.  142.26.194.190 (talk) 15:53, 6 October 2010 (UTC)

why is part 11?It's part 12. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 117.89.223.232 (talk) 01:18, 12 November 2013 (UTC)

Soundtrack
Why is the soundtrack not even listed? This is bizarre as it has its own article (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddy_vs._Jason_%28soundtrack%29), could someone link them please .also found this too, probably should be added --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddy_vs._Jason_%28score%29

Shelved Sequel
There was a sequel script written in 2004, but it was never made into a film. This was before and has nothing to do with the comic sequel "Freddy vs. Jason vs. Ash". Jeanlovecomputers (talk) 02:52, 29 August 2010 (UTC)

poor grammar
the grammar of the second part of this topic (plot) needs cleaning up

Slow motion edit war
Specific IP users seem very determined to change this link and with adding this to the lead. The change in link is wrong because Kane Hodder was in Friday the 13th Part VII: The New Blood. The latter violates WP:WEIGHT and doesn't belong in the lead.  Dark Knight  2149  05:33, 24 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Kelly Rowland's acting debute isn't notable enough for the lead. As for Kane, that's wrong as well. He was Jason in New Blood, Jason Takes Manhattan, Jason GOes to Hell, and Jason X. He wasn't Jason in "Jason Lives". Based on how the sentence is worded at least. THe IP may be thinking that this is the first time since Jason Lives that someone else has portrayed Jason on film, which is accurate but not how the sentence is written.   BIGNOLE     (Contact me)  12:40, 24 September 2017 (UTC)
 * The IP kept try to change it to "Part VII" (which is incorrect). I kept reverting the link back to "Part VI" because that was the last film not to feature Kane Hodder, and the sentence would read "it was the first since Friday the 13th Part VI: Jason Lives not to feature Kane Hodder..." Removing it solves the problem altogether.  Dark Knight  2149 ' 15:55, 24 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080411024823/http://www.taurusworldstuntawards.com/index.php?cmd=cmdPastNominees&year=2004 to http://www.taurusworldstuntawards.com/index.php?cmd=cmdPastNominees&year=2004

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Two Separate Games
Just like to mentioned that Freddy and Jason was in two different Mortal Kombat Games. Freddy was in MK9 while Jason was in MKX. GamerD (talk) 23:12, 29 October 2017 (UTC)
 * No, they are both in the mobile version of Mortal Kombat X, where Freddy appears in place of Leatherface. Here is a source:  Dark  Knight  2149  15:25, 22 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Seems rude saying it that way. But Im not wrong either. You could've said. "True, but Freddy is also in the mobile version of Mortal Kombat X in place of Leatherface" GamerD (talk) 08:32, 3 December 2017 (UTC)
 * May I ask what was rude about it? I re-read it, and it seems like a pretty natural, unemotional response. As for the discussion, Jason and Freddy were both in the mobile version of Mortal Kombat X, which would be (with all due respect, of course) the same game.  Dark Knight  2149  14:32, 3 December 2017 (UTC)
 * You are not wrong in the sense that they do indeed appear in separate games but were also in the same game. (Again, no disrespectful tone intended here)  Dark Knight  2149  14:33, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Casting "controversy"
Considering the fact that the "controversy" appears to be specifically coming from outraged fans (And this is coming from someone who believes Hodder should've played Jason in this film), I must question the notability of that section. I removed a few statements that were cited by questionable sites, but at least three of the few others are from primary sources (documentaries, interviews, officially released non-fiction books, ETC). There simply aren't enough sources to indicate a genuine controversy, and fan outrage generally isn't enough to warrant an entire section in a Wikipedia article. It's a surprising commonality, especially in the age of the internet. Perhaps if there were more reliable third party sources covering this, the section would be justifiable. At the moment, I don't see how this is any different from the many other times that hardcore fans (Again, this is coming from a hardcore fan, so there's no bias) have put their foot down. Case of point, just look at the audience score for Star Wars: The Last Jedi on Rotten Tomatoes compared to the critical score (same goes for Metacritic). We should ask ourselves if this has longterm encyclopedic value, and if we have the sources to back it up.  Dark Knight  2149  05:50, 16 December 2017 (UTC)
 * A similar issue came up in Slither (2006 film). See Talk:Slither (2006 film). NinjaRobotPirate (talk) 10:59, 16 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Freddy vs. Jason


text:
APRO

APRO can stand for:

 * ICFTU Asia and Pacific Regional Organisation, former trade union federation
 * Aerial Phenomena Research Organization, former UFO research network

title: APRO


text: User talk:81.240.254.156

title: User talk:81.240.254.156


text:
Bathonian

In the geologic timescale the Bathonian is an age and stage of the Middle Jurassic. It lasted from approximately 168.2 ±1.2 Ma to around 165.3 ±1.1 Ma (million years ago). The Bathonian Age succeeds the Bajocian Age and precedes the Callovian Age.

Stratigraphic definitions
The Bathonian Stage takes its name from Bath, a spa town in England built on Jurassic limestone (the Latinized form of the town name is Bathonium). The name was introduced in scientific literature by Belgian geologist d'Omalius d'Halloy in 1843. The original type locality was located near Bath. The French palaeontologist Alcide d'Orbigny was in 1852 the first to define the exact length of the stage.

The base of the Bathonian is at the first appearance of ammonite species Parkinsonia (Gonolkites) convergens in the stratigraphic column. The global reference profile for the base of the Bathonian (a GSSP) was ratified as Ravin du Bès, Bas-Auran area, Alpes de Haute Provence, France in 2009. The top of the Bathonian (the base of the Callovian Stage) is at the first appearance of ammonite genus Kepplerites.

In the Tethys domain, the Bathonian contains eight ammonite biozones:
 * zone of Clydoniceras discus
 * zone of Hecticoceras retrocostatum
 * zone of Cadomites bremeri
 * zone of Morrisiceras morrisi
 * zone of Tulites subcontractus
 * zone of Procerites progracilis
 * zone of Procerites aurigerus
 * zone of Zigzagiceras zigzag

Rocks of Bathonian age are well developed in Europe: in the northwest and southwest oolite limestones are characteristically associated with coral-bearing, crinoidal and other varieties, and with some beds of clay. In the north and northeast, Russia, etc., clays, sandstones and ferruginous oolites prevail, some of the last being exploited for iron. They occur also in the extreme north of North America and in the Arctic regions, Greenland, Franz Josef Land, etc.; in Africa, Algeria, Tanzania, Madagascar and near the Cape of Good Hope (Enon Beds); in India, Rajputana and Gulf of Kutch, and in South America.

The well-known Caen stone of Normandy and "Hauptrogenstein" of Swabia, as well as the "Eisenkalk" of northwest Germany, and "Klaus-Schichten" of the Austrian Alps, are of Bathonian age.

Literature

 * 🇦🇹; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.
 * 🇦🇹; 1843: Précis élémentaire de géologie, Bertrand, Paris.

title: Bathonian


text:
California Coastal Conservancy

The California State Coastal Conservancy (CSCC, SCC) is a non-regulatory state agency in California established in 1976 to enhance coastal resources and public access to the coast. The CSCC is a department of the California Natural Resources Agency. The agency's work is conducted along the entirety of the California coast, including the interior San Francisco Bay and is responsible for the planning and coordination of federal land sales to acquire into state land as well as award grant funding for improvement projects. The Board of Directors for the agency is made up of seven members who are appointed by the Governor of California and approved by the California Legislature, members of the California State Assembly and California State Senate engage and provide oversight within their legislative capacity.

Goals
The agency's official goals are to:
 * Protect and improve coastal wetlands, streams, and watersheds
 * Improve access to coasts and shores by building trails and stairways and improving the availability of low cost accommodation including campgrounds and hostels
 * Work with local communities to revitalize urban watersheds
 * Assist in resolving complex land-use problems
 * Purchase and hold environmentally valuable coastal and bay lands
 * Protect Agricultural lands and support coastal agriculture
 * Accept donations and dedication of land and easements for public access, wildlife habitat, agriculture and open spaces

Since its establishment, the Conservancy has completed over 4,000 projects along the California coastline and San Francisco Bay, restored over 400,000 acres of coastal habitat, built hundreds of miles of new trail including the Bay Area Ridge Trail, Santa Ana Parkway Trail, and partnered on over 100 urban waterfront projects. The Conservancy has spent over $1.8 billion on projects. It works in partnership with other public agencies, nonprofit organizations and private landowners, employing 75 people and overseeing a current annual budget of 53 million dollars. The Conservancy was created by the legislature as a unique entity with flexible powers to serve as an intermediary among government, citizens, and the private sector in recognition that creative approaches would be needed to preserve California's coastline.

The Conservancy provides technical assistance and grant funding to local communities, nonprofit organizations, other government agencies, businesses, and private landowners to implement multi-benefit projects that:

 * Protect the natural and scenic beauty of the coast
 * Enhance wildlife habitat help the public to get to and enjoy beaches and parklands
 * Keep farmland and timberlands in production
 * Improve water quality
 * Revitalize working waterfronts
 * Prepare communities for the impacts of climate change

Projects
The conservancy has completed more than 2,400 projects along the California coastline and in the San Francisco bay. These projects have included preserving almost 20000 acre of wetlands, dunes, wildlife habitat, recreation lands, farmland, and scenic open space, building hundreds of miles of access ways and trails along the coastline, and assisting in the completion of more than 100 urban waterfront projects. The Conservancy has hundreds of ongoing projects including:

California Coastal Trail
Once completed, the California Coastal Trail (CCT) will extend 1200 mi from Oregon to Mexico, making it one of the longest trails in the United States. While informal trails along our coast have been used for centuries, CCT was initiated in 1972 when Californians passed Proposition 20 recommending that a trails system be established along or near the coast. In 1999, the CCT was designated at the state and federal level as Millennium Legacy Trail, and in 2001 state legislation called for its completion. Roughly half of the CCT was complete in 2009.

Enacted in 1976, the State Coastal Conservancy Act (Division 21 Section 31000 et al. of the Public Resources Code) calls for the Coastal Conservancy to have a principal role in the implementation of a system of public accessways to and along the state's coastline, including development of the CCT. The Coastal Conservancy pursues this mandate in part by awarding grants to public agencies and nonprofit organizations to acquire land, or any interest therein, or to develop, operate, or manage lands for public access purposes to and along the coast, on terms and conditions the Coastal Conservancy specifies. In addition, the Coastal Conservancy works with other state agencies including the California Department of Parks and Recreation and the Coastal Commission to coordinate trail development.

In 2001, the Governor signed Senate Bill 908 directing the Coastal Conservancy to report back to the Legislature on progress made completing the trail. In 2003, the “Completing the California Coastal Trail” Report described the status of the trail and outlined strategies for its completion. SB 908 also directed the Coastal Conservancy to provide grants and assistance to establish and expand inland trail systems that may be linked to the trail, and directed agencies with property interests or regulatory authority in coastal areas to cooperate with the Coastal Conservancy with respect to planning and making lands available for completion of the trail.

In 2007, the Governor signed SB 1396 directing the Coastal Conservancy to coordinate development of the Coastal Trail with the Caltrans. This bill also required local transportation planning agencies whose jurisdiction includes a portion of the Coastal Trail, or property designated for the trail to coordinate with the Coastal Conservancy, Coastal Commission, and Caltrans regarding development of the trail.

Napa Sonoma Marsh Restoration Project
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Conservancy, and the California Department of Fish and Game conducted a feasibility study and preparing an Environmental Impact Report / Environmental Impact Statement (EIR/EIS), which involves the technical Analysis of Alternatives for the restoration of 10000 acre of wetlands and associated habitats within the former Cargill salt pond complex in the North Bay.

The goals of this project are to restore large patches of tidal marsh that support a wide variety of fish, wildlife and plants, including special status mammals and water birds – specifically the salt marsh harvest mouse, California clapper rail, and black rail, endangered fish – specifically the delta smelt, Sacramento splittail, steelhead trout and Chinook salmon, and aquatic animals. They will also be managing water depth to maximize wildlife habitat diversity, with shallow-water areas for migratory and resident shore birds and deep-water areas for diving ducks.

Carmel River Reroute and San Clemente Dam Removal Project
The project involves the Conservancy, National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), the Conservation League Foundation and the Californian American Water company (CalAm) working together to remove the San Clemente Dam. Since the dams construction in 1921, the Carmel River has suffered from accelerated erosion, and the once vibrant steelhead trout run has dramatically decreased.

The benefits of the dam removal include recovery of central coast steelhead trout (a threatened species) by proving unimpaired access to over 25 mi of spawning and rearing habitat, expansion of public recreation by preserving over 900 acre of coastal watershed lands, restoration of a natural sediment regime improving the habitat for steelhead trout, reducing beach erosion that now contributes to destabilization of homes, roads and infrastructure, and improvement of habitat for the threatened California red-legged frog.

The total project cost for the project is estimated at $83 million. According to the implementation agreement, CalAm will pay an amount equivalent to the estimated cost of buttressing the dam, or approximately $49 million. The Conservancy, with assistance from the NMFS, will secure the additional $34 million from state, federal, and private foundation sources. Construction of the project is expected to take three years – activities will be restricted to approximately April to November to avoid the rainy season and impact to migrating steelhead. During years two and three of construction, the Carmel River and San Clemente Creek will be diverted around the reservoir and dam site, and the reservoir will be emptied.

Integrated Watershed Restoration Program (IWRP)
The Integrated Watershed Restoration Program (IWRP; pronounced "I Werp") for Santa Cruz County was formed in 2002 as a county-wide effort to prioritize watershed restoration. The IWRP's objectives are to:
 * Coordinate agencies on the identification, funding and implementation of watershed restoration projects
 * Target proposals to critical projects supported by the resource agencies
 * Facilitate higher quality designs at lower costs
 * Simplify the permit process for watershed restoration
 * Effect institutional change to improve watershed restoration efforts
 * Develop a countywide outreach and education program
 * Develop a monitoring program geared toward future project identification needs
 * Develop additional assessments and plans
 * Serve as a water restoration information hub for Santa Cruz county.

The Conservancy awarded $4.5 million to the Resource Conservation District of Santa Cruz County in June 2003 to initiate Phase 1 of the IWRP focused on pre-implementation activities including designs and permits for nearly 100 critical watershed restoration projects in Santa Cruz County including expansion of rural roads, technical assistance programs, comparative lagoon ecological assessment projects, countywide outreach and education program development, watershed education activity and resource guides, and coordination of resources: annual watershed partner forum, reporting, website and technical assistance.

South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project

The project is being headed by the state of California and the federal government to restore 15100 acre of Cargill's former salt ponds in San Francisco Bay. In October 2000, Cargill proposed to consolidate its operations and sell lands and salt production rights on 61 percent of its South Bay Operation area. Negotiations were headed by Senator Dianne Feinstein and a framework agreement was signed in May 2002 by the conservancy, the California Resources Agency, the Wildlife Conservation Board, the California Department of Fish and Game, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Cargill and Senator Feinstein. California approved the purchase of the property on February 11, 2003.

Invasive Spartina Project
The Invasive Spartina Project is a coordinated regional effort among local, state and federal organizations dedicated to preserving California's extraordinary coastal biological resources through the elimination of introduced species of Spartina. Cordgrasses are highly aggressive invaders that significantly alter both the physical structure and biological composition of our tidal marshes, mudflats and creeks. The control program is the "action arm" of the San Francisco Estuary Invasive Spartina Project, a project of the conservancy. The program uses an Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM) approach to prioritize and implement control efforts.

Applying this approach, the control program uses all available scientific information regarding the San Francisco Estuary, the invasive cordgrasses, and the likely economic, sociological, and ecological consequences of both the invasion and the treatment program, to develop a management strategy that is effective, economical, and protective of public and environmental health.

To implement the site-specific management strategies, the program relies heavily on partnerships developed with the landowners and managers around the Bay that have non-native Spartina growing on their lands. The conservancy provides treatment and eradication grants to these partners, who subsequently select an appropriate aquatic vegetation control contractor through a competitive bid process, or utilize their own equipment and crews in the case of flood control and mosquito abatement districts. These partners are ultimately responsible for the success of the project through the long-term commitment to monitor and maintain the eradication efforts, and ensure that Spartina is not reintroduced to the system.

Explore the Coast program
The Conservancy's Explore the Coast Grant program is a small grants program supporting programs that encourage all Californian's to explore and experience the coast, with a focus on under-served communities and young people. Since 2013, the Conservancy has awarded over $4 million in 150 separate grants for programs that bring people to the coast, increase stewardship of coastal resources, and provide educational opportunities. These grants prioritize projects that achieve one or more of these objectives:
 * Provide coastal experiences to lower-income or other underserved populations;
 * Increase the number of people visiting the coast;
 * Improve barrier-free access for persons with disabilities; and/or
 * Provide a valuable recreational, environmental, cultural or historic learning experience;
 * Increase stewardship of coastal resources; or
 * Enhance the public's coastal experience in a way that does not currently exist.

Explore the Coast Overnight program
In 2019, the Conservancy introduced its Explore the Coast Overnight program to fund projects and programs to increase Californians' opportunities to stay overnight near or on the coast. The program allocates funding from Proposition 68, the Parks and Water Bond Act of 2018, to support the construction of cabins, campsites and other lodging as well as overnight programming at the coast. The Explore the Coast Overnight grant program and the Conservancy's Explore the Coast Overnight Assessment, were developed in response to AB-250 State Coastal Conservancy: Lower Cost Coastal Accommodations Program (Gonzalez Fletcher).

Leadership
The Conservancy's Executive Officer is Amy Hutzel who also serves in the same capacity for the San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority The Deputy Executive Officers are Mary Small and Helen Kang. The Chair of the Conservancy's Board is Douglas Bosco.

Additional References

 * Hikers Guide, California Coastal Trail info, Coast Walk, 2003
 * Los Angeles River Wetlands in the City of Long Beach: A Feasibility Study, City of Long Beach Department of Parks Recreation and Marine May 2002
 * Los Angeles River Wetlands in the City of Long Beach: A Feasibility Study, City of Long Beach Department of Parks Recreation and Marine May 2002

title: California Coastal Conservancy


text:
Thomas Percy

Thomas Percy may refer to:

 * Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester (1343–1403), English medieval nobleman
 * Thomas Percy (Pilgrimage of Grace) (1504–1537), executed as a leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace
 * Thomas Percy (fl. 1563), MP for Plympton Erle
 * Thomas Percy (died 1572), MP for Westmorland
 * Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland (1528–1572), led the Rising of the North and was executed for treason, beatified by the Catholic Church
 * Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont (1422–1460), son of Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland and Lady Eleanor Neville
 * Thomas Percy (bishop of Norwich) (died 1369), Bishop of Norwich
 * Thomas Percy (Gunpowder Plot) (c.1560–1605), one of the conspirators in the Gunpowder Plot
 * Thomas Percy (bishop of Dromore) (1729–1811), Bishop of Dromore and collector of Percy's Reliques
 * Thomas George Percy (1704–1794), American cotton planter and settler of Alabama

title: Thomas Percy


text:
User talk:Dickhonolooloo

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Zzyzx11 (Talk) 18:53, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dickhonolooloo


text:
Aunjanue Ellis-Taylor

Aunjanue L. Ellis-Taylor ( Ellis; born February 21, 1969) is an American actress. Known for her work in several film and television productions, she has received several accolades, including nominations for an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and two Primetime Emmy Awards.

She has appeared in numerous films, including Men of Honor (2000), Undercover Brother (2002), Ray (2004), Freedomland (2006), The Express: The Ernie Davis Story (2008), The Taking of Pelham 123 (2009), The Help (2011), The Birth of a Nation (2016), If Beale Street Could Talk (2018), The Color Purple (2023), and Origin (2023). For her portrayal of Oracene Price in the sports drama King Richard (2021), she was nominated for several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

On television, Ellis had regular and recurring roles in the series High Incident (1996–1997), The Practice (1999), True Blood (2008), and The Mentalist (2010–2013). She also appeared in several television films, such as Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story (2009), Abducted: The Carlina White Story (2013), and The Clark Sisters: First Ladies of Gospel (2020). She played a leading role in the miniseries The Book of Negroes (2015), which earned her a Canadian Screen Award, and starred in the series Quantico (2015–2017). She was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards for her roles in the miniseries When They See Us (2019) and the series Lovecraft Country (2021).

Early life
Ellis was born in San Francisco, California, and raised on her grandmother's farm in Magnolia, Mississippi. She attended Tougaloo College before transferring to Brown University, where she completed her Bachelor of Arts in African-American studies. She also studied acting with Jim Barnhill and John Emigh. During her years at Brown University, Ellis made her debut in a student play. She went on to study acting in the Graduate Acting Program at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. She is a member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority.

1990s
In 1995, Ellis made her professional acting debut appearing as Ariel opposite Patrick Stewart's Prospero in a Broadway revival of William Shakespeare's The Tempest. She later made her screen debut in the episode of Fox police drama series New York Undercover. In 1996, she had the co-leading role in the independent film Girls Town alongside Lili Taylor. During the late 1990s, Ellis also had supporting roles in films such as Ed's Next Move, Desert Blue, In Too Deep, and A Map of the World. From 1996 to 1997, Ellis starred as Officer Leslie Joyner in the ABC police drama series High Incident, created by Steven Spielberg. The series was canceled after two seasons. In 1999, she had the recurring role of Sharon Young on the ABC legal drama, The Practice.

2000s
In 2000, Ellis starred opposite Cuba Gooding Jr. in George Tillman, Jr.'s drama film Men of Honor. The following year, she played daughter of Samuel L. Jackson's character in the mystery-drama film The Caveman's Valentine, directed by Kasi Lemmons and based on George Dawes Green's 1994 novel of the same name. Also in 2001, Ellis had a supporting part in the critically acclaimed comedy-drama film Lovely & Amazing.

In 2002, she had main role alongside Eddie Griffin in the action comedy film Undercover Brother. In 2004, she played Mary Ann Fisher in the Academy Award-nominated biographical film about musician Ray Charles, Ray. In 2007, Ellis played the leading role in the thriller Cover, which received negative reviews. During this time, she also appeared in films such as Freedomland (2006), The Express (2008) and Notorious (2009). She played Denzel Washington's wife in the 2009 film The Taking of Pelham 123, directed by Tony Scott.

On television, in 2002, Ellis had a regular role on the short-lived ABC medical drama MDs. From 2005 to 2006, she co-starred alongside Benjamin Bratt in another short-lived drama E-Ring on NBC. She also had recurring roles on Third Watch, 100 Centre Street, Jonny Zero, Justice and True Blood. In 2009, she co-starred alongside Cuba Gooding Jr. and Kimberly Elise in the made-for-television film, Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story.

Ellis has also appeared in a number of Broadway and Off-Broadway theatre productions. In January 2004, she performed in Regina Taylor's play Drowning Crow, at the Manhattan Theatre Club. In the Spring, 2012 Hampton University semester, she taught entertainment industry courses. She was also featured in a Hampton Players and Company production, "Through the Crack."

2010s
In 2010, Ellis co-starred opposite Wesley Snipes in the action film Game of Death. She also played the leading role in the independent film The Tested based on the award-winning 2005 short film of the same name. In 2011, she appeared in the critically acclaimed period drama The Help, directed by Tate Taylor, as Eula Mae Davis, one of the maids, for which she received number of awards as a part of the ensemble cast, including National Board of Review Award for Best Cast. In 2014, she played Vicki Anderson in the biographical drama film Get On Up about the life of singer James Brown, which was also directed by Tate Taylor. As lead actress, Ellis starred in the independent films Money Matters (2011), The Volunteer (2013), Romeo and Juliet in Harlem (2014), and Una Vida: A Fable of Music and the Mind (2014). She also played the leading role in the 2012 television film Abducted: The Carlina White Story.

From 2010 to 2013, Ellis had a recurring role in the CBS series The Mentalist, as Madeleine Hightower. She also played Ashley Judd's best friend in the 2012 ABC miniseries Missing, and had another role on the CBS procedural, NCIS: Los Angeles. Ellis also starred as one of the lead characters in the 2013 AMC pilot The Divide. When WE tv picked up the show, Ellis left and was recast with Nia Long.

In 2014, Ellis was cast as the lead in the international co-production epic miniseries The Book of Negroes, based on Lawrence Hill’s bestselling 2007 novel. The Book of Negroes premiered in 2015, and Ellis received critical acclaim for her performance. The Hollywood Reporter critic Whitney Matheson praised her performance. "Except for the first installment that focuses on Aminata’s girlhood, Ellis is present in nearly every scene, aging decades and displaying a stunning range of emotion." Ellis received a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Movie or Miniseries nomination for her performance. At the 2016 Canadian Screen Awards, Ellis received Award for Best Lead actress, Television Film or Miniseries.

On February 25, 2015, it was announced that Ellis was cast in the ABC thriller series Quantico. She left the series after two seasons in 2017. In 2016, Ellis co-starred in the historical drama film The Birth of a Nation, based on the story of the 1831 slave rebellion led by Nat Turner. The film also stars Nate Parker, Aja Naomi King, Armie Hammer and Gabrielle Union. Ellis plays the role of Nancy Turner, Nat's mother, in the film. Also in 2016, she was cast opposite Keke Palmer in the drama film Pimp about life for women on the streets of New York and work in the illegal sex trade. In 2018, she appeared in If Beale Street Could Talk, a drama film written and directed by Barry Jenkins.

In February 2018, Ellis was cast in a leading role on the CBS drama pilot Chiefs, which was not picked up to series. Later, she was cast in the independent drama film Miss Virginia opposite Uzo Aduba and Vanessa Williams. In 2019, she starred in the Ava DuVernay-directed miniseries When They See Us for Netflix. She received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie nomination for her performance.

2020s
In 2020, Ellis portrayed Mattie Moss Clark, the mother of The Clark Sisters, in the Lifetime television film The Clark Sisters: First Ladies of Gospel. The film premiered on April 11, 2020, with positive reviews from critics and was the highest-rated original movie for Lifetime since 2016. Ellis was specifically praised by critics, fans, and the Clark Sisters for her performance. She received NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special nomination for her performance. Also in 2020, Ellis co-starred in the HBO drama series, Lovecraft Country based on the novel of the same name by Matt Ruff. For her performance, she received Primetime Emmy Awards nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.

In 2021, Ellis starred as Oracene Price opposite Will Smith in King Richard, a biopic about Richard Williams. Her performance in the film received critical acclaim, earning the actress her first Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, British Academy Film Awards and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture nominations. Ellis also received nominations at the Critics' Choice Movie Awards, Satellite Awards and Black Reel Awards, winning the National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress. She also received Santa Barbara International Film Festival Outstanding Performer of the Year Award, and the Honorary Award at the 5th Hollywood Critics Association Film Awards. In 2022, Ellis starred opposite Courtney B. Vance in the AMC courtroom drama series, 61st Street. The series was ordered for a two-season run, but AMC decided against airing it. In May 2023, The CW acquired the series. Ellis then starred as attorney Carolyn Wilder in the FX neo-Western crime drama series, Justified: City Primeval, the limited series inspired by Elmore Leonard’s City Primeval: High Noon in Detroit. She received critical acclaim for her performance, noted by some critics as her best role yet in career.

Also in 2023, Ellis was cast in a leading role in the Ava DuVernay drama film Origin, an adaptation of Isabel Wilkerson’s Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents. Ellis played Isabel Wilkerson in this film, making it her first lead role in a major film of her career. The film premiered at the 80th Venice International Film Festival. Ellis co-starred as Mama in the musical drama film, The Color Purple. The film was released in the United States on December 25, 2023, by Warner Bros. Pictures.

Upcoming projects
In January 2022, Ellis was cast alongside Andra Day, Glenn Close and Mo'Nique in Netflix's exorcism horror-thriller film The Deliverance, directed by Lee Daniels.

In July 2022, she was cast alongside Uzo Aduba and Sanaa Lathan in the adaptation of 2013 novel of the same name by Edward Kelsey Moore The Supremes at Earl's All-You-Can-Eat directed by Tina Mabry for Searchlight Pictures. She was cast in the period drama film The Nickel Boys, a film adaptation of the 2019 novel by American novelist Colson Whitehead also featuring Hamish Linklater and Fred Hechinger, in October 2022. She starred opposite André Holland and Andra Day in the drama film Exhibiting Forgiveness directed by Titus Kaphar.

Personal life
In her 2022 interview with Variety magazine, Ellis came out as bisexual. In 2023, she started going by the double-barrelled name, Ellis-Taylor, in honor of her mother.

title: Aunjanue Ellis-Taylor


text:
Pál Dárdai

Pál Dárdai (born 16 March 1976) is a Hungarian retired footballer who played mainly as a defensive midfielder. He was most recently the head coach of 2. Bundesliga club Hertha BSC.

In a 20-year professional career, he played for over a decade with the same club, Hertha BSC, in Germany. With 286 Bundesliga appearances, he is the club's most capped player. Dárdai gained 61 caps for the Hungary national team in 12 years, scoring five goals. He also worked as the country's manager.

Hungary
Born in Pécs, Dárdai began his professional career with local Pécsi Mecsek FC, moving in January 1996 to Budapesti VSC. He helped his new club finish second in both the league and cup.

Hertha BSC
In January 1997, Dárdai signed with Germany's Hertha BSC, appearing in ten matches for the 2. Bundesliga side before the end of the season, as the club was promoted to the top-flight Bundesliga. In 1998–99, he made 21 appearances (6 as a starter) as Hertha finished in third place, behind second-placed Bayer Leverkusen by one point.

On 13 November 2008, Dárdai marked his 250th Bundesliga appearance during the 1–0 win against 1899 Hoffenheim. Following the match, he thanked "the team and the fans".

On 16 January 2009, Dárdai damaged his meniscus during training. He was operated on by Gert Schleicher after returning to Berlin from Marbella in Spain, where Hertha spent their winter training camp.

Hertha extended Dárdai's contract by one year on 28 May 2009, and he became the club's longest-serving player.

He expressed his wish to further extend his link, stating, "I can imagine that I will end my career here in Berlin, but before I return to Hungary I want to fulfil my ambition and that is to win the championship and the cup." Dieter Hoeneß responded by saying the club would also like to keep him.

Dárdai helped The Old Lady qualify several times for the UEFA Cup, appearing sparingly from 2004 to 2006 (33 total matches) but featuring heavily in the following years. From 2009, his appearances became less and less frequent: after only one match in the 2010–11 campaign – with eventually returning to the top level – and being demoted to the reserve team, the 35-year-old retired from football, having appeared in 297 league contests.

International
Dárdai began playing for Hungary with the under-21s, in 1996. He made his senior debut in a friendly against Slovenia on 19 August 1998, and scored his first international goal on 10 October in an UEFA Euro 2000 qualifier against Azerbaijan, in the 58th minute of a 4–0 triumph.

Often cast as starting central midfielder alongside Krisztián Lisztes, under managers Bertalan Bicskei and Imre Gellei, Dárdai captained the national side seven times in 2006, netting twice. On 15 November 2006, he was not included in Péter Várhidi's provisional 25-man squad for the Euro 2008 qualifying phase, but featured in the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign as Hungary was now managed by Erwin Koeman.

2012–2015: Hertha BSC
In 2012, Dárdai began working as a coach at Hertha BSC, his assistants at the under-15 team being Admir Hamžagić and Jochem Ziegert.

2014–15: Hungary
On 18 September 2014, Dárdai was appointed as interim manager of the Hungary national team. He turned down an offer from the Hungarian Football Federation ("MLSZ") to manage the side on a permanent basis, with the former's president Sándor Csányi confirming the latter would be in charge of three Euro 2016 qualifying matches for free.

On 23 September 2014, Zsolt Lőw, assistant coach of Red Bull Salzburg, was not permitted by his club to join Dárdai's coaching staff in the same capacity. The latter's debut took place on 11 October against Romania, a 1–1 draw in Bucharest. Three days later, he managed his first win, prevailing 1–0 away against the Faroe Islands; he said after the second match that "the minimum aims were to get the three points".

Former international István Sallói said in an interview with Nemzeti Sport in October 2014 that, "Dárdai is the only chance for Hungarian football." The former was appointed by the latter as the aid to map the opponents of the national team, and also said, "In the last ten days it became incredible clear what type of work I have to do."

On 14 November 2014, Hungary won their first home match under Dárdai by beating Finland 1–0 thanks to Zoltán Gera's 84th-minute goal in the Euro 2016 qualifier at the Groupama Arena in Budapest. The following month, the MLSZ announced Dárdai would remain as manager until 30 November 2015,  and he admitted that his son influenced him in making the decision by saying, "You have to return because without you they are not going to win."

After returning to Hertha BSC, Dárdai was replaced as Hungary manager by his former mentor, Bernd Storck.

In November 2015, Hungary under Storck qualified for the UEFA European Championship after a 44-year absence, and Dárdai stated in an interview with Hertha's official website that he built the base of the team while his successor added his part to reach the finals.

2015–2019 and 2021: Return to Hertha
On 5 February 2015, he was appointed interim manager of the main squad. His first match in charge was a 2–0 victory over Mainz 05 two days later.

On 29 May 2015, Dárdai signed a permanent contract with Hertha.

Hertha began the season by getting eliminated from the UEFA Europa League in the third qualifying round by Brøndby.

Hertha won the first leg 1–0 and lost the second leg 3–1.

On 16 April during the 2018–19 Bundesliga season, it was announced Dárdai would be leaving his role at the end of the season and would return to a youth coach role in 2020.

After returning to the youth section, the senior team slumped under Bruno Labbadia, he once again took over the head coach duty on 25 January 2021 after Labbadia was sacked. He was sacked on 29 November 2021. He returned to manage Hertha in April 2023. After the 2023–24 season, the contract was not extended.

Personal life
Dárdai is married and has three sons: Palkó, Márton and Bence. On 29 July 2023 Pál Dárdai played all three of his sons together at the same time for the first time in their Bundesliga 2 opener against Fortuna Düsseldorf.

On 20 July 2002, Balázs Dárdai, his brother and a midfielder for FC Barcs, died during a tournament after an artery burst when he jumped for a ball. His father, also named Pál (1951–2017) and the club's coach, were watching the game when it happened; Balázs was only 23 years old.

International goals

 * Scores and results list Hungary's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Dárdai goal.

Honours
Budapesti VSC
 * Hungarian Cup runner-up: 1995–96

Hertha BSC
 * 2. Bundesliga: 2010–11
 * DFB-Ligapokal: 2001, 2002; runner-up: 2000
 * UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2006

Individual
 * Hungarian Footballer of the Year: 2006

title: Pál Dárdai


text: Portal:Morocco/Culture

title: Portal:Morocco/Culture


text:
User:Caerwine/Days Past (Xiaolin Showdown)

Days Past is episode 201 of Xiaolin Showdown. It first aired in the United States on September 11, 2004.

With Wuya now once again in the flesh the Xiaolin apprentices seek assistance from the only person who defeated her, Grand Master Dashi. However, that was 1500 years ago, so how can they be helped by a legend from days past?

Synopsis
Description of what happened.

Shen Gong Wu
The Shen Gong Wu that are revealed, that display new powers or are merely used.

Guest Characters
Characters other than the eight main characters that appear.

Showdowns
Who wagered who, what Wu were involved, a discription of the locale and contest.

Clay's Downhome Sayings
You can usually count on Clay to come up with at least one of these per episode.

Kimiko's Techno-Fashion
Kimiko has a different outfit in nearly every episode.

Raimundo's Schemes
Raimundo often schemes to make his life at the temple easier.

Jack Spicer’s Bots
No new bots, but we do get to see Jack Spicer's Evil Time Machine. Just one problem, he has no way to return things to the present.


text: Template:I-78 aux

title: Template:I-78 aux


text:
Joseph Maria Olbrich

Joseph Maria Olbrich (22 December 1867 – 8 August 1908) was an Austrian architect and one of the Vienna Secession founders.

Early life
Olbrich was born in Troppau, Austrian Silesia (modern day Opava, Czech Republic), the third child of Edmund and Aloisia Olbrich. He had two sisters, who died before he was born, and two younger brothers, John and Edmund. His father was a prosperous confectioner and wax manufacturer who also owned a brick works, where Olbrich's interest in the construction industry has its early origin.

Career
Olbrich studied architecture at the University of Applied Arts Vienna (Wiener Staatsgewerbeschule) and the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, where he won several prizes. These included the Prix de Rome, for which he traveled to Italy and North Africa. In 1893, he started working for Otto Wagner, the Austrian architect, and probably did the detailed construction for most of Wagner's Wiener Stadtbahn (Metropolitan Railway) buildings.

In 1897, Gustav Klimt, Olbrich, Josef Hoffmann and Koloman Moser founded the Vienna Secession artistic group. Olbrich designed their exhibition building, the famous Secession Hall, which became the movement's landmark. In 1899, Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, founded the Darmstadt Artists' Colony, for which Olbrich designed many houses (including his own) and several exhibition buildings. Olbrich gained Hessian citizenship in 1900 and was appointed to a professorship by the Grand Duke. In 1903, he married Claire Morawe.

In the following years, Olbrich executed diverse architectural commissions and experimented in applied arts and design. He designed pottery, furniture, book bindings, and musical instruments. His courtyard and interiors at the St. Louis World's Fair won the highest prize at the exhibition. At the time, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch wrote of his pavilion, "The interior decorators of the United States are now talking about the Olbrich Pavilion. It is already indicated as one of the things at the World's Fair which will leave a permanent mark upon American life." He was subsequently appointed corresponding member of the American Institute of Architects. His architectural works, especially his exhibition buildings for the Vienna and Darmstadt Secessions, had a strong influence on the development of the Art Nouveau style.

Shortly after his daughter Marianne's birth on 19 July 1908, Olbrich died from leukemia in Düsseldorf on 8 August, aged 40.

Works

 * The Secession hall, Vienna
 * Residence for Hermann Bahr, Vienna
 * Hochzeitsturm and other buildings at Darmstadt Artists' Colony, Mathildenhöhe, Darmstadt
 * Department store for Leonhard Tietz, Düsseldorf
 * Villa for Josef Feinhals, Cologne, built 1908 and destroyed in World War II

Additional references

 * Joseph Maria Olbrich on Architectuul

title: Joseph Maria Olbrich


text: User talk:66.203.194.115

title: User talk:66.203.194.115


text:
Conservative government, 1957–1964

The Conservative government of the United Kingdom that began in 1957 and ended in 1964 consisted of three ministries: the first Macmillan ministry, second Macmillan ministry, and then the Douglas-Home ministry. They were respectively led by Harold Macmillan and Sir Alec Douglas-Home, who were appointed by Queen Elizabeth II.

Formation of the first Macmillan ministry
Sir Anthony Eden resigned from his positions of Leader of the Conservative Party and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on 10 January 1957. This was mainly a consequence of the Suez Crisis fiasco of the previous autumn, but was also owing to his increasingly failing health. Harold Macmillan, formerly Foreign Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer, was chosen over Rab Butler as the new party leader and consequently as Prime Minister.

Harold Macmillan tried to placate Butler, who had stood against Macmillan as leader, by appointing him to the senior position of Home Secretary. Peter Thorneycroft became Chancellor of the Exchequer, but caused embarrassment for Macmillan when he resigned only a year later. He was replaced by Derick Heathcoat Amory, previously Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Selwyn Lloyd was retained as Foreign Secretary, a post he held until 1960, when he succeeded Heathcoat Amory as Chancellor. Ernest Marples became Minister for Transport and the Earl of Home was promoted to Leader of the House of Lords and also continued as Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs, before replacing Lloyd as Foreign Secretary in 1960. Lord Kilmuir and Alan Lennox-Boyd retained their offices of Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for the Colonies respectively, while Lord Hailsham became a member of the cabinet for the first time as Minister of Education. Future Chancellor Iain Macleod was appointed Minister of Labour and National Service and succeeded Lennox-Boyd as Secretary of State for the Colonies in 1961.

1959 general election and second Macmillan ministry
The Conservatives comfortably won the 1959 general election, increasing their majority in the House of Commons, following a campaign slogan "Life's better with the Conservatives". This centred on the consistently low unemployment, strong economy and rising standard of living that much of the British population was enjoying in the late 1950s.

However, a series of economic measures in the early 1960s caused the popularity of the Conservative Party to decline. Macmillan tried to remedy this by a major cabinet reshuffle in July 1962. Seven cabinet members were sacked in what became nicknamed the "Night of the Long Knives". Notably, the emerging Reginald Maudling replaced Selwyn Lloyd as Chancellor, and Lord Kilmuir was replaced as Lord Chancellor by Lord Dilhorne, while Peter Thorneycroft returned to the cabinet as Minister of Defence. Rab Butler was also promoted to the office of First Secretary of State. The reshuffle was controversial within the Conservative Party, and was seen as a betrayal by many. Macmillan's credibility was also affected by the 1963 Profumo affair; he was now in his 69th year, and had until after his 70th birthday to call the next general election. The election of Harold Wilson as Labour Party leader early in the year, following the sudden death of Hugh Gaitskell, was well received by voters, with opinion polls showing the Labour Party ascendant.

However, it was still considered a surprise when Macmillan resigned in October 1963.

Douglas-Home becomes Prime Minister
Macmillan's resignation saw a three-way tussle for the party leadership and premiership. Given that it was not considered appropriate for a Prime Minister to be a member of the House of Lords, the Earl of Home and Lord Hailsham both disclaimed their peerages under the Peerage Act 1963, and became known respectively as Sir Alec Douglas-Home and Quintin Hogg. Rab Butler was also in the running for the post, but Douglas-Home was finally chosen to succeed Macmillan. This was seen as controversial, for it was alleged that Macmillan had pulled strings and used the party's grandees, nicknamed "The Magic Circle", to ensure that Butler was once again overlooked.

In the Douglas-Home ministry, Rab Butler became Foreign Secretary, and Henry Brooke replaced Butler as Home Secretary. Reginald Maudling continued as Chancellor, while Quintin Hogg remained as Lord President of the Council and Minister for Sports. He could not continue as Leader of the House of Lords, having ceased to be a member of it, but was made Minister for Education in April 1964. Selwyn Lloyd also returned to the government after a one-year absence, as Leader of the House of Commons. Douglas-Home's government was defeated in the October 1964 general election. He remained party leader until July 1965.

The 1957–1964 Conservative government saw several emerging figures who would later attain high office. Future Prime Minister Edward Heath became a member of the cabinet for the first time as Minister of Labour and National Service in 1959, while another future Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, held her first government post in 1961 as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Pensions. The government also included future Chancellor Anthony Barber, future Home Secretary and Deputy Prime Minister William Whitelaw and future Secretary of State for Education and Science Sir Keith Joseph. Other notable government members included Enoch Powell, Lord Carrington, David Ormsby-Gore, John Profumo, Christopher Soames, Bill Deedes, Airey Neave and the Marquess of Salisbury.

January 1957 – October 1959

 * Harold Macmillan: Prime Minister
 * The Viscount Kilmuir: Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
 * The Marquess of Salisbury: Leader of the House of Lords and Lord President of the Council
 * Rab Butler: Leader of the House of Commons and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal and Home Secretary
 * Peter Thorneycroft: Chancellor of the Exchequer
 * Selwyn Lloyd: Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
 * Alan Lennox-Boyd: Secretary of State for the Colonies
 * The Earl of Home: Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations
 * Sir David Eccles: President of the Board of Trade
 * Charles Hill: Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
 * The Viscount Hailsham: Minister of Education
 * John Scott Maclay: Secretary of State for Scotland
 * Derick Heathcoat Amory: Minister of Agriculture
 * Iain Macleod: Minister of Labour and National Service
 * Harold Arthur Watkinson: Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation
 * Duncan Edwin Sandys: Minister of Defence
 * The Lord Mills: Minister of Power
 * Henry Brooke: Minister of Housing and Local Government and Welsh Affairs

Changes

 * March 1957 – Earl of Home succeeds Marquess of Salisbury as Lord President, remaining also Commonwealth Relations Secretary.
 * September 1957 – Viscount Hailsham succeeds Earl of Home as Lord President, Home remaining Commonwealth Relations Secretary. Geoffrey Lloyd succeeds Hailsham as Minister of Education. The Paymaster-General, Reginald Maudling, enters the Cabinet.
 * January 1958 – Derick Heathcoat Amory succeeds Peter Thorneycroft as Chancellor of the Exchequer. John Hare succeeds Amory as Minister of Agriculture.

October 1959 – July 1960

 * Harold Macmillan: Prime Minister
 * The Viscount Kilmuir: Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
 * The Earl of Home: Lord President of the Council and Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations
 * The Viscount Hailsham: Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal and Minister of Science
 * Derick Heathcoat Amory: Chancellor of the Exchequer
 * Rab Butler: Home Secretary
 * Selwyn Lloyd: Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
 * Iain Macleod: Secretary of State for the Colonies
 * Reginald Maudling: President of the Board of Trade
 * Charles Hill: Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
 * Sir David Eccles: Minister of Education
 * The Lord Mills: Paymaster General
 * Ernest Marples: Minister of Transport
 * Duncan Edwin Sandys: Minister of Aviation
 * Harold Arthur Watkinson: Minister of Defence
 * John Scott Maclay: Secretary of State for Scotland
 * Edward Heath: Minister of Labour and National Service
 * John Hare: Minister of Agriculture
 * Henry Brooke: Minister of Housing and Local Government and Welsh Affairs

July 1960 – October 1961

 * Harold Macmillan: Prime Minister
 * The Viscount Kilmuir: Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
 * The Viscount Hailsham: Lord President of the Council and Minister of Science
 * Selwyn Lloyd: Chancellor of the Exchequer
 * The Earl of Home: Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
 * Edward Heath: Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
 * Rab Butler: Home Secretary
 * Iain Macleod: Secretary of State for the Colonies
 * Duncan Edwin Sandys: Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations
 * Reginald Maudling: President of the Board of Trade
 * Charles Hill: Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
 * Sir David Eccles: Minister of Education
 * The Lord Mills: Paymaster General
 * Ernest Marples: Minister of Transport
 * Peter Thorneycroft: Minister of Aviation
 * Harold Arthur Watkinson: Minister of Defence
 * John Scott Maclay: Secretary of State for Scotland
 * John Hare: Minister of Labour
 * Christopher Soames: Minister of Agriculture
 * Henry Brooke: Minister of Housing and Local Government and Welsh Affairs

October 1961 – July 1962

 * Harold Macmillan: Prime Minister
 * The Viscount Kilmuir: Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
 * The Viscount Hailsham: Lord President of the Council and Minister of Science
 * Selwyn Lloyd: Chancellor of the Exchequer
 * The Earl of Home: Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
 * Edward Heath: Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
 * Rab Butler: Home Secretary
 * Reginald Maudling: Secretary of State for the Colonies
 * Duncan Edwin Sandys: Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations
 * Frederick Erroll: President of the Board of Trade
 * Iain Macleod: Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
 * Sir David Eccles: Minister of Education
 * Henry Brooke: Chief Secretary to the Treasury and Paymaster General
 * Ernest Marples: Minister of Transport
 * Peter Thorneycroft: Minister of Aviation
 * Harold Arthur Watkinson: Minister of Defence
 * John Scott Maclay: Secretary of State for Scotland
 * John Hare: Minister of Labour
 * Christopher Soames: Minister of Agriculture
 * Charles Hill: Minister of Housing and Local Government and Welsh Affairs
 * The Lord Mills: Minister without Portfolio

July 1962 – October 1963
In a radical reshuffle dubbed "The Night of the Long Knives", Macmillan sacked a third of his Cabinet and instituted many other changes.
 * Harold Macmillan: Prime Minister
 * Rab Butler: Deputy Prime Minister and First Secretary of State
 * The Viscount Dilhorne: Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
 * The Viscount Hailsham: Lord President of the Council and Minister of Science
 * Henry Brooke: Home Secretary
 * The Earl of Home: Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
 * Edward Heath: Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
 * Reginald Maudling: Chancellor of the Exchequer
 * Duncan Edwin Sandys: Secretary of State for the Colonies and Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations
 * Frederick Erroll: President of the Board of Trade
 * Iain Macleod: Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
 * Sir Edward Boyle: Minister of Education
 * John Boyd-Carpenter: Chief Secretary to the Treasury and Paymaster General
 * Ernest Marples: Minister of Transport
 * Julian Amery: Minister of Aviation
 * Peter Thorneycroft: Minister of Defence
 * Michael Noble: Secretary of State for Scotland
 * John Hare: Minister of Labour
 * Christopher Soames: Minister of Agriculture
 * Sir Keith Joseph: Minister of Housing and Local Government and Welsh Affairs
 * Enoch Powell: Minister of Health
 * Bill Deedes: Minister without Portfolio

October 1963 – October 1964

 * Sir Alec Douglas-Home (Known as the Earl of Home until October 23): Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury
 * The Viscount Dilhorne: Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
 * Quintin Hogg (Known as Viscount Hailsham until November 20): Lord President of the Council and Minister of Science
 * Selwyn Lloyd: Leader of the House of Commons and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
 * Reginald Maudling: Chancellor of the Exchequer
 * Rab Butler: Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
 * Henry Brooke: Home Secretary
 * Sir Keith Joseph: Minister of Housing and Local Government
 * Peter Thorneycroft: Minister of Defence
 * Julian Amery: Minister of Aviation
 * Ernest Marples: Minister of Transport
 * Frederick Erroll: Minister of Power
 * Edward Heath: Secretary of State for Industry, Trade, and Regional Development and President of the Board of Trade
 * Duncan Sandys: Secretary of State for the Colonies and Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations
 * Sir Edward Boyle: Minister of Education
 * Anthony Barber: Minister of Health
 * John Boyd-Carpenter: Chief Secretary to the Treasury and Paymaster General
 * Joseph Godber: Minister of Labour
 * Geoffrey Rippon: Minister of Public Works
 * Christopher Soames: Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
 * Michael Noble: Secretary of State for Scotland
 * The Viscount Blakenham: Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
 * William Deedes: Minister without Portfolio
 * The Lord Carrington: Leader of the House of Lords and Minister without Portfolio

Changes

 * April 1964 – Quintin Hogg became Secretary of State for Education and Science. Peter Thorneycroft's position became Secretary of State for Defence. Sir Edward Boyle left the cabinet

List of ministers
Members of the Cabinet are in bold face.

title: Conservative government, 1957–1964


text:
Lord's Taverners

The Lord's Taverners is a UK youth cricket and disability sports charity. Its charitable objective is to empower and positively impact the lives of young people facing challenges of inequality.

Lord's Taverners was founded in 1950 by a group of actors and BBC employees, led by founding Chairman and Martin Boddey and including John Mills, Jack Hawkins, John Snagge, Roy Plomley, Gordon Crier, and Brian Johnston. The founders were inspired by watching cricket from the Lord's Tavern pub in St John's Wood Road, close by Lord's Cricket Ground.

The charity's headquarters are located in London, with support in over 50 regions. The Lord's Taverners also benefit from the fundraising activities of Regional Committees and its 5,000 members, many of them work in sport and entertainment. The list includes Sir Michael Parkinson, Sir Alastair Cook, Sir Andrew Strauss, Greg James, Miles Jupp, Dame Tanni Grey-Thompson, Jonathan Agnew and Mike Gatting.

History
The Lord's Taverners was formed in 1950, the week after the West Indies' victory over England in the second Lord's Test Match. Initially, money raised each year was given to the National Playing Fields Association (now known as Fields in Trust ) on the recommendation of The Duke of Edinburgh, Patron and 'Twelfth Man' of The Lord's Taverners.

The existence of the Lord's Taverners and the involvement of early members can be broadly summarised by the following:"'We've all got professional and sporting interests in common. So why not start a club, based at the beloved old tavern here. We can talk about our work and watch the cricket. And we can try to put a few bob back into the game at the same time.'"By the time of the first annual dinner in September 1951, the Lord's Taverners had developed a membership programme - mirrored in much of the charity's activities today. Within the first year, the membership included Laurence Olivier, Jack Hawkins, Trevor Howard, Tommy Trinder and Richard Attenborough from the acting world, alongside John Arlott, Brian Johnston, FR Brown, AER Gilligan, RC Roberston-Glasgow, Rex Alston and Sir Pelham Warner from cricket. The mix of business and cricket continues to be the core of the charity membership, whilst other sports such as golf are also represented.

The first official cricket match in the history of the charity was played in August 1953 against Bishops Stortford CC. Denis Compton scored 36 in one over. Subsequently, celebrity cricket matches emerged and continue to be one of the core fundraising activities of the Taverners. Teams are a mixture of former Test and County cricketers with stars of stage, screen and sound along with those from other sports. Under the stewardship of former Kent wicketkeeper Derek Ufton, the Taverners hit their first £100,000 target in a season. Under his successor John Price, the charity now exceeds this figure each year.

From 1972, under Secretary (and later Director) Captain Anthony Swainson RN, the charity's membership expanded through the newly created category of 'Friends of the Lord's Taverners', whilst the charity expanded outwards from London, developing a series of regional bases. Thus the Taverners turned from a club to a "major charity".

There are now 50 regions, fundraising entities in their own right, who collectively raise over £1m per year. The membership change and geographical expansion was accompanied by the development of the Lord's Taverners charitable remit in 1975 (beyond support for the NPFA) when money was first channelled towards providing recreation for young people with disabilities. This programme initially focused on the provision of the 'trademark' green minibuses which provide recreational opportunities for organisations looking after young people with special needs. The 1,000th minibus was delivered at the climax of the 2012 cricket season;

Charitable Programmes
The Lord's Taverners works closely with the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB), who are the charity's principal advisers on how funds to youth cricket should be spent, as well as the MCC, the English Schools Cricket Association and the NPFA. Every year, the Lord's Taverners donates over £3 million to help young people of all abilities and backgrounds participate in sporting activities.

Community cricket

 * Wicketz - a cricket programme that aims to support young people in disadvantaged areas of the UK where clubs provide a safe, structured environment where for young people to enjoy the physical and social benefits of playing cricket while developing life skills.
 * Brian Johnston Memorial Trust - a trust fund set up in memory of the late broadcaster Brian Johnston. The trust supports the ECB spin bowling programme, visually impaired young cricketers, and provides scholarships for young male and female cricketers who are in genuine financial need.
 * Girls' Cricket - the Lady Taverners U13 and U15 indoor (schools) and outdoor (clubs) girls' cricket competitions have given over 110,000 girls the opportunity to enjoy competitive cricket providing a framework to play at an informal and more competitive level. Almost half of the current England Women's Squad have developed through the competitions including Heather Knight, Anya Shrubsole and Sarah Taylor.
 * Awards - recognising cricketing achievement by young players. There are three awards for young people under the age of 18: The Centurions Award which recognises a batsman scoring their first hundred; The Five-Fer Award which recognises a player taking their first five-wicket haul; The Captain's Award for someone who has demonstrated great leadership over the course of a season.

Disability cricket

 * Table Cricket - played on a table tennis table, Table Cricket is an adaptive form of cricket enabling young people with physical and learning disabilities to take part in the sport with regional competitions culminating in a finals day every year at the Nursery Pavilion at Lord's Cricket Ground.
 * Disability Cricket Championships - the Lord's Taverners Disability Cricket Championships (LTDCC) is a regular year-round competition and coaching programme for 1,000 disabled young people across 16 London boroughs, supported by the Berkeley Foundation.

Grants programmes

 * Accessible Minibuses - providing accessible transport to schools and organisations (specially adapted minibuses) for young people with disabilities since 1976.
 * Wheelchair Sports - contributions to the development of junior wheelchair basketball, support for the U19 Boccia Championships, and the donation of sports wheelchairs to disabled young people.
 * Disability Play Spaces - providing grants for sensory rooms and equipment and outdoor play spaces for children with severe learning and physical disabilities, sensory impairment and autism.
 * Disability Cricket Resources - in partnership with the ECB, investment has been made in a wide range of resources to give support amongst coaches within disability cricket.

Sports Kit Recycling
The Lord's Taverners kit recycling programme equips UK clubs and developing nations with kit donated by manufacturers, clubs and members of the public.

The Lady Taverners
UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was a key figure in the formation of the Lady Taverners. Traditionally, each Prime Minister has been made a member of the Lord's Taverners. As a result of Thatcher's electoral victory in 1979, the Honorary Lady Taverners were formed. In early 1980, David Evans invited Thatcher to become the first Honorary Lady Taverner.

Thatcher became a Lady Taverner alongside twenty three other ladies, invited by then Lord's Taverners president Eric Morecambe. They were ladies who had helped at cricket matches and those who had organised a tombola at the President's Ball, including Ann Barrington, Anne Subba Row, Heyhoe Flint, Marjorie Gover, Judith Chalmers, Betty Surridge and Joan Morecambe.

As of 2016, the Lady Taverners had a membership of over 1,000 and drew members from the sporting, show business and corporate worlds.

The Lord's Taverners Presidents

 * Sir John Mills (1950–1951)
 * John Snagge (1952)
 * Martin Boddey (1953)
 * Jack Hawkins (1954)
 * Major A Huskisson (1955)
 * Tommy Trinder (1956)
 * Stephen Mitchell (1957)
 * Sir John Barbirolli (1958)
 * Sir Ian Jacob (1959)
 * The Duke of Edinburgh (1960–1961)
 * Sir Robert Menzies (1962)
 * Richard Hearne (1963)
 * John Snagge (1964)
 * Sir Edward Lewis (1965)
 * Ronnie Waldman (1966)
 * Sir Harry Secombe (1967–1968)
 * Lord Luke of Pavenham (1969)
 * Brian Rix, Baron Rix (1970)
 * Martin Boddey (1971)
 * Victor Silvester (1972)
 * Jimmy Edwards (1973)
 * Alf Gover (1974)
 * The Prince of Wales (1975–1976)
 * Eric Morecambe (1977–1979)
 * Sir Harry Secombe (1980–1981)
 * Ronnie Corbett (1982)
 * Sir Terry Wogan (1983–1984)
 * Sir David Frost (1985–1986)
 * Ronnie Corbett (1987)
 * Sir Tim Rice (1988–1990)
 * Leslie Crowther (1991–1992)
 * The Prince Edward (1993–1994)
 * Colin Cowdrey, Baron Cowdrey of Tonbridge (1995–1997)
 * Nicholas Parsons (1998–1999)
 * Sir Tim Rice (2000)
 * Robert Powell (2001–2002)
 * Sir Richard Stilgoe (2003–2004)
 * Mike Gatting (2005–2007)
 * Bill Tidy (2007–2009)
 * Chris Tarrant (2009–2011)
 * Barry Norman (2011–2012)
 * Chris Cowdrey (2012–2015)
 * Sir Michael Parkinson (2015–2018)
 * Sir Trevor McDonald (2018–2020)
 * David Gower (2020–Present)

In 2007 Sir Bobby Robson was to have succeeded Mike Gatting as president, although was unable to do so due to his ill-health. The charity later praised Robson posthumously with a March 2010 formal dinner in aid of the Sir Bobby Robson Foundation, in honour of "The best President we never had".

The Lord's Taverners Chairmen

 * Martin Boddey (1950–1952)
 * Michael Shepley (1953)
 * Stephen Mitchell (1954)
 * John Glyn-Jones (1955)
 * John Snagge (1956)
 * Jack Payne (1958–1959)
 * Ronnie Waldman (1959)
 * John Snagge (1960–1961)
 * Leslie Frewin (1962)
 * Roy Rich (1963–1964)
 * A C L Bennett (1965–1966)
 * Ronnie Waldman (1967)
 * Jack Rayfield (1968–1969)
 * Ian Carmichael (1970–1971)
 * Mark Mothio (1972–1973)
 * Peter Palmer (1974–1975)
 * John Josling (1976–1977)
 * Chris Howland (1978–1979)
 * Neil Durden-Smith (1980–1981)
 * David Evans (1982–1983)
 * John Bromley (1984–1985)
 * Mervyn Grubb (1986–1987)
 * Robin Moors (1988–1989)
 * Derek Ufton (1990–1991)
 * Brian Baldock (1992–1994)
 * Ken Lawrence (1995–1996)
 * John Bromley (1997–1999)
 * Roger Smith (2000–2001)
 * John Ayling (2002–2003)
 * Richard Groom (2004–2006)
 * Jonathan Rice (2006–2008)
 * John Hooper (2008–2010)
 * John Ayling (2010–2012)
 * Tom Rodwell (2012–2014)
 * Roger Smith (2014–2016)
 * Martin Smith (2016–2017)
 * David Collier (2018–2020)
 * Tim Luckhurst (2020–Present)

The Lady Taverners Presidents

 * Joan Morecambe (1987–1992)
 * Judith Chalmers (1992–2001)
 * Rachael Heyhoe Flint (2001–2011)
 * Angela Rippon (2011–2016)
 * Lesley Garrett (2016–2018)
 * Debbie McGee (2018–present)

The Lady Taverners Chairmen

 * Anne Subba Row (1985–1986)
 * Diana Thomas (1987–1988)
 * Maria Moult (1989–1990)
 * Wendy Caller (1991–1992)
 * Laura Collins (1993–1994)
 * Lesley Balls (1995–1996)
 * Chrissie Colbeck (acting) (1997–1998)
 * Jean Ratcliff (1998–2000)
 * Judy Haggas (2000–2002)
 * Dulcie Quinnell (2003–2004)
 * Annie Peacock (2004–2005)
 * Dame Maggie Smith (2006–2008)
 * Denise Horne (2008–2010)
 * Sally Surridge (2010–2012)
 * Marilyn Fry (2012–2014)
 * Carol Robinson (2014–Present)

title: Lord's Taverners


text:
Railtown 1897 State Historic Park

Railtown 1897 State Historic Park, and its operating entity, the Sierra Railway, is known as "The Movie Railroad." Both entities are a heritage railway and are a unit of the California State Park System. Railtown 1897 is located in Jamestown, California. The entire park preserves the historic core of the original Sierra Railway of California (later reincorporated as the Sierra Railroad). The railway's Jamestown locomotive and rolling stock maintenance facilities are remarkably intact and continue to function much as they have for over 100 years. The maintenance facilities are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Sierra Railway Shops Historic District.

History
The Sierra Railway served the West Side Lumber Company mill at Tuolumne, as well as the Standard (later Pickering) Lumber Company in Standard, California. The West Side operated an extensive narrow gauge logging railroad in the Sierra Nevada range. It operated into the 1960s, and was the last of the narrow-gauge logging railways operating in the American West. The Pickering Lumber Company operated an extensive logging railroad that extended northeast of Standard all the way north to what is now the South Grove of Big Trees State Park.

Since 1929, when The Virginian was filmed with the Sierra No 3, the Sierra Railway properties have been a major resource to the motion picture industry. Over 200 movies, TV shows, and commercials have featured Railtown and its trains. Sierra's tracks, locomotives and cars have long been seen on the silver screen; film credits include Go West with the Marx Brothers, High Noon, 3:10 To Yuma (1957) featured #3 in the end of the movie, as well as Back to the Future Part III. Television programs that regularly used the Sierra property include Wild, Wild West, Iron Horse, Tales of Wells Fargo, and Petticoat Junction. The Sierra No. 3 locomotive and Sierra's coach number 5 were the Hooterville Cannonball. Locomotive No. 3 was also used in numerous episodes of Little House on the Prairie.

The Railtown 1897 State Historic Park was one of the 48 California state parks proposed for closure in January 2008 by California's Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger as part of a deficit reduction program, though it did not close.

In May 2011, California State Parks announced the closure of Railtown 1897 along with 69 other parks. The closing was anticipated in July 2012, but due to the efforts of locals and enthusiasts, Railtown 1897 remained open and has received funding to make major repairs to the Sierra No. 28, a steam locomotive original to the Sierra Railway and a mainstay of passenger operations for the park.

The California State Railroad Museum (CSRM), headquartered in Old Sacramento, assumed responsibility for Railtown 1897 State Historic Park on July 1, 1992.

Operations
In addition to seasonal steam and diesel-powered train rides, the Railtown experience includes tours of the locomotive roundhouse originally built in 1910, the machine shop, and related exhibits. Movie paraphernalia used in filming train sequences is on display.

Volunteer opportunities are available to help preserve and educate the public about the park. Duties include giving tours of the roundhouse as well as delivering speeches about the locomotives and the surrounding areas while on a short train-ride tour.

title: Railtown 1897 State Historic Park