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Talk:Australian Rugby League

Content moved to Australian Rugby League Commission
The Australian Rugby League Commission Limited is the same company as the Australian Rugby League Limited, just re-named and re-constituted.

Apparently over-zealous rugby league fans and editors over a period of nine years didn't realize it is the same organization and created separate articles under each name with confused content.

Content merged and page redirected.

Under 14
Are you aloud to shoulder charge in under14 using international rugby league rules
 * No. It might be international rules but safe-play code still applies.--Alexio 12:06, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

ARL Logo
The ARL Logo appears three times on this page at the top. Is this necessary? If nobody objects, I will reduce this to one.--dan, dan and dan 21:50, 6 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah no problem deleting the third one. But keep in mind that there are two different logo designs on the page, so perhaps we should keep a copy of both the new logo and the old logo. Up to you. --mdmanser 00:01, 7 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Okay. I have left the Optus Cup version in as that seems to most fit in with what is there. That said, they are very similar logos, but.. :-) --dan, dan and dan 06:21, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

the rugby league news
if this is not the sort of posting you usually have on this site I apologise in advance and will be happy to see it removed

i have come across eighteen copies of a "newspaper" titled "the rugby league news".. copies dating from 1967 and including souvenir first test edition against New Zealand at Sydney Cricket ground, June 10 1967, but I cannot find any mention of it on any of the Australian rugby league sites

can anybody please enlighten me

Many thanks

John Kearney, Merseyside U.K. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.3.171.58 (talk) 10:33, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Hi, see Big League.  LunarLander  //  talk  // 13:33, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

RUGBY LEAGUE NEWS
NOT TOO SURE HOW TO REPLY TO PERSON WHO DIRECTED ME ELSEWHERE ON THE INTERNET IN RESPONSE TO MY QUERY..I HOPE YOU WILL ACCEPT THIS POSTING AS A WAY OF SAYING THANK YOU VERY MUCH JOHN NEARNEY..MERSEYSIDE..UK —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.3.136.90 (talk) 17:57, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Australian Rugby League


text:
Talk:Marmite

In a section
A section labelled "ingredients" will be good.

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:22, 25 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Marmite logo.png

An outrageous insult
I always thought that Marmite was British and yet throughout the article we say European. Duh. -Roxy the grumpy dog . wooF 08:45, 25 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Full-fat oven-ready Marmite Brexit?? "Es war ein sehr kluger deutscher Mann, der dieses feine Produkt erfunden hat!" But yes, Unilever is a British company. Martinevans123 (talk) 14:03, 25 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Well according to the article, Marmite was invented by a German and the distinctive jar is also German.
 * I know that according to Wikipedia the Germans invented everything, but this really is taking the biscuit. A Marmite biscuit, of course! 88.87.126.220 (talk) 14:00, 28 February 2024 (UTC)

Savoury?
I have never seen or heard Marmite described as a savoury spread as defined here: "characteristic of broths and cooked meats" or even by Merriam-Webster definition. I'm not sure this is the correct adjective. Maineartists (talk) 19:03, 28 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Have you ever tried it? Genuine question. In my first year at secondary school I had a jar confiscated by the teacher because I was eating it by dipping my finger into the jar during his English lesson. I stole it back at the end of term. I cannot resist the savoury flavour to this day, about 55 years later. -Roxy the grumpy dog . wooF 19:42, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

 * Well, that's how its manufacturer describes it for example. GliderMaven (talk) 19:47, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

Serving size?
The nutritional information section gives the serving size as 8 g. However, it's hard to know from that just how big such a serving is. It would be very helpful if somebody who knew could add a comment to the section telling us how much that is in terms of volume. Is it a teaspoon full, a tablespoon, or what? JDZeff (talk) 22:58, 20 May 2022 (UTC)

 * I now have some Marmite, bought by mail-order as nobody local carries it. On the lable, it says that an 8 g serving is also one teaspoon, so I'll add that to the article. JDZeff (talk) 20:11, 24 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Sorry JDZ, I just removed it as unsourced. read my edsum and see what you think. - Roxy the grumpy dog . wooF 20:19, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Marmite


text:
User:R Lee E/Vegoose

Vegoose is a halloween music and arts festival last held October 29 thru October 30, 2005 in the city of Las Vegas at various venues throughout the valley, but primarily at Sam Boyd Stadium. It is slated to become an annual event. All musicians performed after noon on the formentioned dates. There was no onsite camping available. This was possibly an attempt by the event organizers (AC Entertainment and Superfly Productions) to encourage hotel room sales at the strip nearby. AC Entertainment and Superfly Productions also organized the massively popular annual music festival, Bonnaroo. Other venues include House of Blues, The Joint at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino, The Aladdin Theatre, The Orleans Arena, and others.

Sam Boyd Stadium

 * Dave Matthews & Friends
 * Widespread Panic
 * Jack Johnson
 * Beck
 * Phil Lesh & Friends
 * The Meters
 * Trey Anastasio
 * The Arcade Fire
 * The Flaming Lips
 * The String Cheese Incident
 * Primus
 * Ween
 * The Shins
 * moe.
 * Spoon
 * Talib Kweli
 * Sleater-Kinney
 * Gov't Mule
 * Digable Planets
 * North Mississippi Allstars
 * Michael Franti & Spearhead
 * The Decemberists
 * Umphrey's McGee
 * Atmosphere
 * Blackalicious
 * The Magic Numbers
 * Lyrics Born
 * Devendra Banhart
 * ALO

Vegoose at Night

 * Dave Matthews & Tim Reynolds
 * Widespread Panic
 * Phil Lesh & Friends (featuring Ryan Adams
 * Trey Anastasio
 * The String Cheese Incident
 * Ween
 * Galactic
 * moe.
 * STS9

title: User:R Lee E/Vegoose


text:
Leslie Bibb

Leslie Louise Bibb (born November 17, 1974)   is an American actress and model. Bibb first appeared on television in 1996 with minor roles in a few series, and on film in 1997 with a small role in Private Parts. Her first recurring TV role was in The Big Easy (1997). For her role as Brooke McQueen on the WB Network dramedy series Popular, she received a Teen Choice Award for Television Choice Actress. She has appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Christine Everhart in Iron Man (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), What If...? (2021), and several viral marketing campaigns in which the character hosts WHIH Newsfront. She appeared as Grace Sampson/ Lady Liberty in the Netflix series Jupiter's Legacy (2021). Bibb starred in the 2012 television series GCB and in the 2024 television series Palm Royale.

Early life
Bibb was born in Bismarck, North Dakota, and raised in Lovingston in Nelson County, Virginia. Her father died three years after she was born. Bibb subsequently moved to Richmond, Virginia, with her mother and three older sisters, where she attended the all-girls Catholic private school Saint Gertrude High School.

Modeling
In 1990, when Bibb was sixteen years old, The Oprah Winfrey Show and the Elite Agency held a nationwide modeling search. The celebrity judges – John Casablancas, Naomi Campbell, Linda Evangelista, and Iman – chose Bibb as the winner.

After finishing her junior year, Bibb flew to New York City to sign a contract with Elite Agency and modeled over that summer and went on a trip to Japan. Bibb returned to the United States for her senior year and graduated in 1991.

Throughout her modeling career, Bibb has appeared on the cover of several magazines, including CosmoGirl, 944, Seventeen, Gear, Paper, L'Officiel, Teen, FHM, Stuff, YM and Fit. She was featured on the 2001 FHM calendar and on the Maxim Uncut 2001 15-Month calendar. In 2008, Bibb appeared in a television commercial for Almay Pure Blends.

Acting
Bibb first appeared on television in 1996, playing in episodes of Pacific Blue and Home Improvement. Her first film role came in the Howard Stern comedy Private Parts. This was followed by her first television series, where she replaced the departed Susan Walters as the female lead in the second season of The Big Easy. Most critics panned the show, and it was canceled months later after low ratings. She appeared in the romantic drama Touch Me (1997) and had a supporting role in the film This Space Between Us (1999). In 1999, Bibb had her big break appearing as a lead character on the WB Network television series Popular. Her role was Brooke McQueen, the most popular girl at Kennedy High School who is beautiful, a straight-A student, and a cheerleader. The show was a major success among teenagers and led Bibb to more recognizable film roles. The show garnered her a Teen Choice Award for Television Choice Actress and a Young Hollywood Award nomination for Exciting New Face – Female. During the series, she filmed the psychological thriller The Skulls (1999), as the classmate, friend and love interest of one of the main characters. The Skulls received a negative reception from critics but was a box-office success. She received a role in the 2001 comedy See Spot Run, playing a single mother who spends most of the film on her own Planes, Trains and Automobiles–style adventure.

Bibb was cast in a recurring role on the series ER and played the lead character on the television series Line of Fire. Bibb joined the cast of Crossing Jordan as Detective Lu Simmons until Season 6. She appeared as Desiree in the independent film Wristcutters: A Love Story (2006). Wristcutters revolved around two characters who fall in love in purgatory after committing suicide. The film was nominated for the Sundance Film Festival's Grand Jury Prize, two Independent Spirit Awards and the Humanitas Prize. That year, she played Will Ferrell's character's wife Carley in the comedy feature film Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby. Recalling acting with Ferrell during an interview with TV Guide, she said he was "just funny. And he has no qualms about making something funnier for you, even at his expense."

Bibb also starred in the unaired sitcom Atlanta as Jessica. She was cast as Dr. Miranda Storm in Sex and Death 101, a black comedy, which was released direct-to-video in 2007. She appeared as a Vanity Fair reporter named Christine Everhart in the action film Iron Man (2008). In an interview, Bibb said about her character in the film: "she has a very strong sense of right and wrong, of good and evil, and I loved her passion." In 2008, Bibb starred as Maya Jones in the Ryuhei Kitamura–directed horror film The Midnight Meat Train (2008), based on Clive Barker's 1984 short story of the same name.

In the comedy Confessions of a Shopaholic (2009), she portrayed the rival of the main character. Confessions of a Shopaholic was panned by film critics but was a success at the box office. She had a pivotal recurring role on the NBC series Kings as Katrina Ghent and played Sarah Lowell in the thriller film Law Abiding Citizen (2009), which was released on October 16, 2009. The film was poorly received by critics.

In 2010, she reprised her role as Everhart in the sequel to Iron Man, Iron Man 2. The film is Bibb's biggest box-office success, with a worldwide gross of $621.8 million. Later in 2010, she starred in the independent comedy Miss Nobody, for which she also served as co-producer. For her performance, she won the Best Actress Award at the 26th Boston Film Festival. She was praised by critic Alissa Simon of Variety, who wrote "as she proved in Goran Dukic's Wristcutters: A Love Story, statuesque star Bibb is a smart actress willing to give herself totally to a role. As the sweetly goofy murderess, she takes pratfalls, suffers endless groping and sports unbecoming attire." Bibb also appeared in Kevin James' The Zookeeper, released in 2011. In 2012, Bibb starred as Amanda Vaughn on the ABC series GCB, which debuted on March 4, 2012, but the show was cancelled after 10 episodes. Bibb starred in the Neil LaBute play Reasons to be Happy, which premiered in June 2013 at MCC Theater in New York.

In 2016, Bibb starred in the first season of YouTube Red original show Rhett & Link's Buddy System. She also appeared in an episode of the show's second season, which was released in 2017. She began recurring on ABC's American Housewife in 2016, playing the divorced next-door neighbor Viv. In 2017, Bibb starred in the Netflix comedy-horror film The Babysitter. She reprised her role in its 2020 sequel The Babysitter: Killer Queen. Also in 2017, she was cast as Susan Rollins in the comedy film Tag. In February 2019, it was announced that Bibb had been cast as Grace Sampson in the Netflix superhero series Jupiter's Legacy. In December 2020, she was cast in horror thriller The Inhabitant.

Bibb joined Netflix's workplace comedy series God's Favorite Idiot as Satan in March 2021. In September 2021, she was tapped to play Ellie in comedy film About My Father.

Other projects
Bibb is a supporter of Friends of El Faro, a grassroots non-profit organization that helps raise money for Casa Hogar Sion, an orphanage in Tijuana, Mexico.

In 2008, Revlon announced that its Almay brand has signed Bibb as its ambassador. She has acted as a spokeswoman for Revlon's new and existing cosmetics collections and has appeared in global multi-media campaigns.

In the fourth quarter of 2010, Bibb partnered with the non-profit LIFE Foundation by serving as the national spokesperson for Life Insurance Awareness Month.

She posed nude for the May 2012 issue of Allure magazine - alongside Maria Menounos, Debra Messing, Taraji P. Henson, and Morena Baccarin.

Personal life
Bibb married investment banker Rob Born on November 22, 2003, in Zihuatanejo, Mexico. They divorced on December 7, 2004.

She has been in a relationship with actor Sam Rockwell since 2007, when they reportedly met in Los Angeles as he was filming Frost/Nixon. They both appeared in Iron Man 2 and Don Verdean.

title: Leslie Bibb


text:
Talk:Product software market analysis

This appears to be an almost exact duplicate of the Market analysis for product software page? --MarkWahl 03:41, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Product software market analysis


text:
User:RAFowell

I've become interested in Sudoku, and am currently trying to help with that entry. This is my only experience to date on the Wikipedia, though I am a long time editor on dmoz, and I added some minor edits to a chess Wiki a while back.

title: User:RAFowell


text: Template:NSWPL

title: Template:NSWPL


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Talk:Market analysis for product software

This appears to be an almost exact duplicate of the Product software market analysis page? --MarkWahl 03:41, 29 August 2005 (UTC)


text:
Alterity

Alterity is a philosophical and anthropological term meaning "otherness", that is, the "other of two" (Latin alter). It is also increasingly being used in media to express something other than "sameness", or something outside of tradition or convention.

Philosophy
Within the phenomenological tradition, alterity is usually understood as the entity in contrast to which an identity is constructed, and it implies the ability to distinguish between self and not-self, and consequently to assume the existence of an alternative viewpoint. The concept was further developed by Emmanuel Levinas in a series of essays, collected in Altérité et transcendance (Alterity and Transcendence) (1995).

Castoriadis
For Cornelius Castoriadis (L'institution imaginaire de la société, 1975; The Imaginary Institution of Society, 1997) radical alterity/otherness (altérité radicale) denotes the element of creativity in history: "For what is given in and through history is not the determined sequence of the determined but the emergence of radical otherness, immanent creation, non-trivial novelty."

Baudrillard
For Jean Baudrillard (Figures de l'alterité, 1994; Radical Alterity, 2008), alterity is a precious and transcendent element and its loss would seriously impoverish a world culture of increasing sameness and "arrogant, insular cultural narcissism."

Spivak
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's theory of alterity was introduced in a 2014 symposium titled Remaking History, the intention of which was to challenge the masculine orthodoxy of history writing.

According to Spivak, it is imperative for one to uncover the histories and inherent historical behaviors in order to exercise an individual right to authentic experience, identity and reality. Within the concept of socially constructed histories one "must take into account the dangerous fragility and tenacity of these concept-metaphors."

Spivak recalls her personal history: "As a postcolonial, I am concerned with the appropriation of 'alternative history' or 'histories'. I am not a historian by training.  I cannot claim disciplinary expertise in remaking history in the sense of rewriting it.  But I can be used as an example of how historical narratives are negotiated.  The parents of my parents' grandparents' grandparents were made over, not always without their consent, by the political, fiscal and educational intervention of British imperialism, and now I am independent.  Thus I am, in the strictest sense, a postcolonial."

Spivak uses four "master words" to identify the modes of being that create alterity: "Nationalism, Internationalism, Secularism and Culturalism." Furthermore, tools for developing alternative histories include: "gender, race, ethnicity, class".

Other thinkers
Jeffery Nealon, in Alterity Politics: Ethics and Performative Subjectivity, argues that "ethics is constituted as an inexorable affirmative response to different identities, not through an inability to understand or totalize the other."

There is included a long article on alterity in the University of Chicago's Theories of Media: Keywords Glossary by Joshua Wexler. Wexler writes: "Given the various theorists formulations presented here, the mediation of alterity or otherness in the world provides a space for thinking about the complexities of self and other and the formation of identity."

The concept of alterity is also being used in theology and in spiritual books meant for general readers. This is not out of place because, for believers in the Judeo-Christian tradition, God is the ultimate 'Other'. Alterity has also been used to describe the goal of many Christians, to become themselves deeply "other" than the usual norms of behavior and patterns of thought of the secular culture at large. Enzo Bianchi in Echoes of the Word expresses this well, "Meditation always seeks to open us to alterity, love and communion by guiding us toward the goal of having in ourselves the same attitude and will that were in Christ Jesus."

Jadranka Skorin-Kapov in The Aesthetics of Desire and Surprise: Phenomenology and Speculation, relates alterity or otherness to newness and surprise, "The signification of the encounter with otherness is not in its novelty (or banal newness); on the contrary, newness has signification because it reveals otherness, because it allows the experience of otherness. Newness is related to surprise, it is a consequence of the encounter... Metaphysical desire is the acceptivity of irreducible otherness. Surprise is the consequence of the encounter. Between desire and surprise there is a pause, a void, a rupture, an immediacy that cannot be captured and presented."

Anthropology
In anthropology, alterity has been used by scholars such as Nicholas Dirks, Johannes Fabian, Michael Taussig and Pauline Turner Strong to refer to the construction of "cultural others".

Musicology
The term has gained further use in seemingly somewhat remote disciplines, e.g., historical musicology where it is employed by John Michael Cooper in a study of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Felix Mendelssohn.

title: Alterity


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Longwave (band)

Longwave is an American indie rock band. The band was formed in 1999 by guitarist, songwriter and vocalist Steve Schiltz; guitarist Shannon Ferguson; bassist David Marchese; and drummer Jeremy Greene. The band was active from 1999 to 2008. As of 2018 the band had reformed and was recording new music. Longwave's fifth album ‘’If We Ever Live Forever’’ was released October 25, 2019.

History
Before Longwave formed, Schiltz played guitar in a band called Scout, featuring vocalist Ashen Keilyn.

A few months after Schiltz left his hometown of Rochester, New York, he returned to play regular gigs at the Blue Sunday coffee house with a group called the Deaf Aides, named for John Lennon's comments that open the Let It Be album. Later renamed Longwave, their revolving cast of members eventually included bassist Marchese and drummer Greene, followed by Ferguson, who had been working in a studio as a bassist for various bands on the West Coast. The band, based in New York City, found its initial audience by performing a series of shows at the Luna Lounge club on Manhattan's Lower East Side.

Longwave's first release, the self-produced Endsongs, was released in 2000 on LunaSea Records, a record label created by Luna Lounge co-owner Rob Sacher. The album garnered notice in the burgeoning early 2000s New York City rock scene, and soon after the band began touring the U.S.

Greene left the band, and Schiltz's friend (and fellow Rochester native) Mike James (formerly Mike Lapiana) joined as drummer.

With their popularity on the rise, the band gained the interest of major record labels and were eventually signed by RCA Records. The subsequent second album, The Strangest Things (2002), was produced by Dave Fridmann (the Flaming Lips, Mercury Rev). They toured with some of the biggest bands of the period including the Strokes and the Vines. Three videos were produced for this album, including "Everywhere You Turn," which was directed by writer-director Daedalus Howell and featured Longwave performing at the Echo in Los Angeles.

After several successful years of touring the UK and US, and the release of a 2004 EP Life of the Party, Longwave returned to the studio to record their third album, There's a Fire. Produced by John Leckie, it was released in 2005. Marchese and James had both left the band, and Schiltz and Ferguson performed all of the bass guitar on the album. Nic Brown, who had previously filled in for James while touring, played drums on the album, while Jeff Sheinkopf played keyboards and guitar. By the time of the album's release, a new rhythm section had joined: bassist Paul Dillon and drummer Jason Molina. Dillon was later replaced by Morgan King.

Parting ways with RCA, they released their fourth album, Secrets Are Sinister, on November 11, 2008, on the Original Signal Recordings label and mounted a national tour with Blue October. The band then went on an extended hiatus.

Schiltz collaborated with Keilyn again on his project Hurricane Bells, releasing two albums: Tonight Is the Ghost (2010) and Tides and Tales (2011). In 2014, he collaborated with members of the band Blue October on the project Harvard of the South.

After leaving Longwave, James returned to Rochester and formed the Mercies. He later started his own band, Mikey Jukebox, and fronted Admirers.

On January 17, 2018, Longwave announced on the band's official Facebook page that they had resumed activity, saying, "We have been playing again. There is new music, and there will be shows". The current lineup features Schiltz, Ferguson and Molina, with new bassist Christian Bongers replacing King.

On November 14, 2018, Longwave shared the music video for their first single in more than a decade, "Stay With Me", released on the Bodan Kuma label. Dave Doobinin of Follette Films directed the video.

The next year, on July 26, 2019, they released a new single, "Dreamers Float Away", also on the Bodan Kuma label.

Band members

 * Steve Schiltz — guitars, vocals
 * Shannon Ferguson — guitars
 * Jason Molina — drums
 * Christian Bongers — bass

Previous members

 * David Marchese — bass
 * Jeremy Greene — drums
 * Mike James — drums
 * Nic Brown — drums
 * Jeff Sheinkopf — keyboards/guitars
 * Paul Dillon — bass guitar
 * Morgan King — bass

Studio albums

 * Endsongs (2000, LunaSea Records)
 * The Strangest Things (2003, RCA Records)
 * There's a Fire (2005, RCA Records)
 * Secrets Are Sinister (2008, Original Signal Recordings)
 * If We Ever Live Forever (2019, Bodan Kuma Recordings)

Singles and EPs

 * "Exit" single (2002, Hummer)
 * "Pool Song" single (2002, Hummer)
 * Day Sleeper EP (2002, Fenway Recordings)
 * "Everywhere You Turn" single (2003, 14th Floor Records)
 * "Day Sleeper" single (2003, 14th Floor Records)
 * "Wake Me When It's Over" single (2003, 14th Floor Records)
 * Tidal Wave EP (2004, BMG Funhouse)
 * Life of the Party EP (2004, RCA Records)
 * There's a Fire EP (2005, BMG Direct)
 * "Stay With Me" (2018, Bodan Kuma)
 * Dreamers Float Away (2019, Bodan Kuma)

title: Longwave (band)


text:
Leiningen family

The House of Leiningen is the name of an old German noble family whose lands lay principally in Alsace, Lorraine, Saarland, Rhineland, and the Palatinate. Various branches of this family developed over the centuries and ruled counties with Imperial immediacy.

Origins
The first count of Leiningen about whom anything definite is known was a certain Emich II (d. before 1138). He (and perhaps his father Emich I) built Leiningen Castle, which is now known as "Old Leiningen Castle" (German: Burg Altleiningen), around 1100 to 1110. Nearby Höningen Abbey was built around 1120 as the family's burial place.

This family became extinct in the male line when Count Frederick I died about 1220. Frederick I's sister, Liutgarde, married Simon II, Count of Saarbrücken. One of Liutgarde's sons, also named Frederick, inherited the lands of the counts of Leiningen, and he took their arms and their name as Frederick II (d. 1237). He became known as a Minnesinger, and one of his songs was included in the Codex Manesse. Before 1212, he built himself a new castle called Hardenburg, about 10 kilometers south of Altleiningen. This was outside the county of Leiningen on the territory of Limburg Abbey, of which his uncle was the overlord (Vogt), which caused some trouble.

His eldest son, Simon (c. 1204–1234), married Gertrude, heiress of the County of Dagsburg, bringing that property into the family. They had no children and Simon's two brothers inherited the county of Leiningen together: Frederick III (d. 1287) also inherited Dagsburg and Emich IV (d. c. 1276) Landeck Castle; he founded the town of Landau, but the Landeck branch extinguished with his grandson in 1290. Frederick III, who disliked sharing Leiningen castle with his brother, had a new castle built in 1238–41 about 5 kilometres northeast of Leiningen, called Neuleiningen Castle ("New Leiningen"). Frederick III's son, Frederick IV (d. 1316), had two sons, who divided the county into Leiningen-Dagsburg and Leiningen-Hardenburg.

Line of Descent
Note that different sources use different sequence numbers for some of the Counts. For consistency across sources, dates of birth and death are useful.

Earliest Counts

 * Emicho of Leiningen helped lead the German Crusade, 1096. His relationship to the others is unclear.
 * Emich I was Count of Leiningen in 1127, but it is unclear when he died, or his relation to the other counts.
 * Emich II is attested as Count of Leiningen in documents from 1143 to 1179
 * His son, Friedrich I had taken over the county by 1189
 * Emich III is attested as Count of Leiningen in documents from 1193 through 1208, though it is unclear his relationship to the previous Counts
 * Friedrich I, cousin of Emich III, was recorded as junior count under Emich in 1205, and as count in his own right from 1210 to 1217. A document from 1220 refers to his widow.

Saarbrücken Line

 * Simon II, Count of Saarbrücken married Liutgarde, the heiress of Leiningen whose descent from the original counts of Leiningen is unclear
 * Their son, Friedrich II (d. 1237) inherited the County of Leiningen
 * His son, Simon (c. 1204 – 16 Mar 1234) married Gertrude, heiress of the County of Dagsburg, bringing that property into the family.
 * Friedrich III, son of Friedrich II, (d. 1287) was attested as count in documents from 1239 and 1249, and married Adelheid of Kyburg
 * Their son, Friedrich IV (d. 1316), whose sons divided the County into Leiningen-Dagsburg and Leiningen-Hartenburg.
 * Emich IV, brother of Friedrich III (d. c. 1276) ruled a portion of the lands at Leiningen-Landeck
 * His son, Emich V (d. 1289), Count of Leiningen-Landeck had no heir.
 * Agnes (d. between 1299 and 1303) married Otto I, Count of Nassau
 * Kunigunde (d. 1311) married Heinrich I of Salm-Blamont (d. 1331)

Leiningen-Dagsburg (First Line)

 * Friedrich V (d. 1327), son of Friedrich IV, became Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg, today Dagsbourg at Dabo, Moselle, Lorraine (France)
 * Friedrich VI, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg (d. before 1342)
 * Friedrich VII, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg (d. before 1378)
 * Friedrich VIII, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg (1320 – 31 Oct 1387) married Jolanda of Jülich, granddaughter of Gerhard V of Jülich.
 * Yolantha (1352 – 24 Apr 1434). Her descendants include the Lords of Egmont and the Dukes of Guelders
 * Friedrich IX, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg
 * Hesso, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg, married Elisabeth, daughter of Ernest, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1467)
 * Margaret, married Reinhard III of Westerburg

Leiningen-Westerburg
This county was then absorbed into Leiningen-Schaumburg.
 * Kuno I, Lord of Westerburg (1425–1459), was the son of Margaret of Leiningen and Reinhard of Westerburg
 * Reinhard I, Count of Leiningen-Westerburg (1453–1522) inherited the county from his grandmother.
 * Kuno II, Count of Leiningen-Westerburg (1487–1547)
 * Philipp I, Count of Leiningen-Leiningen (1527–1597)
 * George I, Count of Leiningen-Schaumburg (1533–1586)
 * Reinhard II, Count of Leiningen-Westerburg (1530–1584)
 * Albrecht Philipp, Count of Leiningen-Westerburg (1567–1597)
 * Johann Ludwig, Count of Leiningen-Westerburg (1572–1597), last of this branch.

Leiningen-Leiningen
This branch ended in 1705, and this county was also absorbed into Leiningen-Schaumburg.
 * Philipp I, Count of Leiningen-Leiningen (1527–1597), son of Kuno II, Count of Leiningen-Westerburg
 * Ludwig, Count of Leiningen-Leiningen (1557–1622) married Bernardine of Lippe
 * Johann Kasimir, Count of Leiningen-Leiningen (1587–1635)
 * Philipp II, Count of Leiningen-Leiningen (1591–1668)
 * Ludwig Eberhard, Count of Leiningen-Leiningen (1624–1688) married Charlotte, daughter of William Louis, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken
 * Philipp Ludwig, Count of Leiningen-Leiningen (1652–1705)
 * Ludwig Emich, Count of Leiningen-Leiningen (1595–1635)
 * Johann Ludwig, Count of Leiningen-Leiningen (1625–1665)

Leiningen-Schaumburg

 * George I, Count of Leiningen-Schaumburg (1533–1586), son of Kuno II, Count of Leiningen-Westerburg
 * Philipp Jakob, Count of Leiningen-Schaumburg (1572–1612)
 * Reinhard II, Count of Leiningen-Schaumburg (1574–1655)
 * Christoph, Count of Leiningen-Schaumburg (1575–1635)
 * Margaret Elisabeth (30 June 1604 – 13 August 1667) married Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
 * Philipp Ludwig, Count of Leiningen-Schaumburg (1617–1637)
 * George Wilhelm, Count of Leiningen-Schaumburg (1619–1695)
 * Johann Anton, Count of Leiningen-Schaumburg (15 Jan 1655 – 2 Oct 1698)
 * George Friedrich, Count of Leiningen-Schaumburg (5 Feb 1693 – 6 Oct 1708)
 * Christoph Christian, Count of Leiningen-Altleiningen (11 Mar 1656 – 17 May 1728)
 * George II Karl Ludwig, Count of Leiningen-Neuleiningen (2 Mar 1666 – 4 Oct 1726)

Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen

 * Christoph Christian, Count of Leiningen-Altleiningen (11 Mar 1656 – 17 May 1728), son of George Wilhelm, Count of Leiningen-Schaumburg
 * George Hermann, Count of Leiningen-Altleiningen (21 Mar 1679 – 4 Feb 1751)
 * Christian Johann, Count of Leiningen-Altleiningen (31 Aug 1730 – 20 Feb 1770)
 * Christian Karl, Count of Leiningen-Altleiningen (18 Sep 1757 – 1 Dec 1811)
 * Friedrich I Ludwig Christian, Count of Leiningen-Altleiningen (2 Nov 1761 – 9 Aug 1839)
 * Friedrich II Eduard, Count of Leiningen-Altleiningen (20 May 1806 – 5 Jun 1868)
 * Károly Leiningen-Westerburg
 * Johann Ludwig (6 Jun 1807 – 31 Oct 1864)
 * Friedrich III Wipprecht Franz, Count of Leiningen-Altleiningen (30 Dec 1852 – 7 Feb 1916)
 * Gustav Friedrich Oskar, Count of Leiningen-Altleiningen (8 Feb 1876 – 23 Jul 1929)

Leiningen-Westerburg-Neuleiningen

 * George II Karl Ludwig, Count of Leiningen-Neuleiningen (2 Mar 1666 – 4 Oct 1726), son of George Wilhelm, Count of Leiningen-Schaumburg
 * George Karl I August Ludwig, Count of Leiningen-Neuleiningen (Nassau Line) (17 Feb 1717 – 19 Mar 1787)
 * Karl II Gustav Reinhard Waldemar, Count of Leiningen-Neuleiningen (28 Jun 1747 – 7 Jun 1798)
 * Ferdinand Karl III, Count of Leiningen-Neuleiningen (8 Sep 1767 – 26 Nov 1813)
 * August George Gustav, Count of Leiningen-Neuleiningen (19 Feb 1770 – 9 Oct 1849)
 * Christian Franz Seraph Vincenz, Count of Leiningen-Neuleiningen (1810 – 1856)
 * George Ernst Ludwig (Bavaria Line) (3 May 1718 – 24 Dec 1765)
 * Karl IV Joseph Philipp Ludwig Ernst, Count of Leiningen-Neuleiningen (13 Aug 1739 – 27 Jul 1797)
 * George Karl August, Count of Leiningen-Neuleiningen (27 Aug 1789 – 17 Mar 1865)
 * Wilhelm, Count of Leiningen-Neuleiningen (16 Feb 1824 – 29 Apr 1887)

Leiningen-Hardenburg

 * Gottfried, son of Friedrich IV, inherited the portion of Leiningen ruled from Hardenburg
 * His son Friedrich married Joan of Rixingen, and their children became Counts of Leiningen-Rixingen, which lasted until 1506
 * Gottfried's other son became Emich VI, Count of Leiningen-Hardenburg
 * Emich VII, Count of Leiningen-Hardenburg (d. 1452) married Beatrix Zähringen, daughter of Bernard I, Margrave of Baden-Baden
 * Emich VIII, Count of Leiningen-Hardenburg (d. 30 Mar 1495)
 * Emich IX, Count of Leiningen-Hardenburg (d. 18 Feb 1535)
 * Katharina (-1585) married Philip II, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken
 * Emich X, Count of Leiningen-Hardenburg (d. 10 Jan 1541)
 * Emich XI, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg (starting the second line in that part of the county) (1540–1593)
 * Johann Philipp I, Count of Leiningen-Hardenburg (25 Dec 1539 – 8 Sep 1562)
 * Emich XII, Count of Leiningen-Hardenburg (4 Nov 1562 – 24 Nov 1607) married Marie of Wittelsbach, daughter of Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
 * Johann Philipp II, Count of Leiningen-Hardenburg (16 Apr 1588 – 15 Apr 1643) married Elisabeth of Leiningen-Dagsburg, daughter of Emich XI.
 * Friedrich Emich, Count of Leiningen-Hardenburg (9 Feb 1621 – 26 Jul 1698)
 * Marie Polyxena (7 Feb 1662 – 22 Apr 1725) married John Ernst, Count of Nassau-Weilburg
 * Emich XIV, Count of Leiningen-Hardenburg (6 Feb 1649 – 12 Dec 1684) married Charlotte Sophie of Baden-Durlach, daughter of Margrave Charles Magnus of Baden-Durlach
 * Johann Friedrich, Count of Leiningen-Hardenburg (18 Mar 1661 – 9 Feb 1722) married Katharina of Baden-Durlach, daughter of Frederick VII, Margrave of Baden-Durlach
 * Friedrich Magnus, Count of Leiningen-Hardenburg (27 Mar 1703 – 28 Oct 1756)
 * Carl Friedrich Wilhelm, 1st Prince of Leiningen (14 Aug 1724 – 9 Jan 1807)
 * For descendants, see: Prince of Leiningen

Leiningen-Dagsburg (Second Line)

 * Emich XI, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg (1540–1593), son of Emich X, Count of Leiningen-Hartenburg
 * Elisabeth (6 May 1586 – 25 Oct 1623), married her great-nephew Johann Philipp II, Count of Leiningen-Hartenburg
 * Philip George, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg (25 Jul 1582 – 6 Feb 1627)
 * Anna (25 May 1625 – 24 Dec 1688) married John, Count of Nassau-Idstein
 * Johann Ludwig, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg (8 May 1579 – 19 Jun 1625)
 * Emich XIII, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg (12 Jun 1612 – 1658)
 * Juliane Alexandrine married George III, Landgrave of Hesse-Itter and Charles, Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried
 * George William, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg (8 Mar 1636 – 18 Jul 1672)
 * Johann, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg (19 Mar 1662 – 13 Nov 1698) married Countess Johanna Magdalene of Hanau-Lichtenberg
 * Christian Karl Reinhard of Leiningen-Dachsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim (17 Jul 1695 – 17 Nov 1766)
 * Countess Caroline Felizitas of Leiningen-Dagsburg (22 May 1734 – 8 May 1810)
 * Countess Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Falkenburg-Dagsburg (16 March 1729 – 11 March 1818)
 * Emich Christian of Leiningen-Dagsburg (29 March 1642 – 27 April 1702)
 * Elisabeth Dorothea Wilhelmine (11 June 1665 – 1722) married Count Moritz Hermann of Limburg-Stirum
 * Johann Ludwig I, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg in Guntersblum (1643 – 1687)
 * Johann Ludwig II, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg in Guntersblum (1673 – 1699)
 * Johann Franz, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg in Guntersblum (1698 – 1750)
 * Wilhelm Carl zu Leiningen-Guntersblum (1737 – 1809)
 * Karl Theodor zu Leiningen-Billigheim (1794 – 1869)
 * Karl Wenzel zu Leiningen-Billigheim (1823 – 1900)

title: Leiningen family


text:
Talk:Pied bush chat

Sensible photograph/media usage
There are about 16 subspecies which are visually very difficult to differentiate - the males, females and young have different plumage and as show in the text, there are aspects of their perching, habitat, feeding and nesting to cover. Most of the photographs come from India and we have quite a large selection in commons:Category:Saxicola_caprata - yet, there are editors intent on inserting a specific image into the article when it really does not add value to the encylopaedia entry. Perhaps a discussion based on what the encyclopaedia should convey is needed. In my opinion, as one of the editors who researched the content, we need Close ups that do not have anything specific to say - are generally not useful - unless there is some taxonomic feature being depicted. Pictures from unknown localities are also difficult to use. The main taxobox entry is usually better when the bird is facing left. Based on these guidelines which have been in use via WP:BIRD discussions, I have picked a few from the available Commons category/gallery. Inviting comments here from new editors like User:Atulgargate who has insisted on adding specific images. Shyamal (talk) 04:59, 24 January 2017 (UTC)
 * 1) a picture of a male that shows general shape, pattern of white distribution and possibly open habitat
 * 2) a picture of a female
 * 3) a picture of an immature
 * 4) subspecies  - illustrations of variation in plumage - preferably in life - we really have a number of scientifically valuable images commons:Category:Saxicola_caprata_(museum_specimens) but these are aesthetically not pleasing.
 * 5) nest?
 * 6) behaviour video
 * 7) calls

File:Pied bushchat (Saxicola caprata bicolor) female.jpg scheduled for POTD
Hello! This is to let editors know that the featured picture File:Pied bushchat (Saxicola caprata bicolor) female.jpg, which is used in this article, has been selected as the English Wikipedia's picture of the day (POTD) for May 22, 2021. A preview of the POTD is displayed below and can be edited at Template:POTD/2021-05-22. For the greater benefit of readers, any potential improvements or maintenance that could benefit the quality of this article should be done before its scheduled appearance on the Main Page. If you have any concerns, please place a message at Wikipedia talk:Picture of the day. Thank you! Cwmhiraeth (talk) 10:48, 16 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pied bush chat


text:
User talk:Jewsauce

Thanks for checking out the talk page at Broadbandreports. Feel free to jump in and add some commentary. --Paul Laudanski 03:44, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

(Also, just because I'm getting into the welcome stuff...)

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

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If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, --Paul Laudanski 03:45, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jewsauce


text:
Amapola

Amapola is Spanish for "poppy", meaning the genus Papaver

Amapola may also refer to:

 * "Amapola" (song), a 1920 song written by Joseph Lacalle
 * Amapola (film), a 2014 Argentine-American romantic comedy fantasy film
 * Amapola Flyg, a regional airline based in Stockholm, Sweden
 * Maria Amapola Cabase (born 1948), Filipino singer and actress, stage name Amapola
 * La Amapola (born 1976), ring name of Guadalupe Ramona Olvera, Mexican professional wrestler

title: Amapola


text:
User talk:Semajmaharg

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Shimgray 03:47, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Non-free use disputed for Image:Jo-swinson-sept-04-wee.jpg
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License tagging for File:Votematcheuro.jpg
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Nomination of Vote Match for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Vote Match is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Vote Match until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

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Orphaned non-free image File:Large RGB.png
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Orphaned non-free image File:Votematchlondon.png
Thanks for uploading File:Votematchlondon.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 18:45, 13 November 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Semajmaharg


text:
The Woods (album)

The Woods is the seventh studio album by American rock band Sleater-Kinney. It was released in 2005 on Sub Pop. The album was produced by Dave Fridmann and recorded in late 2004. The album received widespread critical acclaim.

Recording and production
The Woods was produced by Dave Fridmann and recorded from November 2004 to December 2004 at Tarbox Road Studios in Cassadaga, New York. Much of the album was recorded live in the studio, as Fridmann consciously attempted to approximate the band's live sound on the record. The vocals and some of the guitar tracks were the only overdubs. The final two tracks, "Let's Call It Love" and "Night Light", were separate tracks on record but were actually recorded together in a single 15-minute take, after Carrie Brownstein realized that the two tracks were in the same key and could segue into one another.

Release
The Woods was released on May 24, 2005, by Sub Pop, making it the band's first release on that label. Two songs from the album, "Entertain" and "Jumpers", were released as singles on May 10, 2005, and September 12, 2005, respectively. The album reached number 80 on the US Billboard Top 200 chart and number 2 on the Independent Albums chart. As of October 2005, The Woods had sold 59,000 copies in the U.S. according to Nielsen SoundScan. As of February 2015, The Woods had sold 94,000 copies.

Composition
Musically, The Woods is an alternative rock album that takes on "steaming [and] swaggering" hard rock and noise pop with an arena rock sound.

Critical reception
The Woods received widespread critical acclaim. Kyle Ryan, writing for The A.V. Club, described the album as "a quasi-psychedelic, classic-rock-sounding epic", while Keith Harris of The Village Voice praised Corin Tucker's vocals. Less positively, Q awarded the album two stars out of five, finding it "disappointing" when compared to their earlier work.

The Woods appeared at number four in The Village Voice's Pazz & Jop critics' poll for 2005. Pitchfork placed it at number 127 on its list of "The Top 200 Albums of the 2000s". Similarly, Rolling Stone ranked The Woods at number 72 on its list of "100 Best Albums of the 2000s", and Tiny Mix Tapes placed it at number 89 on its list of "Favorite 100 Albums of the 2000s".

Track listing
All songs written by Sleater-Kinney.

Personnel

 * Carrie Brownstein – guitar, vocals
 * Corin Tucker – vocals, guitar
 * Janet Weiss – drums, harmonica, backing vocals

 * Technical

 * Dave Fridmann – production, recording, mixing
 * Greg Calbi – mastering
 * Jeff Kleinsmith – sleeve design
 * Michael Brophy – album cover painting
 * John Clark – sleeve photography

title: The Woods (album)


text:
Circleville Pumpkin Show

The Circleville Pumpkin Show is an annual show held in Circleville, Ohio, about 30 mi south of the state capital of Columbus. The festival, which is held to celebrate local agriculture, is headed up by the Circleville Pumpkin Show Corporation. Considered to be the biggest festival in the United States dedicated to the pumpkin, it is billed as The Greatest Free Show On Earth. Attendance has topped 400,000 for the four-day event, which is free to enter.

Dates
The Pumpkin Show begins on the third Wednesday of October and lasts until the following Saturday. In recent years, a Tuesday preview night "for locals" has been introduced, adding an unofficial half day to the event.

Locations
Starting on the Sunday before the festival, work begins to restrict traffic in downtown Circleville. The restricted areas dedicated to the show are from South Scioto Street on the west to Pickaway Street on the east, and Watt/Pinckney Street on the north to Franklin Street on the south. More than 12 blocks are restricted by this event, which causes massive detours throughout a major portion of the city, including State Route 56 and U.S. Route 22. Because there is no organized parking system, many small businesses, individuals, and non-profit organizations provide parking for varying fees.

History
In October 1903, Mayor George R. Haswell decided to hold a small pumpkin-and-corn exhibit in front of his store to celebrate the local harvest. This small exhibit featured corn, carved pumpkins and other harvest-themed displays. Because of the prominence of pumpkins in this first exhibit, the name "The Pumpkin Show" was then coined. In the following years local merchants were attracted to improve the size, scope and attendance of the festival. By 1905, the first ride was installed. Soon after, with the success of the shows, an annual festival was organized to be held on the city streets to attract merchants, patrons and improve the quality of the festival.

The Pumpkin Show has been held annually since 1903. Despite it still being held during the influenza outbreaks of 1918–1919, the Pumpkin Show was stopped for one year during World War I, two years during World War II, and in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Pumpkin Show became the sixth-largest festival in the United States by 2007, attracting more than 300,000 people to the city every year.

Traditions
Every Pumpkin Show officially kicks off with the weigh-in of large pumpkins from around the area. The largest pumpkin to date was grown by Bob & Jo Liggett, with their entry from 2014 weighing in at 1964 lb. Recent weigh-ins have had multiple entries that go over 1000 lb.

Every year, Lindsey's Bakery creates the "world's largest" pumpkin pie. Visitors can be in line for over an hour to see the pie. At the 100th anniversary Pumpkin Show in 2006, the bakery had to make a much bigger pie compared to previous years to officially reclaim the title of world's largest. The pie pan was so large that it was moved outside of the bakery window and into a tent out on the street.

Another long-standing tradition of the Circleville Pumpkin Show is a pageant to crown the Little Miss and Miss Pumpkin Show Queen. The Little Miss Pumpkin Show Queen must be in the 2nd grade at a school in Pickaway County, while the Miss Pumpkin Show Queen must be a junior from one of the six local high schools. Once crowned, they lead off each parade for the rest of the event.

Seven parades in total are held during the event (two on Wednesday-Friday, one night parade on Saturday). These parades have many different themes, including the Pet Parade and Baby Parade. These parades also feature performances by many local high school and middle school bands, as well as other organizations. The Ohio University Marching 110, which is often referred to as "The Most Exciting Band In The Land," has made numerous trips to highlight Thursday night's parade of bands. The 2006 Pumpkin Show welcomed The Ohio State University Marching Band. They came back in 2010 to march in the parade of bands again and hold a concert afterwards.

Facts
The Pumpkin Show features several different pumpkin related foods, including pumpkin donuts, pancakes, burgers, ice cream, cookies, fudge, brownies, cream puffs, waffles, pumpkin seeds, and pumpkin pie. Over the course of the event, approximately 23,000 pumpkin pies and more than 100,000 pumpkin donuts are sold from local vendors. There are also many other festival foods available at various stands throughout the event.

Due to its popularity, the Pumpkin Show also has a song, "The Punkin Show," written and composed by M. W. "Burk" Burkhart in 1952 (published in 1977).

People from over 34 states and 13 different countries have been documented to have attended the festival in the most recent years.

title: Circleville Pumpkin Show


text:
Celtis jessoensis

Celtis jessoensis, known as the Japanese hackberry or Jesso hackberry (from an archaic reading of "Ezo": Hokkaidō) is a species of hackberry native to Japan and Korea. It is a deciduous tree growing to 20–25 m tall. The leaves are 5–9 cm long and 3–4 cm broad, with a sharply serrated margin, glaucous beneath and downy on the leaf veins.

title: Celtis jessoensis


text: Category:Hawksley Workman albums

title: Category:Hawksley Workman albums


text:
Shadmoor State Park

Shadmoor State Park is a 99 acre state park located in Suffolk County, New York in the United States. Created in 2000, the park is located in Town of East Hampton on the South Fork of Long Island, 1/4 mi east of the hamlet of Montauk.

History
Prior to becoming a park, the land was used as part of the coastal defense system for New York City during World War II. Two concrete observation bunkers from that time remain visible at the site. It was also part of Camp Wikoff where troops led by Theodore Roosevelt were quarantined after the Spanish–American War.

Attempts to purchase the land to preserve it as a public park had been ongoing for years prior to the park's creation in 2000. After the previous owners won approval to subdivide their property into several residential lots, preservation efforts intensified. The parkland was purchased in October 2000 for $17.7 million, with the cost split between New York State ($5.6 million), the Town of East Hampton ($5.5 million), Suffolk County ($5.4 million), and The Nature Conservancy ($1 million).

Park description
The park, maintained by the Long Island Region of the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, features more than 2400 ft of beach and 100 ft bluffs along the Atlantic Ocean. The park is largely undeveloped, and has no infrastructure beyond elevated platforms for birdwatching and trails for hiking, biking, and cross-country skiing. The park also offers accessibility for salt water fishing.

Shadmoor State Park derives its name from the thick shadbush (Amelanchier) found growing atop the bluffs. Also found growing in the park are black cherry trees (Prunus serotina) and the endangered sandplain gerardia (Agalinis acuta).

title: Shadmoor State Park


text:
Arteaga, Coahuila

Arteaga is a city and a Pueblo Mágico in the Mexican state of Coahuila. It serves as the administrative centre for the surrounding municipality of the same name.

Geography
It stands some 14 km east of state capital Saltillo, on Federal Highways 57 and 54.

The municipality covers a total surface area of 1818.60 km2 and, in 1995, reported a total population of 18,907. In addition to the municipal seat, it contains the settlements of San Antonio de las Alazanas, El Tunal, San Juan de los Dolores,  Huachichil, Los Lirios, Mesa de Tablas, Bella Unión, Escobedo, and Jamé.

Climate
Arteaga residents often boast that they have a year-round median temperature of 22°C (72°F), and say theirs is the "most perfect" climate in North America.

History
The area was first inhabited by settlers from Tlaxcala in 1580, who named it San Isidro de las Palomas. On 29 December 1866  it was renamed in honour of General José María Arteaga Magallanes, a 19th-century national hero and governor of the state of Querétaro de Arteaga.

It includes the congregation of Landeros, which was named after an American soldier of Irish descent, who after the army's march through the area in the 1840s, settled there.

title: Arteaga, Coahuila


text:
User talk:Techjunkie

This is me!

title: User talk:Techjunkie


text:
Lawrence of Arabia: The Authorised Biography of T. E. Lawrence

Lawrence of Arabia: The Authorised Biography of T. E. Lawrence is a book by Jeremy Wilson about the noted historic figure T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia"), who helped lead the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire during World War I. It was published in 1989, first by William Heinemann Ltd., London, then in the United States by Atheneum, New York.

Michael Coren in the Toronto Star described this as "an unremarkable book", but it was named as one of the 14 best books of 1990 by The New York Times. Nigel Nicolson, reviewing for The New York Times, wrote "This biography will endure beside Seven Pillars as his monument, and any future book about T. E. Lawrence will be but a commentary on it."


text:
Talk:1966 NFL Championship Game

Rename Article
Since 1966 is the first Super Bowl, shouldn't the page be renamed to Super Bowl I? That would make sense. Mr. C.C. Hey yo!I didn't do it! 21:13, 5 November 2011 (UTC)
 * No, that would absolutely not make sense because this game was NOT Super Bowl I. This game was played before the AFL-NFL merger was official in 1970. The National Football League and the American Football League were still separate entities in 1966. Each still had their own league championship game. Super Bowl I was considered the first AFL-NFL World Championship Game, where both the winner of the National Football League Championship Game and the winner of the American Football League Championship Game would play to determine who would be "World Champion" of pro football. Zzyzx11 (talk) 21:18, 5 November 2011 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:ACC Championship Game which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 23:52, 28 April 2024 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:1933 NFL Championship Game which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 05:36, 3 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:1966 NFL Championship Game


text:
User:Emperor Penguin

I am the Penguin Emperor.

title: User:Emperor Penguin


text:
Arteaga

Arteaga may refer to:

 * Arteaga, Coahuila, city in Mexico
 * Arteaga Municipality, Michoacán, city in Mexico
 * Arteaga (surname)
 * Arteaga (footballer, born 1969), Spanish footballer

title: Arteaga


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Memorial High School

Memorial High School may refer to:

As Memorial High School alone

 * Memorial High School (Millville, New Jersey)
 * Memorial High School (West New York, New Jersey)
 * Memorial High School (St. Marys, Ohio)
 * Memorial High School (Tulsa, Oklahoma)
 * Memorial High School (Hedwig Village, Texas), with a Houston mailing address
 * Memorial High School (Port Arthur, Texas)
 * Memorial High School (Victoria, Texas)
 * Memorial High School (Eau Claire, Wisconsin)
 * Memorial High School (Frisco, Texas)

With Memorial High School in the name

 * Amityville Memorial High School — Amityville, New York
 * Arlington Memorial School — Arlington, Vermont
 * Ballard Memorial High School — Barlow, Kentucky
 * Beloit Memorial High School — Beloit, Wisconsin
 * Billerica Memorial High School — Billerica, Massachusetts
 * Bishop Amat Memorial High School — La Puente, California
 * Brick Township Memorial High School — Brick, New Jersey
 * Campbell Memorial High School (Ohio) — Campbell, Ohio
 * Catholic Memorial High School — Waukesha, Wisconsin
 * Cimarron-Memorial High School — North Las Vegas, Nevada
 * Civic Memorial High School — Bethalto, Illinois
 * Doherty Memorial High School — Worcester, Massachusetts
 * Edmond Memorial High School — Edmond, Oklahoma
 * Elkhart Memorial High School — Elkhart, Indiana
 * Ellender Memorial High School — Houma, Louisiana
 * Elmont Memorial High School — Elmont, New York
 * Elmwood Park Memorial High School — Elmwood Park, New Jersey
 * Ely Memorial High School — Ely, Minnesota
 * Floral Park Memorial High School — Floral Park, New York
 * Florence Township Memorial High School; Florence, New Jersey
 * G. A. R. Memorial Junior Senior High School — Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
 * Garces Memorial High School — Bakersfield, California
 * Granby Memorial High School — Granby, Connecticut
 * Memorial High School, Haddonfield — Haddonfield, New Jersey
 * Jackson Memorial High School — Jackson, New Jersey
 * John Bapst Memorial High School — Bangor, Maine
 * John F. Kennedy Memorial High School (Mississippi) — Mound Bayou, Mississippi
 * John F. Kennedy Memorial High School (New Jersey) — Iselin, New Jersey
 * Judge Memorial Catholic High School — Salt Lake City, Utah
 * Kellenberg Memorial High School — Uniondale, New York
 * Lloyd Memorial High School — Erlanger, Kentucky
 * Lyman Memorial High School — Lebanon, Connecticut
 * Machias Memorial High School — Machias, Maine
 * Manchester Memorial High School — Manchester, New Hampshire
 * McAllen Memorial High School — McAllen, Texas
 * Monsignor McClancy Memorial High School — Elmhurst, New York
 * New Hyde Park Memorial High School — New Hyde Park, New York
 * Newark Memorial High School — Newark, California
 * Pasadena Memorial High School — Pasadena, Texas
 * Peabody Veterans Memorial High School — Peabody, Massachusetts
 * Pelham Memorial High School — Pelham, New York
 * Pennsville Memorial High School — Pennsville, New Jersey
 * Pharr-San Juan-Alamo Memorial High School — Alamo, Texas
 * Picayune Memorial High School — Picayune, Mississippi
 * Reading Memorial High School — Reading, Massachusetts
 * Reitz Memorial High School — Evansville, Indiana
 * Rice Memorial High School — South Burlington, Vermont
 * Ridgefield Memorial High School — Ridgefield, New Jersey
 * San Joaquin Memorial High School — Fresno, California
 * Sayreville War Memorial High School — Sayreville, New Jersey
 * Scecina Memorial High School — Indianapolis, Indiana
 * Seeger Memorial Junior-Senior High School — West Lebanon, Indiana
 * Tewksbury Memorial High School — Tewksbury, Massachusetts
 * Tourtellotte Memorial High School — Grosvenordale, Connecticut
 * Vel Phillips Memorial High School — Madison, Wisconsin, widely known as "Memorial High School"
 * Waldo J. Wood Memorial Jr/Sr High School — Oakland City, Indiana
 * Watkins Memorial High School — Pataskala, Ohio
 * Wilson Memorial High School — Fishersville, Virginia

Australia

 * Farrer Memorial Agricultural High School — Tamworth, New South Wales

Canada

 * Banting Memorial High School — Alliston, Ontario
 * James M. Hill Memorial High School — Miramichi, New Brunswick
 * Memorial Composite High School — Stony Plain, Alberta
 * Yarmouth Consolidated Memorial High School — Yarmouth, Nova Scotia
 * École John Stubbs Memorial School — Colwood, British Columbia

India

 * A. J. John Memorial High School — Kavilumpara, Kerala
 * Dr. S. Hussain Zaheer Memorial High School — Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
 * Olcott Memorial High School — Chennai, Tamil Nadu

Nigeria

 * Apata Memorial High School — Lagos

title: Memorial High School


text:
User talk:Emperor Penguin

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --InvaderJim42 03:54, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

title: User talk:Emperor Penguin


text: User talk:202.156.6.68

title: User talk:202.156.6.68


text:
Talk:Pharmaceutical industry

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 4 October 2021 and 9 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Tzc0725.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 02:18, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Yennnnhix.

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Research and development section edit: Not a word about Aspirin?
Central to the Spanish Flu epidemic(s) Ing.walter.hartmann (talk) 09:27, 22 June 2019 (UTC)

This link leads to an empty address. Janice Vian, Ph.D. (talk) 16:09, 26 July 2021 (UTC)

Controversies
The „Controversies“ section only talks about the situation in the US given that all numbers, sources,… are from the United States. Some of the information might be misleading for people from other countries with different regulations. I propose to add a disclaimer at the beginning of the section to say that this chapter shows the US side of things and might not represent the situation in other countries Akdns (talk) 07:58, 16 October 2022 (UTC)

Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions
I've added a brief section to the article that relates to this topic with only a single citation. I believe that this is a VERY under-appreciated aspect of the Pharma Industry and should be addressed in more depth and detail. Many (if not most) of the History sections of major pharma are replete with M&A activities, implicitly noting that these are significant events for the involved companies. I'm not a historian, so I'm not sure how to best address this, but I am SURE that this is not a 20th-21st Century phenomenon and it would be useful to see whether the impact in the "digital era" is greater than in the "industrial era", and specifically what that impact was. Thanks for considering this. --User:Ceyockey ( talk to me ) 04:01, 24 December 2022 (UTC) (P.S. I was at one time involved in M&A activities in the pharma that I'm currently employed by ... it is a non-trivial exercise that involves huge amounts of financial and human capital)

title: Talk:Pharmaceutical industry


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Shashka

The shashka or shasqua (сэшхуэ, – long-knife; шашка) is a kind of North Caucasian sabre; a single-edged, single-handed, and guardless backsword. The comparatively subtle curve of a shashka blade puts the weapon midway between a typically curved sabre and a straight sword, effective for both cutting and thrusting.

History
The shashka originated among the mountain tribes of the North Caucasus. The earliest depictions of this sword date to the late 17th century, though most extant shashkas have hilts dating to the 19th century. The earliest datable example is from 1713. Later, most of the Russian and Ukrainian Cossacks adopted the weapon. Two styles of shashka exist: the Caucasian/Circassian shashka and the Cossack shashka. In 1834 the Russian government produced the first military-issue shashka pattern.

The blades of non-regulation shashkas were of diverse origins; some were locally made in the Caucasus, others in Russia, some were manufactured in Germany, mostly in Solingen, and displayed imitations of the 'running wolf' mark of Passau.

The typically Circassian (Adyghe) form of sabre was longer than the Cossack type; in fact, the Russian word shashka originally came from the Adyghe word – Cэшхуэ (Sashko) – meaning "long knife". It gradually replaced the sabre in all cavalry units except hussars during the 19th century.

Russian troops, having encountered it during their conquest of the Caucasus (1817–1864), preferred it to their issued sabres.

At this time, there were three types of non-regulation shashka:

 * The Caucasus type, where the handle almost sits inside the scabbard. This type was used by Kuban Cossacks and tribes from the Caucasus. The only problem with this type of shashka was that in the rain, water could go down into the scabbard. This type of shashka was very light at 300-400 g, flexible, and strong. The best and most famous shashkas of these types were Gurda, Volchek (running wolf symbol on the blade).
 * The Don Cossack shashka, which has a straighter blade. The weight of this shashka is around 1 kg.
 * The Terek Cossack shashka; the hilt, like the Don Cossack shashka, does not go inside the scabbard. It is very light and strong.

The first officially regulated Russian military shashka was the 1834 pattern, also called the "Nizhegorodka". This was followed by the 1838 pattern shashka. In 1881, two patterns were introduced: a 'Cossack' pattern, which was typical in not having a guard, and a 'dragoon' pattern, which was much more like a standard sabre in having a brass knuckle-bow, and was derived from the 1841 dragoon sabre. The blades of the two types were, however, essentially identical.

The Cossack hosts (not full-time regiments) used non-regulation shashkas until 1904, when they received their own regulation pattern.

The Soviet government introduced the 1927 pattern, which was very similar to the 1881 Cossack pattern; production of this pattern continued until 1946. The last pattern shashkas to be introduced were the 1940 patterns for "line commanding personnel" and generals—both had knuckle-bows.

Construction

The shashka was a relatively short sabre, typically being 80 to 105 cm in total length. It had a slightly curved, fullered, blade with a single edge; the back of the blade was often sharpened for the 3rd of the blade nearest the tip (a false edge). The blade length was usually 65 to 80 cm. The hilt had no guard (except for Russian Dragoon 'shashka' patterns, which had a brass knuckle-bow and quillon, and a conventional sabre pommel). The pommel was hook-shaped and divided into two 'ears'. This is a feature found in many weapons of the Western Asian highlands, from the Turkish yataghan to the Afghan pesh-kabz. The sword was worn in a scabbard suspended with the edge uppermost. The Caucasian form of the shashka had a scabbard which enclosed most of the hilt, with little more than the hooked pommel protruding.

Plainer, non-regulation shashkas often had hilts of horn, more highly decorated examples had hilts sheathed in niello-inlaid silver, with scabbard mounts to match. Russian military shashkas were much plainer, with hilts typically consisting of a brass ferrule, ribbed wooden grip and brass pommel. Unlike traditional non-regulation shashkas, the pommel of pattern shashkas was pierced to receive a sword-knot. The pommel was decorated with an imperial insignia; following the 1917 revolution, this was often ground off. Shashkas manufactured under the Soviet regime (Pattern 1927) had Communist symbols in place of the imperial ones. Later trooper models often had modified brass scabbard furniture to hold a bayonet for the Mosin–Nagant carbine. Officer's models, though of similar construction, did not have an attached bayonet, and were much more heavily decorated. In Tsarist times officers had considerable freedom in the decoration of their shaskas and some had non-regulation blades.

The 1834 pattern shashka was a popular weapon, when it was replaced by the 1881 pattern, several regiments complained so vociferously that their 1834s were returned to them.

The 1838 Pattern - typical statistics for a pattern sword:

Total length: 1030 mm

Blade length: 875 mm

Blade width: 36 mm

Blade curvature: 62-375 mm

Point of balance: 170-180 mm

Weight: 1067 g

Use
There is little or no surviving contemporary written information on how the people of the Caucasus used the shashka. However, surviving Russian military manuals indicate that, despite the lack of protection for the hand, the military shashka was used in much the same manner as a Western European sabre, with very similar cuts, thrusts, guards, and parries. In particular, Russian soldiers were not taught to cut in one movement from unsheathing, whatever Caucasus traditions suggest.

Cited works

 * Kirill A. Rivkin (no date). "Scaling universality and quantitative analysis of historical edged weapons based on allometric equation", Seagate Technology.
 * Leonid Tarassuk and Claude Blair (1982). The Complete Encyclopedia of Arms & Weapons. Simon and Schuster.
 * Ruslan Urazbakhtin (2018). "Shashka in Late XIX–XX C: Outline of Russian Combat Techniques", Acta Periodica Duellatorum (vol. 6, issue 2), Matyas Miskolczi (ed.) ..

title: Shashka


text:
Talk:Axa

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 20:38, 16 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Palazzo AXA.JPG

Posojila
V imenu vaše banke gospa Chantal Galot zahteva 270€ za kredit na moje ime in sicer kot zavarovanje transakcije v višini 3000€ Zanima me ali je ta podatek točen ali gre za goljufijo?Hvala za odgovor 84.41.51.73 (talk) 09:42, 12 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Axa


text:
Talk:Union College

Greek listings
@Jax MN thanks for bringing back the facts about Union as the "mom" of fraternities. I cut the paragraph after that, however, since most editors agree that rote listings of Greek institutions are not helpful if there is no sourcing from outside the Union homepage or the fraternity's own circle. If you can prove that one or more of the Greek houses is significant, then pls do so, but for the most part individual houses fall under WP:UNDUE. That is, they are not significant enough for an encyclopdia. Thanks. -- Melchior2006 (talk) 18:26, 7 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Good evening, . It is reasonable to discuss this on the Talk page, and I appreciate your engagement.  I see you are quite active in creating and improving articles about theological and synodical issues, similarly, I am quite active in the Fraternity and Sorority project. We encounter articles in common when policing and improving collegiate articles.

 * While some Greek buildings (~houses) are significant, relatively few are listed on the Historic Registry of their states, or the Federal list. We find that most Greek chapters do not pursue such listing, though such would provide notability and another set of reliable sources for citation, because of the added burden on operational costs that comes with such a listing.  If you perhaps mean "chapters" versus "houses", I will frame my response toward that understanding.

 * Probably the two areas most prone to bloat and peacock language are the various College or University articles, or the never-ceasing effort to create pages about online influencers, or musical groups or various popular media. --"Popular" here being an adjective and not a definitive judgement of fact.  I sometimes delete sentences or paragraphs that have crept into Collegiate articles for the same reason you have, that they are non-encyclopedic for these summary articles.  Good so far.

 * However, collegiate Greek Letter Organizations ("GLOs"), either the familiar social chapters or the various honors and professional chapters are often far more prevalent than you have indicated. An educated guess might be that on a typical campus some 50% of students participate in such groups, or are tapped for honors for campus societies, even those students or alumni who do not traffic in the various social chapters.  That is, collectively, GLOs are not a minor pastime.  Further, in various past decades they have been the font of the student experience for the majority of students on those campuses.  It is easier to count, on one hand or two, the campuses where Greek chapters do not flourish or where they are banned.

 * Collegiate WP articles do have problems, and other editors may see fit to fight that battle. Top schools all have extensive paragraphs noting scads of repetitive rankings, or detail about Nobel Prize or Fields medalists, all presented in walls of text.  It is common for these articles to show lists of all minor publications, or departments, or notes about various buildings, extolling the fact (for example) that one or another might be LEED certified.  But ought this information be retained, while the notification of the presence of Phi Beta Kappa or Sigma Xi or any of the hundreds of discipline-specific chapters is removed?  Prior to removing content that affects 50% of the campus (sometimes much more, sometimes a bit less), editors should remove the chuff and the bloat about these other, more minor items.

 * In the case of Union, this was a school where the campus Greek system was an early adopter of the Greek (GLO) movement, and continues to embrace the presence of GLOs today. Greeks therefore are and were even more influential, notable, and therefore inclusion-worthy in the article than many of the other topics that are discussed. Our Project offers four templates for how to address the GLO presence in the main article, either with a summary list and citations as was done here, or by listing all the chapters, past and present, or by providing a HATNOTE link to a separate article about the Greeks.  Where a further treatment has not yet been prepared, as in the case of Union, this is simply because the Project team have not gotten to the campus article yet. We are quite methodical, and quite active, and assuredly, will get to this. Wikipedia is, as you know, a work in progress. Jax MN (talk) 22:22, 7 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your extensive answer, @Jax MN, even if I would prefer to keep it a bit shorter. I agree with you that fraternity houses are often vibrant centers of study and community-building. That's the great thing about universities: there are lots of vibrant centers of study and community-building. My concern is that there is no documentation available for most Greek houses and the people living in them in terms of local significance. Simply listing Greeks is better done on separate Wikipedia pages. As an example: could you find neutral POV documentation of any of the Greek deletions I made? --Melchior2006 (talk) 06:32, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * My previous note went long, to allow other readers context. Responding to your points, I agree that where a larger Greek system exists on a campus, I prefer to HATNOTE the topic and place all but a summary on the main University article. Further, when this is done, I prefer our style of the Cornell Greek list versus the Dartmouth Greek list, the latter of which has too much a tendency to attract bloat. --Again, these are works in progress, and our busy Project group is currently focused on completing the GLO articles themselves.
 * Wikipedia's rules on notability create a bias that secures multiple references for salacious events or all types of misbehavior, but where there are "quiet performers" that don't have strong media citation, these items often languish. Newspapers don't spend much ink on Joe Citizen; their axiom "if it bleeds, it leads" remains as true today as it has been over the many decades.  Movies or television portrayals about regular families aren't made, because audiences wouldn't flock to them. Yet Joe Citizen and the legion of regular families are the backbone of society, and the majority of us can be described in those terms.  GLOs are such quiet performers.  There are approximately 15 million collegians today in just the social chapters.  The vast, vast majority aren't in the news, nor are their chapters, nor the summary of each chapter's quiet but significant work during the academic year, impacting campus and local communities, and broader charities, as well as building social capital and skills for their graduates.  Only a few bad actors get press, and this press sets the narrative.  Schools often promote GLO membership, engaging via multiple connection points that are not controlled by the Greeks themselves. Campus online portals are often cited to prove existence of Greek chapters.  We also have several standard references, such as Baird's Manual that attempt to list those schools where chapters are formed, or where they go dormant. Going deeper, several scholarly articles and books are published annually - I note Marianne Sanua's excellent treatise limited to Jewish fraternities and sororities alone.  Similar contributions have been made that discuss Black or multicultural GLOs and the broader influence of all these organizations.  Union, as one of the premier schools that welcomed Greeks in the early 1800s, has shown a singular history of support of the Greeks over the years.
 * As to neutral POV, the campus portals for what are called "Greek Life" support systems are neutral. They are college-owned, and are as likely to handle discipline regarding misbehavior, as they support Greek presence.  They're in no way a 'captive' entity, controlled by the Greeks.  On some campuses, indeed the relationships have been acrimonious at times. I would also like to ping a couple of our better researchers, to weigh in on this.  and, would you take a look at this thread? , the deletion of solid summary information about Union College's Greeks was a good faith error, and while the others comment, I will revert. Later, we can look for a HATNOTE treatment. Jax MN (talk) 16:58, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Campus portals are not neutral about anything that has to do with the campus, that includes Greeks but also everything else. Your revert does not improve the referencing since it includes only Union materials., you have edited this page in the past. What do you think? --Melchior2006 (talk) 17:34, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * This type of content is typical in college articles; some colleges and universities have stand-alone articles about their Greek letter organizations. This content is especially relevant to Union College as GLOs are part of the unique character of this campus, which is considered the birthplace of fraternities as we know them today. That being said, the remaining issue seems to be the sources. I have added a couple of sources, both to the intro which references fraternities and in the Fraternity and Sorority section. I hope this resolves this debate. There is plenty of content that remains in this article that lacks sources or is cited to the university's website. The best remedy is to add a notice requesting better citations and give the article time to be improved, not to delete entire sections that had sources, even if not perfect. Rublamb (talk) 17:53, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * just added an "improved" source: a blog. This is not an improvement. --Melchior2006 (talk) 17:38, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Ms. Becque is a noted historian. Her blog is widely read and she is an authority on Greek Life. The fact that this piece was published in a blog post ought not mean you should dismiss it so cavalierly. Jax MN (talk) 17:47, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I also added The New York Times, the Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities at the University of Illinois (which continues the tradition of Baird's, the primary source on Greek letter organizations for more than 100 years). Dr. Becque's articles are considered reliable because she is nation's leading expert on Greek letter organizations.WP:SELFPUB says "Self-published expert sources may be considered reliable when produced by an established subject-matter expert, whose work in the relevant field has previously been published by reliable, independent publications." That is the case with Dr. Becque. Rublamb (talk) 18:02, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I support keeping mention of it being the Mother of Fraternities, but I'm very uncomfortable with it being in the lede. To me, it belongs as one of the sections in the history part of the article. (And I'm not sure the term "mom" is ever used, I've only seen "Mother".Naraht (talk) 17:42, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * In the lede of the article, I agree. Jax MN (talk) 17:47, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I've re-read the several additional references provided, and given the significance of Union for the crucial formative years of what became North America's Greek Letter Organizations, I've changed my opinion, and think it fitting to insert this sentence into the lede. Jax MN (talk) 23:18, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * If these sources are much better, then wouldn't it be better to cut the weaker references to the campus portal? Fact is, the new references are not much better. They are simply lists upon lists (Baird's Manual), and that means the WP:UNDUE critique still holds. No one doubts that these chapters exist/ed. Many doubt that they have any significance for an encyclopedia. Comparably insignificant listings would be: prayer groups, study groups, clubs ... the kinds of things found on most campuses. --Melchior2006 (talk) 18:33, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * , the comparison isn't valid. Casual groups, like prayer circles or study groups have a fleeting presence, and little long-term impact. (Setting aside the spiritual aspects of prayer and the individual value of studying.)  Fraternities and sororities are often property owners, offering housing and programing space for dozens, sometimes a few hundred collegians per society, per year, in an ongoing relationship. They are often driving factors of the student experience, affecting more than half of the student body. Readers of these articles include collegians and alumni, also family members seeking information on a family member's legacy, or mementos, or simply a community member seeking context about a large annual charitable gift. Other readers may have looked up the name of the school to link to the diploma or fraternal membership certificate on a physicians or lawyer's wall.  A better comparable might be an historically significant dorm, if such a building and memory of living there would inspire significant post-graduate engagement.  GLOs aren't akin to, say, a Frisbee golf team. Jax MN (talk) 20:01, 8 August 2023 (UTC)
 * The Wikipedia pages with international lists of GLO members and chapters fulfill all of these functions. --Melchior2006 (talk) 07:49, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
 * , they do, but that doesn't negate the validity of including a summary of Greek Life activity in collegiate articles, nor the short discussion of Union College's singular and important role in the early development of the North American Greek System. Like them or not, GLOs (social or honor or professional) are often a significant aspect of the student experience at thousands of schools. Jax MN (talk) 15:40, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
 * It's true, the Union situation is particularly GLOrious. I started looking into it a little deeper and found all kinds of interesting articles about Union College GLOs. --Melchior2006 (talk) 15:50, 9 August 2023 (UTC)
 * , I see what you did, and have cleaned things up due to WP:WEIGHT, WP:BALANCE, etc. You cited four instances of reported misbehavior by individual Greeks or by members of a chapter. As these have differing severity, I'll comment on them individually.
 * Sigma Delta Tau's Beta Xi chapter, a Buzzfeed report that the sorority had a pledge gyrate on a stage. No jurisprudence here, no civil nor criminal claims; it was a blog essay. Buzzfeed is a dubious source.  The writer even spoke positively about the experience, per the blog post. Result: I removed this item, as it's an insignificant issue, and I did NOT append it as a citation against this specific sorority on the sorority chapter list. We generally support listing bona fide court actions and similar real news, against the chapter on the chapter list, not on the summary university article, nor the national sorority article, as this issue was local, and not systemic to the national.
 * Theta Delta Chi's Alpha chapter, accused in a lawsuit over transporting members as pledges. The 2016 chapter was placed on a year's probation. Result: as one or two generations of members have matriculated through the chapter after almost eight years, I'm removing this item from the body text as an insignificant issue. Had TDX been listed with a broader treatment in the body text, and not just mention of the formation of the national at Union, this may have merited a reference note (~an EFN), but TDX is not otherwise listed. However, I did append it to the chapter's listing on the List of TDX chapters, as it was part of a court action less than ten years ago.  It wasn't suitable for a summary university article, nor for the national fraternity article, since this issue was local, and not systemic to the national.
 * Delta Kappa Epsilon's Theta Chi chapter, closed in 2019 due to reports of hazing. Adjudicated by the school, eligible to return. I'm removing this item as an insignificant issue; it certainly offers far too much detail for the Union article. However, it is interesting and I placed it as a citation against the specific chapter on the list of Deke chapters.
 * Sigma Chi's Gamma Zeta chapter, someone was assaulted by non-members while at this off-campus Sigma Chi house. This is a non-issue, not even newsworthy for the chapter list, let alone does it rise anywhere close to inclusion-worthy on the Union article.  Result: removed.
 * I perceive you either wish to strip away mention of the Greeks, or provide negative information however tenuous. Neither objectives are supportable: The Greeks, especially at Union, are a significant factor in a century and a half of campus life. The relatively minor citations of negative events don't carry enough weight to be noted in the text of this article, but I did copy your citations on two of the four, and placed them as notes for those specific chapters on the respective fraternity's lists of chapters.
 * Or a board of directors or academic departments or athletic teams. There are many things that are common between various colleges. That does not make them insignificant. In this 2018 study of northeastern colleges that includes data from Union College, the researchers found that 57% of the alumni reported belonging to a GLO. As of the fall of 2021, U.S News & World Report says that, at Union College, 33% of female students belong to sorority and 24% of male students belong to a fraternity. These are statistically significant numbers (especially considering COVID), meaning that included this content is not a case of undue weight. For what its worth, I have no connection to Union or the GLOs listed in the article. However, I edit and enhance many articles related to educational institutions and collegiate organizations. There are maybe five campuses where fraternal organizations are interwoven into the social fabric and history of the college so as to be synonymous with the name of the institution. Union just happens to be one of those colleges. As to my sources, they are adequate for including content in an article. Not every sentence has to be backed by significant coverage. Rublamb (talk) 20:12, 8 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Union College