text:
Adam Eckersley

Adam James Eckersley (born 7 September 1985) is an English former professional footballer who played primarily as a full-back. He is the older brother of fellow professional footballer Richard Eckersley.

He started his career with Manchester United in 2004 but failed to break into the first team in his four years there and was loaned out to Royal Antwerp, Brøndby, Barnsley and Port Vale, before joining Port Vale permanently in 2008. Later that year, he transferred to Danish club AC Horsens. In 2010, he moved on to AGF Aarhus. He won the Danish 1st Division championship with both clubs, in 2009–10 and then in 2010–11.

In 2014, he moved to Hearts and helped the club to win the Scottish Championship in 2014–15. He spent a brief time at Hibernian in 2015 before joining the Canadian side FC Edmonton in January 2016. He returned to Scotland 12 months later to play for St Mirren, helping the club to the Scottish Championship title at the end of the 2017–18 season. After a spell on loan with Forfar Athletic, Eckersley joined Airdrieonians for a one-season stay in May 2019. He also played for England at U16, U17, and U18 level.

Manchester United
Born in Salford, Greater Manchester, Eckersley grew up in Walkden. As a nine-year-old, he signed his first contract with Manchester United in 2002. He became a professional in July 2004. He was a member of the United reserve team that won the quadruple in 2005. He made his senior team debut in the League Cup on 26 October 2005, starting at left-back in the 4–1 home win over Barnet. Eckersley then went on loan to the Belgian Second Division club Royal Antwerp in January 2006, to gain further first-team match experience. Eckersley was linked with a move to NEC of the Netherlands as a replacement for Jeffrey Leiwakabessy in April 2006, but instead he was loaned out to Brøndby in August 2006. However, he was injured during his stay at Brøndby and only played six matches for the club before the loan ended on 31 December 2006.

He joined Barnsley on 8 January 2007 on loan until the end of the season, but the loan was effectively cut short in April 2007 when Eckersley returned to Manchester United after suffering a tore thigh muscle and did not play for Barnsley again. He was promoted to the first-team squad as cover for the injured Mikaël Silvestre at the start of the 2007–08 season, before moving to Port Vale on a month-long loan on 12 October 2007. He made his debut in a defeat to Brighton & Hove Albion on 13 October 2007, in which he was sent off. However, he only made one more appearance before picking up a knee injury and returning to Manchester United for treatment.

Port Vale
On 1 January 2008, Eckersley moved back to Port Vale, this time permanently, though only signing a six-month deal, becoming manager Lee Sinnott's first non-loan signing. Eckersley scored his first goal in English football and his first anywhere since a loan spell at Royal Antwerp in a 2–2 home draw with Yeovil Town on 29 January 2008, but he soon left the club when his contract expired at the end of the 2007–08 campaign, following Port Vale's relegation to League Two.

Horsens
Prior to the 2008–09 season, he joined Danish Superliga team Horsens on a free transfer. The "Yellow Danger" were relegated at the end of 2008–09, after manager Kent Nielsen resigned and short-term replacement Henrik Jensen failed to spark a revival; Horsens finished four points behind the safety of SønderjyskE. The club made an immediate return to the top flight by topping the 1st Division in 2009–10 under Johnny Mølby. Throughout his seasons, Eckersley made forty league appearances, scoring twice.

AGF Aarhus
In the summer of 2010, Eckersley moved to AGF Aarhus, manager Peter Sørensen intending him to replace Dennis Cagara. In his first season, he helped the club to promotion into the Danish top-flight as champions of the 1st Division. After some consistently great performances for AGF as attacking left-back and a tremendous first half-season in the Danish Superliga, including a stunning free-kick goal against Lyngby in round 13, he was selected for Les Rosbifs 'Team of the Year 2011' for best Englishmen playing overseas. AGF finished fifth in 2011–12, with Eckersley scoring seven goals in 48 appearances. The club finished in seventh place in 2012–13, and Eckersley played 35 games, including two Europa League matches. AGF dropped out of the top-flight after relegation in 2013–14. At the end of the season, it was announced that Eckersley was being released by AGF and hinted that he may return to England.

Hearts
In August 2014, Eckersley signed for Scottish Championship side Hearts until the end of the season, and having turned down an offer from a Scottish Premiership club to join Hearts he stated that move was the "best decision of his career". He made his Hearts debut on 13 September, coming on as a substitute for Kevin McHattie, in a 0–0 draw with Dumbarton. Eckersley then scored his first goal for Hearts, in a 1–0 win over Alloa Athletic on 11 October, and he scored his second goal for the club in a 4–1 win over Queen of the South on 6 December. He was a regular first-team player under manager Robbie Neilson, and helped Hearts to win promotion as champions in the 2014–15 campaign. It was reported in the Edinburgh Evening News that Hearts had decided in April 2015 not to renew Eckersley's contract for the next season. His agent stated that money was not an issue in negotiations, and that the club retracted an initial informal offer of a new contract.

Hibernian to FC Edmonton
In September 2015, Eckersley signed a short-term contract with Hibernian. Eckersley left Hibs after a four-month spell which was marred by injury. He signed with FC Edmonton in the North American Soccer League in January 2016. He missed the start of the 2016 season with a groin injury.

St Mirren
He returned to the Scottish Championship in January 2017 when he signed a short-term contract with St Mirren. He made 15 appearances for Jack Ross's "Buddies" in the second half of the 2016–17 campaign, including one in the final of the Scottish Challenge Cup at Fir Park, which ended in a 2–1 defeat to Dundee United. In May 2017, Eckersley signed a two-year contract extension, keeping him at St Mirren Park until the summer of 2019. He made 27 appearances across the 2017–18 campaign as the "Saints" secured promotion to the Scottish Premiership as champions of the Championship.

Having been told he could look for a new club by then St. Mirren manager Alan Stubbs in the summer of 2018, Eckersley and Jamie Langfield were identified by television pundit Chris Sutton as "snakes" in the team dressing room who led to Stubbs' sacking.

Eckersley found first-team opportunities limited at St. Mirren as he struggled with injuries. In January 2019, manager Oran Kearney agreed to allow him to join Scottish League One side Forfar Athletic on loan until the end of the 2018–19 season. The "Loons" ended the campaign in second-place and went on to lose 3–2 on aggregate to Raith Rovers in the play-off semi-finals.

Airdrieonians
Eckersley had been due to join Forfar permanently in the summer of 2019 after signing a pre-contract agreement earlier in the year. A change of circumstances meant that this arrangement was cancelled by mutual agreement, and Eckersley instead signed for League One rivals Airdrieonians. He was limited to just eight league appearances during the 2019–20 campaign; Ian Murray's "Diamonds" finished the league in third-place. Eckersley was one of 17 players to leave the Excelsior Stadium in June 2020 as the club opted to release the majority of their squad.

Personal life
Eckersley married Danish woman Elisabeth while playing in Denmark. Eckersley revealed the couple were married "in the City Chambers, right near the Castle".

Eckersley credited Alex Ferguson for helping him to stop gambling after Ferguson grew concerned about Eckersley's habit; Eckersley stopped playing poker after Ferguson told him a story about Keith Gillespie and his gambling habit.

Honours
AC Horsens
 * Danish 1st Division: 2009–10

AGF Aarhus
 * Danish 1st Division: 2010–11

Hearts
 * Scottish Championship: 2014–15

St Mirren
 * Scottish Championship: 2017–18

title: Adam Eckersley


text:
Wikipedia:Featured list candidates/European Union member states

European Union member states
This is along the lines of the other country lists. One shortfall is refernces, which I will correct in the next few days, but please let me have other comments. -- ALoan (Talk) 22:01, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support, looks like featured material, pending references. Phoenix2 18:21, August 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comments Dates of joining could be precise to the day, rather than just by year; it's not too big a page, some info on the special member state territories could usefully be added here - eg noting that the French DOMs are in the EU, Greenland is the only territory to have left the EU, jguk 07:15, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Support Well done --Sophitus 19:13, September 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment – the European Union page has a better map. =Nichalp   «Talk»=  08:49, September 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * NOTE: Only 3 supports (so 1 below the required level for promotion). Let's leave this to 22:01 UTC on 6 September (ie so that it has a fortnight on FLC) to allow for further comments, jguk 09:37, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment I find it a little strange that you list the Maghreb countries but not other Eastern European countries. Even Serbia and Montenegro, for example, is "regarded as a future EU member". Mwalcoff 01:46, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I guess this nomination should be withdrawn - I've not had the chance to do the work that I wanted to this article to address the comments above. I'll renominate when I have.  -- ALoan (Talk) 14:43, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Walter Humphries Montague

Walter Humphries Montague, (November 21, 1858 – November 14, 1915 ) was a Canadian politician. He was a federal cabinet minister in the governments of Mackenzie Bowell and Charles Tupper, and subsequently a provincial cabinet minister in the Manitoba government of Rodmond Roblin. Montague was a member of the Conservative Party of Canada.

Biography
Montague was born in Adelaide, in Middlesex County, Canada West (now Ontario), the son of Joseph Montague. He was educated at Woodstock College and the Toronto School of Medicine, and received a medical degree from Victoria University in 1882. He practised medicine in Dunnville, Ontario and later at the General Hospital in Hamilton. He married Angie Furey. Montague was a member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, and a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians in Edinburgh, Scotland.

He campaigned for the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a candidate of the provincial Conservative Party in the provincial election of 1883, but lost to Liberal candidate Richard Harcourt by 129 votes in the constituency of Monck. He campaigned for the House of Commons of Canada in the 1887 federal election, and defeated Liberal incumbent Charles Wesley Colter by a single vote in the riding of Haldimand, 1,746 to 1,745. The Conservatives won this election, and Montague served as a backbench supporter of John A. Macdonald's government.

Elections were frequently challenged in this period of Canadian history, and Montague's one-vote victory did not stand official scrutiny. His victory was nullified on October 15, 1887, and a new election was called for the riding on November 12. Montague this time defeated Colter by seventeen votes, and returned to the Commons. The Liberals once again challenged the result, and the second election was voided by the Supreme Court of Canada on December 14, 1888. A third election was called for January 30, 1889, which Colter won by forty-six votes.

Colter's victory, however, proved no more solid than Montague's had been. The Conservatives challenged the result of the third election, and its results were set aside on January 22, 1890. A fourth election was called for February 20, 1890, and Montague was again declared elected. He was also returned in the 1891 federal election, defeating Colter by the more convincing margin of seventy-eight votes. This time, the result was not overturned.

The Conservatives won the 1891 election, and Montague continued to serve as a government backbencher. He was promoted to cabinet by Prime Minister Mackenzie Bowell on December 21, 1894 as a Minister without portfolio. On March 26, 1895, he was further promoted to Secretary of State of Canada. He held this position until December 21, 1895, when he was named as Canada's Minister of Agriculture.

Montague resigned from cabinet on January 5, 1896, to protest against Bowell's inaction on the Manitoba Schools Question. He was part of the group of ministers famously described by Bowell as a "nest of traitors". After the issue was resolved, he returned to cabinet on January 15. He was retained in the Agriculture portfolio when Charles Tupper replaced Bowell as Prime Minister on May 1, 1896.

Montague was easily re-elected in the 1896 federal election in the redistributed riding of Haldimand and Monck. The Conservatives were defeated by Wilfrid Laurier's Liberals, however, and Montague served as an opposition member in the parliamentary that followed. He lost his seat to Andrew Thorburn Thompson by 137 votes in the 1900 election.

He returned to his medical practice after his defeat, and moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba in 1908. He returned to political life on November 4, 1913, when he was appointed as Minister of Public Works in Rodmond Roblin's provincial Conservative government. He did not hold a seat in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba at the time, so a by-election was called in Kildonan and St. Andrews for November 29, 1913.

This by-election was extremely bitter and divisive. The opposition aggressively attacked Montague's personal life and political record, while the Conservative electoral machine had over 40 cars working the constituency on polling day. Montague was elected, defeating Liberal candidate A.N. Bredin by 370 votes. He was re-elected in the 1914 provincial election by a single vote.

The Rodmond government was forced to resign in 1915, after a commission of enquiry called by the Lieutenant Governor found the government guilty of corruption in the tendering of contracts for new legislative buildings. The administration resigned on May 12, 1915, and new elections were called. Montague was not a candidate, and the Liberals won the election in a landslide.

Montague was inducted on fraud charges for his part in the contracts scandal, but died in Winnipeg before legal proceedings could begin.

His son Percival John Montague was a general and judge.

title: Walter Humphries Montague


text:
HMS Electra (H27)

HMS Electra was a one of nine E-class destroyers built for the Royal Navy during the 1930s. Sunk in the Battle of the Java Sea, Electra was a witness to many naval battles, including the Battle of the Denmark Strait and the sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse. The ship's wreck was discovered in 2003 and had been badly damaged by illegal salvagers by 2016.

Description
The E-class ships were slightly improved versions of the preceding D class. They displaced 1405 LT at standard load and 1940 LT at deep load. The ships had an overall length of 329 ft, a beam of 33 ft and a draught of 12 ft. They were powered by two Parsons geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three Admiralty three-drum boilers. The turbines developed a total of 36000 shp and gave a maximum speed of 35.5 kn. Electra carried a maximum of 470 LT of fuel oil that gave her a range of 6350 nmi at 15 kn. The ships' complement was 145 officers and ratings.

The ships mounted four 45-calibre 4.7-inch (120 mm) Mark IX guns in single mounts. For anti-aircraft (AA) defence, they had two quadruple Mark I mounts for the 0.5 inch Vickers Mark III machine gun. The E class was fitted with two above-water quadruple torpedo tube mounts for 21 in torpedoes. One depth charge rack and two throwers were fitted; 20 depth charges were originally carried, but this increased to 35 shortly after the war began.

Construction and career
She was ordered on 1 November 1932 as part of the 1931 Naval Programme; launched on 15 February 1934 at the Hawthorn Leslie Shipyard at Hebburn, Tyneside. The costs to build the ship have been given as approximately £300,000 (Janes), £247,000, or £253,350 (excluding the items supplied by the Admiralty such as guns and communications equipment).

Upon commissioning in 1934, she was attached to the 5th Destroyer Flotilla, Home Fleet, along with the rest of her sister ships. In September 1935, the 5th Flotilla was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet for the duration of the Abyssinian crisis before returning to the Home Fleet the following March. In 1936, Electra was assigned to Non-Intervention Patrols in Spanish waters during the Spanish Civil War. In 1938, she underwent a refit at Sheerness, and then was placed 'in reserve'. On 2 August 1939, she was 'Brought forward' (taken out of reserve) with Reservist ship's company, and on 26 August 1939, she attended a review by King George VI.

Early Second World War service
At the beginning of World War II, Electra was attached to the 12th Destroyer Flotilla. On 3 September 1939, Electra took part in the rescue of survivors of the liner SS Athenia (1922), which was torpedoed by the German submarine GS U-30 (1936). The captain of Electra, Lieutenant-Commander Stuart Austen "Sammy" Buss, was the Senior Officer present at the scene so he took charge. He sent the destroyer HMS Fame (H78) on an anti-submarine sweep of the area, while Electra, her sister ship HMS Escort (H66), the Swedish yacht Southern Cross, the Norwegian cargo ship Knut Nelson, and the American tanker SS City of Flint (1919) rescued the survivors. Part of the rescue effort included sending a whaler to rescue a woman still in a bunk in the sickbay of Athenia. Between the ships, about 980 passengers and crew were rescued; only 112 people were lost, and Athenia sank the next morning.

Her next assignment was to escort a convoy out of Pentland Firth, along with HMS Exmouth (H02) and HMS Inglefield (D02). During a violent storm which lasted over two days, an ammunition locker on the forecastle broke loose, and was sliding around the deck. The locker was full of shells and needed to be secured. After a short time, several volunteers managed to corral the loose object. After a boiler cleaning at Rosyth in December 1939, Electra continued escorting convoys and hunting U-boats in the Western Approaches area until April 1940. Some of the convoys she is known to have escorted include ON 14, HN 14, ON 16, HN 16, ON 18, HN 18, ON 20, and HN 20.

Norway
In early April 1940, Electra escorted two convoys to Norway and back. The first trip, which also included HMS Escapade (H17) and the cruiser HMS Southampton (C83), was uneventful. On the second trip, the convoy was attacked by German bombers. An ex-Polish liner serving as a transport was sunk, but the rest of the convoy arrived safely. After the convoy was delivered, Electra was tasked to drop off two Army officers at a desolate location. During this time, Electra shot down a German bomber with her 4.7-inch (120 mm) guns.

A few days later, Electra, being equipped with Two-Speed Destroyer Sweep (TSDS) minesweeping gear, was directed to lead the battleship HMS Warspite (03) into Ofotfjord towards Narvik, clearing a path through the minefields for her. However, Admiral Sir William Whitworth decided to risk the mines, and left Electra outside, guarding the entrance to the fjord. on 24 April, Electra escorted HMS Vindictive from Bogen to Narvik to land the Irish Guards. (See Battles of Narvik). On 8 May, Electra returned to Scapa Flow for replenishment.

On 13 June 1940, she escorted the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal (91) when she launched an air attack on Trondheim, Norway. In heavy fog, the admiral ordered the formation to turn into the wind so Ark Royal could launch aircraft. The destroyer screen was in arrowhead formation ahead of the capital ships; Electra in the port wing, HMS Antelope (H36) in the starboard wing. The message "Blue nine repeat Blue nine – Executive signal." to turn was given on a low-power short-range radio. Apparently, the telegraphist of Antelope missed the signal; as a result, Antelope continued on course while Electra executed the turn. Suddenly, Antelope appeared, cutting across the bows of Electra. With no time to stop, Electra hit Antelope aft, in the wardroom pantry, just aft of the engine room. One man from Antelope climbed up Electra's anchor chain to get away from the damaged area. Her bow was severely damaged, and it took Electra and Antelope four days to get back to Scotland at slow speed. She was repaired and refitted at the Ailsa Shipbuilding Company yard at Troon, South Ayrshire, Scotland through the end of August. Ailsa was noted primarily for the yachts it has built, and Electra was the largest repair job it had handled to date. Here she had her bow repaired, as well as having her after bank of torpedo tubes replaced by a 3-inch anti-aircraft (AA) gun, and one 20 mm Oerlikon fitted centrally on the light AA platform. Also, during the refit and repair time, the wardroom was painted in the team colours of the Glasgow Rangers football (soccer) team, which was the favourite team of the yard manager heading up the repair work. After conducting post-refit trials on 31 August, she joined the 3rd Destroyer Flotilla, Home Fleet, based at Scapa Flow.

Her first assignment after her repair work was completed was to escort the ships of the 1st Minelaying Squadron, along with the destroyers HMS Jackal (F22), HMS Versatile (D32), and HMS Vimy (D33), during the laying of a deep minefield in NW approaches to Irish Sea (Operation SN41). After this, she was part of the escort of the battlecruiser HMS Repulse (1916) in a hunt for a German surface raider that had attacked Convoy HX 84 sinking the armed merchant cruiser HMS Jervis Bay (F40) and five ships from the convoy. Electra later joined the search for survivors from the convoy.

In December, she was again on patrol seeking a German surface raider that had been reported as breaking out into the North Atlantic. The force consisted of the battlecruiser HMS Hood (51), the light cruiser HMS Edinburgh (C16), and the destroyers Electra, HMS Escapade (H17), HMS Echo (H23), and HMS Cossack (F03). After spending a week at sea, including Christmas Day, after the report turned out to be false, she returned to port on New Year's Eve. It was here that they got word that the ship's current Captain, Lieutenant-Commander Buss, was promoted to Commander and would transfer to the destroyer HMS Punjabi (F21), and the ship received a new Captain, Lieutenant-Commander Cecil Wakeford May, who would be her captain until she was sunk. (Commander Buss was later killed in action, in HMS Dulverton on 13 November 1943.) A few days after this, Electra was sent into the Arctic for a mission to find surface raiders, returning through the Denmark Strait and refuelling from a cruiser in heavy seas on the way.

The first four months of 1941 saw Electra performing mostly convoy work around the British Isles and Bristol Channel, mostly in cold weather and heavy seas. in January, she escorted the battlecruiser Hood during Operations SN6 and SN65, providing cover for minelaying in the Northern Barrage by ships of the 1st Minelaying Squadron. Starting on 23 January, Electra participated in Operation Rubble, the escape of several Norwegian merchant ships from Gothenburg, Sweden. In February, she escorted Convoy WS6A during passage from the Clyde for two days; then in late February, she escorted the battleship HMS Prince of Wales (53) during contractor's trials. One of the trips was as escort to convoy HX 122, which left Halifax on 20 April and arrived in Liverpool on 8 May. On one of the trips, she rescued the crew of a Coastal Command Avro Anson patrol aircraft that had crashed into the ocean. In March, Electra and Inglefield escorted the battleship HMS Queen Elizabeth (1913) in a search for the German battlecruisers GERMAN BATTLESHIP Scharnhorst and GERMAN BATTLESHIP Gneisenau. In mid-May, Electra took part in Operation SN9B, escorting ships of 1st Minelaying Squadron during the laying of mines in the Northern Barrage.

Hunt for Bismarck
In early May, the British Admiralty was on the alert that GERMAN BATTLESHIP Bismarck might attempt to break out into the North Atlantic. As a consequence, Electra was ordered to Scapa Flow for possible deployment against the Germans. Just after midnight of 21/22 May 1941, Electra sailed along with the destroyers HMS Achates (H12), Antelope, HMS Anthony (H40), HMS Echo (H23), and HMS Icarus (D03), escorting Hood and Prince of Wales to cover the northern approaches. The intention was that the force would refuel in Hvalfjord, Iceland, and then sail again to watch the Denmark Strait. On the evening of 23 May, the weather deteriorated. At 2055 hrs., Admiral Lancelot Holland aboard Hood signalled the destroyers "If you are unable to maintain this speed I will have to go on without you. You should follow at your best speed." At 0215 on the morning of 24 May, the destroyers were ordered to spread out at 15 nmi intervals to search to the north.

At about 0535, the German forces were sighted by Hood and, shortly after, the Germans sighted the British ships. Firing commenced at 0552. At 0601, Hood took a 38 cm (15-inch) shell from Bismarck in the after magazine, which caused a massive explosion, sinking the ship within two minutes. Electra and other destroyers were about 60 nmi away at the time. Upon hearing that Hood had sunk, Electra raced to the area, arriving about two hours after Hood went down. They were expecting to find many survivors, prepared hot coffee and rum, set up the medical facilities for the casualties, rigged scrambling nets and heaving lines, and placed life belts on the deck where they could be quickly thrown in. From the 94 officers and 1,321 enlisted men who were aboard Hood, only 3 survivors were found. Electra rescued these three and continued searching. Shortly thereafter, Icarus and Anthony joined in the search and the three ships searched the area for more survivors. No more survivors were found, only driftwood, debris, clothing, personal effects, broken rafts and a desk drawer filled with documents. After several hours of searching, they left the area. With the sea as cold as it was, survival in the water was measured in minutes. There was little probability that anyone was left alive in the water. (See Battle of the Denmark Strait).

After dropping off the survivors in Iceland, she refuelled and then sailed immediately to escort the damaged Prince of Wales to Rosyth. After arriving, the men went on a quick shore leave, their first in many months. Then in a period of two weeks, she went to Scapa Flow, then made a run down the West Coast of England, then to Ireland, then refuelled at Derry and then escorted a troop convoy into the Atlantic.

After this, she went into refit at Green & Silley Weir in the Royal Docks at London for six weeks, escorting a convoy to Sheerness on the way. When she came out of the yard, she sported a new disruptive camouflage paint scheme of blues, greens, and greys. Just two days out of the yard, she was on convoy duty again, escorting a convoy through what was called "Bomb Alley". The convoy came under heavy attack by German aircraft but suffered no losses. She then went on to Scapa Flow for assignment.

Russian convoy
Shortly after arriving at Scapa Flow, she was detailed to serve as Senior Escort for the first of Arctic convoys to the Soviet Union, called Operation Dervish, which consisted of six merchantmen, escorted by destroyers Electra, HMS Active (H14) and HMS Impulsive (D11), three Algerine-class minesweepers, and three trawlers. The convoy kept well to the west of Norway, and made a wide sweep to avoid the German bases in northern Norway, before turning south to Archangelsk. There were no losses on the trip to Russia, or on the return trip (Russian Convoy QP1) with the destroyer Active, cruisers HMS London (69) and HMS Shropshire (73), and 11 merchantmen starting on 26 September, and arriving in England on 10 October. (See Dervish Convoy).

To the Far East
On Monday, 20 October 1941, the crew of Electra got word that they, together with HMS Express (H61), would be escorting HMS Prince of Wales to the Far East under the command of Vice-Admiral Sir Tom Phillips, where the ships would form the nucleus of a new Eastern Fleet intended to deter Japanese aggression. Over the next three days, they loaded with supplies and ammunition, and returned the parkas they had obtained for their Russian trip. On 23 October, they sailed out of Scapa Flow for Greenock, and on 25 October, they sailed for the Far East. This force would be known as Force G until they reached the Far East; then they would be re-designated Force Z. They were accompanied by HMS Hesperus (H57), loaned by Western Approaches Command, for the first part of the trip. The destroyers refuelled from Prince of Wales south of Ireland. Two days later, another destroyer, HMS Legion (G74), was detached from a Gibraltar convoy to cover Prince of Wales while Electra and Express refuelled again from a tanker in Ponta del Garda in the Azores. After Electra and Express returned the following day, Hesperus and Legion departed for Gibraltar.

On 2 November, the three ships put into Freetown. They had shore leave and left the next day. They refuelled on the way and arrived at Cape Town on 16 November, with the destroyers putting into Simonstown Naval Base. The crew had shore leave again, but several events, including press interviews, were cancelled. They left Cape Town on 18 November and arrived at Colombo, Ceylon, on 28 November, stopping at Mauritius and Addu Atoll to refuel on the way. While at Addu Atoll, the crew of Prince of Wales cooked the Addu detachment of Royal Marines a Christmas dinner and sent ashore fresh fruit, meat, vegetables, beer and Navy rum.

On 29 November, the destroyers HMS Encounter (H10) and HMS Jupiter (F85), detached from the Mediterranean Fleet, joined at Colombo and the five ships sailed later that day. The ships were joined at sea by the battlecruiser Repulse which had sailed from Trincomalee. The force then set course for Singapore, where they arrived on 2 December. They spent a few days there with shore leave and refit, while awaiting orders. On 1 December, it was announced that Sir Tom Philips had been promoted to full Admiral and appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Eastern Fleet. A few days later, Repulse started on a trip to Australia with HMAS Vampire (D68) and HMS Tenedos (H04), but the force was recalled.

Force Z at Singapore
Early in the morning of 8 December, Singapore came under attack by Japanese aircraft. Prince of Wales and Repulse shot back with anti-aircraft fire. No planes were shot down and the ships sustained no damage. After receiving reports of the attack on Pearl Harbor and the invasion of Siam by the Japanese, Force Z put to sea at 1730 hrs. on 8 December. Force Z at this time consisted of Prince of Wales and Repulse, escorted by the destroyers Electra, Express, Vampire, and Tenedos. At about 1830 on 9 December, Tenedos was detached to return to Singapore, because of her limited fuel capacity. That night Electra sighted and reported a flare to the north. This caused the British force to turn away to the southeast. The flare was dropped by a Japanese aircraft over its own ships by mistake, and caused the Japanese force to turn away to the northeast. At this point, the two forces were only about five miles (8 km) apart.

At 2055, Admiral Philips cancelled the operation and ordered the force to return to Singapore. On the way back, they were spotted and reported by the JAPANESE SUBMARINE I-58. The next morning, 10 December, they received a report of Japanese landings at Kuantan and Express was sent to investigate the area, finding nothing. That afternoon, Prince of Wales and Repulse were sunk off Kuantan by 85 Japanese aircraft from the 22nd Air Flotilla based at Saigon. (See Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse). Repulse was sunk by five torpedoes in 20 minutes, and Electra and Vampire moved in to rescue survivors of Repulse, while Express rescued survivors of Prince of Wales, which sank slowly following the attacks.

Electra sent out radio messages that Repulse and Prince of Wales had sunk and that Admiral Tom Phillips had gone down with them. Even after they were rescued, some survivors of Repulse manned Action Stations on Electra, to free Electra sailors to rescue more survivors. In particular, Repulse gunners manned the 'X' and 'Y' 4.7-inch mounts and the ship's dentist of Repulse assisted Electra's medical teams with the wounded. In total, nearly 1,000 survivors of Repulse were rescued, of which Electra saved 571, some of whom would later be captured at Malaya and the Dutch East Indies when both were surrendered by the British three months later, and some were lost aboard British ships sunk by the Japanese in the Indian Ocean and at the Battle of the Java Sea. Electra and the other destroyers returned to Singapore to drop off the survivors, refuel and replenish their ammunition.

Convoy duty
The next three weeks or so saw Electra escorting convoys, and resting in Singapore in between. She had 'crossed the line' (equator) so many times that the crew stopped keeping count. One of her frequent consorts in these escort operations was the light cruiser HMAS Hobart (1939). In the last week of January, Electra was part of the escort for a troop convoy, BM-11, consisting of the American transports USS West Point (AP-23) and USS Wakefield (AP-21) and the British ships Duchess Of Bedford, Empress of Japan, and Empire Star, which was carrying troops from Bombay, India, to Singapore. This convoy was brought into Singapore on 29 January via Berhala Strait, Durian Strait, and Philips Channel, and then proceeded to Keppel Harbor. Here, at about 1100 on 31 January, Electra came alongside West Point and transferred 20 naval dockyard personnel, 8 women, one Free French officer, and a Royal Air Force officer to West Point for passage to Ceylon. (One of these women gave birth to a baby on board West Point on 4 February).

Some of the convoys that Electra was known to have escorted included:
 * BM-9B, which left Bombay on 22 December 1941, carrying the vehicles and stores for the 45th Indian Infantry Brigade; Electra escorted this convoy from 3 January 1942 until its arrival at Singapore on 6 January.
 * BM-10, which left Bombay on 8 January 1942, with the 44th Indian Infantry Brigade Group (6000 men), and vehicles and stores for the 18th Division; Electra was part of the escort between 20 January and 22 January.
 * BM-11, (mentioned above) which left Bombay on 19 January 1942, carrying 5 light anti-aircraft batteries, 1 light tank squadron, and the 18th Division (except the 53rd Brigade Group), a total of 17.000 troops; Electra was part of the escort from 24 January until its arrival at Singapore on 29 January.
 * BM-12 Return trip to Bombay; Electra was part of the escort from 7 February to 9 February while the convoy went through the Sunda Strait.

Starting on 3 February, they also had the task of towing the destroyer HMS Isis (D87) which had been undergoing refit from Singapore to Java. They were attacked by a Japanese high-level bomber on the way, but sustained no damage. (T. J. Cain in his book HMS Electra states that it was an I-class destroyer, and that Electra was the tow ship; Steve Gartland in an article in "The Sun" states that the destroyer being towed was HMAS Vendetta (D69), that the tow ship was a tug named Ping Wo, and that Electra was an escort out of Tanjung Priok starting on 17 February.) Just before Singapore fell, Electra and other destroyers escorted the remaining merchant ships to Tanjung Priok, Java.

Battle of the Java Sea and loss
On 26 February 1942, Electra arrived at Surabaya from Tanjung Priok, along with HMS Exeter (68), HMAS Perth (D29), the Dutch light cruiser HNLMS Java (1921), and the destroyers Jupiter and Encounter. HMS Dauntless (D45), HMS Danae (D44), and HMAS Hobart remained at Tanjung Priok. On 27 February, the striking force left Surabaya, the three British destroyers in the lead, with Electra in the center, Jupiter to port, and Encounter to starboard; followed by the Dutch cruiser HNLMS De Ruyter (1935), HMS Exeter (68), USS Houston (CA-30), HMAS Perth, and  HNLMS Java; followed by two Dutch and four American destroyers. (See Battle of the Java Sea.)

That afternoon, they made contact with the enemy. Electra managed to evade the shells and torpedoes in the first round. At 1715, Exeter received a hit which destroyed a 4 in gun mount and then exploded in a boiler room, causing her to lose speed. At 1725, seeing that Exeter was in trouble, Electra headed toward the enemy ships, followed by the other two British destroyers, to cover Exeter's escape. After several near misses from gunfire from the Japanese light cruiser JAPANESE CRUISER Jintsū, Electra fired back, scoring several hits on Jintsū and the destroyer JAPANESE DESTROYER Asagumo disabling her engines, she also managed to score hits on destroyers Minegumo and Tokitsukaze. During this slugging match, Electra sustained several hits, which knocked out A and X gun mounts, wrecked the electrical system forward, cut off all communications, destroyed a searchlight platform, damaged the after boiler room, and ruptured the main steam line. Electra came to a stop, fired off her torpedoes, and started to list to port. After a fire started under 'B' gun mount and 'Y' mount ran out of ammunition, abandon ship was ordered. One surviving whaleboat got away after being loaded with wounded, but it was destroyed by a shell shortly after. She sank shortly afterwards on the afternoon of 27 February 1942, bow first, with the White Ensign still flying.

Survivors
That night, about 0235hrs. in the morning of 28 February, 54 survivors of the 173 men on board were picked up by the United States submarine USS S-38 (SS-143), and were taken to Surabaya. When the submarine surfaced in the middle of the survivors, they were not sure if it was friendly or enemy. One of the survivors recognised the submarine as being friendly because it had an 'Admiralty' type anchor; and at that time, only United States submarines still had this type of anchor. One of the survivors died on the submarine on the way, Leading Seaman Frederick Arthur Castle. After treatment in a Dutch hospital, 42 survivors were taken to Australia by the inter-island steamer General Verspijck, manned by the survivors, where they arrived on 10 March. One more survivor died at the hospital in Surabaya, and 10 others in critical condition were left at the hospital becoming Japanese POW's. 3 died in captivity, Stoker Sidney Thomas Eaglestone, Telegraphist Harry Lancelot Friend and Leading Seaman Charles Henry Palmer.

4 days after the sinking a Japanese destroyer picked up another 6 survivors, of an original 19 on, or trying to hang on to another raft. They became POW's, with 4 dying in captivity, Stoker Petty Officer Joseph Edward Davies, Able Seaman Thomas Joseph Hughes, Able Seaman James George Ernest Peacefull and Chief Petty Officer Engine Room Artificer Samuel Robert Roy Wood. Only 2 survived the war, Lieutenant Stewart Alexander Cruden and Able Seaman Everitt Albert "Eddie" Skerritt.

At least 21 survivors were shipped home on the SS Ceramic from Sydney, New South Wales 25 May 1942 to Norfolk, Virginia (via New Zealand and the Panama Canal), to New York 25 July 1942 and onward to Halifax, Nova Scotia and Liverpool on the 14 Aug 1942. (The Ceramic was lost later in the year with only one survivor from 656 onboard.) Many of the others were loaned to the Royal Australian Navy for up to 2 years. After spending some time recovering in hospital in Australia, at least one of the survivors, Gunner (Torpedoes) Lieutenant Timothy John Cain was put on the liner Nankin, bound for Ceylon, and ultimately, home to Britain. On the way, Nankin was attacked and sunk by the German raider GERMAN AUXILIARY CRUISER Thor. The survivors, after spending seven weeks on the raider's supply ship Regensburg, were handed over to the Japanese, where they spent the rest of the war in a Japanese prison camp.

On 29 March 1947, a stained glass window at St. George's Chapel at the Royal Naval Barracks, Chatham, was dedicated to the crew of Electra.

The wreck
On 19 August 2003, the wreck of Electra was found. It is lying on its port side in approximately 160 ft of water, almost completely covered with fishing nets. Her wreck had been badly damaged by illegal salvagers when an expedition surveyed the site in 2016.

title: HMS Electra (H27)


text:
Epic (Faith No More song)

"Epic" is a song by American rock band Faith No More. It was released as the second single from their third album, The Real Thing (1989), in 1990 in United States, the United Kingdom, and Europe. The song was the band's breakthrough hit, peaking at number nine on the US Billboard Hot 100, number two in New Zealand, and number one in Australia for three weeks. It is among the band's most popular songs and a staple in their concerts.

"Epic" was ranked number 30 on VH1's 40 Greatest Metal Songs. In 2009, it was ranked the 54th best hard rock song of all time by VH1 and appeared at number 46 on the Triple J Hottest 100 of All Time, an Australian music poll.

Composition and musical style
Bassist Billy Gould said, "It was conceived naturally as a riff in the studio between Roddy, myself and Mike Bordin during rehearsal that later got fleshed out into an entire song." He also said that, after the disappointing performance of the album's first single ("From Out of Nowhere"), the record label had low expectations and let the band pick whatever song they wanted as the next music video (and thus, the next single). "So we picked 'Epic' because it just felt the most natural at the time. We had very little expectations of it becoming a commercial hit," said Gould.

The song has been labeled rap metal,   rap rock,   funk metal,  alternative metal, and hard rock.

Music video
Directed by Ralph Ziman, the music video for "Epic" features surreal images, which are combined with performance footage of the band soaked by an artificial rainstorm on a sound stage. The final shot is of keyboardist Roddy Bottum playing the piano outro on an upright model, which explodes in slow motion after he finishes and walks away from it.

Guitarist Jim Martin was a schoolmate, close friend and fan of the late Metallica bassist Cliff Burton. In the video, he can be seen wearing a T-shirt with a photo of Cliff with the words "A Tribute to Cliff Burton". In addition, Mike Patton can be seen wearing a Mr. Bungle shirt that reads "There's A Tractor In My Balls Again".

Controversy
The video gained controversy due to a scene at the end where a fish is out of water and appears to be dying on camera.

During an interview, the band joked that the fish seen flopping around in the music video belonged to Icelandic singer Björk, who at the time was the singer for the band The Sugarcubes, and they claimed to have stolen it from her at a party. There are also stories of Björk giving the fish to Bottum after a poetry reading in San Francisco. This was confirmed by the singer who defended the group, saying that "I know those guys, I know they wouldn't do anything to harm [him]. But I know, if I had gone home with MY fish, which was given to ME, none of this would have ever happened."

Director, Ralph Ziman, confirmed in 2010, that several fish were used during the filming of the video and none were out of water for very long. The fish were released following the completion of the video.

Reception
"Epic" was the band's most successful single in the US and was generally well received. According to Rolling Stone, it set a standard that Faith No More did not match with its later albums. Both the Philadelphia Daily News and Los Angeles Times praised the song, citing the song as "radio-ready" and "radical", respectively. However, The New York Times also cited Faith No More as "style-crunching," using "Epic" as their example. The Village Voice's Pazz & Jop annual year-end critics' poll ranked "Epic" at number five on their poll of the best singles of 1990, tying with Lisa Stansfield's "All Around the World". Anthony Kiedis of the Red Hot Chili Peppers would later accuse Patton of stealing his style in the form of this video and numerous performances.

Track listings
American release

This version was released in the US as a "Slash sticker" labelled 7-inch and as a cassette with a "Burning Splash" sleeve.

Australian release

The 7-inch and cassette versions of this release only had tracks 1 and 2, unlike the 12-inch which featured all 3.

UK and international release

The initial release of "Epic", released in the UK, Germany, Japan and internationally. The 7-inch editions only had tracks one, two, and occasionally three. Track five was exclusive to Japanese issues.

UK and international reissue

Reissue version of the single "Epic". The 7-inch vinyl and cassette versions only had the first two tracks.

Personnel
Personnel are sourced from Mix.
 * Mike Patton – lead and backing vocals
 * James Martin – guitar
 * Roddy Bottum – E-mu Emax synthesizer, piano
 * Billy Gould – bass, E-mu Emax synthesizer
 * Mike Bordin – drums

Covers
"Epic" has been covered both in concerts and on the Kerrang! Higher Voltage CD, a compilation of artists covering other songs. Such artists include the Welsh rock band The Automatic; the CD was released on June 20, 2007. The metalcore band Atreyu also covered the song on their album Lead Sails Paper Anchor, and the Swedish indie pop band Love Is All covered the song on the B-side to their What's Your Rupture? 7-inch "Wishing Well." An arrangement by Mateo Messina was featured in the 2011 film Young Adult. Additionally, Canadian band The Veer Union released a cover of "Epic" in late October 2017. In 2023, The Lucid along with Violent J (Insane Clown Posse) released a re-imagining of "Epic" titled "Sweet Toof"; keeping the music unchanged but re-writing all lyrics and vocal melodies except for a callback to the original chorus during the outro.

In popular culture

 * The song appears in the video games Burnout Paradise, Rock Band, Saints Row: The Third and Guitar Hero Live as well as DLC for Guitar Hero 5.
 * "Epic" appeared in a commercial for the console versions of Street Fighter IV with the announcer stating about the game's "epic return". https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=kS5KhVeYfWw&pp=ygUkZmFpdGggbm8gbW9yZSBlcGljIHN0cmVldCBmaWdodGVyIGl2
 * Since the mid-1990s, the Penrith Panthers rugby league team in the NRL competition uses a truncated version of "Epic" as the run out song for the second half of the match.
 * Neil Cicierega produced a mashup of the song and the 1975 War hit "Low Rider" titled "What Is It" for his album Mouth Silence.
 * The song is used in the movies The Taking of Beverly Hills, The Disaster Artist, and Yes Day.
 * Pro wrestler Alex Colon uses the song as his entrance theme song during his appearance.
 * "Epic" appeared in the ninth episode of the first season of the television series Twisted Metal.

title: Epic (Faith No More song)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Phantasm Films and Enterprises

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. --Ryan Delaney talk 20:21, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Phantasm Films and Enterprises
--Simply a vague explanation of this company, should be deleted or for the least added to extensively. D. J. Bracey (talk) 22:03, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Tonywalton | Talk 22:39, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. --tranquileye 19:32:47, 2005-08-30 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:Sunderland A.F.C. managers

title: Category:Sunderland A.F.C. managers


text:
Stokesay

Stokesay is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Craven Arms, in the Shropshire district, in the ceremonial county of Shropshire, England. It is just south of Craven Arms on the A49 road, also fleetingly visible from the Shrewsbury to Hereford Welsh Marches railway line. In 1961 the parish had a population of 1217.

Less than a mile to the north is the small town of Craven Arms and 6 miles to the south east is the larger, historical market town of Ludlow. On 1 April 1987 the parish was abolished and merged with Halford to form Craven Arms. These two older entities continued as parish wards, however a review of the governance of Craven Arms in 2012 concluded in the abolition of these two wards from May 2013.

The River Onny runs past Stokesay, on its way south, and the bridge which carries the A49 over the river is Stokesay Bridge. Within the former parish, to the south of the hamlet of Stokesay is Stoke Wood and the hamlet of Aldon ; to the northeast is the hamlet of Whettleton.

Nearby, on the outskirts of Craven Arms, is the Shropshire Hills Discovery Centre, with its grass roof easily seen from the A49. Also in Craven Arms is the nearest railway station, which for over a hundred years was named Craven Arms and Stokesay, before a rename in 1974.

Saxon & Norman history
In the mid 10th century, the manor of Stoke was held by Wild Edric, a Saxon nobleman, notable for his strenuous resistance to the Normans immediately after the Norman Conquest of England. The Normans wrested the manor from his hands and granted it in their normal fashion to a notable Norman as a reward for his part in the Conquest, one Picot de Say, also known as William de Picot. It was this man who had a house and church built some time after 1068.

Domesday Book
Stokesay is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Stoches. It had 47 households, making it a well-populated manor; neighbouring Aldon manor was also well-populated. Stokesay formed part of the Saxon hundred of Culvestan.

Attractions
Stokesay is famous for Stokesay Castle, a fortified manor house and one of the best preserved and oldest examples of the type in the country.

The hamlet, which even today comprises just a church, a working farm and a few houses, was previously known as simply Stoke, a widespread English placename meaning 'enclosure'.

The Church of St John the Baptist, Stokesay is dedicated to St John the Baptist and is a rare example of the Commonwealth style (having been rebuilt during the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell's rule). John Derby Allcroft became Lord of the Manor and Patron of Saint John the Baptist church.

The Craven Arms parish war memorial, with its statue of a World War I infantryman, since 1956 has stood in Stokesay churchyard, having previously stood where it was unveiled in 1921 in the main junction of Craven Arms town opposite the hotel the town is named for. The figure has been known as "Old Bill" for its resemblance to the Bruce Bairnsfather cartoon character.

The film Atonement was filmed in part near Stokesay at the mansion Stokesay Court.

Folklore
According to legend, Stokesay was once the home of two giants, one of whom lived on View Edge, and the other on Norton Camp. They kept their treasure in Stokesay Castle, but upon losing the key to the castle, they both died of grief.

Rail Access

 * Craven Arms railway station

title: Stokesay


text:
Social Democracy (Italy)

The Social Democracy party (Democrazia Sociale) was a radical and social-liberal political party in Italy.

History
The Social Democracy party was formed for the 1919 general election by the union of the Constitutional Democratic Party with several other parties of the liberal left. In that occasion the party, that was especially strong in Southern Italy, gained 10.9% of the vote and 60 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.

Four years later, in 1921 general election the party won only 4.7% of the vote and 29 seats.

In January 1922 the "National Council of Social Democracy and Radicalism" was officially created; this event is considered the date of the party's official formation and of the dissolution of the Italian Radical Party. The main party's founders were Giovanni Antonio Colonna di Cesarò, Arturo Labriola and Ettore Sacchi.

After the March on Rome, the party took part to the governments of Benito Mussolini until July 1924. It gained only 1.6% of votes in the general election of the same year and Antonio Colonna di Cesarò took part to the Aventine Secession. The party was disbanded by the regime in 1926, as all the other parties.

After World War II some of its members joined the Labour Democratic Party, a centre-left party.

title: Social Democracy (Italy)


text:
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-08-22/Experimental deletion process 2

Kim Bruning created a new experimentation page on 18 August to go along with Deletion reform, Experimental Deletion

The process
The page welcomes proposals from anyone; the purpose is to host experiments on different ways to delete pages. Current experiments include page-blanking, page moves, and categorization. The experiment's main goal is to help users learn about Mediawiki, and what is currently possible on Mediawiki to help alleviate the VfD overload.

Kim Bruning said of the page, "XD is a central page from where to run experiments with deletion. A bit like an X-plane contest. You can actually try the experiments out in your normal day to day New pages or RC patrol. It's fun to play with them, and the experiments turn out to not be very disruptive at all, so there's no harm in using them!"


text: Category:Megadeth songs

title: Category:Megadeth songs


text:
Welch Suggs

Welch Suggs is an American sportswriter, chiefly covering American collegiate sports. He is an associate director for the Knight Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics and an associate professor of journalism at the University of Georgia. He is a writer for The Chronicle of Higher Education. In 2005, Suggs released A Place on the Team: The Triumph and Tragedy of Title IX through Princeton University Press about Title IX, concerning sex discrimination in education.

title: Welch Suggs


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/P2pmud

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. --Ryan Delaney talk 15:27, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

P2pmud
Advertisement, non-notable. Kurt Shaped Box 22:06, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete concur with nominator. D. J. Bracey (talk) [[Image:Flag of California.svg|25px]] 22:21, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. nn alpha release software. ManoaChild 00:25, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Amren (talk) 02:41, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity ad.  Grue   05:41, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/P2pmud


text:
Talk:First Dynasty of Egypt

Reign length of Hor-Aha
The current table with estimated reign dates for the kings of the first dynasty is just plainly laughable : poor Hor-Aha is given 1 year (yes one year) of reign, probably to fit somebody's timeline according to which Narmer accessed the throne on the round date of 3100BC and got 50 years of life in retribution for his awsomeness. Given the remaining evidence, Hor-Aha's reign must have been 30 to 40 years long as well... Iry-Hor (talk) 21:47, 28 March 2012 (UTC)

Is it just me?
or does that first sentence need to be re-written?-- Violin Girl ♪ 19:38, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

I have a book in front of me...
...Gardiner's Egypt of the Pharaohs to be exact. I know that it's old, but I see a very strong and comprehensive arguement that Menes is not Hor-Aha, on the basis of the way a ostricon writes the names of both Hor-Aha and Menes. Rather, he believes him to be Narmer. I have another book next to me, Ian Shaw's Dictionary of Ancient Egypt, which says that an identification of Menes with either Narmer or Hor-Aha is jumping the gun. And finally, I have a book, Grimal's A History of Ancient Egypt, which says that menes was probably Narmer, and might have been Hor-Aha. Unless someone can come up with another verefiable source, specifically, one that argues against Gardiner's arguement that Menes is absolutely not Hor-Aha, I recommend that we put all three in the beginning of Dynasty I on this list, with a note that Menes may be narmer. At the very least, we have to eliminate the Menes->Hor-Aha connexion unless it can be verefied by a source of equal status as Gardiner which tries specifically to prove that his arguement, or an arguement like his, is wrong. Thanatosimii 02:30, 12 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree with you. The seals of Den and Qaa are clearly establishing Narmer as the first king of the first dynasty, immediatly before Hor Aha, which strongly points to the equation Narmer = Menes. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 163.1.246.64 (talk) 13:32, 14 March 2012 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Moved as requested Mike Cline (talk) 15:23, 6 February 2012 (UTC)

 * First dynasty of Egypt → First Dynasty of Egypt relisted--Mike Cline (talk) 12:18, 24 January 2012 (UTC) – 03:57, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Second dynasty of Egypt → Second Dynasty of Egypt
 * Third dynasty of Egypt → Third Dynasty of Egypt
 * Fourth dynasty of Egypt → Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
 * Fifth dynasty of Egypt → Fifth Dynasty of Egypt
 * Sixth dynasty of Egypt → Sixth Dynasty of Egypt
 * Seventh and eighth dynasties of Egypt → Seventh and Eighth Dynasties of Egypt
 * Ninth dynasty of Egypt → Ninth Dynasty of Egypt
 * Twentieth dynasty of Egypt → Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
 * Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt → Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt
 * Twenty-second dynasty of Egypt → Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt
 * Twenty-third dynasty of Egypt → Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt
 * Twenty-fourth dynasty of Egypt → Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt
 * Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt → Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
 * Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt → Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
 * Twenty-eighth dynasty of Egypt → Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt
 * Twenty-ninth dynasty of Egypt → Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt
 * Thirtieth dynasty of Egypt → Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt

– The capitalized form seems to be more common (see http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=first+dynasty%2CFirst+Dynasty&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=0&smoothing=3). As well, it is preferred by The SBL Handbook of Style For Ancient Near Eastern, Biblical, and Early Christian Studies (p. 165). It also seems more correct since they are proper nouns.

For anyone curious, I generated the list using the following Python code (with a manual fix for 20 and 30): Inverse Hypercube 02:01, 11 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Strongly Oppose per MOS:CAPS, lacking evidence that they are "proper nouns". They seem not to be widely used terms, but more descriptive and/or the terms used by one main author.  No evidence they have been accepted as proper names.  nb: the Strongly is only here to call attention to and balance the other meaningless Strongly below; the matter is actually routine.  Dicklyon (talk) 08:08, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose -- I also do not see any reason for the capitalisation of "dynasty". Peterkingiron (talk) 17:41, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Comment - I've definitely seem them used with capitals, but you may need to provide some evidence here as Dicklyon says. Rennell435 (talk) 04:10, 16 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose. I wouldn't consider them to be proper nouns and I've seen both usages. Good Ol’factory (talk) 04:19, 18 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Support. On further reflection and research on this issue, I think I'm convinced by the nominator's arguments. Given that both types of usage are common enough to support usage here, I can support the change. Good Ol’factory (talk) 22:31, 24 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Strongly Support    per WP:COMMONNAME. This idiosyncratic interpretation of WP:MOSCAPS is not what the guideline says; in this case, it is not what most writers of English use. These are  proper names, the names of particular set of rulers, as much as Han Dynasty is. — Preceding unsigned comment added by JCScaliger (talk • contribs)
 * Indeed, as reading the articles will show, there are real arguments as to whether the names are correct. Was the First Dynasty actually first? Probably, but it has been disputed. Was the Eighth Dynasty actually a dynasty? Probably not. These are marks of a proper name. WP:TITLE cites Boston Massacre as a name we adopt because it is usage; although it is both tendentious and inaccurate, even those who say that "the Boston Massacre was not a massacre" call it that. But they don't call it the "Boston massacre." This is the same question. JCScaliger (talk) 07:12, 19 January 2012 (UTC)
 * You mentioned Han Dynasty. While the Chinese dynasty articles tend to capitalize "Dynasty", most other dynasty articles in other "countries" do not. See contents of the subcategories of Category:Dynasties by country. Such usage may or may not be preferred by certain editors, but the current name format is certainly the more common of the two possibilities throughout WP. Good Ol’factory (talk) 10:02, 19 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is not a reliable source. On the Han, it follows reliable sources. JCScaliger (talk) 13:56, 19 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm not citing it as a reliable source; I'm merely pointing out that the Han Dynasty example was a cherry pick. Good Ol’factory (talk) 21:10, 19 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose -- While I agree that "First Dynasty" may be used as a proper noun (e.g., "a First Dynasty pharaoh"), the full title "First Dynasty of Egypt" is not. The title of this page is general (i.e., the first dynasty of Egypt), not a particular name for that dynasty (e.g., First Dynasty or Dynasty I).  The title should either be left uncapitalised, or replaced with a used proper noun, perhaps with a necessary disambiguation term (e.g., "First Dynasty (Egypt)"). gergis (talk) 08:07, 19 January 2012 (UTC)
 * That is no excuse for the present titles; as descriptive titles, they are mistaken. Nor does any guideline say that disambiguation has to be in parentheses; our article title guideline prefers to have natural and idiomatic forms of disambiguation when they exist. JCScaliger (talk) 08:34, 19 January 2012 (UTC)
 * And First Dynasty of Egypt remains more common than the present title. That would seem, therefore, to be the reasonable description. JCScaliger (talk) 08:48, 19 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Your linked ngrams are strange and defective, JCScaliger. Try these instead. That's how to do a proper comparison. (Note the recent trend; and note the later date that is now available: 2008.) N oetica Tea? 12:27, 19 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Which still show that the proposed name is more common. JCScaliger (talk) 13:54, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Support all. Current names are arguably inaccurate and certainly ambiguous, eg the Thirtieth Dynasty was not necessarily the thirtieth dynasty. It is exactly this sort of ambiguity that capitalisation avoids in English. Opposition is yet another legalistic misinterpretation of WP:CAPS, which badly needs tweaking. Andrewa (talk) 00:14, 20 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Weak support. Consistency is impossible here. The Egyptian dynasties are comparable with the Islamic and non-Chinese Asian dynasties that are uncapitalized on Wikipedia, but they are also comparable with the Chinese dynasties and, for that matter, the royal houses of Europe, whose names are always capitalized. I have seen "First Dynasty" and the like many, many times, and that may well be the more widespread form in Egyptological writing. And as JCScaliger says, their numbering is probably very inaccurate and the names are used simply by convention. Also, my Chicago Manual of Style, which has a strong preference for lower-case forms in areas of ambiguity, uses capitals (apparently because the dynasties represent historical periods, comparable with terms like "Fifth Republic"). So if people need evidence that the dynasties are proper nouns, there it is. A. Parrot (talk) 00:29, 21 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia naming of Chinese dynasties isn't relevant, as it doesn't follow common usage among historians of China, who tend to write "Han dynasty", etc. Kanguole 18:47, 31 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Support. Although the Chinese example is mistaken, these names of Egyptian dynasties seem to be acting as proper nouns.  Kanguole 18:51, 31 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Support Follow the nominator -Ilhador- (talk) 10:29, 2 February 2012 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

An absolute chronology for early Egypt using radiocarbon dating and Bayesian statistical modelling
The Egyptian state was formed prior to the existence of verifiable historical records. Conventional dates for its formation are based on the relative ordering of artefacts. This approach is no longer considered sufficient for cogent historical analysis. Here, we produce an absolute chronology for Early Egypt by combining radiocarbon and archaeological evidence within a Bayesian paradigm. Our data cover the full trajectory of Egyptian state formation and indicate that the process occurred more rapidly than previously thought. We provide a timeline for the First Dynasty of Egypt of generational-scale resolution that concurs with prevailing archaeological analysis and produce a chronometric date for the foundation of Egypt that distinguishes between historical estimates.

See also. Dougweller (talk) 12:48, 4 September 2013 (UTC)

WP:ERA
Per, this edit established the usage of the page as. Kindly maintain it consistently, pending a new consensus to the contrary. — Llywelyn II   03:20, 11 February 2017 (UTC)

Gaps
Added "possible gap" to table in places where the linked article didn't specify that scholars know a direct succession occurred. If we're certain of no gaps or interregnums through the dynasty, feel free to remove them. — Llywelyn II   04:57, 11 February 2017 (UTC)

Transclusion tag added to Talk page, July 2024
Please see the tag for link to discussion on relevant talkpage. Neatly95 (talk) 12:34, 7 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:First Dynasty of Egypt


text:
Firing points

A firing point is a prepared fighting position from which infantry can defend territory with minimal exposure to return fire. Construction ranges from simple sandbag walls to sophisticated, permanent fortifications. Large artillery emplacements, for example, are vulnerable to attack by lightly armed and mobile troops who can avoid the primary armament's field of fire by dispersal or stealth, or by taking advantage of the limitations in the weapon's traverse or depression. Military engineers typically include firing points in these constructions, allowing defenders to deflect such an attack. This includes slit trenches, pillboxes, and redoubts.

title: Firing points


text:
John Egan (Canadian politician)

John Egan (November 11, 1811 – July 11, 1857) was an Irish-Canadian businessman and political figure in the Ottawa region.

He was born near Aughrim, Ireland, in 1811. He came to Aylmer, Lower Canada, Canada, in 1830. After working with a lumber company on the upper Ottawa River, he entered the business himself near Bytown. He founded the town of Eganville in Ottawa Valley on the Bonnechere River, later expanding his operation to the Quyon, Petawawa and Madawaska Rivers. Egan was one of four men to finance the construction of the first flour and sawmill in Aylmer in 1839, and in partnership with Joseph Aumond, he founded the Union Forwarding Company in 1845. In the late 1840s, he began building a number of sawmills. Together with Ruggles Wright, he also operated a steamship transporting goods on the Ottawa River. Egan also played an important role in the development of railways service to the area, including the Bytown and Prescott Railway.

He bought James Wadsworth's farm at the ‘Fifth Chute’ on the Bonnechere in 1838, which he later developed into the village of Eganville, Ontario. John Egan is known as the namesake for Eganville. He built dams and timber slides along the Bonnechere River and employed thousands of men through lumber camps and transportation. Thanks to Egan's interest in red pine and business investments, the surrounding area would become a hub for lumber activity with Eganville at the centre.

By 1850, he was the dominant force in the timber trade along the Ottawa River. He had been elected first mayor of Aylmer in 1847. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada in the riding of Ottawa County in 1848 and was reelected there in 1851. In 1854, he became the first elected representative for the newly formed riding of Pontiac.

A decline in the red pine market forced him into bankruptcy in 1854.

He died in 1857 at Quebec City while still representing Pontiac, after two years of ill health.

In 1864, the Egan Township in Quebec was named in his honour (see: Egan-Sud, Quebec).

title: John Egan (Canadian politician)


text:
Continence

Continence may refer to:

 * Fecal continence, the ability to control defecation, see Fecal incontinence
 * Urinary continence, the ability to control urination, see Urinary incontinence, the involuntary excretion of urine
 * Sexual continence, a synonym of Coitus reservatus
 * Sexual abstinence

 * Incontinence (philosophy), a lack of self-control (Greek: ἀκρασία)

title: Continence


text:
User:Celestianpower/Archive3

'This page is an archive of the third 20 topics on my talk page, lodged between the 15th of August 2005 and the 23rd of August 2005. Please do not modify this page. If you wish to revive a discussion here, please don't hesitate to copy it back to my current talk page and add your comment per my policy.'

Re:Welcome (IsWayneBradygonnahavetosmacka)
To little to late, it's to bad i been made to feel so unwelcomed on here already. --IsWayneBradygonnahavetosmacka 09:40, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Welcome Message (Malaise)
Thank you very much for your kind and highly informative message! I simply love the fact that in wikipedia, anybody can simply get down to work on improving the site, with improvement not restricted to adding new articles and information to existing articles. I foresee a great time here. Thanks again for your message! It's much appreciated. --Malaise 11:19, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Flaunted
thanks for the welcome, i have been using the site for ages...finally decided to create a log-in. hehe :) Flaunted 14:46, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Ground Zero
Ground Zero has accepted his nomination to be an admin and replied to questions at Requests_for_adminship/Ground_Zero. Homey 21:04, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Re: Welcome (Eldar)
Thanks for the welcome message :-) Actually I have been around for a few months (and just used the Wikipedia for a few months before that). Currently I try to be conservative in my edits (most articles I know about are rather good as they are), adding or correcting one bit of information at a time. As I gain experience (and get some more free time on my hands) I hope to implement one or two new article ideas that I have in my mind.

I must say that I find the Wikipedia one of the most surprisingly useful projects on the net. "Surprisingly" because it is one of those ideas that tend to draw out the "It will never work" comment from people that did not see it in action. But it sure works.

Eldar 22:39, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks!
Hiya. Just wanted to thank you for supporting my recent RfA. Cheers! --Ngb 19:21, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

User:A Man In Black/Poketasks
No ire at all, but User:A Man In Black/Poketasks is my personal checklist of stuff to do. Granted, I did want to remove the IPA thing, but if you want to remind me of something related to it could you instead drop me a note on the talk page, next time? - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 20:52, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I didn't realise that you minded me removing something you'd removed from everywhere else, I thought it an open-and-shut kind of edit and obviously I wouldn't do it otherwise. If you'd prefer, I'll leave alone. Sorry. --Celestianpower hab 20:56, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Don't worry too much about it. I'm not mad, I just want to keep that page as my personal checklist. - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 21:00, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

Blaziken, Growlithe and Name Origins
I just finished expanding them. I also went over all the Name Origins of all the Pokemon, and corrected them (both grammatical errors and information mistakes). I assigned this task to myself because I have a lot to give in this area. If there's any other way to contribute to this Pokémon project, please feel free to notify me. Thanks --ErezR 21:24, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

Welcome message
Thank you for welcoming me & the advise. I contributed to the Dutch and German Wikipedia already, so I think it won't be much of a problem to follow the guidelines. Still thanks, and good luck! Friedrich Tellberg 18:21, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

Suggestion
Hi again Celestianpower! You said hi to me last week (I'm Saudade7)

I was just reading your message again and I am thinking it might be something you send out to all new people? If so (and please don't hold this against me) you might want to fix this line: "There are lots of policies and guidelines to get to grips with but they all make you're life easier and you're stay more fun in the long run." I think you meant "your" instead of you're" e.g. "you're life" and "you're stay"...you probably have to write so much, and if you are like me, most of it gets done at 3am! that a few things like this slip through. Okay! Don't hate me for being nit-picky, but otherwise I probably wouldn't be as obsessed with Wiki as I am! Love, Saudade7 Saudade7 19:01, 17 August 2005 (UTC)Aug 17? I hope I did that right!
 * Thank you very much for pointing that out. I've now fixed it. Hope you're having fun! --Celestianpower hab 09:34, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

May I nominate you for admin?
I'd like to nominate you for admin. Pedant 06:53, 2005 August 18 (UTC)
 * Yes, please do! Thank you. --Celestianpower hab 09:34, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

3RR breach
You have removed the image on Jynx (Pokémon) 3 times in the last 24 hours. See this policy page for the official policy. If you revert again, you will be blocked for 24 hours and the page may be protected. --Celestianpower hab 08:56, 15 August 2005 (UTC)
 * WHAT!? That's harsh!

But what is your reason of putting that pic there in the first place? It wasn't there before!

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Jynx" (Previously unsigned comment made by Jynx at 09:53 on 18 August 2005)
 * Please remember to sign and date talk page entries.
 * No, I believe it adds context to the criticisms section. Wikipedia is not filtered for the protection of minors. We have an article on Child Pornography so why should we remove the picture of Jynx from when she has black skin? Even pokemon.com has that image. --Celestianpower hab 09:34, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

The ASUE Table
Could you edit your ASUE table so that it's more like the table at the bottom of Pink Floyd? The space that it occupies could be used for other things (E.G. the book covers), and similar tables are more traditionally put at the bottoms of pages, anyway. Mr Who 17:31, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * If you change the table to include the book cover, the table would become too large. One of the problems with the table is the size. Does it really need to be any larger than it already is? I think that it should be moved to the bottom, and reshaped. The movement to the bottom will not remove any ease of use. Mr Who 17:56, 18 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Much better. I edited it so that the picture would be inside the navbar; it was outside for some reason. Are you ready to change its location and such? Mr Who 18:50, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Style remarks
Hi Celestianpower. Thank you for your edits at Murderous Maths. I have just a small remark about style. According to Manual of Style, one should write ==External links== instead of ==External Links==. Does not matter much, but it is worth keeping this convention for the sake of consistency. So I thought I would let you know. Thanks. Oleg Alexandrov 01:09, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Fernando Rizo's RfA
Thanks for supporting my RfA earlier this week, Celestianpower. I'll see you around the Wiki. Fernando Rizo T/C 19:07, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thank you for the vote at RFA. Greatly appreciated.

Re: Welcome (SamanthaPr)
Just wanted to pop in to say thanks for the welcome message you wrote. I appreciate it. :) SamanthaPr 19:16, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Fuchsia City challenge
Drop me a note when you're done rewriting this. I saw the version you just posted, and it had me pondering what's appropriate for a list or not. (I'm not quite convinced that this isn't better suited to a list, but I wanted to let you finish rewriting.) - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 09:15, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Contrast the article as written with User:A Man In Black/Poketasks/Merge/List of places in Kanto. I'm ambivalent; I really feel the context is an aid to understanding and that places in Pokémon are way down the list of notable subjects, but this list would have 12-15 items on it, all about that length or so. (Note that some of them would be breakout See Alsos, similar to List of Pokémon items.)

Your thoughts? Any worries about lost info here? - A Man In Black (Talk | Contribs) 01:07, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Adminship
Celeste: Thank you for supporting my nomination for adminship. I received many votes from editors that I encounter frequently, which is re-assuring, but I am honoured that you and others that I don't know through Wikipedia saw fit to support the nomination. The admin powers will enable me to patrol for vandals more effectively, amongst other things. I promise to use my new powers for good, and not to inflict the retribution on my enemies that they so richly deserve, as tempting as that may be. ;-) Thanks again, Kevin. Ground Zero 13:26, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Odd Request
I have kind of an odd request. May I steal (read inherit) your Adminship criteria page? I'd give you credit for the original page and only make a few changes. I have my own criteria page, but I never liked the way I worded it and felt I was too harsh. Acetic Acid 20:14, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * Most certainly do. I have no problem with that. I'll take it as a compliment... —Cel es tianpower háblame 20:05, 29 June 2006 (UTC) 20:24, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much! I get the feeling I was offending others by opposing so often. This lays everything out in clear, concise terms. The only changes I'm going to make are number-related ones. Acetic Acid 20:40, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

title: User:Celestianpower/Archive3


text: User talk:172.158.146.43

title: User talk:172.158.146.43


text: User talk:69.251.45.108

title: User talk:69.251.45.108


text:
User:Bpa

=Bala Amavasai=

Use this link to leave me a message on my talk page

I am a keen contributer of photographs to Wikipedia. My main equipment are The R6 is currently the mainstay, because it's so compact and easy to carry around when travelling. The 7.1x optical zoom and image stabiliser is godsent. However I'm convinced now that the Canon and Nikon cameras produce better image quality. I'm into machine vision so I'm supposed to know what I'm talking about
 * Ricoh Caplio R6 compact digital
 * Canon A520 compact digital (most of the pictures here are from this camera)
 * Canon 50E SLR film
 * Minox 35 ML film (my favourite)
 * variety of Russian cameras (mainly since I like the mechanical workings of these cameras)

Some of my contributions to Wikipedia include:

title: User:Bpa


text:
User talk:DrWakk

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia.

title: User talk:DrWakk