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American Nutrition Association

The American Nutrition Association (ANA) is a 501(c)(3) charitable non-profit organization established to encourage the scientific investigation of nutrition and metabolism. The ANA publishes the Journal of the American Nutrition Association and hosts scientific conferences in the U.S. and in Europe. It is headquartered in Hinsdale, Illinois.

Previously known as the American College of Nutrition, in 2019 together with the Board for Certification of Nutrition Specialists, the Center for Nutrition Advocacy, and the American Nutrition Association Foundation, affiliated together as the American Nutrition Association. The four organizations remain legally independent entities but share a single website together.

History
The American College of Nutrition was founded in 1959 with the stated purpose of enhancing nutrition and metabolism knowledge among physicians and professionals from all disciplines with a common interest in nutrition, and to promote the application of such knowledge to the maintenance of health and treatment of disease.

Merge proposal
In October 2010, the American College of Nutrition and American Society for Nutrition proposed to merge.

Structure
The ANA is governed by a member-elected Board of Directors and the current CEO of ANA is Michael Stroka. The organization also has several advisory components which include a Scientific Advisory Board, Strategic Advisory Board, Ketogenic Nutrition Training Program Development Team, and a Nutritional Genomics Advisory Panel.

European Chapter
The European chapter of the American Nutrition Association was established in 2001. In 2011 the ANA said that its European chapter had hosted eight scientific conferences.

Membership
Members of the American Nutrition Association are clinicians, researchers and academicians, medical students, and international nutritionists. Categories of membership include Professional Member, Student Member, Professional Associate, and Nutrition Enthusiast.

Publications
The Journal of the American Nutrition Association (JANA) is a peer-reviewed journal published eight times a year by ANA. It has an impact factor of 3.571 as of 2021. The JANA includes:
 * Original and innovative research in nutrition with useful application for researchers, physicians, and other healthcare professionals
 * Critical reviews on pertinent nutrition topics that highlight key teaching points and relevance to nutrition
 * Letters to the editors and commentaries on important issues in the field of nutrition
 * Abstracts on nutritional topics with editorial comments
 * Book reviews
 * Abstracts from the annual meeting of the American Nutrition Association (in the October issue)

The JANA is abstracted or indexed in Current Contents, Index Medicus, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, SciSearch, Research Alert, Chemical Abstracts, CAB International and BIOSIS.

Taylor Wallace was on the editorial board

Failure to disclose ties
According to the Integrity in Science project, the Journal of the American College of Nutrition, now the Journal of the American Nutrition Association, failed to disclose the ties of the editor and authors of their June 2006 supplement on sodium to the food industry. The Editor in Chief subsequently published a letter in the journal noting the ambiguity in the conflict of interest disclosure process then in place and a new documentation procedure was put in place to remedy this.

Annual Nutrition Science Conferences
Through 2021 the organization had held 62 annual scientific conferences.

Corporate funding
The organization accepted funding from for-profit corporations until 2011. In 2011 the policy was updated:

"The American College of Nutrition accepts no funding from for-profit corporations. This policy fosters our mission and our ability to advance unbiased science without compromise."

title: American Nutrition Association


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Talk:Asda (disambiguation)

Information to assist in article creation
Items 1, 2 and 3 Courtland 09:42, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Asda Property Holdings — http://www.asda.net/
 * 2) Accelerate-Stop Distance Available — http://www.tc.gc.ca/civilaviation/general/flttrain/planes/Pubs/TP11575/Definitions.htm
 * 3) Accountable supply distribution activity — http://www.armedforces.net/Detailed/2645.html

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Asda (disambiguation)


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Cladogelonium

Cladogelonium is a monotypic plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1939.

The only known species is the shrub Cladogelonium madagascariense. It is found in the Analamerana Special Reserve in northern Madagascar.

title: Cladogelonium


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Antanas Baranauskas

Antanas Baranauskas (Antonius Baranovski, Antoni Baranowski; 17 January 1835 – 26 November 1902) was a Lithuanian poet, mathematician and Catholic bishop of Sejny. Baranauskas is best known as the author of the Lithuanian poem Anykščių šilelis. He used various pseudonyms, including A.B., Bangputys, Jurksztas Smalaūsis, Jurkštas Smalaūsis, and Baronas. He also wrote poetry in Polish.

Early years
Baranauskas was born to a small farmer family of Lithuanian nobility origin. Early in his youth, his parents sent him to a local parochial school. After finishing his studies there, Baranauskas initially remained in the parish. As described in his diary, between the years 1841 and 1843 he learned the Polish language and between 1848 and 1851 Russian. His first attempts to write poetry and rhyme in Lithuanian are to be found in his diaries. Later he attended a bi-yearly school for communal writers in Rumšiškės. There he started writing his first poems in Polish.

Adulthood
In 1853, he finished school and started working as a writer and chancellor in various towns. During this period he began a relationship with the Samogitian poet Karolina Proniewska (Karolina Praniauskaitė) and her family. The two shared a passion for the poetry of Adam Mickiewicz. Praniauskaitė suggested that Baranauskas should try to write more in Lithuanian. In 1856, Karolina's family tried to separate the couple by sponsoring Baranauskas' entry into the Catholic Seminary of Varniai. While studying there, he began to concentrate on the development of the written Lithuanian language, and wrote a commentary on Lithuanian and Samogitian dialects Apie lietuvių ir žemaičių kalbą. It was the first scholarly attempt to distinguish these different Lithuanian dialects.

While in the seminary, Baranauskas started writing poems in Lithuanian, and from that time essentially wrote in that language. One of his earlier works written under the influence of Mickiewicz was Anykščių šilelis (The Forest/Pinewood of Anykščiai). It is considered a classic work of Lithuanian literature. Literature critics consider it as a symbolic reference to Lithuanian history and language. While some critics contend that Baranauskas wrote the poem in anger, in response to an assertion by his lector Alexander Gabszewicz that the Lithuanian language was not beautiful enough to write poems in, others dispute this as a misinterpretation. The poem was first published in 1861, and again in 1862 in Laurynas Ivinskis' calendars.

From 1858 to 1862, Barnauskas studied at the Saint Petersburg Roman Catholic Theological Academy, receiving a master's degree in theology. Between 1863 and 1864, he studied at Munich's, Rome's, Innsbruck's and Louvain's Catholic universities.

Starting in 1871, he worked at the Kaunas Priest Seminary, and began teaching the Lithuanian language. He authored a grammar textbook in Lithuanian, Mokslas lietuviškosios kalbos. After Baranauskas went to Sejny, he gained a considerable reputation by being able to preach in both Polish and Lithuanian. By 1880, after he realized that the ban of printing in the Lithuanian language would not be lifted, in spite of several unofficial promises by Tsarist authorities to do so, his desire to promote the Lithuanian language slowly declined. He never ceased to believe, that Lithuanian should be developed and expanded and until his death worked on a translation of the Bible into Lithuanian, and working 10–12 hours a day, succeeded to translate three fifths of the Old Testament.

In his later years, Antanas Baranauskas, enjoyed some of the comforts of life. His beliefs were similar to the later Krajowcy group. Therefore, for the rest of his life he tried to reconcile nationalists from both - Lithuanian and Polish - sides. For that he was rather unpopular amongst the nationalists in both sides.

Most of the Lithuanians did not attend his burial, considering him a traitor of the national revival movement, mostly Russian officials and Poles attended it. It was a completely different story when a monument for him was built in Sejny. Only Lithuanians attended the event, and even then paint was spilt on the monument the following night.

Legacy
Before Baranauskas, the main "respectable" language in the area was considered to be Polish, so Baranauskas was one of the few primary individuals responsible for re-legitimizing the Lithuanian language, and by extension, Lithuanian culture. Referring to Baranauskas in a lecture, the early 20th century Lithuanian poet Maironis once said, "Without him, there might not be us".

Baranauskas's home is preserved in the Anykščiai Regional Park.

title: Antanas Baranauskas


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Demeter International

The Biodynamic Federation Demeter International is the largest certification organization for biodynamic agriculture Its name is a reference to Demeter, the Greek goddess of grain and fertility. It is a non-profit umbrella organisation with 46 members organisations in 36 countries, and over participating 6,500 farmers around the world, representing both the global biodynamic movement and the Demeter certified biodynamic farms. The organization incorporates 19 certifying Demeter organizations, and the rest of the certification is done by the international certification committee.

The Demeter Biodynamic Certification is used in over 65 countries to verify that biodynamic products meet international standards in production and processing.

The Demeter symbol was introduced and registered as a trademark in 1928, and as such was the first ecological label for organically produced foods.

Description
Certification is difficult to come by and must be renewed annually. Demeter’s “biodynamic” certification requires biodiversity and ecosystem preservation, soil husbandry, livestock integration, prohibition of genetically engineered organisms and viewing the farm as a living “holistic organism”. The certification verifies the fulfillment of the standards on behalf of the farmers, which in turn guarantees high quality food products to the consumers. This is rewarded by receiving a higher price for food certified with the “Demeter” label, ranging from 10-30% on average.

History
In 1924, Austrian philosopher Rudolph Steiner delivered a series of agricultural lectures, laying the groundwork for biodynamics, a farming method intertwined with his anthroposophist movement. Despite his humanist and universalist ideals, Steiner's writings attracted controversy. The Biodynamic Federation created in Berlin as a German agricultural cooperative, was originally named Demeter International and emerged in 1927 for the processing of products for biodynamic agriculture. In 1928 the trademark Demeter was registered.

Demeter was administered by the German agronomist Erhard Bartsch who also directed the Experimental Circle of anthroposophical (biodynamic) farmers, and had chosen the name Demeter, jointly with the German chemist Franz Dreidax. Dreidax was responsible for the development of the Demeter brand and quality control.

During the 1930s, Steiner's biodynamic farming found favor with the emerging Nazi party, which endorsed its anti-materialistic principles. Collaborating with the Nazi regime, Demeter aligned with Nazi ideals, though some officials like Reinhard Heydrich (the founding head of the Nazi Security Service (SS)) viewed Steiner's anthroposophist philosophy with suspicion. With the assistance of the SS, the Nazis established biodynamic agricultural plantations at concentration camps like Dachau and Ravensbrück, exploiting prisoners for labor.

The Demeter name was adopted internationally. In Australia, two members of the Experimental Circle, Ernesto Genoni and Ileen Macpherson founded Demeter Biological Farm in Melbourne in 1934 and operated it as a biodynamic farm for two decades (until 1954).

In 1935, Heydrich dissolved the Anthroposophical Society in Germany and went on to officially ban Demeter across the Third Reich by 1941. The ban on Demeter was precipitated by deputy führer Rudolf Hess's fall from favor and subsequent arrest for his support of biodynamics. Leveraging the arrest, Hendrich's ban removed the previous political protection Demeter and other similar bodies had received, and resulted in biodynamics being officially opposed by the regime. Despite this, the Nazi's continued to operate the plantations at Dachau and Ravensbrück.

Demeter Deutschland
Demeter Deutschland e.V. (Demeter Germany) is the biggest and most important national Demeter organization. Demeter is well established in the origin country, were Rudolf Steiner spread his esoteric ideas about agriculture at the beginning of the 20th century.

Demeter Deutschland is working as a certifier for "biodynamic" producation of food within Germany. Head of the association is Alexander Gerber und Johannes Kamps-Bender. Main competitor in Germany are Bioland and Naturland certifier associations. Demeter has a strong connection to "Alnatura" Bio-discounter-chain, which are also anthroprosophic.

Biofach
Each year the Demeter Association hosts an international fair known as Biofach. The event is considered the world's leading trade fair for organic food, and provides the location at which the Biofach Congress also meet together.

title: Demeter International


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User:Dwaipayanc

Leave me a message | Send me an e-mail.

 * featured article nomination (updated up to November 2014)
 * Barnstars (updated up to 8 May 2012)
 * misc (mostly not updated after 2008)

title: User:Dwaipayanc


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fernanda Abreu

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:41, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Fernanda Abreu
She used to sing in a band and is now solo. I could find no evidence of meeting WP:MUSIC, however (I did find some googles in Spanish but I can't read that). Notable or not able? Radiant_ >|< 09:47, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I thought my Spanish was going to come in handy here, but she appears to be a Brazilian artist; those Google hits are Portuguese. Punting this one to a Portuguese speaker. Fernando Rizo T/C 10:09, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Doesn't seam to be an hoax. links and  give a short bio of an rather unimportant but existing singer of group for children. -Mariano 14:10, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete There are many "unimportant but existing singer[s] of group for children". Admirable, but not notable enough for a wikipedia article. The article is far too vague anyway. The JPS 15:23, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, existence is not notability. Zoe 19:14, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong and speedy keep -- googling returns 32,000 hits which mostly seem pertinent, and she has three seven CDs at Amazon.com -- honestly guys, did you search at all here? JDoorjam 21:39, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Allmusic.com has an article on cliaming she is a popular funk singer in Brazil see. The number of Google hits appears to bear this out. Capitalistroadster 00:54, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment: I will change my vote if this additional research is added to the article. Zoe 04:22, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep in light of recent evidence. I would like the closing admin to add this info if no one else does. - Mgm|(talk) 10:12, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * I nominate Speedy Keep; lets remove this from VfD. Dottore So 17:48, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I disagree. The article as it now stands does not allege notability, and people who claim she is notable can't be bothered to change the article to make her notable.  My vote still stands.  Zoe 22:04, August 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Talk:Devil's Beef Tub

Scott quote
Did Scott write "d____d, deep" or "damned, deep". This article should accurately quote whatever he actually wrote. Google is inconsistent: see http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=en&q=%2BScott+%2B%22deep%2C+black%2C+blackguard-looking%22&btnG=Google+Search&meta= -- SGBailey 09:48, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * According to Project Gutenberg (etext here), Scott actually wrote "d--d deep, black," etc. So the article as it stands seems to be correct. —Ryan McDaniel 23:47, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

Metric system
UK using meters for high not feet, thus meters should come first. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.142.68.62 (talk) 03:56, 11 November 2011 (UTC)

Devil's Beef Tub
The Scots Dialect Dictionary, first published 1911 by Chambers and compiled by the lexicographer Alexander Warrack, gives the following; “deil’s beef-tub n a roaring linn”. This is somewhat at odds with the present accepted definition of a containment area for stolen cattle. In the eighteenth and nineteenth century the local town of Moffat was famed for its sulphur baths. The sulphurous water emanated out of the ground at the Moffat Well adjacent to the Devil’s Beef Tub. This was then transported to the town bath house where its efficacious properties were enjoyed by the public. It would appear that beef-tub is a corruption of bathtub.--Tom Mackeyboard (talk) 13:33, 4 October 2020 (UTC)

The Scots Dialect Dictionary compiled by Alexander Warrack MA originally printed 1911 published by Chambers reprinted by Waverley Books 2000 ISBN 1902407 091 A note on Alexander Warracks contribution to Scots lexicography written by Roger Machin https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/267840889.pdf

title: Talk:Devil's Beef Tub


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Talk:Extra (gum)

sounds like an ad. --213.66.39.36 09:48, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Actually, it is copied verbatim from the external page it refers to (and then changed just a little). 129.241.131.216 19:03, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

I believe I've had Blueberry and Lemon Extra gums before in Taiwan. Would these count as "flavors" as they're slightly limited to areas? Hurrah 16:02, 1 August 2006 (UTC) children love eating extra chewing

The line that reads "There is also a melon flavour which is only available in 46 piece packages" should be corrected. I have purchased this flavour in a 46-piece pack but also in smaller blister packs. Chibified Eyes (talk) 08:57, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

UK: Sugar Free
"the sugar free version has been discontinued since 2007". Is this referring just to the 'Fire' version, or all versions in the UK? Because I'm in the UK and I have a few packs of Extra Spearmint and Extra Peppermint sitting in front of me, and they're all "sugar free". Zestos (talk) 20:47, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

Extra chocolate mint
Can’t find this flavor anymore. Sandyallen1323@yahoo.com 2600:1005:B02B:D733:4C57:5368:D655:BE73 (talk) 12:23, 26 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Extra (gum)


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File:Elvis Costello - When I Was Cruel.jpg

Summary
Cover to When I Was Cruel by Elvis Costello


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Oxford Playhouse

Oxford Playhouse is a theatre designed by Edward Maufe and F.G.M. Chancellor. It is situated in Beaumont Street, Oxford, opposite the Ashmolean Museum.

History
The Playhouse was founded as The Red Barn at 12 Woodstock Road, North Oxford, in 1923 by J.B. Fagan. The early history of the theatre is documented by the theatre director, Norman Marshall in his 1947 book, The Other Theatre. Don Chapman also provided a comprehensive study of the theatre in the 2008 book, Oxford Playhouse: High and Low Drama in a University City.

The exterior design of the theatre building on the south side of Beaumont Street was by Sir Edward Maufe, with the interior design by F.G.M. Chancellor; the building was completed in 1938. It is faced with stone, in keeping with the early 19th century Regency buildings in the street.

Actors who have appeared on the stage at the Playhouse include Rowan Atkinson, Ronnie Barker, Dirk Bogarde, Judi Dench, John Gielgud, Ian McDiarmid, Ian McKellen, Dudley Moore, Bill Hicks, and Maggie Smith. Susannah York gave her final stage performance there in August 2010, in Ronald Harwood's Quartet. The journalist and writer Christopher Hitchens worked as a stagehand at the Playhouse during his time as an undergraduate at Balliol College, Oxford.

The Oxford Playhouse was the base from which Prospect Theatre Company was created by manager Elizabeth Sweeting and resident stage manager Iain Mackintosh in 1961. Between 1963 and 1976, the Prospect Theatre Company toured 75 productions to 125 theatres in 21 countries.

The Greek theatre director Minos Volanakis was an associate director at the Playhouse; his productions included Jean Genet's The Maids (1963–4) and The Balcony (1967), and Jean Giraudoux's Madwoman of Chaillot.

Present
A charitable trust runs the Playhouse as a theatre for the local community, through a professional management and direction team. The freehold of the building is owned by St John's College. The theatre was closed for some years for lack of funding, but is now refurbished with a 663-seat capacity in the main auditorium.

Burton Taylor Studio
Oxford Playhouse has close relations with the University of Oxford and is the home stage of the Oxford University Dramatic Society. On behalf of the university the Playhouse also manages the nearby Burton Taylor Studio, named in honour of Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor. "The BT" is a 50-seat studio theatre in Gloucester Street, close to the Oxford Playhouse. It originated in 1966, when Richard Burton donated money towards the creation of a rehearsal space, also occasionally used for performance, named the Burton Rooms.

A couple of decades later, students from the Oxford University Dramatic Society (OUDS) established the current tradition of the venue as a home for regular student productions. The Burton Taylor Studio programmes a mix of student and professional productions throughout the year.

title: Oxford Playhouse


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Jim Dunbar

Jim Dunbar (October 9, 1929 – April 22, 2019) was an American radio program director, talk show host and news anchor. Dunbar was associated with KGO Radio in San Francisco for 37 years. According to radio historian Ben Fong-Torres, "He changed the Bay Area radio landscape by helping turn KGO from an also-ran into the greatest powerhouse on the dial, with a 30-year run at the top of the ratings."

Career
Born in Dearborn, Michigan, Dunbar was a graduate of the Fordson High School class of 1947, and then attended Michigan State University, where he worked at the campus radio station as a play-by-play announcer for basketball games. He then served in the Army for two years, working at the radio station for Fort Riley, Kansas.

He later worked as a rock DJ at WXYZ in Detroit, WDSU in New Orleans (where he was also station manager), and WLS (AM) in Chicago before moving west to work for KGO in 1963. Dunbar worked at ABC-owned-and-operated KGO for the next 37 years, retiring in 2000. In addition to his radio work, he also hosted the popular AM San Francisco morning talk program on KGO-TV (Channel 7) for many years beginning in 1965.

In 1969 a man called San Francisco police, identifying himself as the serial killer known as The Zodiac, and agreed to call Dunbar during AM San Francisco's live broadcast if either attorney Melvin Belli or attorney F. Lee Bailey were present on air. The police contacted Belli and Dunbar to arrange this in the hopes of capturing the individual. The suspect called as promised, spoke a few words, and then hung up, repeating this activity 54 times over the next two hours. The caller was later identified as a mental patient named Eric Weill, who called from Napa State Hospital. Police quickly ruled Weill out as the Zodiac. However, Belli received a letter from the actual Zodiac later that same year.

In 1973 a gunman entered the KGO studio and fired at Dunbar while he was on the air; bulletproof glass stopped the bullet, but the gunman killed a station employee and then himself.

Honors
He was elected to the National Radio Hall of Fame in 1999, and to the Bay Area Radio Hall of Fame (Class 2006) in 2006 as a member of the first class to be inducted.

Personal life
Dunbar was married to Beth Monroe, whom he met in New Orleans; they had a son and a daughter.

Portrayals
Dunbar is portrayed by actor Tom Verica in the 2007 film Zodiac, in a scene recreating the call to AM San Francisco by the person claiming to be the Zodiac Killer.

title: Jim Dunbar


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Johnathan Wendel

Johnathan Wendel (born February 26, 1981), also known as Fatal1ty (pronounced "Fatality"), is an American entrepreneur and former professional esports player. He made his professional debut at a 1999 Cyberathlete Professional League (CPL) tournament, securing third place and $4,000. Wendel continued to compete in CPL events, claiming multiple championships and accumulating $110,000 in prize money. His success soared in subsequent years. Wendel won the CPL World Championship for Aliens vs. Predator 2 in 2001. He became a world champion in Unreal Tournament 2003 after winning the 2002 CPL Winter event. Wendel's achievements extended to Doom 3, where he became the inaugural champion at QuakeCon 2004. In 2005, he won his fifth world title in as many video game titles, after winning the CPL World title in Painkiller, securing an unprecedented $150,000 prize. By the end of his playing career, he had amassed an esports record of $450,000 in prize winnings.

Although Wendel retired from professional play in 2006, he maintained involvement in the esports scene, making appearances at events and participating in exhibition matches. Wendel's contributions garnered widespread recognition, earning him accolades such as Lifetime Achievement Awards from the Leipzig Games Convention and the Esports Awards. He has also been inducted into the International Video Game Hall of Fame and the ESL Esports Hall of Fame.

Playing career
From a young age, Wendel immersed himself in first-person shooters (FPS), such as Doom, in the early 1990s. After finishing his regular sports activities in high school during the day, he would spend hours playing Quake online at night. Additionally, he participated in Quake sessions at LAN parties and local tournaments in the Midwest. It was during this time that he became acquainted with another player named Eric "Batch" Paik, and they began meeting up every weekend to play Quake. On one occasion, Wendel achieved a defeated Paik in nine or ten consecutive matches. Paik, who had recently returned from a successful tournament in London, suggested to Wendel that he should consider competing in larger-scale tournaments. Once Wendel completed high school, he resided with his father while simultaneously attending computer classes and working part-time. However, he aspired to become a professional video game player, so he struck a deal with his father — if he failed to earn any money in his first major tournament, he would return to school.

Wendel began his professional gaming career with the first-person shooter game, Quake III Arena. In October 1999, at the age of 18, he invested $500 to participate in a Cyberathlete Professional League (CPL) tournament held in Dallas, Texas. At the event, he finished in third, winning a prize of $4,000. The following year, in 2000, he travelled to Sweden, where he competed in his first international tournament. He finished the tournament undefeated, with a record of 18 wins and zero losses. Throughout 2000, Wendel showcased his prowess in various prominent CPL events across Europe, Asia, and the United States, culminating in a triumph at the 2000 World Cyber Games in Seoul. In Quake III tournaments, he amassed a total of $110,000 in prize winnings. Wendel secured an additional of $25,000 from corporate sponsorships and endorsements, with support from companies such as Razer.

In 2001, Wendel secured a victory in the 2001 CPL World Championship for the game Aliens vs. Predator 2. As a result, he was awarded a custom-painted Ford Focus and $40,000. However, Wendel experienced a setback when he failed to qualify for the 2002 World Cyber Games, prompting him to shift his focus to a different game: Unreal Tournament 2003. He participated in the 2002 CPL Winter event held in Dallas, where he emerged as the champion, claiming the $10,000 grand prize. Another achievement in his career came in 2004 when he became the first-ever Doom 3 champion at QuakeCon 2004, securing a grand prize of $25,000. These victories solidified his position as one of the prominent figures in the esports industry during that era.

In 2005, Wendel made a transition to playing Painkiller for the 2005 CPL World Tour, a year-long tournament series that spanned across four continents and culminated in December at the Nokia Theater in Times Square, New York. In the grand finals event, which was in a double-elimination tournament format, Wendel advanced to the finals after dropping to the lower bracket. There, he faced Sander "Vo0" Kaasjager, the top-ranked Painkiller player in the world. To secure victory in the tournament, Wendel had to win two best-of-three matches, since he had already lost once in the tournament. Wendel emerged triumphant by winning four consecutive games, claiming the first-place position and an unprecedented esports cash prize of $150,000. This victory marked his fifth world title, each achieved in a different FPS game

In 2006, Wendel shifted his focus to Quake IV. Competing in the World Series of Video Games (WSVG) Finals, which adopted a double-elimination tournament structure, Wendel advanced through the lower bracket to reach the finals. His opponent in the finals was Johan "Toxjq" Quick, who boasted an undefeated record in best-of-three series. Wendel became the first player to defeat Quick by winning the first match. However, Quick emerged victorious in the second match, resulting in Wendel securing the second-place position in the event. Following the WSVG Finals, Wendel made the decision to retire from professional play due to the decline of his preferred genre in gaming.

While he retired from competitive play after 2006, Wendel continued to make appearances in various events. These included an exhibition match in 2007, participation in a Guinness World Record event in 2008/09, and a show match in Taiwan in 2012.

Legacy
Throughout his career, Wendel amassed a record of $450,000 in prize winnings from seven different games, establishing a milestone in esports. This record remained unbroken for over six years following his retirement until it was surpassed by Lee "Jaedong" Jae-dong, a prominent StarCraft player, towards the end of 2013.

Recognizing his significant contributions to the world of esports, Wendel was honored with the first-ever Lifetime Achievement Award at the Leipzig Games Convention in Leipzig, Germany, in August 2007. This accolade acknowledged his exceptional sportsmanship, influential role in shaping the landscape of esports, and his international recognition as a figurehead for esports. In August 2010, Wendel was inducted into the International Video Game Hall of Fame as one of the inaugural enshrinees. Wendel's contributions were further celebrated when he was inducted into the ESL Esports Hall of Fame in November 2018. In October 2020, Wendel's enduring impact on esports was once again acknowledged with a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Esports Awards.

Personal life
Wendel was born on February 26, 1981, in Kansas City, Missouri, to parents James and Judy Wendel. His upbringing took place in Kansas City, where his parents worked in auto factories, and his father also managed a pool hall. At the age of 13, Wendel experienced his parents' divorce. During his high school years, he actively participated in the school's tennis team.

In 2006, Wendel relocated to Las Vegas, Nevada, and resided on the Las Vegas Strip as of 2014.

Media appearances
In 2003, Jonathan Wendel gained significant exposure in mainstream media through his appearance in MTV documentary MTV True Life: I'm a Gamer. The documentary chronicled Wendel's journey as he transitioned into playing Unreal Tournament 2003 and achieved victory at the 2002 CPL Winter tournament in Dallas. Wendel acknowledged the profound impact of the MTV show on his career, recognizing its ability to provide him ongoing exposure and media attention. He remarked, "For nine years MTV was re-airing my show. I constantly get exposure, media. You can't even pay for that. You'd pay millions to get that kind of advertisement for your company. I'm getting that for free every day." In January 2006, Wendel was featured on the news program 60 Minutes, which delved into his professional gaming career and the global explosion of esports.

Business ventures
In 2002, Wendel established his own company, Fatal1ty Inc., with the intention of reducing reliance on sponsorships to support his competitive gaming endeavors. Shortly after its inception, he generated $50,000 in sales by selling mousepads. By 2007, Wendel had forged partnerships with gaming product manufacturers such as Creative Labs, XFX, Universal Abit and Zalman, who incorporated his branding into their products. According to Wendel, the company reported royalties of approximately $5million for the year 2006. Notably, his collaboration with Creative in 2006 introduced the Fatal1ty Gaming Headset, the first headset to feature a removable microphone—a design innovation that has since become a standard feature in gaming headsets.

In 2017, Wendel co-founded ReadyUp, a comprehensive esports team management service aimed at both amateur and professional teams. In 2023, he joined the advisory board of Glytch, a company specializing in esports and gaming venues.

title: Johnathan Wendel


text:
1797 State of the Union Address

John Adams' First State of the Union Address was delivered on Wednesday, November 22, 1797, in the Congress Hall of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. At the time of the address, sickness was spreading through Philadelphia and Adams notes in his introduction that he was tempted to relocate the assembly of the national legislature but avoided this due to inevitable expense and general inconvenience.

French aggression
Adams began his State of the Union Address by expressing concern over European, most notably French, aggression towards American merchant vessels. He emphasizes the importance of America's growing role in international commerce, citing accomplishments in agriculture and commercial fishing. In July and August 1797 delegates traveled to the Batavian Republic and then to France. They arrived in Paris on September 19 and began negotiations in the hope of pacifying Franco-American relations. At the time the speech was delivered, the status of the meetings in France were unknown, but Adams knew and stated in the speech that war, with France or possibly other European countries, for example Great Britain, was becoming an increasingly likely turn of events. The Federalist Party advocated going to war, but Adams ignored Francophobia and avoided going to war with France until 1798 in the Quasi-War. The U.S. later went to war with Britain in the War of 1812, partly due to Jefferson's refusal to pay tribute to a foreign nation.

Colonial competition and intimidation of the U.S.
Piracy of American ships in international waters by the French was a microcosm of French and British colonial competition; specifically, French aggression was a reaction to the Jay Treaty, which they perceived was an Anglo-American alliance, and the belief that tribute could be collected from the infantile republic by exerting sufficient military pressure.

Adams' assertion that "respect to treaties has been so diminished" is a reference to the violation of the Treaty of Alliance by the French through piracy and the violation of Pinckney's Treaty by the Spanish through illegal garrisons in the western U.S. frontiers.

The Jay Treaty, Pinckney's Treaty, the Treaty of Tripoli, also negotiated by Thomas Pinckney, the Treaty with Tunis, and France's attempt at forming a similar treaty with the U.S. in March 1797, the infamous XYZ Affair, were attempts by foreign powers to extort money and power from the U.S. government while limiting the influence other world powers had on the emerging nation. Although these treaties were highly unfavorable to the U.S., the policy of appeasement carried out during the Washington and Adams administrations was necessary to provide time for the U.S. to build up its navy and militia.

Foreign intervention in domestic affairs of the U.S. was not limited to abuses in the water. Adams condemned ventures by foreign agents, such as those of Spain, who tried to incite an insurgency among Native Americans.

Adams expresses hope that the as yet unfulfilled obligations of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce (1797), surveying the St. Croix River between Maine and New Brunswick and paying debts American citizens owed to British subjects prior to the American Revolutionary War, due to various unstated causes, and the unfulfilled obligations of the Spanish regarding compensation for American ships stolen or destroyed in recent Franco-Spanish hostilities, will continue without offending citizens of any country.

He deplores the impressing of American soldiers by French and Spanish forces and criticizes the legal framework concerning the proper reaction to such action; how to guarantee the safe return of captured seamen from foreign territories, and the inability of consuls to "demand an inspection of the registers and sea letters."

National debt
Adams directly addresses the House of Representatives in regard to the national debt and taxes which had to be raised in order to fund a larger, more mobile Army. He warns against loans as he believed that they had contributed to the vast debt and economic collapse of historical empires. He ends his address by reiterating his general theme of the necessity to militarize to adequately defend against foreign imperialism.

title: 1797 State of the Union Address


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gnitch:gnitch

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:46, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Gnitch:gnitch
Two-piece experimental band from Australia. Fails WP:MUSIC. Radiant_ >|< 09:50, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity and publicity. The JPS 15:24, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. So far, this band has released one album called Ahola Aloha Loaha with 100 copies made. On the other hand, they have played live gigs around Australia and have attracted some interest in the underground media see snd Music Australia has them listed. . They don't meet WP:Music as yet as far as I can tell but they might in the future. Capitalistroadster 18:31, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete:delete. NNBV. JDoorjam 22:21, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Joannesia

Joannesia is a genus of plants in the family Euphorbiaceae, first described as a genus in 1798. The entire genus is endemic to Brazil.

Etymology
Joannesia is a taxonomic patronym honoring the king John VI of Portugal.

The name Joannesia yielded a taxonomic anagram for the confamilial genus Annesijoa.

Systematics

 * Species
 * 1) Joannesia heveoides Ducke - Amazonas State in Brazil
 * 2) Joannesia princeps Vell. - eastern Brazil (Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro)

In 1807, Persoon used the same name, Joannesia, to a very different plant. He thus created an illegitimate homonym, contrary to the rules of nomenclature. So the one species name that he had created in this illegitimate genus had to be renamed, as follows:
 * Species in homonymic genus
 * Joannesia insignis Pers. - Chuquiraga jussieui J.F.Gmel.

title: Joannesia


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Goodbye Cruel World

Goodbye Cruel World may refer to:

Music

 * Goodbye Cruel World (Elvis Costello album), an album by Elvis Costello and the Attractions
 * Goodbye Cruel World (Custard album), an album by Custard
 * Goodbye Cruel World, a 1999 album by Brutal Truth
 * "Goodbye Cruel World" (James Darren song), a song by James Darren
 * "Goodbye Cruel World" (Pink Floyd song), a song by Pink Floyd
 * "Goodbye Cruel World" (Shakespears Sister song), a song by Shakespears Sister

Other uses

 * Goodbye Cruel World (TV series), a 1992 British drama starring Sue Johnston and Alum Armstrong

title: Goodbye Cruel World


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Abbie Cornish

Abbie Cornish (born 7 August 1982) is an Australian actress. In film, Cornish is known for her roles as Heidi in Somersault (2004), Fanny Brawne in Bright Star (2009), Sweet Pea in Sucker Punch (2011), Lindy in Limitless (2011), Clara Murphy in RoboCop (2014), and Sarah in Geostorm (2017). She worked with writer/director Martin McDonagh in Seven Psychopaths (2012) and Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017). For the latter, Cornish won her first Screen Actors Guild Award as part of the cast. In 2018, she portrayed Cathy Mueller in the first season of Amazon Video series Jack Ryan opposite John Krasinski, a role she reprised in the fourth and final season in 2023. She also played Dixy in the film The Virtuoso (2021) alongside Anthony Hopkins.

Early life
Abbie Cornish was born on 7 August 1982 in Lochinvar, New South Wales, as the second of five children of Shelley and Barry Cornish. Her sister, Isabelle Cornish, is also an actress. She grew up on a 70 ha farm before moving to Newcastle. As a teenager, Cornish was fascinated by independent and foreign films.

Acting career
Cornish began modelling at age 13 after reaching the finals of a Dolly Magazine competition. In 1999, Cornish was awarded the Australian Film Institute Young Actor's Award for her role in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's television show Wildside and was offered her first role in a feature film, The Monkey's Mask.

From 2001 to 2003, Cornish played Penne in Life Support, a satirical, sometimes dark look at Australian life as seen through the omnipresent lens of a television lifestyle show.

In 2004, Cornish appeared in the award-winning short film Everything Goes with Hugo Weaving. She received the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, Best Actress at the FCCA and Inside Film Awards and Best Breakthrough Performance at the 2005 Miami International Film Festival for her role in Somersault. Cornish received critical acclaim for her role in Candy, opposite Heath Ledger. She has also starred in A Good Year, Elizabeth: The Golden Age and Kimberly Peirce's Stop-Loss. She garnered widespread acclaim for her starring performance as Fanny Brawne in Jane Campion's 2009 film about the Romantic poet John Keats, Bright Star. In April 2010, Cornish was cast in Limitless, the film adaptation of the novel The Dark Fields, directed by Neil Burger and also starring Bradley Cooper and Robert De Niro.

Cornish narrated Zack Snyder's film Sucker Punch, in which she played one of the protagonists.

Cornish played the role of Wally in Madonna's film W.E., about Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson. In 2012, she replaced Emily Blunt in the independent film The Girl, which premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival, and starred alongside Woody Harrelson and Colin Farrell in the crime comedy Seven Psychopaths. Cornish co-starred in the 2014 RoboCop reboot, as Clara Murphy, the wife of protagonist Alex Murphy (Joel Kinnaman).

In 2015, she played Agent Katherine Cowles in Solace, a mystery thriller film directed by Afonso Poyart with central performances by Anthony Hopkins, Colin Farrell, and Jeffrey Dean Morgan.

In 2016, she filmed The Girl Who Invented Kissing with Luke Wilson.

In 2017, she played Agent Sarah Wilson in the science fiction disaster film Geostorm, directed, co-written, and co-produced by Dean Devlin, also starring Gerard Butler, Jim Sturgess, Ed Harris, and Andy García.

In 2018, she starred in Tom Clancy's Jack Ryan as Cathy Mueller, alongside John Krasinski.

In 2019, she starred in the Australian television miniseries Secret Bridesmaids' Business along with Katie McGrath and Georgina Haig.

In 2021, she starred in Dakota with Tim Rozon, "Lola Sultan", Patrick Muldoon and William Baldwin for director Kirk Harris.

Music career
Cornish is a rapper, singer and songwriter. She has been rapping under the name MC Dusk since 2000 and was part of Australian hip hop group Blades from age 18 to 22. In 2015, Cornish supported American rapper Nas on his Australian tour. The same year, she released two new tracks on SoundCloud: "Evolve" featuring Jane Tyrrell and "Way Back Home", which was produced by Suffa from Hilltop Hoods. The songs were re-released in 2020, and her first EP, Key of the Sun, was released in 2021.

Discography

 * "Evolve" - Single, 2020
 * "Way Back Home" - Single, 2020
 * "MVP" - Single, 2020
 * "Zombies" - Single, 2020
 * Key of the Sun - EP, 2021
 * "I'll Be There For You" - Single, 2021

Activism
She is committed to cruelty-free eating, and in 2006, became an ambassador for Australian animal rights group Voiceless, the animal-protection institute, and was part of a national advertising campaign in 2012.

Personal life
Cornish dated actor Ryan Phillippe in 2006, shortly after his separation from actress Reese Witherspoon. They split in 2010.

In 2019, she announced her engagement to mixed martial artist Adel Altamimi.

Books

 * Pescan: A Feel Good Cookbook (2019, Abrams Books) ISBN 9781419734670

title: Abbie Cornish


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/GardenGuideWiki

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Paul August ☎ 18:12, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

GardenGuideWiki
A wiki about gardening. 32 googles. Radiant_ >|< 09:51, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and a substub at that. I doubt it's notable enough with 32 google hits, but don't we have a list of such wikis? - Mgm|(talk) 10:45, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per mgm. --Phroziac (talk) 00:53, August 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - not notable enough, yet; but if we do have such a list, put it on that. Rob Church Talk 00:54, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Hugh Willoughby

Sir Hugh Willoughby (fl. 1544; died 1554) was an English soldier and an early Arctic voyager. He served in the court of Henry VIII and fought in the Scottish campaign where he was knighted for his valour. In 1553, he was selected by a company of London merchants to lead a fleet of three vessels in search of a Northeast Passage.

Willoughby and the crews of two ships died on the voyage while the third vessel Edward Bonaventure, under the command of Richard Chancellor, who went on to open a successful, long-lasting trading arrangement with Russia.

Biography
Willoughby was the third and youngest son of Sir Henry Willoughby of Middleton, Derbyshire, a wealthy and influential gentleman who served in the courts of Richard III and Henry VII and was knighted by Henry VII following the Battle of Stoke Field in 1487.

Hugh Willoughby served various roles in the court of Henry VIII and then joined the military to serve as a captain in the Scottish campaign of 1544. He was knighted at Leith by Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, then Earl of Hertford. In February 1548 he was sent with Thomas Carlisle and 50 horsemen by Grey of Wilton to capture "Billie tower". He became commander of the fort on the site of Thirlestane Castle and served there until 1550, successfully withstanding a siege by the Scots and the French. In 1551 he was again campaigning in the border country and eastern marches. The downfall and execution of Somerset in 1552 affected Willoughby's standing and caused him to look for other opportunities.

In 1553 a company of London merchants and courtiers were financing a voyage of exploration and trade. Organized by Sebastian Cabot, they hoped to find a northeast sea route to the Far East. Initially called the Company of Merchant Adventurers to New Lands, the trade organization became better known as the Muscovy Company. Willoughby petitioned to lead this expedition and although he lacked significant maritime experience, he was selected based on his distinguished family and his "singular skill in the services of war."

Three new vessels were constructed specifically for the voyage; on one ship the keel was lined with lead in hopes of preventing attack by shipworms. The fleet was well-provisioned for a lengthy voyage and an experienced crew was selected. On 10 May 1553, Willoughby set sail on the Bona Esperanza as captain-general of the fleet with two other vessels, the Edward Bonaventura and the Bona Confidentia, under his command. His chief pilot, Richard Chancellor, sailed on the Edward, captained by Stephen Borough. They left London with great fanfare and travelled slowly down the Thames, pausing at Greenwich to fire an artillery salute for the young King Edward.

Disappearance
They were seriously delayed by unfavourable winds, only reaching the coast of Norway on 14 July, more than two months after leaving London. The ships were careful to stay together and agreed that if they were separated, they would rendezvous at Vardøhus Fortress, a small fortified outpost on the Norwegian island of Vardøya in the town of Vardø. On 30 July, they were beset by storms and "terrible whirlwinds" probably in the vicinity of the North Cape. Willoughby and one other ship, the Bona Confidentia, became separated from Chancellor on the Edward. The Edward sailed to Wardhouse as agreed and waited for seven days but the other two ships never appeared. Setting out again to resume their eastward journey, Chancellor found the entrance to the White Sea and moored at the mouth of the Dvina River near the convent of St. Nicholas at Nyonoksa from where the first Russian czar Ivan IV obtained salt for Russia. From there he was summoned to Moscow and Ivan the Terrible's Court, where he negotiated an agreement opening trade with Russia through the northern ports that lasted three hundred years.

Willoughby and his crew were never seen alive again, but the events following their separation can be pieced together from Willoughby's journal which was later recovered. The storm had blown them far from the coast and without any landmarks they became disoriented. Willoughby attempted to reach Wardhouse, but their maps were misleading, compass readings were unreliable, and the weather was too overcast to measure latitude. For two weeks the ships sailed eastward until they encountered an uninhabited shoreline that was teeming with ducks and other birds. It was likely a part of the south island of Novaya Zemlya which came to be known to the Russians as Gusinaya Zemlya (Goose Land). They turned back and headed west, coasting along Kolguev Island and just missing the entrance to the White Sea where Chancellor had already landed. As the weather became colder and sea ice began to form they decided to winter in a bay formed by the Varzina River on the coast of the Kola Peninsula. Searches were made in three directions, but no settlements were discovered.

Aftermath
No one survived the winter; the two ships with the bodies of the crews, including Willoughby and his journal, were found by Russian fishermen the following spring. For many years it was assumed that they died from some combination of starvation and bitter cold. More recently it has been suggested that the crew may have been killed by carbon monoxide poisoning, resulting from a decision to insulate their ship and block their stove chimney to fight the Arctic cold.

The discovery was quickly reported back to the tsar in Moscow who ordered the ships secured and transferred to the White Sea to await recovery by the English. It was not until 1556 that crews were sent to Russia to sail the ships back to London. It was claimed that Willoughby's body was put on board for transport home. After leaving St. Nicholas on 20 July 1556, the two ships made it as far as the west coast of Norway when they encountered a storm that sank them both. Willoughby's journal did make it back to England safely on another ship.

During the voyage, Willoughby thought he saw islands to the north. Based on his description, these were subsequently depicted on maps as Willoughby's Land and Macsinof or Matsyn Island.

In the 1590s, William Barents tried the same Northeast Passage, also became icebound near Novaya Zemlya, also died, but some of his crew returned home and Barents Sea was named for him.

title: Hugh Willoughby


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Leeuwenbergia

Leeuwenbergia is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1974 and named in honor of Toon Leeuwenberg. The entire genus is endemic to tropical west-central Africa.

 * Species
 * 1) Leeuwenbergia africana Letouzey & N.Hallé - Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
 * 2) Leeuwenbergia letestui Letouzey & N.Hallé - Gabon

title: Leeuwenbergia


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User:Grayum

Just another minor Wikipedian, doing a little editing here and there!

I do recommend listening to the Arcade Fire, but for now, thats it.

title: User:Grayum


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Candy (2006 film)

Candy is a 2006 Australian romantic drama film, adapted from Luke Davies's 1998 novel Candy: A Novel of Love and Addiction. Candy was directed by filmmaker Neil Armfield and stars Heath Ledger, Abbie Cornish and Geoffrey Rush.

Candy, produced by Margaret Fink, was released in Australia on 25 May 2006 and subsequently released worldwide.

Plot
There are three acts of roughly three scenes each, Heaven, Earth, and Hell.

Heaven
A poet named Dan and an art student named Candy fall passionately in love, as Candy gravitates to his bohemian lifestyle and love of heroin.

Frequently seeking drug money, they borrow from Candy's parents or eccentric university professor Casper, then turn to theft. When Candy sells her grandmother's ring, she has sex with a pawn shop owner for $50.

Earth
Dan and Candy marry and confront the realities of addiction and family life. Dan purchases the drugs while Candy prostitutes. While considering having sex with men in a park bathroom for money, Dan steals a credit card and scams the owner for his PIN, taking $7000.

Candy becomes pregnant, and despite a few days of tortuously "going clean", their baby is delivered stillborn at 23 weeks. They return to heroin, but stop again, enduring agonizing withdrawal symptoms in the process.

Despite poor living conditions, constant struggles for money, and frequent disputes, the pair remain in love.

Hell
Dan and Candy move to the country to "try methadone" as a way to ease into a more normal life and eventually quit drugs altogether. After a disastrous attempt to have Candy's parents over for Sunday lunch, Candy screams at her mother about how she is the cause for Candy to "never have been able to unclench [her] fists".

After Dan returns home one day from working as a bricklayer, he finds Candy smoking marijuana with a new man and watches as she later leaves to have sex with him. When she returns, she screams at Dan about how much she hates him and wants him to leave. He returns later to find the walls of every room of the house are covered with poems about Dan and Candy that she has written in smeared makeup.

Distressed, Dan seeks Casper again and takes heroin with him. Dan is informed the next morning of Candy's hospitalization back in Sydney, where he finds her in the aftermath of a nervous breakdown. Dan returns to Casper's only to find him dead of a heroin overdose. This forces Dan to reconsider his life.

While Candy recovers in a treatment clinic, Dan gets clean and finds a job washing dishes at a restaurant while still missing Candy. But when Candy finishes treatment and comes to the restaurant to finish off where they started, he cries and says "There's no going back. If you're given a reprieve, I think it's good to remember just how thin it is." She subsequently leaves.

Cast

 * Abbie Cornish as Candy
 * Heath Ledger as Dan
 * Geoffrey Rush as Casper
 * Tom Budge as Schumann
 * Roberto Meza Mont as Jorge
 * Tony Martin as Jim Wyatt
 * Noni Hazlehurst as Elaine Wyatt
 * Tim McKenzie as Uncle Rod
 * Tara Morice as Aunt Katherine
 * Maddi Newling as Janey
 * Cristian Castillo as Little Angelo
 * Paul Blackwell as Phillip Dudley
 * Adrienne Pickering as bank teller
 * Nathaniel Dean as Paul Hillman
 * Alicia Hannah as neighbour
 * Luke Davies as a milkman
 * Anni Finsterer as Crystal (uncredited)

Soundtrack
The film features a version of the Tim Buckley song "Song to the Siren", sung by actress/singer Paula Arundell. It also includes the track "Sugar Man" from the debut 1970 album by Detroit singer-songwriter Sixto Rodriguez.

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 47% with an average rating of 5.76/10, based on 76 reviews. The site's critics consensus reads: "Stars Heath Ledger and Abbie Cornish look better than they should as heroin addicts, and their characters are too absorbed and self-pitying to be totally compelling." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 57 out of 100, based on 24 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Festivals

 * 2006 – Germany – Berlin International Film Festival
 * 2006 – Hong Kong International Film Festival
 * 2006 – Canada – Toronto International Film Festival
 * 2006 – UK – BFI London Film Festival
 * 2006 – USA – Milwaukee International Film Festival
 * 2007 – Singapore – Singapore International Film Festival

Awards
Won: Nominated:
 * 2006 Australian Writers Guild Awards: Feature Film – Adaptation (Luke Davies with Neil Armfield).
 * 2006 Film Critics Circle of Australia: Best Actress in a Lead Role (Abbie Cornish), Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Geoffrey Rush).
 * 2006 Australian Screen Editors Ellie for Best Editing in a Feature Film Dany Cooper ASE
 * 2006 Berlin International Film Festival: Golden Berlin Bear.
 * 2006 Film Critics Circle of Australia: Best Actor in a Leading Role (Heath Ledger), Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Noni Hazlehurst), Best Film, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Music Score (Paul Charlier).
 * 2006 Australian Film Institute Awards: Best Film, Best Actress in a Leading Role (Abbie Cornish), Best Actor in a Leading Role (Heath Ledger), Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Geoffrey Rush), Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Noni Hazlehurst), Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Editing, Best Production Design.
 * 2006 Inside Film Awards: Best Actor (Heath Ledger), Best Actress (Abbie Cornish).

title: Candy (2006 film)


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Journal of Systematic Palaeontology

The Journal of Systematic Palaeontology (Print:, online: ) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of palaeontology published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the British Natural History Museum. , the editor-in-chief is Paul D. Taylor.

The journal covers papers on new or poorly known faunas and floras and new approaches to systematics. It was established in 2003. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 3.727, ranking it second out of 49 journals in the category 'Paleontology'.

title: Journal of Systematic Palaeontology


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Shogo Kubo

Shogo Kubo (September 19, 1959 – June 24, 2014) was a Japanese American skateboarding pioneer and one of the original members of the Z-Boys that formed in Venice, California in 1975.

Born in Kagoshima, Japan, Kubo began skateboarding when he was 6 years old.

When he moved to the United States, he took an interest in surfing. He became friends with Jay Adams after responding to a newspaper ad about a surfboard Adams was selling. Kubo used Adams's skateboard, which eventually led to his passion for skateboarding and his joining the Z-Boys. His style was widely respected by his peers. He influenced future pro-skateboarders such as Christian Hosoi and was featured in the Dogtown photos of Glen E. Friedman.

Shogo left the competitive scene in the 1980s, later moving to Hawaii where he got married and had two children. In the 2005 American biographical drama film Lords of Dogtown, Kubo was portrayed by pro skateboarder Don Nguyen. Kubo designed a sneaker for Nike in 2007, the Nike SB "Shogo" Blazers. Kubo had worn Nike Blazers while skateboarding since the 1970s.

Death
Kubo was found unresponsive while paddleboarding off Portlock Point in Hawaii Kai, Honolulu. He died of a brain aneurysm at age 54. He was survived by his wife, Michiyo; son, Shota; daughter, Meagan; brothers Yoshifumi and Shinya; and sister, Reiko Masuda.

title: Shogo Kubo


text:
Category:Mountains of Africa

The mountains in Africa

title: Category:Mountains of Africa


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User talk:Panzerleader

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Shimgray 09:59, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Edits
Talk:George W. Bush/Archive 26 is the location of the recent Rfc on the passages you are changing. If you wish to open a new Rfc on the issue you certainly can but the issues are all controversial and many felt that placing all the information you have in the article is unnecessary since their is a link to an entire article devoted to this subject area.--MONGO 05:24, August 24, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Panzerleader


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Ang Panday (1980 film)

Ang Panday (lit. 'The Blacksmith') is a 1980 Filipino action-fantasy film produced and directed by Fernando Poe Jr., who also stars as the titular character. It is based on the fictional comics character of the same name, created by Carlo J. Caparas and illustrated by Steve Gan.

The film was followed by three sequels, which also featuring Poe as Flavio, namely Pagbabalik ng Panday (1981), Ang Panday: Ikatlong Yugto (1982) and Ang Panday IV: Ika-Apat Na Aklat (1984). All four films were shown at the Metro Manila Film Festival in their respective years.

An animated TV series, dubbed as the first full-length Filipino animation series, was shown in RPN 9 during the mid-1980s. It was patterned after the storyline of the first movie.

Plot
Flavio (Fernando Poe, Jr.) is a "Panday" (or blacksmith) whose village and land are under the reign of the tyrant Lizardo (Max Alvarado). Flavio is forced to brand innocent children every night with Lizardo's mark by the head of Lizardo's men in the village, Pilo (Paquito Diaz).

One day, Flavio's predecessor as Panday, Tata Temyong (Lito Anzures) finds the legendary "Black Book" that supposedly tells how Lizardo can be defeated. Later that night a meteorite lands in a nearby field. Based on a prophecy in the Black Book, Flavio and Tata Temyong then use the meteorite and an old bell to create a magic dagger, the only weapon that can defeat Lizardo. After finishing the weapon Flavio hunts down Lizardo's men in the village, he brands them before setting off with Tata Temyong, his young apprentice Lando (Bentot Jr.), and Monica (Liz Alindogan), a woman he had saved from Lizardo's men, to free the land.

On their way to Lizardo, they come across a seaside hut that is home to one of Lizardo's henchmen, a wizard. Flavio defeats him, but soon afterward they are attacked by siyokoy (mermen) that are driven away when Flavio's dagger hums, and when Pilo arrives seeking revenge against Flavio, they attack him and his men instead. Later Flavio and his companions are attacked by zombies in a forest. Tata Temyong and Monica end up captured and brought to Lizardo's fortress by his men. Elsewhere Lando finds refuge in a hut haunted by an aswang, and after a chase, Flavio finds and defeats it with his dagger.

Lizardo later challenges Flavio to a duel, and brings Tata Temyong, Monica, and all his slaves to witness the battle. He first orders his men to attack Flavio, who, though vastly outnumbered, defeats them after his dagger transforms into a sword. Lizardo then faces Flavio himself, only to rapidly age every time Flavio hits him. Flavio ends the duel by stabbing Lizardo in the chest, who dies and fades away. With Lizardo defeated, Flavio leads his companions and the former slaves to freedom.

Cast and characters

 * Fernando Poe, Jr. as Flavio
 * Max Alvarado as Lizardo
 * Bentot Jr. as Lando
 * Liz Alindogan as Monica
 * Paquito Diaz as Pilo
 * Lito Anzures as Tata Temio
 * Victor Bravo
 * Max Laurel
 * Vic Varrion

Production
Shooting for the film was done in Paoay, Ilocos Norte.

Release
Ang Panday was released at the 6th Metro Manila Film Festival on December 25, 1980.

Restoration
The film was restored by FPJ Productions in 2014.

title: Ang Panday (1980 film)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Eat Fat Get Thin

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:43, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Eat Fat Get Thin

 * Delete. A joke most likely.Marskell 10:00, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete, surely?Grayum 10:04, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, complete nonsense. — J I P | Talk 10:10, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I've seen an article on a diet based on the film Supersize Me causing people to actually lose weight, but this is complete nonsense with a marketing title. - Mgm|(talk) 10:43, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy pointless article Tekana 11:26, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Comments only: all books printed are perhaps not notable to qualify for   encyclopedic entries.  I am not aware of the notability of this book or its writer. --Bhadani 14:21, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It appears, from a search, to be moderately well-known within its field. Weak Keep. Uncle G 10:22:29, 2005-08-24 (UTC)
 * Has anyone heard the theory that about half of published books in NA deal either with religion or dieting? This may be moderately well-known but I think we need a relatively high bar for diet books because a) its hard to distinguish them from ads b) the sheer volume of such material means notability is difficult to prove. Still delete tho the page looks better. Marskell 10:32, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * week keap. I'm hungry. - UtherSRG (talk) 18:47, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Takeuchi

Takeuchi (竹内; "within bamboo" or 武内; "warrior household") is a Japanese surname. It is common in west-central Japan, and is pronounced Takenouchi (Take-no-uchi) by some bearers. The family claims descent from the legendary hero-statesman Takenouchi-no-Sukune, himself supposedly a descendant of the mythical Emperor Kōgen and a counselor to several other emperors, including Emperor Ōjin (late 4th century). Other families such as the Soga clan also claim Takenouchi-no-Sukune as an ancestor. It can also be written as 竹野内.

The Takenouchi-ryū is a koryū tradition founded by Takenouchi Chūnagon Daijō Hisamori in 1532 and is still maintained today by his descendants.

People with the surname

 * Aina Takeuchi (竹内 愛奈), Japanese ice hockey player
 * Akari Takeuchi (竹内 朱莉), Japanese singer and member of girl group S/mileage
 * Akira Takeuchi (disambiguation), multiple people
 * Atsushi Takenouchi (竹之内 淳志), Japanese Butoh dancer
 * Aya Takeuchi (竹内 亜弥), Japanese rugby sevens player
 * Esther Sans Takeuchi, materials scientist
 * Gaisi Takeuti (竹内 外史), Japanese mathematician
 * Hiromi Takeuchi (竹内 洋美), Japanese speed skater
 * Hironori Takeuchi (竹内 浩典), Japanese racing driver
 * Hirotaka Takeuchi (竹内 弘高), Japanese professor and knowledge-management author
 * Junko Takeuchi (竹内 順子), Japanese voice actress
 * Kazuya Takeuchi (竹内 和也), Japanese water polo player
 * Marika Takeuchi (竹内 まりか), Japanese contemporary composer
 * Mariya Takeuchi (竹内 まりや), Japanese singer and songwriter
 * Minoru Takeuchi (竹内 実), Japanese volleyball player
 * Mio Takeuchi (竹内 実生), Japanese actress
 * Miyu Takeuchi (竹内 美宥), Japanese singer and K-pop idol
 * Motoaki Takenouchi (武内 基朗), Japanese video game composer
 * Naoko Takeuchi (武内 直子), Japanese manga artist
 * Riki Takeuchi (竹内 力), an actor in the Dead or Alive series of films
 * Ryūshin Takeuchi (竹内 龍臣), Japanese baseball player
 * Takeuchi Rizō (竹内 理三), Japanese historian
 * Shigeyo Takeuchi (竹内 茂代), Japanese physician
 * Shion Takeuchi (born 1988), American television writer and creator of the Netflix series Inside Job
 * Shunsuke Takeuchi (武内 駿輔), Japanese voice actor
 * Tokio Takeuchi (竹内 時男), Japanese physicist
 * Yugo Takeuchi (竹内 雄悟), Japanese shogi player
 * Yukio Takeuchi (竹内 行夫), Japanese Supreme Court justice
 * Yūko Takeuchi (竹内 結子), Japanese television actress
 * Yutaka Takenouchi (竹野内 豊), Japanese television actor
 * Takenouchi Tōjūrō Hisatake, 13th sōdenke of Takenouchi-ryū
 * Takenouchi Chūnagon Daijō Hisamori, founder of Takenouchi-ryū

Fictional characters

 * Sora Takenouchi, in the anime's Digimon Adventure and Digimon Adventure 02
 * Sora Takeuchi, in the manga and anime Air Gear
 * Momoko Takeuchi, in the manga Inubaka
 * Rio Takeuchi, a character in the anime Spiral
 * Takeuchi Tatsuru, (竹内多鹤) the heroine of the novel and TV drama Auntie Tatsuru (Chinese:小姨多鹤) by Chinese writer Yan Geling (Chinese:严歌苓)
 * Itsuki Takeuchi, a character in the manga and anime Initial D

title: Takeuchi


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hall Petch

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:57, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Hall Petch
The article is kind of messy, but it appears to be a summary of the research paper of two people about material slippage. WP:NOR comes to mind. Also, the article claims to be copyrighted, which is kind of odd. Radiant_ >|< 10:01, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Most of the article reads like an abstract for a published paper. This is much too specialized to be considered encyclopedic. ManoaChild 10:34, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, they investigated the properties of a substance with a copyright label (shouldn't those be trademarked instead?) Anyway, abstracts to scientific papers don't belong here. - Mgm|(talk) 10:47, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Delete Original Research - see Google Scholar  Dlyons493 13:03, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I still don't know whether the title title refers to the researchers (guess 1), the name of the 'effect' (guess 2) or the name of the research project (guess 3). Alf 14:30, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I have tagged it as copyvio. Guess the people who dumped it on WP won't be coming back to rephrase their abstract (dating back to the year 2000), but just in case: Delete, original research. --DrTorstenHenning 11:36, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Definitor

In the Catholic Church, a definitor (Latin for 'one who defines') is a title with different specific uses. There are secular definitors, who have a limited amount of oversight over a part of a diocese, and also definitors in religious orders who generally provide counsel and assistance to the superiors general and provincial superiors of their order.

Secular definitors
In a deanery or vicarate forane, which is a grouping of several neighboring parishes within a diocese, a definitor is either the second (and unique) highest office, immediately below the dean or vicar forane and his deputy, or is the priest in charge of any of a number of even smaller districts within the deanery, called definitio. They oversee the ecclesiastical property and generally assist the dean, under the ordinary authority of the bishop. Alternative titles for this position are chamberlain or treasurer. These diocesan offices are not prescribed by canon law, and can be omitted.

Regular definitors
In the Cistercian Order, the Abbot General is assisted by a council of five definitors, traditionally two French-speaking, one German-speaking, one English-speaking and one Dutch-speaking. Among the Franciscan Observants, the Definitor is the third highest office of the Order, below the Minister General and Procurator General. In the Camaldolese Order, Definitor may be given as the personal title of a prior. In the Dominican Order a Provincial Definitor serves under the Prior Provincial.

The title Definitor General is used by the Discalced Carmelites, the Friars Minor and the Capuchins. These officers are generally elected by the General Chapter of their Orders for a specified period of time.

title: Definitor


text:
Brad, Hunedoara

Brad (Brád; Tannenhof) is a city in Hunedoara County in the Transylvania region of Romania. Its name comes from the Romanian word brad, "fir".

Geography
The city is located in the northern part of the county, at the foot of the Metaliferi Mountains. It lies in the valleys of the river Crișul Alb and its tributaries, Brad and Luncoiu. Five villages are administered by the city: Mesteacăn ("birch"; Mesztákon), Potingani (Pottingány), Ruda-Brad (Ruda), Țărățel (Cerecel) and Valea Bradului ("the valley of the fir tree"; Vályabrád).

History
A gold mine in the area began to be exploited in Roman times, and the town developed around it. The earliest documentary mention of Brad dates to 1445. Gold mining was active until 2006. There is a Gold Museum.

Buildings and monuments
The Brad railway station is listed as a historic monument. The central plaza of Brad features a copy of the Capitoline Wolf, near the Dacian Draco.

Demographics
At the 2021 census, Brad had a population of 12,690. At the census from 2011, the population of the city was 14,495, of which 13,534 (97.3%) were Romanians, 192 (1.38%) Romani, 127 (0.91%) Hungarians, 19 (0.13%) Germans, and 33 others.

Natives

 * Cătălin Bălescu (born 1962), visual artist and academic
 * Gavril Blajek (born 1939), water polo player
 * Gheorghe Falcă (born 1967), politician and engineer
 * Ilarion Felea (1903–1961), priest and theologian of the Romanian Orthodox Church
 * Florin Maxim (born 1981), footballer and manager
 * Teodor Meleșcanu (born 1941), politician, diplomat, and jurist
 * László Pataky (1857–1912), painter
 * Ileana Stana-Ionescu (born 1936), actress and politician

title: Brad, Hunedoara


text:
Talk:Firebird (software label)

Telecomsoft
Is there any significant benefit to having a 'Firebird' article separate from the Telecomsoft one? Perhaps the information here should be incorporated into that article, and Firebird redirected to Telecomsoft? Fourohfour 10:03, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Redirect
PAGE REDIRECTED: The Telecomsoft article contained more detail on Firebird (despite linking back here!) and a better overview. As the Firebird, Rainbird, etc. labels were all related, I think this is better served with a single article covering the parent company (splitting it into 'Firebird', 'Rainbird' etc. would make the relationships between them less clear, and isn't necessary unless Telecomsoft gets extremely long- unlikely). Fourohfour 15:06, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Firebird (software label)


text: User talk:80.46.90.73

title: User talk:80.46.90.73


text:
Nosegay

A nosegay, posy, or tussie-mussie is a small flower bouquet, typically given as a gift. They have existed in some form since at least medieval times, when they were carried or worn around the head or bodice. Doilies are traditionally used to bind the stems in these arrangements. Alternatively, "posy holders", available in a variety of shapes and materials (although often silver), enable the wearing of these arrangements "at the waist, in the hair, or secured with a brooch".

The term nosegay arose in fifteenth-century Middle English as a combination of nose and gay (the latter then meaning "ornament"). A nosegay is, thus, an ornament that appeals to the nose or nostril.

The term ' (also ') comes from the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–1901), when the small bouquets became a popular fashion accessory. Typically, tussie-mussies include floral symbolism from the language of flowers, and therefore may be used to send a message to the recipient. In modern times the term specifically refers to small bouquets in a conical metal holder, or the holder itself, particularly when used at a white wedding.

title: Nosegay


text:
Talk:Ken George

Academic criticism
The sentence "from experts on Celtic languages" was changed to "from Bold textsomeBold text experts on Celtic languages. Are there are academics withing the field of Celtic philology that support George's version. If yes, then the new version is more appropriate. If not, then the previous version is more correct
 * (Please sign your posts.) I don't know of any "real" Celticists who support Kernowek Kemyn. Evertype 10:40, August 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't either, offhand, but as a rule, "real" Celticists have been pretty unenthusiastic about revived Cornish as a whole. Nicholas Williams is an exception of course (hardly a neutral arbiter, in any case) and you're right to mention him in the article. I've read a fair bit of the 'academic' criticisms of Kemmyn, and in my own opinion they don't often rise above petty personal sniping from a rather limited clique of people in what is, after all, a very small field. But hopefully the day's not far off when revivalists and Celticists can sit calmly round a table discussing the actual linguistic questions amicably. Quartier Latin   1968  17:58, 22 August 2005 (UTC)

Despite being factually correct the added sentence makes the article POV. It should either be withdrawn or it should be balanced by information about the response to the criticisms and some details about how successful Kemmyn has been. This needn't be subjective - it could, for example, talk about An Gannas and the amount of literature that has been published in Kemmyn - possibly with a reference to the 'lyenn' page on the Cornish wiki. There are lots of other options too, if you run out of ideas - just pop a note here if you'd like me to list them.
 * Please register and sign your posts. Evertype 10:16, August 24, 2005 (UTC)

Place of birth?
Mr Everson wrote Apparently he is English, not a Native of Cornwall. I don't dispute this – I have no information one way or another – but if he is from East Cornwall, he might have been born in Plymouth for the simple reason that it's the only handy maternity unit in the area. People in southeast Cornwall have actually been lobbying to have a new maternity ward put in, simply because it's an emotional issue which side of the Tamar a person's born in... QuartierLatin1968 15:41, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

 * i personally fail to see that it matters where he was born. would it change thing that he was, let's say, pakistani or sudanese rather than english or cornish? are only people having been born in cornwal able to formulate linguistic theories specifically dealing with cornish? doe it run in the blood somehow? feel free to reply to me on the breton wiki here

85.57.163.149 17:46, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

 * No, that's not the point. George was included in the category Category:Natives of Cornwall, and Mr Everson removed him from that category with the explanation that "apparently" George was English-born. QuartierLatin1968 [[Image:Red flag waving transparent.png|20px|El bien mas preciado es la libertad]] 04:17, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * yes it is for me. i still feel that you are applying an excessively limited concept of the term "native" (reradless of whether it afects Ken George or not, which, I believe, is neither here nor there). you seem to assume that "nativeness" is based on where a person happens to be born, part of the ius solis tradition. other criteria also exist in law, however, such as ius sanguis, so that, for example, third generation galizans are considered galizan to all efects and purposes by the administration whether or not either they, or indeed eitheir of their parents, were actually born in galiza (as is the case, in fact, for several hundred thoudans of people). may i also suggest that, for example, someone born in india but who has spent all of their life, or the best part of it, living and working in cornall and especially for the advancement of cornall would certainly, to my mind at least, be worthy of the title "native of cornwall". this is rather an open concept and need not be applied based on the narrowest interpretaion available, ie. where someone happens to be born. if that needs to be done, ie. sorting poeple based on their place of birth, may i suggest changing the name of the category to the rather simpler and less controversial "people born in cornwall"? Neal

Reversion
I'm reverting most of the recent edits made by Evertype, but I do think he warrants an explanation why:
 * 1) Dr George's "real job" does, I believe, deserve a more prominent mention than merely as an afterthought at the end of his stub.
 * 2) Strictly speaking, it's not unsubstantiated that Kernewek Kemmyn has the most users. The MacKinnon report, to which I've added a link in the article, finds that, "The largest in numerical terms appears to be Kemmyn, and it is certainly the most productive in publications and language resources." I don't say this report is infallible, but it is worth noting that this is an independent scholarly report commissioned by a government office: I find it hard to imagine they've got much of an axe to grind. Elsewhere, Arjan Hut of the Frisian Academy reports for Mercator-Education: "The Cornish Language Board, the language institute that has since produced most language activity, has adopted Kemmyn and approximately 80% of the Cornish speaking population now use it." Again, Hut may be mistaken; he may have been misled; but he does at least seem to be an independent observer.
 * 3) Discussion of the academic criticisms of Kernewek Kemmyn are not out of place here; but it would seem rather bizarre and perverse to make this stub into a platform for delegitimizing Kemmyn. Wikipedia's not for spreading propaganda, it's for reporting on alternate points of view. I would warmly welcome substantive information on the critiques of Kemmyn offered by Jon Mills, Nicholas Williams, Glanville Price, Charles Penglaze, or anybody who's taken a thoughtful and probing look into the matter. But it would certainly not be appropriate to say "George believes X, but this is nonsense; George says Kemmyn is Y, but there's no evidence for it; Kemmyn is meant to be Z, but it's not". (Notice that I'm not suggesting that's what you did say, Mr Everson – your edits were certainly far more measured; but I think you'll agree with me it would be wrong to tread very far down this path.) QuartierLatin1968 [[Image:Red flag waving transparent.png|20px|El bien mas preciado es la libertad]] 04:14, 17 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, I have some responses.
 * I think that George is not in the Wikipedia for his work in his "real job". If this article were to detail that work, I would be very happy to see it given more prominance. Please feel free to write a paragraph detailing that work.
 * The MacKinnon report is not authoritative, though the Kemmynites are pleased to hide behind it. One proponant of traditional Cornish said to me about this "The statistics from MacKinnon on which they base their assumption are very unreliable. I remember being asked to come up with figures for Unified at the drop of a hat and the figures for Kemmyn were just their usual propaganda."
 * Well, there's a lot of that criticism that could be put here. But I take your point. Evertype 09:41, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Just regarding your comment: The link to the "majority" statement led to a page without evidence. Maybe this is an unreasonable hangup of mine, but I do feel hesitant about linking directly to .doc or .pdf files from an article; I'm imagining that people will want to go to a site, and check out that it seems legit, before agreeing to download files from it. So the link in question takes you to the page on the Southwest regional office website from which the various sections of the MacKinnon report can be downloaded directly. Beannachtaí lá Fhéile Pádraig, by the way. QuartierLatin1968 [[Image:Red flag waving transparent.png|20px|El bien mas preciado es la libertad]] 23:51, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

This article just becomes more embarrassingly POV with each amendment made by one particular editor. Please take note of the anonymous comment made at the top of this page, which is entirely valid: The article "... should be balanced by information about the response to the criticisms and some details about how successful Kemmyn has been.  This needn't be subjective - it could, for example, talk about An Gannas and the amount of literature that has been published in Kemmyn - possibly with a reference to the 'lyenn' page on the Cornish wiki.  There are lots of other options too, if you run out of ideas - just pop a note here if you'd like me to list them." Given that Kemmyn is primarily a spelling system, the amount of literature published in it IS a measure of its success. And it far outweighs the amount of literature published in all the other spelling systems put together - a fact that CAN be substantiated. So put something in the article about that. Show us that you can honour Wiki principles. Suffixing every statement made about Ken George or Kemmyn with "but critics don't agree with this" is just tedious. Next we'll have someone going in and editing the Nicholas Williams article to add "but critics don't agree with this" everywhere. What a game. Branvras

 * It also pisses me off that "that particular editor" has a financial stake in undermining Ken George's credibility, and yet he's allowed to edit all he wants, constantly removing referenced information that he finds unpalatable. I'm trying very hard to assume good faith, but surely there has to be some provision for financial conflicts of interest. QuartierLatin1968 [[Image:Red flag waving transparent.png|20px|El bien mas preciado es la libertad]] 18:42, 16 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh come on. Nobody makes money out of Cornish. I support UCR and work against Kernowek Kemyn because I think UCR is the right vehicle for the Cornish Revival, and because I think that Kernowek Kemyn is inauthentic and should be abandoned. Evertype 19:02, 16 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Nevertheless, you cannot be considered a disinterested party, Mr Everson. QuartierLatin1968 [[Image:Red flag waving transparent.png|20px|El bien mas preciado es la libertad]] 19:33, 16 May 2006 (UTC)
 * It's true that nobody makes money out of Cornish, but you do have a financial stake in undermining the credibility of Kernewek Kemmyn. You make a smaller loss if you can convince people that they should adopt the form of Cornish that you support.  Everything you write about Cornish is POV, mainly by intentional omission.  It is misleading at best and deceitful at worst.  You want precise and encyclopaedic?  Then I suggest you do something about the following: "Given that Kemmyn is primarily a spelling system, the amount of literature published in it IS a measure of its success.  And it far outweighs the amount of literature published in all the other spelling systems put together - a fact that CAN be substantiated.  So put something in the article about that.  Show us that you can honour Wiki principles".  Go on, show us. Branvras

I have taken out all the remaining unsubstantiated assertions and heavily biased wording. I wonder really how much of the spelling row is appropriate on what is basically a bio page. Perhaps there should be an article devoted to the various Cornish Orthographies, their histories, philosopies etc. All the various POVs could then be aired in as balanced a manner as possible. I would certainly like to see links to any reasoned arguments against KK, most of what I've seen so far really only boils down to constantly repeated assertions. Why Mr Everson should be so partisan about the spelling of a language he doesn't speak or use himself really baffles me. If he wishes to continue to air his prejudices here, he should at least provide bona fide sources.

The Mercator report takes its figures from McKinnon, and so perhaps should be removed. There is an HTML version of McKinnon on the Cornwall 'County' Council web site, I think there's a link from the Cornish language article. Mongvras 01:29, 18 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, it should be removed, as it is not itself a source for the claim. Evertype

Re. Everson's latest bout of revertion. KK "appears to be used by the majority", is I think a fair statement of fact. "The majority" means anything > 50%. Can Everson come up with any credible published statement that KK is used by less than half of Cornish speakers/users? Actually, I'm not aware of very much active use of UCR other than by Williams himself, and perhaps two or three others. How many books have been published in UCR over the last two or three years for example? That surely could be ascertained objectively? 'Kowethas an Yeth' has just under 300 members, and a recent survey showed that almost all of them preferred KK. 'Agan Tavas' has about 150 members (recent WMN article) not all of whom speak Cornish. All I can say is that until someone does a proper survey, such evidence as there is all points to the majority using KK. Mongvras 23:51, 19 May 2006 (UTC)
 * "Reversion". I think "appears to be" is your POV, and I know people who do not share that POV. It is certainly the case that Kernowek Kemyn is held by its supporters to be in the majority, but not everyone believes that. I think that is held by its supporters is verifiable and NPOV, and is a better description than appears to be. My informants suggest that Kernowek Kemyn is losing ground. Evertype 09:20, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

Your informants are leading you up the garden path and you appear to have made no effort whatsoever to verify what they tell you. On the basis of what your informants tell you, which is exactly what you want to hear, you constantly distort any attempt to present a true picture of the state of the language. "appears to be" is not POV. It is backed up by strong evidence. Kernewek Kemmyn is a written medium. Since it was adopted by the Cornish Language Board more than 250 works have been published in Kemmyn, and an all-Cornish magazine has appeared every single month with a circulation of around 300. In that same time, Unified Cornish has managed about 15 publications and a quarterly bilingual magazine - often containing more English than Cornish. Unified Cornish Revised has managed 5 publications and nothing else, and Modern Cornish has managed to produce next to nothing. The popularity of Kernewek Kemmyn is clear from these figures. Perhaps you could research them further and challenge them on the basis of the facts that you uncover. But once you've done that, uphold Wiki principles and write something NPOV based on those facts, rather than constantly taking out everything you don't agree with, because you "heard otherwise", from every attempt to give a fair appraisal of the state of the language. Go on. Show us you can do it. Branvras

 * Exactly. Evertype has become quite adept at reverting other people's edits by crying 'NPOV' and 'unverifiable', but he has yet to come up with a single verifiable source for any of his assertions. And "it must be stressed that no accurate figures are available" isn't NPOV either, because it sets the Wikipedia editor up as an arbiter of the veracity of the figures. We report arguments, we don't judge them. QuartierLatin1968 [[Image:Red flag waving transparent.png|20px|El bien mas preciado es la libertad]] 14:46, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

Use of sources
Ken George's academic bio does not, in itself, substantiate his characterization as "a linguist", as such. (It's also apparently written by George himself, so it's not an independent source.) Certainly he has some academic qualifications in Celtic studies, however. Shall we change the mention of linguistics to Celtic studies? Q·L·1968 ☿ 11:47, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

 * It states that he has a Doctorat du Troisième Cycle on the phonology of Cornish. Perhaps this should be changed to "phonologist" ? - Francis Tyers · 15:17, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

"... et la thèse de linguistique soutenue à Brest en 1986 par Ken George."

 * Says that his thesis was a linguistic one. - Francis Tyers · 15:22, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Hmm. Well, phonology is of course a branch of linguistics... Still, two of his degrees fall so neatly into the category of 'Celtic studies', while I hesitate to call him a phonologist as such. I mean, he hasn't spent a lot of time formally studying phonology as a whole (i.e. outside of just Brythonic), as far as I know. (And I could be wrong.) Q·L·1968 ☿ 23:06, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't know, it depends on where you're from maybe, but here I'd say if someone has a PhD in a subject, published articles in journals relating to the subject (e.g. KJ George (1983) A computer model of sound changes in Cornish' - Journal of the Association of Literary and Linguistic Computing), and books (Cornish in The Celtic Languages, 1993) you can refer to them by that. I've no idea if these are good or bad papers, but it Is there a publication threshold that I'm not aware of ? Maybe I should stop telling people I'm a computational linguist, as I don't even have a PhD! :) - Francis Tyers · 08:05, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

 * A doctorat du troisième cycle isn't a PhD. It's a lesser post-grad degree. I don't care much either way, but I know there are Cornish users who are very sensitive about characterizing George as a 'linguist'. (Might just be a tempest in a teapot, though.) Q·L·1968 ☿ 14:24, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't think that "linguist" is a protected title in the way that "social worker" or "pharmacist" are. DuncanHill (talk) 14:33, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Aha, it might be what is called a tesina in Spain, which is like a Masters' dissertation in the UK. I don't see why they would be upset at calling him a linguist, I can see them being angry at his orthography (haha, I hate your spelling!) but to be upset that a man who publishes papers and books on linguistics and language calls himself a linguist. I'm not sure about that... - Francis Tyers · 14:57, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Looking on the French Wikipedia, it seems to suggest that doctorat du troisième cycle = doctorat = PhD. But with the Bologna process I'm not so sure any more — I don't speak French well, so if you could clarify it (either here or on my Wikipedia page) that would be cool. - Francis Tyers · 15:05, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

You can be an amateur linguist too. Just like you can be an amateur archaeologist or astronomer. --MacRusgail (talk) 15:33, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

Possible edits by the subject
I believe that these three edits were made by the subject of the article:, ,. The first of these edits merits, in my opinion, review, as it removes verifiable criticism which was written in a neutral fashion. -- Evertype·✆ 14:37, 4 December 2008 (UTC)

 * @Evertype Tha sibh ceart! Tha e ga dheanamh a-rithist.--MacRùsgail (talk) 12:20, 12 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Is maith gur runne tú na ceartúchain sin. -- Evertype·✆ 13:08, 12 March 2014 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Ken George


text:
Talk:Charles van der Stappen

Book cover
I added a book cover to this which uses a van der Stappen sculpture. It'd obviously be better to just have a photo of it, but I think this is good in the meantime. Also interesting to illustrate how his works have been used in popular culture. Kit 10:04:08, 2005-08-22 (UTC)

from a ROLE PLAYING GAME???? i doubt the symbolists or nineteenth century artists of any conviction would have thought much of role playing games. ESPECIALLY since the state of the real world today! those decadents then were trouble makers and rebels, occupied in fighting for the authority of the arts decay.

~blackauryallibrary —Preceding unsigned comment added by Blackauryallibrary (talk • contribs) 08:03, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Charles van der Stappen