text:
Talk:Locations of Final Fantasy IX

Location Screenshots
I am currently in the process of adding location screenshots to various important locations. Please feel free to add extra pictures or edit existing ones with quality replacements. Huricos 22:50, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Expanded
I expanded and added, although a lot of the info may be poorly written (I'm in a hurry, but I'll try and fix them soon). Deckiller 22:46, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

Cleyra
I just fixed some grammar in the Cleyra description, and I noticed it calls Cleyra both a city and a country. I haven't played FFIX in a few years, so I can't remember what it refers to it as or what it really is...should that be fixed, just for clarity's sake? Adamantium Guy 04:44, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

Grammar
The grammar and wording in the article isnt great, hope nobody minds me improving it slightly...I just did the Mist Continent stuff, I'll stop there for now incase someone takes offence and goes off on one. Plebmonk

Speculation
"(Necron himself was no part of the tree)"

This is obviously speculation, and thus a NPOV. If no-one objects, then i'll remove it. Jammi567 15:21, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Location of Terra
Its been a while since I played the game through, but I always thought Terra was the red of the two moons in sky. This article references Terra as being "buried deep within Gaia."

I guess they got this from the fact you seem to go into the shimmering isle? But I always thought of the shimmering isle as some kind of "teleporter."

This line in the script supports there being two moons in the sky: "As the sun lends me no ear, I pray instead to the twin moons!" (from the play at the start of the game). Garland also says Zidane has been "bewitched by the light of the blue moon" - perhaps referring to Gaia as a "moon" in a somewhat derogatory way (implying gaia orbits terra, when in fact it was terra that somehow "moved" into orbit around Gaia as it supposedly has done many other planets before assimilating them), or Gaia's natural moon.

So, how can Terra be inside Gaia, yet floating in the sky above it? I can't find any evidence in the script to support Terra being inside Gaia at all. If noone objects or points out where in the script is says this (as I'm not entirely sure what I'm looking for) then I'll change the Terra section to refer to it as a planet in orbit around Gaia.

The mechanics behind just how Terra moves around and indeed absorbs other planets aren't explained, but with the references in the script it appears not to be inside Gaia but to move into orbit around it and somehow "merge", a process that had only been prevented because of Gaia's souls. So, tell me what you think, or if I get no response after a week I'll change it anyway, I think I put forward a pretty good case! Thanks. Olliemilne 02:25, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

Adding more evidence to my previous post, I found this quote: "Zidane: Talk about a let-down. Who would've guessed that the home I've yearned for would be a dump like this. No wonder I never found it. It's not even on Gaia!" Clearly references terra as being "off-world" Olliemilne 02:35, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

 * No response? :( I also have other points to raise, I'd appreciate a repsonse from someone, thanks. Olliemilne 18:15, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

Forgotten Continent antimagic barrier
Another point I have is that the article states that the entire Forgotten continent is surrounded by an antimagic barrier. I really don't remember that being true... I'm sure I could cast magic in Ipsen's castle for instance. I think this is a mistake someone has made from this particular part of the script: "Kuja: I'm going to send you to a place called Oeilvert.

Zidane: Where that?

Kuja: Oeilvert is south of the Seaways Canyon on the Forgotten Continent. It isn't really my kind of place.

Zidane: What do you mean by that?

Kuja: You see, there's an anti-magic barrier around the place."

Here, Kuja is referring just to Oeilvert, not the whole continent. The Oeilvert section of the article references this barrier, and I think the info about the whole of the continent being magicproof is a mistake. I can't find any proof for it anyway, if someone with a save close to that section of the game can play and find out for sure that'd be cool, thanks. Olliemilne 17:49, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Correct, Kuja is referring to Oeilvert and not the entire continent. Dabomb691 05:48, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

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Zero World
Did you include enough info about Zero World. This is one of the strangest places in Final Fantasy 9.

title: Talk:Locations of Final Fantasy IX


text:
Legend of the Lost

Legend of the Lost is a 1957 Italian-American adventure film produced and directed by Henry Hathaway, shot in Technirama and Technicolor by Jack Cardiff, and starring John Wayne, Sophia Loren, and Rossano Brazzi. The location shooting for the film took place near Tripoli, Libya.

Plot
In Timbuktu, experienced guide Joe January (John Wayne) reluctantly joins a Saharan treasure hunting expedition led by Paul Bonnard (Rossano Brazzi), a man obsessed with confirming his dead father's claim to have found a lost city. Dita (Sophia Loren), a woman of dubious reputation, becomes infatuated with Paul and his willingness to overlook her past. She invites herself along, despite Joe's protests. During the tough, dry ordeal, Joe and Dita become attracted to each other, raising tensions.

Just as they run out of water, they stumble upon the ancient city and a well. There, they find three human skeletons, a woman and two men. It becomes evident that Paul's father had found his woman in the arms of his guide, killed them and then himself. There is also no obvious treasure to be found. Paul's faith in his father is shattered and he becomes drunk.

However; they find the treasure after Joe deciphers the clues left by Paul's father in his bible. They load it and prepare to leave in the morning. Paul makes an attempt to seduce Dita; she rejects him and he gets into a fight with Joe, who protects her. Joe and Dita wake up to find that Paul had sneaked away during the night, taking all the animals, supplies and treasure with him and leaving his companions to die.

Joe and Dita pursue him on foot and eventually catch up. Paul is unconscious from dehydration. While Joe and Dita dig for desperately needed water, Paul regains consciousness. He buries the treasure and attacks Joe from behind with a knife. Dita shoots and kills Paul. When they spot a caravan approaching in the distance, Joe and Dita are saved.

Cast

 * John Wayne as Joe January
 * Sophia Loren as Dita
 * Rossano Brazzi as Paul Bonnard
 * Kurt Kasznar as Prefect Dukas
 * Sonia Moser as Girl
 * Angela Portaluri as Girl
 * Ibrahim El Hadish as Galli Galli

Production
Legend of the Lost was directed by Henry Hathaway. Wayne and Hathaway worked together six times, beginning with The Shepherd of the Hills (1941) and ending with Wayne's Oscar-winning role in True Grit (1969). Co-author Robert Presnell, nearing the end of his career at this time, was one of Hollywood's most successful screenwriters. None of this talent managed to keep Legend of the Lost from being harshly reviewed by critics.

Hathaway said the main things wrong with the film were the script and the casting of Brazzi ("he can't play evil... the more I worked with him the worse he got." )

Wayne liked the location work in Rome and Libya. The plot is vaguely similar to another of Wayne’s movies crossing the Mojave Desert. The Roman remains of Leptis Magna in Libya were used extensively as a location for the ancient city. In the script Wayne's character refers to 'Timgad' in sardonic reference to the apparent delusions of Paul's father, despite the fact this places a considerable strain on the geography of the plot. The lost city of Timgad referred to in the film was actually the Leptis Magna ruins, a Roman city dating back to the 7th century B.C. near Tripoli, in northwest Libya, while "Timbuktu" was actually in Zliten, Libya. Headquarters for the film were located in Ghadames, where, according to the publicity material, citizens of the local villages were employed on set, as well as some native Tuaregs, an ancient desert tribe.

This film was Wayne's only collaboration on film with international cinema stars Sophia Loren and Rossano Brazzi.

The film was photographed by noted British cinematographer Jack Cardiff in Technicolor and Technirama (a wide-screen process developed by the Technicolor Corporation).

Novelization
The film was novelized in 1957 by Bonnie Golightly.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Legend of the Lost


text: Talk:List of Final Fantasy III locations


text: Talk:List of Final Fantasy II locations

title: Talk:List of Final Fantasy II locations


text:
Tony McDonnell

Anthony "Tony" McDonnell (born 10 February 1976, in Dublin) is a retired football player for Irish side, UCD. McDonnell would spend the entirety of his career with UCD, becoming the club's record longest serving player in history.

A former St Kevin's Boys player McDonnell made his League of Ireland debut on 27 March 1994 at Abbeycartron in a 2–1 win over Longford Town.

He went on to represent College until 2007, and is second on the all-time appearances list for the Dublin club as well as the club's sixth highest league goal scorer. He was also the club captain for the best part of a decade. He played as a right- or centre-back, but in later seasons he was deployed as a central midfielder. He made 308 league appearances for UCD, scoring 28 league goals, before deciding to call time on his career on 6 December 2007. The latter period of career was blighted by hamstring injuries, a major factor in his retirement. Asked about this in an interview, he replied that his hamstrings were "[t]ighter than a camels ass in a sand storm. They say all the lightning quick players have trouble with them……so no idea why I do!"

He was a nominee for the League of Ireland player of the year in the 2005 season, and was appointed chairman of the PFAI in August 2006. He has also worked as a pundit on RTÉ's Monday Night Soccer show since retirement and still regularly attends UCD's home games.

His uncle is Maurice Swan and his cousin is Derek Swan.

Club

 * Leinster Senior Cup (football)
 * UCD 1995/96
 * FAI Super Cup
 * UCD 2000/01

Individual

 * League of Ireland Premier Division Player of the Month
 * UCD (March 2006)

title: Tony McDonnell


text:
Zebra spider

The zebra spider (Salticus scenicus) is a common jumping spider of the Northern Hemisphere. Their common name refers to their vivid black-and-white colouration, whilst their scientific name derives from Salticus from the Latin for “jump”, and the Greek scenicus, translating to “theatrical” or “of a decorative place,” in reference to the flashy, zebra-like coloration of the species.

Description
Female zebra spiders are 5–9 mm long, while males are 5–6 mm. Male zebra spiders have distinctly larger chelicerae than females. Spiders in the family Salticidae have especially enlarged anterior median eyes, though the anterior and posterior lateral eyes are also large when compared to the very small posterior median eyes. In total there are eight eyes, with the very large anterior median eyes primarily responsible for its excellent binocular vision. These small spiders are black with white hairs that form stripes.

Distribution and habitat
Zebra spiders are widespread across Europe, North America, and North Asia, where they are found throughout the Holarctic.

This species is naturally associated with open habitats such as rock faces, shingle beaches and occasionally the trunks of trees. Due to their preference for open, vertical habitats they are often found living in proximity to humans in urban habitat such as on garden fences and the walls of buildings. Spiders have also been known to enter houses, where they can often be found living in the corner of windowsills.

Diet
Zebra spiders tend to hunt smaller spiders and other arthropods. They have been observed feeding on mosquitos that are almost twice their length. They have also been observed taking on prey items up to 3 times the length of the spider, such as some of the smaller species of moth. Like other jumping spiders, these spiders use their large front eyes to locate and stalk their prey. They move slowly towards their prey until they are close enough to pounce on top of their victim, and their hunting behaviour has been described as cat-like. Using their acute eyesight, they are able to accurately judge the distances they need to jump.

Hunting
They orient towards prey detected by their lateral eyes whenever the angle subtended by such prey exceeds 5.5°. The velocity of the prey is not involved in the determination of reactive distance, but only moving objects elicit orientation. The probability that orientation is followed by stalking is a function of both prey size and velocity. The zebra spider's stalk velocity declines progressively as it nears its (stationary) prey.

Before jumping, they glue a silk thread to the surface that they are jumping from so that if they miss the target, they can climb up the thread and try again - However, they may 'abseil' with a silk thread if they wish to descend from a height safely, for instance they have been documented 'abseiling' from ceilings. They ignore unappetising insects such as ants.

There are no extensor muscles at the 'hinge joints' of the spider leg; joint extension in the legs is controlled by haemocoelic blood pressure. The most significant evidence that this extension is due to hydraulic forces is that the leg spines become erect during the jump, a result of increased body pressure which can be demonstrated on many spiders. The zebra spider's jump is almost entirely due to the sudden straightening of the fourth pair of legs. The mean jumping velocity is estimated to be between 0.64 - 0.79 m/s.

Reproduction
This species breeds during the spring and summer months. When a male and female spider meet, the male will conduct a courtship dance. The dance involves waving their front legs, pedipalps and moving their abdomen up and down. During the courtship dance males use their striped markings to signal that they wish to mate with the female. The courting ritual relies heavily on eyesight. The better the dance the more likely the female will want to mate. Males must be careful when approaching a female as they can risk being attacked or even mistaken as a prey species. If the female is impressed with the male's dance she will allow the male to approach. The female will crouch and allow the male to climb on top of her. Male spiders use a pair of leg-like appendages called pedipalps to transfer sperm to the female during the mating process. Females will stay with their egg sacs and will guard the young after they hatch. After the spiderlings have had their second moult they will leave the mother and fend for themselves.

Taxonomic history
Salticus scenicus was one of the spiders included in Carl Alexander Clerck's 1757 work Svenska Spindlar / Aranei Suecici, the starting point for spider names in zoological nomenclature. Clerck originally called the species Araneus scenicus, and Carl Linnaeus, in the 1758 edition of Systema Naturae named it Aranea scenica; the specific epithet scenicus means "actor". Since then a number of synonyms have been published:

 * Araneus scenicus
 * Aranea scenica
 * Aranea albo-fasciata
 * Aranea fulvata
 * Attus scenicus
 * Attus candefactus
 * Epiblemum faustum
 * Attus scenicoides
 * Calliethera histrionica
 * Calliethera scenica
 * Calliethera aulica
 * Salticus albovittatus
 * Attus histrionicus
 * Callithera alpina
 * Callietherus histrionicus
 * Epiblemum histrionicum
 * Salticus histrionicus
 * Epiblemum scenicum
 * Calliethera goberti
 * Calliethera albovittata

title: Zebra spider


text:
Talk:Lenne (Final Fantasy X-2)

Speculation section
Speculation = original research and/or What Wikipedia is Not. Therefore, when I redirect the page, I won't be adding that section. Deckiller 23:08, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lenne (Final Fantasy X-2)


text:
Talk:Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv

fascinating but too novell stuff moved to talk
Dear contributor. The text below is vey interesting and I appreciate your effort writing it but in current form we cannot have it yet. The reason is that you presented it as an unquestionable set of arguments, while this is not a mainstream interpretation at all. So, we should either present this sourced to some repctable scholar and say, that "according to..., while the majority thinks ...", or we can't have this in the article at all. Please quote your sources here and we can decide what to do with the material below. --Irpen 02:10, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * The historical reality behind the mythical character "Kyi" is that his name is a Turkic word denoting "river-bank", originally applied to the higher western bank of the Dnieper River at the location of the settlement that became the city of Kyiv.

 * The etymological derivation of "Kyiv" indicates that the area was originally inhabited by Turkic-speaking peoples, who gave the settlement on the high western bank of the Dnieper River its name. The legend of the foundation of Kyiv by three brothers Kyi, Schek and Khoriv was developed to explain the place-name, once Slavic settlers had replaced the Turkic inhabitants and the real meaning of the name had been forgotten.

 * The name of the third brother, Khoriv, is simply the Russian rendition of the Hebrew Chorev, the other name for Mount Sinai. Its incorporation into the legend may reflect the presence of Jews or Khazar converts to Judaism at an early period in the history of Kyiv.

 * The name "Lybed", meaning "Swan", given to the sister of the three brothers, reflects the presence of the Magyar tribes along the Dnieper River prior to their migration to modern Hungary in the 9th century. According to Magyar myths of origin, their country of sojourn before they moved to the Pannonian plain was called "Lebedia", or "Swanland", named after their chief, Lebed.  However, Lebed is definitely a Slavic word, not Magyar, and the name must have been borrowed by the Hungarians from Slavs at some point in their migrations.

Wondreing how words Kij(ev) and Lybed can be brought first to Turk and second to Magyar or Hungarian origin. Kij is just usual Slavic weapon called buzdovan by Turks.Today we know kij as a tool from baseball. Lybed comes from lebdeti, lebed lebdi on water. Where is here Turk, Magyar, Hungarian origin? Also cf. http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyje; http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyje_(okres_Ji%C4%8D%C3%ADn) Ask 59 (talk) 19:57, 22 July 2012 (UTC)

What are you talking about?! KIY is pure Slavic word and means "SCEPTER" (Royal hand, royal staff). The Lybed, Labod means "Swan"; which represents a goddess Danica or Zorica (Saraswati; Zorasveta) or Lada goddess. Addition EV to KIY represents a genitiv in Slavic and means "Scepter's"; like BrezhniEV for example... Surnames among men were/are generally spoken with "EV" and among women as "OVA". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.182.87.80 (talk) 15:44, 23 February 2013 (UTC)

Exactly Kij/kiy is a stick or staff sometimes swing it has nothing to do with Turkic. -- 06:48, 21 November 2014 210.50.61.104

names
It seems that there are about 3 major theories about each name–Gnomz007(?) 07:22, 10 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Currenly, the article is full of blatant speculations. Actually, everything is known about these mythical persons are their name, and this is ideal ground for all kinds of unsubstantiated claims to develop. Of zillions conflicting interpretations that proliferate, they chose those that postulate that Kiev was founded by Jews, i.e. Khazar Jews. This is obviously POV, because we all know when the Khazars took Judaism. --Ghirla | talk 01:17, 11 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Maybe scrap most of it, AU wiki explains the legends by the name of the local mountains.–Gnomz007(?) 01:48, 11 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I believe we should take it with a grain of salt, that's all. Assuming that Kiev has a Jewish etymology or proclaiming that Khoriv "is of biblical origin" is too much for an encyclopedia that aspires to be as unbiased as possible. --Ghirla | talk 08:05, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

Khoriv in Russian and Ukrainian
While you have a correct spelling of Khoriv in Russian, "Хорив", in Ukrainian the correct speeling should be "Хорiв" Goliath74 03:45, 10 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually it's the Latin spelling that was wrong, it's Khoryv.
 * Actually it is definitely "Хорiв" in Ukrainian, not "Хорив", as it states in the article. Goliath74 20:11, 20 December 2006 (UTC)
 * What do You base this claim on? Almost everywhere I saw it it was Хорив, on the net You'll see it for example on the official site of the city council, and major newspapers --Teche richka Tysa 11:23, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

Lybid
Lybid redirects here, however it should be an article about the Lybid river.

 * "Goddess Zorya (Danica) was identified with white swan, white bird.[citation needed]"

Lybid may mean "swan" but it can't be identified with the goddess Zorya. When you click on Zorya the Wiki article that you get directed to states that Zorya is the goddess of a star. This statement about the swan needs to be removed since it seems incorrect. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.252.183.253 (talk) 22:24, 29 May 2017 (UTC)

vandalism
the name Khoriv does apear sometimes, i guess mostly incompetent and undereducated civil servents left over from soviet era (though it can even be found no the net like ), however the proper spelling is Khoryv used for example among others by the official site of the city council. regardless of the correct name the edits made by me and the other person included more fixes and deleting them wholesale is clear proof of malicious intentions. --Teche richka Tysa 21:19, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

Kiev founded by hungarians ; Kyiv - etimologies found in Djagfar Tarihi
Djagfar Tarihi Bulgar annales gives two possible solutions to the etimology of the name Kyiv. First one is the following: "Here he was hospitably met by the people and with hostility by Chirmysh, the leader of the Bashkorts, who considered the Swan (Türk. Kyi - Translator’s Note) to be his ancestor, and wanted Bashkorts to worship Swan." Notice that Kyi has a meaning 'swan' in turk language. Bashkort and hungarians are closely related. Also notice that according to the legend of Kiev, the three founders (possibliy also hungarian-turkic origin: Keve (or Keow), Csák and Geréb) had a sister: 'Libid', the name (according to wikipedia page Kyiv) also means 'swan'.

Too much swans around the name of Kiev to consider this a coincidence. Notice that in hungarian history there is an ancient hungarian homeland, called Lebedia - scholars explain that, there should be a duke named Lebed, or Lebedi, and his land was called Lebedia after him(but nobody is sure, where it should have been exactly). But the resemblance between sister Lebid and the person in hungarian annals Lebedi is quite interesting.

The second explanation of the nem 'Kyiv' from Djagfar Tarihi:

"Soon, the boundaries of the new state expanded: they embraced the northern Black Sea region with the Middle Dnieper, and North Caucasus, inhabited by Bulgars, Alans, and the Anchians (Ants), the ancestors of the modern Ukrainians. Within Idel remained the Suvar beylik, which included territory of the Itil area, Southern Urals and Western Siberia. Altyn Oba ca 600 AD Great Bulgaria In 558, the Bulgar beylik suffered a disaster. The Bulgars were unable to withstand the onslaught of the nomadic Avars, who were expelled from the Asia by the Turkuts (Ashina Türks). The Avars with Ugrians fought their way across Bulgaria, obliging her to pay tribute and, creating the Avar Kaganate, settled in the Middle Danube (territory of the modern Hungary). The Türkic Kaganate was going through a struggle for power by various factions. The Oguzes seized the power, and a considerable part of the Türkic Kaganate Bulgars, led by a biy (Prince) Askal (Askil) in 563 left from Turkestan to the Great Bulgaria (Bulgar beylik). The prince of the Bulgar beylik Tamya-Tarhan adopted his tribesmen and settled them in the HonBalyn province (area of modern Kyiv), after which that settlement was renamed Askal. Askal married a daughter of Tamya-Tarhan, their son Alvar inherited power in the Bulgar beylik (Great Bulgaria, as the Greeks called it later). Alvar entered into an alliance with Byzantine Empire, which was also supported by his successors. After a death of Alvar from the hands of his brother, who was in Avar service, his younger brother Bu-Ürgan (Organa) ascended the throne. In 619, to strengthen his alliance with Byzantium, BuÜrgan with part of the Bulgars adopted Orthodox Christianity in the Greek city of Chersonese (Korsun), which Bulgars called Kryashen. Bulgars were Tengrians, and Bu Ürgan's baptism caused their discontent, which ended with him being forced to cede power in the Great Bulgaria to his nephew Kubrat (Kurbat), a son of Alvar. ''In 620 Kubrat instructed his younger brother Shambat to construct in Askal a fortress, which was named Bashtu (later Kyiv). In Bashtu lived Bulgars, Anchians (Slavs), Greeks and others'', as reflected in the later Arabo-Persian historical and geographical compositions. Shambat went on a successful campaign against Avars, annexed to his possessions a vast territory that belonged to the Avars, and announced a creation of his own state called Duloba (oba = habitat, habitat of the clan Dulo), which Slavs called Duleba. Kubrat demanded from his brother to return to the bosom of the Great Bulgaria, but Shambat refused his demand, for which he earned a nickname Kyi, i.e. “Separated”. As a separate state, Duloba existed from 623 to 658 (In the West European historiography, it goes under a name Samo state, and is billed as a first Slavic state in history. In contrast, in Slavic histories it is completely ignored, and even the Slavic term "Duloba" passes without any explanations and with somewhat negative connotations.'

Also notice the possibility that the name Ukrajna may come from Ugria or Ugriana, because ugric people occupied the majority of the lands today called Ukraina for centuries before the X. century. 81.183.245.214 (talk) 12:16, 19 June 2012 (UTC)

Ukrajina can impossible come from "Ugraina", since krajina, kraj, pokrajina are very often names throughout all Slavic countries from the Adriatic over Baltic, Black Sea to the Pacific Ocean: Primorska pokrajina, Slovenija; Kranj, Slovenija, Srbska Krajina; Pomorjansko, Germany; Primorski kraj, Russia etc. So U-krajina fits perfectly into this Slavic context, the rest, the Turko-Ugric naming is just a late consequence of the former Slavic naming. Kij is just common Slavic word for Turkish buzdovan, and Kij is the word where Kijjev comes from. Ask 59 (talk) 20:17, 22 July 2012 (UTC)

Occult nonsense about the Kyi etymology by the Turk quasi "historians"
The term KYI (KIJ) has nothing to do with any nationalistic Turk nonsense. Term KIJ in Slavic means "SCEPTER" (kij, žezlo). Kyi was a prince of the Ukrainian (Volhvivs - Volhvs were like Slavic "Druids" before Christianity) people. -- 10:03, 3 January 2013 109.182.41.58

Etymology
"Kyi appears to be derived from a Turkic word meaning "high river-bank","

Occult nonsense. KIJ (KIY) derives from Slavic "Scepter" (royal hand) which is a Trident. (remained as a symbol of Ukraine).

Kiy was a Old believer (pre christian) prince of eastern Slavs. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.165.124.206 (talk) 09:53, 17 September 2013 (UTC)

Turkic trident
I guess you are not interested at all because you think Slavs were around from the time being but let me tell you about trident: it is a tamga of Turkic (ex-Hunnic) tribe Dulo and it is a bow and an axe together. In Slavic it may had an other meaning and usage and may become "royal hand" but it is only a secondary meaning of an originally Turkic sign. Most of the Ukrainians today have Turkic roots and Ukraine only got Slavicised later and (most of the) Ukrainians are originally not Slavs at all, they only bacame ones in their culture and language. Make a little search for Dulo's, the first of them was Attila's son Ernach (who was not a Slav), he used this tamga and other Dulo's from that on. Dulo's controlled Kiev from the establishment until around the 860's. I believe Ukrainian and Slavic nationalist think anyone who states different that they think is a Turkic nationalist, but anyways, I told you the truth, maybe one day you'll find out who you are. It is good that Dulo's tamga is included in the official coat of arms and flag of Ukraine, because it refers to it's real, Turkic origin. 178.48.177.1 (talk) 13:20, 12 August 2019 (UTC)

 * A trident is a simple symbol that can probably be found in many cultures. There's not much evidence that Turkic-speakers were west of the Aral sea before the 6th-century A.D.  That the Huns spoke a Turkic language is only a guess... AnonMoos (talk) 07:30, 19 August 2019 (UTC)

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 * Кий, Щек, Хорив і Либідь засновують місто Київ. 482 рік.jpg

January 2023 merge proposal
The January proposal to merge Kyi to here seems very reasonable; the 3 brothers are notable for the same legendary event (foundation of Kyiv), and so are best discussed in one place; overlap. Klbrain (talk) 10:52, 28 August 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 14:16, 16 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv


text: User talk:207.255.78.166

title: User talk:207.255.78.166


text: User:Jerome Kelly

title: User:Jerome Kelly


text:
NASCAR Nation

NASCAR Nation was a program on the Speed Channel, which aired Monday nights, discussing the lifestyle of NASCAR drivers when they are not on the track. It was cancelled after the 2005 season.

The program began in 2005, effectively replacing Totally NASCAR, which had aired on Fox Sports Net since 2001. Speed expanded the program to one hour and it was a mixture of hard news, opinion, and feature segments. It aired Monday through Friday at 7 pm Eastern Time (ET).

In June 2005, the show carried an interview with NASCAR vice president of competition Robin Pemberton in which he tried to justify the disqualification of Busch Series driver Johnny Sauter. Due to a technical violation found during post-race inspection, Sauter was stripped of championship points and prize money. Reportedly, NASCAR officials did not like the tone of the interview.

Whether or not the interview was a factor was never explained publicly, but the week of June 20–24, Speed aired repeats of previous shows, then returned on June 27 with an entirely retooled NASCAR Nation. The information segments were removed and only the "fluff" elements, as noted above, remained. The show also received a new set, new theme music, and new hosts.

In August, NASCAR Nation was reduced to Mondays only, at 8 pm ET. It was part of a new "strip" of weekly NASCAR shows introduced by Speed. These shows included The Chase is On, One-Track Mind, and Backseat Drivers.

At the end of the 2005 season in November, NASCAR Nation, was cancelled. Two segments from the show were carried into 2006: "Mikey Mic'd," starring Michael Waltrip, which aired on NASCAR RaceDay but was then canceled; and a trivia segment, which is part of NASCAR Live.

One-Track Mind and Backseat Drivers were also canned. The Chase is On remained for a few more seasons but has not returned since the end of the 2007 season.

Speed would not have another original nightly show about NASCAR until NASCAR Race Hub debuted on October 10, 2009.

Show segments (original)

 * "The Big Story": In-depth examination of a NASCAR personality or event
 * "Home Base": Drivers' lives away from the track
 * "Nationcast": A look at the weekly weather from the race site
 * "Time Capsule": Highlights of past NASCAR moments
 * "Sound-Off": Fans' opinions of various topics (in later version, drivers were asked)
 * "Mikey Mic'd": Reality mini-show starring Michael Waltrip (also in later version)

Show hosts

 * Ralph Sheheen and Courtney George (first two weeks)
 * Ralph Sheheen and Krista Voda (March through June)
 * Leeann Tweeden, Craig Reynolds, and Shannon Spake (June through November)

In addition, both versions featured contributions from Jon Willenborg, a former contestant on The Apprentice.

title: NASCAR Nation


text: Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Korea/Closed


text:
Bob Ronka

Bob Ronka (born c. 1943) was a member of the Los Angeles City Council from the San Fernando Valley's 1st District between 1977 and 1981.

Biography
Ronka was born about 1943, the son of Ilmari Ronka, first-chair trombonist in the NBC Symphony Orchestra, and Loraine Vera Aalbu of Minneapolis, Minnesota, who worked with her sisters as vaudeville artists. The family moved to California in 1945, and Ronka attended North Hollywood High School, where he played trombone in a dance-band workshop that studied music ranging from the big-band sound of the early 1930s to the progressive jazz of Stan Kenton. He also played with the Dixie Smallfry youth group sponsored by radio-television personality Bill Baldwin.

A Phi Beta Kappa student at Stanford University, Ronka earned a law degree at Harvard University before serving in the Army in Vietnam, where he was awarded a Bronze Star.

Private practice
Ronka spent six years in private practice before his election to the City Council and had ""several years of developing industrial parks."

A Democrat, he was a member of an advisory council formed by Los Angeles District Attorney John Van de Kamp to study reform of the juvenile justice system and was also active with the San Fernando Valley Bar Association.

Elections
The liberal Ronka, an attorney who specialized in real estate, was elected to represent Los Angeles City Council District 1 in 1977, succeeding veteran Councilman Louis R. Nowell, who did not seek reelection. He defeated the Nowell-backed Jim Peterson by a 62%-38% margin and served for just four years.

In that era (1971), the 1st District was the largest geographic area in the city, about 76 square miles, which was a sixth the total area of Los Angeles. It included Arleta, Lake View Terrace, Mission Hills, Pacoima, Shadow Hills, Sunland-Tujunga, Sun Valley and Sylmar.

The councilman took preliminary steps toward running against Baxter Ward for the county Board of Supervisors in 1972, but decided against it when private polls showed the Ronka name was not recognized in the supervisorial district.

Recall
Ronka faced a recall petition in 1978 in which he was accused of, among other things, receiving unreported cash contributions from the "Mexican Mafia" and of failing to report the gift of a trip to Hawaii and ownership of real property in Westlake Village. The allegations of criminal activity were investigated by the district attorney's office, which found no reason to continue the probe. The petition lacked enough signatures to bring about an election.

Olympics
The councilman was one of the leading skeptics about the idea of hosting the 1984 Summer Olympics, for which Los Angeles was the only candidate. He sought assurance that the games would cost the city nothing, and he favored asking the voters to decide by ballot if the competitions should be held in the city at all. This ultimately resulted in a ballot measure forbidding Los Angeles from spending taxpayer monies on the games without reimbursement.

Ronka was on the negotiating team with Mayor Tom Bradley and a Bradley aide, Anton Calleia, which dickered in 1978 with the International Olympic Committee in Athens, Greece, over terms of the contract to bring the games to California, "and every time Bradley and Calleia appeared to give way on a point, he [Ronka] objected publicly." Soon the councilman was "shunted aside" from the negotiations, and he returned from Athens a day before the others to tell reporters that Bradley and Calleia had been "double-crossed" by "landed gentry and . . . brittle, archaic, arcane aristocrats." "Lord Killanin," Ronka said, speaking of the Irish president of the Olympic Committee, "has shown himself again to be totally brittle and autocratic and inflexible." In the final City Council decision, Ronka voted against the contract, but it was nevertheless approved, 8–4.

Flooding
He gained favorable citywide publicity in February and March 1978 when he cut short a vacation in Acapulco, Mexico, (from a planned three days to an actual twenty minutes) to return home when he heard that heavy storm waters had flooded the Sunland-Tujunga area. The Los Angeles Times reported: "Ronka slipped out of his low-profile image when disaster struck his district Feb. 9, and subsequently he has become almost as regular a television figure as the weatherman." Interviews by "Mr. Clean, as the Harvard-educated freshman councilman is sometimes called . . . may be turning into political gold." Ronka warned that "Body parts and human flesh" from the flooded Verdugo Hills Cemetery and rats and poisons and dead snakes were threatening the area. City officials played down the alarmist reports, but residents said they were grateful for Ronka's on-the-scene presence and his fight in City Hall to cut red tape. (According to Thomas Noguchi's book Coroner, some 100 bodies were indeed sent plunging from the flooded cemetery into homes, businesses and city streets.)

Aides
In 1978 Ronka verified a Los Angeles Times report that he had hired five former political campaign workers as City of Los Angeles employees to work for him under the federal Comprehensive Employment and Training Act but said: "They were qualified, they are hard workers, they weren't coming in on a tenured position. I make no apologies for them." One of the aides, Larry Hanna, was fired by Ronka and led a recall drive against him (above). It was soon determined that other council members had made the same kind of appointments, and a few weeks later the U.S. Department of Labor announced that it would no longer pay the salaries—about $3 million annually—to the council-hired workers.

Reputation
It was said that Ronka was disliked by his fellow City Council members because he was not a team player but instead acted like a "publicity hound." Bad feeling developed, for example, between Ronka and Council President John Ferraro, who was "astonished and angry" when Ronka voted against the Olympics contract although Ferraro had felt he had Ronka's firm commitment to vote in favor. As well, some other city officials felt that Ronka was grandstanding in his publicity during the Sunland-Tujunga floods (above).

City attorney campaign
Ronka did not run for reelection in 1981 but was an unsuccessful candidate for city attorney instead. His political campaign caused a citywide furor with television ads saying that the councilman's opponent, City Controller Ira Reiner, had represented Leslie Van Houten, an associate of mass murderer Charles Manson, as her attorney in court. Another spot said Reiner was "private attorney (for the) Manson family." A campaign mailer claimed that Reiner had "solicited Manson as a client in order to draw press attention and make himself famous." (Reiner actually had served briefly as Van Houten's attorney but "was dismissed when he insisted on separating her defense from Manson's and going against Manson's wishes.") Ronka ordered the ads pulled, but the damage was done: Support fell away, and the editorial page of the Los Angeles Times withdrew its endorsement. Ronka survived the primary election in April but lost to Reiner in June, 231,540 to 133,205.

Calabasas
Ronka retired to Calabasas, California, where he is active in community affairs. In 1988, he sued Stephen Chrystie, his former attorney, for "breach of trust and fraud" in managing a blind trust while Ronka was on the Los Angeles City Council. He said that the attorney lost him $1.4 million and also invested in slum property, a "potential political embarrassment" that contributed to his decision not to run for council in 1987. Chrystie denied the charge and said that "Mr. Ronka has retired on the millions I made for him." Ronka told a reporter that most of his income came from profitable investment in the Warner Center development in Woodland Hills. The outcome of the suit is not in the public record.

title: Bob Ronka


text:
Talk:Impersonal verb

Subject agreement and Esperanto
I've just removed an addition by Michael Hardy:

 * In Esperanto, verbs do not agree with subjects, so the few impersonal verbs cannot be said to behave in any way as if there were any kind of subject.

The reason: agreement is irrelevant to the matter, and the second part of the sentence may be misleading. In Mandarin nothing agrees with anything, and yet verbs have recognizable arguments (though the distinction may be more pragmatical than syntactical). Also, in Esperanto subjects are marked by position and by case (before the verb and no preposition or -n accusative mark, IIRC), so the subject is recognizable when there is one, and (correct me if I'm wrong) anything in subject position is obviously wrong when the verb is an impersonal one.

What MH may have meant is that an impersonal verb and a verb that is alone and doesn't have a subject agreement mark are indistinguishable. That's correct, but only regarding the actual verb word in that specific context. There are many intransitive verbs that can appear alone in a language like Esperanto, but they do have implicit subjects.

--Pablo D. Flores (Talk) 02:15, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Merge with weather verb?
Should weather verb be merged into this article? --Jim Henry 02:30, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I think so, yes. Ruakh 13:50, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

There is
Recently there is/are/etc. has been added to this article as an impersonal verb. There is a good argument to be made for this interpretation, but it's not the traditional interpretation, and an argument can be made going the other way as well. All in all, I don't think we can just say that there is is an impersonal verb without any comment or reference. Ruakh 19:40, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

Mistake
"In terms of valency, impersonal verbs are avalent, meaning that they altogether lack semantic arguments"

Wrong (it might be true in English, I don't know, but not in Latin for example : cf. me pudet alicuius). Please see this. Fsojic (talk) 22:28, 11 November 2012 (UTC)

Impersonal passive?
Shouldn't there be some mention in this article of the impersonal passive voice (as in Dutch, Er wordt geklopt = lit, "there became knocked" = "There was a knock [at the door].")—with a link to that article for fuller treatment? If not, why not? J. D. Crutchfield | Talk 16:23, 13 April 2015 (UTC)

 * except that 'er' is a pronoun for 'deur' which is masculine. Stjohn1970 (talk) 02:12, 14 August 2023 (UTC)

Russian impersonal adjunct example
The section "Impersonal verb in various languages" mentions that in some languages impersonal verbs will allow objects to appear as an instrumental adjunct, such as British English "It was pouring with rain."

It also gives the Russian example

Весь декабрь лил дождь.

This is not an example of an instrumental adjunct. The object "дождь" (rain) here is syntactically the subject of the verb "лил" (poured). If "дождь" were an instrumental adjunct, it would be expressed as

Весь декабрь лил дождём. *

which, as far as I can tell, is ungrammatical. Can we replace this example with a real one? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 221.215.1.253 (talk) 06:52, 27 January 2016 (UTC)

"(5) It is unclear why he cut the rope."
Is this really an impersonal verb phrase? I'm genuinely curious because I am trying to fully understand the concept of impersonal verbs, but to me this example doesn't fit in with the rest. Let me explain why! To preface, I'm not saying the entry / example is wrong, as I honestly don't know, but I am starting this discussion which aims to seek for clarification or ultimately arrive to the conclusion that it isn't an impersonal verb phrase.

Postcedents: "why he cut the rope" is a postcedent. In other words, there is still a reference which we could replace  with, unlike in the other four examples: "why he cut the rope is unclear" or "the reason why he cut the rope is unclear".

A few more comparable examples
 * "it is beyond me how they lost" = "how they lost is beyond me".
 * "it is unhealthy to smoke" = "smoking is unhealthy" (the morphology is different, nonetheless  clearly refers to, a postcedent).
 * "man, it sucks that you didn't graduate" = "man, that you didn't graduate sucks", or we could paraphrase it to the more natural sounding "man, you not graduating sucks", but in any case,  still clearly refers to something: the idea of "you not graduating".
 * "it isn't known where the treasure is hidden" = "where the treasure is hidden isn't known"

Yet on the other hand, there is no way that we could find a way to replace  in "it seems that there is no end to this", though we could in a sentence like, "it seems crazy that they lost" = "that they lost seems crazy" / "them losing seems crazy". I mean we could say, "there seems to be no end to this", but clearly has no reference which we could replace it with either, as can also function as a dummy subject. Thus, in example 4 to me seems impersonal as well, like the prior 3 examples, because  or really don't refer to anything, yet example 5 doesn't, because  does refer to something, despite being stated before it.  is used as a place-holding dummy subject, but does that alone make it impersonal? It still refers to a postcedent.

Anyway, I hope to read a response soon!
 * @B23Rich This is WP:NOTAFORUM for discussion about impersonal verbs, but rather a page for suggesting improvements for the article. I agree that the section should be rewritten or modified to be more clear, and to cite reliable sources inline; feel free to jump in and make edits based on reliable journal articles. I don't have a personal opinion on whether "it is unclear" is the use of an impersonal verb; from Wikipedia's point of view it is an impersonal verb if and only if the cited sources judge it to be an impersonal verb. As always, parts of speech are fuzzy and debatable categories. The question is not simply whether the subject could be replaced by a referent, but the more difficult one of whether the language-processing parts of our brains act as though there is a referent when we compose or read the sentence. Rolf H Nelson (talk) 23:12, 24 March 2018 (UTC)

"monopersonal verbs"?
This term is so rare that it is perhaps not used by native speakers, but some linguists that are apparently not native English speakers seem to use it, and it was perhaps used by native English speakers in the past. I.e. Ngram Viewer finds absolutely no use in English, but Google Books finds some examples, e.g. this and this, and it's used once on Wikipedia (Alyutor language). --Espoo (talk) 12:04, 18 December 2019 (UTC)

Why it is raining is not nominative case
Because I think there is no object ☺☺ 103.240.99.61 (talk) 03:24, 1 February 2023 (UTC)

motive
It* was Danish linguist Otto Jespersen who, in 1924, published his work "The Philosophy of Grammar" where he brings up 'impersonal'. I would be surprised if Danish had an 'impersonal' aspect. And so did Jespersen overlook something? Namely, did he not make a connection between the similarity of the Dutch 'het' sounding a lot like 'it'? Could that phenomenon, a morphological one, (from 'het' to 'it') not be behind this? "het"is primarily used as the definite article for neuter nouns. The origin of "het" can be traced back to the Old Dutch word "thet," from Old High German "daz" or "thaz". In sum, "it" MUST relate (back) to SOMETHING. 'impersonal' is a fictive term used for something you can explain, but for which some feel they can conjure a thesis.

 * here in my sentence I [will have]used 'it' to mean 'some rationale'.

Finally, who can explain what 'weather' is, or why the god of wind and rain (Indra) was cast out? Stjohn1970 (talk) 02:32, 14 August 2023 (UTC)

Why mention Welsh in the title and give examples in Spanish and Portuguese?
Why is:

”Verbs meaning existence may also be impersonal.”

followed by examples from ES an PT under a title referring to CY?Redav (talk) 10:03, 4 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Impersonal verb


text:
Talk:Hume (Final Fantasy XI)

Previously redirected to: Talk:Final Fantasy XI

title: Talk:Hume (Final Fantasy XI)


text:
Commissioner of Internal Revenue

The Commissioner of Internal Revenue is the head of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), an agency within the United States Department of the Treasury.

The office of Commissioner was created by Congress as part of the Revenue Act of 1862. Section 7803 of the Internal Revenue Code provides for the appointment of a Commissioner of Internal Revenue to administer and supervise the execution and application of the internal revenue laws. The Commissioner is appointed by the President of the United States, with the consent of the U.S. Senate, for a five-year term.

Daniel Werfel is the current Commissioner of Internal Revenue, having been sworn in on March 13, 2023. Werfel is the 50th Commissioner to serve in the position since it was created.

Responsibilities
The Commissioner's duties include administering, managing, conducting, directing, and supervising "the execution and application of the internal revenue laws or related statutes and tax conventions to which the United States is a party" and advising the President on the appointment and removal of a Chief Counsel of the IRS. Treasury Order 150-10 states in relevant part: "The Commissioner of Internal Revenue shall be responsible for the administration and enforcement of the Internal Revenue laws." The Commissioner reports to the Secretary of the Treasury through the Deputy Secretary of the Treasury.

One of the Commissioner's most important responsibilities with respect to the internal revenue laws is setting the Treasury Regulations administered by the IRS. The U.S. Treasury Regulations provide (in part):

 * (a) Issuance. --The Commissioner, with the approval of the United States Secretary of the Treasury, or his delegate, shall prescribe all needful rules and all rules and regulations as may be necessary by reason of any alteration of law in relation to internal revenue.

However, the General Counsel of the Department of the Treasury has "the authority to approve all regulations pertaining to the internal revenue laws, including the authority to ratify and approve, where necessary, any such regulations previously issued."

Current and past commissioners
The following lists Commissioners of Internal Revenue, in chronological order:

title: Commissioner of Internal Revenue


text:
Standard gravity

The standard acceleration of gravity or standard acceleration of free fall, often called simply standard gravity and denoted by $ɡ_{0}$ or $ɡ_{n}$, is the nominal gravitational acceleration of an object in a vacuum near the surface of the Earth. It is a constant defined by standard as 9.80665 m/s2. This value was established by the 3rd General Conference on Weights and Measures (1901, CR 70) and used to define the standard weight of an object as the product of its mass and this nominal acceleration. The acceleration of a body near the surface of the Earth is due to the combined effects of gravity and centrifugal acceleration from the rotation of the Earth (but the latter is small enough to be negligible for most purposes); the total (the apparent gravity) is about 0.5% greater at the poles than at the Equator.

Although the symbol $ɡ$ is sometimes used for standard gravity, $ɡ$ (without a suffix) can also mean the local acceleration due to local gravity and centrifugal acceleration, which varies depending on one's position on Earth (see Earth's gravity). The symbol $ɡ$ should not be confused with $G$, the gravitational constant, or g, the symbol for gram. The $ɡ$ is also used as a unit for any form of acceleration, with the value defined as above; see g-force.

The value of $ɡ_{0}$ defined above is a nominal midrange value on Earth, originally based on the acceleration of a body in free fall at sea level at a geodetic latitude of 45°. Although the actual acceleration of free fall on Earth varies according to location, the above standard figure is always used for metrological purposes. In particular, since it is the ratio of the kilogram-force and the kilogram, its numeric value when expressed in coherent SI units is the ratio of the kilogram-force and the newton, two units of force.

History
Already in the early days of its existence, the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) proceeded to define a standard thermometric scale, using the boiling point of water. Since the boiling point varies with the atmospheric pressure, the CIPM needed to define a standard atmospheric pressure. The definition they chose was based on the weight of a column of mercury of 760 mm. But since that weight depends on the local gravity, they now also needed a standard gravity. The 1887 CIPM meeting decided as follows:

"The value of this standard acceleration due to gravity is equal to the acceleration due to gravity at the International Bureau (alongside the Pavillon de Breteuil) divided by 1.0003322, the theoretical coefficient required to convert to a latitude of 45° at sea level."

All that was needed to obtain a numerical value for standard gravity was now to measure the gravitational strength at the International Bureau. This task was given to Gilbert Étienne Defforges of the Geographic Service of the French Army. The value he found, based on measurements taken in March and April 1888, was 9.80991(5) m⋅s−2.

This result formed the basis for determining the value still used today for standard gravity. The third General Conference on Weights and Measures, held in 1901, adopted a resolution declaring as follows:

"The value adopted in the International Service of Weights and Measures for the standard acceleration due to Earth's gravity is 980.665 cm/s2, value already stated in the laws of some countries."

The numeric value adopted for $ɡ_{0}$ was, in accordance with the 1887 CIPM declaration, obtained by dividing Defforges's result – 980.991 cm⋅s−2 in the cgs system then en vogue – by 1.0003322 while not taking more digits than warranted considering the uncertainty in the result.

title: Standard gravity


text:
User talk:Chokozilla

Hello there. I am a Wikipedia member. Feel free to post anything on this page regarding anything I have posted or edited.

title: User talk:Chokozilla


text:
Talk:Liquid helium

From PNA/Physics

 * Liquid helium Could use a lot of info, such as uses of liquid helium and some technical informations and charts.
 * Should be merged with Helium and Superfluid, I think. Zaha 15:57, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I've taken a stab at rewriting and expanding this article. It would be nice if phase diagrams could be included. The article could be merged with Helium, but liquid helium is not always superfluid, especially in its commercial applications; so it would not be appropriate to merge it with Superfluid.  M. S. Pettersen, 29 Sep 2004.

I removed this sentence: "Solid helium requires a temperature of 1–1.5 K and about 26 standard atmospheres (2.6 MPa) of pressure [ref: Natures Building Blocks, page 178]"  Helium cam solidify at temperatures outside this range, so temperatures of 1-1.5 K are not required; and the pressure required depends on whether you're talking about helium-3 or helium-4. The correct information about the melting pressure is given in the table (see the cited reference by Wilks). (Wilks' book is a professional monograph, while Nature's Building Blocks is a popularizing work, which is either wrong, or misquoted here). 67.186.28.212 15:14, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

I'm Pretty sure it is entropy, not enthalpy that causes the phase separation. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.58.39.25 (talk) 01:00, 11 May 2008 (UTC)

Reviewed external Links
YouTube links appear to be legitimate in that they appar to be intended for educational purposed and there is no indication that they are intended for a profit making purpose.--Spartaz 19:33, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

I removed the last paragraph. The fact that only 1 organism is known to survive 3K (whether true or not)I find irrelevant and (much more troubling) misleading. At temperatures much below 100K water in both the glass and crystaline form is stable. There is nothing unique about 3K. This paragraph implies there is something especially harsh about cooling a living organism to 3K. Basically the viability of your cells depends on how successful you are getting the cells into a vitrified state (e.g. by ultra rapid cooling to <100K). At temperatures below 100K, the molecular structure is stable. Basically anything you can cool and revive to 70K (liquid nitrogen) temperature (a wide variety of cells and organisms) could be further cooled to 3K with no effect on viability. Thus one can expect many (single cell at any rate) organisms to survive 3K. 173.79.64.128 (talk) 06:40, 2 July 2009 (UTC)

Onnes liquified helium in 1908
Yes, Onnes liquified HELIUM in 1908, not "helium-4".

In 1908, NOBODY had any idea what different isotopes of the same element were -- because nobody knew anything about isotopes. They had not been discovered, yet. Furthermore, in 1908, none of these had been discovered either: 1. Protons 2. Neutrons 3. Stable and radioactive isotopes 4. The atomic nucleus 5. The mass spectrometer

5. Even the electron had only been discovered by J.J. Thompson in 1897. 6. The existence of the proton was not even suspected until Sir Ernest Rutherford did a lot of experiments and he started to think that there might be protons in about 1917. 7. The discovery of the neutron came years after this, in 1932. 8. Nobody even knew that hydrogen consisted mostly of hydrogen-1 plus a small minority of hydrogen-2 (deuterium) until Harold C. Urey of the University of Chicago separated out some heavy water in about 1930. That was an experiment that took many months and A LOT of electicity to do. 9. You can look up when helium-3 was discovered, but it wasn't early. 98.67.163.16 (talk) 21:35, 22 July 2012 (UTC)

Merger into Helium article?
User:Beland marked the article with a proposed merger into the Helium article. I'd disagree, and indeed, suggest moving some of the liquid detail in the Helium article here. The Helium article by itself is already quite long, we should be looking at splitting chunks of it off, not merging stuff into it. Regards, Tarl.Neustaedter (talk) 22:13, 8 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Sounds like a good idea to me; I changed the tag from merge to sync. -- Beland (talk) 02:50, 10 June 2013 (UTC)

English equivalents
Because not everybody uses metric, it would best to include English equivalents. 162.231.1.130 (talk) 18:49, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

 * If you're dealing with liquid helium, you're doing fairly extreme science or engineering. Those fields are so firmly metric that there's no point in non-metric units. Ounces per gallon (even more, *troy* ounces, without specifying whether it's imperial or US gallon) is just meaningless for a fluid that isn't available to anyone outside such a dedicated cryogenics facility. Tarl.Neustaedter (talk) 02:32, 7 November 2014 (UTC)

 * So you're saying scientists don't use English at all in this subject even if they're in a country where English is use in other things? 173.55.37.52 (talk) 23:56, 19 January 2016 (UTC)
 * They don't use traditional English measurements on this subject. You generally don't borrow a kitchen measuring cup in a lab with liquid helium, so the usual measurement units are liter and gram. Tarl.Neustaedter (talk) 07:20, 20 January 2016 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 11:52, 15 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Helium Liquefier (LHP50).jpg

title: Talk:Liquid helium


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Perseus (Movie)

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Paul August ☎ 03:45, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

Perseus (Movie)

 * Delete Varity High school Student Film Says in Article.Good writing though Shame. --Aranda56 02:17, 25 August 2005 (UTC).
 * Delete - Not notable film - Tεx  τ  urε  20:58, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete- It's a good article but its subject is just nn. --22:26, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Caesar IV

Screenshot looks great!
I added permitted use copyright statement to the image page per Wikipedia policy. -- Sitearm | Talk 02:17, 2005 August 25 (UTC)

Why was the stub changed?
The "strategy or puzzle" game stub is, IMHO, less accurate than the "computer or video game" stub that was here before.Extreme Unction 16:33, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Good question! I checked and, currently, city building games are indeed listed as a sub-genre under strategy games in Wikipedia. There is no city-building cvg-stub template (and while it would be easy to add, I don't think we need one because it's too detailed) so the strategy-cvg-stub is actually the more accurate specific fit. If someone adds a few more paragraphs with current known facts, now or maybe after the game is released in a year, the stub note can be removed anyway. -- Sitearm | Talk 17:20, 2005 August 28 (UTC)

COOL! I am so happy! --M. Pokrajac 21:31, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

Removed link
I removed the link below and replaced it with the link to the demo.

Download Caesar IV Official Trailer http://www.fileplanet.com/165468/160000/fileinfo/Caesar-IV-Official-Trailer-%5BQuicktime%5D

Feel free to add the above link again. --Starionwolf 18:12, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Unnecessary Links?
Wouldn't the 2 links under the See Also section leading to articles on computer and video games and the portal for video games be a tad unnecessary? If not then shouldn't all articles on video games have these links? Songjin 07:45, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Caesar IV


text:
Talk:Final Fantasy XI: Rise of the Zilart

Should this really have its own Wikipedia page? Look at how short the article is... couldn't someone just merge it with the Final Fantasy XI article? Just a thought... 199.1.40.18 23:48, 24 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Final Fantasy XI: Chains of Promathia

Should this really have its own Wikipedia page? Look at how short the article is... couldn't someone just merge it with the Final Fantasy XI article? Just a thought... 199.1.40.18 23:47, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

I do believe it deserves its own page but i agree it is not long enough to be considered a good article, ill poke around this week and see if i cant add some information.Tik 15:23, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

Added new areas
I've added a list of the new areas in this expansion, hopefully this will make the article at least a little longer ;) Halliwell3 20:37, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

Reception
I'm going to remove the Reception section as POV and original research very soon unless someone can source it and NPOV it (which I doubt). The reference tag has been up for quite some time now. -RaCha'ar 05:45, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

Well, to his defence, everything that is written there is true, although I know it doesn't help much unless it can be confirmed. Halliwell3 01:41, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh, I'm not questioning the veracity of it, but unless there's an article to source it from it's all hearsay and opinion anyway. -RaCha'ar 12:56, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, I'll try to look for some appropriate sites that we can use to confirm this. But what kinds of articles are valid? Are comments on the Allakhazam forum valid, for example? I'll look through Playonline sites as well, but they're usually very vague about these things. Halliwell3 14:19, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Since this will most likely always remain POV, since MMO RS are hard to find, i've removed it -- febtalk 18:06, 4 February 2007 (UTC)


text:
Ruth Rifkin

Ruth Rifkin (February 1, 1912 – July 24, 1989 ) was an American who worked for the predecessor agency which later became the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) during World War II. Rifkin also was a source for Golos-Bentley network of spies that worked for Soviet intelligence and was engaged in espionage on behalf of the Soviet Union.

title: Ruth Rifkin


text:
User:Johnpseudo

Articles I want to work on

 * Agricultural history of the United States
 * Agriculture in the United States
 * Policy template
 * Environmental_policy_of_the_United_States

Articles I've made

 * Northwestern University Wildcat Marching Band
 * Go U Northwestern
 * Fiber-optic communication
 * Erik Prince
 * LA Fitness
 * Operation Provide Hope
 * Operation Sea Angel
 * Operation New Arrivals
 * Operation New Life
 * Operations Safe Haven and Safe Passage
 * Operation Safe Haven (1957)
 * Christian Freedom International
 * Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation
 * Agriculture in China
 * Xiaotangshan
 * 2007 U.S. Farm Bill
 * America's Climate Security Act of 2007
 * United States federal budget, 2008
 * Agricultural policy of the United States
 * Environmental policy of the United States
 * Template:United States policy
 * EMS Technologies
 * Policies of the United States

title: User:Johnpseudo


text:
Palmyra (modern)

Palmyra (تَدْمُر; Palmyrene: 𐡶𐡣𐡬𐡥𐡴 Tadmor) is a city in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate. It is located in an oasis in the middle of the Syrian Desert 215 km northeast of Damascus and 180 km southwest of the Euphrates River. The ruins of ancient Palmyra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are situated about 500 m southwest of the modern city centre. Relatively isolated, the nearest localities include Arak to the east, Al-Sukhnah further to the northeast, Tiyas to the west and al-Qaryatayn to the southwest.

Palmyra is the administrative centre of the Tadmur District and the Tadmur Subdistrict. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), the city had a population of 51,323 and the subdistrict a population of 55,062 in the 2004 census. Tadmur's inhabitants were recorded to be predominantly Sunni Muslims in 1838. It has a small Christian community. The city has a Syriac Catholic Church, which is the only church in the city. During the Syrian Civil War, the city's population significantly increased due to the influx of internally displaced refugees from other parts of the country.

Name
In Arabic, both cities are known as 'Tadmur'. Tadmur is the Semitic and earliest attested native name of the city; it appeared in the first half of the second millennium BC. The etymology of "Tadmur" is vague; Albert Schultens considered it to be derived from the Semitic word for dates ("Tamar"), in reference to the palm trees that surround the city. 13th century Syrian geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi states Tadmur was the name of the daughter of one of Noah's distant descendants and that she was buried in the city.

In English and other European languages, the ancient and modern cities are commonly known as "Palmyra". The name "Palmyra" appeared during the early first century AD, in the works of Pliny the Elder, and was used throughout the Greco-Roman world. The general view holds that "Palmyra" is derived from "Tadmur" either as an alteration, which was supported by Schultens, or as a translation using the Greek word for palm ("palame", παλάμη), which is supported by Jean Starcky. Michael Patrick O'Connor argued for a Hurrian origin of both "Palmyra" and "Tadmur", citing the incapability of explaining the alterations to the theorized roots of both names, which are represented in the adding of a -d- to "Tamar" and a -ra- to "palame". According to this theory, "Tadmur" is derived from the Hurrian word "tad", meaning "to love", + a typical Hurrian mid vowel rising (mVr) formant "mar". "Palmyra" is derived from the word "pal", meaning "to know", + the same mVr formant "mar".

There is a Syriac etymology for Tadmor, referring to dmr "to wonder", and Tedmurtā (Aramaic: ܬܕܡܘܪܬܐ) "Miracle"; thus Tadmūra means "object of wonder", most recently affirmed by Franz Altheim and Ruth Altheim-Stiehl (1973), but rejected by Jean Starcky (1960) and Michał Gawlikowski (1974).

History

In 1929, Henri Arnold Seyrig, the general director of antiquities in the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, started excavating the ruins of Palmyra and forcibly displaced the villagers to a government-built village, adjacent to the ancient site. The relocation was completed in 1932, making the ancient city of Palmyra ready for excavations, while the residents settled in the new village of the same name.

On 13 May 2015, the militant terrorist organization Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) launched an attack on the modern town, raising fears that the iconoclastic group would destroy the historic city. On 18 May ISIL captured the city, with their forces entering the area of the World Heritage Site several days later.

In May 2015 ISIL destroyed the tomb of Mohammed bin Ali, a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad's cousin Ali, and a site revered by Shia Muslims, and sometime between then and 23 June destroyed the tomb of Nizar Abu Bahaaeddine, a Sufi scholar who lived in Palmyra in the 16th century. Abu Bahaaeddine's tomb was situated in an oasis about 500 m from Palmyra's main ancient ruins. Mohammed bin Ali's tomb was located in a mountainous region 3 mi north of Palmyra. Ten days prior to the tombs' destruction, ISIL destroyed a number of tombstones at a local cemetery for Palmyra's residents. ISIL is also reported to have placed explosives around Palmyra. They also destroyed the Temple of Baalshamin in mid 2015.

In March 2016 a large-scale offensive by the SAA (supported by Hezbollah and Russian airstrikes) initially regained the areas south and west of the city. After capturing the orchards and the area north of the city, the assault on the city began. In the early morning hours of the 27th of March 2016, the Syrian military forces regained full control over the city. In December 2016, ISIS retook the oilfields outside of the city, and began moving back into the city center.

On 1 March 2017, the Syrian army backed by warplanes, had entered to Palmyra and captured the western and northern western sections of the city amid information about pulling back by ISIS from the city. The next day, the Syrian Army recaptured the entire city of Palmyra, after ISIL fully withdrew from the city.

On 19 April 2021, the Russian Defence Ministry announced that it had killed "up to 200 fighters", by targeting a "terrorist" base northeast of Palmyra.

Economy
Palmyra is a modern resettlement of the ancient city of Palmyra, which developed adjacently to the north of the ancient ruins. The modern city is built along a grid pattern. Quwatli Street is the main road and runs east-west, starting from the Saahat al-Ra'is Square on the western edge of the town. The city served as a base for tourists visiting the ruins. It has a museum in the southwestern part of the city. Syria holds an annual cultural festival in Tadmur celebrating the city's ancient heritage. The Palmyra Airport is located here. The city is also home to the Tadmur Prison, which has historically held numerous opponents of the various Syrian governments.

Palmyra also serves as a center for Syria's phosphate mining and natural gas industries. The first phosphate mine run by the government was established near Tadmur and started production in 1971. Work to connect Tadmur's phosphate mines to the port of Tartus began in 1978. In 1986 Soviet surveyors discovered large iron ore deposits in the vicinity of Tadmur.

title: Palmyra (modern)


text:
Template talk:Green

Edit request
Please remove the usage section and replace it with the  template as I've created a documentation subpage at Template:Green/doc. A specific description of the request follows below. Thanks.

Change this:

Usage
My <nowiki>&#123;&#123;green|color&#125;&#125;</nowiki> text. Produces: &nbsp;&nbsp;My color text.

es:Plantilla:Verde ro:Format:Green

To this:

--Lightsup55 ( T | C ) 18:31, 23 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done - Rjd0060 (talk) 02:28, 24 January 2009 (UTC)

Subst
Shouldn't this be substituted?—  nerd fighter  00:53, 27 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Green