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High Court enforcement officer

A High Court enforcement officer (HCEO) is an officer of the High Court of England and Wales responsible for enforcing judgements of the High Court, often by seizing goods or repossessing property. Prior to 2004, HCEOs were known as sheriff's officers and were responsible for enforcing High Court writs on behalf of the high sheriff for each county, but they are now directly responsible for such writs. HCEOs operate only in England and Wales.

Role and history
High Court enforcement officers are authorised by the Lord Chancellor, and assigned to one of a number of enforcement districts. Historically they would be assigned to the shrieval county (roughly the historic shire) of the corresponding high sheriff, but under the Courts Act 2003, this connection is severed and the districts are not necessarily conterminous with the shrievalty. The officers retain the common law powers of a sheriff, and, like the sheriff previously, can delegate this authority to others acting in their presence and on their behalf; every constable is obliged, upon their request, to assist them in executing a writ.

Power of the High Court
Unlike a County Court bailiff, who is an officer of a lower court, an HCEO is an officer of the High Court, and consequently has much greater power.

No notice is required to the party on which the writ is executed; commercial premises can be broken into by the officer by any means they choose; and once present in a property they cannot be forcibly removed.

Obstructing an HCEO in the execution of a writ is considered to amount to a contempt of court, as was historically the case with sheriff's officers.

Writs
The most common writ is the writ of control, known until 2014 as a writ of fieri facias. This writ is essentially for debt collection, but it actually takes the form of an order to the officers to seize goods from the judgment debtor worth a particular amount of money; the HCEO will attend the debtor's premises, seize the goods, and then sell them at auction.

Once the writ is awarded, the judgment debtor can avoid the removal and sale of assets by either paying in full or agreeing to a repayment plan. If they take this action, the assets will still technically remain seized and belong to the court until the debt is fully cleared, but are normally left in situ under a walking-possession agreement. Any proposed repayment schedule will have to be agreed by the claimant. Should the judgment debtor subsequently default on a payment, the claimant can instruct the HCEO to attend to remove and sell the seized assets; if the debtor disposes of the assets, they are committing contempt of court.

The debt does not need to be argued in the High Court; provided the amount owed is at least £600 (in 2014), the debt did not arise in a matter covered by the Consumer Credit Act 1974, and payment has not been made within the specified time, a County Court judgment can be transferred to the High Court for enforcement. The High Court fee for issuing a writ of control is £71; together with the HCEO's fees, this £71 court fee is added by the writ to the amount to be recovered from the debtor.

title: High Court enforcement officer


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Grant Building (Pittsburgh)

The Grant Building is 40-story, 147.8 m skyscraper at 310 Grant Street in downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The building was completed and opened on February 1, 1929 at a cost of $5.5 million ($0 million today). The Art Deco building's facade is built with Belgian granite, limestone, and brick. It was famous for a radio antenna that rose roughly 100 – from the roof of the tower and had an aviation beacon that spelled out .--. .. - - ... -... ..- .-. --. .... or P-I-T-T-S-B-U-R-G-H in Morse Code. The beacon could be seen as far away as 150 mi on clear nights. A smaller version of the beacon, still flashing out the name of the city remains to this day, although malfunctions with the relay switch caused it to spell "P-I-T-E-T-S-B-K-R-R-H", and eventually "T-P-E-B-T-S-A-U-R-G-H" before being repaired on July 27, 2009.

The tower on the roof also served as the broadcast antenna for radio station KDKA Pittsburgh which made the first commercially licensed radio broadcast on election night of 1920. At 7:00 AM on its 14th birthday (February 2, 1934), the radio station inaugurated new studios on the Grant Building's third floor.

Huntington National Bank, which operates a branch inside the tower, owns the signage rights, giving them two signs in the Pittsburgh skyline alongside Centre City Tower where Huntington has their Western Pennsylvania headquarters.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Grant Building (Pittsburgh)


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HMS Sapphire

Eight ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Sapphire, after the Sapphire, a precious gemstone:

 * HMS Sapphire (1651) was a 34-gun ship launched in 1651 and run ashore to avoid capture in 1671.
 * HMS Sapphire (1675) was a 32-gun fifth-rate frigate launched in 1675 and scuttled by her captain (Capt. Thomas Cleasby) to prevent capture by the French in 1696.
 * HMS Sapphire (1708) was a 42-gun fourth rate launched in 1708, hulked in 1740 and sold in 1745.
 * HMS Sapphire (1741) was a 44-gun fifth rate launched in 1741. She was reduced to 32 guns in 1756 to 1758 and relaunched as:
 * HMS Sapphire (1758) was a 32-gun frigate built by Adam Hayes at Deptford
 * HMS Sapphire (1806) was an 18-gun sloop launched in 1806 and sold in 1822.
 * HMS Sapphire (1827) was a 28-gun sixth rate launched in 1827 and sold in 1864.
 * HMS Sapphire (1874) was an Amethyst-class corvette wooden screw corvette launched in 1874 and sold in 1892.
 * HMS Sapphire (1904) was a Topaze-class cruiser third-class protected cruiser launched in 1904 and sold for scrap in 1921.
 * HMT Sapphire (1935) was an ASW trawler (P.No.T.27) sold on 9 April 1946 and scrapped at Stavanger, Norway in June 1970.

title: HMS Sapphire


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Battle of Atapuerca

The Battle of Atapuerca was fought on 1 September 1054 at the site of Piedrahita ("standing stone") in the valley of Atapuerca between two brothers, King García Sánchez III of Navarre and King Ferdinand I of Castile.

The Castilians won and King García and his favourite Fortún Sánchez were killed in battle. Ferdinand reannexed Navarrese territory he conceded to García 17 years earlier after his brother's assistance at Pisuerga.

Precedents
After the death of Sancho III of Navarre, his empire was divided. García, the eldest son, received the Kingdom of Navarre, while younger son Ferdinand already controlled what was then the County of Castile, owing fealty to his brother-in-law, Bermudo III of León. In 1037, with Garcia's help, Ferdinand defeated and killed the childless Bermudo at the battle of Tamarón, and claimed the crown of León in right of his wife, Bermudo's sister, being crowned in 1038. He rewarded García by ceding to him Castilian territories from Oca to the gates of Burgos, from Briviesca to the valley of Urbel, from Castrobarto to Bricia, and from the Nervión River to Santander.

Chronicon Silense
The monk of Silos wrote several decades later that an envious García attacked Ferdinand who was visiting him at Nájera during his illness. After recovering, García paid a return visit to Ferdinand to make peace. King Ferdinand put him in chains and locked him in a tower in Cea. However, the Navarrese escaped and declared war, rejecting the Castilian embassies.

García was buried in the nearby village of Agés and his tomb was recently discovered in the church there.

The hosts of Castile and León were in Atapuerca, three leagues eastwards from Burgos, already in Navarre.

García had with him Moorish auxiliary troops and maybe his brother king Ramiro I of Aragon.

Annals of Compostela
The Annales compostellani attribute the death of García to one knight of his, Sancho Fortún, "whom he [the king], had offended with his wife". Several in the Navarrese retinue preferred death in combat, and also the murderer, lord of Funes, Navarre, died in battle.

Crónica Najerense
The Crónica Najerense mentions relatives of Vermudo, who furiously engaged García, disobeying Ferdinand's instructions to take him alive.

The Navarrese kept however their places until night and took the corpse to bury him in Nájera. The proclaimed on the spot the new king, an adolescent Sancho de Peñalén.

Other version
Ferdinand is in this version the reckless brother and covets the "Asturias of Santander", Old Castile, Briviesca and Rioja. Ferdinand visited his ill brother, but suspecting him fled. García visited an ill Ferdinand then, wishing to dispel his suspicions, but was locked in Cea. Upon escaping, he took his troops and some Moors into Castile. In Atapuerca the peace talks failed. Two traitor soldiers (one of them, Sancho Fortún), wounded him lethally. Ferdinand conceded the transport of the corpse to Nájera, took Briviesca, Montes de Oca and part of Rioja. The border of Navarre was set by the Ebro, and the new king Sancho IV of Navarre became Ferdinand's vassal.

El Cid?
Some sources mention El Cid as one of the battlers, but being born on 1043 or 1048 he would be too young.

Later history
In 1940 a commemorative inscription was carved on a 6,000-year-old menhir at the site.

Since 1996, the people of Atapuerca and neighbour towns reenact the battle on the last or previous Sunday of August.

title: Battle of Atapuerca


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Talk:Population cycle

Vote for Deletion
This article survived a Vote for Deletion. The discussion can be found here. -Splash 00:15, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Population cycle


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Hans Baur

Johannes 'Hans' Baur (19 June 1897 – 17 February 1993) was Adolf Hitler's pilot during the political campaigns of the early 1930s. He began his aviation career as a flying ace in World War I. He later became Hitler's personal pilot and leader of the Reichsregierung squadron. Apprehended by the Soviet Union at the end of World War II in Europe, he was imprisoned in the Soviet Union for ten years. He died in Herrsching, Bavaria, in 1993.

World War I and interwar period
Baur was born in Ampfing, Kingdom of Bavaria. He was called up to the Bavarian Army in 1915, and trained in field artillery. He then joined the Luftstreitkräfte (air force) as an artillery spotter. In 1918, Baur served in FA 295 as an Unteroffizier pilot of two-seater Hannover CL.III ground attack aircraft. His observer was Leutnant Georg Ritter von Hengl. Baur was credited with six confirmed and three unconfirmed victories against French aircraft beginning 17 July 1918. Vizefeldwebel Baur was awarded the Iron Cross First Class and the Bavarian Silver Bravery Medal for attacking a French formation of seven and downing two of the SPADs that day. Baur would score his last victories on 29 October 1918.

After the war, he joined the Freikorps under Franz von Epp. He went on to become a courier flier for the Bavarian airmail service. Beginning in 1922, he was a pilot for Bayrische Luftlloyd, and then Junkers. In 1926, Baur became a pilot of Deutsche Luft Hansa. In the same year, he also became a member of the NSDAP (Nazi Party No. 48,113). On 1 April 1931, he flew the opening flight of the Berlin-Munich-Rome route, known as the Alpine flight, whose passengers included Nuntius Eugenio Pacelli, Arturo Toscanini and Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria.

Hitler's personal pilot
Hitler was the first politician to campaign by air travel, deciding that travel by plane was more efficient than travel by railway. Baur first served as his pilot during the 1932 General Election.

Hitler obtained his first private aeroplane, a Junkers Ju 52/3m with registration number D-2600 (Werk Nr. 4021), in 1933, after becoming German Chancellor. The same registration number continued to be used for all aircraft used by Hitler, even during the war years. The Ju 52 was named Immelmann II after the First World War pilot Max Immelmann. Baur was personally selected by Hitler to be his official pilot in 1933 and was consequently released from service by Luft Hansa.

Fliegerstaffel des Führers

Baur was appointed head of Hitler's personal squadron, initially based at Oberwiesenfeld, Munich. As the Luftwaffe was not yet officially established, Hitler wanted Baur to be able to command sufficient power and respect to assure his security, therefore, Baur was commissioned a Standartenführer (colonel) in the Schutzstaffel (SS No. 171,865) by Heinrich Himmler in October, 1933.

Baur was given the task of expanding and organising Hitler's personal squadron and the government "flying group". In 1934, Baur was promoted to the rank of SS-Oberführer. Hitler allowed Baur to fill his squadron with experienced Luft Hansa pilots, including Georg Betz who became co-pilot for Hitler's aircraft and Hans Baur's substitute. By 1937, Hitler had three Ju 52 airplanes for flight use. Then in 1937, Hitler obtained a new aircraft, the Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor which was named, "Immelmann III". The Condor had a much greater range and was faster than the Ju 52. In 1942, an improved model of the Condor was put into use for Hitler's travels and Baur continued to be his primary pilot. A Ju 290 was assigned to Hitler's renamed squadron, Fliegerstaffel des Führers (FdF) in late 1944. Modifications were completed by February 1945 at the FdF's base at Pocking, Bavaria. Baur tested the aircraft, but Hitler never flew in it. Still by the end of the war, Baur commanded a total of 40 different aircraft, including Ju 52, Condors, Ju 290 and the little Fieseler Fi 156 Storch.

Although he tried to convert Baur to vegetarianism, Hitler also invited him to the Reich Chancellery for his favourite meal of pork and dumplings for his 40th birthday, and gave him a Mercedes-Benz to replace his personal Ford.

Führerbunker and Soviet detention
On 31 January 1944, Baur was promoted to SS-Brigadeführer (brigadier general) and major general of the police; and on 24 February 1945, he became an SS-Gruppenführer (major general) and Generalleutnant of the Police.

During the last days of the war, Baur was with Hitler in the Führerbunker. Baur had devised a plan to allow Hitler to escape from the Battle of Berlin; a Fieseler Fi 156 Storch was held on standby which could take off from an improvised airstrip in the Tiergarten, near the Brandenburg Gate. However, Hitler refused to leave Berlin. On 26 April 1945, the improvised landing strip was used by Hanna Reitsch to fly in Colonel-General Robert Ritter von Greim, appointed by Hitler as head of the Luftwaffe after Hermann Göring's dismissal. During the evening of 28 April, Reitsch flew von Greim out on the same road-strip to Plön.

On 29 April 1945, the Soviet Red Army launched an all-out attack on the centre of Berlin. The Soviet artillery opened up with intense fire in and around the Reich Chancellery area. That evening in the bunker complex below the Chancellery garden, Hitler said his farewell to his personal pilots, Baur and Betz. Baur pleaded with Hitler to leave Berlin. The men volunteered to fly Hitler out of Germany in a Ju 390 and to safety. It was in vain as Hitler turned Baur down, stating he had to stay in Berlin.

Baur stayed in the bunker complex until Hitler killed himself on the afternoon of 30 April. After Hitler's suicide, Baur found the improvised road-strip too pot-holed for use and overrun by the Soviet 3rd Shock Army. A plan was devised to escape out from Berlin to the Allies on the western side of the Elbe or to the German Army to the North. SS-Brigadeführer Wilhelm Mohnke split up the Reich Chancellery and Führerbunker soldiers and personnel into ten main groups. Baur, Betz and Martin Bormann left the Reich Chancellery as part of one of the groups. During the escape attempt, Baur was shot in the legs, and the wound was so serious that his right lower leg was later amputated in Poznań on 10 June 1945, while a Soviet prisoner-of-war.

Baur was of great interest to his captors, who believed he might have flown Hitler to safety before the fall of Berlin. They also believed he had information concerning stolen art, specifically about the plundering of the Amber Room (Bernsteinzimmer) in Leningrad. He was taken to the Soviet Union and imprisoned there for ten years before being released on 10 October 1955.

Later life and book
Baur returned to West Germany and in 1957 wrote his autobiography Ich flog die Mächtigen der Erde (literally "I flew the mighty of the Earth"). Later, a lengthened version was published as Mit Mächtigen zwischen Himmel und Erde ("Between Heaven and Earth with the Mighty"). The French translation is titled J'étais pilote de Hitler: Le sort du monde était entre mes mains ("I was Hitler's pilot: The fate of the world was in my hands.").

The book is a collection of Baur's eyewitness accounts of Hitler's daily activities and conversations. It is unique because Baur, as his private pilot and personal friend, was in Hitler's presence practically every day from 1933 to 1945. The book also includes an account of the events surrounding the arrest of Ernst Röhm, by Hitler himself, on 30 June 1934 at Bad Wiessee in which Baur took part. The book tells of Baur's dislike for Göring (whom Baur describes as a "thick-headed glutton"). Baur was one of the few people who was truly close to Hitler and was one of the last people to see him alive in the Führerbunker. The book has since been translated into English – with the title "I was Hitler's Pilot" – and is an insider's account of Hitler's life and doings as leader of the German Reich.

Baur died in Germany on 17 February 1993.

Personal life
Hans Baur married Elfriede Baur in 1923. Their only daughter, Ingeborg, was born the following year. After Elfriede Baur's death from cancer in 1935, Baur married again, with Hitler as his best man. His second wife, Maria, by whom he had two daughters, died while he was in captivity in the Soviet Union. His third wife, Cresentia, survived him.

Decorations & awards

 * 1914 Iron Cross 2nd Class
 * 1914 Iron Cross 1st Class
 * Military Merit Cross (Bavaria) 3rd Class with Crown and Swords
 * Ehrenbecher für den Sieger im Luftkampf wiki Germany
 * Bavarian Military Merit Medal in Silver, July 1918
 * Pilot/Observer Badge
 * SA Sports Badge in Bronze, 1 December 1937
 * Degen (SS), 1 December 1937
 * Anschluss Medal
 * Sudetenland Medal
 * Danzig Cross 2nd Class, 24 October 1939
 * Golden Party Badge
 * SS Ehrendolch
 * Honour Chevron for the Old Guard
 * Order of the Crown (Romania), April 1942
 * Order of the Crown of King Zvonimir, 1943

title: Hans Baur


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Navajo white

Navajo White is an orangish white color, or pastel yellow orange, and derives its name from its similarity to the background color of the Navajo Nation flag. The name "Navajo White" is usually only used when referring to paint. Despite its name, the color is not a shade of white, but rather of yellow or of orange.

From the 1970s to the 1990s it was, along with the color bone, one of the standard interior paint colors used in many tract homes in the United States and especially apartment complexes. Like the color bone it does not easily show stains from cigarette smoke or fingerprints. In recent years it has lost favor to other shades of off-white, grey, and pastel colors.

In 1989, the color "Navajo white" was included in the X11 color list. As such, it became and continues to be (2019) part of the web colors.

title: Navajo white


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What's Up with Love? (2002 film)

What's Up with Love? (Ada Apa dengan Cinta?) is a 2002 Indonesian romantic drama film directed by Rudy Soedjarwo.

Plot
Cinta is a popular teenage girl living a comfortable lifestyle. She is gifted and accomplished, surrounded by a group of faithful friends consisting of the wise Alya, the tomboyish Karmen, the sassy Maura, and the ditzy Milly. She also has caring and supportive parents. The friends cry on each others' shoulders for Alya, who is the victim of domestic abuse by her father. Cinta recites the group's pledge to the buku curhat, a diary/scrapbook shared by the girls, that a problem one of them is going through is to be shared with all of them.

Cinta is a school poet who has been honored for her work, and, in her final year of high school, she submits a poem to the yearly poetry contest. However, much to the students' surprise, Cinta does not win - the grand prize in the contest is awarded to a boy named Rangga, whose name is not well known in the school. Rangga, rather than going to the podium to receive his prize, takes offence and retreats to a hiding spot. Cinta is somewhat jealous of Rangga's unexpected victory but is careful not to show it. This leads Cinta to search for Rangga and request an interview for the school bulletin. However, Rangga immediately detects insincerity in Cinta's congratulations and walks away, leaving Cinta to be irritated by his perceived arrogance. As it turns out, Rangga never entered his poem for the contest; it was submitted on his behalf by his only best friend, the school janitor Mr. Wardiman.

Cinta and Rangga start to dislike each other, and so do her friends. They briefly warm up to each other after Rangga thanks Cinta for returning his book. It doesn't last long since Rangga offends Cinta in a bookstore. When Rangga tries to apologize to Cinta the next day, he is beaten up by Borné, a guy who had been trying to start a relationship with Cinta. Rangga and Cinta start to become friends when Cinta visits Rangga in his house, where she discovers that Rangga lives in a lower-middle-class neighbourhood with his father Yusrizal, whose outspokenness has led to bomb threats from pro-government thugs. Moreover, his parents divorced because of his father's dismissal from a government office for exposing government corruption. Alya, who regularly tells Cinta her broken home problems, is the only one Cinta tells of her budding closeness with Rangga.

The secret friendship causes changes in Cinta's behaviour, resulting in problems with Cinta's group of girlfriends. She starts to regularly lie to her friends in order to spend more time with Rangga. The problem reaches its climax when Cinta ignores Alya's desperate request to talk with her because she is going on a date with Rangga. When she comes home, she is told that Alya is in the hospital because she attempted suicide. At the hospital, the friends realize that Cinta has been lying all along, straining their friendship. Thinking it was all her fault, Cinta then shuts Rangga out, hurting him. When Alya recovers, she discusses Rangga with Cinta, which Karmen, Maura, and Milly overhear and finally discover the formerly budding relationship between Cinta and Rangga. Cinta apologizes to them and Maura advises her to forget Rangga.

Cinta does so, and goes on with her life. Meanwhile, Karmen sees Rangga give Mr. Wardiman a goodbye hug. Noticing that Cinta has turned quiet and uncommunicative, her friends realize the error of their ways and Cinta confesses that she is in love with Rangga, but is not ready to admit it. Karmen tells her she doesn't have much time since she saw Rangga leave. Mr. Wardiman tells the girls that Rangga is heading to the airport. In a rush, they force their nerdy schoolmate Mamet to lend his car so they can go to the airport. Cinta manages to catch Rangga, as he and his father are moving to New York City. They profess their love for each other and share a kiss, but Rangga has to go, leaving Cinta heartbroken. Before departing, Rangga gives Cinta a book and tells her to read the last page. They bid each other one last farewell, and he boards the plane.

In the car, Cinta reads the last page, which contains a poem Rangga wrote about her. The last line says that he will return before the full moon. Suddenly, the girls freak out when they realize they have left Mamet at the airport.

Cast

 * Dian Sastrowardoyo as Cinta
 * Nicholas Saputra as Rangga
 * Ladya Cheryl as Alya
 * Titi Kamal as Maura
 * Sissy Priscillia as Milly
 * Adinia Wirasti as Karmen
 * Dennis Adhiswara as Mamet
 * Febian Ricardo as Borné
 * Mang Diman as Mr. Wardiman
 * Gito Rollies as Limbong

Release
The film was a very big commercial success in Indonesia.

title: What's Up with Love? (2002 film)


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User talk:Gamey91

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! -- Francs2000 | Talk 00:16, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Gamey91


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Vex Red

Vex Red are a band from Aldershot, England who merge hard rock with electronica.

1995-2003: Early years and Start with a Strong and Persistent Desire
Vex Red formed in 1995 in Aldershot, United Kingdom. The band self released two demo records in the late 1990s one titled "Vex Red" released in 1998 and the second "Sleep Does Nothing for You" the following year. Original band members were Sean Buckingham, Anthony Forbes, Keith Lambert, Nick Goulding and Dan Rice. In 1999 the band fired Buckingham and recruited vocalist and guitarist Terry Abbott to complete the line up. Entering into a demo tape competition by Kerrang! and Ross Robinson the band were quickly signed to Robinson's Virgin Records imprint, I Am.

In 2001 the band released their first single "Itch". The second single "Can't Smile" was delayed but was finally released on 18 February 2002. The single was a modest success charting at number 45 on the UK Singles Chart, spending two weeks in the top 100. The band's debut album produced by Ross Robinson, "Start with a Strong and Persistent Desire" was released on 4 March 2002. The album charted at number 48 on the UK Albums Chart and also spent two weeks on the chart.

Shortly after the release of the debut album the band were dissatisfied with their time on Robinson's I Am record label decided to leave the label. Virgin Records being in turmoil at the time lead to some office closures and cuts. This coupled with the band citing wrong vocal takes being used on "Itch" and various release dates confusingly being issued for the follow-up single "Can't Smile" and the debut album, the band managed to litigate their release. In 2003 lead singer Terry Abbott departed the band, citing unhappiness in the project and his desire to work on side projects.

The band initially wished to continue without Abbott and moved on to form the alt rock outfit Scenes recruiting vocalist Fraser McGuinness. Locking themselves away in a converted Oast House Studio in Hampshire to write new material, Scenes went on to play a number of shows with artists such as Oceansize and Scan, but disbanded in early 2005.

2015-present: Reformation and new music
The band reunited in 2015, announcing that they would be playing shows and making new music. In July 2016, they announced on their Instagram that Dave Neale formerly of Death in Vegas and Rooster would be joining the band as the new drummer.

On 5 December 2016 the band released their first new music since 2002 with the single "Burn this Place". It was also announced they would play a handful of shows UK in January 2017. In early 2018 the band played a handful of shows supporting Hell is for Heroes in celebration of the 15th Anniversary of their debut album The Neon Handshake, including a sold out show at the London O2 Shepherd's Bush Empire.

In 2018 Vex Red were one of only a handful of artists to be personally invited by Robert Smith of The Cure to play his Meltdown Festival at London’s Southbank Centre.

A new single, "Tarantula", was released in July 2019 and the band announced details of a new EP, "Give Me the Dark", to be released on 4 October 2019, of which "Tarantula" is the second single. The third and final single, "Air", was made available in late November of the same year. The band promoted their new EP with a UK only 6-date headline tour in February 2020, during which they were supported by math rock/grunge act Sœur.

Demos

 * Vex Red (1998) [EP] [Sean Buckingham on vocals]
 * Sleep Does Nothing for You (1999) [EP]

Non-Album Songs

 * Between Venom and Vision
 * Consider
 * Vow (Live only)
 * Dahlia (Live only)
 * Guillotines (Live only)

title: Vex Red


text: Template:Presidents of Croatia

title: Template:Presidents of Croatia


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User:Ducklebury Finn

Hello this is my new userpage that I am going to be using.

title: User:Ducklebury Finn


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TE buffer

TE buffer is a commonly used buffer solution in molecular biology, especially in procedures involving DNA, cDNA or RNA. "TE" is derived from its components: Tris, a common pH buffer, and EDTA, a molecule that chelates cations like Mg2+. The purpose of TE buffer is to solubilize DNA or RNA, while protecting it from degradation.

Recipe
A typical recipe for making 1X TE buffer is:

TE buffer is also known as T10E1 buffer, which can be read as "T ten E one buffer". To make a 100 ml solution of T10E1 buffer, 1 ml of 1 M Tris base (pH 10–11) and 0.2 ml EDTA (0.5 M) are mixed and made up with double distilled water up to 100ml. Add microliter amounts of high molarity HCl to lower the pH to 8.
 * 10 mM Tris, bring to pH 8.0 with HCl
 * 1 mM EDTA, bring to pH 8.0 with NaOH

Based on nuclease studies from the 1980s, the pH is usually adjusted to 7.5 for RNA and 8.0 for DNA. The respective DNA and RNA nucleases are supposed to be less active at these pH values, but pH 8.0 can safely be used for storage of both DNA and RNA.

EDTA further inactivates DNase, by binding to metal cations required by this enzyme.

Genomic and plasmid DNA can be stored in TE Buffer at 4 °C (39.2 °F) for short-term use, or -20 °C (-4 °F) to -80 °C (-112 °F) for long-term storage. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided.

Low TE or TE Low EDTA
The operation of the TE buffer is based on chelating metal cations such as Mg2+. The problem is that the PCR polymerase also requires Mg2+ to function, so if the amount of EDTA is too high it can affect the PCR. There is a version of TE buffer with 10 times less amount of EDTA that is very frequently used for the forensic STR kits. Due to the use of kits with multiplex amplification, it is necessary to have a lower amount of EDTA in the sample so as not to interfere with the Mg2+ present in the reaction. If regular TE buffer is used to dilute the sample, an imbalance will be observed in the DNA profile, while Low TE will have a better balance. The Low TE buffer or TE Low EDTA buffer is composed of 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) + 0.1 mM EDTA.

title: TE buffer


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Talk:Masculinity

This articles fails to explain what masculinity is
I appreciate the detailed history, criticism and different views on it from all over the world. The article starts fine with:

Masculinity is a set of attributes behaviors, and roles associated with men and boys

But then the whole article fails to answer the next question:
 * What are the most typical manly attributes?
 * What are the most typical manly behaviors?
 * Any example of traits at all?

Most people looking first for an understandable answer. After that it should follow up on a more nuanced view. But this article is all criticism and no core.

GavriilaDmitriev (talk • they/them) 08:19, 31 March 2022 (UTC)
 * The Overview section says "Traits traditionally viewed as masculine in Western society include strength, courage, independence, leadership, and assertiveness." The "In women" section mentions "strength, competition, and aggression". The "Health" section adds "drinking ability". Footnote 10 lists "strength of will, ambition, courage, independence, assertiveness, aggressiveness". Footnote 12 lists "courage, strong will, ambition, independence, assertiveness, initiative, rationality and emotional control". These could obviously be expanded on or consolidated though. Nosferattus (talk) 00:06, 17 September 2022 (UTC)

No mention of testosterone
Why is there no mention of testosterone and it’s effects on masculinity — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.12.66.226 (talk) 00:22, 1 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Like much in this domain, it's a nature/nurture situation, but IP is entirely correct; no testosterone, no masculinity. Of course, it goes further than that: no testosterone, no little baby boys, either; they will all be born as apparently perfect little baby girls at birth with phenotypically perfect external female anatomy, and be indistinguishable from and develop the same as babies born with CAIS, with a consequential enormous effect in repressing masculinity which will be minimal or nonexistent, submerged under the typical femininity of a developing girl. Mathglot (talk) 04:35, 17 September 2022 (UTC)

29 April 2023
Michler, R. (2022). The Masculinity Manifesto: How a man establishes influence, credibility & Authority. Salem Books, an imprint of Regnery Publishing.

For this article, I plan to add a book description that is very insightful on what masculinity is called, "Masculinity Manifesto." I am new to Wiki editing.

Ryan Michler's, "The Masculinity Manifesto: How A Man Establishes Influence, Credibility, and Authority" is a book that goes into a deeper and less popular look at masculinity. This book list Stoicism, Competitiveness, Dominance, Aggression, Vigilance, Violence, Honesty, and Self Respect as key elements of masculinity. Ryan states that Masculinity is amoral and simultaneously compares it to the law of duality. — Preceding unsigned comment added by SeertheSeer (talk • contribs) 06:23, 29 April 2023 (UTC)

Compulsory masculinity
I think the article should also use sources about compulsory masculinity, because there are lots of them:, ,. Reprarina (talk) 21:55, 21 May 2023 (UTC)

Worldwide point of view
The article is heavily focused on "western" perspectives, by which I think it means US and Europe. Having a separate section on the "Global South" doesn't address the issue, because "Global South" includes a wide variety of cultures that are no more similar to each other than they are to those of the US and Europe. Putting the "Global South" in a separate section after the rest of the article also leaves the US and Europe as the primary focus. Elliotreed (talk) 18:23, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

 * WP:SOFIXIT. Just identifying a potential problem is not the same as solving it. I haven't looked too closely at the material in question, but if WP:RSes discuss the topic mainly in relation to the US and Europe, then so do we. I've reverted the addition of the globalize tag until sources are found that meaningfully discuss masculinity in other cultures. —Sangdeboeuf (talk) 19:34, 15 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Masculinity


text:
User:TShilo12/Smilies

I don't know what happened to Rwl.gif, it's unfortunately nowhere to be seen...please use these only using substs, as in, for example for ...

This has been replaced with Template:smiley. It integrates all of this into one, using Template:switch. -- Natalinasmpf 02:01, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User:TShilo12/Smilies


text:
Eduard Gufeld

Eduard Yefimovich Gufeld (Эдуа́рд Ефи́мович Гу́фельд; 19 March 1936 – 23 September 2002) was a Soviet/American International Grandmaster of chess, and a chess author.

Chess career
Gufeld began participating in chess tournaments in 1953 and won the junior championship of Ukraine the following year. He became an International Master in 1964 and an International Grandmaster in 1967. In 1977, he ranked 16th in the world with an Elo rating of 2570.

He moved to Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia, where he coached Maia Chiburdanidze, who became the youngest women's world chess champion in 1978. After the fall of the Soviet Union, he emigrated to the United States. and continued to play/write/teach chess proactively at his adopted homeland.

He started the FIDE Committee on Chess Art and Exhibition.

Gufeld was one of the most prolific authors in all of chess, writing over 80 chess books. His proudest achievements, however, were his win with the King's Indian Defence, Sämisch Variation against Vladimir Bagirov, which he called his "Mona Lisa"; and his 1967 win over Vasily Smyslov (see below). The first of these games made it into John Nunn's collection of the hundred greatest games of all time, Mammoth Book of the World's Greatest Chess Games, and the 112-game collection that followed it. Gufeld beat Smyslov again in 1975.

He used to say to those who laughed at his English: "I think that my English is better than your Russian!"

Death
In September 2002, Gufeld suffered a stroke and heart attack. He was unable to speak or walk and appeared to be in a state of obtundedness; not comatose and nearly stuporous. He died two weeks later at the age of 66 in the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. He is interred in the Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Hollywood, California.

Notable games
Here is Gufeld's 1967 win over Smyslov: 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nf3 g6 3.b4 Bg7 4.Bb2 0-0 5.e3 b6 6.d4 c5 7.dxc5 bxc5 8.b5 a6 9.a4 Ne4 10.Bxg7 Kxg7 11.Qd5 Qa5+ 12.Ke2 Bb7 13.Qxb7 Nc6 14.Nfd2 Ra7 15.bxc6 Rxb7 16.cxb7 Qb4 17.Nxe4 Qb2+ 18.Nbd2 Qxa1 19.Nxc5 Rb8 20.g3 Qa3 21.Nxd7 Rxb7 22.Bh3 Qd6 23.c5 Qd5 24.f3 Rb2 25.Rd1 e6 26.c6 Qc4+ 27.Ke1 Qd3 28.Bf1 Qxe3+ 29.Be2 a5 30.f4 f6 31.c7 Rc2 32.Kf1 Rxc7 33.Nc4 Rxc4 34.Bxc4 Qf3+ 35.Ke1 Qc3+
 * Vasily Smyslov vs. Gufeld; Spartakiade, Moscow 1967

Books

 * Exploiting Small Advantages, Batsford, 1985. 2003 reprint: ISBN 978-0-7134-8648-3.
 * The Sicilian for the Tournament Player, Batsford, 1989. ISBN 0-7134-6167-5.
 * My Life in Chess, Intl Chess Enterprises, 1993. ISBN 1-879479-21-4.
 * The Modern French Tarrasch, Cadogan, 1996. ISBN 1-85744-103-6.
 * with Oleg Stesko: The Giuoco Piano, Batsford, 1996. ISBN 978-0713478020.
 * with Eric Schiller: Secrets Of The Sicilian Dragon, Cardoza, 1998. ISBN 0-940685-92-2.
 * Leonid Stein: Master of Risk Strategy, Thinkers Press, 2000. ISBN 0-938650-54-8.
 * with Eric Schiller: Secrets Of The King's Indian (Cardoza Publishing's Essential Opening Repertoire Series), Cardoza, 2000. ISBN 1-58042-017-6.
 * Chess: The Search for Mona Lisa, Batsford, 2001. ISBN 0-7134-8477-2.
 * Bobby Fischer: From Chess Genius to Legend, Thinkers Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0-938650-84-3.
 * Chess Strategy, Batsford, 2003. ISBN 0-7134-8775-5.
 * The Art of the King's Indian, Batsford, 2003. ISBN 978-0-7134-8661-2.
 * The Art of the King's Indian, Batsford, 2003. ISBN 978-0-7134-8661-2.

title: Eduard Gufeld


text: User talk:Red 5

title: User talk:Red 5


text:
Talk:S-mine

translation is wrong
"The German S-mine (Schrapnellmine in German)," thats not right S-Mine is an "Schützenmine" yes it will be an Schrapnellmine but in that S means Schütze- as an old name for infantry. --87.183.202.70 (talk) 08:38, 23 January 2009 (UTC) Hake Cpt (AR) rt

Schutzen mine refers to another type of mine, actually, known as the shoebox mine.--Primal Chaos (talk) 20:46, 1 December 2010 (UTC)

Missing references
The current version of the article makes some references to sources that aren't actually listed in the References section: --Delirium 00:50, 13 November 2005 (UTC)
 * (TM-E 30-451, 1945)
 * (Valias, 2005)
 * (Ingraham & Jones, 2003)

 * Never mind, they're in the External links section. That was a bit confusing to me, but I'm not sure if there's a better way of presenting it.  Perhaps external links used as references should go under "References" instead of external links?  Perhaps a matter of taste. --Delirium 01:03, 13 November 2005 (UTC)
 * That would not follow Wiki's manual of style.--Primalchaos 14:15, 13 November 2005 (UTC)
 * The opposite is true, actually. According to Cite sources, external links used as references should be in the references section, and only external links not used as references should be in the external links section, which may/should be renamed "further reading" in such cases, for clarity. Changing accordingly. --Delirium 06:17, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

External links were damaged - some schmuck had linked it to porn. Please insert the links again.

Warning
Isn't the following warning wrong? "Anyone encountering any undetonated landmine, no matter how old, should always contact local authorities and not attempt to handle such a device in any way." Let's say I encounter such a mine. I contact the local authorities (why "local" btw?). They send someone. According to this warning, he should also contact local authorities, and so on, recursively... My point is in fact that this warning is POV because it is only written for incompetent readers. Ideally, it should be replaced by informative content like accidents statistics... Marc Mongenet 22:21, 13 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I've removed the sentence - while Wikipedia has descriptions of people, places, and things, Wikipedia articles should not include instruction - advice (legal, medical, or otherwise), suggestions, or contain "how-to"s. --What Wikipedia is not →Raul654 22:27, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

Kudos!
Great featured article, well done all concerned! --22:23, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

Timer vs Release
Given that the propaganda of the time suggested that a soldier kept his foot on the mine, and the mines in fact triggered after a delay, is there any record of what happens if the mine fires while the soldier is still standing on it? was it be kept underground by the weight of a person, or did it just knock the soldier over and still end up exploding in mid-air. If the former, I would think it would cause a lot fewer casualties, blowing off the leg of the soldier that triggered it, but not causing any meaningful shrapnel wounds to anyone else. The propaganda might be right, just not in the way it was intended. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.70.145.85 (talk) 07:56, 20 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I am not aware of any reliable reference to what happened with an original S-mine if you did keep your foot in place. But with the post-WW2 mines that evolved from it, the lifting charge is powerful enough to blow the mine straight through the foot. -- Securiger (talk) 13:14, 21 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Considering the S-mine was propelled by a large black powder charge, I think the situation would be similar.--Primal Chaos (talk) 16:09, 21 September 2008 (UTC)

The page on the US M16 mine (a copy) says that there is a delay so the victim will move off the mine so it is is "not obstructed". Doesn't take a huge charge to launch a mine 3ft in the air. Even if it was still likely to maim/kill the victim, staying on it would protect surrounding troops. Maybe thus the training films? Of course, one wonders how you detect that you've triggered a mine....45Colt 09:58, 2 March 2015 (UTC)

Tigers
If it is designed to be buried and only works pointing straight up, how do the "launcher tubes" on the Tiger work? Does it use a modified version fired downward and set to explode before it hits the ground? These don't seem to lend themselves to "scattering", really..45Colt 10:15, 2 March 2015 (UTC)

Bouncing or bounding
There seems to be disagreement on terminology. Are these (and similar) mines called "bouncing" or "bounding" mines? ehn (talk) 04:27, 13 August 2018 (UTC)

There is an another article about ”Bouncing mines”, but not ”Bounding mines”. Haven’t Gear anything about lattea, I suppose it could have something to do with automatic spelling checkers. Tkt2011 (talk) 20:16, 16 October 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:S-mine


text: User talk:69.171.35.140

title: User talk:69.171.35.140


text: User talk:203.220.86.132

title: User talk:203.220.86.132


text:
User:Eric Gardiner

This is my Dnd page for the MGS Dnd Club

title: User:Eric Gardiner


text:
New Hampshire native

A New Hampshire native is a status recognized by the U.S. state of New Hampshire which identifies people who were born in the state. The word native denotes someone who was born in a given place. State law, defines a New Hampshire native as "someone who was born in the state of New Hampshire or someone born to a mother domiciled in the state of New Hampshire at the time of his or her birth."

The law does not give the status any legal weight, and even notes that misusing the term isn't illegal: "No person who in good faith proclaims himself or herself to be a New Hampshire native ... shall be charged with perjury."

title: New Hampshire native


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/S-mine/archive1

S-mine
I have worked hard on expanding this relatively obscure but interesting article on one of the most influential landmines in history. I'd like to get it featured soon, but to the obscurity of the topic matter, it does not get much traffic. So, I would like to see what other people think about it. Primalchaos 00:25, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * A referance section would be good for starters. -- ZeWrestler  Talk 00:49, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Changed. See the bottom of the page. --Primalchaos 05:40, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The article looks quite good to me. It could possibly use a few more links in the descriptive mid-section. There's probably a few more photos of this mine floating around. Nasty little item. You might mention that part of its psychological effect was due to it's maiming ability, particularly with regard to limbs and genitalia. Thanks. :) — RJH 16:18, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Added more links and what images I could find that were a confirmable and appropriate copyright status. Also incorporated comment of maiming fear. --Primalchaos 05:40, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Peer review/S-mine/archive1


text:
WTKL

WTKL (91.1 FM) is a radio station in North Dartmouth, Massachusetts. It is an owned-and-operated station of the national K-Love Contemporary Christian network, covering the South Coast of Massachusetts from a tower located on the campus of the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth.

Prior to 2006, WTKL was the student-run radio station at the university, when it was known as WUSM and later WSMU-FM; in conjunction with the sign-on of higher-power WUMD 89.3, UMass sold the 91.1 license to the Educational Media Foundation.

College radio
Southeastern Massachusetts University, as it was then known, built and signed on WUSM in September 1974. The station operated with 10 watts at 90.5 MHz and broadcast from studios in the basement of the university residents' cafeteria before moving into the campus center. New Bedford television station WTEV (channel 6) petitioned against the grant of the facility and a series of other educational stations in the area, worried about interference; their petition delayed the station from getting a construction permit by 18 months; obtaining office space on the campus was its own challenge. The station's early years featured a bumpy stretch in 1977, when the general manager and program director were forced out by the governing board over unstated allegations. However, they also featured growth. Through the Intercollegiate Broadcasting System, WUSM obtained a hookup with ABC; programming from the American FM Network began airing on the station on February 19, 1979.

Also in 1979, WUSM was granted a construction permit to move to 91.1 MHz and increase its effective radiated power to 300 watts. On November 13, 1979, the station's existing antenna collapsed in a windstorm, after work had already begun on implementing the frequency change and power increase. The improvements did not take effect, however, until March 27, 1981. On that date, after months of delays, WUSM premiered at its new dial position; as part of its upgraded facilities, the radio station began broadcasting the Talking Information Center, a radio reading service for the blind, on its subcarrier. Approval of a second power increase, to 1,200 watts, came in 1982, after WUSM had already noted an increase in local interest from the first upgrade.

In 1986, WUSM suffered a series of technical challenges: a power surge in the campus center damaged the transmitter and forced the expensive replacement of other parts, and then the station was forced to go to air from its secondary production studio after wires in the main studio board burned out. Throughout the late 1980s, WUSM broadcast a more mainstream alternative format than most college radio stations because it was the only station in the format on the South Coast; the nearest rock station was in Providence.

The station changed its call letters from WUSM to WSMU-FM in 1989. The change allowed another university to trade in call letters it did not want. The University of Southern Mississippi had operated its student radio station as WMSU since the 1970s. When the WUSM calls were made available, they were picked up the next month by that station which now operates as WUSM-FM; that university's president, Aubrey Lucas, announced the change on air, and the station's program manager said, "Obviously we would rather have anything other than MSU".

The station's variety format had several long-running features. DJ Don Dread's reggae show "Roots Radical" went on the air in 1982 and only left WUMD's air in 2012 when he died of a brain tumor.

UMD move to 89.3 and sale to EMF
In 1993, UMass Dartmouth made an application to build a new radio station at 89.3 MHz, which would have a wider coverage area and be able to serve more listeners. (The application came a year after an adjacent-channel Boston station, WBUR-FM, proposed to have WSMU relocate in order to improve its own coverage area. ) The application was approved by the Federal Communications Commission in 2003, and in 2006, construction was completed on WUMD. In January 2006, the university sold the WSMU-FM license for $700,000 to the Educational Media Foundation, with the transmission facility remaining at the university; the sale price helped fund the construction of the new WUMD facility. The sale was a notable step forward for EMF, which prior to acquiring WSMU-FM had little presence in New England due to the price and scarcity of stations in the area; it was also cited as the "first major foray" by FM Christian broadcasting into the region.

UMass Dartmouth programming moved from 91.1 to 89.3 in June 2006, enabling K-Love programming to debut on the new WTKL in early July.

title: WTKL


text: User talk:203.143.95.27

title: User talk:203.143.95.27


text:
Talk:A Passage In Time

there was a page with a bad redirect. this one should be deleted, i added the disambiguation page to the other one. If a user searched for "A Passage in Time" there was a redirect to "A Passage In Time" with the word "In" capitalized, that screwed up everything, so this one should be deleted to prevent further confusion Fliptopsean 19:31, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:A Passage In Time


text:
La Belle (ship)

La Belle was one of Robert de La Salle's four ships when he explored the Gulf of Mexico with the ill-fated mission of starting a French colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River in 1685. La Belle was wrecked in present-day Matagorda Bay the following year, dooming La Salle's Texas colony to failure. The wreckage of La Belle lay forgotten until it was discovered by a team of state archaeologists in 1995. The discovery of La Salle's flagship was regarded as one of the most important archaeological finds of the century in Texas, and a major excavation was launched by the state of Texas that, over a period of about a year, recovered the entire shipwreck and over a million artifacts.

Historical background
In the late 17th century, much of North America had been claimed by European countries. Spain claimed Florida, and New Spain included both today's Mexico and much of the southwestern part of the continent. The northern Atlantic coast was claimed by Britain, and New France included much of what is now Canada as well as the Illinois Country. France feared that their colonies in the center of the continent were vulnerable to potential attacks from their neighbors. In 1681, French nobleman René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, launched an expedition down the Mississippi River from New France, expecting to find a path to the Pacific Ocean. Instead, La Salle found a route to the Gulf of Mexico. Although Hernando de Soto had explored and claimed this area for Spain 140 years before, on April 9, 1682 La Salle claimed the Mississippi River valley for the French king, Louis XIV, naming the territory Louisiana in his honor.

La Salle knew that French control of the Mississippi would split Spanish Florida from New Spain, and he believed that the Mississippi River was near the edge of New Spain. On his return to France in 1683, La Salle argued that a small number of Frenchmen could successfully invade New Spain by relying on the help of 15,000 Indians who were angry over Spanish enslavement. This had been suggested as early as 1678 by Diego de Penalosa, the former governor of New Mexico who had fled to France after being targeted by the Inquisition. La Salle proposed establishing a colony at the mouth of the Mississippi, providing a base for promoting Christianity among the native peoples as well as a convenient location for attacking Nueva Vizcaya and gaining control of its lucrative silver mines. After Spain declared war on France in October 1683, Louis agreed to back La Salle, whose official duties now included "confirming the Indians' allegiance to the crown, leading them to the true faith, and maintaining intertribal peace".

Construction
La Salle originally intended to sail to New France, journey overland to the Illinois Country, and then sail down the Mississippi River to its mouth, where he would plant his colony. To carry his supplies, he would need a large ship to traverse the Atlantic Ocean and a smaller one to transport the supplies from Illinois to the Gulf of Mexico. Louis XIV gave La Salle the use of two ships, Le Joly and La Belle. Originally, La Belle was built as a kit, with the ship frames assigned to one of four quadrants and numbered sequentially so that the pieces could be assembled later. The pieces were intended to be loaded onto Le Joly for transport to North America, and then would be carried overland to the Mississippi River. At that point, La Salle's men would assemble the ship, and it would be used to carry the supplies to their final destination. At the king's urging, the expedition chose instead to sail directly to the Gulf of Mexico rather than to New France, eliminating the need for a ship to be built in the New World. As the Joly was already heavily laden, La Salle decided that the ship should be assembled in France and sailed across the ocean. Although there were some questions as to whether the ship would survive an ocean crossing, it was nevertheless assembled in France in less than two months and prepared for its journey.

In the late 17th century, the French shipbuilding industry had stagnated. In an effort to "invigorate" the industry, Secretary of State of the Navy, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, brought shipbuilders trained in the Mediterranean methods of shipbuilding to Rochefort, where the industry primarily used what was known as the Atlantic shipbuilding method. One of these transplanted shipwrights was Honoré Mallet, who had been raised in Toulon in the south of France. In the official order authorizing the building of La Belle, Mallet was listed as the master shipbuilder, and his son-in-law, Pierre Masson, was responsible for the ship design.

La Belle was a barque-longue, with three masts and a relatively shallow draft of about 8 ft. Her beam was officially 14 ft, and she was 54 ft long with a cargo capacity of 40–45 tons. The ship was designed to be highly maneuverable, with the mainmast and foremast holding two sails each, while the mizzenmast supported a single triangular sail, and another small square sail hung from the bowsprit.

Voyage
On July 24, 1684, La Salle left La Rochelle with four ships: the 36-gun man-of-war Le Joly, the 300-ton storeship L'Aimable, the barque La Belle, and the ketch St. Francois. The ships carried almost 300 people, including 100 soldiers, six missionaries, eight merchants, over a dozen women and children, and artisans and craftsmen. The St. Francois and its full load of supplies, provisions, and tools for the colony were captured by Spanish privateers in Santo Domingo. In late November 1684, the three remaining ships continued their search for the Mississippi River delta. Before they left, local sailors warned them that the Gulf currents flowed east, and would carry the ships toward the Florida straits unless they corrected for it. On December 18, the ships reached the Gulf of Mexico and entered waters that Spain claimed as their sole territory. None of the members of the expedition had ever been in the Gulf of Mexico or knew how to navigate it. The expedition was unable to find the Mississippi due to a combination of inaccurate maps, La Salle's previous miscalculation of the latitude of the mouth of the Mississippi River, and overcorrecting for the currents. Instead, they landed at Matagorda Bay in Spanish Texas in early 1685, 400 mi west of the Mississippi.

Although La Belle was able to easily navigate the pass into the Bay, the Aimable was grounded on a sandbar. A bad storm prevented them from recovering more than food, cannons, powder, and a small amount of the merchandise from the ship, and by March 7 she had sunk. Beaujeu, having fulfilled his mission in escorting them, returned to France aboard the Joly in mid-March, leaving La Belle the only ship available to the remaining settlers.

La Salle chose to establish Fort Saint Louis on a bluff overlooking Garcitas Creek, 50 miles (80 km) from their initial campsite. With their permanent camp established, the colonists took several short trips within the next few months to further explore their surroundings. At the end of October La Salle decided to undertake a longer expedition and reloaded the La Belle with much of the remaining supplies. He took 50 men, plus the La Belle's crew of 27 sailors, leaving behind 34 men, women, and children. The bulk of the men traveled with La Salle in canoes, while the La Belle followed further off the coast. Several of the men, including the captain of the La Belle, Canil Maraud, died on this expedition from eating prickly pear. Soon after, the Karankawa killed a small group of the men, including the new captain of La Belle, former pilot Eli Richaud, who had camped on the shore at night. In January 1686, La Salle left the ship 30 mi from Fort Saint Louis. La Salle took 20 men with him to travel overland to reach the Mississippi, leaving Pierre Tessier, the former second in command of the La Belle, in charge of the ship. After three months of searching overland, La Salle's group returned, but were unable to find the La Belle where they had left her and were forced to walk back to the fort.

Loss
While La Salle was gone, the ship began to run low of drinking water. Tessier sent the five best sailors ashore in the La Belle's only longboat to search for water. The men were seen struggling against a strong wind to return to the ship as night fell, and were presumed lost when the longboat never arrived at the ship. The remaining sailors drank wine in place of water, but the alcohol further dehydrated them, and several died.

Tessier finally decided that the ship must return to Fort Saint Louis for more supplies. As they got underway, a cold front blew in. Since the remaining crewmembers were unskilled, they were unable to keep control of the ship, and because they had lost their second anchor, there was no way to stop the ship from drifting in the wind. Within a short amount of time, the La Belle had run aground at the southern end of the bay, approximately a quarter of a mile (400 m) from shore.

When the storm had abated, the men built a raft from planks and barrels and sent two men to shore. The raft broke up in the waves, and both men drowned. After making a second, more solid, raft, the others were able to make it safely to shore. Over the next few days they returned to the ship daily to retrieve cargo, managing to salvage some of La Salle's papers and clothes, barrels of flour, casks of wine, glass beads, and other trade items. Before long, however, a strong southerly wind drove the hull into the muddy bottom, and soon only the rear deck remained above water. Of the 27 people originally assigned to the ship, the only survivors were Tessier, a priest, a military officer, a regular soldier, a servant girl, and a small boy. They remained on the peninsula for three months, as the only way to the fort was to walk through Karankawa territory. After a small Indian canoe washed ashore one day, the survivors were able to paddle across the bay and return to the fort. The destruction of their last ship left the settlers stranded on the Texas coast, with no hope of any assistance from the French colonies in the Caribbean Sea.

Discovery by the Spanish
The Spanish authorities learned of La Salle's expedition when a former member of the colony, Denis Thomas, was captured aboard a pirate ship. In an attempt to save his life, Thomas related that La Salle had planned to establish a colony near the Mississippi River and eventually take over Spanish silver mines. Although Thomas was quickly hanged, the Spanish believed his information to be reliable and began searching for the French colony. On December 25, 1686, a Spanish expedition led by Captain Martin de Rivas and Captain Pedro de Yriarte left Veracruz to sail along the Gulf Coast. On April 4, they reached Matagorda Bay and dispatched several canoes to explore the area. 3 mi from their ship, they discovered La Belle, which they described as a "broken ship" with three fleur-de-lys on her stern.

The Spanish salvaged two swivel guns and five cannons from the ship, as well as the anchor, some cordage, and the masts, which they made into oars. As final proof that this ship had belonged to the French colony, the expedition also discovered the campsite where the French survivors had lived for three months. Among the remains of the campsite were pages from books written in French.

Rediscovery
The wreck lay forgotten for over three hundred years in the dark murky waters of Matagorda Bay. In the 1970s, Kathleen Gilmore of Southern Methodist University analyzed historical accounts of the La Salle shipwrecks, and gave general guidance as to where they might be found. In 1977, the Texas Historical Commission (THC) asked an independent researcher to search the archives in Paris for information on the shipwrecks. She found original copies of maps made by La Salle's engineer, Jean-Baptiste Minet. Before Minet returned to France aboard the Joly, he had created detailed maps of Matagorda Bay and the pass and had marked the spot where L'Aimable had sunk. Other researchers discovered additional historical maps, including several that marked La Belle's resting place.

In 1978, Barto Arnold, the State Marine Archaeologist for the Texas Antiquities Committee (the predecessor to the Texas Historical Commission), proposed a ten-week search for La Salle's ships. In a magnetometer survey of the area of the bay deemed a high probability to be La Belle's location, the expedition found several more recent shipwrecks. A lack of funding for the next seventeen years stymied further attempts to locate La Belle.

In June 1995 the Texas Historical Commission organized a second magnetometer survey, led by Barto Arnold, to search high-probability areas not included in earlier surveys. The most important technological development since the original survey was the advent of the differential GPS positioning system, which made navigation and the relocation of targets considerably easier and more accurate. This survey lasted the entire month and utilized a Geometrics 866 proton precession magnetometer which identified 39 "magnetic features that required further investigation". These were prioritized, and on 5 July 1995 divers were sent to the highest priority location. During the initial diving operations, a prop-wash blower (metal pipe fitted over the propeller to deflect its force down to the seafloor) was used, ostensibly to improve water visibility by forcing surface water down towards the bottom. It was later decided by the archaeologists that the blower should be turned off as it was visibly damaging the delicate material of the cargo remains. It is not known exactly how much sediment covered the shipwreck at the time of its discovery because the prop-wash blower was deployed before sending divers down. The first team of divers reported feeling musket balls on the seafloor along with loose fragments of wood moving in the current created by the blower. These materials strongly suggested that this was indeed a shipwreck site. During the second dive, archaeologist Chuck Meide discovered a bronze cannon which, when subsequently recovered, proved that this shipwreck was indeed that of La Belle. The cannon was ornately decorated, and bore the crest of King Louis and the Count of Vermandois, the Admiral of France. An illegitimate son of Louis XIV, Vermandois served as Admiral of the French fleet until his death in 1683, meaning the cannon would have been cast no later than 1683, the time when La Salle was preparing for his voyage. This was considered strong circumstantial evidence that the ship was La Belle. A serial number on the gun (and two others found in 1997) was later matched in a French archival record discovered by Dr. John de Bry with the numbers of four bronze cannons that had been loaded onto La Belle, providing definitive proof of the wreck's identity.

The shipwreck may have been known to one or more local watermen before its discovery by archaeologists. During the 1996 excavations, Texas Historical Commission archaeologists observed direct evidence that one of the four bronze cannons known to have been on La Belle had been removed from the wreckage some time before the 1995 discovery of the wreck, possibly decades earlier. It was surmised that this may have been the action of a local shrimper who may have accidentally snagged and recovered the gun in his nets. The whereabouts of this cannon remain a mystery, and no other clear signs of prior artifact recovery were observed at the wreck site.

Archaeological excavation
The team of state archaeologists spent one month diving on the wreckage, documenting its extent and condition, and recovering a number of artifacts. Because of the historical significance of the wreck, and because of the dark waters of the Bay which severely limited visibility for divers, the decision was made to construct a cofferdam around the wreck site. This was a double-walled steel structure, with compacted sand between the two walls, surrounding the entire wreck. The 1.5 million dollar structure was paid for by the state of Texas, though private funding and federal grants would fund much of the subsequent excavation. After completion in September 1996, the water inside the cofferdam was pumped out and the ship was exposed to air for the first time in centuries. A much larger team of archaeologists, numbering around 20, had been assembled in the nearby town of Palacios and were charged with the complete excavation of the shipwreck, under the direction of Barto Arnold at first, and then Dr. Jim Bruseth. This endeavor lasted from July 1996 to May 1997, and was considered one of the most significant maritime archaeological excavations of its time. As the muddy sediments were carefully removed from the wreckage, many wooden boxes and casks were exposed loaded with a wide variety of artifacts. La Belle had contained all of the salvaged supplies from La Salle's wrecked storeship (L'Amiable) and thus offered a unique insight into the supplies deemed necessary for a successful colonization venture. As this was considered enemy territory by the French (Texas was claimed by their Spanish rivals) and local Indians proved hostile, there was a wide array of weapons on board the vessel, including three bronze cannons, one iron swivel gun, several boxes of muskets, many casks of lead shot and gunpowder, a handful of ceramic firepots (used like hand grenades), several sword handles, and several petards. There were also numerous trade goods, including hundreds of thousands of blue, white, and black glass beads, brass finger rings with Catholic religious symbols, brass pins, brass hawk bells, wooden combs, and a barrel of iron axe heads. Tools and supplies such as a cooper's plane, a shovel, rope, long bars of iron stock, and a barrel of axe heads were also recovered, as were a wide variety of ship's hardware and rigging components. Faunal remains included the remains of salt pork, skeletons of rats, and the trophy skulls of deer, complete with antlers. One complete human skeleton was discovered, that of a middle-aged male with signs of arthritis. Part of this individual's brain was intact, preserved by the anaerobic environment caused by the thick muddy sediments at the bottom of the bay. After osteological analysis, these human remains were buried at the Texas State Cemetery.

All of the artifacts were removed from the hull by the start of March 1997. From that point on, the archaeologists concentrated on the remains of the ship itself. The entire ship was disassembled, each timber being carefully recorded before and after its removal from the hull remains. Fieldwork was completed by May 1997, after which the cofferdam was disassembled and sold. The recovered timbers were eventually reassembled in a special cradle and vat designed at Texas A&M University's Nautical Archaeology Program, the institution in charge of the conservation of all the artifacts recovered from the shipwreck site after 1995. The hull was treated by long-term soaking in polyethylene glycol and freeze-drying, a process which took over ten years.

Exhibit
In October 2014 the La Belle: The Ship That Changed History exhibit officially opened. The hull of the ship and many of the recovered artifacts, including colored glass beads, brass pots, a colander, a ladle, muskets, powder horns, an early explosive device called a fire pot and a bronze cannon with lifting handles shaped like dolphins, are on display at the Bullock Texas State History Museum in the state capital of Austin. Many more artifacts can be seen in the multi-location La Salle Odyssey exhibit, located in museums around Texas. The Corpus Christi Museum of Science and History is the official repository of artifacts. The Museum of the Coastal Bend in Victoria, Texas also has many artifacts from the La Belle, mainly the other seven cannons from Fort St. Louis.

Ownership
After the excavation was completed, the French government filed an official claim for the ship and its contents. Under international naval laws, an official naval vessel is owned by the country for which the ship flies its flag. Despite a long-standing tradition repeated by American historians that La Belle was a personal gift from the King to La Salle, no documentary evidence confirming this claim could be produced. Instead, archival research conducted in French depositories provided two official documents which listed La Belle as being owned by the King but loaned to La Salle. Madeleine Albright conceded the claim in favor of France just before the end of the Clinton administration. After a several-year negotiation, an agreement was signed on March 31, 2003 which gives official title to the wreck and its artifacts to the Musée national de la Marine in Paris. Day-to-day control was granted to the Texas Historical Commission for 99 years.

title: La Belle (ship)


text: User talk:81.216.198.196

title: User talk:81.216.198.196


text:
File:Total Eclipse (Bobby Hutcherson album) cover.jpg

Summary
Cover artwork for Bobby Hutcherson's Total Eclipse LP.

Licensing
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authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ


text:
William Bartlett

William Bartlett may refer to:

 * William B. Bartlett (1830–1911), Wisconsin state assemblyman
 * William Bartlett (footballer) (1878–1939), English footballer who played for Huddersfield Town
 * William Bartlett (discus thrower) (1896–1946), American discus thrower
 * William Francis Bartlett (1840–1876), Union major general during the American Civil War
 * William Henry Bartlett (1809–1854), British artist
 * William H. C. Bartlett (1804–1893), American military engineer and educator
 * William P. Bartlett (1829–1917), Wisconsin state assemblyman
 * William Chauncey Bartlett (1818–1907), American writer
 * William S. Bartlett Jr., president of the New Hampshire Senate, 1987–1990
 * Bill Bartlett, member of the 1960s band The Lemon Pipers and 1970s band Ram Jam
 * Bill Bartlett (footballer) (1915–1967), Australian rules footballer

title: William Bartlett


text:
Trikuteshwara Temple, Gadag

Trikuteshwara temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva. The carved temple is in the town of Gadag, 50 km southeast of Hubli-Dharwad, in Karnataka, India. It is dedicated to Shiva and has three lingas mounted on the same stone. There is a shrine dedicated to Saraswathi in this temple and it has carved columns.

Architecture
This temple architecture was planned by the architect Amara Shilpi Jakanachari. The Badami Chalukyas were exponents of early architectural achievements in Deccan. Aihole, Badami and Pattadakal were their centers of art. They were succeeded by the Rashtrakutas and the Kalyani Chalukyas.

The temple has ornate pillars with intricate sculpture. The sanctum enshrines three Shivalingas. The temple has chiseled stone screens and carved figurines. There is a shrine to Saraswati within the Trikuteshwara temple complex, with exquisite stone columns.

Inclined slabs that serve as balcony seats are decorated with figurative panels and are overhung by steeply angled eaves. Inside the hall, the columns have figures arranged in shallow niches. The east sanctorum has three lingas representing Brahma, Maheshwara and Vishnu; the one to the south is dedicated to the goddess Saraswati.

Just by the side is another temple dedicated to three devis — Saraswathi, Gayathri and Sharada. Only the statues are in a new style; the temple is in old architecture.

History
The temple dates back to the Kalyani Chalukyas who ruled this region from around 1050 to 1200 CE, during which time about 50 temples were built.

Saraswathi temple has been vandalised in the early age and hence pooja is not offered here. But the architecture still exists.

A number of late Chalukya monuments (11th-12th centuries) in the city indicate its historic past. Other temples in Gadag are those dedicated to Someshwara and Veera Narayana. In the middle of the city stands the Someshvara Temple. Though abandoned and now in a dilapidated state, its intricate carvings are preserved. The doorways to the hall have densely carved figures and foliation.

title: Trikuteshwara Temple, Gadag


text:
Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar

Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar (Eng.: Guðmundur Ingólfsson's Trio) was an Icelandic bebop group and a piano trio, long since disbanded, following the death of its leader, pianist Guðmundur Ingólfsson in 1991. The other two members of the trio were the drummer Guðmundur Steingrímsson and the bassist Þórður Högnason.

Although the trio performed jazz on its own, and was very successful in Iceland, its best known work (also, the best selling jazz album in Iceland) is the 1990 jazz collaboration with the pop and electronica diva Björk titled Gling-Gló (Eng.: "ding-dong").

title: Tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar


text:
Frijj

Frijj (stylised as FRijj) is a brand of milkshake sold mainly in the United Kingdom. Today it is produced by Müller. It was first launched in 1993 by Dairy Crest. Frijj is sold in five permanent flavours: strawberry, chocolate, banana, fudge brownie and cookie dough.

There have also been numerous limited edition flavours. Since July 2003, some have featured characters from The Simpsons, in marketing campaigns. Other limited edition flavours include custard, caramel, raspberry doughnut, Jaffa Cake, banoffee pie, vanilla, white chocolate, chocolate mint, cookies and cream and Irish coffee.

A thicker version of Frijj was launched in 1998 called 'Frijj Extreme', available in two flavours – white chocolate and milk chocolate. As of July 2024, Frijj had a 50% market share, the largest in the fresh flavoured milk market. Since 27 December 2015, Frijj has been produced by Müller Milk & Ingredients following the sale by Dairy Crest of their milk business to Müller.

Sizes
As of 2023, Frijj is sold in 330ml bottles. Originally sold in 500ml bottles this was reduced to 471ml then 400ml. It is also sells 900ml bottle sizes. 330ml bottles are in all flavours but 900ml bottles are only in strawberry and brownie flavour at the moment.

Sponsorship and campaigns
Frijj is well known for its high profile sponsorship campaigns, the most famous of which was the association with television show Big Brother, the sponsorship lasted for one series during 2003. Around the same time, Frijj was the main sponsor of ill fated dating show Elimidate hosted by ex Atomic Kitten singer Kerry Katona; the sponsorship of the show ceased at the end of its run in 2003.

In 1993, Frijj was advertised on television, with a series of stop-motion animation adverts made by 3 Peach Animation, which featured some bizarre cows. July 2008 marked the introduction of a new advertising campaign for Frijj, the first since 2005. This included a series of five viral videos produced by the advertising agency Grey London, which parodied 1950s horror film The Blob. Further to this, a number of adverts ran on the sides of buses and a limited edition bottle design was produced.

In August 2009, it was revealed that Frijj were going to be the new sponsors of Soccer AM, a weekly football based programme produced by British Sky Broadcasting, after signing a £2 million sponsorship deal. Frijj also sponsor Morden & District Sunday Football League team Epsom Downs FC.

The 2011 "circus" flavours each had their own animal mascot appearing on the packaging; Magnus Monkee (monkey), Pablo Pooch (dog), Hugo Meeow (tiger), The Great Lazaro (rabbit) and Captain Roary (lion), animals commonly found in traditional circuses, to fit in with that range's theme.

Thorpe Park offer
For a short period in 2012, Frijj sold their milkshakes at normal prices in supermarkets, but with an offer to win prizes, and to use the bottle as a free ticket to Thorpe Park. Those who bought the products in this time could enter a code on the bottle on the official Frijj website. The offer ended in the end of September 2012.

Criticism
Liverpool City Council started a campaign against sugary drinks in May 2016. The campaign entitled “Is your child’s sweet tooth harming their health?”, names Lucozade as the worst offender, with 62 grams of sugar in a 500ml bottle, followed by Coca-Cola. Frijj chocolate milkshake was the third most sugary drink identified with 50.8 grams in a 471ml bottle. Posters will be displayed in doctors' surgeries and hospitals.

title: Frijj


text:
Fifth Avenue Place (Pittsburgh)

Fifth Avenue Place (originally "Hillman Tower", sometimes called Highmark Place) is a skyscraper in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. United States. The building is owned by Highmark subsidiary Jenkins Empire Associates and has served as the company's headquarters since it was completed in 1988.

The building was completed on April 14, 1988 and it has 31 floors. Located at the corner of Liberty Avenue and Fifth Avenue, it rises 616 ft above Downtown Pittsburgh. The structure is made up of a unique granite frame for roughly the first 450 ft, then collapses inward in a pyramidal shape for another 124 ft roof structure. The roof utilizes four prisms clad in granite and encloses a penthouse area that stores the mechanics for the building as well as the cooling towers. Before Highmark's branding of the top of the tower, there were video screens at the base of the decorative summit of the building.

Protruding from the top of the skyscraper is a 178 ft mast manufactured by Meyer Industry of Minnesota. Despite its rounded appearance, the 13-story steel structure is actually 12-sided and measures four feet in diameter. Due to high winds, the mast allows for up to three feet of sway. The height at the top of the mast represents the intended height for the building when it was in development. However, the city decided that that height would not fit in well with the skyline, so the height of the main structure was restricted to what it is today.

Crane operator David Angle, the father of future Olympic wrestler and professional wrestler Kurt Angle, was killed in a construction accident during construction of Fifth Avenue Place on August 29, 1984.

Retail
There is a shopping center on the first two floors. A renovation of the space was announced in September 2019; the remodeled shopping mall will mainly focus on dining and is planned to include an open atrium and more natural lighting, plus other amenities. The renovation was expected to take three years to complete. The renovation was completed in May 2023 (new article section and pictures will need to be added.)

title: Fifth Avenue Place (Pittsburgh)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lawrence High School Red Scare Marching Band

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was MERGE to Lawrence High School. -Splash 00:46, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Lawrence High School Red Scare Marching Band
non-notable, vanity GinaDana 00:33, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Lawrence High School. Pburka 00:47, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Lawrence High School. else delete jiminy cricket! Roodog2k 01:02, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Lawrence High School per above. Jaxl | talk 01:15, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect as above. I hope school bands don't become the next "thing" to be inherently notable. Alr 01:16, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * agreed! Roodog2k 01:20, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect per above. -- DS1953 02:01, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect as above --Machtzu 05:17, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * They have been increasingly popular among marching band audiences and have numerous musicians in their band who have performed at the Region and State Level.

 * That's weasle wording. If they performed at a region or state level, they should be easy to name. Anyway; Merge and redirect as per above. - Mgm|(talk) 09:13, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect as above DV8 2XL 12:53, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect as above... local high school spam is bad enough. --Vengeful Cynic 15:47, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn marching band --TimPope 17:26, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable. Neutralitytalk
 * School bands can be notable, but are not inherently. The article does not adequately assert the notability of this band (as mentioned above), so delete. Cmadler 13:43, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect as suggested by User:Pburka. Also needs cleanup (see Mgm's comment). --Tony Sidaway Talk  18:10, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * merge this is ok Yuckfoo 18:27, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Astonishing that the utterly bizarre nickname (is it McCarthyist or poking fun at McCarthyism?) is neither explained nor mentioned in the article. Anyway, merge and redirect indeed. Chick Bowen 02:42, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. Jonathunder 15:28, 2005 September 4 (UTC)
 * Comment. I have merged the content into Lawrence High School, and cleaned it up a little bit. Pburka 19:00, September 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy redirect. Good job with the merge. Flowerparty 07:22, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect per above.Gateman1997 19:19, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:Neuroscience stubs

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ

title: Category:Neuroscience stubs


text:
Bradlee-McIntyre House

The Bradlee-McIntyre House is a Victorian Cottage Style house. It is now located in Longwood, Florida at 130 West Warren Avenue, after being moved there from Altamonte Springs. On March 28, 1991, the house was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

The Bradlee-McIntyre House was built circa 1885 for noted Boston architect Nathaniel Jeremiah Bradlee and family. It is the only surviving "cottage" in Orange and Seminole counties, a Queen Anne Style three-story, 13-room winter vacation house featuring an octagonal tower and "ginger-bread" trim typical of the flamboyant houses of the Victorian Period.

Currently the Bradlee-McIntyre House is open to the public for tours on scheduled days as posted at the house. Museum tours are offered the 2nd and 4th Wednesdays and Sundays from 1-4 pm.

title: Bradlee-McIntyre House


text:
BLU-43 Dragontooth

BLU-43/B and BLU-44/B (Bomb Live Unit) "Dragontooth" were air-dropped cluster-type land mines used by the United States during the Vietnam War. It is chemically activated and has a relatively low explosive content, typically maiming rather than killing.

Overview
The Dragontooth was designed during the Vietnam War as part of a number of programs designed to prevent infiltration into South Vietnam. Dragontooth was one of a number of airborne land mines tested, being preferred by the military because they could be used to deny access to large areas to foot traffic. Its area-denial qualities were exemplified in the fact that the explosive content of any individual mine was readily capable of killing the victim, being powerful enough to remove a person's foot, but potentially incapable of even flattening the tire of a truck passing over it.

The use of Dragontooth mines in Vietnam went largely unnoticed, likely as a product of its essentially classified usage primarily in Laos as part of Operation Igloo White. Production of the system had ceased by 1970, and it was predicted that existing stocks would be exhausted by the end of 1971.

In stark contrast to the lack of public commentary on the Dragontooth system, the subsequent Soviet equivalent, the PFM-1, spurred a lot of controversy after being used in Afghanistan during the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan, being a key element leading to the International Campaign to Ban Landmines.

Design
The mine itself is made out of plastic, and is hydraulically activated and contact/pressure detonated. The color of the plastic varied and could be olive drab, tan, brown, or camouflaged, and had no painted or molded markings. Each mine contained a small amount of liquid nitromethane/nitroethane explosive and was designed with a shape that would cause it to spiral down to the ground, removing the need for a parachute. A chemical self-neutralization system was used in the mines, rendering the main explosive content inert after a period of time after activation. The two major variants, the BLU–43/B and BLU–44/B, differ only in the process by which they were thus "sterilized." However the reliability of the mechanism was largely unknown, and the detonator and booster charge could still present a hazard.

The complete Dragontooth system involved the loading of either the BLU–43/B or BLU–44/B (or its variant BLU–44A/B) into complete cluster munitions. A total of 120 BLU–43/B fit into a single CDU–2/B cluster adapter, forty of which were then loaded into a SUU-13/A cluster dispenser to form the complete CBU-28/A cluster munition. An identical number of BLU–44/B mines loaded into an identical number of CDU–3/B adapters fitted to the SUU–13/A dispenser formed the complete CBU–37/A. The SUU–13/A was a cluster dispenser that remained attached to the aircraft, dispensing cluster adapters of mines as the aircraft flew forward, unlike cluster bombs, which are released from an aircraft and then dispense their submunitions.

Specifications

 * Weight: 20 g
 * Length: 75 mm
 * Width: 45 mm (when armed)
 * Depth: 45 mm
 * Explosive content: 9 g of a nitromethane-nitroethane mixture
 * Sensitizer: propylenediamine and methanol

title: BLU-43 Dragontooth