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Derrick Bell

Derrick Albert Bell Jr. (November 6, 1930 – October 5, 2011) was an American lawyer, legal scholar, and civil rights activist. Bell first worked for the U.S. Justice Department, then the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, where he supervised over 300 school desegregation cases in Mississippi.

After a decade as a civil rights lawyer, Bell moved into academia where he spent the second half of his life. He started teaching at the University of Southern California, then moved to Harvard Law School where he became the first tenured African-American professor of law in 1971. From 1991 until his death in 2011, Bell was a visiting professor at New York University School of Law, and a dean of the University of Oregon School of Law. While he was a visiting, he was a professor of constitutional law.

Bell developed important scholarship, writing many articles and multiple books, using his practical legal experience and his academic research to examine racism, particularly in the legal system. Bell questioned civil rights advocacy approaches, partially stemming from frustrations in his own experiences as a lawyer. Bell is often credited as one of the originators of critical race theory.

Early life and education
Bell was born on November 6, 1930, to Derrick Albert and Ada Elizabeth Childress Bell. He was raised in a working-class family in the Hill District of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was raised a Presbyterian. Bell's maternal grandfather, John Childress, was a blind cook on the Pennsylvania Railroad. His paternal grandfather was a minister in Dothan, Alabama.

Bell attended Schenley High School and was the first member of his family to go to college. He was offered a scholarship to Lincoln University but could not attend due to a lack of financial aid, choosing to attend Duquesne University instead. There, he was a member of the college's Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) and graduated with his bachelor's degree in 1952. He then served as an officer for the United States Air Force for two years, one of which he spent in Korea.

In 1957, he received a LL.B. from the University of Pittsburgh School of Law where he was the only Black graduate of his class. In 1960, Bell married Jewel Hairston who was also a Civil Rights activist and educator and they would go on to have three sons: Derrick, Douglas, and Carter. They were married until Jewel died in 1990. He later married Janet Dewart.

Law career
After graduation and a recommendation from then United States associate attorney general William P. Rogers, Bell took a position with the newly formed Department of Justice in the Honor Graduate Recruitment Program. Due to his interests in racial issues, he transferred to the Civil Rights Division. He was one of the few Black lawyers working for the Justice Department at the time. Bell was the first academic in law that created a casebook that explored and examined the law's impact and relationship on race and racism. Along with this he examined how race and racism shaped law-making, during a time when connecting these ideas was not considered legitimate.

NAACP and school desegregation cases
In 1959, the Justice Department asked him to resign his membership in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) because it was thought that his objectivity, and that of the department, might be compromised or called into question. Rather than give up his NAACP membership and compromise his principles, Bell left the Justice Department.

Bell returned to Pittsburgh and joined the local chapter of the NAACP. Soon afterward in 1960, Bell was recruited by Thurgood Marshall, the head of the NAACP's legal arm and the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (LDF). Bell would join the NAACP Legal Defense Fund in Pittsburgh, crafting legal strategies at the forefront of the battle to undo racist laws and segregation in schools. At the LDF, he worked alongside other prominent civil-rights attorneys such as Thurgood Marshall, Robert L. Carter, and Constance Baker Motley. Bell was assigned to Mississippi where during his trips to the state, he had to be very cautious. For example, once while in Jackson, he was arrested for using a white-only phone booth. After returning to NY, "Marshall mordantly joked that, if he got himself killed in Mississippi, the L.D.F. would use his funeral as a fund-raiser." When Bell was in Mississippi, he provided legal support to Mississippi schools, colleges, voting rights activists, and Freedom Riders. He also supported James Meredith's attempt to attend the Ole Miss Law School in 1962.

While working at the LDF, Bell supervised more than 300 school desegregation cases and spearheaded the fight of James Meredith to secure admission to the University of Mississippi, over the protests of Governor Ross Barnett. Afterward, he said of this period,"I learned a lot about evasiveness, and how racists could use a system to forestall equality...I also learned a lot riding those dusty roads and walking into those sullen hostile courts in Jackson, Mississippi. It just seems that unless something's pushed unless you litigate, nothing happens."

Later in life, Bell questioned the approach of integration they took in these school cases. Throughout the South, often the winning rulings and the following desegregation caused white flight, ultimately keeping the schools segregated. Later, as an academic, these practical results led him to conclude that "racism is so deeply rooted in the makeup of American society that it has been able to reassert itself after each successive wave of reform aimed at eliminating it."

Overview
Bell spent the second half of his career working in academia until his death in 2011. During this time, he worked at a number of prestigious law schools while at the authoring books which now considered the foundation of critical race theory. Bell worked towards the creation of what he considered a more inclusive faculty within institutions such as USC, Harvard, and NYU. Bell was known to be respectful of all beliefs and his class was described by his students to be the "least indoctrinated class" in their Law school. Bell would give his students the most freedom to reach their own conclusions and to build their own arguments that could be reasonable, despite their political beliefs.

USC Law School
Bell's first law faculty position began in 1967 at the USC Gould School of Law of the University of Southern California. There, he succeeded Martin Levine as executive director of the new Western Center on Law and Poverty. Among his notable cases was a class action suit against the Los Angeles Police Department on behalf of the city's Black residents. During Bell's directorship, the Western Center's work was recognized in 1971 with a trophy bestowed by the Community Relations Conference of Southern California.

Harvard Law School
In 1969, Black Harvard Law School students helped to get Bell hired. They had protested for a minority faculty member and Derek Bok hired Bell to teach as a lecturer. Bok promised that Bell would be "the first but not the last" of his Black hires. In 1971, Bell became Harvard Law's first Black tenured professor. During his time at Harvard, Bell established a new course in civil rights law, published a celebrated case book, Race, Racism and American Law, and produced a steady stream of law review articles. He resigned from his position at Harvard in protest of the school's hiring procedures, specifically the absence of women of color on the staff.

University of Oregon School of Law
In 1980, Bell started a five-year tenure as the Dean of the University of Oregon School of Law. There, he also taught a course on "Race, Racism and the Law" using his textbook of the same name. Later, Bell's tenure was interrupted by his resignation following a protest, due to the university's refusal to hire an Asian-American candidate he had chosen for a faculty position.

NYU School of Law
Bell's full time visiting professorship at New York University began in 1991. After his two-year leave of absence, his position at Harvard ended and he remained at NYU where he continued to write and lecture on issues of race and civil rights. He related these issues to music in a book of parables and introduced the Bell Annual Gospel Choir Concert, which is a tradition at the school today. During his time at NYU Law, Bell supported a student organization who were demanding the university for more faculty of color. Taking advice from Bell, the student organization led silent protests outside faculty meetings.

Protests over faculty diversity
During the summer of 1981, under the auspices of a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, Bell conducted a multi-week seminar in Race Relations Law for 14 lawyers and judges from across Oregon. The University of Oregon School of Law was not the only place Bell fought to create a more diverse and inclusive faculty.

Following his return to Harvard in 1986, after a year-long stint at Stanford University. Bell staged a five-day sit-in in his office. The goal was to protest the school's failure to grant tenure to two professors on staff, both of whose work promoted CRT. The sit-in was widely supported by students, but divided the faculty, as Harvard administrators claimed the professors were denied tenure for substandard scholarship and teaching.

In 1990, Harvard Law School had 60 tenured professors. Three of them were Black men and five were women; none of these women were African-American. Displeased with this dearth of diversity among the faculty, Bell decided to protest with an unpaid leave of absence. Students supported the move which critics found "counterproductive," while Harvard administrators cited a lack of qualified candidates, defending that they had taken great strides in the previous decade to bring in Black faculty members. He details the story of this protest in his book Confronting Authority.

Bell's protest at Harvard provoked angry criticism and backlash. Opposing Harvard Law faculty called him "a media manipulator who unfairly attacked the school," noting that other people had accused him of "depriv[ing] students of an education while he makes money on the lecture circuit."

Following his leave of absence at Harvard, Bell accepted a visiting professorship at NYU Law in 1991. After two years, Harvard had still not hired any minority women, and Bell requested an extension of his leave, which the school refused, thereby ending his tenure. It was not until later in 1998, Harvard Law hired a civil rights attorney and U.S. assistant attorney general nominee Lani Guinier, who became the law school's first Black female tenured professor.

In March 2012, five months after his death, Bell became the target of conservative media, including Breitbart and Sean Hannity, in an exposé of President Barack Obama. The controversy focused on a 1990 video of Obama praising Bell at a protest by Harvard Law School students over the perceived lack of diversity in the school's faculty. Bell's widow stated that Bell and Obama had "very little contact" after Obama's law school graduation. She said that as far as she remembered, "He never had contact with the president as president." An examination of Senior Lecturer Obama's syllabus for his course on race and law at the University of Chicago revealed significant differences between Obama's perspective and that of Derrick Bell, even as Obama drew on major writings of critical race theory.

Development of Critical Race Theory
In 1970, Bell published Race, Racism, and American Law, a textbook of more than a thousand pages containing the idea that racial progress would be achieved only when it aligned with white people's interests.

Bell is arguably the most influential source of thought critical of traditional civil rights discourse. Bell's critique represented a challenge to the dominant liberal and conservative position on civil rights, race and the law. He employed three major arguments in his analyses of racial patterns in American law: constitutional contradiction, the interest convergence principle, and the price of racial remedies. His book Race, Racism and American Law, now in its seventh edition, has been continually in print since 1973 and is considered foundational in the field of critical race theory.

The 1954 Brown v. Board of Education case prompted Bell's interest in studying racial issues within the education system. This was due to the Supreme Courts decision and its evident lack of progress for Black students. During the 70s, Bell studied and wrote about the effects of desegregation noting that this decision was not due to a moral shift in nature, but rather because of the "convergence" of efforts in dismantling Jim Crow laws and racial segregation. Additionally, it had to do with the concern of the white elite that the United States would lose the battle to communism, and tarnish their reputation and global influence. The injustices initially set by segregation were not undone but, instead created new issues for Black students at predominantly white institutions. Consequently, Bell comes to the conclusion that American educational systems should focus on improving the quality of education for Black students, as opposed to, national integration. His early work on education contributed to his creation of critical race theory, alongside Kimberlé Crenshaw, Alan Freeman, Cheryl Harris, Patricia J. Williams, Charles R. Lawrence, Mari Matsuda, and Richard Delgado.

In the 1970s, Bell and these other legal scholars began using the phrase "critical race theory" (CRT) a phrase based on critical legal studies, a branch of legal scholarship, taken that challenged the validity of concepts such as rationality, objective truth, and judicial neutrality. Critical legal theory was itself a takeoff on critical theory, a philosophical approach originating out of the leftist Frankfurt School. Bell continued writing about critical race theory after accepting a teaching position at Harvard University. He worked alongside lawyers, activists, and legal scholars across the country. Much of his legal scholarship was influenced by his experience both as a Black man and as a civil rights attorney. Writing in a narrative style, Bell contributed to the intellectual discussions on race. According to Bell, his purpose in writing was to examine the racial issues within the context of their economic and social, and political dimensions from a legal standpoint. In addition to this, Bell's critical race theory was eventually branched off into more theories, describing the hardships of other groups, such as AsianCrit (Asian), FemCrit (Women), LatCrit (Latino), TribalCrit (American Indian), and WhiteCrit (White). His theories were based on a number of propositions.

 * 1) Racism is ordinary, not aberrational.
 * 2) White-over-color ascendancy serves important purposes, both psychic and material, for the dominant group.
 * 3) ("Social construction" thesis) race and races are products of social thought and relations.
 * 4) Dominant society racializes different minority groups at different times, in response to shifting needs such as the labor market.
 * 5) "Intersectionality and anti-essentialism" thesis. No person has a single, easily stated, unitary identity. Everyone has potentially conflicting, overlapping identities, loyalties, and allegiances. For example, a person who has parents with different religious views, political views, ethnicity, etc.
 * 6) ("Voice-of-color" thesis) because of different histories and experiences to those of white counterparts, matters that the white people are unlikely to know must be communicated to them by the racialized minorities.

CRT led to creation of the ideas of microaggressions, paradigmatic kinship, the historical origins and shifting paradigmatic vision of CRT, and, according to it, how in-depth legal studies show law serve the interests of the powerful groups in society. Microaggressions are subtle insults (verbal, nonverbal, and/or visual) directed toward people of color, often automatically or unconsciously.

As an example, in The Constitutional Contradiction, Bell argued that the framers of the Constitution chose the rewards of property over justice. With regard to the interest convergence, he maintains that "whites will promote racial advances for blacks only when they also promote white self-interest." Finally, in The Price of Racial Remedies, Bell argues that whites will not support civil rights policies that may threaten white social status. Similar themes can be found in another well-known piece entitled, "Who's Afraid of Critical Race Theory?" from 1995.

His 2002 book, Ethical Ambition, encourages a life of ethical behavior, including "a good job well done, giving credit to others, standing up for what you believe in, voluntarily returning lost valuables, choosing what feels right over what might feel good right now".

Literary Works

Between the years of 1970 and 1980 Bell published many pieces of work. Other than his two most read books, Race, Racism, and American Law, and Serving Two Masters. His other mentionable books are Silent Covenants, written in 2004, a book questioning the Brown v. Board of Education's legacy. His 2004 memoir, Ethical Ambition: Living a Life of Meaning and Worth, where he dives into how he stuck to his beliefs. He wrote about how staying true to himself was how he was so successful.

Legal doctrine
Along with Bell's contributions to critical race theory, in his early articles, he exhibited multiple analyses' of legal doctrine. He discussed the legal doctrine through his outsider narrative scholarship. He would conclude that the rule of law "sought to convey an objectivity that may exist in theory but is impossible in the real world". In his narrative stories, he would create hypothetical legal doctrines that put forth the idea that racism is a permanent neutral principle. In doing so, he called “the nation to repent”, rather than having policymakers listen to him or change policies. His deconstructionist legal doctrine would include an “interest-convergence thesis” which assumed that the U.S. legal system would adapt legal doctrines meant to remedy Black injustices only when the doctrine would further benefit the interests of whites. In his doctrine, he also critiqued Brown V. Board and titled it the “Revisionist Brown Option” which was his alternative answer that Brown should have said in the court case. His doctrine also consisted of the concept “racial fortuitous corollary” and “racial preference licensing act”.

As writer of short fiction
Bell published a number of works of short fiction which deal with similar themes to his nonfiction works. These include the science fiction short story "The Space Traders". Here, white Americans exchange the U.S. Black population for extraterrestrials to solve the former's problems. Bell explained, “[It's] better [to] risk the unknown in space than face the certainty of racial discrimination here at home." An adaptation of the story appeared as part of the 1994 made-for-television anthology film Cosmic Slop.

"The Space Traders" and other works of short fiction by Bell appeared in Bell's collection Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permenance of Racism.

Death
On October 5, 2011, Bell died at the age of 80 from carcinoid cancer at St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital in New York City. At the time, the Associated Press reported: "The dean at NYU, Richard Revesz, said, 'For more than 20 years, the law school community has been profoundly shaped by Derrick's unwavering passion for civil rights and community justice, and his leadership as a scholar, teacher, and activist.'" He reportedly "loved" his students and taught up to the week before his death.

Bell has been memorialized at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law with the Derrick A. Bell Constitutional Law Commons which was opened on March 20, 2013, in the school's Barco Law Library. Bell was also honored with the renaming of the school's community law clinic that provides legal assistance to local low-income residents to the Derrick Bell Community Legal Clinic. Two fellowship positions within the school are also named for Bell. There continues to be lectures regarding Bell's teachings and concepts at NYU Law School, and Harvard Law School. They discuss Bell's teachings of racism in America and explore the future of race relations and racial justice in the United States. Many have connected his teachings to the police brutality and Black Lives Matter movements in 2020 and 2021.

Selected bibliography

 * Race, Racism and American Law (1973, Little Brown & Co.; 6th ed., 2008)
 * And We Are Not Saved: The Elusive Quest for Racial Justice (1987)
 * Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism (1992)
 * Confronting Authority: Reflections of an Ardent Protestor (Beacon Press, 1994)
 * Gospel Choirs: Psalms of Survival in an Alien Land Called Home (1996)
 * Constitutional Conflicts (Anderson Press, 1997)
 * Afrolantica Legacies (Third World Press, 1998)
 * Ethical Ambition: Living a Life of Meaning and Worth (Bloomsbury, 2002)
 * Silent Covenants: Brown v. Board of Education and the Unfulfilled Hopes for Racial Reform (Oxford University Press, 2004)

title: Derrick Bell


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Justiniana Prima

Justiniana Prima (Iustiniana Prima; Јустинијана Прима) was an Eastern Roman city that existed from 535 to 615 CE, near modern Lebane in the Leskovac region, Serbia. It is currently an archaeological site. Founded by Emperor Justinian I (527-565), it was the metropolitan seat of the newly founded Archbishopric of Justiniana Prima, which became the main church administrative body of the central Dardania with jurisdiction from Praevalitana to Dacia Ripensis. Justinian Prima was originally designed to become the capital of the prefecture of Illyricum, but for reasons likely related with its status near the Roman frontiers of the 6th century CE, Thessaloniki was preferred. It was abandoned less than 100 years after its foundation.

In 1979, the archaeological site of Justiniana Prima, identified with Caričin Grad, was added to the Archaeological Sites of Exceptional Importance-list under official protected status by the Republic of Serbia.

History

Justiniana Prima was founded by Emperor Justinian I in 535. Built on the site of Tauresium, a remote village, it existed until 615 and was designed as the seat of the Archbishopric of Justiniana Prima. The arch-priest of the Illyrians ('Ιλλυριών άρχιερεύς) seated in Justinian Prima had jurisdiction over Dacia Ripensis, Dacia Mediterranea, northern Moesia Superior, Dardania, Macedonia Salutaris, Praevalitana and the territory of Bassianae in Pannonia Secunda.

The establishment of the Archbishopric is mentioned in Justinian's own Novel XI from 535, when he promotes the Metropolitan to an archbishop, independent from the Archbishop of Thessalonica. The establishment is seen as part of the feud between Justinian and the Archbishop of Eastern Illyricum, who was a papal vicar.

The city was to become capital of Illyricum, but Thessaloniki was preferred and Justinian Prima received jurisdiction over the territories of the Diocese of Dacia. Still, the new foundation was not without importance and Justinian made sure that this city, which was one of his favourite projects, received all the necessary support. In 545 Justinian issued another law underlining the episcopal rights and status of Justiniana Prima, which is also confirmed by letters that were exchanged between Justinian and Pope Gregory I at the end of the 6th century.

The city planning combined classical and Christian elements: thermae, a levantine agorai, and streets with colonnades. Typical Eastern Mediterranean features went along with numerous churches. Procopius, in his The Buildings, describes the city as follows:

The town was abandoned at around 615. Invading Avars coming from north of the Danube may be one factor, missing political interest in the town after the time of Justinian may be another. Among many other imported finds the presence of 2 pieces of a specific type of fibulae and handmade pottery have been understood as an indication of the presence of Slavs already before the Avar incursion (584).

Archaeological site
The huge correlation between the archaeological site and the description by Procopius as well as finds of seals of the archbishop of Iustiniana Prima have determined the identification of Justiniana Prima with Caričin Grad. There have been archaeological excavations for nearly 100 years with the participation of French and more recently also German researchers. There is a permanent exhibition in the national museum in Leskovac. At the site itself monuments there are impressive remains of the fortification, the acropolis as well as of several churches and many other buildings.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Justiniana Prima


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Frederick Warde

Frederick Barkham Warde (23 February 1851 – 7 February 1935) was an English Shakespearean actor who relocated to the United States in the late 19th century.

Career
He was born in 1851 in Wardington, Oxfordshire, the son of Thomas Ward and Anne (née Barkham). His surname was altered from 'Ward' to 'Warde' for the stage. In the late 1870s he partnered with his friend actor Maurice Barrymore and the two agreed to tour plays around the United States particularly the play Diplomacy. Warde would have one section of the country while Barrymore and his company toured the other. For a time the venture was very successful.

Warde had two notable film achievements, one being the "discovery" of Douglas Fairbanks Sr. and persuading him to move from Denver to join Warde's New York City actors troupe. Fairbanks then made his Broadway debut in 1902.

The second achievement was as the star of Richard III (1912), based on the play by William Shakespeare. This 55-minute film was re-discovered in 1996 by a private film collector who donated it to the American Film Institute archive. The film is thought to be the earliest surviving American feature film. In 1916 Warde filmed another Shakespearean tragedy, King Lear, for the Thanhouser company. This film also exists.

In 1917 he appeared in a Pathe film Under False Colors with an up-and-coming beauty named Jeanne Eagels. Another of his films was A Lover's Oath (filmed in 1921 and premiered four years later), opposite Ramon Novarro, in which he portrayed Omar Khayyám. It is regarded as a lost film.

Warde also recorded an early sound film Frederick Warde Reads Poem, A Sunset Reverie (1921) which was made using the short-lived sound-on-disc Phono-Kinema process. Though Warde lived until 1935 he saw no need to come out of retirement to appear in legitimate sound motion pictures.

Filmography

 * Richard III (1912) – Richard, Duke of Gloucester, afterward Richard III
 * Silas Marner (1916) – Silas Marner
 * King Lear (1916) – King Lear
 * The Vicar of Wakefield (1917) – Vicar of Wakefield
 * Hinton's Double (1917) – Joshua Stevens / John Evart Hinton
 * The Fires of Youth (1917) – Iron Hearted Pemberton
 * Under False Colors (1917) – John Colton
 * The Heart of Ezra Greer (1917) – Ezra Greer
 * Rich Man, Poor Man (1918) – John K. Beeston
 * The Unveiling Hand (1919) – Judge Ellis
 * Frederick Warde Reads Poem, A Sunset Reverie (1921, Orlando Kellum experimental talking short) – Himself
 * A Lover's Oath (1925; filmed in 1921) – Omar Khayyam (Last appearance)

Publications

 * The Fools of Shakespeare: An Interpretation of Their Wit, Wisdom and Personalities, New York: McBridge, Nast & Company, 1913.
 * Fifty Years of Make-Believe, New York: The International press syndicate (M.M. Marcy). 1920.

title: Frederick Warde


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User talk:Via Egnatia

Welcome to Wikipedia. You are supposed to discuss your changes on the talk pages. If you don't, it might be considered vandalism. You must also check the relevant talk pages and read the previous discussions, so that we won't have to re-invent the wheel. MATIA

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
 * Read the Tutorial, How to edit a page and the Manual of Style.
 * Find out how to revert, move and merge pages.
 * Sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~).
 * Add yourself to the New user log and a regional notice board
 * Ask questions at the Village pump or Help desk.
 * Use the Show preview button
 * Provide an Edit summary
 * Add the correct image copyright tag to any images you upload
 * Take a look at Consensus of standards
 * Create a User page
 * Be bold
 * Ignore all rules

If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 21:47, 29 August 2005 (UTC).

If you continue your tactics, you'll be reported for vandalism, consider this a warning. You may want to check http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=states.details&sid=38 and read the manual, though I can see that you are very familiar with WP syntax. MATIA 08:37, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. MATIA 23:22, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

What vandalism? What are you talking about? I have never vandalised a page. -- Hi. I reverted your changes to the Republic of Macedonia. I encourage you to put the article's talk page to good use. Thanks. Regards, El_C 23:35, 30 August 2005 (UTC) -- Vandalism like removing my external link to Hague Conference on Private International Law member list or vandalism like deleting or adding whatever you think without reading and using the talk pages? MATIA

WP:3RR
Please review the above policy. I urge you to undo your changes, or you may be blocked from editing for up to 24 hours. Thank you. El_C 23:55, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Please realize that you are all out of (the 3 per editor per 24 hours) reverts for another 24 hrs. If you revert again within less than 24 hours, you will be blocked for 24 hrs for breach of 3RR and disruption. This is your final warning. Thank you. El_C 00:03, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * OK, I won't revert until tommorrow, but I think Wikipedia should include the Macedonian viewpoint and not say only FYROM name is official. And other people reverted more than three times, too. Did you warn them?

 * Sure (but not to be technical, it has to be 24 hrs, not just tommorow), in the meantime, while you're unable to edit the actual article, why don't you attempt to carefuly and methodically explain your position on the article's talk page? I encourage you to do so and I think it will prove beneficial and instructive. I, myself, do not have a strong opinion on this issue. I don't really understand your position that well, either, since you have yet to explain in in sufficient length. Thanks again. Regards, El_C 00:10, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

FYROM
Why do you avoid discussion in the talk page like the devil? Is it perhaps that you are a troll?

Page move
Completely without announcement, an article was moved from its common English name Nidhogg to the old Norse version Níðhöggr, even though a proposal to move mythology articles to non-English spellings failed to gain consensus. You have expressed interest in simular page moves in the past. Please take a minute to look at this one. CDThieme 18:51, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Via Egnatia


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Side Trax

Side Trax is a compilation album from industrial metal band Ministry. The album was released in October 2004. It compiles EPs from four Ministry side projects recorded in the late 1980s: Pailhead, 1000 Homo DJs, PTP, and Acid Horse. All of the songs were originally released on Wax Trax! Records, with the exception of PTP's previously-unreleased "Show Me Your Spine." Notably, the rare version of 1000 Homo DJs' "Supernaut" with Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails on vocals is included on this compilation.

The first pressing of the album was afflicted with poor sound quality, which was caused by the simple duplication of the left channel. Later pressings corrected the mistakes. The original mono pressing has the digits A4 P2 310690-2 01 on the back, while the corrected stereo version has the digits A4 P2 310690-2 RE-1 01. It is also confirmed that albums ordered direct from Ryko will be the corrected pressing.

title: Side Trax


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Rikshospitalet–Radiumhospitalet

Rikshospitalet–Radiumhospitalet Hospital Trust (Rikshospitalet–Radiumhospitalet HF) was created in 2005 when Rikshospitalet merged with the Norwegian Radium Hospital. The trust belongs to the Southern and Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority.

The board of directors is chaired by Steinar Marthinsen. Among the board members appointed by the Regional Health Authority, the politically appointed are Kristin Ørmen Johnsen, Barbro-Lill Hætta-Jacobsen, Eirik Moen, Sigbjørn Molvik and Maj-Britt Svastuen, and the other are Liv Arum, Randi Flesland and Stig Slørdahl. The employees' representatives are Vibeke Braastad Kristiansen, Mark Baekelandt, Pål Berdahl, Tiril Svensen and Elisabeth Emilsen.

title: Rikshospitalet–Radiumhospitalet


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Special Alternative Incarceration Facility

Special Alternative Incarceration Facility (SAI) was an alternative prison in Chelsea, Michigan. It was formerly a minimum security boot camp (correctional) known as Camp Cassidy Lake for male and female probationers. The facility was a part of the Michigan Department of Corrections.

After May 1, 2009, SAI was no longer referred to as a "boot camp (correctional)". It was a full service Michigan Prisoner ReEntry Initiative (MPRI) In-Reach Correctional Facility.

History
Under the administrative control of the Cooper Street Correctional Facility, the Special Alternative Incarceration program (SAI) began in 1988 as an alternative to prison for male probationers convicted of certain crimes and selected by courts. In 1992 the program was expanded to include both male and female prisoners and probationers. State law precludes participation if convicted of a number of primarily assaultive crimes.

In January 2014, a Special Alternative Incarceration program was started at the Huron Valley Women's Facility where all female offenders are now housed.

Program
Phase I of the program involved a highly disciplined regimen of 90 days, consisting of military-style exercise, meaningful work assignments and other programming, including secondary education and substance-abuse treatment. Phase II involved intensive supervision in the community, usually in a residential "halfway house" setting. Phase III of the program involved supervision of offenders similar to the way in which probationers were supervised. Phase I and III were mandatory, and Phase II was determined by assessing a particular offender's need for residential placement. The goal of the program was to keep selected lower-risk probationers from going to prison and to take qualified prisoners out of the traditional prison setting and place them into a more cost-effective management setting. The program proved to be cost-effective and successful in keeping graduates out of prison.

The military discipline portion of the program was designed to break down street-wise attitudes so staff could teach positive values and attitudes. Offenders took classes in job-seeking skills, substance-abuse awareness and anger management. They were also enrolled in General Educational Development preparation and Adult Basic Education. They performed a variety of tasks, including conservation work, recycling, parks maintenance and snow removal near senior housing.

The SAI program included an intensive post-release program and possibly included Phase II, which was placement for up to 120 days in a residential setting or on electronic monitoring. For prisoners, Phase III included a parole for 18 months or for the balance of the minimum sentence, whichever was longer. The first four months of parole were under intensive supervision, which could include daily supervision, including nights and weekends, if needed.

While in post release, offenders were expected to work or go to school at least 30 hours per week. They were required to submit to a drug test when requested and participate in any counseling, treatment programming or training, as directed by the agent.

Staffing
Because of the rigorous nature of the SAI program and the extent to which the success of the program was dependent upon the performance of staff, it was imperative that staff, particularly custody staff, be carefully selected and appropriately trained and that their performance be carefully evaluated. To achieve these objectives, the SAI program developed entry-level physical conditioning standards for new corrections officers and obtained the approval of the Michigan Corrections Officers Training Council (MCOTC) to implement them. All uniformed custody staff had to complete a three-week SAI drill instructor training program. Instructional materials used in this training were published in instructional manuals in pocketbook format to facilitate staff reference. The performance evaluation process for SAI staff was also formalized, with each staff member receiving a written performance review.

Current status
This facility closed on March 7 2020, and was consolidated with the Cooper Street Correctional Facility. Demolition of the property began in January 2023.


text:
User talk:Prophet121

Ok, here i am going to use my talk page as a sort of sandbox. just playing around here.

=here=

we
~

Prophet121 Prophet121 17:12, 19 July 2009 (UTC) 17:12, 19 July 2009 (UTC)

Welcome to Wikipedia!
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips:
 * Take a look at the Simplified Ruleset.
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If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 21:50, 29 August 2005 (UTC).

September 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. A le_Jrb talk 20:22, 20 September 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Prophet121


text:
User talk:RMc

May 2022
Welcome to Wikipedia. We appreciate your contributions, but in one of your recent edits to Come On Down to My Boat, it appears that you have added original research, which is against Wikipedia's policies. Original research refers to material—such as facts, allegations, ideas, and personal experiences—for which no reliable, published sources exist; it also encompasses combining published sources in a way to imply something that none of them explicitly say. Please be prepared to cite a reliable source for all of your contributions. You can have a look at the tutorial on citing sources. Immediately adding WP:OR WP:FANCRUFT just like you were repeatedly blocked for. — Smuckola(talk) 18:59, 7 May 2022 (UTC)

Hello, I'm Magnolia677. I noticed that you added or changed content in an article, WHVW, but you didn't provide a reliable source. It's been removed and archived in the page history for now, but if you'd like to include a citation and re-add it, please do so. You can have a look at referencing for beginners. If you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Your edit was not supported by the source cited. Magnolia677 (talk) 22:54, 7 May 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:RMc


text: User talk:82.49.185.200

title: User talk:82.49.185.200


text:
Talk:Creamfields

Untitled
I can't find a lot of history. There was a Creamfields Prague in 2002. Argentina celebrated its 3rd anniversery in 2003. Secretlondon 21:50, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Table request
I'd say this page needs a well-organized table featuring Creamfields festivals that were held, among with its locations, maybe headliners, number of spectators, etc. Anyone for the task? As Secretlondon says, it is pretty hard to find info about past festivals, so I guess this would be a long job. User:Angel Olivera

2006 Location
The 2006 location has been confirmed as Darsbury and this article needs updating as needed. Also it may be worthwhile putting a piece regarding the protest by local residents. Sources can be found by searching for the "Herald & Post" and "Widnes World" newspapers. --Nik Doof 11:18, 3 July 2006 (UTC).on 13 july creamfields was moved by pubic debate to the park in walton "walton hall park". the outcame awaites to be heard.

POV
This article is now like an advert for the 2006 event! OAP boba 09:58, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

Agree with the above; have removed the following as it was akin to commercial advertising and is personal opinion, not fact:

"Expect
 * FUN
 * DANCING
 * LAUGHING
 * DRINKING
 * AN NO NONSENSE PARTYING

THIS EVENT IS A SLICE OF DEEP FRIED GOLD!!!!!!! "

Liverpool Scouse 22:25, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

---Will also edit various POV expressions such as "excellent Chibuku tent", "the ever gorgeous..."etc Liverpool Scouse 22:27, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The article has been substantially changed since 2007, I've removed the NPOV template, please use or better yet  for sentences, then detail issues here. This will help address them in a timely manner. - RoyBoy 05:25, 2 January 2012 (UTC)

Sections
Added section titles to distinguish between past and present events. Liverpool Scouse 22:36, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

"This year" now edited to past tense as the event has been and gone (and very good it was, too!) Liverpool Scouse 13:54, 29 August 2006 (UTC

Original 1998 Location - Winchester
Just noticed that my edit about the original 1998 location of Matterly Bowl in Winchester has been reverted. Sources can be found from the following sites...

http://www.bbc.co.uk/hampshire/content/image_galleries/1990s_gallery.shtml?11 http://www.btinternet.com/~themagiccat/festivals/festival.html http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19980508/ai_n14155371

...and from my (slighly incomplete) memory of the event! Craigedit 22:10, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Any mentions of Warrington
Please do not add mentions of Warrington to this article when referring to geographical location. Daresbury is not in Warrington, it is in Halton, which is another unitary authority altogether. Mentions of Warrington as a geographical locator are arbitary. Any mentions of locating towns should be restricted to those which the Daresbury is in the same local borough – i.e. Runcorn or Widnes – to avoid confusion of which council grants and issues the license to the organisers. Auzdafluff (talk) 01:33, 7 December 2008 (UTC)

Hi Auzdafluff, The festival is half in Warrington, half in Halton, and has to be licenced by both authorities. Therefore mentions of this in the article are correct. Check the boundary line on the site using OS maps (Streetmaps.co.uk show this). OfficialCreamPress (talk)

Merge upcoming events and past events
I have moved the upcoming events that have expired to the past events. However since it is unlikely this article is correctly updated it would be better not to specify past and future. Jezzawhale (talk) 15:55, 2 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I did a quick update to fix some of the most obvious errors. Probably a lot left. Merging and separating by event name sounds like a good idea. 193.11.222.243 (talk) 16:40, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

Wouldn't mind some more information about the band Creme. I've heard theyre really good, especially their early stuff, but it would be cool to show some chronologisation or something... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.67.119.242 (talk) 19:07, 23 October 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Creamfields. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080302083310/http://www.creamfieldscentraleurope.eu/ to http://www.creamfieldscentraleurope.eu/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:52, 14 August 2017 (UTC)

MAJOR edits of entire article by Cream
Hi guys,

I work doing online press for Cream and have just started a major re-write of this entire page.

I am of course familiar with Wikipedia and the expected style (I've been going down Wikipedia rabbit holes for years!) and can already see that this article does not meet those standards.

There is also various incorrect information, information missing, poor citations, and a lack of structure and organisation.

However, as I've never edited on Wikipedia before, it would be nice to get some help and pointers with certain things.

I'll ask as I go along, and any advice anyone has about edits I've made, or any criticism, please fire away.

Tribal Gathering is the Oldest Dance Music Festival not creamfields
Creamfileds is not the oldest dance music festival tribal gathering is.

Creamfields started may 1998.

Tribal Gathering started April 1993. There is 5 years difference. Please change.

I am the owner of Tribal Gathering.

Thankyou wikipedia 2A00:23C4:C104:8101:9D3B:34A0:E38E:7080 (talk) 19:51, 29 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Creamfields


text:
WGMS (Washington, D.C.)

WGMS was a radio station in Washington, D.C. that maintained a classical music format from 1946 to 2007. Last owned by Bonneville International, it was known on air for many years as Classical 103.5. It last broadcast on 104.1 FM from a transmitter in Waldorf, Maryland, with a repeater signal broadcast from Braddock Heights, Maryland, on 103.9 FM under the call sign of WGYS.

The WGMS call letters are today in use by public radio station WETA-FM's repeater in Hagerstown, Maryland, having been donated by Bonneville as part of an agreement between both stations made public the same day WGMS signed off.

Early history
The station went on air on December 29, 1946, under the call sign of WQQW at 570 kHz on the AM band. It added an FM signal, at 103.5 MHz, on September 18, 1948. It changed its call letters in 1951 to WGMS, which stood for "Washington's Good Music Station" (that slogan had been used on the station several years before). According to the station's website, WGMS "was the first FM signal in the marketplace and holds the record for the longest consecutive broadcast in the same format."

WGMS was at one time owned by RKO General Radio, which also owned top 40 stations in New York City (WXLO-FM), Boston (WRKO), Los Angeles (KHJ), Memphis (WHBQ), and Detroit (CKLW). In the 1970s, to comply with new FCC regulations limiting simulcasting, RKO prepared to change the format of WGMS (AM) to top 40. A public outcry in support of the classical format forestalled the change, and the United States Congress authorized the stations to simulcast their programming full-time, as an exemption from Federal Communications Commission regulations mandating separate programming on AM and FM outlets owned by a single entity.

In 1988, both WGMS AM & FM were sold off to Washington, D.C., venture capitalists Steven and Mitchell Rales and John VerStandig. The Rales Brothers later bought out VerStandig and converted WGMS AM into the first frequency for WTEM, a sports-talk station, on May 24, 1992. WTEM moved to 980 AM in 1998 as the result of a format swap between that station and business talk station WWRC, which itself now resides at 1260 AM. The 570 kHz frequency now belongs to Salem Communications, which uses it for news/talk station WWRC.

During WGMS's tenure at 103.5 FM, its antenna and engineering facility were located on The American University Tower.

2006 frequency change
On January 4, 2006, Bonneville and the Washington Post announced that the frequencies then used by WTOP — 1500 kHz and 107.7 MHz — would be reassigned to a new station, WTWP, to be known on air as "Washington Post Radio." WTOP would move to 103.5 MHz, the frequency then used by classical music station WGMS; in turn, WGMS would move to 104.1 and 103.9 MHz, displacing contemporary music station WWZZ (Z104). At noon that day, WGMS and WTOP shifted frequencies, and Z104 shut down.

The change in frequency left WGMS with a weaker signal in the Washington area. At 103.5 MHz, it had broadcast at a strength of 44,000 watts; its new transmitter at 104.1 MHz broadcast at 20,000 watts from southern Prince George's County, well away from the center of the metropolitan area. Its repeater signal, at 103.9 MHz, had a strength of only 350 watts. (Coincidentally, the 103.9 signal in Braddock Heights, Maryland, had also once been a CHR station known as "Z104," under the WZYQ calls.)

Attempted sale
On December 8, 2006, The Washington Post reported a preliminary agreement by Washington Redskins owner Daniel Snyder to buy WGMS and convert it to a sports talk format, adding its frequency to the Triple X ESPN Radio network. Had the deal gone through, Washington, D.C., would have been left without a classical-music station as a result of the earlier 2005 switch of WETA to a public-radio news and talk format.

Washington-based XM Satellite Radio attempted to capitalize on the development, purchasing advertisements in The Washington Post billing itself as the new home of classical music in the region.

Snyder eventually withdrew from the purchase agreement, citing "a change in the radio climate" and hopes that "a better signal will soon become available in the market." News accounts suggested that a comment to the Post from an unnamed Bonneville executive, who said Snyder had offered "50 percent more than [WGMS] was worth," had stalled the negotiations.

2007 format change
The Snyder offer led Bonneville executives to rethink their commitment to classical music on WGMS, with sports talk or popular music being the most likely formats considered as its replacement. Public outcry among the area’s classical music listeners over this possibility led the board of public radio station WETA (FM) to vote to approve a return to classical programming should Bonneville decide to end classical on WGMS. (WETA had carried classical music and NPR programming until February 2005, when it switched exclusively to a news-and-talk format.)

On January 22, 2007, at 3 p.m. EST, WGMS ceased operations. The final classical selection played on the station was the closing chorus, "With Tears of Grief," from Bach's St. Matthew Passion. Longtime program director Jim Allison made the announcement of the station's ceasing, but also announced at the same time that Bonneville had reached a deal with WETA that returned the latter station to a classical format. WETA assumed the classical format just five hours later, at 8 p.m. EST.

WETA hired Jim Allison as its new program director, and Bonneville donated its 15,000-disc WGMS music library to WETA. Bonneville also gave WETA the right to use the WGMS callsign; WETA adopted it for its repeater station in Hagerstown, Maryland, previously known as WETH. The two stations struck an unusual public/commercial cross-promotion agreement, under which WETA would promote Bonneville's news/talk stations WTOP-FM and WTWP, and Bonneville's stations would, in turn, promote classical programming on WETA.

The on-air talent of WGMS was terminated, while WETA released several talk show hosts and longtime Saturday-night folk music host Mary Cliff. The Washington Post reported that some of the displaced hosts from each station might be hired by either WETA or Bonneville. On January 30, WETA reported that WGMS afternoon announcer John Chester was hired for the 2 p.m. to 7 p.m. shift.

The programming changes meant that WETA converted to a format consisting of classical music 24 hours per day and seven days per week, dropping all long-form NPR and BBC programming such as Morning Edition, All Things Considered, and A Prairie Home Companion in the process. (Most of the canceled programming already aired on, or moved to, WAMU.) Hourly NPR newscasts remain during the daytime, as well as a simulcast of WETA-TV-produced The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer in the 7 p.m. hour, broadcast on radio for the benefit of commuters unable to arrive home in time to view the television airing.

Bonneville switched the 104.1 MHz frequency to an "adult hits" format under the callsign WXGG, known on air as George 104.1 (now WPRS-FM, a gospel format).

Digital radio programing
In addition to its regular FM signal, WGMS used digital subchannels of 104.1 and 103.9 to carry "Viva La Voce," an all-vocal classical music station, as well as a high-definition version of WGMS. WGMS also broadcast "long-form" classical music on a digital subchannel of its former frequency, 103.5-FM.

According to the site of the Viva La Voce digital subchannel of WGMS, Viva La Voce has ceased operations. Viva La Voce is now carried full-time on WETA-FM HD-2.

title: WGMS (Washington, D.C.)


text:
Portal talk:France

 * Welcome to the France Portal talk page. For article announcements and discussion of French topics, please go to the WikiProject France.

Features
I suggest the features get changed at least once a month. Suggestions for next month? NYArtsnWords

Bug
There's a bug with editing the sections. I tried to edit the "Did you know?" section to change "département" to "commune", but clicking on the section's edit button opens another section for modification. I was able to make the correction anyway using "edit this page", but something's messed up. KC

I fixed the bug : the Featured Article section on this page sent immediately to a template without indicating divisions... thus all the sections after the Featured Article were one division off. I have put the Featured Article division, border, heading and content on this page. Other than for the Introduction section, is there any editing or organisational utility in having sections send to templates (requiring double edit buttons), unless they are ALL done on templates (without any borders or headlines on this page), thus eliminating all edit buttons? NYArtsnWords 15:58, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

links
I can't do tables: So could 2005 in France be bunged in here somewhere, its kinda relevant in my book.

Boulevard Saint Michel
Hi I just came across this. I'm working on Boulevard Saint-Michel - suggest we merge the two and turn one into a redirect (preferably this one as the hypenated name is used in fr.wiki and de.wiki). Dl yo ns 493  Ta lk  00:37, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Good catch. I did the merge.  Thanks. --NYArtsnWords 01:22, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

Category:Living people
For a list of biographies of contemporaries, you may want to use CategoryIntersect.php with "French people" ∩ "Living people". -- User:Docu

Featured article
I suggest Music of Brittany is quite a good enough article to be next months Article of the Month --Wonderfool 11:13, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

Layout is kaputt in Opera
For some reason, the whole portal won't display correctly in Opera. Basically, everything below the intro is aligned on the text in the intro, instead of being aligned correctly on the left of the page. I couldn't find a fault in the code, any idea ? Equendil Talk 02:56, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

Besides, the whole portal could use a few templates and subpages, mind if I do that ? Equendil Talk 02:59, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Equendil, I don't mind if you pull out sections and put them as portal subpage templates. In the initial stages of the portal, it was easier for me to have everything (except the intro) visible in the main edit window, but I guess we can go for a more normal portal template format now.  As far as layout and content though, please let me know if you'd like to see/make any drastic changes. -- NYArtsnWords 13:37, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Alright, I'm mostly done:
 * I moved all the sections in subpages. Makes it easier for others to edit/update.
 * As a side effect, the layout is not mangled in Opera anymore (yay!).
 * I altered a few titles ("French provinces" to just "Provinces" for instance, we *are* on Portal France, so everything is related to France by default).
 * The links to archives are missing, I'm working on putting them back now. Equendil Talk 23:29, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Archives are back, I think everything is as before now. Equendil Talk 00:20, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

Featured article <-> Featured picture
I find it odd that the "article of the month" shows below the "picture of the month", shouldn't that be the other way around ? (I know a picture is worth a thousand words but ...) Equendil Talk 01:22, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I always thought it looked better that way: a more striking image at the bottom of the browser window encouraging people to scroll down. We could move the article and personality of the months? --NYArtsnWords 01:46, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, I don't think biographies are less important than the other kind of articles, so better leave it the way it is if you don't like the idea of having the picture pushed down. How about Absinthe as october's article by the way ? Equendil Talk 02:00, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Perfect. Nice picture too. -- NYArtsnWords 02:05, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

While I'm at it, I was quickly browsing the archive, and there has been no subject related to French oversea territories. Now, there isn't all that many articles that are of good or featured quality, but may I suggest going overseas once in a while ? For instance, I dug up this sharp and nice picture on commons of a landscape in New Caledonia, the article seems decent enough, could make a good candidate for a future pic of the month ? Equendil Talk 02:42, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject France
Remind me, or someone, to create the WikiProject France one day. I'll probably copy the frameworks of WikiProject Germany, and fiddled around with it a bit. Currently I have the beginnings on a subpage - User:Dangherous/France Wikiporject. --Dangherous 13:02, 7 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Or maybe I could just look at France-related topics notice board. It seems to serve the same kinda purpose. --Dangherous 13:05, 7 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry Dangherous with my excitement I too created a temporary page for WikiProject France, as you did not list it on WikiProject_Council/Proposals. Anyways mine too is based on WikiProject  Germany. Have a look at User:SlaveToTheWage/WikiProject France. I guess this shows that we really need a WikiProject France to better organise the flow of information! STTW  (talk)  14:30, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

New articles
Hello. How about the idea of creating Portal:France/New article announcements, similar to Portal:Germany/New article announcements or Portal:Russia/New article announcements ? - Darwinek 11:23, 1 January 2007 (UTC)
 * There is a new article section on the France-related topics notice board. --NYArtsnWords 19:46, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

DYK section
France related articles occuring on the DYK section of the main page could be added also to the DYK section of the France portal. STTW (talk)  08:19, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

New French Portal
Dear friends, I'm glad to announce you that the portal on seventeenth century France is now online on French Wikipedia. You'll find it here. I hope you'll be interested in. Kindly yours, Remi Mathis 23:41, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

Cher amis, Je suis heureux de vous annoncer que le portail sur la France du XVIIe siècle est désormais en ligne. Vous le trouverez ici. J'espère qu'il éveillera votre intérêt. Cordialement, Remi Mathis 23:41, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

List of French films now available
I would like to announce that the List of French films has just been compiled. It contains most notable films from the corresponding category with additional information. The list may be too long to be convenient and may need to be split in decade pages, so any comments and suggestions would be highly welcome. The list was formatted in the lines of the featured list BAFTA Award for Best Film. Hoverfish Talk 09:00, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

France and Monaco=France?
Being a frenchman it really bugs me that this portal is called the france and monaco portal. I know monaco relies on france in every way possible but seriously.Fheo 23:22, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

Article : Grand parc
This article is a complete mess. Does someone want to take a look and see if it's worth cleaning up and expanding? ARended Winter 08:30, 6 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Nevermind, was just deleted. ARended Winter 09:13, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

French people - vote for pictures
Hello France Portal. You all may be interested in one of the discussions going on about the French people article regarding the pictures in the infobox: you are now all invited to participate in the vote for the French personalities to be included in the French people infobox. Regards! The Ogre (talk) 21:28, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

Latin Europe
Hello France! There is a vote going on at Latin Europe that might interest you. Please everyone, do come and give your opinion and votes. Thank you. The Ogre (talk) 20:38, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

Should we think about clean some template in this main page (portal page) ?
''

'' I think this is Portal of France, not a article about France country. So these templates maybe apply correctly for France more than here (it's fully and useful in France article already). Just a little idea. nnq2603 14:32, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

Redesign proposal for Wikiproject France
Wikiproject France has been experiencing increased collaboration and traffic. As such, I have proposed a draft of a redesign of the Project page, in order to foster increased communication and collaboration between editors. I also would like to implement a review department similar to Military History and Chicago, in order that articles can get increased momentum and knowledgeable input through the review processes. I believe this would help us create the most informative and accurate encyclopedia on French topics. If interested, please add your input to the discussion. Kindly, Lazulilasher (talk) 23:12, 14 September 2008 (UTC)

Failure to maintain
I've had a look at the portal and it seems to fail the current Featured portal criteria, particularly 1(d) "Well-maintained", where it says that "Featured portals that require maintenance and are not updated for three or more months are summarily demoted." The problems I've spotted are these: I will leave messages at WP:FRANCE and see whether there are any improvements quickly, otherwise a visit to Featured Portal Review looms... It would probably be a good idea to have a look at some of the recent Featured Portals to see how to use a system of random subpages so that manual or monthly updates are no longer necessary. BencherliteTalk 12:58, 28 September 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) News - not updated since October 2008
 * 2) Featured article - not updated since December 2008
 * 3) Featured personality - not updated since December 2008
 * 4) Featured picture – not updated since December 2008 until today, when I reverted to an archive picture because the image of the European Parliament was deleted on Commons with nobody noticing until now
 * 5) No changes to "Did you know?" since November 2008
 * Who could help in carrying out a quick selection process? As already 2009 was not set, I would propose to select the earliest 2009 FA for a personality and a non-biography article that was not yet included. Any other thoughts? --Anneyh (talk) 16:58, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

DYK using subpages?
I've switched the "Selected article" and "Selected biography" boxes to use Random portal component. I propose to do the same thing with the "Did you know" box, using this rather slow toolserver query to find talk pages tagged both with the "Wikiproject France" banner and the "Did you know" box. There are over 800, so putting together 10 or more sets of 6-7 varied facts shouldn't be difficult.

Any objections? I'll tackle this next week if I don't hear from anyone. -- John of Reading (talk) 13:12, 6 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Done. Portal:Arts uses set of three, so I've copied that. There are 15 sets so far, each with a picture. -- John of Reading (talk) 21:07, 13 November 2012 (UTC)

Categories for years in French sport(s)
The categories for years in French sports back to about 1892 have been created recently, mainly as a parent category for seasons in French rugby union, see say Category:1995 in French sports. But the years from 1997 to 2010 were up for speedy deletion as empty categories, so I have put them up for full discussion, see eg via Category:2000 in French sports. And if retained the parent categories Category:Sports in France by year and Category:Seasons in French rugby union should be introduced. Hugo999 (talk) 09:17, 9 March 2013 (UTC)
 * I am surprised that they've been deleted.  Occult Zone  ( Talk ) 03:08, 24 May 2014 (UTC)

Please review Neuville-Saint-Vaast
Neuville-Saint-Vaast is a stub. I added some useful content and another editor Reverted it.

We need another opinion from some of you. Are these not important to the article about the village?

1. Battle of Vimy Ridge happened right beside the village. 2. The Canadian National Vimy Memorial right beside the village. 3. TheNeuville-St Vaast German war cemetery with 44,833 buried here. 4. The attendance of world leaders at the Memorial ceremony on 9 April 2017. ''Canada's Governor General David Johnston; Prince Charles; Prince William, Duke of Cambridge; Prince Harry; and Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. Also, President François Hollande and Prime Minister Bernard Cazeneuve of France.'' After the edit by User:Miesianiacal there is no longer a word about any of these topics. Peter K Burian (talk) 17:57, 9 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Now only the information about the attendance at the ceremony not taking place in the town or focused on the town is absent from the article about the town. -- ₪   MIESIANIACAL  18:03, 9 April 2017 (UTC)

Notice from the Portals WikiProject
WikiProject Portals is back!

The project was rebooted and completely overhauled on April 17th, 2018. Its goals are to revitalize the entire portal system, make building and maintaining portals easier, support the ongoing improvement of portals and the editors dedicated to this, and design the portals of the future.

As of May 2nd, 2018, membership is at 60 editors, and growing. You are welcome to join us.

There are design initiatives for revitalizing the portals system as a whole, and for improving each component of portals. So far, 2 new dynamic components have been developed: Template:Transclude lead excerpt and Template:Transclude random excerpt.

Tools are provided for building and maintaining portals, including automated portals that update themselves in various ways.

And, if you are bored and would like something to occupy your mind, we have a wonderful task list.

From your friendly neighborhood Portals WikiProject. Hope to see you there. Sincerely,    — The Transhumanist   07:30, 2 May 2018 (UTC)

"Portal:Corsica" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Portal:Corsica. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 09:37, 5 August 2019 (UTC)

Portal expanded
The portal has been expanded with the addition of a new Good article section. The article selections listed below are presently in place. Additional expansion, updating and cleanup was also performed. If anyone is interested, please feel free to discuss these changes here. North America1000 16:05, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Good articles
1 Great French Wine Blight 2 French cuisine 3 National Rally (France) 4 Operation Overlord 5 Carménère 6 Valérian and Laureline 7 Louvre 8 French prisoners of war in World War II 9 Auxois 10 A Trip to the Moon 11 Algeciras campaign 12 French Sudan 13 La Pausa 14 Korkoro 15 Siege of the Salamanca Forts 16 Moustache (dog) 17 Renault Agriculture 18 Ouvrage La Ferté 19 Morea expedition 20 Rififi

 * Additional articles for the portal can be considered from those available in the table listed below.

 * Update: More GA-class articles have been added to the portal (diff). North America1000 11:17, 27 September 2019 (UTC)

French legislative election(s): plural or singular?
Hérisson grognon (talk) 19:25, 12 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:France


text:
James Argue

James Henthorne Argue (2 June 1848 – 4 March 1927 ) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1899 to 1914, as a member of the Conservative Party.

Argue was born in Ireland, and received a grammar school education. He worked as a farmer after moving in Manitoba, and served for fifteen years as a local reeve and councillor. In religion, he was a member of the Church of England.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1899 provincial election, defeating Liberal incumbent Thomas Dickey by seventy-seven votes in the Avondale constituency. The Conservatives won this election, and Argue served in the legislature as a government backbencher. He was re-elected in the campaigns of 1903, 1907 and 1910, and did not seek re-election in 1914.

He later moved to Vancouver, where he died in 1927.

His son, James O. Argue, was a Progressive Conservative member of the legislature from 1945 to 1955.

title: James Argue


text:
User talk:Picklyw00fer

Welcome to Wikipedia!
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If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 21:51, 29 August 2005 (UTC).

Nonsense
Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you.--MONGO 07:52, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Picklyw00fer


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The grand dean block association

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  09:09, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

The grand dean block association
no evidence of notability; very POV and somewhat bitchy Natgoo 21:51, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom. Groeck 22:08, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn, kind of a rant. Doesn't even tell us where this block is. --  Etacar11   03:00, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Neville Robinson

Frank Neville Hosband Robinson (13 April 1925 – 19 October 1996) was an English physicist.

Neville Robinson was educated at The Leys School in Cambridge, England, and Christ's College, Cambridge, where he studied Physics.

Robinson initially worked as a civil servant at the Services Electronic Research Laboratory (SERL) in Baldock, Hertfordshire, under the director Robert Sutton. He then moved to the Clarendon Laboratory at Oxford University to undertake a DPhil doctorate degree in low temperature physics, as a Nuffield Research Fellow (1950–54). With Jim Daniels and Michael Grace, he produced an example of nuclear orientation for the first time. Then in 1951, in the first nuclear cooling experiment, he produced the lowest temperature ever achieved until then at only ten millionths of a degree Kelvin above absolute zero.

Robinson was an English Electric Research Fellow from 1955 to 1959. He was a faculty fellow at Nuffield College, Oxford, from 1958 to 1961, immediately followed by becoming a founding fellow of St Catherine's College, Oxford, where he stayed until his retirement in 1992. He was also a senior research officer at Oxford University during 1959 to 1992, working at the Clarendon Laboratory. During his career, he visited Bell Telephone Laboratories in New Jersey, United States, three times while on sabbatical leave (during 1954–55, 1965–66, and 1973–74).

In 1973, Robinson published the book Macroscopic Electromagnetism, a standard text. His paper Microwave shot noise and minimum noise factor was awarded the Clerk Maxwell Prize in 1954 by the British Institution of Radio Engineers. Importantly, he invented the Robinson oscillator in the field of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), which now forms the underlying basis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) systems used in many hospitals.

Family
Robinson married Daphne Coulthard in 1952. They had three children including the doctor Natasha Robinson, author Andrew Robinson and the diplomat Vicky Bowman. He died of a heart attack, aged 71, in Colmar, France.

title: Neville Robinson


text:
User talk:JoeShaw

Welcome to Wikipedia!
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If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

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If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 21:52, 29 August 2005 (UTC).

title: User talk:JoeShaw


text:
Merwin House (Stockbridge, Massachusetts)

Merwin House, also known as Tranquility, is a house located at 14 Main Street, Stockbridge, Massachusetts, USA. It is now a non-profit museum operated by Historic New England and sometimes open to the public. An admission fee is charged.

The original brick, Federal-style house was constructed c. 1825 by the Dresser family, who sold it to William and Elizabeth Doane of New York City as a summer home in 1875. They doubled its size by adding a shingle-style ell, and also remodeled its interior. It was donated to the public by the Doanes' daughter, Vipont Merwin, who was born in the house in 1878 and died there in 1965. The property was acquired by Historic New England in 1966, whereupon it became a museum.

The house currently reflects furnishings and a lifestyle of the late 19th century, with period antiques and items collected during world travel.


text:
San Benedetto in Perillis

San Benedetto in Perillis is a town and comune in the province of L'Aquila, Abruzzo, central Italy. The town is 43 km from the regional capital, L'Aquila.

History
In the High Middle Ages, a monastery was built here to serve the peasantry of L'Aquila. Charles V of Spain later granted the lands around the town to one of the captains of his army. Eventually, the Caracciolo family took control of the area, being replaced in the 18th century by the Celestine Fathers of L'Aquila.

Main sights

 * Church of S. Benedict
 * Church of S. Maria delle Grazie

In popular culture
The movie Ladyhawke (1985) was filmed in the monastery of San Benedetto.

title: San Benedetto in Perillis


text:
Arthur Gore (tennis)

Arthur William Charles Wentworth Gore (2 January 1868 – 1 December 1928) was a British tennis player.

He is best known for winning three singles titles at the Wimbledon Championship and was runner-up a record 5 times (shared with Herbert Lawford). He also won gold medals at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, England, winning the Men's Indoor Singles and the Men's Indoor Doubles (with Herbert Barrett). He also competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. Gore's Wimbledon win in 1909, at age 41, makes him the oldest player to date to hold the Wimbledon Gentlemen's Singles title.

Early life
Gore was born in Lyndhurst, Hampshire, and grew up in France, the third son of Captain Augustus Frederick Wentworth Gore and Hon. Emily Anne Curzon. His father was the sole surviving son of noted novelist Catherine Gore and Charles Arthur Gore. His mother was a member of the Curzon family, the daughter of MP Robert Curzon and granddaughter of Viscount Curzon.

Career
He played his first tournament at London Athletic Club in 1887, and his first title came at a grass court tournament in Stevenage in August 1888. Gore won the singles title at the Scottish Championships in 1892 and successfully defended the title in the Challenge Round in 1893. In 1894 he won the North London Championships on grass, a tournament that he won five times (1894, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1906). He won the singles title at the Kent Championships on two occasions; in 1900 by defeating Harold Mahony in the final in straight sets, and in 1906 against A.L. Bentley, also in straight sets. In 1900 and 1908 he won the singles title at the British Covered Court Championships, played at the Queen's Club in London. In May 1908 he won the singles title at the British Covered Court Championships, played at the Queen's Club in London, defeating New Zealander Anthony Wilding in the Challenge Round in four sets. Gore had the longest ever span (34 years) in the Wimbledon men's singles (he entered a record 30 times in singles from 1888 to 1922)., In addition he also won the Leicestershire Championships three times (1913, 1914, 1919) and the Nottinghamshire Championships four times (1905, 1910, 1912, 1913). He also holds the all-time record for the longest tennis career of any player between their first and last titles, that being 30 years, 11 months and one day. Gore was a successful all surface player winning 51 singles titles and reaching the finals of 26 other tournaments on clay, grass and hard asphalt & wood courts from 1888 to 1919.

Gore was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2006.

Performance timeline
Events with a challenge round: (WC) won; (CR) lost the challenge round; (FA) all comers' finalist

title: Arthur Gore (tennis)


text: User talk:69.227.54.244

title: User talk:69.227.54.244


text:
User talk:Daemondust

Welcome to Wikipedia!
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If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 21:53, 29 August 2005 (UTC).

title: User talk:Daemondust


text:
Palo Alto, Aguascalientes

Palo Alto is a town in the Mexican state of Aguascalientes. It stands at 21.91667°N, -101.96667°W. It serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipalities of El Llano.

As of 2010, Palo Alto had a total population of 5,399.

title: Palo Alto, Aguascalientes


text:
International Dark Sky Week

International Dark Sky Week (formerly the National Dark Sky Week) is held during the week of the new moon in April, when people worldwide may turn off their lights to observe the beauty of the night sky without light pollution. This event was founded in 2003 by high school student Jennifer Barlow of Midlothian, Virginia. It has been endorsed by the International Dark-Sky Association, the American Astronomical Society, the Astronomical League, and Sky & Telescope.

Goal
The goals of the event are to:
 * Temporarily reduce light pollution and raise awareness about its effects on the night sky,
 * Encourage the use of better lighting systems that direct light downward instead of into the sky, and
 * Promote the study of astronomy.

This event always occurs in April, during the week of the new moon so that the sky can be as dark as possible for optimum viewing conditions.

Jennifer Barlow states, "The night sky is a gift of such tremendous beauty that should not be hidden under a blanket of wasted light. It should be visible so that future generations do not lose touch with the wonder of our universe." Barlow explains, "It is my wish that people see the night sky in all of its glory, without excess light in the sky as our ancestors saw it hundreds of years ago."

Participation
Willing participants in this project turn off all unnecessary lighting indoors and outdoors sources in order to reduce light pollution of the night sky.

The International Dark-Sky Association encourages light users to take precautions against outdoor light pollution by:

 * Using outdoor light only when needed
 * Confine light to specific areas
 * Be aware that lights need only be as bright as it is necessary
 * Reducing the amount of blue light emissions used
 * Use of lighting that faces downward, in order to avoid over illumination, called fully shielded fixtures

Types of light pollution
Light pollution is a broad term used to define excess artificial light that brightens the night sky. Types of light pollution which include:
 * Skyglow, a hazy glow produced by the reflection water molecules in the air that encompasses cities which prevent the night sky to be fully seen.
 * Light trespass is a condition in which light is oriented into areas in which it is not needed. A common example is street lighting projecting in all directions including the sky which creates a hazy reflection upon the night sky, making it difficult for star observation.
 * Over-illumination is the excess supply of light used beyond what is necessary for safety and efficiency.
 * Light clutter which refers to the common organizational groupings of lights in cities and roadways.
 * Glare is an impeding bright light which cause temporary impairments to human sight. There are three classifications of glare, blinding glare, disability glare and discomfort glare.

Implications of light pollution
Light pollution is the adverse effects of artificial light.

Affected parties of light pollution include:

Astronomers:

By increasing the number of participants, the quality of viewing the sky and stars will be temporarily improved. This is of benefit to astronomers who are faced with light pollution issues such as light trespass and skyglow.

Nocturnal wildlife:

Several animal species have been documented to be affected by light pollution. The glare of street lights causes distraction to nocturnal birds in flight, leading to bird crashes into sky scrapers and buildings. The use of light may also cause birds to reproduce or migrate too early. The feeding behavior of insects, bats, sea turtles, fish, and reptiles reflect alterations by artificial light. Sea turtles mistake the glow of electric lights for the shimmer of the ocean, leading them to flock outside of their nest into hazardous areas.

Human circadian rhythm and sleep patterns:

Exposure to light during traditional sleeping hours are documented to cause disruptions in the circadian rhythm that regulate human sleep cycles. Biologists have noted a decrease in the amount of melatonin, a natural hormone that regulates the Circadian rhythm, in humans that are exposed to light pollution of the night sky. In order to prevent major impact, biologists suggest increasing the amount of natural light exposure during the day and decreasing the amount of electrical light consumed at night.

Growth patterns of plants and trees:

The growing pattern of trees have been disrupted and less adjusted to seasonal changes in weather and light exposure.

Waste of economic resources:

Leaving lights on that are not in use can lead to the waste of economic cost expenditures. Conservation and efficiency is necessary for environmental responsibility. The invention of LED lights, dimmers, motion sensors and times have reduced the amount of energy used.

Legislation
Currently, there are no nationwide standards regarding light pollution. However, select cities across the United States and Canada are taking initiative to facilitate dark sky cities in order to reduce light pollution and view the night sky within city limits.

Event dates
{{legend|#ccffcc|indicates upcoming event}} {{legend|#a5a5d9|indicates ongoing event}}

title: International Dark Sky Week


text:
User talk:Vay~enwiki

Welcome to Wikipedia!
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If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the  link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

If, for some reason, you are unable to fix a problem yourself, feel free to ask someone else to do it. Wikipedia has a vibrant community of contributors who have a wide range of skills and specialties, and many of them would be glad to help. As well as the wiki community pages there are IRC Channels, where you are more than welcome to ask for assistance.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks and happy editing, Alf 21:54, 29 August 2005 (UTC).

szia, látom te is dolgozol a magyar történelemmel kapcsolatos szócikkeken. Sajnos, a helyzet elég rossz, minden segítségre nagy szükség van! Nemrég kezdtem el vmi összmagyar együttműködést szervezni töris ügyekben, h hatékonyabban képviseljük az érdekeinket. A magyar wiki levlistáját fogjuk erre használni. Ha nem vagy feliratkozva, küldök neked meghívót, a címemet megtalálod a talk page-emen. Isten hozott a "fronton" :) Zello 20:19, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

Ja, és még van itt egy ilyen is: Category: Wikipedians in Hungary. Please subscribe! Zello 22:25, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

The medieval Székely society
Could you please have a look at the new paragraph I wrote in Székelyföld. If there are no objections I will translate it into English, too. --KIDB 08:46, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Vay. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Vay~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:17, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:11, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vay~enwiki