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Kenta Kobayashi

Kenta Kobayashi (小林 健太), known mononymously as Kenta (stylised in all caps), is a Japanese professional wrestler. He currently works for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where he is a member of the Bullet Club stable. A former amateur kickboxer, Kobayashi's wrestling style is based upon strong kicks and strikes. Kobayashi pioneered both the Go 2 Sleep and Busaiku Knee kick finishing manoeuvres, later popularized by CM Punk and Bryan Danielson, respectively.

Kobayashi started his career in All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), before moving to Pro Wrestling Noah; through Noah's involvement in the Global Professional Wrestling Alliance (GPWA), a global organization of cooperative promotions that allow their competitors to travel abroad to other companies, he has wrestled extensively in American promotion Ring of Honor (ROH). In Noah, he was a one-time GHC Heavyweight Champion, three-time GHC Junior Heavyweight Champion, three-time GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Champion, and one-time GHC Tag Team Champion. He was also the winner of the 2012 Global League and the 2013 Global Tag League tournaments.

He is also well known for his tenure in American promotion WWE where he worked under the name Hideo Itami (ヒデオ・イタミ) in the company's developmental territory NXT and later in their cruiserweight exclusive brand 205 Live. In 2019, he departed from WWE, and in May, appeared for NJPW, announcing his participation in that year's G1 Climax and aligned with former tag partner Katsuyori Shibata. He turned on Shibata and joined the Bullet Club, and has since held the Strong Openweight Championship twice and NEVER Openweight Championship and the IWGP United States Heavyweight Championship once each.

Early life
Kobayashi was born on March 12, 1981, in Sōka, Japan. He trained under Kenta Kobashi and Yoshihiro Takayama.

All Japan Pro Wrestling (2000)
Prior to wrestling professionally, Kobayashi had a variety of athletic backgrounds, practicing baseball and kickboxing; the latter came to be a strong foundation in his wrestling style often referred to as shoot style. Kobayashi made his professional wrestling debut on May 24, 2000, against future ally and rival, Naomichi Marufuji, in All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) to compete in their junior heavyweight division. He did not remain in the company long as Mitsuharu Misawa, acting president of AJPW, decided to leave the company following a dispute, leading to Misawa forming his own company, Pro Wrestling Noah.

Early appearances and Burning (2000–2003)
One of Misawa's focuses in his new promotion was the junior heavyweight division, which never was treated with high regard in AJPW despite the successes in other promotions. Being sidelined with injuries for the majority of Noah's first year of operation, Kobayashi made his return in July 2001, simply named Kenta.

Kenta's first involvement in a championship situation came when Naomichi Marufuji was forced to vacate the GHC Junior Heavyweight Championship after suffering a knee injury; Kenta entered into the tournament held to determine a new champion. He advanced to the finals by defeating Kotaro Suzuki and Tsuyoshi Kikuchi before losing to Yoshinobu Kanemaru on the Navigation with Breeze Tour in June 2002. Following his relative success in the tournament, Kenta had an increase in his popularity, and he joined his mentor, Kenta Kobashi, in the faction Burning.

Junior Heavyweight Championship success (2003–2011)
March 1, 2003, saw Kenta team with Naomichi Marufuji for the first time against Makoto Hashi and Yoshinobu Kanemaru in a winning effort. They began teaming regularly as the two entered into a tournament to christen the first GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Champions during the company's Accomplish Our Third Navigation tour; they went to win the tournament by defeating junior heavyweight veterans Jyushin Thunder Liger and Takehiro Murahama in the finals on July 16. While defending the tag team title, Kenta continued his venture in hopes of winning the GHC Junior Heavyweight title once again on November 30, 2003, in an unsuccessful bid against Takashi Sugiura.

As part of a reward for the way Kenta performed, he earned himself a trial series of seven matches going into the next year, seeing Kenta able to challenge more established stars in an attempt to elevate his status. Kenta began his trial series on the First Navigation tour, beating Juventud Guerrera. This was followed by defeats to Yoshinari Ogawa and Jun Akiyama. The final match of the series was a loss against Marufuji in October. While the series was taking place, Kenta and Marufuji continued defending their title against a number of challengers: El Samurai and Ryusuke Taguchi, Yoshinari Ogawa and Kotaro Suzuki, Suzuki and Ricky Marvin, Marvin and Suwa and, on Noah's first Tokyo Dome show, against Kendo Kashin and Takashi Sugiura. Their reign as champions came to an end in June 2005 after almost two years by Kanemaru and Sugiura after the latter pinned Kenta.

Kenta's first major rivalry in singles competition began in March 2005 following a dispute with SUWA, which led to a series of confrontations between the two, including a violent match that ended in his opponent getting disqualified for assaulting the referee. This led to Kenta getting one more chance to challenge for the Junior Heavyweight title against Yoshinobu Kanemaru at Destiny on July 18, which saw him win the title. He made his first defense two months later against Suwa, then against Kotaro Suzuki as his alter ego, Mushiking Terry. Simultaneously, Kenta began teaming with Katsuyori Shibata as The Takeover, challenging for the GHC Tag Team Championship, the heavyweight version of the company's tag team title.

On March 5, 2006, Kenta faced a major challenge in Kenta Kobashi, which saw him lose following a Burning Hammer. This was followed by a loss of the Junior Heavyweight title on June 4 to Takashi Sugiura. This saw Kenta shift his attention to the GHC Heavyweight Championship, challenging Naomichi Marufuji, losing in a match which won numerous awards and accolades from the wrestling media.

Kenta spent the majority of his 2007 time in Noah wrestling a variety of tag team and six-man tag team matches with protégé Taiji Ishimori and Akitoshi Saito as partners. He saw most of his success with Ishimori as the two had critically acclaimed matches against a wide variety of competitors, including Ring of Honor (ROH) competitors on loan to the company due to the talent exchange agreement, the Global Professional Wrestling Alliance (GPWA), between ROH and Noah: the Briscoe Brothers, Davey Richards, and Bryan Danielson. As Kenta and Ishimori progressed as a unit, they entered the first NTV Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Tournament; in the finals they beat Marufuji and Kota Ibushi to win the tournament. They later challenged the GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Champions, Dragon Gate wrestlers BxB Hulk and Shingo Takagi, in a winning effort before losing them to Yoshinobu Kanemaru and Kotaro Suzuki, only to defeat the team to win the second NTV Junior Heavyweight Tag Team League Tournament.

Following his loss of the tag title, Kenta returned to competing in singles competition by defeating Bryan Danielson for his second GHC Junior Heavyweight Championship, which led to a match with Marufuji, who had won the World Junior Heavyweight Championship, to attempt to unify the titles; the match ended in a sixty-minute draw, keeping the titles in the hands of their respective holder, while gaining favorable reviews for their efforts by the media with some claiming it to be a Match of the Year. Kenta lost the title in February 2009 to rival in their interpromotional rivalry with another member of the GPWA in the Kensuke Office, Katsuhiko Nakajima, only to win it back in the next month. In October, Kobayashi was forced to vacate the title after suffering a knee injury, which would keep him sidelined for over seven months.

Kobayashi made his return from injury on June 6, 2010, losing to Naomichi Marufuji in a GHC Junior Heavyweight Championship number one contender's match. On October 30, 2010, Kenta and Atsushi Aoki defeated Roderick Strong and Eddie Edwards in the finals of a tournament to win the 2010 Nippon TV Cup Junior Heavyweight Tag League. As a result, Kenta and Aoki received a shot at the GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship, but were defeated by the champions, New Japan Pro-Wrestling representatives Koji Kanemoto and Tiger Mask, on November 23, 2010. On January 29, 2011, Kenta turned heel and join the Disobey stable with members Muhammad Yone, Yoshinobu Kanemaru and Genba Hirayanagi. Kenta would change his look and attitude. Then on March 5, he turned on Yone, removing him from the group. One week later, he renamed the stable No Mercy. On May 25 Kenta and Yoshinobu Kanemaru defeated Atsushi Aoki and Kotaro Suzuki of the ANMU stable to win the vacant GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship. After months of trying to persuade his mentor Yoshihiro Takayama to join No Mercy, on June 26 Takayama turned on his partner Takuma Sano during a tag match against Kenta and Kanemaru and became the fourth member of the group. Kenta and Kanemaru would then make it to the finals of the Junior Tag League on July 30. They lost to Atsushi Aoki and Kotaro Suzuki. Then on August 18, 2011, Kenta and Yoshihiro Takayama won the Noah 2 Day Tag Team Tournament. On August 24, Kenta and Kanemaru successfully defended their tag title against Aoki and Suzuki, who got the shot due to their victory in the Junior Tag League. On September 23, Kenta confronted GHC Heavyweight Champion Go Shiozaki after he defeated Takayama to retain the title. Kenta got a number one contender's match with Takashi Sugiura, which he won on October 10. Kenta and Kanemaru lost the GHC Junior Heavyweight tag title to Aoki and Suzuki on October 16.

Transition to the heavyweight division (2011–2013)
At Noah's Halloween show on October 31, 2011, Kenta challenged the NJPW team Bad Intentions (Giant Bernard and Karl Anderson) for the GHC Heavyweight Tag Team Championship with Yoshihiro Takayama. The match was set for 2012, but never happened due to injury. In November, Kenta entered Noah's Global Tag League and developed a new submission move he called "Game Over" to help him dispatch heavyweights. Kenta would make it to the finals on November 20, but would lose to Takeshi Morishima. On November 27, he lost to Go Shiozaki in his GHC Heavyweight title shot. In December 2011, Kenta tore his ACL again, forcing him to undergo another surgery to repair it. It was announced that he would be out of action for six to seven months. Tokyo Sports named Kenta the 2011 Technical Wrestler of the Year. Despite his injury, Kenta would stay in Noah and manage No Mercy during his injury. On February 14, 2012, Kenta recruited Shuhei Taniguchi as the fifth member of No Mercy and change his name to Maybach, becoming his mouthpiece and talking for him.

Kenta made his in-ring return on July 22, 2012, losing to Naomichi Marufuji. On October 8, Kenta and Maybach Taniguchi defeated Magnus and Samoa Joe to win the GHC Tag Team Championship for the first time. However, they lost the title to Akitoshi Saito and Go Shiozaki just eighteen days later. On November 23, Kenta won the 2012 Global League.

Heavyweight Champion (2013–2014)
On January 27, 2013, Kenta defeated Takeshi Morishima for the GHC Heavyweight Championship at Great Voyage 2013. On February 9, Maybach Taniguchi turned on Kenta and stole his Heavyweight Championship belt. The following week, Kenta took part in a South American tour with the Alianza Latinoamericana de Lucha Libre (AULL) promotion, during which he won the Torneo Latino Americano de Lucha Libre, defeating Super Crazy in the finals. On March 10, Kenta defeated Maybach Taniguchi for his first successful defense of the GHC Heavyweight Championship. On April 28, Kenta and Yoshihiro Takayama defeated Katsuhiko Nakajima and Kensuke Sasaki in the finals to win the 2013 Global Tag League. On May 11, Kenta took part in Kenta Kobashi's retirement match at Final Burning in Budokan, where he, Go Shiozaki, Maybach Taniguchi, and Yoshinobu Kanemaru were defeated by Kobashi, Jun Akiyama, Keiji Muto, and Kensuke Sasaki. The following day, Kenta made his second successful defense of the GHC Heavyweight Championship against Takashi Sugiura. On June 2, Kenta defeated New Japan Pro-Wrestling representative and reigning GHC Tag Team Champion Toru Yano for his third successful title defense. Six days later, Kenta was pinned by Yano in a GHC Tag Team Championship match, where he and Yoshihiro Takayama unsuccessfully challenged Yano and Takashi Iizuka. On July 7, Kenta made his fourth successful defense of the GHC Heavyweight Championship against Naomichi Marufuji. Kenta's fifth successful title defense took place on August 4, when he defeated Muhammad Yone. Next Kenta defended his title against the reigning GHC Tag Team Champions, first defeating Shane Haste on September 7 and then Mikey Nicholls on September 16. On October 5, Kenta defeated Diamond Ring representative Katsuhiko Nakajima for his eighth successful title defense. With the win, Kenta became the first wrestler to successfully defend the GHC Heavyweight Championship eight times during a calendar year. On December 7, Kenta defeated New Japan representative and winner of the 2013 Global League, Yuji Nagata, for his ninth successful title defense. Kenta's near one-year long reign ended on January 5, 2014, when he lost the title to Takeshi Morishima in his tenth defense.

On February 3, 2014, Kenta and Maybach Taniguchi's long rivalry culminated in a No Disqualification match, where Kenta was victorious. After Yuji Nagata had defeated Morishima to become the GHC Heavyweight Champion, Kenta received the first shot at the new champion, but was defeated in the title match on February 22. On April 30, Noah held a press conference during which Kenta announced his resignation from the promotion. Kenta wrestled his farewell match on May 17, where he and Naomichi Marufuji defeated Katsuhiko Nakajima and Takashi Sugiura.

Sporadic returns (2018, 2023)
While still under WWE contract, Kenta made a one-off return to Noah under his WWE ring name of Hideo Itami on September 1, 2018, losing to Naomichi Marufuji at Marufuji's 20th Anniversary show.

On January 2, 2023, Kenta would make another one-night return to team up with Marufuji and challenge Takashi Sugiura and Satoshi Kojima for the GHC Tag Team Championship at New Year 2023, in an unsuccessful effort.

Ring of Honor (2005–2009)
Aside from competing in Pro Wrestling Noah, Kenta was able to compete abroad in the United States with other participating members of the GPWA. His first appearance in the country was with Ring of Honor at Final Battle 2005, as a fan favorite, defending the GHC Junior Heavyweight title against Low Ki. He returned to the company the following year for Best in the World in New York City on March 25 where he and Naomichi Marufuji defeated the team of Samoa Joe and ROH World champion Bryan Danielson after Kenta connected with his finishing strike, the Go 2 Sleep, on Danielson. Kenta returned for In Your Face featuring him in a three-way match against Joe and Danielson, which ended in similar fashion.

Kenta's first loss in the company came in the form of a tag team match, which saw his partner, Davey Richards, get pinned in a match against the Briscoe Brothers. This led to a series of matches with the two against each other, as well as reluctant partners. At Glory by Honor V: Night 2, Kenta received another match against Danielson for the ROH World title, which saw him submit to Danielson's signature hold, the Cattle Mutilation.

Kenta made his return to Ring of Honor on May 11 of the next year against Delirious in a winning effort. Ring of Honor made its pay per view debut with the show, Respect is Earned, teaming with Nigel McGuinness against Danielson and Takeshi Morishima in a losing effort, after which Kenta spent several months with the company competing against rival, Davey Richards and his contingency, the No Remorse Corps. Kenta made his next appearance on the Glory By Honor VI tour; the first night had him team with the GHC Heavyweight Champion Mitsuharu Misawa against Takeshi Morishima and Naomichi Marufuji, with the match ending in a thirty-minute time limit draw. The following night, Kenta wrestled Misawa for the GHC Heavyweight Championship in a losing effort.

Kenta made his return in 2009 against ROH World Champion, Nigel McGuinness in a losing effort at the company's seventh anniversary show. He returned a few weeks later to challenge Davey Richards once more, as well as make his second pay per view appearance for Take No Prisoners teaming with Tyler Black against Katsuhiko Nakajima and Austin Aries. Kobayashi was scheduled to return to ROH in November 2009, but was forced to cancel the appearances after suffering a knee injury.

NXT (2014–2017)
On January 27, 2014, Kenta, with Noah's blessing, entered WWE's Performance Center in Orlando, Florida, for a tryout. In a press release, Kenta claimed that he was not after a WWE contract, but only wanted to fulfill a dream and take part in a WWE workout. On June 27, Tokyo Sports reported that Kenta had signed with WWE. His signing was officially announced during an in-ring segment on July 12 in Osaka. Kobayashi relocated to Orlando to resume training at the Performance Center, while also working for WWE's developmental territory NXT.

Kobayashi debuted on September 11 at NXT TakeOver: Fatal 4-Way, introduced by William Regal, where he announced his new ring name, "Hideo Itami", meaning "Hero of Pain", and fended off The Ascension when they interrupted the segment to confront Regal. Itami made his in-ring debut at the following day's tapings of NXT, defeating Justin Gabriel, after which he was attacked by The Ascension. During the following weeks, Itami kept engaging The Ascension in brawls, but continually lost due to the numbers disadvantage; the storyline was that as a newcomer in NXT, Itami did not have any friends in the locker room to help him. This continued until November, when Finn Bálor debuted as Itami's new partner. After weeks of feuding with The Ascension, Itami and Bálor defeated them at NXT TakeOver: R Evolution on December 11. Itami then participated in an NXT Championship number one contender's tournament, defeating Tyler Breeze in the first round, starting a feud between the two. He suffered his first defeat in NXT on January 15, 2015, when he was defeated by Bálor in the semi-finals, thus eliminating him from the tournament. At NXT TakeOver: Rival, Itami defeated Breeze in a rematch. They continued to exchange victories over each other until Itami lost a two-out-of-three falls match to Breeze on the April 1 episode of NXT to end the feud. On March 27, Itami won the WrestleMania Axxess NXT tournament by defeating Adrian Neville and then Finn Bálor to get a spot in the André the Giant Memorial Battle Royal on the pre-show of WrestleMania 31, where he was eliminated by eventual winner Big Show.

On May 20 at NXT TakeOver: Unstoppable, Itami was scheduled to face Finn Bálor and Tyler Breeze in a triple threat match to determine the number one contender for the NXT Championship; however, Itami was ruled out due to injury after an attack he suffered before the event started. This was made as Itami had suffered a legitimate shoulder injury, which required surgery and was expected to sideline him for six months. In January 2016, it was reported that Itami had suffered complications with his shoulder and was "nowhere close to being able to return".

After over a year of inactivity, Itami returned to the ring on June 30, 2016, at an NXT live event, teaming with TM-61 to defeat Samoa Joe, Blake and Tino Sabbatelli in a six-man tag team match. On August 3, Itami made his televised return, defeating Cruiserweight Classic competitor Sean Maluta. At NXT TakeOver: Brooklyn II, Itami confronted Austin Aries, following the latter's match with No Way Jose, exchanging blows before attacking Aries with a GTS. On October 12 at an NXT live event, Itami suffered a neck injury after a botched powerslam from Riddick Moss and would not be able to team with Kota Ibushi in the Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic in which he was scheduled to compete. In a video announcement published on October 18, Itami vowed to return to in-ring competition at NXT's first show in Japan on December 3. However, at the event, Itami did not compete but was instead in an in-ring segment alongside William Regal where they talked to the crowd.

Itami made his televised return on April 19, 2017, where he confronted NXT Champion Bobby Roode, before slapping him and executing a GTS. This led to a match at NXT TakeOver: Chicago, in which Itami was unsuccessful in winning the title from Roode. On the June 7 episode of NXT, furious after his loss to Roode, Itami faced Oney Lorcan, which ended in a no-contest after Itami performed three GTSs on Lorcan until Kassius Ohno attempted to save Lorcan, teasing a heel turn and a feud between the pair. On the July 5 episode of NXT, Itami teamed with Ohno in a tag team match against Sanity (Killian Dain and Alexander Wolfe), but lost after Itami refused to tag in Ohno. On the July 26 episode of NXT, Itami faced Ohno in the main event, which ended after Itami intentionally disqualified himself with a low blow to Ohno before viciously attacking and laying him out after two GTSs, followed by a third onto the steel steps, cementing his heel turn. On the August 2 edition of NXT, Itami cut an in-ring promo, demanding respect from the fans. He was interrupted by Aleister Black, who was scheduled to face Kyle O'Reilly in the night's main event. After a stare down between the two, Black hit Itami with Black Mass. Itami attempted to assault Black following the event, but the two were separated by fellow talent. At NXT TakeOver: Brooklyn III, Itami was defeated by Black. In his last NXT match, Itami defeated Fabian Aichner at a live event on December 16.

205 Live and departure (2017–2019)
On November 21, 2017, it was announced that Itami would be moving to the main roster as part of the cruiserweight division on 205 Live. On the December 18 episode of Raw, Itami would make his main roster debut, aiding Finn Bálor to fend off and face Curtis Axel and Bo Dallas in a tag team match, which Itami and Bálor would win, turning face in the process. On the December 25 episode of Raw, Itami would defeat The Brian Kendrick, in which Kendrick would suffer an injury following a Go to Sleep by Itami. This would lead to Itami entering a short feud with Kendrick's tag team partner, Gentleman Jack Gallagher.

On the February 6 episode of 205 Live, Itami would be defeated by Roderick Strong in the first round of the WWE Cruiserweight Championship tournament. During the following month, Itami would have a feud with fellow Japanese wrestler Akira Tozawa, Mustafa Ali and was involved into the orbit for Cedric Alexander's Cruiserweight Championship. He participated in a fatal four-way match involving cruiserweight champion Buddy Murphy, Kalisto, and Tozawa at the Royal Rumble, where he lost after being pinned by Murphy.

On January 29, it was reported that Itami requested and was granted his release from the company after a five-year run. This was followed by multiple members of the roster saying goodbye to Itami on social media. On February 4, 2019, the WWE Performance Center YouTube channel that documents the Superstars travel and backstage life released a video chronicling Itami's last week in WWE. The video features Itami working with Daivari and talking about his struggles with learning to speak and understand English. The end of the video sees Hideo walking back to gorilla position and being given a standing ovation from those in the backstage area. On February 22, Kobayashi was officially released by WWE, as the company formally acknowledged his departure on Twitter.

In 2020, when he was working with NJPW, Kenta said that his time with WWE were "the most frustrating days of my life".

Bullet Club and NEVER Openweight Champion (2019–2020)
Kenta made his surprise debut for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) on June 9, 2019, at the Dominion 6.9 in Osaka-jo Hall event as a face, with Katsuyori Shibata as his manager, announcing his participation in the 2019 G1 Climax tournament. Kenta made his in-ring debut for NJPW on July 6, defeating Kota Ibushi as a part of the tournament. Kenta, competing in the A Block of the tournament, stayed undefeated in singles matches for over a month and a half, defeating Hiroshi Tanahashi, Lance Archer, and Evil before suffering his first defeat against IWGP Heavyweight Champion Kazuchika Okada on July 27, as part of the tournament. Kenta would then lose his next four matches against Sanada, Bad Luck Fale, Will Ospreay and Zack Sabre Jr., failing to win the tournament with a final tally of 8 points (four wins and five losses).

On the final night of the tournament, Kenta competed in a six-man tag team match alongside Chaos members Tomohiro Ishii and Yoshi-Hashi against Bullet Club's Bad Luck Fale, Tama Tonga, and Tanga Loa, only to turn on them in the closing moments of the match and assisting the Bullet Club for the victory, turning heel. As Kenta was going to explain his actions, Katsuyori Shibata rushed into the ring and attacked Kenta until the rest of the Bullet Club members ambushed Shibata. At Royal Quest on August 31, Kenta defeated Ishii to win the NEVER Openweight Championship, his first championship in NJPW. The match was criticized because Kobayashi suffered a concussion after a back suplex by Ishii, getting knocked out in the process. However, both continued the match without referee stoppage. He was sent to the hospital after the show. At Destruction in Kagoshima on September 16, Kenta returned and unsuccessfully faced Kota Ibushi for the Tokyo Dome IWGP Heavyweight Championship challenge rights certificate.

At Power Struggle on November 3, Kenta retained his title against Ishii in a rematch. Later in the night, he attacked Hirooki Goto. Kenta lost the NEVER Openweight Championship to Goto at Wrestle Kingdom 14 on January 5, 2020, ending his reign at 127 days with two successful defenses. Later that night, Kenta attacked Tetsuya Naito after his main event match with Kazuchika Okada. Kenta would challenge Naito for both the IWGP Intercontinental and IWGP Heavyweight Championships at The New Beginning in Osaka, where he was defeated.

United States Heavyweight Champion (2020–2022)
In August, Kenta competed in the inaugural New Japan Cup USA tournament, with the winner receiving a match for the IWGP United States Heavyweight Championship. Kenta defeated Karl Fredericks in the first round, Jeff Cobb in the semi-finals, and David Finlay in the finals to win the tournament. Kenta then competed in the 2020 G1 Climax in the B Block, but failed to win with a final score of 10 points. At Power Struggle on November 7, Kenta successfully retained his Right to Challenge contract for the United States Championship against Hiroshi Tanahashi. He was then due to defend the contract against Juice Robinson at Wrestle Kingdom 15, but Robinson suffered an injury and Satoshi Kojima was named as his replacement. At the event on January 4, 2021, Kenta defeated Kojima to retain the Right to Challenge contract. On the January 29 episode of Strong, Kenta was attacked by United States Champion Jon Moxley. It was then announced that Kenta would receive his championship shot against Moxley at The New Beginning USA on February 26, where he was defeated.

In March, Kenta competed in the New Japan Cup, defeating Juice Robinson and Minoru Suzuki, but losing to Shingo Takagi in the quarter-finals. In July at Wrestle Grand Slam in Tokyo Dome, Kenta competed in the New Japan Ranbo for the provisional KOPW Championship, but the match was won by Bullet Club stablemate Chase Owens. Two months later Kenta competed in the G1 Climax 31 tournament, where he competed in the A Block. Kenta finished the tournament with a total of 12 points, finishing joint 3rd in the block, failing to advance to the finals.

At Power Struggle, Kenta defeated Hiroshi Tanahashi to win the IWGP United States Heavyweight Championship. He would lose the title back to Tanahashi three months later on Night 2 of Wrestle Kingdom 16 in a No disqualification match, where in the match Kenta was bloodily injured.

After his recovery, Kenta was announced to be a part of the G1 Climax 32 tournament in July, where he would compete in the C Block. He finished with 6 points, failing to advance to the semi-finals. In October, Kenta competed in a tournament to crown the first ever NJPW World Television Champion, defeating Hirooki Goto, in the first round. In the following round, Kenta was defeated by Sanada.

Championship reigns (2022–present)
In November, Kenta returned to Strong, defeating Bad Dude Tito in his return match. The following month, Kenta won a battle royal, to become the number one contender for the Strong Openweight Championship. Kenta returned to Japan at Wrestle Kingdom 17, competing in the New Japan Ranbo, but failed to last till the final 4. Back in the US, Kenta received his championship match for the Strong Openweight Championship at Battle in the Valley, where he defeated Fred Rosser to win the championship.

Kenta returned to Japan to compete in the 2023 New Japan Cup, receiving a bye to the second round, where he was defeated by Sanada. Later that month, Kenta returned to the US to make his first successful Strong Openweight Championship defense at Multiverse United, defeating Minoru Suzuki. The following month, Kenta defended the title against Eddie Edwards at Capital Collision. In May, at Wrestling Dontaku, Kenta lost the Strong Openweight Championship to former Bullet Club stablemate, Hikuleo, ending his reign at 74 days. Despite this, Kenta regained the championship 18 days later, defeating Hikuleo at Resurgence. On July 5's night 2 of Independence Day, Kenta lost the Strong Openweight Championship to Eddie Kingston, ending his reign at 45 days. Later in the month, Kenta entered the 2023 G1 Climax tournament, competing in the B Block. Kenta finished the tournament with 6 points, therefore failing to advance to the quarterfinals.

On January 5, 2024, at New Year Dash!!, Chase Owens came forward to challenge recently crowned IWGP Tag Team Champions and Strong Openweight Tag Team Champions to a match the Guerrillas of Destiny (El Phantasmo and Hikuleo) to a match with his partner being Kenta, which they accepted. After Kenta and Owens unsuccessfully challenged Phantasmo and Hikuleo for the Strong Openweight Tag Team Championship on February 4 at The New Beginning in Nagoya, Guerrillas of Destiny decided to defend the IWGP Tag Team Championship against them at The New Beginning in Osaka. At the event on February 11, Kenta and Owens defeated Guerrillas of Destiny to win the titles, for the first time in Kneta's career. The following month, Kenta entered the New Japan Cup, but was defeated in the first round by Yoshi-Hashi. They lost the titles to Hirooki Goto and Yoshi-Hashi on April 6 at Sakura Genesis, before regaining them on May 4 at Wrestling Dontaku.

All Elite Wrestling (2021)
Kenta made a surprise appearance for All Elite Wrestling (AEW) at the Beach Break event on February 3, 2021, attacking Jon Moxley. He wrestled his debut match for AEW on the February 10 episode of Dynamite, where he teamed with Kenny Omega to defeat Moxley and Lance Archer in a Falls Count Anywhere tag team match.

Impact Wrestling (2023)
Kenta would make his Impact debut at No Surrender on February 24, teaming with fellow Bullet Club members Chris Bey and Ace Austin, as they would beat Time Machine (Alex Shelley, Chris Sabin and Kushida) in a six-man tag team match. On the following episode of Impact Wrestling, he would face Josh Alexander for the Impact World Championship, in a losing effort.

Professional wrestling style and persona
After his release from WWE in 2019, he joined NJPW five months later. Kenta was labelled as an outsider by many New Japan fans due to his long-time association with Pro Wrestling Noah. He would embrace the hatred, even joining the Bullet Club, and adopted the nickname, "Shijō Saiaku no Rannyū-sha" ("The Worst Intruder Ever")

As a former kickboxer, Kenta incorporates shoot-style kicks and stiff strikes. He is the inventor of the Go 2 Sleep, in which he carries his opponent in a fireman's carry before dropping them forward while lifting his left knee onto their face. He also uses a backbreaker rack version called Ura Go 2 Sleep.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Alianza Latinoamericana de Lucha Libre
 * Torneo Latino Americano de Lucha Libre (2013)
 * Combat Zone Wrestling
 * Best of the Best XX (2024)
 * DEFY Wrestling
 * DEFY World Championship (1 time, current)
 * New Japan Pro-Wrestling
 * IWGP United States Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * IWGP Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Chase Owens
 * NEVER Openweight Championship (1 time)
 * Strong Openweight Championship (2 times)
 * New Japan Cup USA (2020)
 * STRONG Survivor (2023)
 * Nikkan Sports
 * Match of The Year Award (2006) vs. Naomichi Marufuji on October 29
 * Match of The Year Award (2008) vs. Naomichi Marufuji on October 25
 * Technique Award (2006, 2007)
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * Ranked No. 22 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2013
 * Pro Wrestling Noah
 * GHC Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * GHC Junior Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 * GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Naomichi Marufuji (1), Taiji Ishimori (1) and Yoshinobu Kanemaru (1)
 * GHC Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Maybach Taniguchi
 * Two Days Tag Tournament (2011) – with Yoshihiro Takayama
 * Differ Cup (2005) – with Naomichi Marufuji
 * Global League (2012)
 * Global Tag League (2013) – with Yoshihiro Takayama
 * Matsumoto Day Clinic Cup Contention Heavyweight Battle Royal (2013)
 * One Day Six Man Tag Team Tournament (2002) – with Kenta Kobashi and Kentaro Shiga
 * Nippon TV Cup Junior Heavyweight Tag League (2007, 2008, 2010) – with Taiji Ishimori (2007, 2008) and Atsushi Aoki (2010)
 * Global Tag League Fighting Spirit Award (2014) – with Yoshihiro Takayama
 * Tokyo Sports
 * Best Tag Team Award (2003) with Naomichi Marufuji
 * Match of the Year Award (2006) vs. Naomichi Marufuji, October 29, 2006
 * Outstanding Performance Award (2013)
 * Technique Award (2011)
 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 * Best Wrestling Maneuver (2006, 2007) Go 2 Sleep
 * Tag Team of the Year (2003, 2004) with Naomichi Marufuji
 * WWE
 * Andre the Giant Memorial Battle Royal Qualifying Tournament (2015)

title: Kenta Kobayashi


text:
Bioswale

Bioswales are channels designed to concentrate and convey stormwater runoff while removing debris and pollution. Bioswales can also be beneficial in recharging groundwater.

Bioswales are typically vegetated, mulched, or xeriscaped. They consist of a swaled drainage course with gently sloped sides (less than 6%). Bioswale design is intended to safely maximize the time water spends in the swale, which aids the collection and removal of pollutants, silt and debris. Depending on the site topography, the bioswale channel may be straight or meander. Check dams are also commonly added along the bioswale to increase stormwater infiltration. A bioswale's make-up can be influenced by many different variables, including climate, rainfall patterns, site size, budget, and vegetation suitability.

It is important to maintain bioswales to ensure the best possible efficiency and effectiveness in removal of pollutants from stormwater runoff. Planning for maintenance is an important step, which can include the introduction of filters or large rocks to prevent clogging. Annual maintenance through soil testing, visual inspection, and mechanical testing is also crucial to the health of a bioswale.

Bioswales are commonly applied along streets and around parking lots, where substantial automotive pollution settles on the pavement and is flushed by the first instance of rain, known as the first flush. Bioswales, or other types of biofilters, can be created around the edges of parking lots to capture and treat stormwater runoff before releasing it to the watershed or storm sewer.

Contaminants addressed
Bioswales work to remove pollutants through vegetation and the soil. As the storm water runoff flows through the bioswale, the pollutants are captured and settled by the leaves and stems of the plants. The pollutants then enter the soil where they decompose or can be broken down by bacteria in healthy soil.

There are several classes of water pollutants that may be collected or arrested with bioswales. These fall into the categories of silt, inorganic contaminants, organic chemicals and pathogens.
 * Silt. How bioswales and plants are constructed slow the conveyance of silt and reduce the turbidity of receiving waters. Filters can be established to capture debris and silt during the process.
 * Organics. Many organic contaminants including Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons will volatilize or degrade over time and Bioswales slow the conveyance of these materials into waterways, and before they can affect aquatic life. Although not all organic material will be captured, the concentration of organic material is greatly reduced by bioswales.
 * Pathogens are deprived of a host or from a nutrient supply long enough for them to become the target of a heterotroph.
 * Common inorganic compounds are macronutrients such as phosphates and nitrates. Principal sources of these nutrients comes from agricultural runoff attributed to excess fertilization. Excess phosphates and nitrates can cause eutrophication in disposal zones and receiving waters. Specific bioswale plants absorb these excess nutrients.
 * Metallic compounds such as mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium and other heavy metals are concentrated in the structures. Unfortunately, these metals slowly poison the surrounding soil.  Regular soil removal is required in order to prevent metals from dissolving and releasing back into the environment. Some bioswales are designed to include hyperaccumulator plant species. These plants absorb but do not transform the metals. Cuttings from these plants often decompose back into the pond or are pruned by gardening services that do not know the compost they are collecting is poisonous.

Best locations
Bioswales can be implemented in areas that require stormwater management to regulate the runoff velocity and decontaminate the runoff. Bioswales are created to handle the first flush of pollutants during the event of rain, therefore, locations that have high areas of impervious surface such as roads, parking lots, or rooftops can benefit from additions of bioswales. They can also be integrated into road medians, curb cutouts, sidewalks, or any public space.

Benefits
Bioswales are useful low-impact development work to decrease the velocity of stormwater runoff while removing pollutants from the discharge. They are extremely beneficial in protecting surface water and local waterways from excessive pollution from stormwater runoff. The longer the runoff stays within the bioswale, the better the pollutant removal outcome. It is also beneficial in removing standing ponds that could potentially attract mosquitos. Bioswales can also be designed to be aesthetically pleasing and attract animals and create habitats. Bioswales can also be beneficial for groundwater recharge.

Maintenance
Improper maintenance can lead to high restoration costs to address inefficient bioswales. An accumulation of large sediments, trash, and improper growth of vegetation can all affect the quality and performance of bioswales. It is beneficial at the planning stages to set apart easements to allow for easier maintenance of biowales, whether it be adequate space to locate machinery or safety to those working. Different types of filters can be used to catch sediments. Grass filter strips or rock inlets can be used to filter sediments and particulates; however, without proper maintenance, runoff could flow away from the bioswales due to blockage. Structural inlets have become more common due to the ease of maintenance, use, and its effectiveness. Avoiding the use of floating mulch and selecting the best fit low-maintenance plants ensure better efficiency in the bioswales. Depending on a community's needs for a bioswale, a four step assessment program can be developed. Visual inspection, capacity testing, synthetic runoff, and monitoring are the four steps that can be used to evaluate performance and maintenance of bioswales.

Routine inspection is required to ensure that the performance and aesthetics of bioswales are not compromised. Time and frequency of inspections vary based on different local governments, but should occur at least once a year. Various aspects of inspection can take place, either visually or mechanically. Visual observation of the vegetation, water, and inlets are all crucial to ensure performance. Some organizations utilize checklists to streamline the visual inspection process.

There are different methods to determine if a bioswale needs maintenance. Bioswales are benchmarked to meet a specific level of infiltration to determine if maintenance is required. A staff gauge is used to measure the infiltration rate. Soil chemistry testing is also required to determine if the soil has a certain off-level of any pollutant. Phosphorus and high levels of salinity in the soil are two common pollutants that should be attended to. Analysis of inflow and outflow pollutant concentration is also another way to determine the performance level of bioswales.

Maintenance can span to three different levels of care. Aesthetic maintenance is required to remove weeds that affect the performance of the other plants and the bioswale itself, clean and remove trash, and maintaining the looks of the vegetation. Partial restoration is needed when the inlet is blocked by sediments or when vegetation needs to be replaced. Full restoration is required when the bioswales no longer filter pollutants adequately and overall performance is severely lacking.

Design
Bioswales experience short, potentially intense, periods of rain, flooding and pollutant loading followed by dry seasons. It is important to take into account how the vegetation selected for the bioswales will grow and understanding what types of plants are considered the best fit.

There are four types of bioswales that can be constructed based on the needs of the location. Bioswales require a certain soil composition that does not contain more than 5% clay. The soil itself before implementation should not be contaminated. Bioswales should be constructed with a longitudinal slope to allow sediments to settle. Maximum slope of bioswales is 3:1. A minimum clearance is required to ensure that other infrastructure would not be damaged. The overfill drain should be located at least 6 inches above the ground plane to allow for maximum concentration time of stormwater runoff in the bioswales. Rocks can also be used to slow down the runoff velocity. The use of filters is important to prevent inlets from becoming blocked by sediments or trash.
 * Low grass bioswales utilize low growing grass that can be landscaped, similar to lawns. These types of bioswales tend to be less effective than vegetated bioswales in treating stormwater runoff and sustaining an adequate collection time.
 * Vegetated bioswales are created with taller growing plants, ornamental vegetations, shrubs, and even trees. These types can also be lined with rocks to slow down the velocity of stormwater runoff that is flowing through bioswales to increase collection time for decontamination. Vegetated bioswales can also include vegetation that is highly useful in removing certain chemicals in runoffs very efficiently.
 * Low water use bioswales are helpful in areas that tend to be drier with hotter climate. Xeriscape bioswales are populated with runoff generally only after rain and storms and stay dry otherwise.
 * Wet bioswales are similar to wetlands in which they retain water for a much longer period of time that allows for infiltration of stormwater instead of simply emptying the water at the end of the bioswale into storm drain inlets.

Examples
Two early examples of scientifically designed bioswales for large scale applications are found in the western US. In 1996, for Willamette River Park in Portland, Oregon, a total of 2330 lineal feet of bioswale was designed and installed to capture and prevent pollutant runoff from entering the Willamette River. Intermittent check dams were installed to further abet silt capture, which reduced by 50% suspended solids entering the river system.

A second example of a large scale designed bioswale is at the Carneros Business Park, Sonoma County, California. Starting in 1997 the project design team worked with the California Department of Fish and Game and County of Sonoma to produce a detailed design to channel surface runoff at the perimeter of a large parking area. Surface runoff consists of building roof runoff, parking lot runoff and overland flow from properties to the north of the project site. A total of two lineal miles of bioswale was designed into the project. The purpose of the bioswale was to minimize runoff contaminants from entering Sonoma Creek. The bioswale channel is grass-lined and nearly linear in form. Downslope gradient is approximately 4% and cross-slope gradient is approximately 6%.

A relatively recent project established was the "Street Edge Alternatives" (SEA) project in Seattle, Washington, completed in 2001. Rather than using traditional piping, SEA's goal was to create a natural landscape that represented what the area was like before development. The street was 11% more pervious than a standard street and was characterized with evergreen trees and bioswales. The bioswales were planted on graded slopes with wetland and upland plants. Other landscaping also focused on native and salmon-friendly plants. SEA provided a strong benefit for stormwater runoff mitigation that helped continue to protect Seattle's creek ecology. The project street also created a more inviting and aesthetically pleasing site as opposed to hard landscaping.

The New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYC DEP) has built more than 11,000 curbside bioswales, which are referred to as 'rain gardens'. Rain gardens are constructed throughout the city to manage storm water and to improve the water quality of city waterways. The care and tending of rain gardens is a partnership between the NYC DEP and a group of citizen volunteers called "harbor protectors". Rain gardens are inspected and cleaned at least once a week.

Permaculture
In permaculture, swales are used for water harvesting.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bioswale


text:
Talk:Summer Palace

Untitled
Vandalized. Read the various pages and not sure what to do. So I thought I'd put a blip up here. --Gryn 03:31, 27 August 2005 (UTC) Unvandalized, yeah! --Gryn 15:17, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Image quality and number
The technical quality of most of the images is very poor; the primary subject is generally underexposed, and in the case of the primary image, the image is essentially unsalvageable. The bridge picture is salvageable, but is not properly licensed.

Also, my understanding is that Wikipedia is not a photo gallery. I don't believe the photo collection at the bottom is justified. --David Woolley 16:02, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I think Wiki should try to collect the best content on a particular subject. I think the gallery is great, and wish other articles did this.
 * Anyway, I came here because the two first images in the gallery have unclear licensing terms and will likely be deleted. I was looking for suitable replacements on Flickr, and found one so far (Image:Summer Palace Kunming Lake.jpg).  And this one could replace the poor-quality one at the top of the article.  Take a look, there are some great ones there (note the variations on keywords!):
 * cc-by Yiheyuan
 * cc-by Summer Palace
 * cc-by SummerPalace
 * cc-bysa Yiheyuan
 * cc-by-sa Summer Palace
 * cc-by-sa SummerPalace
 * Hope this comes in handy! :) Foofy 07:27, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

First image replacement
I have replaced the old image with this new one. The old one was too dark and impossible to correct. Foofy 00:06, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

Lou Ye's film
The film "Summer Place," released in 2006, merits it's own Wikipedia entry and possibly a disambiguation footnote on this page. I am unclear as how best to do that.

Here is stub text that could be the basis for a wikipedia page on the film. Anyone care to take that on?

In 2006 Chinese film maker, Lou Ye, screened a pseudo-documentary film entitled SUMMER PALACE at the Cannes film festival, subsequently banned in China for its depiction of a twenty-year period prior to and subsequent to the tumultuous events in Tiananmen Square in 1989 and possibly censored for its extensive and explicit depiction of sexual intercourse. In larger context the film portrays a politically aware and aroused younger generation coping with a newly liberalized culture and society. The turmoil of that society is well depicted by its disaffected youth, socially confused and rebellious, as they attempt to define for themselves and resolve the existential crisis of youth in modern China. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Frankatca (talk • contribs) 14:25, 24 May 2009 (UTC)

comment
needs more info. -Kitty210716 (talk) 00:19, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

missing source
"It served as a summer resort for Empress Dowager Cixi, who diverted 30 million taels of silver, said to be originally designated for the Chinese navy (Beiyang Fleet), into the reconstruction and enlargement of the Summer Palace." - Can anybody provide a source? That money was diverted is known, but it still needs a source, especially if 30 million taels were diverted (I can't find a reliable source claiming this amount). 93.128.93.252 (talk) 15:42, 26 February 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Summer Palace


text:
Talk:Maria Schell

[Untitled]
Why can't we stick to the usual Wikipedia format?  03:32, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Usual format? I'm not sure there is a "usual" format on en. Try looking at a few random bios and you might see what I mean. Sarge Baldy 03:36, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Walter Pater
 * Frank Lloyd Wright
 * Isadora Duncan
 * Romy Schneider
 * Anne Frank
 * Sam Houston
 * Rembrandt
 * I think there is a usual format, but never mind.  03:54, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, maybe. My random trial came out quite a bit differently. I suppose I've just grown used to de's format and prefer to have as much information as possible right up front. I don't really try to come across a style imperialist though, and hardly care if someone changes it back. It was mostly the use of a small dash rather than an – that bugged me enough to change anything. Sarge Baldy 04:06, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Maria Schell IV.jpg
Image:Maria Schell IV.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 15:41, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Filmography
Rmvd as inadequate: "==Selected filmography==* Derrick - Season 4, Episode 1: "Yellow He" (1977) * Derrick - Season 5, Episode 6: "Klavierkonzert" (1978)".--Felix Folio Secundus (talk) 13:40, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Maria Schell


text:
Selected Shorts

Selected Shorts is an event at New York's Symphony Space on the Upper West Side, in which screen and stage actors read classic and new short fiction before a live audience. The stage show began in 1985 and continues today at Symphony Space's Peter Jay Sharp Theater.

The annual season of the live events at Symphony Space begins in the mid-fall and ends in mid-spring. There is a theme to each Selected Shorts episode and performance. Several stories are presented around each theme. The stories are always fiction, sometimes classic, sometimes new, always performed by actors from stage, screen and television who bring these short stories to life. Evenings are often co-hosted by writers, literary producers, and other interesting characters.

Selected Shorts was originally created by Kay Cattarulla, who in 1995 went on to create another successful literary program in Dallas, Arts & Letters Live, which is sponsored by the Dallas Museum of Art.

Symphony Space's Artistic Director Isaiah Sheffer formerly hosted the live events, although many Selected Shorts also feature guest hosts, often well-known writers, who also choose which stories will be read. Mr. Sheffer died on November 9, 2012, at age 76. Actor BD Wong acts as the host of the live events since the fall of 2012.

The readings are recorded live and become the basis of a one-hour radio program, hosted by actors, authors, and entertainers such as David Sedaris, Stephen Colbert, Cynthia Nixon, Wyatt Cenac, Jane Kaczmarek, and Meg Wolitzer, with literary commentator Hannah Tinti of One Story Magazine, and are produced in conjunction with WNYC. The programs are distributed by Public Radio International and air on PRI-affiliated public radio stations in the United States. The radio program airs weekly throughout the year.

Originally, the program was distributed by National Public Radio. However, in October 2007, it moved its distribution to PRI, Public Radio International.

The program's theme is David Peterson's "That's the Deal," performed by the Deardorf/Peterson group. Until 2011, the radio show began and ended with the piano and cello duet "Come to the Meadow" by Roger Kellaway.

title: Selected Shorts


text:
Talk:MC Lars

Hearts That Hate doesn't exist
And I'll tell you why:
 * The singer "Blake" is, in fact, Lars himself. Just listen; it's his voice.
 * Go to the HTH website and click on the logo.

The guys in the video were just actors. CaptHayfever 03:34, 27 August 2005 (UTC) Wow, you really cracked that one. Lars Rocks! --Mindtriggerz 12:02, 9 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Indeed he does. And I only spelled it out like this because someone came along a while back and edited the HTH section to say they were a real band. CaptHayfever 05:06, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Vanity Page?
"MC Lars is the hero of this new generation, addressing their thoughts and every day struggles in his music." He is? Since when? Has he dubbed himself this? Who made him a hero? I feel this part of the entry should be rewritten a bit. If this "MC Lars" say these things about himself, then use citations. If he doesn't, please, make a bit more NPOV. Shandolad 14:06, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

Even after the edits, this page still seems to be a case of vanity/self-promotion. I think the general tone still reads too much like a personal page, particularly the stuff on the "iGeneration." I don't know if it should qualify for consideration as an AFD, but I think further discussion of some kind is warranted. Jzirinsky 02:53, 14 August 2006 (UTC) JZirinsky

You're right, the "iGeneration" stuff should be deleted, who does this guy think he is? P21james 16:05, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

Links
Do we really need that many links? Seems excessive.--Agent Aquamarine 07:49, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

Heats that hate.
Actually hearts that hate lead is not Lars at all. Read the wiki page and it will tell you

Twenty-Three EP
I was wondering if someone could research (I can't be arsed :P) and insert this new EP into the Discography. Signed by Barts1a Suggestions/complements? Complaints? 10:39, 29 November 2010 (UTC)

New "Album"
...By which I mean that he refers to it as a mixtape, but Indie Rocket Science, his 2011 album (it seems) is floating around the tubes.

In addition, he's done an interview on CNN Money about how he is in favour of piracy to spread his name; as the majority of his profit comes in through other revenue streams outside of album sales.

Someone may like to add it to the article. Maybe. 50.99.129.146 (talk) 15:16, 7 June 2011 (UTC)

Album articles
Hello everyone, this is just a heads up that I am unsure of the notability of some of the MC Lars album articles. They are: If I can't find any sources, I'll probably merge/redirect these to MC Lars discography here in a couple weeks, but if anyone can help finding sources I would appreciate it! --Cerebellum (talk) 11:53, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Greatest Hits (MC Lars album)
 * Lars Attacks!
 * Nothing to Fear (MC Lars album)
 * 21 Concepts (But a Hit Ain't One)
 * The Laptop EP
 * Single and Famous
 * OK, I found a review of Nothing to Fear so I kept that one, and redirected the others. --Cerebellum (talk) 00:20, 8 September 2015 (UTC)

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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 14:36, 3 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Lars2018.jpg

title: Talk:MC Lars


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Allan Fong

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 04:33, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Allan Fong

 * Not notable Groeck 03:34, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Patent nonsense and not notable. Delete. A Shortage of Chairs 03:43, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete copyvio of the link its mentioned - but lets not prolong its misery!!! Ryan Norton T 03:42, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete without prejudice. If one day the author can rewrite it, it may get past us.   Paul Klenk 08:34, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete non notable. Elfguy 01:41, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Terribly written page. Frogular 16:07, August 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Thallium(I) hydroxide

Thallium(I) hydroxide, also called thallous hydroxide, is an chemical compound with the chemical formula TlOH. It is a hydroxide of thallium, with thallium in oxidation state +1. It is a thallium(I) salt of water. It consists of thallium(I) cations Tl+ and hydroxide anions OH−.

Synthesis
Thallium(I) hydroxide is obtained from the decomposition of thallium(I) ethoxide in water.

 * CH3CH2OTl + H2O → TlOH + CH3CH2OH

This can also be done by direct reaction of thallium with ethanol and oxygen gas.

 * 4 Tl + 2 CH3CH2OH + O2 → 2 CH3CH2OTl + 2 TlOH

Another method is the reaction between thallium(I) sulfate and barium hydroxide.

 * Tl2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 → 2 TlOH + BaSO4

Properties
Thallium(I) hydroxide is a strong base; it dissociates to thallium(I) cations, Tl+, and hydroxide anions, OH−, except in strongly basic conditions. Tl+ cation resembles an alkali metal cation, such as Li+, Na+ or K+.

title: Thallium(I) hydroxide


text:
Talk:Abram Petrovich Gannibal/Old history

Explanation
This page contains old history that used to be at the title "Abram Petrovich Gannibal". Graham 87 01:28, 27 March 2022 (UTC)


text:
Au Wai Lun

Au Wai Lun (born 14 August 1971) is a former Hong Kong professional footballer who played as a striker. He is widely regarded as one of the best strikers in Hong Kong.

Club career
Au made his debut in Hong Kong First Division for Tin Tin on 20 December 1988, against Happy Valley. He was 17 years old at the time and the final result of the match was 0–2.

On the pitch, Au was recognized easily by his hairstyle – he sports peroxide-blond streaks in his locks. He wore the number 7 jersey for South China and was the captain of the team.

Being a veteran striker, Au is valued for his international experience and his strong aerial ability. The 6' tall striker remains one of the best headers in the League.

In the 2005–06 season, Au's good performance throughout the season could not prevent South China from finishing 7th in the league, with 2 points below the relegation line. He scored 8 league goals that season (4th among all players, 1st among Hong Kong players). Two years after retiring, he chose to return and play as an amateur player for Eastern, one of his former clubs.

In the summer of 2007, after being offered a new contract with a salary cut by South China, Au decided to retire. He claimed that the entire squad received new contracts with increments, but he was the only one with a salary cut. He thought the club was being unfair to him, who contributed for many years, even when the team performed so poorly for several seasons.

International career
Au was one of the top goal scorers of the Hong Kong national football team. He retired from international football after an exhibition match with Manchester United on 23 July 2005.

Au was remembered for his famous "cross passing during 1-on-1" in the final of 2002 Carlsberg Cup against Honduras. In the match, he received a pass from his teammate and got a goal opportunity. However, he passed the ball back and did not shoot. Further jokes on this were developed after this incident.

Personal life
After Au's retirement announcement, he was approached by Star Publishing and with the help of a professional writer, published his biography titled, "Lun . Football Biography" (倫．球傳).

Club
As of 19 May 2007

Club

 * Ernest Borel
 * Hong Kong FA Cup: 1991–92
 * Viceroy Cup: 1991–92

 * South China
 * Hong Kong First Division: 1996–97, 1999–2000, 2006–07
 * Hong Kong Senior Shield: 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2006–07
 * Hong Kong FA Cup: 1995–96, 1998–99, 2001–02, 2006–07
 * HKFA League Cup: 2001–02

 * Eastern
 * Hong Kong Third Division: 2010–11, 2011–12

Individual

 * Hong Kong Footballer of the Year: 1997, 2006

title: Au Wai Lun


text:
Thallium(III) hydroxide

Thallium(III) hydroxide, Tl(OH)3, also known as thallic hydroxide, is a hydroxide of thallium. It is a white solid.

Thallium(III) hydroxide is a very weak base; it dissociates to give the thallium(III) ion, Tl(3+), only in strongly acidic conditions.

Preparation
Thallium(III) hydroxide can be produced by the reaction of thallium(III) chloride with sodium hydroxide or the electrochemical oxidation of Tl+ in alkaline conditions.

title: Thallium(III) hydroxide


text:
Little Cacapon River

The Little Cacapon River is a 25.1 mi free-flowing tributary of the Potomac River in the center of Hampshire County, West Virginia. Via the Potomac River, its waters are part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, leading to the Atlantic Ocean. The Little Cacapon enters the Potomac at an elevation of 499 ft near the community of Little Cacapon. For the majority of its course the Little Cacapon is a shallow non-navigable stream. It has been historically referred to as both Little Cacapehon and Little Capecaphon. The name is pronounced  or.

The Little Cacapon is formed at the confluence of two small streams, the North Fork Little Cacapon and the South Fork Little Cacapon, shortly after they both pass north under the Northwestern Turnpike (U.S. Route 50) at Frenchburg. From Frenchburg, the Little Cacapon flows north between Town Hill, 1329 ft high, to its west and Little Cacapon Mountain, 1575 ft high, to its east. Flowing from a hollow in Town Hill, Shawan Run feeds into the Little Cacapon at Barnes Mill. Two miles (3 km) north, Three Churches Run also feeds into the river from Town Hill. At Higginsville on Slanesville Pike (County Route 3) near the old Vinita School, the river is fed by Crooked Run at Queens Ridge (1322 ft high). From Higginsville, the Little Cacapon continues northeast along Town Hill with 1161 ft Noland Ridge bounding it to the east. Also in the vicinity of Higginsville, Little Cacapon-Levels Road (County Route 3/3) intersects with Slanesville Pike, and as its name suggests, the road follows the Little Cacapon north until it diverges northwest to Levels via Hoffman Hollow. It is within this stretch of the stream that the Little Cacapon meanders by the community of Creekvale. At the entrance of Neals Run, the Little Cacapon is met to its east by 2237 ft Spring Gap Mountain and then flows beneath the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and empties into the Potomac River.

North Fork Little Cacapon River
The North Fork is a 9.3 mi tributary of the Little Cacapon. The North Fork's source lies in a hollow between 2618 ft Piney Mountain and the southwestern end of 2274 ft Stony Mountain. From its source, the North Fork flows northeast along Grassy Lick Road (County Route 10). South Branch Mountain (3028 ft high) joins the North Fork to its west, and along with Stony Mountain to its east, the river diverges from Grassy Lick Road and continues its northeastern route to Shanks where it meets US Route 50. From Shanks, the North Fork merges with Camp Run and flows east under US Route 50 at Frenchburg, where it merges with the South Fork to create the Little Cacapon River.

South Fork Little Cacapon River
The South Fork is an 8.4 mi tributary of the Little Cacapon. The South Fork is formed at its headwater in a hollow towards the southeastern end of Stony Mountain along South Fork of Little Cacapon Road (County Route 12) between the communities of Kirby and Ruckman. From its source, the South Fork flows northeast toward Bell Hollow, where it meets US Route 50 and turns north through Frye's Flat towards Frenchburg. The South Fork continues north under US Route 50, where it immediately joins with the North Fork to form the Little Cacapon River alongside Little Cacapon River Road (County Route 50/9).

Tributaries
Tributary streams are listed in order from south to north.

 * South Fork Little Cacapon River
 * Bell Hollow Run
 * North Fork Little Cacapon River
 * Camp Run
 * Shawan Run
 * Trinton Hollow Run
 * Three Churches Run
 * Graybill Hollow Run
 * Crooked Run
 * Hopkins Lick Run
 * Dug Hill Run
 * Hoffman Hollow Run
 * Chimney Hollow Run
 * Neals Run
 * Lapley Hollow Run

List of cities and towns along the Little Cacapon River

 * Barnes Mill
 * Creekvale
 * Frenchburg
 * Higginsville
 * Little Cacapon
 * Shanks

title: Little Cacapon River


text:
User:Vague Rant/Owned

This is a list of things I own.

The Beach Boys

 * Today!/Summer Days (and Summer Nights!!)
 * Pet Sounds
 * Smiley Smile/Wild Honey

The Beatles

 * Revolver
 * Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
 * Abbey Road
 * Past Masters, Volume One
 * Anthology 1
 * Let It Be... Naked

Blur

 * Leisure
 * Modern Life Is Rubbish
 * Parklife
 * Blur
 * 13
 * Think Tank

Deltron 3030

 * Deltron 3030

The Flaming Lips

 * Yoshimi Battles the Pink Robots

Gorillaz

 * Gorillaz
 * ''G-Sides
 * Demon Days

Michael Jackson

 * Number Ones

Kaiser Chiefs

 * Employment

Oasis

 * Definitely Maybe

R.E.M.

 * In Time - The Best of R.E.M. 1988-2003

Red Hot Chili Peppers

 * By the Way
 * Greatest Hits

Robbie Williams

 * Escapology

Simon and Garfunkel

 * Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme
 * Bridge Over Troubled Water

DVDs

 * A Hard Day's Night
 * Arrested Development, Season 1
 * ''Blur: The Best Of
 * ''Brazil
 * The First U.S. Visit
 * The Office
 * Office Space
 * The Nightmare Before Christmas
 * Starshaped
 * The Truman Show

title: User:Vague Rant/Owned


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ameglio

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was No Consensus. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 04:34, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Ameglio
Hardly notable. Found only about 50 entries on Google. Groeck 03:41, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment I've see about 140 googles with a few minor media mentions... I'd rather see it cleaned up - but I can't speak spanish :\ Ryan Norton T 03:51, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Weak keep Agree with previous poster in that I found many Google hits, but most were in Spanish, a language I cannot read. It does seem to be correct that Pietro Ameglio was a co-author of a Spanish language book on Gandhi, and his most recent appearances in the news involve trying to block the destruction of an ostensibly historic hotel building in Mexico.Crypticfirefly 03:59, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete He's a minor figure on the fringes of Mexican peace activists. His writings, such as this, are largely rehash and the google mentions are mostly on specialty sites.  To the point about 140 google hits, please click to the last page and you will see that half or more represent duplicate content. Dottore So 05:01, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * As a comparison, wikipediea gets 196 hits by this method. Kappa 08:10, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, but that's a completely fake comparison. Haven't you ever wondered how one of the world's busiest websites only has 200 non-duplicated references?  The preponderance of Wiki-hosted results throws Google's duplication tagging for a loop.  If you remove the wikipedia site from your search, you have 10 million different results and you don't trigger a Google duplicate tag.  Here's one way to do the [search].  Per mgm, the news sites are not, in my view, notable, but I admit that is my view. [This] is fairly typical.  Sur al Sur is hardly notable.  And the article less so - a sort of quo-vadis on the nonviolent movement, mostly consisting of Gandhi remembered.  I don't see notability, my vote to delete stands. Dottore So 17:17, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Another comparison is with google, which gets 432 "unique hits" the moment. Perhaps you'd like to explain why this comparison is completely false as well? Kappa 19:30, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok. As I said above, 'you have to remove the site itself from your search.' So go back to google and type in google and then add -google.com and see if it makes a difference. Dottore So 23:37, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, now wikipedia gets 852 and google gets 511. . Kappa 23:49, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I should have been clearer. As you may know, Google limits its returns on searches to 1000, so as it processes through the top 1000 results it filters for similar results and eliminates duplication in the displayed 1000 .  What you have discovered is that searching google for "google" returns roughly 50% duplicate content on the top 1000 pageranked matches.  (Excluding the site is a good way to get higher individual returns in your 1000 sample since, for high-profile sites like Google or Wikipedia, the site itself has a high pagerank score).  Put in a random word ("frank", "hairdress", "kappa", whatever) and click through - you will see that most times Google returns a duplicate message before you reach the 1000 limit even if the search term has millions of results and is seemingly random.  This is because there is inherent duplication in the 1000 sample that Google returns on whatever search you do.   Let me sum up: "Pietro Ameglio" triggers a TOTAL of 124 results of which half are duplicated; that is a sample size of 100%   Wikipedia generates millions of returns; the duplicated content on the sample you have linked to above (which is itself so small as to be unrepresentative) is a mere 15%; the overall duplication, were it possible to run a 100% sample, would probably be considerably smaller still.  Your google link is also a good example.  Between the time you conducted the search, and the time I clicked it, the pagerank of the top 1000 sites that mentioned Google had change significantly enough to alter the duplicated results within the sample by over 15%.  For high return search terms (like Wikipedia) simply waiting an hour (or hell,maybe five minutes) between running the search can change substantially the duplication level in your 1000 sample.  You surely didn't think that google only somehow triggered 511 non-duplicated entries out of tens of millions of results!? Dottore So 01:31, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Comment: I'd like to suggest you look at the quality of the links rather than the number of them that show up in Google. If the majority is from reputable news services (I didn't check), I think it can be worth keeping the article. - Mgm|(talk) 10:48, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep factual and verifiable. Trollderella 22:03, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Trollderella please, PLEASE stop voting in VfD. I am factual (verifiably) and verifiable (factually), but can't claim an entry in an Encyclopedia.  When factual and verifiable become the only criteria for inclusion, someone will let you know and then your votes will be welcome indeed.  Admin, please ignore this vote; it's tendentious. Dottore So 07:58, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete unless more info and sources can be provided. Elfguy 01:31, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, notable people tend to have a last name. Radiant_ >|< 19:01, August 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * An observation-- "Ameglio" is the guy's last name.Crypticfirefly
 * keep per Crypticfirefly. Incidentally this guy appears to be so notable he only has a last name. Kappa 19:27, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ameglio


text:
User:Kwiksilver~enwiki

Wikipedia is pretty much the best website I have ever visited so I figured I better start contributing.

My Interests
Here are a few things I am interested in that I might contribute to eventually:
 * Overclocking
 * Computers
 * Home Repair
 * Video Games

title: User:Kwiksilver~enwiki


text:
Counter-terrorism in Singapore

Counter-terrorism in Singapore is a series of detection and prevention measures to minimize the damage caused by terrorism. These measures involve the participation of all levels of society, including defence, internal security, border and infrastructure security, civil defense, and gives special focus on areas such as medical readiness and psychological preparedness.

Strategy
Singapore's main counter-terrorism strategy includes cooperation with regional and international partners to achieve a transnational landscape of security. Singapore is instrumental in the passage of international initiatives such as the landmark United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373 which established the legal basis for international action against terrorism. It is also at the forefront of the Southeast Asian counter-terrorism efforts and a United States partner in the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) that aims to combat the illicit trade and spread of weapons of mass destruction.

In recent years, Singapore's counter-terrorism initiatives have created political criticism from the country's Muslim population. This was particularly pronounced when Singapore joined the international community's call for Iraq's disarmament, which eventually led to the American invasion of the country.

Timeline
These are the events related to terrorism and counter-terrorism in Singapore.

1970s
On 31 January 1974, four armed men from the terrorist groups Japanese Red Army and Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine attacked the Shell oil refinery complex on Pulau Bukom and later hijacked the ferryboat Laju and took its five crew members hostage. The crisis was resolved after the Singapore government exchanged the hostages with four commandos from the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) and eight other local government officials and was led by S. R. Nathan, Director of the Security and Intelligence Division (SID) at the Ministry of Defence, and provided the terrorists safe passage to the Middle East.

The incident was Singapore's first encounter with international terrorism. It also directly contributed to the beginning of the establishment of full-time National Service for the country's police force in 1975, one year after the incident, referred to as Police National Service (PNS), which was aimed at, initially, raising a sizeable source of manpower for the police in the event of another terrorist incident on vital installations and the provision of protection and security for the latter against the former.

1980s
Total Defence was officially proclaimed as Singapore's overarching defence strategy on 22 January 1984 with five elements: military, civil, economic, social, and psychological.
 * The Singapore Special Operations Force (SOF) was formed in secret.

1990s

 * May 1990– The elite Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (DART) is formed.

 * 26 March 1991– Four Pakistanis hijacked Singapore Airlines Flight 117 and demanded the release of Pakistan Peoples Party members from Pakistani jails.
 * 27 March 1991 – Singapore Special Operations Force commandos stormed Singapore Airlines Flight 117, killing all hijackers and freeing all passengers and crew members.

 * 10 September 1992 – Special Operations Command (SOC) was formed, combining the Police Tactical Team (PTT), Police Tactical Unit (PTU) and Police Dog Unit under one wing.

2000s

 * 9 December 2001 – 15 militants of Jemaah Islamiyah are arrested for the Singapore embassies attack plot.

 * August 2002– Singapore arrests another 21 members of Jemaah Islamiyah.

 * 17 January 2003 – Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Explosive Defence Group conducts Exercise Diamond Shield to demonstrate chemical and biological defence capability.
 * March 2003 – Chemical Verification Laboratory is certified by Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) as a designated laboratory for the testing of chemical warfare agents.
 * 14 August 2003 – Air Marshal Unit is formed to counter terrorism threats against civil aviation.
 * 1 October 2003 – The first Special Rescue Battalion of the Singapore Civil Defence Force is formed.

 * 6 May 2004 – Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong delivers a speech at the Council on Foreign Relations in Washington, D.C. titled "Beyond Madrid: Winning Against Terrorism".

 * 15 August 2005 – The newly established Police MRT Unit (now known as the Public Transport Security Command) begins operational patrols on the Mass Rapid Transit network to enhance the security of Singapore's public transport.
 * 15 August 2005 – Singapore hosts a multi-national maritime interdiction exercise, codenamed Exercise Deep Sabre as part of the Proliferation Security Initiative.
 * 25 August 2005 – French investigating magistrate Jean-Louis Bruguière singles out Singapore along with Tokyo and Sydney as potential terrorism targets of the Al-Qaeda. Ministry of Home Affairs later denied receiving any specific information on imminent terrorist threat.
 * 21 – 25 November 2005 – Singapore hosts the Regional Special Forces Counter-Terrorism Conference.

 * 8 January 2006 – Exercise Northstar V, a large scale counter-terrorism exercise similar to 7 July 2005 London bombings, was held in Singapore.

 * 6 July to 30 September 2009 – Exercise Northstar VII, large scale counter-terrorism exercise similar to the 2008 Mumbai attacks, the 2007 Virginia Tech massacre, and the 1999 Columbine High School massacre, was held in Singapore. Places that had been involved were VivoCity, Sentosa, Raffles Place, Bedok, Tampines, Choa Chu Kang, Jurong East, and Orchard Road.

2010s

 * 19 May 2010 – A marked map of the SMRT network with Orchard station circled on it was found in the home of a terror suspect killed in Indonesia; it was reported that he had planned an attack on Singapore by entering through Malaysia.
 * 9 November 2010 – Exercise Times Square Conducted. The exercise, named after a car bomb attack in May 2010 at New York's Times Square which was foiled by public vigilance, involved similar circumstances whereby suspicious looking cars were placed in nine locations across Singapore. The findings of the exercise revealed that public vigilance was extremely low, as only 52 out of 7,200 passers-by contacted the authorities.

 * 3 October to 15 November 2012 – Exercise Heartbeat 2012 was conducted. It was placed at locations, such as ION Orchard, Marina Centre, Marina Bay and Sentosa.

 * 18 November 2013 – Exercise Heartbeat 2013 was conducted, placed at random locations, such as Greenview Secondary School, ITE College Central, Plaza Singapura, one-North and Raffles Place SSWG buildings. In this exercise, two "gunmen" hijacked a police car after opening fire at Raffles Place, and then drove away. The gunmen were later shot dead by the police officers at Queenstown Secondary School. Police officers later confiscated the explosive devices.

 * 3 April 2014 – Exercise Heartbeat 2014 is conducted at Temasek Polytechnic.
 * 10 October 2014 – Exercise Heartbeat 2014 is conducted at ITE College East.
 * 26 October & 27 October 2014 – Exercise Heartbeat 2014 is conducted at Tampines GreenTerrace, Downtown MRT station, Marina Bay Link Mall, IMM Building, Blk 287A Jurong East Street 21, ITE College West and Fengshan area. It had simulated grenade explosion at IMM Building and Downtown MRT station, hostage-taking and gunmen firing at Marina Bay Link Mall, IMM Building, Blk 287A Jurong East Street 21 and ITE College West. Next to Blk 84 Bedok North Road Market also had the car on fire, part of Exercise Heartbeat 2014. At Tampines GreenTerrace; a Traffic Police car caught fire.

 * 27 January 2015 – Due to the Charlie Hebdo shootings and the Sydney hostage crisis; Exercise Heartbeat 2015 was conducted at Eastpoint Mall and Northpoint Shopping Centre.
 * 18 November 2015 – After the November 2015 Paris attacks, President Tony Tan expressed his condolences saying "As France mourns the victims, Singapore stands in solidarity with the French people in this difficult time" while Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong condemned the attacks, calling them "heinous" and "an attack on our shared humanity." Within days, the Singapore Police Force and Singapore Civil Defence continued Exercise Heartbeat 2015 with emergency preparedness exercises on 18 November 2015 at Toa Payoh HDB Hub and Marina Bay One Marina Boulevard (OMB) and City Hall Esplanade Park, as well as at Sentosa on 23 November 2015.

In 2019, digital defence was added as the sixth element of Total Defence, with the government highlighting increasing threats in the cybersphere.
 * 30 June 2016 – The Minister of Defence announced the formation of the Army Deployment Force, which is a battalion-sized unit fully staffed with regular SAF servicemen. The unit will respond rapidly to terrorist attacks in Singapore alongside the Home Team. It will also work with the Island Defence Task Force and Special Operations Task Force in times of emergencies. It may be activated for overseas humanitarian or peace support operations.
 * 5 August 2016 – Members of a terror cell in Indonesia arrested for plotting to fire a rocket at Marina Bay Sands from Batam island.
 * 17 October 2016 – The Singapore Armed Forces staged the largest counter-terror exercise in the nation's history. The SAF was deployed to defend against mock attacks at key installations around the island. Home Team and the Singapore Civil Defence Force were deployed to counter a mock hostage taking at Bishan Mall. The exercise was the largest in Singaporean history, involving over 3200 officers. It was conducted with the mission statement to raise public awareness of "the current threat landscape and to encourage continued vigilance."

2020s

 * 27 January 2021 – the Internal Security Department reported that it had arrested a 16-year old Protestant youth under the Internal Security Act in late 2020 for plotting to attack two local mosques on the anniversary of the 2019 Christchurch mosque shootings. The youth was inspired by the actions of Brenton Tarrant and expressed anti-Muslim sentiments. He is the youngest person and first far right extremist to be charge under the ISA.
 * 10 March 2021 – the Internal Security Department reported that it had detained a 20-year old national serviceman named Amirull Ali in February 2021 under the Internal Security Act for plotting to attack three Jewish worshippers at the Maghain Aboth Synagogue in retaliation for the Israel-Palestine conflict. Ali had reportedly also planned to travel to Gaza to join Hamas' military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades.
 * 24 January 2024 - the ISD confirmed it had issued a restriction order under the Internal Security Act against a 16-year old Chinese Singaporean youth who had aspired to carry out overseas attacks against African Americans, Arabs, and LGBTQ+ individuals in North America and Europe. The youth had been radicalised by far right online chat groups and channels. He identified as a White supremacist and subscribed to the Great Replacement theory. Under the restriction order, the youth is not allowed to change his residence, is barred from leaving Singapore, access the Internet or social media and issue public statements, without the approval of the director of the ISD.
 * 15 July 2024 - the ISD confirmed it had issued restriction orders against a 14-year old Singaporean teenager and former public servant An'nadya An'nahari, who had both been radicalised in response to the Israel-Hamas war. The teenager had wanted to fight for a prophesied Muslim army called the "Black Flag Army" and started an online chat group for the purpose of recruiting classmates for perpetrating terror attacks in Singapore. An'nahari had expressed support for the Islamist Axis of Resistance, a network of Islamist militant and terror groups including Hamas and the Houthi, and advocated violence against Israelis and Jews.

Arrest of Jemaah Islamiyah members
The main terrorist threat to Singapore is from Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), which has links to al-Qaeda and Abu Sayyaf. Jemaah Islamiyah is known to have carried out the Bali bombing in 2002, which killed 202 people, as well as the Jakarta bombing in 2004 outside the Australian embassy, killing 11 people.

After the 11 September 2001 attacks on the United States, an informant revealed information to the Singapore Internal Security Department regarding Muhammad Aslam Yar Ali Khan, a Singaporean of Pakistani descent, who was a member of a group partnered with Al-Qaeda. Muhammad Aslam Yar Ali Khan was placed under surveillance by Singapore Internal Security Department, after which he left for Pakistan on 4 October. This man was captured by Afghan Northern Alliance forces in Afghanistan. His interrogation led investigators to more Jemaah Islamiyah members in Singapore.

On 9 December 2001, 13 suspects were arrested. Soon after that, a video found in an abandoned house in Kabul, Afghanistan showed a narrator in Singapore describing how to attack Americans using explosives. Investigators found similar tapes at the residences of the arrested men. In all, 33 men were arrested in relation to this plot.

In August 2002, another 21 members of Jemaah Islamiyah were arrested, demolishing JI's Singaporean cell. Arrests were also made in Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia and Thailand. As of 11 November 2005, 36 alleged members of JI or the Moro Islamic Liberation Front were being detained under the Internal Security Act.

However, Singapore believes that Jemaah Islamiyah remains active in Southeast Asia and is recruiting new members.

On 25 August 2005, French investigating magistrate Jean-Louis Bruguière singled out Singapore along with Tokyo and Sydney as potential terrorism targets of the Al-Qaeda. The Ministry of Home Affairs later responded that it had not received any specific information on imminent terrorist threat against Singapore, but added that security measures have been taken to strengthen security at borders, key infrastructure and iconic buildings.

Homeland security
The Singapore Police Force has in recent years enhanced security at various locations in the country.

On 15 August 2005, the newly established Public Transport Security Command began operational patrols on the Mass Rapid Transit network to protect the public transportation system. Personnel from the Special Operations Command (SOC) and the Gurkha Contingent (GC) have also been deployed to complement other police officers on patrol. In addition, the Police Coast Guard (PCG) stepped up its effort to inspect ferries and other vessels in Singapore territorial waters.

On 26 October 2005, Deputy Prime Minister and Co-ordinating Minister for Security and Defence S Jayakumar announced that Singapore was developing an early warning system, called the risk assessment and horizon scanning, to identify and assess new emerging threats to national security. The system, developed by the National Security Coordination Secretariat, will be put in place by mid-2007.

Counter terrorist specialised units
At the forefront in the fight against terrorism are specialised military, law enforcement, and civil defence units, namely:
 * Singapore Special Operations Force,
 * Special Operations Command,
 * Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Explosive Defence Group,
 * Army Deployment Force

Additional power to military
In May 2007, the parliament passed an amendment to the SAF Act, giving additional powers to the Singapore Armed Forces. A select group of about 2,000 SAF personnel will be trained to perform security operations in designated areas. These personnel, identified by a Military Security identification card, will be able to search, detain and use reasonable force against terror suspects.

Exercise Northstar V
On 8 January 2006, a large scale emergency preparedness exercise was conducted. Codenamed Exercise Northstar V, it involved 22 agencies and 2,000 emergency personnel. An additional 3,400 commuters also participated in the exercise. The exercise involved a simulated terrorist bomb attack on four MRT stations (Raffles Place, Dhoby Ghaut, Toa Payoh and Marina Bay) and one bus interchange (Toa Payoh). There were 500 mock casualties suffering from "injuries" caused by the "explosions" as well as chemical agents. The exercise is the largest civil emergency exercise ever staged in the country.

Conduct of the exercise
The exercise started at 6:25 am local time on 8 January 2006, a Sunday, and lasted about three hours. To avoid public panic, announcements were made at the affected train stations as well as on television and radio, just before the exercise began. Prominent signages were also displayed.

Mock explosive devices, such as thunderflashes were detonated near-simultaneously in subway trains and station platforms at four MRT stations (Dhoby Ghaut, Toa Payoh, Raffles Place and Marina Bay) and in a double decker bus at Toa Payoh Bus Interchange. A chemical agent attack was then simulated at Dhoby Ghaut at 6:45 am. An undetonated mock bomb was also placed at the Raffles Place. About 3,400 commuters who were on board the subway trains were evacuated during the drill. Services at 13 MRT stations were temporarily disrupted and roads within the vicinity were also closed to traffic. Shuttle buses were used to ferry commuters affected by the exercise.

Thunderflashes, smoke generators, and fire simulators were used to simulate the explosion and 500 simulated casualties were deployed to test emergency rescuers at the scene. These mock casualties carried tags to provide paramedics information on the extent of their injuries and this includes injuries related to bomb blasts, such as open wounds and burns. There were also some with injuries related to chemical agents. Dummy mannequins were also used to simulate casualties. 7 hospitals and 2 polyclinics were also involved in the drill as they received the mock casualties. In two hospitals, Singapore General Hospital and Tan Tock Seng Hospital, healthcare workers donned decontamination suits as they prepared to treat victims of chemical agents suspected to be sarin gas.

Officers from the London Metropolitan Police and the British Transport Police, including Chief Constable Ian Johnston, were present to observe the exercise and to provide feedback to the authorities.

Social cohesion
Following the crackdown on the local Jemaah Islamiyah cell, then-Deputy-Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong held dialogues with the leaders of the Muslim community. Details of the investigation were shared to explain that the arrests were not targeted at the Singapore Muslim community, or Islam. In schools and workplaces, inter-racial confidence circles were formed to promote inter-racial and inter-religious understanding between the different racial and religious communities, while Islamic scholars and counselors in Singapore participated in the rehabilitation of the detained JI members.

title: Counter-terrorism in Singapore


text:
Category:Counterterrorism in Singapore

This category lists articles related to counter-terrorism in Singapore. Counter-terrorism measures encompass all levels of society including defence, internal security, borders and infrastructure security, civil defence, medical readiness as well as psychological preparedness.

title: Category:Counterterrorism in Singapore


text:
Apple Island (Massachusetts)

Apple Island was an island in Boston Harbor in Massachusetts, one of five islands that were integrated with landfill over the years to form East Boston and Logan International Airport. Noddle's Island, Hog Island, Bird's Island and Governor's Island were the others.

History
Distinguished in its early years by waving elms but hard to access because of its expansive flats at low tide, the 10-acre Apple Island was initially part of the town of Boston, used for sheep and cattle grazing. It fell into the private hands of Thomas Hutchinson, father of Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson, in 1723. Hutchinson the elder willed the island to an English mariner in 1802, and a gentleman named Mr. Marsh purchased it for $550 in 1822. Marsh died in 1833 and was buried on the island's western slope, and his home burned down two years later.

Abandoned for years, Apple Island was reacquired by the City of Boston in 1867 and sold to private citizens. Inhabitants were known to haul wrecked steamships onto the island and burn them for their copper and iron parts. These ships included the James Adger, the Baltic (the last steamship in the Collins line), and the Ontario, built in Newburyport for the transatlantic trade.

Airport incorporation
In the 1940s, Apple Island was subsumed into land reclamation for the extension of Boston Airport, which added 1800 acre of landfill in Boston Harbor, taken from Apple, Governor's and Noddle's Islands. In 1943 the state renamed the airport as General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport after a Spanish–American War officer from South Boston.

title: Apple Island (Massachusetts)