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Talk:Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system

Graphics are still needed
This page still needs graphics showing the following:
 * The 60 UTM zones overlain on a map of the world
 * The process by which points are measured (eastings and northings)
 * Perhaps a diagram showing how a 6° wide UTM zone wraps around the globe like a strip of paper

I will see if I can aquire any of these from other publications.

Justin 03:16, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I've added a graphic that may satisfy the first two requirements. mdf 16:43, 29 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Very nice graphic, thanks! If you wouldn't mind moving a bit of the information in the image's description into the article (particularly about the discrepencies, and why they exist), that would be great. I'd do it myself, but my knowledge about the topic is only cursory, and I'm afraid I'd get something wrong. Phidauex 17:00, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I've re-arranged things a bit, added the technicalities, and linked to the MGRS. I also marked the MGRS article as a stub.  I'll see if I can make some graphics for that one.

 * As for UTM's exceptions: I have no idea why they exist.  Two possibilites I can think of (1) for the convenience of the Norwegian people (but then, why not for the people of Edmonton?), or (2) perhaps those areas were important, or felt to become important, immediately after WWII, and the problems of converging meridians would have been a operational mess.  mdf 20:10, 29 October 2005 (UTC).

 * On the European map, the Norwegian exception is shown slightly wrong. The boundary line between 31V and 32V should follow longitude 3°E (the middle of zone 31), but the European map shows the boundary too far east, around 4.5°E.  The world map is correct, though. --Mikael R 08:58, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

The graphic provided showing the map sections was labeled as being incorrect. I commented it out. Can someone confirm if there's a problem with it?23:34, 15 March 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.169.145.35 (talk)

A couple of tables?
first table two collums long(range)-UTM 0-60 second table LAt(range)-UTM A-Z or is it the otheray around I'll but this on my to do later list :)

--Mkouklis 12:06, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

Notation?
In the entry, it says: "This is in longitude zone 17, and the grid position is 630084m east, 4833438m north." How do you notate.

 * There isn't really a standard notation, but there are conventions. The easting should be given before the northing.  This would likely be most common way to write out that position:

 * 630084 mE 4833438 mN zone 17

 * However, since the easting is usually given first, and the easting always has one less digit than the northing, that position could be given as: 6300844833438 zone 17. That particular style of notation isn't used very frequently anymore. - Justin 23:12, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Note that you would also want to include which zone 17 (eg, 17T 630084E 4833438N). Some notations add an initial zero to easting to give it the same number of digits as northing.  Also, some GPS receivers I have used switch the order and give Northing/Easting, but the general convention seems to be easting first.Shouriki 00:22, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

UTM is not a map projection
UTM is not map projection. The Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system consists of 60 zones, each of which is defined by a unique point of origin, false easting, and Transverse Mercator projection centered over a specific central meridian with a scale factor of 0.9996 The UTM coordinate system (which is the subject of this article) is a system by which locations can be specified on the globe. It uses map projections. It uses 60 specifically defined Transverse Mercator projections (60 out of an infinite number of possible Transverse Mercator projections) but it itself is not a map projection. - Justin 23:50, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

Bad see also link
There's a bad link to MTM (Modified Transverse Mercator), which I cannot find anywhere. 70.66.184.59 01:53, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

Trapezoidal?
Am I to understand that each lettered zone is conceived of as a perfect trapezoid, or are the east and west edges curved?--Homunq 21:41, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

 * That is like asking whether the equator is curved or straight: it depends on what projection the map is drawn in. In a regular cylindrical projection, like Miller or ordinary Mercator, each grid zone (like 33U) appears as a perfect rectangle. However, suppose a grid zone is drawn in the UTM projection that belongs to its own zone. Then the east and west edge appear slightly curved and convex; the edge that faces the equator usually appears more curved and convex (unless it coincides with the equator: then it appears straight); the edge that faces the nearest pole also appears curved, but concave. For example, the boundary between 33U and 34U is a meridian that appears slightly curved like this ")" when drawn in UTM projection of zone 33, but appears curved the other way, "(", when drawn in UTM projection of zone 34. --Mikael R 17:47, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

"UTM latitude zone"
I think this is in error. The latitude zones are not part of UTM as defined in DMATM 8358.2. They are part of the Military grid reference system defined in DMATM 8358.1, which is based on UTM. --David Garfield 01:19, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

 * You are right in theory, I think. In pure UTM notation, one would specify the hemisphere (North or South) instead of the latitude band.  But using UTM zone + latitude band letter + UTM coordinates has become a quite common notation: it might be called a de facto standard.  Therefore, it is no longer a good idea to use "N" and "S" to stand for north or south hemisphere, since they can be mistaken for latitude band letters.  One could write "North" and "South" instead (if everyone knows enough English).  Since at least one character is needed to distinguish the North and South hemisphere, why not accept the latitude band letter for this purpose?  Some extra redundancy should be a good thing, since some errors might be caught.  --Mikael R 17:56, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

UTM does not have a latitude zone! It is made up of the UTM Zone (1-60) N or S for North or South Hemisphere and 6 figures for Eastings with 7 figures for Northings to define a 1 metre square. What is in this wiki report is not the standard for UTM but is just adding to the confusion caused by mixing MGRS with UTM. It is not "a good idea" to add a latitude band it is nonsensical as the correct UTM offers unique locational information. To mix definitions means that computing systems and GIS could lead to ambiguous locations and potential issues Balgonie (talk) 18:22, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

I absolutely agree with Balgonie. While you will see the MGRS grid zone listed with UTM in some commerical GIS (e.g. ArcGIS's Military Analyst extension), the fact remains that, as defined by the United States Geological Survey and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, UTM has no "latitude zone". By including it here in the wikipedia, we are adding to the confusion. Lets get this straight! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.196.233.140 (talk) 01:57, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

I absolutely agree with Balgonie. The fact is that UTM does not have latitude zones. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) explain the differences excelently in a document, Military Map Reading 201, on their web site. In Sweden, where i live, it's even more frustrating. The national mapping agency actually has both UTM numbering and MGRS grid designators on the maps, but unambiguously use MGRS and mentions it as UTM oan all their public maps and in almost all of their publications. Johan G (talk) 09:32, 19 June 2009 (UTC)

Overlap of zones
I tried it allready in the first part of the article, but my english is not god enough to correct this in the article itself, so let me explain here: As I understand it, it is not correct, that... "Distortion of scale increases in each UTM zone as the boundaries between the longitude zones are approached."

The distortion increases with the *metric* distance to the central meridian, thats why the west to east width of the UTM-Zones is limited to 800 km, btw. exactly 800 km, and that not because of the distortion but due to the concept that all eastings should have *6 digits*. That leads to the smallest valid easting of 100.000, and 900.000 as the biggest for symetry reasons (100 + 400 = 500 (central meridian) + 400 = 900km). The Zones overlap widely.

Btw. because of that, the "Norway-execption" isn't a real (systematic) eception: At these latitudes even the even zones overlap each other, witch means, in the north there are *no* places, than can only be mapped  to one UTM-Zone

may be http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Utmzylinderrp.jpg/180px-Utmzylinderrp.jpg helps to understand? 87.160.209.176 22:52, 13 October 2007 (UTC) http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzer:Mikl

Yes and no! It is almost true that the distortion depends on the metric distance to the central meridian. I say almost, because the latitude has a tiny effect, caused by the Earth being ellipsoid-shaped rather than spherical. However, the UTM *zones*, as the word is normally used, are *not* 800 km wide with overlap; they are 6 degrees wide (except for the Norway exceptions) and do not overlap. But a UTM *projection* can, as Mikl says, sometimes be used outside its own zone. I know of one official reason (that is, allowed by US military practice) and one unofficial reason (national needs in non-Norwegian countries).

Officially: As I remember the documentation, official US military use of UTM is to print topographic paper maps in the scale 1:50000. Of course, it would be awkward if such a map had to stop exactly at a zone boundary, so the map is allowed to continue 20 km (or was it 40 km?) into the next zone, and in the overlap, grid lines for both projections may be shown (in different colors). This makes it possible to measure distances on the map across the zone boundary. But when reporting the position of a point on the map, the coordinates must be expressed in the correct projection, namely for the zone that contains the point.

Unofficially: Finland, for example, uses the UTM projection for zone 35 for country-wide mapping, even though Finland is wider than zone 35. Is the resulting coordinate reference system an instance of UTM? No. It must be renamed in some way, to indicate the non-standard width. The coordinate system is therefore called ETRS-TM35FIN, where FIN signals that this is a national modification. If we wrote just ETRS-TM35, it would mean UTM used strictly within zone 35. (The ETRS stands for the common European geodetic datum, which coincides with WGS84 except for about half a meter. I think ETRS-UTM35 would have been a better name, but perhaps you cannot say "Universal" when you use a geodetic datum that only is defined in Europe.)  See https://www.einouikkanen.fi/geodocs-en/ficoords.htm for more details.

Sweden does the same thing with UTM zone 33. It would have been nice if the resulting coordinate reference system had been called ETRS-TM33SWE, but it is not. It is called SWEREF99 TM (which is not the same as the older Swedish Grid). 28 Oct 2007, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mikael_R —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.231.148.193 (talk) 21:53, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

Idiots' caveat addition
Speaking as an idiot, I came to some grief as a consequence of ignorance over map projections and specifically UTM. Popular schoolboy impression of Mercator is a projection of the globe onto a cylinder. It isn't, it's carefully rescaled for conformality. The issue of conformality isn't very visible -0 you can Google UTM and search hard to find out a precise definition, and I thought it would be helpful to highlight that, so that anyone else contemplating coding up UTM would at least refer to e.g. Snyder. Please amend/delete if you disagree. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Monopodia (talk • contribs) 14:49, 28 December 2007 (UTC) Monopodia (talk) 14:58, 28 December 2007 (UTC)Andy Smith

Conflicting notations (latitude band vs hemisphere) for UTM coordinates
I propose the following changes in nomenclature to eliminate confusion in the UTM entry:
 * Longitude Zone -> "UTM Zone" or just plain Zone
 * Latitude Zone -> Latitude Band (the terminology from the MGRS documention)
 * The combination UTM Zone + Latitude Band -> Grid Zone (again this is MGSR terminology)

I also propose the following clarifications:

17T 630084 4833439 and of course the grid zone is an integral part of the MGRS.
 * The use of the Latitude Band in UTM is twofold:
 * (primarily) in the exceptions in the division of the globe into UTM zones
 * as optional way of specifying a UTM coordinate, e.g.,

 * Document more clearly the use of the hemisphere in place of the latitude band in a UTM coordinate, e.g.,

17N 630084 4833439

pointing out the possibility of confusion, see the last page:

http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/coordsys/grids/utm_ups.pdf

and emphasizing the need to specify which convention is in use.

I'm planning on making these changes in a few days. Comments? Cffk (talk) 12:21, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

OK. Changes made. Cffk (talk) 15:10, 26 October 2008 (UTC)

Please explicitely show use of all notations!

"UTM zone coordinates" (zone + North/South used)

"UTM grid coodinates" (zone + latitude band)

"UTM reference coordinates" -> MGRS

Article mixes all of it into one mess with wrong images. M. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.8.40.119 (talk) 12:14, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

Broken Link
The link in the References section is no longer valid:

http://www1.nga.mil/ProductsServices/GeodesyGeophysics/GPSPreciseEphemeris/Related%20Documents/utm_ups.pdf —Preceding unsigned comment added by Hedgehog0 (talk • contribs) 10:13, 11 March 2009 (UTC)

Conformal Projection
I believe that the statement under the "history" section that projections from a cylinder are not conformal is misleading. While it is true that standard mercator projections are not conformal, transverse mercator is considered conformal for scales of 1:500K and larger. Suggest removing this comment or changing it to say that "transverse mercator projections are considered confirm (meaning they preverse the shape) for scales of 1:500K and larger". This is especially true in the case of UTM which excludes the polar regions. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.196.233.140 (talk) 01:49, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

confusion in Locating a position using UTM coordinates section
In the section Locating_a_position_using_UTM_coordinates it has links to pages easting and northing and point of origin. In point of origin it states that:

 The coordinates of the origin are always all zero, for example (0,0) in two dimensions and (0,0,0) in three.

But in the Locating section it states:

 The point of origin of each UTM zone is the intersection of the equator and the zone's central meridian. In order to avoid dealing with negative numbers, the central meridian of each zone is given a "false easting" value of 500,000 meters. Thus, anything west of the central meridian will have an easting less than 500,000 meters. For example, UTM eastings range from 167,000 meters to 833,000 meters at the equator (these ranges narrow towards the poles).

If the central meridian has a "false easting" value of 500,000 then how can it be the point of origin as described on that page?

On the easting and northing page it states that:

 When using the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system, northing is the distance to the equator, while easting is the distance to the "false easting", which is uniquely defined in each UTM zone.

If this is true, then the value of 500,000 for the central meridian means 500,000 m to the "false easting" which, according to this section, is the central meridian! So the central meridian has a value of 500,000 and that means 500,000 m to the central meridian? Also, the statement When using the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system, northing is the distance to the equator doesn't seem to jibe with the Locating section:

 In the northern hemisphere, positions are measured northward from the equator, which has an initial "northing" value of 0 meters and a maximum "northing" value of approximately 9,328,000 meters at the 84th parallel — the maximum northern extent of the UTM zones. In the southern hemisphere, northings decrease as you go southward from the equator, which is given a "false northing" of 10,000,000 meters so that no point within the zone has a negative northing value.

A value of 9,400,000 would not be 9,400,000 m to the equator. It would be in the southern hemisphere, 600,000 m from the equator. (as I understand the Locating section)

So the Locating_a_position_using_UTM_coordinates section and the easting and northing and point of origin pages don't seem to be in agreement. I think the point of origin page is probably right and the Locating_a_position_using_UTM_coordinates section is wrong. I think the easting and northing is probably wrong and the Locating_a_position_using_UTM_coordinates section is correct.

But regardless, those pages are supposed to be authoritative on those subjects and this page and section should be in agreement with them.

My Wikipedia (talk) 17:44, 29 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Agreed, this section is still extremely confusing, six years later. The phrase "central meridian" gets redefined, and the description of how to avoid negative numbers makes no sense as written.  It desperately needs to be cleaned up by somebody good at writing clear English, ideally with an explanatory graphic.  I would make an attempt, but I can't figure it out myself.  107.135.140.113 (talk) 20:14, 23 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Is it any better now? Strebe (talk) 22:01, 23 May 2016 (UTC)

Advantages of the UTM System over Other Systems?
Could anyone add a section about the advantages, if any, of the UTM system over other coordinate systems? --Roland 03:46, 17 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I second that request. I'm trying to reasons why UTM or Section/Township/Range would be desirable, because I can't think of any good ones. Ufwuct (talk) 20:14, 4 April 2012 (UTC)

Coordinate Transformations
I just don't like the first sentence in the section with the simplified formulas. There are no "exact formula's", all formula's are series expansions. In addition, all the formula's that I have seen are "usable", they are just more complicated. Accuracy is pretty important here and I would recommned that this just be presented as a simplified formula as a point of reference. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tomcard (talk • contribs) 19:32, 11 November 2011 (UTC)

Simplified formulas from latitude, longitude (φ, λ) to UTM coordinates (E, N)
Hi, What means sum from j=0 to 2 and product from k=1 to j inside when j = 0 ? It looks a little like division by 0. How to write this formula not using sigma and pi notations ? Previous formulas perhaps were not so accurate (maybe not to mm), but they were very easy to use. These new ones (beginning from 03:24, 15 March 2012) are a little unclear.

Thank you.
 * $$A=\frac{a}{1+n}\sum_{j=0}^{2}\left\{\prod_{k=1}^{j}\left(\frac{3n}{2k}-n\right)\right\}^2$$

Darekk2 (talk) 20:18, 21 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Is this formula correct at all ? Darekk2 (talk) 12:17, 23 July 2012 (UTC)

 * This particular formula is correct. To understand it you have to accept that the product with j=0 is "empty" and the product is then defined to be unity. The horrendous notation is quite off-putting for the expression for A is simply

A=\frac{a}{1+n}\left( 1+ \frac{n^2}{4} +\frac{n^4}{64} +\cdots \right) $$
 * Why does this editor make things so complicated? Why not just restore the lambda-series? (see below) I have not checked the other formulae but they are basically just a rehash of the original paper by Kruger.
 * Peter Mercator (talk) 21:51, 24 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your answer. The previous method (before march 2012) was much more transparent. Darekk2 (talk) 22:21, 24 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I should have said that the constant A is simply the first three terms of a series which sums to the meridian distance from equator to pole. Peter Mercator (talk) 21:00, 25 July 2012 (UTC)

 * This is not important at all, but I am just curious. What is wrong here ? I implemented to Access VBA and JavaScript three other methods including previous one from Wikipedia (and one from such military manual and JavaScript from Dutch's website), they work very well, but this new one gives completely nonsensical results. So there is something wrong with transformation of formulas to the code, units or formulas. Darekk2 (talk) 22:01, 25 July 2012 (UTC)

(here was code)

 * Private Function tanh(x As Double) As Double
 * 'hyperbolic tangent
 * tanh = (con_e ^ (2 * x) - 1) / (con_e ^ (2 * x) + 1)
 * End Function

 * Double (and triple) check your code for A! Does it reduce to my expression? Peter Mercator (talk) 22:57, 25 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Not at all.
 * n = 1.6792203863837E-03
 * nA = a / (1 + n) * ((3 * n / (2 * 1) - n) ^ 2 + ((3 * n / (2 * 1) - n) * (3 * n / (2 * 2) - n)) ^ 2) = 4,48870082555994E-03
 * and A from your formula for two elements:
 * nA = a / (1 + n) * (1 + n ^ 2 / 4 + n ^ 4 / 64) = 6367.44914582342
 * but final results are still nonsensical. Darekk2 (talk) 23:55, 25 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Always simplify algebra before coding. Your expression for A omits the leading '1' inside the brackets. If that doesn't work (as you claim) I can't help. Check your code. Have a look at a reliable source. I trust the paper by Karney at and also see . The expressions and notation are slightly different so beware. See if they work! I also suggest that you remove your code from this talk page as it is inappropriate here. Peter Mercator (talk) 09:52, 26 July 2012 (UTC)
 * So, could you write correct expression with that leading '1' ? Thank you in advance. And thank you for link to Karney publication with formulas. I have used so far in the past Dutch's JavaScript based on his formulas from his webpage, such military manual (part 1 and part 2, or here) and previous Wikipedia formulas. They all work very well, however previous Wikipedia formulas and military manual lack some simple formulas which can be obtained from Dutch's JavaScript. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Darekk2 (talk • contribs) 12:51, 26 July 2012 (UTC)

 * deleted code, because it is really inapropriate here nd only occupies space. Previous versions of this talk are still available ... Darekk2 (talk) 13:09, 29 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Here are data and results of sample calculations. Could anyone explain, whrere is beginning of the mistake ?
 * phi = 43,642567
 * lambda = -79,387139
 * lambda0 = -81
 * f = 298,257223563
 * n = 1,6792203863837E-03
 * a = 6378,137
 * A = 6367,44914582342
 * alpha1 = 8,37731818819254E-04, alpha2 = 7,60849695869916E-07, alpha3 = 1,20348778759666E-09
 * beta1 = 8,37732164082144E-04, beta2 = 5,90611086371992E-08, beta3 = 1,67699117943797E-10
 * delta1 = 3,35655144862887E-03, delta2 = 6,57191319317269E-06, delta3 = 1,76774599620756E-08
 * t = 0,223340108128025
 * xi_prim = 4,4009769892643
 * eta_prim = 36,413486361909
 * rho = 8,12700371895615E+85
 * tau = 2,64903350164501E+86
 * E0 = 500
 * k0 = 0,9996
 * N0 = 0
 * E = 8,62126392920262E+88
 * N = 2,81013984547736E+89

Strange values begin from rho i tau - maybe cosh and sinh are incorrectly computed ? Perhaps the formulas lack some additional explanations regarding for example units.

Darekk2 (talk) 23:16, 3 August 2013 (UTC)

More on coordinate transformations
I would like to make a few observations on the previous topics. Interested watchers should read the article on the Transverse Mercator projection: all references quoted are to be found there. The detailed seies are in the article Transverse Mercator: Redfearn series.
 * There is an exact form of the transverse Mercator projection. The analytic formulae, involving incomplete elliptic integrals, were obtained by E.H. Thompson in 1945 but not published until a paper of L.P.Lee in 1976 (ref8). This solution is very interesting because it is a bounded projection--it does not tend to infinity in any direction. See illustration in Transverse Mercator projection.
 * The exact solution provides a yardstick against which approximate series solution may be assessed. Two such approximations were published by Kruger in 1912 (ref6): one is an expansion (the lambda-series) in the longitude measured from the central meridian and the other an expansion (the n-series) in the flattening parameter . The latter is more accurate over a given interval in longitude.
 * The lambda-series is the one chosen for the UTM projections. The details of the full series are given in J.P.Snyder, Working manual, and in the US Defense Mapping Agency (Hager et al) manual (ref14). The formulae given in the Transverse Mercator: Redfearn series  are those used by the OSGB: they differ only in sub-millimeter terms.
 * To agree with the "official" UTM maps one must use the same formula in calculating transformations. The n-series should not be used. The fact that the n-series is more accurate is irrelevant.
 * The so-called "simplified formulae" are based on the n-series. This is quite misleading and I suggest that this section be deleted. I personally consider these formulae to be horrendously complicated and not at all transparent. If it is felt necessary to have formulae in this article, as against refs to TM article and the online literature, I would advocate restoring the previous formulae based on truncated lambda-series (but with refs to actual series used). I have meant to do this for some time but perhaps someone else can have a go.
 * Finally, I suspect that the simplified series introduced by user 官翁 (talk | contribs) were in fact put in place by the same Kawase he references. This is a case of a user introducing his own original research on a wiki page. The same has been done in Meridian arc.
 * Peter Mercator (talk) 12:09, 23 July 2012 (UTC)

More on simplified series
I have again unpacked the horrendous expression given for A_0. The truncated series is entirely in keeping with the truncated expressions for the other term. Please remember that this is a geodesy page: it is not a mathematics article. The concept of the product over the empty set will be unknown to most readers who arrive here: it has clearly confused at least two readers already. The generalisation to an arbitrary term is irrelevant here. Once again may I suggest that this material goes to the page Transverse Mercator: flattening series. Comments from third parties please. Peter Mercator (talk) 09:07, 10 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Amen. I do not understand the rationale for providing an infinite series for one element when the rest consists of truncations. Strebe (talk) 04:16, 11 September 2012 (UTC)

World Polyconic Grid
Many old military etc maps were published using the World Polyconic Grid (WPG), which preceded UTM. Please add info about this to the article and WP. Are there any online tools for converting from WPG? -96.237.4.73 (talk) 20:55, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

According to it's docs (not tried) GeoTools has support for world polyconic. GeoTools is a component in Geoserver and uDig, so that means they do too. I don't think QGIS uses GeoTools, so no information on if it does polyconic. Try using a proj4 file to force it to. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.133.50.94 (talk) 12:05, 29 January 2014 (UTC)

Indicate Units Employed in Formulae
A user might benefit if the article specifically indicates that all geographic coordinates in the formulae are given in radians. It has done so for distances specifying kilometers. However, the formula for λ0 suggests it is given in degrees. That value must be converted to radians before applying the result elsewhere - a conversion that could be missed by the inattentive user. RomanKal (talk) 21:03, 14 June 2015 (UTC)

 * It does not matter if you use degrees or radians. You just can’t mix up your units. Strebe (talk) 04:05, 16 June 2015 (UTC)

We see the UTM/TM relationship is not that complicated after all
Using proj notation, we see the UTM/TM relationship is not that complicated after all, +proj=utm +lon_0=123 +proj=tmerc +lon_0=123 +x_0=500000 +k=0.9996 are the same. Maybe use this as an example. Jidanni (talk) 21:53, 2 January 2016 (UTC)

In contrast to a popular presentation
User:Ciciban, could you please render this in lucid English? It's a circumlocution of some sort whose meaning I can only guess at. Strebe (talk) 21:37, 2 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Ist the meaning clear to you now? Yours, Ciciban (talk) 05:27, 3 March 2016 (UTC)

 * No. We don't attribute statements from citations to specific people in article bodies. User:Ciciban, what do you mean by "contrast", and why do you call the cited work "popular"? How is it popular? Aren't you really saying the cited work is wrong? Strebe (talk) 20:25, 3 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Dear Strebe, We don't attribute statements from citations to specific people in article bodies. — how would that inhibit you in comprehending my sentence? In contrast to — the meaning is explained here. Popular— in that it is the source, all other sources boil down to, according to the paper by Buchroithner and Pfahlbusch. And yes, according to Buchroithner and Pfahlbusch it's wrong. Is there any contradiction between popularity and wrongness? Please, stop complaining and start making suggestions. My feeling is that your objections guide me nowhere. I am shure that we have a common interest in developing the article. Have a nice weekend. Yours, Ciciban (talk) 11:58, 4 March 2016 (UTC)

 * Apologies for mixing in the comment about in-line attribution; that is a separate matter and I should have stated it separately. I have changed the text to something I consider more clear and encyclopædic. I read Buchroitner & Pfahlbusch’s paper. It doesn’t say anything about “popular”. It also feels rather nationalistic, judgmental, and unreasonably concludes definitively that the US system is based on the German without entertaining alternative explanations. I’m surprised the reviewers let it slip through with some of the incorrect and even self-contradictory statements: In the first paragraph of the introduction, it (correctly) states that Snyder 1993 gives no indication of the projection’s origin, but the final paragraph of the introduction includes Snyder 1993 (incorrectly) in the list of sources that claim UTM was invented by Americans. Also incorrectly in that list are Yang, Snyder, and Tobler 1999; Kennedy and Kopp 2001; Hofmann-Wellenhof, Lichtenegger, and Collins 2001. I don’t have access to the only other reference, which is a German periodical, but given that four out of five patently do not say what this paper claims is disappointing and concerning. Strebe (talk) 08:35, 5 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Thanks a lot — Ciciban (talk) 07:21, 6 March 2016 (UTC)

Describing Conformal projections
I suggest the passage:"This projection is conformal, so it preserves angles and approximates shape but distorts distance and area." should be changed to "This projection is conformal, so it preserves small shapes but distorts areas.". Because that would avoid implying that conformal projections get two things right, and draw attention to the alternative characteristic of an equivalent or equal area projection. Jayjay4547a (talk) 11:13, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

 * Preserving angles implies preserving local shapes. I amended the text. I don't think "getting two things right" (if the reader even draws that conclusion) necessarily prejudices the reader toward conformal and away from equal-area. Strebe (talk) 19:13, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

6° = up to 800km?
In the section defintions->UTM zone it is sugggested that a zone of 6° longitude would have a largest width of 800 km. I fail to see how this can be true. The Equator is approx. 40077 km wide. Divided by 360 degrees leaves a maximum degree-length of 112 km. A zone of 6° will be no wider than 668 km. I edited the article accordingly. 82.217.111.143 (talk) 11:39, 7 August 2017 (UTC)

a and A are used interchangeably in formulas
In the section about simplified formulas, at the end of the page, a is defined as the Earth radius and used in the first four formulas. The next ones use A which is not defined and I assume is the same as A. This should be clarified or corrected. Pot (talk) 17:08, 18 June 2021 (UTC)

 * Like many other variables in the formulae, 'A' is an intermediate value used in later calculations. It is not 'a', as should be clear from its definition in terms of 'a'. Intermediate values are normal in mathematical descriptions. Strebe (talk) 18:06, 18 June 2021 (UTC)

why the UTM system divides the global into sixty zones?
. 197.186.16.71 (talk) 17:09, 12 January 2023 (UTC)
 * As the article explains:
 * "By using narrow zones of 6° of longitude (up to 668 km) in width, and reducing the scale factor along the central meridian to 0.9996 (a reduction of 1:2500), the amount of distortion is held below 1 part in 1,000 inside each zone. Distortion of scale increases to 1.0010 at the zone boundaries along the equator."
 * It is a trade-off between convenience of covering a reasonable area per "slice" v distortion. --𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 19:09, 12 January 2023 (UTC)

Where are the numbers zero of the joints grid zone?
may you all tell me 27.109.113.245 (talk) 05:11, 20 May 2023 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Diabolic

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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I recommend you take a look at WikiProject Albums to see the guidelines for creating album articles. Cheers. --Madchester 03:16, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

Notability of The Paperbacks
seems to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable. --Android Mouse Bot 2 02:11, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of The Paperbacks
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article The Paperbacks, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process
 * notability is not established

All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because, even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Boston (talk) 05:57, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Diabolic


text:
ACTION

ACTION (Australian Capital Territory Internal Omnibus Network) is a bus operator in Canberra, Australia, and is owned by the Government of the Australian Capital Territory.

History
On 19 July 1926, the Federal Capital Commission commenced operating public bus services between Eastlake (now Kingston) in the south and Ainslie in the north.

The service was first known as Canberra City Omnibus Service, but it has had a number of names over the years, including Canberra City Bus Service, Canberra Omnibus Service and Canberra Bus Service. On 14 February 1977, it was renamed as the Australian Capital Territory Internal Omnibus Network, or ACTION for short.

In 1976, Canberra became the first city in Australia to operate articulated buses after the purchase of 25 MAN SG192s. In May 1982, ACTION commenced operating the Canberra Explorer in a joint venture with Murrays.

As part of the move to ACT self-government, responsibility for ACTION passed from the Federal Government to the ACT Government in 1989. In 2001, ACTION became a statutory authority.

Network 2019
In June 2018, the ACT Government released a proposal for changes to the bus network to coincide with the opening of the Light Rail which included a 7-day network with 10 rapid routes and an overhaul of the route numbers. The proposed changes caused controversy due to changes to school services and the removal of all Xpresso services. Public consultation for the proposal lasted between June and August 2018 and a modified proposal was released in October 2018. The starting date of the new bus network was pushed back to 29 April 2019 due to delays on the construction of the Light Rail.

Corporate structure
ACTION is a business unit of the Public Transport Division of Transport Canberra & City Services. Transport Canberra was formed on 1 July 2016 by combining the Public Transport Division and Capital Metro Agency to manage all public transport operations within the ACT.

Current routes
ACTION operates a 7-day network of bus routes including nine main routes and 48 local routes.

R2
Route R2 is a limited stop service between Fraser, Kippax, Belconnen, City, Parkes, Barton and Iron Knob Street, Fyshwick (at the Canberra Outlet Centre).

It operates at a 15-minute frequency on weekdays and it operates at a 30-minute frequency on weekends and public holidays.

R3
Route R3 is a limited stop service between Spence, Belconnen, City, Russell Offices and Canberra Airport.

It operates at a 15-minute frequency on weekdays and it operates at a 30-minute frequency on weekends and public holidays.

R4
Route R4 services provide a high-frequency link between Belconnen, City, Woden and Tuggeranong.

It operates at a 5 to 10-minute frequency on weekdays and it operates at a 15-minute frequency on weekends and public holidays.

R5
Route R5 is a high-frequency link between the City, Woden, Erindale Centre, Calwell Centre and Lanyon Marketplace.

It operates at a 15-minute frequency on weekdays and it operates at a 30-minute frequency on weekends and public holidays.

R6
Route R6 is a high-frequency link between the City, Parkes, Barton, Kingston, Manuka, Narrabundah, the Canberra Hospital and Woden.

It operates at a 15-minute frequency on weekdays and it operates at a 30-minute frequency on weekends and public holidays.

R7
Route R7 is an express link between the City, Cooleman Court and Chapman.

It operates at a 15-minute frequency on weekdays and it operates at a 30-minute frequency on weekends and public holidays.

R8
Route R8 is a direct main route between the Gungahlin Town Centre and the bus stations at Belconnen.

It operates at a 15-minute frequency on weekdays and it operates at a 30-minute frequency on weekends and public holidays.

R9
Route R9 is an east-west link between Belconnen, Canberra Stadium, Dickson and Watson.

It operates at a 15-minute frequency on weekdays and it operates at a 30-minute frequency on weekends and public holidays.

R10
Route R10 is a direct link between Denman Prospect and the City.

It operates at a 30-minute frequency on weekdays, weekends and public holidays.

Regular route services
ACTION's regular weekday services operate either as feeder services to a single town centre or connect two or three town centres via suburban streets.

During weekends and public holidays, ACTION provides a reduced level of service with most suburban routes operating with an hourly or two-hourly frequency.

Other peak services
ACTION operates 3 weekday peak hour routes as an express service between outer suburbs of Tuggeranong and the City. These routes are numbered in the 100 series.

ACTION trialled a shuttle bus loop service from Canberra Airport to the Fairbairn Business Park on a three month trial basis. The service operated from 7am until 10am in the morning and again from 4pm until 7pm in the afternoon on weekdays.

School services
School services are provided by ACTION to schools and colleges throughout the ACT. These are numbered in the 1000 and 2000 series.

Special needs transport
ACTION also operates the special needs transport division which provides transport for school students with a disability. This division is operated using a dedicated fleet of wheelchair-accessible minibuses.

Flexible bus service
The Flexible bus service operates on weekdays to provide a free, basic bus service to passengers with limited access to normal public transport options. Six services operate daily providing a pick up service in the morning from designated suburbs to shopping centres and hospitals, with return services operating in the afternoon.

These bus services are operated by the special needs transport minibuses.

Cash fares
There are four cash fare options on ACTION:
 * Adult Single (with 90-minute transfer)
 * Adult Daily
 * Concession Single (with 90-minute transfer)
 * Concession Daily

Concession tickets are available to school students, full-time tertiary students, seniors card holders and various government concession card holders.

Pre-paid fares
The pre-paid ticketing system operated by the ACT Government is known as MyWay. It uses contactless smart cards with MIFARE-Technology onto which credit is loaded. Passengers are required to 'tag on' when boarding the bus and 'tag off' when exiting, at which point the appropriate fare is calculated and, if required, deducted from the stored value on the MyWay card.

The MyWay system uses Parkeon software and equipment including Wayfarer 200 consoles and Axio card readers. The system was built and installed by Parkeon's Australian distributor, Downer EDi. Instead of being developed from scratch, MyWay was adapted from Transperth's SmartRider system which also uses Parkeon hardware and software.

Fleet
As at February 2023, ACTION's route service fleet consisted of 459 buses.

Bicycle racks have been fitted to the front of 94% of the buses in the fleet. Each rack can hold two bicycles. Passengers may load a bicycle onto the rack for free, but must pay a regular fare to travel on the bus.

Apart from buses with all over advertising or special designs, ACTION's fleet sport either a blue, orange and white (Renault buses) or a green, orange and white livery (all other buses). In December 2016, a predominantly blue livery was introduced.

ACTION's Special Needs Transport division operates a fleet of eighteen Mitsubishi Fuso Rosa minibuses. These buses are white in colour and do not operate on route services.

ACTION also operate Toyota Hiace Commuter and Hyundai iMax vans which can be used to transport passengers, Hino Dutro trucks used by mechanics to attend broken down buses and a single Mack tow truck.

ACTION's heritage fleet consists of a 1949 AEC Regal III and a 1961 AEC Reliance.

History
Until the mid-1970s, purchases mainly comprised heavyweight British built AEC and Leyland chassis before a switch was made to European chassis. In 1972, the first Volvo B58s were purchased. These were followed by MAN SL200s from 1975, articulated MAN SG192s from 1976, Mercedes-Benz O305s from 1981, articulated O305Gs from 1982, Renault PR100.2s from 1986, articulated Renault PR180.2s from 1988 and Renault PR100.3s from 1994. The Renaults were badged as Macks although they carried the Renault diamond badge.

Although primarily purchasing new buses, ACTION has on occasions purchased and hired second-hand buses. With industrial action in England causing a shortage of both chassis and parts at a time Canberra was undergoing phenomenal growth, in February 1974, 12 Leyland OPS2/1s were hired from the Public Transport Commission. In June 1974 the entire 10 bus fleet of Bedford, Ford and Thornycroft buses of recently ceased operator Bowden's Bus Service of Tamarama was purchased. A number of Bedfords and Fords were purchased from dealer's stock.

In 1997, 25 Wright Crusader bodied Dennis Darts were imported from Northern Ireland.

In 2001, 17 former North & Western Bus Lines Hino RG197Ks were leased from Sydney Buses for a short period. In February 2004, 20 Custom Coaches bodied Irisbus Agoras built for, but not delivered to King Brothers entered service.

Livery
Fleet livery was originally fawn with a yellow stripe. This was replaced by the 1960s by a coffee body with arctic green window area and red stripe. In 1973, a yellow body with arctic green window surrounds and light blue stripe livery was introduced. This was replaced in 2004 by the current white, green and orange livery.

Registrations
Initially buses were registered in the C#### series. By the 1960s, buses were registered as ZIB### in the Commonwealth of Australia series. In May 1989, the fleet was reregistered onto ACT Government BUS### plates.

Depots
ACTION operates three depots:
 * Woden Bus Depot, Prospect Court, Phillip opened 16 April 1974, closing in February 1997 before reopening in 2009. From 2009 it housed the Special Needs Transport minibus fleet and buses which are not in service. It was demolished in 2018 with a new depot currently being built.
 * Belconnen Bus Depot, Cohen Street, Belconnen opened 3 September 1979, includes a bus wash, workshop, undercover bus parking, diesel refill, drivers amenities and administrative area.
 * Tuggeranong Bus Depot, Scollay Street, Greenway opened in August 1989, includes a bus wash, workshop, undercover bus parking, CNG and diesel fuelling facilities, drivers amenities and administrative area.

Bus Stations
ACTION operates seven bus stations, which act as hubs for the districts of Canberra.

 * City Interchange (opened 23 November 1982 and remodelled 2000) serves Canberra Central, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R10 services. It provides interchange with light rail (R1)
 * Woden Interchange (opened 4 December 1972, second stage opened 1982 ) serves Woden Valley, Weston Creek, Tuggeranong, R4, R5 and R6 services
 * Tuggeranong Interchange (opened 12 August 1991 ) serves Tuggeranong and R4 services
 * Located in Belconnen Town Centre are three bus stations - Cohen Street (opened 2009) and Belconnen Community Station (opened November 2010) and Westfield Belconnen Station - which serve Belconnen, R2, R3, R4, R8 and R9 services
 * Gungahlin Town Centre - located on Gungahlin Place - serves Gungahlin and R8 services. It provides interchange with light rail (R1)

City Interchange is located on East Row, Mort Street and Alinga Street. Limited local access is permitted on Mort and Alinga Streets, while East Row is a bus-only street. Since April 2019, several major routes stop in the part of Aligna Street to the west of Northbourne Avenue, but it continued to be open to traffic until 26 July 2019. Woden and Tuggeranong Interchange are off street stations which permit access only to buses, essential traffic and emergency vehicles.

Belconnen Town Centre is serviced by two bus stations located along Cohen Street: Cohen Street Bus Station (located outside the Belconnen Bus Depot near the intersection with Josephson Street, opened in May 2009) and Belconnen Community Bus Station (located between Benjamin Way and Emu Bank, at the site of the former Belconnen Interchange, opened in November 2010). In addition, a major stop is located outside Westfield Belconnen, near the intersection of Cohen and Lathlain Streets. All bus routes travelling to or through Belconnen Town Centre service all three locations. Additional stops are located on Emu Bank and Eastern Valley Way which are serviced by most routes which travel through Belconnen Town Centre.

Bus shelters

Bus shelters installed at stops include what is referred to as a "concrete bunker" which were first installed in May 1975. More modern shelters include glass-sided Adshel shelters (both with and without advertising) which were first installed in 2007 and CAM (Community Asset Management NZ Limited) shelters which were first installed in 2012.

title: ACTION


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/FuelDog

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Bratsche talk 5 pillars 02:13, August 29, 2005 (UTC)

FuelDog
Not notable, ad. --fvw *  03:17, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator. Fernando Rizo T/C 03:58, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, utter screed. --Agamemnon2 09:32, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Badvertisment. Alf 09:37, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete ad spam. -- DS1953 13:04, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Advertisement. --*drew 22:49, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/FuelDog


text:
Talk:USS Hammann (DD-412)

Original stub stated that the Hammann was sunk by aircraft. It was sunk by the I-158. --Belchja 03:17, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Does the surviving crew still hold reunions with others from the USS Gansevoort (DD-608)? ClaudeReigns 22:40, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:USS Hammann (DD-412)


text:
Talk:Interval (time)

Why does this warrant an article? Can this be anything more than a dictdef? - Centrx 03:18, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Change to Redirect
I proposed deleting this article, because after 4 years it still only consisted of two odd sentences that seemed to belong in wictionary got no response after about a week, except from User:DGG, who recommended that it be a redirect to Time. I'm still interested to see if anyone wants to rebuild this article, will not take offence if they do. VKIL (talk) 00:39, 10 August 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Interval (time)


text:
Talk:Period (physics)

This article should probably be deleted, but by no means should it be redirected to interval (time). It is a specific kind of interval, and is not even the same thing as the other physics-specific meaning of interval. - Centrx 03:19, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

I think it makes sense to redirect it to periodicity, so I will be bold and do so now. Spalding 21:58, August 24, 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Period (physics)


text:
Operation Kratos

Operation Kratos was a set of tactics developed by London's Metropolitan Police Service for dealing with suspected suicide bombers, most notably firing shots to the head without warning. The tactics were developed shortly after the 11 September 2001 attacks, based in part on consultation with Israeli and Sri Lankan law enforcement agencies on how to deal with suicide bombers. Little was revealed about these tactics until after the mistaken shooting of Jean Charles de Menezes on 22 July 2005, in the wake of the 7 July 2005 London bombings. The term is no longer used by the Metropolitan Police, although similar tactics remain in force.

Development
After the 11 September 2001 attacks, many police agencies worldwide began to seriously consider the possibility of suicide attacks in their own home countries and cities. A Metropolitan Police team led by Barbara Wilding, Deputy Assistant Commissioner Specialist Operations, visited Israel, Sri Lanka and Russia, to learn from their experience of suicide attacks. They also consulted UK government scientists.

Key findings were:
 * The explosives used by suicide bombers were very sensitive, and were likely to be detonated by the conventional tactic of firing at the chest, as well as by less-lethal weapons.
 * Suicide bombers were likely to detonate their devices on realising that they had been identified. Police must act covertly, and tactics must ensure immediate incapacitation to give the bomber no opportunity to detonate the bomb.

New tactics were developed in the first half of 2002 by Wilding and Sir David Veness, Assistant Commissioner Specialist Operations. These were designated Operation Kratos, named after the Greek demi-god Kratos (κράτος). Work on the policy was taken over by the Terrorism and Allied Matters Committee of the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) in January 2003. A paper entitled Operation Kratos People was circulated among UK police forces, and Operation Kratos became national policy.

Details
Operation Kratos is the collective name for a range of anti-terrorist tactics, specifically:
 * Operation Andromeda, "designed to deal with the spontaneous sighting by a member of the public of a suspected suicide bomber."
 * Operation Beach, "where there is an intelligence-led covert operation to locate and arrest persons suspected of involvement in acts of terrorism."
 * Operation Clydesdale, "where intelligence has been received about a suicide attack on a pre-planned event."

These plans deal with identifying and confronting suicide attackers. Ideally, the confrontation would be arranged in a secluded location to avoid risk to police officers and members of the public. In extreme situations, the policy recommends that covert police officers fire on suspected suicide attackers without warning, aiming multiple shots at the brain stem to minimise the risk of detonation of a bomb. The Metropolitan Police and other forces also issue Kratos officers with hollow-point bullets, but this has not been incorporated into national guidance.

The decision whether to take such drastic action would be made by a Designated Senior Officer (DSO), an officer of Commander or Deputy Assistant Commissioner rank designated for that incident. The Met had previously used an on-site Designated Senior Officer in policing the Notting Hill Carnival, to decide whether to employ baton rounds should a riot develop, but the situation never arose. To deal with the more severe challenge of suicide bombers, Kratos DSOs would be centrally located, and would be available at all times.

London bombings and the de Menezes shooting
After the London Tube and Bus bombings of 7 July 2005, an internal email was sent to specialised police units reminding them of the secret tactics for dealing with suicide bombers. Operation Kratos was first described publicly in an article in The Scotsman on 15 July 2005. Between 21 July and 5 August, Designated Senior Officers were alerted on 11 occasions, with Armed Response Units deployed to 6 of these incidents. On one of these occasions, they opened fire.

In the evening after the attempted 21 July 2005 London bombings, Specialist Firearms Officers supporting the search for the bombers were issued with hollow-point bullets. When police linked Hussain Osman and another suspect to a block of flats in Brixton, the block was placed under surveillance. Commander Cressida Dick, who would also act as Gold Commander of the operation, was appointed as Kratos DSO. The firearms team were informed that they faced suicide bombers, that a DSO was in place, and that they might be required to use "unusual tactics".

On the morning of 22 July, surveillance officers believed that a man leaving the flats might have been Osman. In fact, the man was Jean Charles de Menezes, who had no connection to the bombers other than his home address. As the firearms team was not at the site (for unknown reasons), one of the watchers followed him onto a bus. de Menezes's innocent actions were misinterpreted as counter-surveillance measures, and a firearms team was called to intercept him. By the time they had arrived, de Menezes had entered Stockwell tube station and boarded a Tube train. Although no Kratos codeword had been given, the firearms officers believed him to be a suicide bomber. A surveillance officer seized de Menezes in a bear hug, and two plainclothes armed officers fired a total of nine shots, six of which struck his head from distances of 1 to 8 cm (½" to 3"). Menezes died at the scene.

Reaction to the shooting
The manner of the killing was such a departure from previous police practice that observers speculated that it had been carried out by military special forces. Most commentators agreed that the authorities must have been certain of an imminent threat to order such drastic action. After the police admitted that they had shot an innocent man, the Operation Kratos policies came to national and international attention, with some commentators decrying the policies as unnecessarily violent and ineffective, and others supporting the difficult decisions made by the police in fighting terrorism.

An Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) report identified a series of errors on the part of police, and recommended a number of changes. No individual officers were charged, but the Metropolitan Police were later found guilty of breaching the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and fined. The inquest into the death of de Menezes made further criticisms of the police, and returned an open verdict.

ACPO reviewed Operation Kratos in March 2006 and declared it still "fit for purpose". The Met made changes to the command structure of Operation Kratos after the shooting. In the future, authorisation of a critical shot would be communicated by a clear English phrase rather than code-words. Authorisation would still come from specially trained officers of Commander rank or higher, but these would now be called Extreme Threat Tactical Commanders rather than DSOs. Despite the high rank of this officer, they would not command the whole operation, but would monitor the operation and take over tactical command when a threat of suicide bombing became apparent. The number of such officers in the Met would be reduced to 12, and they would receive more intensive training. The term Operation Kratos was dropped at the beginning of 2008.

Wooden Pride
After the 2008 Mumbai attacks by a group of highly trained men armed with automatic weapons, the MPS strategic planning team reviewed their planned response to a similar attack on an urban area in the UK. They concluded that the police armed units were inadequate to cope with such a situation and would have to rely on military special forces. Police firearms were upgraded and in a series of exercises over the following years called "Wooden Pride", police counter-terrorism and firearms units practiced a coordinated response with the Special Air Service and Special Boat Service.

title: Operation Kratos


text:
User talk:Deranged Coder

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, you can post to the help desk or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! -- ZeWrestler  Talk 03:20, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Deranged Coder


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/AntinousPalazzoAltemps

AntinousPalazzoAltemps

A beautiful and striking bust of Antinous, this image graces the Antinous article. I am the photographer.

 * Nominate and support. - RyanFreisling @ 03:21, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * It looks too ... Can't describe it. The wall and the bust have too much of a similar color for the bust to stand out. - Mgm|(talk) 09:48, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * I did a level adjust on the background - a bit darker, to accentuate the bust. Also higher-resolution, from the original. How does it now strike your fancy? :) -- RyanFreisling @ 14:27, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Please use the new version that is lightened for contrast, it looks better.Voice of All(MTG) 18:59, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * support. Gzuckier 16:17, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * support. Good topic and good image quality. These kind of things look great on the front page of encyclopedia's. :) Voice of All(MTG) 16:43, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * support. Robert McClenon 02:02, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * If I had a critic to make, I'd say that the dark corner in the upper right tends to attenuate the volume of the photograph, and also brings the attention from the statue; it's be intersting to try and attenuate the background, or blank it completely. Apart from this, a very godd photograph indeed. Congratulations. Rama 16:07, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Please wait with your support votes until it's in the voting period. I'm still wondering if I find this featured material, but the edit has stopped me from opposing it, even if I may not support. - Mgm|(talk) 18:37, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'll support the top image as a featured picture.--MONGO 20:00, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * Very poorly framed, the flash lighting is unflattering, and if it were feature-worthy on its own merits, you wouldn't have needed to spam a dozen of your friends' talk pages.              -- User:Cryptic 15:53, 23 August 2005
 * Is asking for comments here spamming? I don't think it's at all bad faith to elicit comments. Thanks for your opinion, though... it's as valid as anyone else's. And also - they are not all my friends - some are, some are users I just met in recent talk, and some are users I've disagreed strongly with before - to get as many valid comments as possible. On your original point, if you'd like better cropping, let me know... -- RyanFreisling @ 21:02, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I posted another variant, with the bust shifted left, and the tip of the shoulder retouched in. -- RyanFreisling @ 06:31, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Please note that I have updated the user pages above with the correct image under consideration. I hope you do not take offense. -- RyanFreisling @ 07:07, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I like the top image but the photoshopping is a little too obvious - the black areas around the edges look obvious if you look at the high-res image. I'm not sure what the criteria are to make this a featured picture.  --csloat 21:12, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Hi Sloat. The available criteria from the main pages are:
 * "images and charts that we find beautiful, striking, shocking, impressive, titillating, fascinating, incredible, or in short just brilliant. It is the visual equivalent to Featured articles and, as such, even more subjective." Featured pictures
 * "Featured pictures is a list of images that add significantly to articles, either by illustrating article content particularly well, or being eye-catching to the point where users will want to read its accompanying article. Taking the common saying that "a picture is worth a thousand words", the images featured on Wikipedia:Featured pictures should illustrate a Wikipedia article in such a way as to add significantly to that article. " Featured picture candidates
 * Regardless of your opinion, thanks for your opinion. And I'll see about doing a better mask on the level adjustment, to get rid of any visible 'halo' or 'glow'. :) -- RyanFreisling @ 21:20, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've performed this retouch/remasking, it's the current 'big' thumb. Thoughts? -- RyanFreisling @ 06:03, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Don't have a problem with it. Retouching in this way is just like recompensating for poor lighting when taking a picture with a camera. Support. - Ta bu shi da yu 07:55, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppoose. I have a minor in art history so don't think i don't appreciate the work, i just think there are way beeter busts and statues out there that are more striking and impressive. --ScottyBoy900Q ∞  14:10, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Agree with ScottyBoy900Q. Enochlau 05:46, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Would you folks point a few of them out to me? Are they on Wikipedia? I do not mean to challenge your votes by asking. -- RyanFreisling @ 05:55, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm definitely not saying it's a bad picture...on the contrary, I think its very nice (especially the touched up version). It just doesn't stand out to me as especially striking.  I couldn't really even find one that I would consider a stand out among the bust pictures on Wikipedia. --ScottyBoy900Q ∞  02:12, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I understand, that lack of gorgeous bust pictures was something I too noticed (I have been getting a few more ready, mostly of Italian statua). and thanks for your opinion, regardless of pro/con. :) -- RyanFreisling @ 02:54, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose Looks very anonymous at first glance, so it must have a great story behind to be worth featuring -- in other words, it would need a featured article for support, which is obviously not the point when picking a featured picture. Of course, just my 2c. --Gutza 20:43, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Support (late vote lets just pretend I did this like 3 days ago) --kizzle 15:44, September 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sadly, I think that ship has already sailed. Although the image technically met the criteria as stated, two other users have concluded it shouldn't be promoted, and I respect their opinions and don't want to appear the sore loser. Thanks for your vote, though. I'll re-list it, and refrain from posting comparative images or otherwise introducing imprecision. -- RyanFreisling @ 15:50, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Image not promoted, 6-3. Neutralitytalk 23:09, September 7, 2005 (UTC)


text:
Mayo, Yukon

Mayo is a village in Yukon, Canada, along the Silver Trail and the Stewart River. It had a population of 200 in 2016. The Yukon Bureau of Statistics estimated a population of 496 in 2019. It is also the home of the First Nation of Na-Cho Nyak Dun, whose primary speak the northern variety of the Tutchone language. Na-Cho Nyäk Dun translates into "big river people."

The community, formerly called Mayo Landing, is serviced by Mayo Airport. The village was named after former circus acrobat turned settler and explorer Alfred Mayo.

Its only school is the J.V. Clark School, which is named after James Vincent Clark (1924–1994). As of December 2022 the school had 46 students with 34 in primary and 12 in secondary. As of the 2023 - 2024 school year the principal is Douglas Cooper.

History
Before Europeans came there were in the area two communities of the Na-cho Nyäk Dun people, who lived by hunting and trapping. The river now known as the Stewart River was known as the "Náhcho Nyäk" ('Great River'). The people lived across the Stewart River from the main focus of today's Mayo, in a district today called "Old Mayo village". The old settlement was reinstated on the initiative of a missionary, but in 1934 the river burst its banks and flattened much of the old village, destroying the church and many cultural treasures.

The first gold discoveries in the area were made in the 1880s: silver was also discovered some time later. Until the middle of the 20th century Mayo was only connected with the outside world by the river and received any supplies by boat. In the 1950s the construction of the Klondike Highway and the Silver Trail provided Mayo with a road link to Stewart Crossing.

Between 1973 and 1984 negotiation took place between the government and Northern Tutchone leaders over land rights and self-government. A breakthrough came only in 1993 with a treaty between the residents and the lawmakers concerning an area of 4739 km2 and a payment, over fifteen years, totalling C$14.5 million.

Together with the Trʼondëk Hwëchʼin First Nation an agreement has been made with Yukon Energy to supply electricity to Dawson City using the Mayo-Dawson Power Line.

May 2008 saw a preliminary agreement with Alexco Resource Corp concerning silver extraction in the Keno Hill Silver area near the far end of Mayo Lake (approximately 45 km northeast of the village) where the corporation operates approximately 40 silver mines.

Demographics
In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada, Mayo had a population of 188 living in 108 of its 149 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 200. With a land area of 0.98 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Climate
Mayo has a subarctic climate (Köppen: Dfc), with generally warm summers and severely cold winters lasting half the year. Spring and autumn are very short transitional seasons between summer and winter, with average temperatures rising and falling very fast during these times.

The temperature difference between the record low in February (-62.2 C) and the record high in June (36.1 C) is (-98.3 C-change), one of the largest temperature differentials ever recorded. It has some of the warmest summers in the Yukon with a mean average summer temperature of 14.7 C.

title: Mayo, Yukon


text:
Talk:Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger

Vocoder/Talkbox?
This article used to say that the song used a vocoder; now it says a talkbox was used. Can anyone verify which is correct or say why they changed it?
 * It is a vocoder - somebody keeps editing Daft Punk articles to say they use a talkbox and it's driving me nuts - the two are very different! I have edited it back, I will find a reference when I get a spare minute. Davetibbs 12:18, 2 August 2007 (UTC)
 * It sounds more like a talkbox. Daft Punk use vocoders in some songs and talkboxes in others. HBFS is definitely a talkbox. Don't know if I can find a source for it. Douglasr007 17:59, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

So which was it? We need a source. makes no sense to just call it "a robotic voice effect" - that doesn't explain anything --75.11.13.129 (talk) 17:56, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

It sounds much more like a talkbox than a vocoder.

I don't think it was a vocoder. There's a YouTube video of a guy playing this live on a talkbox and it's so accurate that I think it may actually may help coming to a conclusion here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwf2uvWlL_c  77.179.32.136 (talk) 21:29, 3 October 2015 (UTC)
 * The conclusion won't be determined by committee, but by citing a source. jhsounds (talk) 22:03, 3 October 2015 (UTC)

Workit Flash
SM - 21:24:48 MDT: Added link to the "workit" flash by EvilZug.

 * Flash animations are not notable. Just64helpin 18:38, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

Lyrics
The first link was wrong so I corrected it, replacing the second link because the first does not have advertisements. --Anthony5429 16:13, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Uh, I don't think the link I used contained ads. Then again I use Firefox, so I more than likely didn't see them.  The link works now and that's all that matters :) Bmecoli 23:32, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Copyrighted material will be removed. Just64helpin 18:38, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

What is the go here? I was going to add something about the misunderstood lyrics ("hour after hour, work is never over" VS "hour after, our work is never over") but there is no point if it was already deleted. Personally I think the former is correct, the latter makes no sense but I can't find a genuine source on the correct lyrics. lachie_h (u 00:10, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
 * The liner notes of the Discovery album contain the lyrics, and I suppose that could be used as a primary source. However there would still need to be a secondary source indicating the "misunderstood" nature of the lyric. jhsounds (talk) 03:48, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Good Point. So which are the correct lyrics? I'm happy to make the necessary changes but I don't have the liner notes. I'm also curious to see what the real lyrics are... lachie_h (u 03:14, 22 February 2012 (UTC)

The phrasing "Better, Faster, Stronger" is the same as from the 1973 TV series "Million Dollar Man" opening intro. Is that the origin of the phrase, or is it from before the TV show? It seems like credit should be given to the source if it is known.

 * The origin (or at least an inspiration) is probably the motto of the Olympic Games, "Citius, Altius, Fortius" ("faster, higher, stronger" in English) 95.130.26.21 (talk) 08:25, 9 March 2024 (UTC)

Defacements removed
Reverted to an earlier version after I found junk added to it (sexual references replacing track listings, etc.).

the readdition of a direct link to the sample
the articles i've readded a direct link to provide a sample for illustrative purposes, and hence are fair use. please discuss the matter before deleting them again. --Kaini 05:10, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Offensive Secret Message
There has been speculation of a message distinguishable when playing the song backwards, however it contains sexual references and possibly a reference to rape. I'm not sure if it would be appropriate to include/link to. The Bone III 03:52, 10 February 2007 (UTC)
 * If the link is just a video with reversed sound, it would not be appropriate. Just64helpin 20:19, 10 February 2007 (UTC)
 * A quick Google search revealled the flash video that "reveals" the secret message (at http://www.albinoblacksheep.com/flash/daftpunk) however, in my humble opinion like nearly all backmasking "revelations" it's an absolute load of rubbish - it sounds (incredibly vaugely) like the words they flash on the screen because they're telling you what to hear. The power of suggestion is very strong.  Therefore I agree with Just64helpin - it's just a load of backwards words. Davetibbs 19:27, 7 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Agree too, you can get stuff like that out of almost any song, and not even the flash video demonstrating it seems to be very serious about it... hardly notable. 84.217.196.130 23:41, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

Sample
http://www.ultragraphik.com/blog/index.php?q=daft+punk

Check it out, shouldn't it be noted that Daft Punk sampled Edwin Birdsong - Cola Bottle Baby. Which is why I found it very surprising that Kanye West would sample Daft Punk, because that is in essence sampling a sample. Which is generally considered wrong in Hip-Hop. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.107.53.64 (talk • contribs)
 * Um, it's already noted. As I stated elsewhere, "Cola Bottle Baby" has nothing to do with "Stronger", which samples only an accapella vocal from Daft Punk. Just64helpin 17:46, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Yeah, Kanye West is only sampling what Daft Punk added to the "Cola Bottle Baby" song. Douglasr007 19:43, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
 * So Kanye just sampled the vocal portion of Daft Punk and the rest of the instruments were played out? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.107.53.64 (talk) 21:02, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
 * It's more likely that Kanye sampled the vocal-only version of "Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger" released by Daft Punk a while back, but yes. Just64helpin 21:16, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Not the vocal only version, as "Stronger" includes the drum track that goes along with that section of the song. I know, I sampled it myself once. He took the sparsely instrumental section that occurs betweenst 2:02 and 2:09 in the original. 67.167.105.195 03:23, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Loop
Now with the 2007 version referenced as a single, when searching through the list of singles by Daft Punk, if you try to access the 2004 version it goes to the 2007 version which makes a loop making the reader unable to see what singles came before the 2004 version of Daft Punk. I realize that wasn't worded very well and could be far better understood by going though the singles. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.22.201.114 (talk) 08:44, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

Groovy Dancing Girl - Sophie Merry
Links: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sr2JneittqQ&feature=related http://www.boreme.com/boreme/funny-2007/groovy-dancing-girl-p1.php

It took a little while for me to find the name of the song and trace it to this page. I invite readers to check out the above links to see a dance interpretation of the song by Irish girl Sophie Merry. The viral phenomenon of the dance video on Youtube captured the imagination of designers for Etam, a French clothing company. She was featured on an Irish chat show programme Saturday 17th May 2008 - I just had to see the video again. This previously unknown who dances for the love of it has just gone global. I think she's great!

LOL!

86.43.210.252 (talk) 23:09, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

Michael O'Neill, Dublin, Ireland - 18th May 2008

 * I think her work deserves notability for inclusion, as she's using some of the same techniques of altering video as daft Punk use for audio. One of the ways Daft punk emphasize the digital realm from which their music comes is strict quantizing of most of the samples, which is a long way of saying "letting the computer decide the timing of the notes and samples in the music." Sophie--is it Sophie? Her moniker is "Bandy Toaster." At any rate, she's an animator I've corresponded with who is quantizing video of herself dancing to match the music.  Her youtube video for HBFS has over 3 million views, so I would heartily vote for a mention in the article.  O0drogue0o (talk) 10:03, 12 October 2008 (UTC)

Daft Hands
There seems to be a youtube buzz about this song recently - people are doing a kind of choreographed hand movements, showing the lyrics of the song written on their hands. Here's the video that started it http://youtube.com/watch?v=K2cYWfq--Nw (more than two million views in about three months, which is a lot more than even the real video has). Search for "daft hands" and you'll get a lot of other results. I think this might be notable. 84.217.196.130 23:48, 29 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Please see WP:N. Just64helpin 23:54, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

I'm definitely gonna say YES. I actually suggested this on another page before realizing it was the Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger. But I'm definielty in support of adding Daft Hands.

Mr.troughton 16:33, 12 October 2007 (UTC)
 * It can't. Not notable per WP:N, YouTube fails verifiability so it also fails WP:V, and it's just a fad. Douglasr007 20:11, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

But it has been recognized in media other than youtube. The guy who originated it did a whole circuit of talk shows including The Ellen Show.

Mr.troughton 15:59, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

 * If Daft Hands is excluded just because of WP:N (and therefore WP:V) that just shows how notability has gotten totally out of control on Wikipedia. This "fad" has over 9 million views on youtube now. Wikipedia is lax as an encyclopedia if it doesn't make mention of its popularity. Plus, it's recognized in other media as Mr.troughton astutely noted. I'm going to get bold and add it. - Draeco 07:48, 1 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree that it should be here, but please add links to 3rd party uses of the video. --129.241.151.140 (talk) 21:13, 15 December 2007 (UTC)
 * What about "Daft Bodies"? It has almost three million views after only five months on Youtube. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.211.171.142 (talk) 01:58, 29 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Notability is not based on the number of views. Just64helpin (talk) 02:01, 29 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Don't you mean Notability is not solely based on the number of views? How are Youtube view counts any different than radio airplay charts, in terms of gauging the exposure of media? O0drogue0o (talk) 10:16, 12 October 2008 (UTC)

The changes I made to the article which included a short alterations and additons in regards to the Daft Hands YouTube video was reverted. I originally had planned on removing the mentioning of the video as I thought it lacked notability. After further research I found the video to be quite notable and elaborated on the details of why it was. I found the information to be both interesting and informative. The popularity of media is often defined by its number of hits/sales; ex. hit singles, movie sales, internet websites. The fact the video has close to 26 million hits made it an encyclopedic fact that would not hurt the article in the slightest.

If the revert was not about the information but lightly dismissed as a IP vandalism, one should assume good faith. Wikipedia is an open wiki which allows its editors the right to remain anonymous yet still constructively contribute to the Wikipedia. If you wish to dispute the changes I have made, please make your argument here rather than revert them on site. 205.200.64.158 (talk) 21:34, 19 November 2008 (UTC)
 * The problem with posting a number of views is that it is subject to rapid change. A general statement about the video's ranking would be more stable, not to mention cleaner-looking. just64helpin (talk) 21:49, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

Not to post every fan-made video of this song, but there is fairly high-quality fan-made video at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTE9JShUpiI that makes for a good alternate 'unofficial' video of this song. This version I'm linking might be a repost on youtube (I can't find the original post), so it doesn't have a very high view count. Dlsimon (talk) 19:14, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Structure
The structure section has more to do with the structure of sampled songs than the structure of the actual song. It doesnt even mention that the song only has 20 words that eventually all come together as a sentence. Kind of important for it is not a usual song structure. Sallyboy44 (talk) 22:08, 17 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Well, since Wikipedia is not the place for original research, some sources would have to be cited. However, it seems that the majority of source material available focuses on the use of the Edwin Birdsong sample. just64helpin (talk) 22:22, 17 July 2010 (UTC)

Derezzed Single
Derezzed was released as a promotional single and need to be included in the chronology of singles. It is their latest release to this date Kaigenji (talk) 22:05, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger


text:
Deathmate

Deathmate is a six-part comic book crossover between Valiant Comics and Image Comics published in 1993–94. The series is remembered for its negative impact on comic book retailers and the industry as a whole due to its late, over-ordered but poorly-selling books.

Comics historian Jason Sacks described it as the first major comic universe crossover since the Marvel Comics / DC Comics crossover The Uncanny X-Men and The New Teen Titans was published in 1982.

The plot revolved around a chance interdimensional meeting of two characters, Solar from Valiant and Void from Image's WildC.A.T.s. The two became lovers, but their joining would mean the destruction of both the Image Universe and Valiant Universe.

Background
The project was the result of a series of conversations Image Comics co-founder Jim Lee and then Valiant Comics publisher Steve Massarsky and Vice President of Marketing Jon Hartz had in 1992 over the possibility of a crossover. In late 1992, Lee, Image Comics co-founder Rob Liefeld, Massarsky, and Hartz met in Kansas City and agreed that each company would create two issues of the crossover, and jointly provide personnel to create the two book-end issues, Deathmate Prologue and Deathmate Epilogue. In a retrospective interview on the rise and fall of Valiant, former editor-in-chief Bob Layton claimed he was not consulted on the project. "Deathmate was thrust upon us because (Steve) Massarsky and Jim Lee were best buddies at the time and had privately arranged the crossover," Layton said.

The four main issues were designated by color rather than issue numbers (namely Yellow, Blue, Black, and Red), so they could be read in any order to accommodate any publishing delays. Created at the peak of the comic book speculator boom, the project was heavily promoted and sold hundreds of thousands of copies, but was beset with production delays on the Image Comics side. To ensure the prologue shipped on time, Layton said he had to fly to Los Angeles and literally sit on Liefeld's doorstep until Liefeld finished his penciled art for the Deathmate Prologue. Layton inked the artwork himself in an Anaheim hotel room. The Yellow and Blue issues, produced by Valiant, shipped on time in July and early August respectively. Black, produced by Lee's studio, was solicited for late summer but didn't ship until October. Red, produced by Liefeld's studio, shipped in December, four months late, and after Deathmate Epilogue.

Only half of the six Image partners chose to participate. Erik Larsen, Jim Valentino, and Todd McFarlane were not involved, although McFarlane's character Al Simmons makes a brief appearance in Deathmate Red.

Plot synopsis
In a world that had been long since become a terrible place, Solar reluctantly granted the wish of his lifelong companion, Gayle Nordheim to dissipate the lifegiving energy that had kept her alive and young for so long. So unable to contain his grief by her passing, Solar was literally split in two. The remaining Solar vanished into a life of seclusion while the new persona went off to find other planes of reality to explore.

There, in a dimension between what is real and unreal, he encountered a creature of incredible power, a woman from a distant universe, Void. The two fell in love, a love that wound end all time literally. Upon consummating, their combined energies fused, unwarping the fabric of time, spiraling backwards and eating away at their distinct timelines. In an instant, things were not as they should be: heroes fought alongside those who had been their enemies in a different world; great men who would bring justice to the world died horrible, untimely deaths. Only men with the gift of foresight, Geoff McHenry and Prophet, knew that all was not as it should be. Where they had seen a future so clearly before, there was now nothing.

Geoff and Prophet are resolved to gather the heroes of this amalgamated universe together to fight the battle to save all time.

Aftermath
Deathmate had a negative impact on retailers that heavily ordered the series only to find that fans lost interest by the time the books shipped. Each of the four main titles carried a cover price of $4.95, which was more than the average comic book at the time. As a result, retailers had an unusually large amount of cash flow tied up in the titles that they could not recoup until the books hit the shelves.

Deathmate Red shipped so late that Diamond Distributors canceled the original solicitation and gave retailers a chance to slash their orders. The Valiant-produced Deathmate books (Prologue, Blue, and Yellow) had print runs of over 700,000 copies, but by the time Deathmate Red was released, it had a print run of 250,000, although retailers were nonetheless left with many unsold copies. At the time, comic book distributors would only allow unsold books to be returned if they were six months late. Retailers dealt constantly with late books from Image, which indirectly caused some comic book shops to close. Partially due to the lateness of Image publications, the window was eventually decreased to two months.

"Many consider Deathmate the comic book that singlehandedly put an end to the industry's prosperous times and the biggest reason why so many comic book stores closed its doors for good," comics historian Jason Sacks wrote. "In truth, there was plenty of blame to go around."

In a retrospective interview on the rise and fall of Valiant, former editor-in-chief Bob Layton called the project an "unmitigated disaster." "Not necessarily in the numbers, but in the consequences of their release...I think that Deathmate sounded the beginning of the problems, and when Image couldn't get their side of the cross-over out on time, it hurt everyone," he said.

Trading cards
As a cross-promotion, two trading card companies also did a cross-over, Upper Deck and Topps. Upper Deck produced the Valiant cards featuring only characters and art from their corresponding titles. The Topps set would be based on the Deathmate Red and Black issues and would include artwork from Rob Liefeld and Jim Lee. This set was to be 90 cards in total and would feature two types of chase cards: A prismatic laminate covering called "Deathmatrix" and a chromium covering entitled "Deathchrome". However, because of the deadline problems with Image Comics, Topps ended up backing out of the contract. Upper Deck’s Valiant Deathmate cards did not fare well on the market.

Titles
Preview Issues

Green sold with Comic Defense comic bags or Advance Comics magazine

Same story and cover, but with the logo of the sponsor in the corner

Story: Solar and Prophet battle Erica Pierce

Orange and Pink

sold with Previews magazine

Same story, but different covers

Story: Archer chases Shadowman while Grifter chases Archer

Books from Valiant

"A Love to End All Time"
 * Deathmate Prologue

Story: Bob Layton

Pencils: Barry Windsor-Smith

Inks: Jim Lee

"Universal Truth"

Story: Bob Layton

Pencils: Rob Liefeld

Inks: Bob Layton with Danny Miki and Dan Panosian

"Jerked Through Time" (featuring characters from Archer & Armstrong and WildC.A.T.s)
 * Deathmate Yellow

Story: Mike Baron

Pencils: Bernard Chang

Inks: Rodney Ramos

"Cat and Mouse" (featuring characters from Ninjak and WildC.A.T.s)

Story: Jorge Gonzalez.

Pencils: Don Perlin

Inks: Mike Manley

"The Dying Game" (featuring characters from H.A.R.D. Corps and WildC.A.T.s)

Story: David Michelinie and Bob Layton

Pencils: Mike Leeke

Inks: Tom Ryder

"Revelations and Recruitments" (featuring characters from Shadowman and WildC.A.T.s)

Story: Bob Hall

Pencils: Mark Moretti

Inks: John Dixon

"Battlestone vs. Magnus Outlaw!" (featuring characters from Brigade and Magnus: Robot Fighter)
 * Deathmate Blue

Story: John Ostrander

Pencils: Jim Calafiore

Inks: Ralph Reese

"Secret Forces" (featuring characters from Secret Weapons and Cyberforce)

Story: Joe St. Pierre

Pencils: Sean Chen

Inks: Kathryn Bolinger

"Sacrifices" (featuring characters from Harbinger, Brigade, and Cyberforce)

Story: Maurice Fontenot

Pencils: Howard Simpson

Inker: Gonzalo Mayo

"Supremely Darque" (featuring characters from Solar and Supreme)

Story: Kevin VanHook

Pencils: Peter Grau

Inker: Jimmy Palmiotti

Books from Image Story: Brandon Choi and Eric Silvestri
 * Deathmate Black (featuring characters from Gen13, WildC.A.T.s, Turok: Dinosaur Hunter, Cyberforce, and X-O Manowar)

Pencils: Brandon Peterson, Brett Booth, Marc Silvestri, J. Scott Campbell (as Jeffrey Scott), Scott Clark, Greg Capullo, Jim Lee, and Whilce Portacio

Inks: Scott Williams, Sal Regla, Alex Garner, and Trevor Scott

Story and Pencils: Rob Liefeld
 * Deathmate Red (featuring characters from Youngblood, Bloodshot and Eternal Warrior)

Script: Eric Stephenson

Additional pencils: Jeff Matsuda, Rich Horie, Dan Fraga, Cedric Nocon, Dan Pacella, Anthony Winn, Marat Mychaels

Inks: Danny Miki, Jon Sibal, Marlo Alquiza

Story: Bob Layton
 * Deathmate Epilogue

Pencils: Marc Silvestri and Joe Quesada

Inks: Bob Layton and Scott Williams

Collected issues
As of now the issues of the crossover have yet to be collected. This is likely due to the (often confusing) truth of the involved characters being owned, licensed, and printed by a large number of separate publishers. The respective owners and publishers consist of Gold Key Comics, Image Comics, Valiant Comics, Wildstorm Comics, DC Comics, Dynamite Comics, and Dark Horse Comics.

title: Deathmate


text:
User:Monpirri

Wikipedia rocks!!!

title: User:Monpirri


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/KaDee Strickland/archive1

KaDee Strickland
I've been working away at this article in its corner of Wikipedia over the past couple of months, and have included information on the actress's roles in the films she has been in, quotes from critics reviewing her work as well from as the actress herself, and images that relate to the accompanying sections in the article. However, nobody else has touched the article (apart from minor edits), and I would really appreciate the opinions of people here on what they think of the article in the state it is in now, and what they think could be done to improve it. Thank you in advance. Extraordinary Machine 03:26, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The references seem a bit extreme; e.g. it is unlikely that a review of The Sixth Sense really has much to say about her role as Visitor #5. You might want to prune that list to highlight the works that actually served as major sources for the article text. Christopher Parham (talk) 06:41, 2005 August 24 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your comments. I wanted to make sure every statement in the article was supported by a reference, especially weasel terms such as saying that The Sixth Sense got good reviews and Anacondas was panned by critics. According to WP:NPOV and WP:AWT, statements like those should only be used if they are backed up by a source, which they are. Since there hasn't been a great deal written about this actress yet (at least in one place), I obtained the information that I used in the article from many different places. Once again, thank you. Extraordinary Machine 13:49, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I would appreciate any further comments from anybody regarding the state of the article and how it could be improved. Thanks in advance. Extraordinary Machine 17:09, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm about to nominate the article at WP:FAC, so I'm archiving this request. Extraordinary Machine 02:06, 30 August 2005 (UTC)


text:
Eugen Huber

Eugen Huber (July 31, 1849 – April 23, 1923) was a Swiss jurist and the creator of the Swiss Civil code of 1907.

Biography
Huber was born in Swiss Canton of Zürich on July 31, 1849. His father was a physician. At the University of Zürich, Huber studied jurisprudence, where he received a doctorate in 1872 with a thesis on "The Swiss law of inheritance in its development since the separation of the Old Swiss Confederacy from the Holy Roman Empire." In 1875, he was a correspondent for a newspaper in Zürich until he replaced a judge in Appenzell from 1877 until 1880. In 1880, he became a professor of Swiss civil and federal law at the University of Basel and later, in 1888, he became a professor at Halle University in Halle and Wittenberg, where he taught legal history, private and commercial law, public land law as well as canon law and philosophy of law.

During this time, he began to write an extensive treatise on the private laws of the cantons, which was published in four volumes. In 1892, he was asked by the Swiss government to draft the Swiss civil code (Zivilgesetzbuch), which he completed in 1904. It was enacted in 1907 and entered into force in 1912. The Zivilgesetzbuch was applauded for being clear and modern, and it was later adopted in Turkey.

Huber was also a member of the Law Sources Commission of the Swiss Lawyers Society, which prepared the edition of the Collection of Swiss Law Sources.

After 1908, he was one foreign correspondent of the first comparative law journal in the U.S., the Annual Bulletin of the Comparative Law Bureau of the American Bar Association.

Huber died in Bern on April 23, 1923, aged 73.

title: Eugen Huber