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Blind Ambition (Family Guy)

"Blind Ambition" is the third episode of the fourth season of the American animated sitcom Family Guy. It was first broadcast on Fox in the United States on May 15, 2005. In the episode, Peter swallows an excessive number of nickels, causing him to become blind. He later becomes a hero after unwittingly saving Horace the bartender from a fire at his bar, The Drunken Clam, and then regains his sight. Meanwhile, Quagmire is forced to refrain from perverse sexual behavior or risk being driven out of the neighborhood following his arrest for spying on Lois in a ladies' lavatory.

Plot
At the bowling alley, Mort Goldman bowls a perfect game and becomes an overnight celebrity. Lois arrives to pick Peter up from the bowling alley, but discovers Quagmire spying on her from the ceiling of the ladies' toilet. Quagmire is arrested, but released shortly after by Joe. On his return, Lois, Bonnie and Loretta reveal that they are petitioning the city of Quahog to have Quagmire removed from their neighborhood. As Peter and the other guys are defending Quagmire, Ernie the Giant Chicken ambushes Peter and starts a fight that causes huge casualties inside and outside of Quahog. After the fight, Peter returns to the neighborhood to resume the conversation and tells the women that "Quagmire's a good guy, he's just a little mixed up, that's all!" Eventually, the women agree to let Quagmire stay in the neighborhood so long as he manages to control his perverse behavior or else he would be kicked out of the neighborhood. Quagmire's taught self-control through operant conditioning by Peter and his friends, and is eventually allowed out in public. Soon, however, he is distracted by three cheerleaders playing in a fountain in the shopping mall and panics, running into a CCTV camera operation room monitoring women's changing rooms. Discovering that an attractive blonde lady in a fitting room is having a heart attack, he appears to rush to her aid, performing CPR and saving her life. Quagmire is congratulated for his heroism, but his intention had been to molest the woman while she was unconscious (which he reveals by asking "What the hell is CPR?").

This upsets Peter, who is disappointed to notice that he is the one amongst his friends who hasn't been successful. In the hope of becoming famous, Peter attempts to set a world record for eating the largest number of nickels, but develops nickel poisoning and loses his vision. Attempting to drown his sorrows, Peter visits his local bar, The Drunken Clam, with his guide dog, unaware that the bar is on fire (caused by God trying to impress a woman). Discovering the bartender Horace trapped under debris, Peter saves his life and is proclaimed a hero by local newsman Tom Tucker. When told that he saved Horace from a burning building, Peter replies with disbelief, "That freakin' place was on fire?!" For his inadvertent bravery, Peter is awarded a medal by the mayor and receives an eye transplant, the replacement eyes coming from a homeless man dragged to death when Peter accidentally tied his guide dog's leash around the man's neck, thinking he was a parking meter. The end of this episode is an unconnected parody of the closing scene from Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope.

Production
During Family Guy's third season, the show was cancelled by its network. In preparation in case the show was revived and began broadcasting again, five short scripts were written in 2001 for future episodes. Blind Ambition was developed from one of those scripts. A number of scenes in the episode were removed before broadcast and one, the reappearance of Ernie the Giant Chicken, had originally been set to broadcast in "The Cleveland–Loretta Quagmire". The scene was moved to this episode because "The Cleveland-Loretta Quagmire" already contained a lengthy fight sequence and overran its time allowance. Several of the removed scenes focused on gags showing Peter and his friends attempting to rehabilitate Quagmire, one of which saw Brian Griffin transporting a fork-lift truck load of porn magazines away from Quagmire's house. Since the episode aired, a selection of action figures have been created of Peter acting as Gary, The No Trash Cougar.

Show producer David Goodman received many telephone calls complaining about the scene where Peter attempts to seduce his son Chris, mistakenly believing him to be his wife, Lois. The scene was believed by some viewers to be encouraging child molestation. The show also received at least one letter of complaint regarding the scene where Quagmire watches Lois going to the toilet; screenwriter Chris Sheridan comments on the DVD commentary that the number of complaints about this scene exceeded one. It is prohibited on Fox to use the term 'Jesus Christ' without actually referring to the person himself, and so in the scene in which God vaporises a person and exclaims "Jesus Christ", it was necessary for Jesus to physically appear before the two run away in order for the scene to be suitable for television airing.

In addition to the regular cast, actor Gary Cole, actress Gina Gershon, actor Judd Hirsch, voice actress Rachael MacFarlane and actress Lisa Wilhoit guest starred in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors Lori Alan, actor John G. Brennan, writer Danny Smith, and actress Jennifer Tilly made minor appearances.

Cultural references

 * Stewie discovers the Keebler Elves after crashing into the tree, who plan to kill their competition: Snap, Crackle and Pop, with the help of Judd Hirsch's nuclear weapon, which Peter views while peeking through a ball return at the bowling alley. Later on in the bar, Crackle and Pop are seen discussing an attack by the Keebler Elves which apparently resulted in Snap's death.
 * Beforehand, a ship crashes through Quahog buildings, a reference to Speed 2: Cruise Control.
 * In one cutaway scene, W. Frederick Gerhardt's Cycleplane crashing is parodied.
 * Peter discusses Scrubs with Horace in the bar, a show for which both Neil Goldman and Garrett Donovan have written.
 * In another cutaway scene, Peter recalls living at Superman's Fortress of Solitude with Superman, Wonder Woman, Batman and Aquaman, being annoyed that they have run out of Mr. PiBB and Cheez-Its.
 * The entire scene in which Peter receives his award from Mayor West is a reenactment of the ending of the original 1977 Star Wars film, A New Hope; Lucasfilm permitted the reproduction of the characters, music and sounds.
 * The airplane that defeats Ernie the Giant Chicken in the fight is a mirror reference to the climactic scene in Raiders of the Lost Ark.
 * Stewie being launched into a tree is a reference to The Brady Bunch.
 * In the scene where the Griffins are in the car and Peter tells them he is setting a world record, he points out two guys morbidly obese guys riding motorbikes nearby. This is a reference to real life pro wrestlers, Billy and Benny McCrary, known professionally as The McGuire Twins, who legitimately hold the Guinness World Record for heaviest twins, weighing in at 723 and 745 pounds respectively, or 1,468 pounds combined.

Reception
PopMatters' Kevin Wong gave the episode a positive review, feeling it was better than the two previous episodes of the season. He commented on the fight scene between Peter and Ernie the Giant Chicken as "a cartoon action sequence to end all cartoon action sequences: vehicles explode and limbs flail as Peter and the chicken beat each other senseless." "Blind Ambition" was criticized by Mike Drucker of IGN, who found that "the long fight with the chicken in Blind Ambition was funny once before, but borderline tiring here". However, Drucker also noted that the Star Wars ending was "one of my favorite jokes in the series".

title: Blind Ambition (Family Guy)


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A Lovely Day Tomorrow

"A Lovely Day Tomorrow" is a 2004 single by British Sea Power, only released to shops in the Czech Republic but available at certain shows and via mail order in the United Kingdom. It is a re-recording of an early B-side by the band (from the "Remember Me" single).

The B-side "Zítra Bude Krásný Den" is a version of the song translated into Czech. Both versions of the song feature lead vocals by Kateřina Winterová of Ecstasy of Saint Theresa. Whilst the original plan had been to teach original vocalist, Hamilton, the Czech lyrics it was thought to be easier to recruit someone else. The song deals with the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich by two Czechoslovak agents during World War II. To celebrate the entry of Czech Republic into the European Union it was decided to put out this release as a limited edition of 1,942 copies (the year the operation took place). The two bands also played special shows at Prague's club Roxy and London's Cargo club, and BSP gained a sponsorship deal with Budvar beer.

"Fakir" is not a traditional Czech song - it is rather unknown to Czech listeners. It was written and performed in the 1940s by the Czech hitmakers of the swing era - R.A. Dvorsky and his Melody Boys. The song was recommended to BSP by Jan P. Muchow, the guitarist of Ecstasy of Saint Theresa.

CD (RTRADSCD179)

 * 1) "A Lovely Day Tomorrow" (Hamilton/BSP) – 5:01
 * 2) "Zítra Bude Krásný Den" (Hamilton/BSP) – 5:01
 * 3) "Fakir" (Svojík/Fořt - traditional folk song) – 3:0

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: A Lovely Day Tomorrow


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Jenny Raskin

Jennifer Raskin (November 24, 1969) is a film and television producer and director.

Raskin produced episodes of "Dogtown," "Independent Lens," "Making Grace," "Critical Hour" and "Lifeline" She also co-directed, with Liz Mermin, the controversial film On Hostile Ground which was about the abortion debate.

She lives in New York, is married and has two children. Raskin is the granddaughter of the portrait artist Peter S. Pezzati.

Awards and honors

 * 2021: One of the producers for Nuclear Family documentary which was nominated for a 2021 Peabody Award.

title: Jenny Raskin


text:
File:Atmo Player house.png

Screenshot of Adobe Atmosphere 1.0 Player (Build 216), displaying a house. The Player is running as a plugin within Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 SP2 under full screen mode. The house is from, included with Atmosphere as an example object. It was published as an  world. In front of the house is the default "blue guy" avatar included with Atmosphere. (The "Gravity," "Collision," and "Show My Avatar" options have been selected.) This screenshot was captured using the print screen key, then saved as a PNG image with Paint.NET.

Licensing
vi:Hình:Atmo Player nhà.png

title: File:Atmo Player house.png


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JoBoxers

JoBoxers are a British new wave group formed in 1982 when former Subway Sect members Rob Marche (guitarist), Dave Collard (keyboardist), Chris Bostock (bassist), and Sean McLusky (drummer) teamed up with England-based American singer Dig Wayne (born Timothy Wayne Ball, 20 July 1958, Cambridge, Ohio). Wayne, under the name Buzz Wayne, had previously fronted the New York–based rockabilly band Buzz and the Flyers.

Career
The band's debut single, "Boxerbeat", peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart while the group were the opening act on the Madness Rise and Fall tour. At numbers one and two at the time were David Bowie's "Let's Dance" and Duran Duran's "Is There Something I Should Know?", respectively.

However, it was their next hit, "Just Got Lucky", that broke the band internationally. This single sold over 250,000 copies, made the UK top 10, and cracked the US top 40, reaching number 36 during November 1983. The song has been featured in a number of films including Just My Luck and The 40-Year-Old Virgin.

The third UK hit, "Johnny Friendly", is a homage to the Marlon Brando film On the Waterfront. British boxer Frank Bruno appeared in the promotional video for the song.

"Jealous Love"/"She's Got Sex" was released as a double A-side. "Jealous Love" was performed on the UK TV show Loose Talk introduced by the actress Diana Dors in one of her last TV appearances, while "She's Got Sex" was covered on Samantha Fox's double platinum-selling album Touch Me (as "He's Got Sex").

JoBoxers' debut album, Like Gangbusters, featuring all of the abovementioned hits, reached the top 20 of the UK Albums Chart.

The band released another single, "Is This Really the First Time", and a second album Skin and Bone in 1985, but then split up during the making of a third album, with Sean McLusky joining Rob Marche in the indie-dance band called If? and Chris Bostock joining David A. Stewart to form his post-Eurythmics group, the Spiritual Cowboys achieving two gold albums in France.

Meanwhile, Dig Wayne remained in London and briefly attempted a solo career, releasing the album Square Business in 1987, featuring fellow former JoBoxer Dave Collard on keyboards. One single, "Mastermind" was released from this album. After his solo efforts proved unsuccessful, Wayne began pursuing an acting career. He appeared in several stage productions (including a starring role in the successful West End musical Five Guys Named Moe) in the UK. In 1995, he returned to the US, settling in Los Angeles, California, to continue pursuing his acting/television career.

In November 2020, they announced a reunion show at London's 100 club, after 35 years of inactivity. Other dates in Brighton, Leeds, Guildford and Bristol were also added, plus some festivals. The dates went ahead in summer 2022.

Later activities
Chris Bostock performed bass on the Style Council's debut album Cafe Bleu, Spear of Destiny's The Price You Pay album and tour, Sandie Shaw tours with Sean McLusky and Rob Marche, the Shakespears Sister single and album track  "Goodbye Cruel World" and produced albums for EMI and BMG. Bostock currently records and tours as a member of Subway Sect.

Rob Marche went on to form Earl Brutus in 1993.

In 2012, JoBoxers' debut album, Like Gangbusters, was re-released.

Wayne returned to his music roots and fronts the band Dig Wayne and the Chisellers. Also a guitarist and drummer, Wayne has toured both America and Europe with his band. Wayne also appeared in the sixth episode of season 8 of CSI, "Who and What", playing a pawn shop owner.

Dave Collard joined The The and performed on Mind Bomb (1989) and Dusk (1993) as well as in 'The The Versus The World' world tour. Following Matt Johnson's decision to re-form the band and tour in 2019, Dave (or "DC") Collard toured globally with the The, opening three nights in London (the Royal Albert Hall, Brixton Academy and then Troxy) and finishing the world tour in Australia, playing two nights in the main auditorium at the Sydney Opera House followed immediately by another two nights at the Arts Centre Melbourne. Under the name DC Collard, he continues to write and record.

Song connections

 * "Just Got Lucky" was featured in the films The 40-Year-Old Virgin, starring Steve Carell, and Just My Luck starring Lindsay Lohan.

Compilation albums

 * Doing the Boxerbeat – The Anthology (Sanctuary, 2003)
 * Essential Boxerbeat (Sony BMG, 2006, Cooking Vinyl, 2022) (originally released in 1996)

title: JoBoxers


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Talk:Peterson

--Ole-p 22:24, 19 August 2005 (UTC) Removed this:

Seemed useless.

title: Talk:Peterson


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Talk:Diplomatic rank

Chargé d'Affaires
A Chargé d'Affairs should be differentiated from a Chargé d'Affaires, ad interim. 'Ad interim' would of course denote in the absence of a regular ambassador or other permanent chief of mission.

Proconsul
What about pussy? I heard this was a rank somewhere. --Sobolewski 21:00, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

In the Roman Empire; it was administrative, not diplomatic. See the article. J S Ayer 01:43, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

Meaning of "Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary"?
How did it appear? Is it used now? What does it mean? Can an ambassador be either extraordinary or plenipotentiary only? Samnikal 03:24, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

The term "extraordinary" has no real meaning. Years ago it was given only to nonresident ambassadors on temporary missions and was used to distinguish them from regular resident ambassadors. The latter resented others having this appellation, as it seemed to imply a lesser position for themselves. Eventually therefore, it was accorded to them as well. "Plenipotentiary" also comes down through the years. Today it simply means possessed of full power to do an ambassador’s normal job. 195.218.15.27 (talk) 09:00, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

Ordering of Sections
Is there any reason that the modern explanation of rank should not be at the top, with the historical ones relegated below? I know many references are to the historical versions, but the article should be about the most current explanation of the term. Sarcasmboy 12:12, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

Grammar Convention
The United States does. The United States do not do. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 136.167.130.245 (talk) 18:08, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

They (and I do mean they) did until sometime after their civil war. Prior to that, they were spoken of as plural by their own citizens; they are a federation of separate states, after all. 64.60.100.162 (talk) 01:35, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

Nuncio
The Holy See appoints Nuncios where the British Commonwealth countries appoint High Commissioners and everybody else appoints Ambassadors. Shouldn't this fact be mentioned in the article? I don't find the word nuncio anywhere in it. Tom129.93.17.195 (talk) 01:18, 10 July 2009 (UTC)

Has this [position] changed? or what?
The third-to-last bullet under "Diplomatic_rank" starts out by saying "The Secretary-General of the United Nations personally mandates special envoys for a particular field, including:"and then there are 5 sub-bullets under that, listing various UN positions, and the last one of those is"United Nations Special Envoy for Refugees"

However, now I am wondering if that (that last sub-bullet entry) is old (obsolete) information. I have recently seen the phrase "'Special Envoy of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees'" ...which suggests that, either

 * 1) The "United Nations Special Envoy for Refugees" is different from the "Special Envoy of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees" -- which only makes sense if one's goal were to make it pointlessly difficult to figure out this stuff; or else, (more likely),  that
 * 2) the position [formerly] called the "United Nations Special Envoy for Refugees" -- (and which used to be "personally mandated" by the Secretary-General of the United Nations) -- has changed, and is now called the "Special Envoy of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees" ... which sounds like it means that the title is NOT for a "Special Envoy of the Secretary-General" ("personally mandated by the Secretary-General") ... but instead, is for a position that is mandated by or "via" someone else ("someone else" being the "UN High Commissioner for Refugees").

But, if "2." is true, then that last sub-bullet is wrong (/slash "misleading"), because being mandated "by" or "via" some other person is different -- (isn't it?) -- from being mandated "personally" by the Secretary-General.

((Source: this specific version (the "15:01, 9 August 2016" version) (last edited by 49.224.239.186 (talk)) of the article ["Diplomatic_rank"].))

Any comments?

--Mike Schwartz (talk) 21:32, 23 September 2016 (UTC)

Accredited?
Blymey. This article starts and continues to confuse dopes like me. HELP!Longinus876 (talk) 13:21, 29 March 2017 (UTC)

Australia
Just added two of these for Australia. The new Prime Minister has created two "special envoys" positions. Ive added links to media reporting this. Timeoin (talk) 05:54, 27 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Diplomatic rank


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Jim Slater (accountant)

James Derrick Slater (13 March 1929 – 18 November 2015) was a British accountant, investor and business writer. Slater rose to prominence in the 1970s as a businessman and financier, who was the founding Chairman of Slater Walker, an investment bank and conglomerate which collapsed in the secondary banking crisis of 1973–75.

Early career
Born in 1929 in Heswall – at that time in Cheshire – Slater qualified as a chartered accountant aged 24, and joined the Dohm Group. Quickly promoted, he became a general manager, reorganising all the company's small industrial holdings into one company within the group. After leaving Dohm, he was appointed secretary and chief accountant of Park Royal Vehicles, a wholly owned subsidiary of ACV Group. He was then made commercial director of its subsidiary AEC. After Leyland Motors took over ACV, Slater was later promoted to deputy sales director under Donald Stokes.

Initial investments
Whilst working for AEC as a director, Slater fell ill and during his recovery became interested in investing, and developed a system for picking stocks which would much later form the basis of his book The Zulu Principle (1992). He then approached his friend Nigel Lawson, at that time the City Editor of The Sunday Telegraph, and was hired to write an investment column under the pseudonym 'Capitalist'. Over the following two years, Capitalist's ghost portfolio appreciated by 68.9%, against the London Stock Market's average of 3.6%.

Slater Walker
In 1964, Slater acquired control of H Lotery & Co Ltd, a £1.5m public company; he and his business partner Peter Walker – a Conservative MP – renamed it Slater Walker Securities. The company performed what became known as corporate raids on public, mainly industrial, companies, in which Slater would sell off under-performing assets to improve efficiency. Slater commented, "we are money makers, not thing makers".

This saw the company growing into a group capitalized at over £200 million, through which Slater became a friend and business associate of James Goldsmith. Slater Walker then changed strategy, from a corporate-conglomerate into what eventually was recognised as an unauthorised and unlicensed international investment bank, through gradual disposal of its industrial interests. This has led to Slater being revered in some circles as a "merger lord", but criticised in others as an "asset stripper".

During the secondary banking crisis in 1975, Slater Walker faced financial difficulties and received support from the Bank of England. Slater resigned as chairman in October 1975 due to extradition attempts from the government of Singapore for the alleged misuse of more than £4 million of company funds in share deals. The Singapore government's attempt to extradite Slater (in which it was represented by Derry Irvine, assisted by Tony Blair and Cherie Booth ) was dismissed by the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate at Horseferry Road Magistrates' Court in 1977. In separate proceedings, following the takeover of the company by the Bank of England, a prosecution was brought against Slater by the Department of Trade alleging 15 counts of offences under the Companies Act. Slater was found guilty of the Companies Act offences and fined £15 per count. However, the court accepted that the offences were purely technical, that Slater had not acted dishonestly and that there was no question of him having made any personal gain through committing them.

After the collapse of Slater Walker, and while being technically but not legally bankrupt, Slater invested his residual funds and repaid his personal creditors within a few years, with interest.

In 1976, Slater had formed a 50:50 venture with Tiny Rowland's Lonrho Group, to buy-up undervalued blocks of flats in London. At its peak, the company owned and managed over 1,500 flats. This business model led Slater to form Salar Properties, which through time share leasing of salmon fishing rights on seven of Scotland's rivers, including the Lower Redgorton beat on the River Tay, by the 1980s had become the largest Scottish fishing venture.

Slater then acted as mentor to business partner Ian Watson, through which Watson founded Centennial Minerals in 1982. It owned a major share in the Montana Tunnels gold mine, and was sold to Pegasus Gold at a substantial profit three years later. The pair formed Galahad Gold in 2002, successfully timing the commodities boom to make annualised 66% profits from gold exploration before winding the company down in 2007 and starting a new joint-venture, Agrifirma, this time investing in Brazilian agricultural farmland.

By 2009, Slater was chairman of BioProjects International PLC, deputy chairman and finance director of Galahad Gold, and investment director of Agrifirma.

Author
Slater's autobiography sets out his early plans and visions regarding company acquisitions, and describes the processes he employed to bring them about. Once companies came under his control his strategy was to maximise the return on those of their assets that he judged disposable—be they property, plant or workforce. These tactics proved to be highly successful and profitable in the short-term, such that "Slater Walker" became a byword for a particularly forceful and financially rewarding form of capitalism.

The acquisition and disposal of company assets in this manner became known as "asset stripping", a phrase term that carries with it connotations of hardship and distress associated with the human costs of unemployment. Some years later, Slater acknowledged the drawbacks that were inherent in the practices he adopted, towards the end of an interview with Hunter Davies in The Independent published on 15 December 1992.

Slater was also the author of a book on investment, The Zulu Principle, which focuses on simple techniques for identifying small dynamic growth companies whose shares are at a low price compared to their future prospects. With Hemmington Scott, he devised a monthly company statistical guide, Company REFS, also available as a daily online service, to make the identification of such shares easier for the private investor. Slater authored several other investment books, and had a side career as a children's author, writing the A. Mazing Monsters series.

Media
He was featured in the second episode of The Mayfair Set, a series of documentaries by Adam Curtis.

Personal life
Slater married his wife Helen in 1965. They lived in Surrey and had four children and ten grandchildren.

Slater's hobby was chess. Amongst other sponsorships, he donated $125,000 to help fund the 1972 World Chess Championship between Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky in Reykjavík, Iceland, doubling the total prize fund.

Slater died on 18 November 2015 at the age of 86.

A. Mazing Monsters series

 * The Tricky Troggle
 * Wormball
 * Webfoot
 * The Great Gulper
 * Greeneye
 * The Winkybird
 * Dimmo
 * Bignose
 * Swiggo
 * Snuggly
 * Big Snowy
 * Kleenum
 * Grinno
 * Rainbow
 * Crammus
 * Send For The Gulper

Standalone books

 * How to Become a Millionaire: Make Money While You Sleep ISBN 978-1-58799-152-3
 * Beyond the Zulu Principle: Extraordinary Profits from Growth Shares ISBN 978-1-58799-094-6
 * The Zulu Principle: Making Extraordinary Profits from Ordinary Shares ISBN 978-1-58799-095-3
 * The Armchair Investor: A Do-it-yourself Guide for Amateur Investors ISBN 978-0-7528-0775-1

title: Jim Slater (accountant)


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File:Lovelydaytomorrow.jpg

British Sea Power artwork

Fair use rationale for use in A Lovely Day Tomorrow

 * The image is low resolution.
 * Copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD;
 * No free equivalent is available or could be created that would adequately give the same information.
 * The image does not replace the original market role of the CD.
 * Its use here does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD in any way.
 * The image has previously been published and is freely available elsewhere on the internet.
 * The image meets general Wikipedia content requirements.
 * The image contributes significantly to the article by illustrating the subject of the article.
 * The image is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

title: File:Lovelydaytomorrow.jpg


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User:Slapdoodle

Hey, hey, hey!

title: User:Slapdoodle


text:
Inside Your Heaven

"Inside Your Heaven" is a song written by Andreas Carlsson, Pelle Nylén, Savan Kotecha, and produced by Desmond Child. Carrie Underwood and Bo Bice, the final two contestants on the fourth season of American Idol, each released a version of the song in June 2005.

Underwood, the winner of Idol, released her version as a single on June 14, 2005. It debuted at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 and on the Canadian Singles Chart, where it remained for one and seven weeks, respectively. The other A-side of the single is a cover of the Martina McBride song "Independence Day". Bice's version was released the following week, on June 21, and peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and Canadian Singles Chart. This version's A-side is a cover of the song "Vehicle" by the Ides of March.

The song gave Underwood the Billboard Music Awards for "Top-Selling Country Single of the Year" and "Top-Selling Hot 100 Song of the Year" (Bice's version was also nominated in this category). It also helped Underwood win the award for "Country Single Sales Artist of the Year". Underwood later included "Inside Your Heaven" on the North American edition of her debut studio album, Some Hearts (2005).

Critical reception
Chuck Taylor of Billboard magazine reviewed the two renditions of "Inside Your Heaven" on the June 18, 2005 issue. Calling the overall song "difficult" and "dauntingly shallow," he preferred Bo Bice's more meaningful version over Carrie Underwood's, saying of the latter, "'Inside Your Heaven' leaves [Underwood] little room but to shriek across so many octaves that even Celine Dion would leave this song in tatters". Reviewing Underwood's album Some Hearts on AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine labeled "Inside Your Heaven" as the worst song on the album, writing that the country pop formula used throughout the album does not work for this track, calling it "sappy and transparent" with a weak arrangement.

Carrie Underwood version
Underwood's version of "Inside Your Heaven" was released on June 14, 2005. On July 2, 2005, the song debuted atop the US Billboard Hot 100 as the "Hot Shot Debut", interrupting the 14-week reign of Mariah Carey's "We Belong Together" for this issue alone. The following week, the song dropped to number three, and it spent a total of 12 weeks on the listing, making its final appearance at number 98 on September 17, 2005. "Inside Your Heaven" gave Underwood the distinction of becoming the first country musician to debut at number one and the only solo country artist to obtain a number-one single during the 2000s decade. "Inside Your Heaven" also debuted at number one on the Billboard Pop 100 chart, losing the position the following week to Bice's version. The track additionally appeared on the Billboard Adult Contemporary and Hot Country Songs charts, reaching number 12 and number 52, respectively. It was the 71st-best-selling hit and the 23rd-most-successful adult contemporary song of 2005 in the US.

In Canada, the song charted alongside "Independence Day", immediately topping the Canadian Singles Chart and staying there for seven weeks, until August 20, 2005. It spent 35 weeks on the listing. The RIAA awarded the song two Gold certifications: one for shipping over 500,000 physical units in July 2005 and one for selling over 500,000 digital copies in November 2005. Music Canada awarded the single a double-platinum certification, denoting shipments exceeding 20,000 units. As of June 2009, the song has sold 362,000 digital copies and 459,000 physical copies in the US alone.

Bo Bice version
Bice released his rendition of the song of June 21, 2005, a week after Underwood's. In effect, it first appeared on the Billboard Hot 100 the week after Underwood's version had done the same, at number two, on July 9, 2005, becoming that week's "Hot Shot Debut" as well. It quickly fell down the chart afterwards, remaining in the top 100 for seven issues and spending its last week at number 89 on August 20. On the Pop 100, "Inside Your Heaven" succeeded Underwood's version at the top spot on the July 9 issue.

The same day, on the Canadian Singles Chart, Bice's version entered at its peak of number two with "Vehicle". It spent six weeks at that position before losing its place on August 20, going on to log 29 weeks on the ranking. In July, it earned a gold certification from the RIAA for shipping over 500,000 physical copies in the US. Meanwhile, in Canada during the same month, it sold over 10,000 units, allowing it to receive a platinum disc from Music Canada. As of June 2009, Bice's version has shipped over 349,000 physical units and sold over 52,000 digital copies.

Aftermath
Following her win on American Idol, Underwood officially signed with Arista Records and embarked on the American Idols Live! Tour 2005 with the other top-10 finalists of the fourth season, including Bice. She has since become one of the competition's most successful alumni, selling more than 70 million records worldwide, earning numerous awards, and accruing a net worth of $200 million as of May 2020. Bice has since released three albums, founded his own record label, and fronted American band Blood, Sweat and Tears during their tours.

Awards
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | 2005
 * rowspan="3" | Billboard Music Awards
 * Top-Selling Hot 100 Song of the Year
 * rowspan="2" | Carrie Underwood
 * Won
 * Top-Selling Country Single
 * Won
 * Top-Selling Hot 100 Song of the Year
 * Bo Bice
 * Nominated
 * Top-Selling Hot 100 Song of the Year
 * Bo Bice
 * Nominated
 * Nominated

Carrie Underwood version
US CD single
 * 1) "Inside Your Heaven"
 * 2) "Independence Day"

US 7-inch single
 * A. "Inside Your Heaven" (radio version) – 3:26
 * B. "Independence Day" (radio version) – 3:24

Bo Bice version
US CD single
 * 1) "Inside Your Heaven"
 * 2) "Vehicle" (featuring Richie Sambora)

US 7-inch single
 * A. "Inside Your Heaven" – 4:12
 * B. "Vehicle" (featuring Richie Sambora) – 2:49

Credits and personnel
Credits are adapted from the liner notes of the CD singles. Both versions of the song were recorded at The Gentlemen's Club, Capitol Records, The Record Plant, and The Village (Los Angeles, California).

Both versions

 * Andreas Carlsson – writer, background vocals
 * Pelle Nylén – writing
 * Savan Kotecha – piano, writing
 * Desmond Child – production, background vocals
 * Joe Yannece – drums, master
 * Brian Coleman – production management
 * Simon Fuller – management
 * 19 Management – management
 * Michael Segal – photography
 * Harry Sommerdahl – keyboards, programming, arrangement, recording
 * Eric Bazilian – guitar, madolin
 * John Pierce – bass
 * Abe Laboriel Jr. – drums
 * Kim Bullard – organ, strings
 * Storm Lee – vocals
 * Jules Gondar – recording
 * Steve Churchyard – recording
 * Matt Gruber – recording
 * Suren Wijeyaratne – assistant engineering
 * Jimmy Hoyson – assistant engineering
 * Mike Eleopoulos – assistant engineering
 * Noel Zancanella – assistant engineering
 * Carrie Underwood – background vocals
 * Jules Gondar – recording

Carrie Underwood version

 * Carrie Underwood – lead vocals
 * Serban Ghenea – mixing
 * Tim Roberts – drums, assistant mix engineering
 * John Hanes – piano, additional Pro Tools engineering
 * Jeanette Olsson – background vocals
 * Gretchen Peters – strings, writing
 * Randy Cantor – guitar, bass, lap steel guitar, keyboards, programming, recording
 * Jacob Miller – additional vocal production
 * Carlos Alvarez – mixing
 * Bryan Golder – recording
 * Mikal Blue – recording
 * Stephen Crook – recording
 * Clarita Sanchaz – assistant mix engineering

Bo Bice version

 * Bo Bice – lead vocals, background vocals
 * Kevin Mills – piano, assistant mix engineering
 * Greg Collins – mixing
 * John Shanks – background vocals
 * Jim Peterik – bass guitar, writing
 * Corky James – strings
 * Andy Ackland – bass guitar, recording
 * Glenn Pittman – assistant engineering
 * Mike Houge – lead guitar, assistant engineering
 * Ray Herrmann – saxophone
 * Nick Lane – trombone arrangement, horn arrangement
 * Rafael Padilla – percussion
 * Victor Indrizzo – drums
 * Richie Sambora – background vocals, guitar
 * Paul Bushnell – background vocals
 * Jeff Steele – bass

title: Inside Your Heaven


text:
User talk:Vincent Poliquin

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
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Good luck!

Meelar (talk) 22:27, August 19, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vincent Poliquin


text:
Talk:Chargé d'affaires

ad interim
The common (and correct) title of a temporary chief of mission is 'ad interim' and not 'per interim.' Diplomatic notes and cables dispatched when the Ambassador/regular chief of mission is out of country are signed by the Chargé d'Affaires ai.

Comparison to Ambassadors
The statement "Essentially, chargés d’affaires do not differ from ambassadors, envoys or ministers resident" is probably technically correct in diplomatic practice. However, in common reference it always seems that a less-favorable nation's diplomatic envoy is termed 'chargés d’affaires', while those to say France or Belgium are always called ambassadors.

Again, they may be technically the same, but in most journalistic references, I think my observation holds true. I would site Burma as a recent example.

--76.24.83.220 (talk) 14:58, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I think the two definitions: 1) representative of head of government, rather than head of state; and 2) temporary head of mission (instead of Ambassador), cover this well. In the case of Burma, it is probably because the sending state has recalled their ambassador (or not appointed one) to convey displeasure.--Gregalton (talk) 15:37, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

Lower case title
Is there a reason to use lower case title here? --Amir E. Aharoni (talk) 15:50, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

Pronunciation
This needs a guide. – H T  D  17:37, 4 December 2015 (UTC)

Need senatorial confirmation?
Do U.S. charges require senatorial confirmation? If the senate refused to confirm a presidential nominee for an ambassadorship, could the president get around this by simply appointing the failed nominee as charge' on an indefinite basis and refuse to nominate someone else as ambassador? If so, can this be added to the article? Thank you.HistoryBuff14 (talk) 23:14, 10 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chargé d'affaires


text:
Football association

A football association, also known as a football federation, soccer federation, or soccer association, is a governing body for association football. Many of them are members of the sport's regional bodies such as UEFA and CONMEBOL and the world governing body, FIFA. A small number have not yet applied for or been granted entry to these higher bodies. Below is a list of football associations for which there are articles.

Asia
Asian Football Confederation affiliated

 * Afghanistan Football Federation
 * Football Federation Australia
 * Bahrain Football Association
 * Bangladesh Football Federation
 * Bhutan Football Federation
 * Football Association of Brunei Darussalam
 * Myanmar Football Federation
 * Football Federation of Cambodia
 * Chinese Football Association
 * Chinese Taipei Football Association
 * East Timor Football Federation
 * Guam Football Association
 * Hong Kong Football Association
 * All India Football Federation
 * Football Association of Indonesia
 * Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran
 * Iraq Football Association
 * Japan Football Association
 * Jordan Football Association
 * Korea Football Association
 * Kuwait Football Association
 * Football Federation of the Kyrgyz Republic
 * Lao Football Federation
 * Lebanon Football Association
 * Macau Football Association
 * Football Association of Malaysia
 * Football Association of Maldives
 * Mongolian Football Federation
 * All Nepal Football Association
 * DPR Korea Football Association
 * Northern Mariana Islands Football Association
 * Oman Football Association
 * Pakistan Football Federation
 * Palestinian Football Association
 * Philippine Football Federation
 * Qatar Football Association
 * Saudi Arabian Football Federation
 * Football Association of Singapore
 * Football Federation of Sri Lanka
 * Syrian Football Association
 * Tajikistan Football Federation
 * Football Association of Thailand
 * Football Federation of Turkmenistan
 * United Arab Emirates Football Association
 * Uzbekistan Football Federation
 * Vietnam Football Federation
 * Yemen Football Association

Defunct

 * Brunei Football Association

Africa
Confederation of African Football affiliated

 * Algerian Football Federation
 * Angolan Football Federation
 * Benin Football Federation
 * Botswana Football Association
 * Burkinabé Football Federation
 * Football Federation of Burundi
 * Cameroonian Football Federation
 * Cape Verdean Football Federation
 * Central African Football Federation
 * Chadian Football Federation
 * Comoros Football Federation
 * Congolese Football Federation
 * Congolese Association Football Federation
 * Djiboutian Football Federation
 * Egyptian Football Association
 * Equatoguinean Football Federation
 * Eritrean National Football Federation
 * Eswatini Football Association
 * Ethiopian Football Federation
 * Gabonese Football Federation
 * Gambia Football Association
 * Ghana Football Association
 * Guinean Football Federation
 * Football Federation of Guinea-Bissau
 * Ivorian Football Federation
 * Football Kenya Federation
 * Lesotho Football Association
 * Liberia Football Association
 * Libyan Football Federation
 * Malagasy Football Federation
 * Football Association of Malawi
 * Malian Football Federation
 * Football Federation of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania
 * Mauritius Football Association
 * Royal Moroccan Football Federation
 * Mozambican Football Federation
 * Namibia Football Association
 * Nigerien Football Federation
 * Nigeria Football Federation
 * Réunionese Football League
 * Rwandese Association Football Federation
 * São Toméan Football Federation
 * Senegalese Football Federation
 * Seychelles Football Federation
 * Sierra Leone Football Association
 * Somali Football Federation
 * South African Football Association
 * Sudan Football Association
 * South Sudan Football Association
 * Tanzania Football Federation
 * Togolese Football Federation
 * Tunisian Football Federation
 * Federation of Uganda Football Associations
 * Football Association of Zambia
 * Zanzibar Football Association
 * Zimbabwe Football Association

North, Central America and Caribbean
Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football affiliated

North America
North American Football Union

 * Canadian Soccer Association
 * Mexican Football Federation
 * United States Soccer Federation

Central America
Central American Football Union

 * Football Federation of Belize
 * Costa Rican Football Federation
 * Salvadoran Football Association
 * National Football Federation of Guatemala
 * National Autonomous Federation of Football of Honduras
 * Nicaraguan Football Federation
 * Panamanian Football Federation

Caribbean
Caribbean Football Union

 * Anguilla Football Association
 * Antigua and Barbuda Football Association
 * Aruba Football Federation
 * Bahamas Football Association
 * Barbados Football Association
 * Bermuda Football Association
 * Bonaire Football Federation
 * British Virgin Islands Football Association
 * Cayman Islands Football Association
 * Football Association of Cuba
 * Curaçao Football Federation
 * Dominica Football Association
 * Dominican Football Federation
 * Grenada Football Association
 * Guadeloupean League of Football
 * Guyana Football Federation
 * Ligue de Football de la Guyane
 * Haitian Football Federation
 * Jamaica Football Federation
 * Ligue de football de la Martinique
 * Montserrat Football Association
 * Puerto Rican Football Federation
 * St. Kitts and Nevis Football Association
 * Saint Lucia Football Association
 * Football Committee of Saint Martin
 * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Football Federation
 * Sint Maarten Soccer Association
 * Surinamese Football Association
 * Trinidad and Tobago Football Association
 * Turks and Caicos Islands Football Association
 * U.S. Virgin Islands Soccer Federation

Defunct

 * Netherlands Antillean Football Union

South America
South American Football Confederation affiliated

 * Argentine Football Association
 * Bolivian Football Federation
 * Brazilian Football Confederation
 * Chilean Football Federation
 * Colombian Football Federation
 * Ecuadorian Football Federation
 * Paraguayan Football Association
 * Peruvian Football Federation
 * Uruguayan Football Association
 * Venezuelan Football Federation

Oceania
Oceania Football Confederation affiliated

 * Football Federation American Samoa
 * Cook Islands Football Association
 * Fiji Football Association
 * Kiribati Islands Football Association
 * New Caledonian Football Federation
 * New Zealand Football
 * Papua New Guinea Football Association
 * Football Federation Samoa
 * Solomon Islands Football Federation
 * Tahitian Football Federation
 * Tonga Football Association
 * Tuvalu National Football Association
 * Vanuatu Football Federation

Europe
Union of European Football Associations affiliated

 * Albanian Football Association
 * Andorran Football Federation
 * Football Federation of Armenia
 * Austrian Football Association
 * Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan
 * Football Federation of Belarus
 * Royal Belgian Football Association
 * Football Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * Bulgarian Football Union
 * Croatian Football Federation
 * Cyprus Football Association
 * Football Association of the Czech Republic
 * Danish Football Association
 * The Football Association
 * Estonian Football Association
 * Faroe Islands Football Association
 * Football Association of Finland
 * French Football Federation
 * Georgian Football Federation
 * German Football Association
 * Gibraltar Football Association
 * Hellenic Football Federation
 * Hungarian Football Federation
 * Football Association of Iceland
 * Football Association of Ireland
 * Israel Football Association
 * Italian Football Federation
 * Football Federation of Kazakhstan
 * Football Federation of Kosovo
 * Latvian Football Federation
 * Liechtenstein Football Association
 * Lithuanian Football Federation
 * Luxembourg Football Federation
 * Football Federation of Macedonia
 * Malta Football Association
 * Football Association of Moldova
 * Football Association of Montenegro
 * Royal Dutch Football Association
 * Irish Football Association
 * Football Association of Norway
 * Polish Football Association
 * Portuguese Football Federation
 * Romanian Football Federation
 * Russian Football Union
 * San Marino Football Federation
 * Scottish Football Association
 * Football Association of Serbia
 * Slovak Football Association
 * Football Association of Slovenia
 * Royal Spanish Football Federation
 * Swedish Football Association
 * Swiss Football Association
 * Turkish Football Federation
 * Football Federation of Ukraine
 * Football Association of Wales

Defunct

 * Deutscher Fußball-Verband der DDR (East Germany)
 * Saarland Football Association
 * Football Association of Serbia and Montenegro
 * Football Federation of the Soviet Union
 * Football Association of Yugoslavia

title: Football association


text: User talk:69.40.182.76

title: User talk:69.40.182.76


text:
1980 Democratic National Convention

The 1980 Democratic National Convention nominated President Jimmy Carter and Vice President Walter Mondale for reelection. The convention was held in Madison Square Garden in New York City from August 11 to August 14, 1980.

The 1980 convention was notable as it was the last time in the 20th century, for either major party, that a candidate tried to get delegates released from their voting commitments. This was done by Senator Ted Kennedy, Carter's chief rival for the nomination in the Democratic primaries, who sought the votes of delegates held by Carter.

Notable speakers
After losing his challenge for the nomination earlier that day, Ted Kennedy spoke on August 12 and delivered a speech in support of President Jimmy Carter and the Democratic Party. Kennedy's famous speech eventually closed with the lines: "For me, a few hours ago, this campaign came to an end. For all those whose cares have been our concern, the work goes on, the cause endures, the hope still lives, and the dream shall never die." His speech was written by Bob Shrum.

Various prominent delegates to this convention included Abe Beame, Geraldine Ferraro, Bruce Sundlun, Ruth Messinger, Thomas Addison, Ed Koch, Robert Abrams, Bella Abzug, Mario Biaggi, Steve Westly, and Howard Dean.

Voting
Candidates

President
Delegate voting results

Vice president
After Ted Kennedy lost the presidential nomination contest, over 700 of his delegates walked out of the convention, and the rest decided to scatter their votes. It took several roll calls to conclude the ballot.

As of 2020, this is the last time that the Democratic Party has required a roll call for the vice presidential spot.

Vice Presidential tally:

The President's acceptance speech
President Carter gave his speech accepting the party's nomination on August 14. This was notable for his gaffe intended to be a tribute to Hubert Humphrey, whom he referred to as "Hubert Horatio Hornblower".

On November 4, President Carter and Vice President Mondale lost to Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush in the general election, having lost both the popular election by 8,423,115 votes and the Electoral College by 440 votes.

Abortion
In addition to its 1976 stance that merely opposed overturning Roe v. Wade, the 1980 platform for the first time explicitly supported the Roe decision as the law of the land.

title: 1980 Democratic National Convention


text:
Palazzo Strozzi

Palazzo Strozzi is a palace in Florence, Italy.

History
The construction of the palace was begun in 1489 by Benedetto da Maiano, for Filippo Strozzi the Elder, a rival of the Medici who had returned to the city in November 1466 and desired the most magnificent palace to assert his family's continued prominence and, perhaps more important, a political statement of his own status. A great number of other buildings were acquired during the 1470s and demolished to provide enough space for the new construction. Giuliano da Sangallo provided a wood model of the design. Filippo Strozzi died in 1491, long before the construction's completion in 1538. Duke Cosimo I de' Medici confiscated it in the same year, not returning it to the Strozzi family until thirty years later.

The palace faces the historical Via de' Tornabuoni.

Description
Palazzo Strozzi is an example of civil architecture with its rusticated stone, inspired by the Palazzo Medici, but with more harmonious proportions. Unlike the Medici Palace, which was sited on a corner lot, and thus has only two sides, this building, surrounded on all four sides by streets, is a free-standing structure. This introduced a problem new in Renaissance architecture, which, given the newly felt desire for internal symmetry of planning symmetry: how to integrate the cross-axis. The ground plan of Palazzo Strozzi is rigorously symmetrical on its two axes, with clearly differentiated scales of its principal rooms. The palazzo has mullioned paired windows (bifore); the radiating voussoirs of the arches increase in length as they rise to the keystone, a detail that was much copied for arched windows set in rustication in the Renaissance revival. Its dominating cornice is typical of the Florentine palaces of the time.

The palace was left incomplete by Simone del Pollaiolo (il Cronaca), who was in charge of the construction of the palace until 1504. Also by Cronaca is the cortile or central courtyard surrounded by an arcade, inspired by Michelozzo.

Wrought-iron objects known as ferro that adorn the building are famous. Many of these appointments to the building, such as flagpole and torch stands, hitches, lanterns, and sconces decorate the palace exterior and its corners as well as filling functional needs of the day. The ferro on the building were created by an ironsmith, Niccolo Grosso, known as Il Caparra.

The palazzo remained the seat of the Strozzi family until 1937. Great changes were made to the building when the Istituto Nazionale delle Assicurazioni occupied Palazzo Strozzi. The palazzo, granted by the Istituto Nazionale delle Assicurazioni to the Italian State in 1999, is now home to the Institute of Humanist Studies and to the Fondazione Palazzo Strozzi. The Gabinetto G.P. Viesseux and the Renaissance Studies Institute have both also occupied the building since 1940. Today the palace is used for international expositions like fashion shows and other cultural and artistic events, such as "Cézanne in Florence. Two Collectors and the 1910 Exhibition of Impressionism". Here also is the seat of the Istituto Nazionale del Rinascimento and the noted Gabinetto Vieusseux, with the library and reading room.

title: Palazzo Strozzi


text:
The Police Officer Rocco Laurie Intermediate School

The Rocco Laurie Intermediate School refers to New York City Intermediate School 72 in Staten Island, New York. It is a Title I school. It is located at 33 Ferndale Avenue in Heartland Village, Staten Island. Heartland Village is part of New Springville, Staten Island. The school was named after P.O. Rocco Laurie and is across the street from Public School 69.

History
The school opened in 1975 and has served approximately 2000 students annually. It is named after NYPD Police Officer Rocco Laurie who was killed in line-of-duty in Manhattan, along with his partner Greg Foster. Both Laurie and Foster served in the United States Marine Corps during the Vietnam War.

Stanley Katzman was the school's first principal. After his retirement, Peter Maccelarri, a Vietnam War veteran, would administer the school for more than 10 years. There are 4 assistant principals (one from each floor), and the Principal's Office is on the first floor. After more than 20 years, the school was structured in a way where as each floor is divided by the foreign language the student chooses via a formal letter (typically, students are grouped in classes by the foreign language elective they choose).

The school effectively began its ARISTA Junior High School honor services in 2003. Around the same time at the beginning of ARISTA, the famed Bulldog Statue would be built under the administration of Peter Maccelarri.

Now, effective of 2019, the first-floor services all grades, the second services the 6th grade, the third services students of 7th grade, and the fourth floor services the 8th grade. Each floor has its own set of AP's, Deans and guidance counselors. It originally started with equal separation, as in the grades were divided somewhat equally, among each of the floors.

The school would then honor Police Officer Rafael Ramos, as he had worked in the school as security before his shift to being an active police officer. He, and his partner Wenjian Liu were killed on December 20, 2014, in Brooklyn through fatal blows through the head and upper body from a shooter. He will be always remembered.

As of 2018, Jessica Jackson, former principal and teacher of P.S. 69 over Merrymount Street, now holds administration of the school, changing it from the times of Maccelarri's administration.

ARISTA Information
ARISTA, a program developed and administrated by Spanish teacher K. Majersky and Social Studies teacher M. Breslauer, is intended to honor those who are hard-working and academically prosperous through access to more trips than the common 8th grade student and through an initiation ceremony held normally in May or Early June.

Requirements

It is required that you maintain an 90 or above average in all subjected classes, including electives such as Band, Spanish, Chorus, etc. in order to maintain probability to enter such a prosperous and well-known program. Suspension, at least once, will severely limit your chances in entrance of the program, same to bad behavior.

You will also require signatures from teachers and proper, administrative staff, and actions that are deemed helpful to your society and your neighborhood, along with proof of said action through signature.

Trivia

 * In 1982, Principal Stanley Katzman appeared on Late Night with David Letterman.
 * Emma Stone visited the school on June 25, 2012 for the school's involvement in Penny Harvest.


text:
AMD 10h

The AMD Family 10h, or K10, is a microprocessor microarchitecture by AMD based on the K8 microarchitecture. The first third-generation Opteron products for servers were launched on September 10, 2007, with the Phenom processors for desktops following and launching on November 11, 2007 as the immediate successors to the K8 series of processors (Athlon 64, Opteron, 64-bit Sempron).

Nomenclature
It appears that AMD has not used K-nomenclature (which originally stood for "Kryptonite" in the K5 processor ) from the time after the use of the codename K8 for the AMD K8 or Athlon 64 processor family, since no K-nomenclature naming convention beyond K8 has appeared in official AMD documents and press releases after the beginning of 2005.

The name "K8L" was first coined by Charlie Demerjian in 2005, at the time a writer at The Inquirer, and was used by the wider IT community as a convenient shorthand while according to AMD official documents, the processor family was termed "AMD Next Generation Processor Technology".

The microarchitecture has also been referred to as Stars, as the codenames for desktop line of processors was named under stars or constellations (the initial Phenom models being codenamed Agena and Toliman).

In a video interview, Giuseppe Amato confirmed that the codename is K10.

It was revealed, by The Inquirer itself, that the codename "K8L" referred to a low-power version of the K8 family, later named Turion 64, and that K10 was the official codename for the microarchitecture.

AMD refers to it as Family 10h Processors, as it is the successor of the Family 0Fh Processors (codename K8). 10h and 0Fh refer to the main result of the CPUID x86 processor instruction. In hexadecimal numbering, 0Fh (h represents hexadecimal numbering) equals the decimal number 15, and 10h equals decimal 16. (The "K10h" form that sometimes pops up is an improper hybrid of the "K" code and Family identifier number.)

Historical information
In 2003, AMD outlined the features for upcoming generations of microprocessors after the K8 family of processors in various events and analyst meetings, including the Microprocessor Forum 2003. The outlined features to be deployed by the next-generation microprocessors are as follows:
 * Threaded architectures.
 * Chip level multiprocessing.
 * Huge scale MP (multi-processor) machines.
 * 10 GHz operation.
 * Much higher performance superscalar, out-of-order CPU core.
 * Huge caches.
 * Media/vector processing extensions.
 * Branch and memory hints.
 * Security and virtualization.
 * Enhanced Branch Predictors.
 * Static and dynamic power management.

In June 2006, AMD executive vice president Henri Richard had an interview with DigiTimes commented on the upcoming processor developments:

"Q: What is your broad perspective on the development of AMD processor technology over the next three to four years?

A: Well, as Dirk Meyer commented at our analysts meeting, we're not standing still. We've talked about the refresh of the current K8 architecture that will come in '07, with significant improvements in many different areas of the processor, including integer performance, floating point performance, memory bandwidth, interconnections and so on."

- AMD Executive Vice President, Henri Richard

<!--

Internal codenames
As of November 2006, reports leaked the upcoming desktop part codenames Agena, Agena FX, and the core speeds of the parts range from 2.4 GHz - 2.9 GHz respectively, 512 KB L2 cache each core, 2 MB L3 cache, using HyperTransport 3.0, with a TDP of 125 W. In recent reports, single core variants (codenamed Spica) and dual core with or without L3 cache (codenamed Kuma and Rana respectively) are available under the same microarchitecture.

During the AMD Analyst Day 2006 on December 14, 2006, AMD announced their official timeline for server, desktop and mobile processors. For the servers segment, AMD will unveil two new processors based on the architecture codenamed "Barcelona" and "Budapest" for 8/4/2-way and 1-way servers respectively. For the second half of 2007, HyperTransport 3.0 and Socket AM2+ will be unveiled, which are designed for the specific implementation of the aforementioned consumer quad core desktop chip series, with naming convention changes from city names (up to middle of 2007) to stars or constellations after that, such as Agena; in addition, the AMD Quad FX platform and its immediate successor will support the high end enthusiast dual-processor versions of the chip, codenamed as Agena FX, updates the processors line for AMD Quad FX platform. As with the server chips codenamed Barcelona, the new desktop quad core series will feature a shared L3 cache, 128-bit floating point (FP) units and an enhanced microarchitecture. Agena will be the native quad-core processor for the desktop. Kuma, a dual-core variant will follow on in Q3 while Rana, the dual-core version with no shared L3 cache is expected at the end of the year.

Subsequent product launches
More information about the upcoming chip codenamed "Montreal" on the server roadmap using MCM technique of two "Shanghai" cores with a total of 12 MB L3 cache codenamed AMD K10.5. The desktop variant for Shanghai is codenamed Ridgeback. Afterwards is the release of products based on the Bulldozer cores, which is optimized with integrated graphics core (AMD Accelerated Processing Unit) or native octal-core (8 core) server architecture (codenamed Sandtiger), and the Bobcat core, optimized for low-power operations.

Change of model nomenclatures
During Computex 2007 in early June, new information regarding the naming schemes of upcoming AMD microprocessors emerged. Additional letters indicating both performance and power envelope will precede the 4 digit model number.

The model numbers of the new line of processors were apparently changed from the PR ratings used by its predecessors, the Athlon 64 series processors (except Phenom FX series, being suggested to follow the nomenclature of Athlon 64 FX series). As reported by DailyTech, the model numbers are in alpha-numeric format as AA-@### where AA are alphabetical letters, the first letter indicating the processor class and the second indicating the typical TDP power envelope. The character @ is the series indicator, which varies by branding (see below table), and the last three characters (###) are the model number, with higher numbers indicating greater performance.

Not much information was known about the details of the model numbers, but the processors will be divided into three segments: Premium, Intermediate, and Value. Premium segment model numbers have processor class "G", Intermediate segment "B", and Value level "L", as discovered on the web from the AsRock website. Similarly, three levels of TDP, "more than 65W", "65W", and "less than 65W", are indicated by the letters "P", "S", and "E" respectively.

As of November 2007, AMD has removed the letters from the model names and X2/X3/X4 monikers for depicting the number of cores of the processor, leaving just a four digit model number with the first character being the sole identification of the processor family, while Sempron remained using the LE prefix, as follows:

Live demonstrations
On November 30, 2006, AMD live demonstrated the native quad core chip known as "Barcelona" for the first time in public, while running Windows Server 2003 64-bit Edition. AMD claims 70% scaling of performance in real world loads, and better performance than Intel Xeon 5355 processor codenamed Clovertown.

On January 24, 2007, AMD Executive Vice President Randy Allen claimed that in live tests, in regard to a wide variety of workloads, "Barcelona" was able to demonstrate 40% performance advantage over the comparable Intel Xeon codenamed Clovertown dual-processor (2P) quad-core processors. The expected performance of floating point per core would be approximately 1.8 times that of the K8 family, at the same clock speed.

On May 10, 2007, AMD held a private event demonstrating the upcoming processors codenamed Agena FX and chipsets, with one demonstrated system being AMD Quad FX platform with one Radeon HD 2900 XT graphics card on the upcoming RD790 chipset. The system was also demonstrated real-time converting a 720p video clip into another undisclosed format while all 8 cores were maxed at 100% by other tasks.

Sister microarchitecture
On the December 2006 analyst day, Executive vice president Marty Seyer announced a new mobile core codenamed Griffin launched in 2008 with inherited power optimizations technologies from the K10 microarchitecture, but based on a K8 design.

TLB bug
In November 2007 AMD stopped delivery of Barcelona processors after a bug in the translation lookaside buffer (TLB) of stepping B2 was discovered that could rarely lead to a race condition and thus a system lockup. A patch in BIOS or software worked around the bug by disabling cache for page tables, but it was connected to a 5 to 20% performance penalty. Kernel patches that would almost completely avoid this penalty were published for Linux. In April 2008, the new stepping B3 was brought to the market by AMD, including a fix for the bug plus other minor enhancements.

Fabrication technology
AMD has introduced the microprocessors manufactured at 65 nm feature width using Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, since the release of K10 coincides with the volume ramp of this manufacturing process.

Supported DRAM standards
The K8 family was known to be particularly sensitive to memory latency since its design gains performance by minimizing this through the use of an on-die memory controller (integrated into the CPU); increased latency in the external modules negates the usefulness of the feature. DDR2 RAM introduces some additional latency over DDR RAM since the DRAM is internally driven by a clock at one quarter of the external data frequency, as opposed to one half that of DDR. However, since the command clock rate in DDR2 is doubled relative to DDR and other latency-reducing features (e.g. additive latency) have been introduced, common comparisons based on CAS latency alone are not sufficient. For example, Socket AM2 processors are known to demonstrate similar performance using DDR2 SDRAM as Socket 939 processors that utilize DDR-400 SDRAM. K10 processors support DDR2 SDRAM rated up to DDR2-1066 (1066 MHz).

While some desktop K10 processors are AM2+ supporting only DDR2, an AM3 K10 processor supports both DDR2 and DDR3. A few AM3 motherboards have both DDR2 and DDR3 slots (this does not mean that both types can be fitted at the same time), but for the most part they have only DDR3.

Lynx desktop processors only support DDR3, as they use the FM1 socket.

Microarchitecture characteristics

Characteristics of the microarchitecture include the following:

 * Form factors
 * Socket AM2+ with DDR2 for the 65 nm Phenom and Athlon 7000 Series
 * Socket AM3 with either DDR2 or DDR3 for Semprons and the 45 nm Phenom II and Athlon II Series. They can also be used on AM3+ motherboards with DDR3. Note that, while all K10 Phenom Processors are backwards compatible with Socket AM2+ and Socket AM2, some 45 nm Phenom II Processors are only available for Socket AM2+. Lynx processors do not use either AM2+ nor AM3.
 * Socket FM1 with DDR3 for Lynx processors.
 * Socket F with DDR2, DDR3 with Shanghai and later Opteron processors
 * Instruction set additions and extensions
 * New bit-manipulation instructions ABM: Leading Zero Count (LZCNT) and Population Count (POPCNT)
 * New SSE instructions named as SSE4a: combined mask-shift instructions (EXTRQ/INSERTQ) and scalar streaming store instructions (MOVNTSD/MOVNTSS). These instructions are not found in Intel's SSE4
 * Support for unaligned SSE load-operation instructions (which formerly required 16-byte alignment)
 * Execution pipeline enhancements
 * 128-bit wide SSE units
 * Wider L1 data cache interface allowing for two 128-bit loads per cycle (as opposed to two 64-bit loads per cycle with K8)
 * Lower integer divide latency
 * 512-entry indirect branch predictor and a larger return stack (size doubled from K8) and branch target buffer
 * Side-Band Stack Optimizer, dedicated to perform increment/decrement of register stack pointer
 * Fastpathed CALL and RET-Imm instructions (formerly microcoded) as well as MOVs from SIMD registers to general purpose registers
 * Integration of new technologies onto CPU die:
 * Four processor cores (Quad-core)
 * Split power planes for CPU core and memory controller/northbridge for more effective power management, first dubbed Dynamic Independent Core Engagement or D. I. C. E. by AMD and now known as Enhanced PowerNow! (also dubbed Independent Dynamic Core Technology), allowing the cores and northbridge (integrated memory controller) to scale power consumption up or down independently.
 * Shutting down portions of the circuits in core when not in load, named "CoolCore" Technology.
 * Improvements in the memory subsystem:
 * Improvements in access latency:
 * Support for re-ordering loads ahead of other loads and stores
 * More aggressive instruction prefetching, 32 bytes instruction prefetch as opposed to 16 bytes in K8
 * DRAM prefetcher for buffering reads
 * Buffered burst writeback to RAM in order to reduce contention
 * Changes in memory hierarchy:
 * Prefetch directly into L1 cache as opposed to L2 cache with K8 family
 * 32-way set associative L3 victim cache sized at least 2 MB, shared between processing cores on a single die (each with 512 K of independent exclusive L2 cache), with a sharing-aware replacement policy.
 * Extensible L3 cache design, with 6 MB planned for 45 nm process node, with the chips codenamed Shanghai.
 * Changes in address space management:
 * Two 64-bit independent memory controllers, each with its own physical address space; this provides an opportunity to better utilize the available bandwidth in case of random memory accesses occurring in heavily multi-threaded environments. This approach is in contrast to the previous "interleaved" design, where the two 64-bit data channels were bounded to a single common address space.
 * Larger Tagged Lookaside Buffers; support for 1 GB page entries and a new 128-entry 2 MB page TLB
 * 48-bit memory addressing to allow for 256 TB memory subsystems
 * Memory mirroring (alternatively mapped DIMM addressing), data poisoning support and Enhanced RAS
 * AMD-V Nested Paging for improved MMU virtualization, claimed to have decreasing world switch time by 25%.
 * Improvements in system interconnect:
 * HyperTransport retry support
 * Support for HyperTransport 3.0, with HyperTransport Link unganging which creates 8 point-to-point links per socket.
 * Platform-level enhancements with additional functionality:
 * Five p-states allowing for automatic clock rate modulation
 * Increased clock gating
 * Official support for coprocessors via HTX slots and vacant CPU sockets through HyperTransport: Torrenza initiative.

APUs
APU features table

Agena (65 nm SOI, quad-core)

 * Four AMD K10 cores
 * L1 cache: 64 KB instruction and 64 KB data (data + instructions) per core
 * L2 cache: 512 KB per core, full-speed
 * L3 cache: 2 MB shared between all cores
 * Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz with unganging option
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
 * Socket AM2+, HyperTransport with 1600 to 2000 MHz
 * Power consumption (TDP): 65, 95, 125 and 140 Watt
 * First release
 * November 19, 2007 (B2 Stepping)
 * March 27, 2008 (B3 Stepping)
 * Clock rate: 1800 to 2600 MHz
 * Models: Phenom X4 9100e - 9950

Toliman (65 nm SOI, tri-core)

 * Three AMD K10 cores
 * L1 cache: 64 KB instruction and 64 KB data cache per core
 * L2 cache: 512 KB per core, full-speed
 * L3 cache: 2 MB shared between all cores
 * Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz with unganging option
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
 * Socket AM2+, HyperTransport with 1600 to 1800 MHz
 * Power consumption (TDP): 65 and 95 Watt
 * First release
 * March 27, 2008 (B2 Stepping)
 * April 23, 2008 (B3 Stepping)
 * Clock rate: 2100 to 2500 MHz
 * Models: Phenom X3 8250e - 8850

Thuban (45 nm SOI, hexa-core)

 * Six AMD K10 cores
 * L1 cache: 64 KB instructions and 64 KB data per core
 * L2 cache: 512 KB per core, full-speed
 * L3 cache: 6 MB shared between all cores.
 * Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz (AM2+), dual channel DDR3-1333 (AM3) with unganging option
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
 * Socket AM2+, Socket AM3, HyperTransport with 1800 to 2000 MHz
 * Power consumption (TDP): 95 or 125 Watt
 * First release
 * 27 April 2010 (E0 Stepping)
 * Clock rate: 2.6 - 3.3 GHz; up to 3.7 GHz with Turbo Core
 * Models: Phenom II X6 1035T, 1045T, 1055T, 1065T, 1075T, 1090T and 1100T

Zosma (45 nm SOI, quad-core)

 * Four AMD K10 cores harvested from Thuban with two cores disabled
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, AMD-V, Turbo Core (AMD equivalent of Intel Turbo Boost)
 * Memory support: DDR2 SDRAM up to PC2-8500, DDR3 SDRAM up to PC3-10600 (Socket AM3 only)
 * Models: Phenom II X4 650T, 840T, 960T, 970 (Thuban-based Zosma core, OEM Only, 970 has unlocked multiplier but w/o Turbo Core)

Deneb (45 nm SOI, quad-core)

 * Four AMD K10 cores
 * L1 cache: 64 KB instructions and 64 KB data per core
 * L2 cache: 512 KB per core, full-speed
 * L3 cache: 6 MB shared between all cores. The 800 series have 2 MB of its L3 Cache disabled due to defects.
 * Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz (AM2+), dual channel DDR3-1333 (AM3) with unganging option
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
 * Socket AM2+, Socket AM3, HyperTransport with 1800 to 2000 MHz
 * Power consumption (TDP): 65, 95, 125 and 140 Watt
 * First release
 * 8 January 2009 (C2 Stepping)
 * Clock rate: 2500 to 3700 MHz
 * Models: Phenom II X4 805 - 980 (except 840 and 850)

42 TWKR Limited Edition (45 nm SOI, quad-core)
AMD released a limited edition Deneb-based processor to extreme overclockers and partners. Fewer than 100 were manufactured.

The "42" officially represents four cores running at 2 GHz, but is also a reference to the answer to life, the universe, and everything from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.

 * Four AMD K10 cores
 * Models: Phenom II 42 TWKR

Propus (45 nm SOI, quad-core)

 * Four AMD K10 cores harvested from Deneb with L3 cache disabled
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, AMD-V
 * Memory support: DDR2 SDRAM up to PC2-8500 (DDR2-1066 MHz), DDR3 SDRAM up to PC3-10600 (DDR3-1333 MHz) (Socket AM3 only)
 * Models: Phenom II X4 840 and 850

Heka (45 nm SOI, tri-core)

 * Three AMD K10 cores using chip harvesting technique, with one core disabled
 * L1 cache: 64 KB instructions and 64 KB data per core
 * L2 cache: 512 KB per core, full-speed
 * L3 cache: 6 MB shared between all cores
 * Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz (AM2+), dual channel DDR3-1333 (AM3) with unganging option
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
 * Socket AM3, HyperTransport with 2000 MHz
 * Power consumption (TDP): 65 and 95 Watt
 * First release
 * 9 February 2009 (C2 Stepping)
 * Clock rate: 2500 to 3000 MHz
 * Models: Phenom II X3 705e - 740

Callisto (45 nm SOI, dual-core)

 * Two AMD K10 cores using chip harvesting technique, with two cores disabled
 * L1 cache: 64 KB instructions and 64 KB data per core
 * L2 cache: 512 KB per core, full-speed
 * L3 cache: 6 MB shared between all cores
 * Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz (AM2+), dual channel DDR3-1333 (AM3) with unganging option
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
 * Socket AM3, HyperTransport with 2000 MHz
 * Power consumption (TDP): 80 Watt
 * First release
 * 1 June 2009 (C2 Stepping)
 * Clock rate: 3000 to 3500 MHz
 * Models: Phenom II X2 545 - 570

Regor (45 nm SOI, dual-core)

 * Two AMD K10 cores
 * Some are chip harvests from Propus or Deneb with two cores disabled
 * Most Regor-based processors feature double the L2 cache per core (1 MB) as other Athlon II and Phenom II processors.
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, AMD-V
 * Memory support: DDR2 SDRAM up to PC2-8500, DDR3 SDRAM up to PC3-8500 (DDR3-1066 MHz) (Socket AM3 only)
 * Models: Phenom II X2 511 and 521

Kuma (65 nm SOI, dual-core)

 * Two AMD K10 cores harvested from Agena with two cores disabled
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, AMD-V
 * Models: Athlon X2 6500 - 7850

Regor/Deneb (45 nm SOI, dual-core)

 * Two AMD K10 cores. Some 5000 series processors are chip harvests from Propus or Deneb; All 5200 series chips are harvests, each has two cores disabled
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, AMD-V
 * Models: Athlon X2 5000+ and 5200+

Zosma (45 nm SOI, quad-core)

 * Four AMD K10 cores harvested from Thuban with two cores disabled
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, AMD-V, Turbo Core (AMD equivalent of Intel Turbo Boost)
 * Memory support: DDR2 SDRAM up to PC2-8500, DDR3 SDRAM up to PC3-10600 (Socket AM3 only)
 * Models: Athlon II X4 640[T]

Propus (45 nm SOI, quad-core)

 * Four AMD K10 cores
 * L1 cache: 64 KB instructions and 64 KB data per core
 * L2 cache: 512 KB per core, full-speed
 * Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz (AM2+), dual channel DDR3-1333 (AM3) with unganging option
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
 * Socket AM3, HyperTransport with 2000 MHz
 * Power consumption (TDP): 45 Watt or 95 Watt
 * First release
 * September 2009 (C2 Stepping)
 * Clock rate: 2200 - 3100 MHz
 * Models: Athlon II X4 600e - 650

Rana (45 nm SOI, tri-core)

 * Three AMD K10 cores chip harvested from Propus or Deneb with one core disabled
 * L1 cache: 64 kB + 64 kB (data + instructions) per core
 * L2 cache: 512 kB per core, full-speed
 * Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz (AM2+), dual channel DDR3-1333 (AM3) with unganging option
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
 * Socket AM3, HyperTransport with 2 GHz
 * Die Size: 169 mm²
 * Power consumption (TDP): 45 Watts or 95 Watts
 * First release
 * October 2009 (Stepping C2)
 * Clock rate: 2.2–3.4 GHz
 * Models: Athlon II X3 400e - 460

Regor (45 nm SOI, dual-core)

 * Two AMD K10 cores
 * L1 cache: 64 KB instructions and 64 KB data per core
 * L2 cache: 1024 KB per core, full-speed
 * Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz (AM2+), dual channel DDR3-1333 (AM3) with unganging option
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
 * Socket AM3, HyperTransport with 2000 MHz
 * Power consumption (TDP): 65 Watt
 * First release
 * June 2009 (C2 Stepping)
 * Clock rate: 1600 - 3600 MHz
 * Models: Athlon II X2 250u - 280

Sargas (45 nm SOI, single-core)

 * Single AMD K10 core harvest from Regor with one core disabled
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, AMD-V
 * Memory support: DDR2 SDRAM up to PC2-6400, DDR3 SDRAM up to PC3-8500 (Socket AM3 only)
 * Models: Athlon II 160u and 170u

Lynx (32 nm SOI, dual or quad-core)

 * Two or four AMD K10 cores with no L3 cache
 * APUs without graphics. See below.
 * Models: Athlon II X2 221 to Athlon II X4 651K

Sargas (45 nm SOI, single-core)

 * Single AMD K10 core chip harvested from Regor with one core disabled
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, AMD-V
 * Models: Sempron 130-150

Regor (45 nm SOI, dual-core)

 * Two AMD K10 cores
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, AMD-V
 * Models: Sempron X2 180 and 190

Lynx (32 nm SOI, dual-core)

 * Two AMD K10 cores with no L3 cache
 * APUs without graphics. See below.
 * Models: Sempron X2 198

Lynx (32 nm SOI, dual or quad-core)
The first generation desktop APUs based on the K10 microarchitecture were released in 2011 (some models do not provide graphics capability, such as the Lynx Athlon II and Sempron X2).

 * Fabrication 32 nm on GlobalFoundries SOI process
 * Socket FM1
 * Die size: 228 mm2, with 1.178 billion transistors
 * AMD K10 cores with no L3 cache
 * GPU: TeraScale 2
 * All A and E series models feature Redwood-class integrated graphics on die (BeaverCreek for the dual-core variants and WinterPark for the quad-core variants). Sempron and Athlon models exclude integrated graphics.
 * Support for up to four DIMMs of up to DDR3-1866 memory
 * 5 GT/s UMI
 * Integrated PCIe 2.0 controller
 * Select models support Turbo Core technology for faster CPU operation when the thermal specification permits
 * Select models support Hybrid Graphics technology to assist a discrete Radeon HD 6450, 6570, or 6670 discrete graphics card. This is similar to the current Hybrid CrossFireX technology available in the AMD 700 and 800 chipset series
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, AMD-V
 * Models: Lynx desktop APUs and CPUs

"Caspian" (45nm SOI, dual-core)

 * Tigris platform
 * Two AMD K10 cores
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, AMD-V, PowerNow!
 * Memory support: DDR2 SDRAM (Up to 800 MHz)
 * Models: Turion II Ultra M600 to M660

"Caspian" (45nm SOI, dual-core)

 * Tigris platform
 * Two AMD K10 cores
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, AMD-V, PowerNow!
 * Memory support: DDR2 SDRAM (Up to 800 MHz)
 * Models: Turion II M500 TO M560

"Champlain" (45nm SOI, dual-core)

 * Danube platform
 * Two AMD K10 cores
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, AMD-V, PowerNow!
 * Memory support: DDR3 SDRAM, DDR3L SDRAM (Up to 1333 MHz)
 * Models: Turion II models

"Caspian" (45nm SOI, dual-core)

 * Tigris platform
 * Two AMD K10 cores
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, AMD-V, PowerNow!
 * Memory support: DDR2 SDRAM (Up to 800 MHz)
 * Models: Athlon II M300 to M360

"Champlain" (45nm SOI, dual-core)

 * Danube platform
 * Two AMD K10 cores
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, AMD-V, PowerNow!
 * Memory support: DDR3 SDRAM, DDR3L SDRAM (Up to 1333 MHz)
 * Models: Athlon II models

"Caspian" (45nm SOI, single-core)

 * Tigris platform
 * Single AMD K10 core
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, AMD-V, PowerNow!
 * Memory support: DDR2 SDRAM (Up to 800 MHz)
 * Models: Sempron M100 to M140

"Geneva" (45nm SOI, dual-core)

 * Nile platform
 * Two AMD K10 cores
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, AMD-V, PowerNow!
 * Memory support: DDR3 SDRAM, DDR3L SDRAM (Up to 1066 MHz)
 * Models: Turion II Neo models

"Geneva" (45nm SOI, dual-core)

 * Nile platform
 * Two AMD K10 cores
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, AMD-V, PowerNow!
 * Memory support: DDR3 SDRAM, DDR3L SDRAM (Up to 1066 MHz)
 * Models: Athlon II Neo models

"Geneva" (45nm SOI, single-core)

 * Nile platform
 * Single AMD K10 core
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, AMD-V, PowerNow!
 * Memory support: DDR3 SDRAM, DDR3L SDRAM (Up to 1066 MHz)
 * Models: Athlon II K125 and K145

"Geneva" (45nm SOI, single-core)

 * Nile platform
 * Single AMD K10 core
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, AMD-V, PowerNow!
 * Memory support: DDR3 SDRAM, DDR3L SDRAM (Up to 1066 MHz)
 * Models: V 105

"Champlain" (45nm SOI, single-core)

 * Danube platform
 * Single AMD K10 core
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, AMD-V, PowerNow!
 * Memory support: DDR3 SDRAM, DDR3L SDRAM (Up to 1333 MHz)
 * Models: V 120 to 160

"Champlain" (45nm SOI, quad-core)

 * Danube platform
 * Four AMD K10 cores
 * Unlike desktop models, mobile Phenom II models do not have L3 cache
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, AMD-V, PowerNow!
 * Memory support: DDR3 SDRAM, DDR3L SDRAM (Up to 1333 MHz)
 * Models: Phenom II models

"Champlain" (45nm SOI, tri-core)

 * Danube platform
 * Three AMD K10 cores
 * Unlike desktop models, mobile Phenom II models do not have L3 cache
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, AMD-V, PowerNow!
 * Memory support: DDR3 SDRAM, DDR3L SDRAM (Up to 1333 MHz)
 * Models: Phenom II models

"Champlain" (45nm SOI, dual-core)

 * Danube platform
 * Two AMD K10 cores
 * Unlike desktop models, mobile Phenom II models do not have L3 cache
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, AMD-V, PowerNow!
 * Memory support: DDR3 SDRAM, DDR3L SDRAM (Up to 1333 MHz)
 * Models: Phenom II models

"Sabine" (32nm SOI, dual or quad-core)

 * Fabrication 32 nm on GlobalFoundries' SOI process
 * Socket FS1
 * Two or four upgraded K10 cores codenamed Husky (K10.5) with no L3 cache, and with Redwood-class integrated graphics on die (WinterPark for the dual-core variants and BeaverCreek for the quad-core variants)
 * Integrated PCIe 2.0 controller
 * GPU: TeraScale 2
 * Select models support Turbo Core technology for faster CPU operation when the thermal specification permits
 * 2.5 GT/s UMI
 * ISA extensions: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, ABM, NX bit, AMD64, AMD-V, PowerNow!
 * Support for 1.35 V DDR3L-1333 memory, in addition to regular 1.5 V DDR3 memory specified
 * Models: Sabine mobile APUs

Server
There are two generations of K10-based processors for servers: Opteron 65 nm and 45 nm.

Successor
AMD discontinued further development of K10 based CPUs after Thuban, choosing to focus on Fusion products for mainstream desktops and laptops and Bulldozer based products for the performance market. However, within the Fusion product family, APUs such as the first generation A4, A6 and A8-series chips (Llano APUs) continued to use K10-derived CPU cores in conjunction with a Radeon graphics core. K10 and its derivatives were phased out of production by the introduction of Trinity-based APUs in 2012, which replaced the K10 cores in the APU with Bulldozer-derived cores.

Turion X2 Ultra Family 11h
The Family 11h microarchitecture was a mixture of both K8 and K10 designs with lower power consumption for laptop that was marketed as Turion X2 Ultra and was later replaced by completely K10-based designs.

Fusion Family 12h
The Family 12h microarchitecture is a derivative of the K10 design:
 * Both CPU and GPU were re-used to avoid complexity and risk
 * Distinct Software and Physical integration makes Fusion (APU) microarchitectures different
 * Power-saving improvements including clock gating
 * Improvements to hardware pre-fetcher
 * Redesigned memory controller
 * 1MB L2 cache per core
 * No L3 cache
 * Two new buses for on-die GPU to access memory (called Onion and Garlic interfaces)
 * AMD Fusion Compute Link (Onion) – interfaces to CPU cache and coherent system memory (see cache coherence)
 * Radeon Memory Bus (Garlic) – dedicated non-coherent interface connected directly to memory

Media discussions
Note: These media discussions are listed in ascending date of publication.

title: AMD 10h


text:
Valaida Snow

Valaida Snow (June 2, 1904 – May 30, 1956) was an American jazz musician and entertainer who performed internationally. She was also known as "Little Louis" and "Queen of the Trumpet," a nickname given to her by W. C. Handy.

Early life
Snow was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Her mother, Etta, was a Howard University-educated music teacher and her father, John, was a minister who was the leader of the Pickaninny Troubadours, a group mainly consisting of child performers. Raised on the road in a show-business family, where starting from the age of five, she began performing with her father's group. By the time she was 15, she learned to play cello, bass, banjo, violin, mandolin, harp, accordion, clarinet, trumpet, and saxophone. She also sang and danced.

Career
Her solo career began when she joined a popular revue called Holiday in Dixieland, after exiting an abusive marriage. She then held a residency at a Harlem cabaret, which helped lead her to be cast alongside Josephine Baker in the musical In Bamville, a follow-up to the enduring hit musical Shuffle Along. While the musical was itself not a hit, Baker and Snow both received positive reviews.

In the year 1922, when she was 18 years old she gained national recognition, leading her to travel all over the U.S. to perform as a dancer, musician (Trumpet player), and singer. The following year, Valaida appeared in the black musical Ramblin Round. In the year 1923, she also appeared in Will Mastin’s Follow Me revue. By 1924 she became a key figure in The Chocolate Dandies a broadway musical along with Elizabeth Welch and Josephine Baker.

After focusing on the trumpet, Snow quickly became so famous at the instrument that she was nicknamed "Little Louis" after Louis Armstrong, who called her the world's second-best jazz trumpet player, besides himself. W. C. Handy, who is known as the Father of the Blues, gave her the nickname "Queen of the Trumpet." Contemporary critics Krin Gabbard and Will Friedwald have commented on her approach to playing like Armstrong. Gabbard said she developed a "distinctly Armstrongian style" and Friedwald said she "mimicked" Armstrong. In a 1928 performance in Chicago at the Sunset Café, Snow played the trumpet, sang. Then seven pairs of shoes were placed in a row at the front of the stage, and she danced in each pair for one chorus. The dances and shoes to match were: soft-shoe, adagio shoes, tap shoes, Dutch clogs, Chinese straw sandals, Turkish slippers, and the last pair, Russian boots. "When Louis Armstrong saw the show one night, he continued clapping after others had stopped and remarked, 'Boy I never saw anything that great'." Despite her talent, she had fewer opportunities to hold residencies as a bandleader at clubs in New York or Chicago, like many of her male peers. Instead, she predominantly toured, playing concerts throughout the US, Europe, and China. In 1926, she toured London and Paris with Lew Leslie's Blackbirds revue and then from 1926 to 1929, she toured with Jack Carter's Serenaders in Shanghai, Singapore, Calcutta, and Jakarta.

Her most successful period was in the 1930s when she became the toast of London and Paris. Around this time she recorded her hit song "High Hat, Trumpet, and Rhythm". She performed in the Ethel Waters show Rhapsody in Black, in New York. In the mid-1930s, Snow made films with her husband, Ananias Berry, of the Berry Brothers dancing troupe. After playing the Apollo Theater in New York City, she revisited Europe and the Far East for more shows and films. She was imprisoned in a Copenhagen jail during WWII when Nazi soldiers took over Denmark, where she was touring.

According to a jazz radio show that aired on October 28, 2017, Snow said she was arrested in Europe, apparently going to jail for theft and illegal drugs. While later touring Denmark in 1941, she said she was arrested by Nazis and most likely kept at Vestre Fængsel, a Danish prison in Copenhagen that was run by the Nazis, before being released on a prisoner exchange in May 1942. It was rumored that her friendship with a Belgian police official helped her to board a ship carrying foreign diplomats. According to jazz historian Scott Yanow, "she never emotionally recovered from the experience". She married Earl Edwards. In the 1950s, she was unable to regain her former success.

Valaida Snow died aged 51 of a brain hemorrhage on May 30, 1956, in New York City, backstage during a performance at the Palace Theater. Her death came three days before her 52nd birthday.

Personal life
According to an article posted in the Pittsburgh Courier in 1933, Snow was arrested and later acquitted of bigamy after eloping with her fiancé Ananias John W. Berry, Jr. Snow had 3 sisters Lavaida, Alvaida, and Hattie all of who were professional singers. She also had a brother named Arthur Bush. In the year 1934 Valaida married Ananias Berry who was a member of the Berry Brothers. In 1943 Valaida married Earle Edwards who later became her manager.

Legacy
Many recordings of Snow performances still exist, including audio recordings and audiovisual recordings of her on stage or in films. According to musicology professor Tammy L. Kernodle, "The unfortunate thing about her legacy is that she wasn't recorded as much as many of her peers, but she was a greatly respected musician on the vaudeville circuit, and even amongst male jazz musicians themselves." This quote was from a phone interview by Giovanni Russonello, who on February 22, 2020, published her belated obituary in The New York Times, as part of the "Overlooked No More" series. There are no commercial recordings of Snow as trumpeter made in the United States, all were recorded in Europe. Before her obituary was published, The New York Times wrote about her only once in a paragraph-long review about a 1949 Song Recital at New York's Town Hall.

Dr. Kernodle also said that Snow's legacy is important as she helped "shift the context of jazz away from the early Dixieland style" and "she [was] important in terms of helping us gain an understanding of the spread of jazz to Europe, particularly after World War I."

Concentration Camp Controversy
In interviews after returning from Europe during World War II, Snow claimed she had been in a Nazi concentration camp.

Historian Jayna Brown studied the controversy over Snow's alleged rumor regarding being detained in a Nazi concentration camp, and concluded that she had not been in a concentration camp. According to Brown, on September 15, 1939, Snow's manager Earl Sutcliff was advised to leave the country to escape the violence that was taking place in Europe. It is unclear why or what exactly took place but both Sutcliff and Snow remained in Copenhagen. According to Brown, Snow had another chance to leave Europe, but again refused. Instead, her manager was forced to leave due to drug-related charges; upon arriving in New York he was the first one to state that Snow was allegedly being held in a Nazi concentration camp, where he had nearly escaped.

To add to the confusion and controversy, many have been unable to place Snow's whereabouts between February and October 1941. In October of 1941, Snow was living under some sort of surveillance in Copenhagen until she was detained with no criminal charges on March 12, 1942, and sent to Vestre Faengsel. Brown indicates that this period was used to treat Snow's alleged drug addiction, and as a way to ensure that she would be able to return to the U.S.

Performances

 * March 11, 1933; Earl Hines and Snow performed in Madrid ballroom in Harrisburg, PA.
 * September 23, 1945; First Cavalcade of Jazz concert in Los Angeles at Wrigley Field produced by Leon Hefflin Sr. along with Count Basie, The Honeydrippers, The Peters Sisters, Slim and Bam and Joe Turner.

In literature

 * Earl Hines' oral autobiography, The World of Earl Hines (with Stanley Dance) includes several vignettes of Snow by her intimate friend.
 * Valaida Snow appears as a fictional character who threw herself on top of the protagonist when he was a child to shield him from a beating at the hands of the Nazis in a concentration camp. Snow is depicted as a strong, generous woman who proudly recalls that "They beat me, and fucked me in every hole I had. I was their whore. Their maid. A stool they stood on when they wanted to reach a little higher. But I never sang in their cage, Bobby. Not one note" (p. 28).
 * A novel based on Valaida Snow's life story.
 * Biography. Both the Allen and Miller books contradict the assertion that Snow was held by the Nazis and instead place her in Danish custody at a Copenhagen prison.
 * Inspired by Valaida's life, but it is more fictitious than strictly biographical.
 * Valaida Snow, by Emmanuel Reuzé and Maël Rannou, comic strip, BDMusic, Paris, coll. " BDJazz ", 2012.
 * Biography. Both the Allen and Miller books contradict the assertion that Snow was held by the Nazis and instead place her in Danish custody at a Copenhagen prison.
 * Inspired by Valaida's life, but it is more fictitious than strictly biographical.
 * Valaida Snow, by Emmanuel Reuzé and Maël Rannou, comic strip, BDMusic, Paris, coll. " BDJazz ", 2012.
 * Valaida Snow, by Emmanuel Reuzé and Maël Rannou, comic strip, BDMusic, Paris, coll. " BDJazz ", 2012.

Discography

 * 1940–1953 (Classics)
 * Queen of Trumpet and Song (DRG, 1999)
 * Until The Real Thing Comes Along (Monk – MK343 LP, Compilation)

authors: Эдуард Егоров

title: Valaida Snow


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title: User talk:68.97.216.245