text:
Talk:Benny (slang)

I just edited this article for style a bit, but I would hardly say it is neutral. However, I am hesitant to edit it for content as I am not familiar with any of the history or usage of this term. Can anyone help?

My family has lived in the Toms River area for close to 40 years, and I have NEVER heard that Benny is some kind of light weight anti-Semetic slur. It truly stands for Bergen Essex Newark and New York. I'm not going to change the article until there are some corroborating opinions, but I just wanted to throw my two cents in.

I agree
I have lived on the Jersey Shore (in Monmouth County) for 43 of my 46 years. I have often heard and used the tern "benny" as a derogatory term for the non-locals who invade our beach towns every summer. However, I have NEVER heard it used with any anti-Semetic undertones. It is absolutely an ethnic-nonspecific insult that equally fits all out-of-towners without regard to their religions, nationalities, or races.

Most of the research I have seen attributes the etymology of the word "benny" to the train stations where the bennies started their treks down the Shore before there was a Garden State Parkway, namely Bayonne, Elizabeth, Newark and New York. I've also heard it attributed to the fact that they come for the summer benefits ("bennies") but aren't here in the off-season.

I really feel this entry ought to be revised to eliminate the suggestion that the term is anything more than locals versus tourists. At least, it ought to be identified as speculation or suspicion.

I agree
I've lived in Toms River for nearly all of my life (I'm 20), and my parents and grandparents used to rent a house in Seaside Park for many years before that. From the way I use it, it's people from the local area making a deragatory reference to non-locals, such as how Route 37 East in Toms River becomes a parking lot during the daytime. I was told that benny derives from Bayonne, Elizabeth, Newark and New York, as well, and I have also heard that originally, as the train stations were where they started their trek to the Shore, the word BENNY was actually used as the destination/ signage for some of the trains. I've only heard the anti-Semetic use as a rumor as to how the word came about, but no one I've asked has ever said that they've ever used the word benny in an anti-Semetic way.

Splitting disambig and content
I found the Benny entry, and saw that it was structured as a disambiguation page, but also had a lot of content about a particular item. This seemed very odd. So, I split the page into the disambiguation portion, and this page about one of the aspects. Given that the 'talk' was about the Jersey Shore insults, it seemed prudent to just move the page, and then re-create the disambiguation page. Hope this meets your approval -- Ch'marr 15:26, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

Please Note
Under the list of typical benny things, please don't put stuff about raising property value and such. "Benny" is simply a name for tourists who come to the Jersey Shore and what the stereotype is. I am from Spring Lake, New Jersey so I do know what I am talking about. Also, as was said above, it is not a racial or anti-Semetic slur. Unless there is some documented evidence of that, please do not put it in the article. Clamster5 23:56, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

English Benny
True, people in England do say having a "benny", but this describea an outburst rather than a type of person so doesn't really seem to fit on this page. However the term Benny is used by people of a certain age to derogatively describe a person of apparent low intelligence, derived from the character of the same name in tacky soap opera Crossroads. See article on the actor who played him. I'll mention this in the article.BennyFromCrossroads 11:08, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

Military Slang
When British troops were in the Falkland Islands after the 1982 war, they would call the locals, "Bennys" after a slightly slow character on the ITV soap opera [‘Crossroads’]. He would talk in a thick West Country accent and habitually wore a knitted woollen cap. The locals complained about this derogatory term and the Army higher ups put an order out that the troops were not to call the locals, ‘Bennys’ any longer. The troops then started to call the locals, ‘Stills’, as in “He’s still a Benny.” The locals got their own back by calling the troops, “When I’s”, as in “When I was in ……”

Philjones828 07:24, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

Benzedrine
Benny has at least in the drug culture, been slang for benzedrine. its become such a colloquilism that it can be ment to refer to any kind of sped whatsoever.that should be mentioned Janemansfield74 03:59, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

Bayonne and the North Jersey Coast Line; sourcing
You can rest assured that Bayonne is not a stop on the North Jersey Coast Line; New York, Newark, and Elizabeth are prominent northern stops. Bay Head has been the southern terminus of the New York and Long Branch Railroad (which became the NJCL only thirty years ago) since 1881, so if BENNY has something to do with that train line, the acronym is more likely related to Bay Head (which was supposed to be one word, after the Bayhead developers that bought the land in the 1870s. Bayonne is off the beaten path. And Bergen trains run out of Hoboken and go east/west. Being from the Monmouth County area for over thirty years, it seems odd to me that anyone on the ocean would have ever thought about Bayonne or Bergen County when they pondered where these tourists were coming from. Bayonne and Bergen aren't names of any significance to the train line that feeds the shore, nor are they any more likely as origin points for pale-legged tourists than any other jurisdictions up north.

The sourcing of this article could be improved. Maybe this will be helpful? The current sourcing relies on lists of sources rather than the original articles, so I hunted down some of the latter for inclusion in the article. The New York Times "Havens, Weekender: Bradley Beach, NJ" article dated 11 June 2004 is based on a few local interviews in Bradley Beach and seems to have no substantial research behind it; it may be the origin for the Urban Dictionary and some of the other 2004-2006 sources, meaning that the article may suffer from what is called circular reporting. The Word Detective issue of 23 November 2004 and the Star-Ledger article of 1 July 2005 could have their roots in the NYT article as well. Someone might want to check out the 1999 Washington Post and 2002 Asbury Park Press articles cited in The American Dialect Society Mailing List to see if they have any substantial research behind them. Certainly more substantial newspaper or diary sources would be useful. I doubt they will be online.

IMO the NYT suggestion re the meaning of BENNY doesn't trump any of the other ideas. It's probably best to suggest the origin is undetermined and cite the various meanings with accompanying sources. --Pat (talk) 01:43, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Am mystified by the constant removal of the section and sourcing addressing this issue. If there is any argument with the way it is written, any rewrites should be accompanied with new sourcing. They have not been. Furthermore, the fully sourced paragraph was replaced with a random suggestion that Bayonne "is a city on the coast", which a.)several Hudson County real estate agents' marketing ploys notwithstanding, isn't accurate and b.)has absolutely no bearing on the oft-repeated myth to which that section refers. Again, I've no problem with properly sourced replacements. Erasing an entire section for no apparent reason, however, is a bit weird.Terrapin7 (talk) 23:28, 7 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Bayonne (and the terminal in Jersey City) used to be part of the Main Line of the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ) before all trains were routed to Newark Penn Station in 1967. As the now-North Jersey Coast Line was co-owned by the CNJ, many would go to the shore from Bayonne, so there's no mystery why Bayonne would be the B in Benny (presuming the etymology is correct). It's just archaic. oknazevad (talk) 19:57, 21 September 2014 (UTC)

philanthropist?
I vaguely remember something about some philanthropist bringing kids from say Phili to the shore. It was a benifit of be employed by ???

As for me I grew up in Middlesex County, but have(had) family in Toms River and Seaside park. (User: Karen) 6 Jan 2008 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.103.60.125 (talk) 03:47, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

Bennys Landing, NJ
I used to have a place there (Google Maps - try it). The locals (retirees from Philadelphia) had the idea that Benny referred either to sesame seeds (Benne) or to dead bodies of the folks that died on the barrier islands supporting today's Stone Harbor and Wildwood. This would challenge the notion that there is a precise geographical (or cryptographical) explanation for the application of the term and tend to generalize it, at least in a still-circumscribed lexical geography. Certainly it adds a layer of meaning to the antipathy already demonstrated between the offshore and mainland people of the region. Swamid1 (talk) 03:09, 27 March 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Swamid1 (talk • contribs) 03:06, 27 March 2010 (UTC)

English Usage again
In addition to referring to someone of low intelligence, benny can be used as a short term for "bender" meaning gay, (derogatorily, but not usually used against actual homosexual ppl but friends simply to bug them)... this article still needs a LOT of editing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.22.21.24 (talk) 17:02, 27 March 2010 (UTC)

 * I think this usage is also the one behind the playground taunt "Are you a benny tied to a tree"; when the 'victim' answers in the negative this gives the questioner free rein to run around the playground shrieking "Benny on the loose!" as loudly as his lungs will bear. Mr Larrington (talk) 19:27, 3 April 2015 (UTC)

Local point of view
I grew up in Toms River New Jersey and most of my friends and colleagues consider the term to be an acronym for Bayonne, Elizabeth, Newark, New York. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.127.172.204 (talk) 09:59, 8 September 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Benny (slang)


text:
Alvarez hypothesis

The Alvarez hypothesis posits that the mass extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs and many other living things during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event was caused by the impact of a large asteroid on the Earth. Prior to 2013, it was commonly cited as having happened about 65 million years ago, but Renne and colleagues (2013) gave an updated value of 66 million years. Evidence indicates that the asteroid fell in the Yucatán Peninsula, at Chicxulub, Mexico. The hypothesis is named after the father-and-son team of scientists Luis and Walter Alvarez, who first suggested it in 1980. Shortly afterwards, and independently, the same was suggested by Dutch paleontologist Jan Smit.

In March 2010, an international panel of scientists endorsed the asteroid hypothesis, specifically the Chicxulub impact, as being the cause of the extinction. A team of 41 scientists reviewed 20 years of scientific literature and in so doing also ruled out other theories such as massive volcanism. They had determined that a space rock 10 – in diameter hurtled into earth at Chicxulub. For comparison, the Martian moon Phobos has a diameter of 22 km, and Mount Everest is just under 9 km. The collision would have released the same energy as 100000000 MtTNT, over a billion times the energy of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

A 2016 drilling project into the peak ring of the crater strongly supported the hypothesis, and confirmed various matters that had been unclear until that point. These included the fact that the peak ring comprised granite (a rock found deep within the Earth) rather than typical sea floor rock, which had been shocked, melted, and ejected to the surface in minutes, and evidence of colossal seawater movement directly afterwards from sand deposits. Crucially, the cores also showed a near-complete absence of gypsum, a sulfate-containing rock, which would have been vaporized and dispersed as an aerosol into the atmosphere, confirming the presence of a probable link between the impact and global longer-term effects on the climate and food chain.

History
In 1980, a team of researchers led by Nobel prize-winning physicist Luis Alvarez, his son, geologist Walter Alvarez, and chemists Frank Asaro and Helen Vaughn Michel, discovered that sedimentary layers found all over the world at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary (K–Pg boundary, formerly called Cretaceous–Tertiary or K–T boundary) contain a concentration of iridium hundreds of times greater than normal.

Previously, in a 1953 publication, geologists Allan O. Kelly and Frank Dachille analyzed global geological evidence suggesting that one or more giant asteroids impacted the Earth, causing an angular shift in its axis, global floods, firestorms, atmospheric occlusion, and the extinction of the dinosaurs. There were other earlier speculations on the possibility of an impact event, but without strong confirming evidence.

Evidence
The location of the impact was unknown when the Alvarez team developed their hypothesis, but later scientists discovered the Chicxulub Crater in the Yucatán Peninsula, now considered the likely impact site.

Paul Renne of the Berkeley Geochronology Center has reported that the date of the asteroid event is 66,038,000 years ago, plus or minus 11,000 years, based on Ar-Ar dating. He further posits that the mass extinction of dinosaurs occurred within 33,000 years of this date.

In April 2019, a paper was published in PNAS which describes evidence from a fossil site in North Dakota that the authors say provides a "postimpact snapshot" of events after the asteroid collision "including ejecta accretion and faunal mass death". The team found that the tektites that had peppered the area were present in amber found on the site and were also embedded in the gills of about 50 percent of the fossil fish. They were also able to find traces of iridium. The authors – who include Walter Alvarez – postulate that shock of the impact, equivalent to an earthquake of magnitude 10 or 11, may have led to seiches, oscillating movements of water in lakes, bays, or gulfs, that would have reached the site in North Dakota within minutes or hours of the impact. This would have led to the rapid burial of organisms under a thick layer of sediment. Coauthor David Burnham of the University of Kansas was quoted as saying "They’re not crushed, it’s like an avalanche that collapses almost like a liquid, then sets like concrete. They were killed pretty suddenly because of the violence of that water. We have one fish that hit a tree and was broken in half."

According to a high-resolution study of fossilized fish bones published in 2022, the Cretaceous-Paleogene asteroid which caused mass extinction impacted during the Northern Hemisphere spring.

Criticism
Although a 2010 paper published in Science that declared that the extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by Chicxulub was co-authored by 41 scientists, dozens of other scientists challenged both the paper's methods and its conclusions. A leading critic of the Alvarez hypothesis is Gerta Keller, who has focused on Deccan Traps volcanism as a likely cause of a more gradual extinction. Despite the fact that the Alvarez hypothesis has overwhelming support from the scientific community, Keller has continued to advocate for research into alternate theories. The Deccan Traps theory was first proposed in 1978 by geologist Dewey McLean but quickly lost traction. The Deccan Traps are an area of volcanic flood basalts in Western India spanning ~1.3 million square kilometers that were created by massive volcanic activity during the same time period in which the Chicxulub impact occurred. Prior to Keller's research, the timeframe of the Deccan Traps' eruptions had a significantly large range of error, making it difficult to draw strong conclusions regarding their connection to the K-Pg extinction. In a 2014 report, Keller and her colleagues used uranium-lead zircon geochronology to more accurately identify the eruptions as occurring both within a span of one million years and around 250,000 years prior to the K-Pg boundary. Keller additionally determined that ocean temperatures rose seven to nine degrees Celsius during the most significant period of the Deccan eruptions. Along with ocean acidification, ozone reduction, acid rain, and a release of harmful gases, she asserts that these conditions were sufficient to have initiated the mass extinction.

Keller has specifically rejected the Alvarez hypothesis, pointing to evidence she gathered from the Chicxulub crater in 2009 revealing that twenty inches of sediment separates the impact from the extinction. The finding suggests that the impact occurred 200,000 to 300,000 years before the K-Pg extinction, a period far too large for the two to be correlated. This, however, contrasts the range of 33,000 years determined by Paul Renne in 2015, as well the more recent assertion that a tsunami generated by the impact created the unusual sediment layer. Keller additionally claims that the impact did not cause as much ecological damage as is widely believed, and she determined that many foraminifera species began to decline well before the impact event occurred. Her 2009 project revealed that the 52 species found in the sediment prior to the impact were present in the sediment following it, suggesting that the impact caused minimal extinction.

A more recent theory combining both Deccan volcanism and the impact hypothesis has been developed by teams at UC Berkeley led by Paul Renne and Mark Richards. This theory proposes that the impact itself instigated the most intense period of Deccan eruptions, both of which had devastating effects contributing to the K-Pg extinction. Renne and Richards calculated that the Chixculub impact was capable of producing seismic activity strong enough to initiate volcanic eruptions. They determined that the largest period of Deccan volcanic eruptions, or the Wai subgroup, occurred 50,000 to 100,000 years after the Chixculub impact, which is consistent with theoretical predictions modeling the length of time after which eruptions should occur. The group also confirmed that the length of time between the extinction and subsequent biological recovery was consistent with the length of Deccan volcanic activity, proposing that the eruptions paused the recovery of the marine ecosystems destroyed by the impact.

Debate regarding the cause of the K-Pg extinction has proven to be extremely controversial among researchers, and the resilience of its intensity has earned it the moniker of the "dinosaur wars." Criticism is unusually harsh, targeting not only research findings but the credibility and integrity of the scientists themselves. Verbal accusations have been thrown both by and toward many prominent researchers including Gerta Keller and Luis Alvarez, discouraging civil debate and in some cases threatening careers. Walter Alvarez is an active member of the UC Berkeley team researching the connection between Deccan volcanism and the Chicxulub impact.

2016 Chicxulub crater drilling project
In 2016, a scientific drilling project drilled deep into the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact crater, to obtain rock core samples from the impact itself. The discoveries were widely seen as confirming current theories related to both the crater impact, and its effects. They confirmed that the rock composing the peak ring had been subjected to immense pressures and forces and had been melted by immense heat and shocked by immense pressure from its usual state into its present form in just minutes; the fact that the peak ring was made of granite was also significant, since granite is not a rock found in sea-floor deposits, it originates much deeper in the Earth and had been ejected to the surface by the immense pressures of impact; that gypsum, a sulfate-containing rock that is usually present in the shallow seabed of the region, had been almost entirely removed and must therefore have been almost entirely vaporized and entered the atmosphere, and that the event was immediately followed by a huge megatsunami (a massive movement of sea waters) sufficient to lay down the largest known layer of sand separated by grain size directly above the peak ring.

These strongly support the hypothesis that the impactor was large enough to create a 120-mile peak ring, to melt, shock and eject basement granite from the mid-crust deep within the Earth, to create colossal water movements, and to eject an immense quantity of vaporized rock and sulfates into the atmosphere, where they would have persisted for a long time. This global dispersal of dust and sulfates would have led to a sudden and catastrophic effect on the climate worldwide, large temperature drops, and devastated the food chain.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Alvarez hypothesis


text:
OBO

Obo or OBO may also refer to:

As an acronym

 * Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations, in the U.S. Department of State
 * Open Biomedical Ontologies, creating controlled vocabularies
 * Oxford Bibliographies Online, by OUP
 * Operated by others, a term used in the oil and gas industry
 * Ore-bulk-oil carrier, a merchant vessel
 * Or Best Offer, usually used on items description on online auction websites.

As a code

 * Tokachi-Obihiro Airport, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan, IATA code
 * Manobo languages, ISO 639-3 code

People

 * Obo Addy (1936–2012), Ghanaian drummer and dancer
 * Obo Aba Hisanjani (born 1949), Nigerian poet

Other

 * Obo II, the first American Cocker Spaniel
 * Obo National Park, São Tomé and Príncipe
 * Obo or ovoo (Mongolian: овоо, heap), a Mongolian shrine
 * Obo, a town in the Central African Republic

title: OBO


text: Template:Footer Olympic Medalists Belgium Athletics Men


text:
Talk:Northrop X-4 Bantam

X-4 at the Air Force Academy
I was in Colorado Springs, CO, USA, on business in 1987, went by the Academy, and saw the X-4 on static display. Actually, some cadets were wheeling it around! Odd! --MWS 15:09, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

X-Men
Is the X-4 in any way related to the Me-163? She resembles a jet-propelled variant... Also, I deleted the link to "Trip" Tucker of ST:E. I really doubt he was a Northrop test pilot in 1948... Trekphiler 05:24, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

Unsourced section
I've removed the following: "In recent years, Taylor has stated he once flew the X-4 beyond Mach 1 in a dive, followed by a properly instrumented F-86 to confirm the Mach number, but the extensive test program indicated that it should have been in an out of control situation, if it could be done at all." It had a fact tag, and since the article is taken pretty much verbatim from the referenced PD source, and this sentence isn't in the source, I'm moving it here until someone comes up with a ref.  AK Radecki Speaketh  16:35, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Northrop X-4 Bantam


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Johan Peitz

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. Paul August ☎ 22:50, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

Johan Peitz
Nnb, compare with Votes for deletion/Free Lunch Design. - Fredrik | talk 15:08, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn vanity. What about Icy Tower? What is WP policy on videogames? Sdedeo 16:02, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable enough. / Alarm 08:25, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - Not notable - Tεx  τ  urε  21:04, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Shane Bourne

Shane Jerome Bourne (born 24 November 1949 in Melbourne, Victoria) is an Australian stand-up comedian, actor, musician, and television host.

Early years
Shane Jerome Bourne was born on 24 November 1949 in Melbourne. He was raised by his mother Moreen "Pixie" ( Freeman, 1915–2000), a former model, with his younger brother Dannie. Their father Stan Bourne, who was a musician and entertainer, had left the family home when Bourne was seven.

1970s
Shane Bourne co-founded an Australian pop, rock band Bandicoot in early 1976 with Mick Fettes (formerly of the band Madder Lake) both on lead vocals. The group's songs were co-written by Bourne and Fettes. Fellow musicians were his brother Dannie Bourne on keyboards or piano (from Pantha), Ross Davis on guitar, Kerry McKenna on guitar (from Madder Lake) and Gary Young on drums (ex-Daddy Cool, Hot Dog).

Bandicoot released a self-titled album in 1976 via Rainbird/Tempo, with a top-100 single "Living off the Radio" issued in March 1976. According to Australian musicologist Ian McFarlane, Bandicoot "mixed good-time rock'n'roll, blues, country and pop but failed to chart." Bandicoot toured for a year with Bourne and Fettes joined by Bruno De Stanislo on bass guitar, Mick Elliot on guitar, Peter Reed on drums and Tony Vikaris on guitar. They disbanded in May 1977.

1980s–1999
Bourne was a well-known comedic face throughout the 1980s and 1990s, with an acting role on the Australian version of the British sitcom, Are You Being Served? (in 1980 and 1981). He had regular appearances on the variety program Hey Hey It's Saturday (1988–1994) in various sketches, but mainly appeared on the Great Aussie Joke segment. He starred in the short-lived sitcom Bingles in 1992 and 1993. In 1996, Bourne hosted a revived Blankety Blanks, which lasted only two seasons.

He also had dramatic roles; he was in 3 episodes of the drama series Prisoner in the early 1980s as 3 different guest roles, and had a guest role in The Flying Doctors in 1995.

2000–present
Bourne made a change to dramatic acting and has been critically acclaimed. After a two-episode guest appearance on Blue Heelers in 2000, he took the lead role of lawyer 'Happy' Henderson (starring alongside Kerry Armstrong) in the ABC TV legal-drama series MDA. The show ended after its third season in September 2005. This show won him 2 awards. He also played a minor role in the film Kokoda, an Australia WWII film about the Kokoda Track in which he played as the battalion's doctor.

Bourne hosted the comedy television series Thank God You're Here from 2006 to 2009. When the show was revived in 2023, he was succeeded by Celia Pacquola. In 2006, he hosted How the Hell Did We Get Here?, a series that aired on ABC TV.

Bourne began acting in the Channel Seven drama series, City Homicide on 27 August 2007. He appeared on the show until its axing after season 5, in 2011.

Bourne participated in Who Do You Think You Are? in 2010. The following year, he hosted the 2011 Logie Awards. In 2012, Bourne appeared in the short-lived drama Tricky Business, that aired on Channel Nine. He also starred in the telemovie The Great Mint Swindle. In early 2014, he hosted the AACTA Awards on Channel Ten.

In June 2015, Bourne played the role of Evan Pettyman, a minor character in The Dressmaker. The same year, he also joined the fifteenth season of Dancing with the Stars as the new co-host alongside Edwina Bartholomew, replacing Daniel MacPherson.

Personal life
Bourne has a daughter, Ruby Louise Bourne (born 20 November 1990).

Awards
At the AFI Awards, in 2003 and 2005, Bourne won the 'Best Actor in a Television Drama' award for his role in MDA, and was nominated for the same award in 2002.

At the 2003 Logies, he was nominated for the 'Most Outstanding Actor' award for his role in MDA.

title: Shane Bourne


text:
User:DDerby/Ethiopian canon

The Ethiopian canon of the Scriptures is the set of writings that is considered authoritative scripture by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church.

The Canon of the Tewahedo Church is looser than for most other traditional Christian groups. The Ethiopian "narrow" Old Testament Canon includes the books found in the Septuagint accepted by the Orthodox plus Enoch, Jubilees, 1 Esdras and 2 Esdras, 3 Maccabees, and Psalm 151. However, their three books of the Maccabees are identical in title only, and quite different in content from those of the other Christian churches which include them. The order of the other books is somewhat different from other groups', as well. This Church also has a "broader canon" that includes more books.

Narrower Canon
This is the canon that is used in the Haile Salisse Version of the Bible, that was published in 1962.

 * 1) Genesis
 * 2) Exodus
 * 3) Leviticus
 * 4) Numbers
 * 5) Deuteronomy
 * 6) Joshua
 * 7) Judges
 * 8) Ruth
 * 9) Judith
 * 10) 1 Samuel
 * 11) 2 Samuel,
 * 12) 1 Kings
 * 13) 2 Kings
 * 14) 1 Chronicles
 * 15) 2 Chronicles, Prayer of Manasseh
 * 16) 1 Esdras (Ezra)
 * 17) 2 Esdras (Nehemiah)
 * 18) 3 Esdras
 * 19) Ezra Sutu'el (4 Esdras 3-14)
 * 20) Greek Esther
 * 21) Tobit
 * 22) 1 Meqabyan
 * 23) 2 Meqabyan
 * 24) 3 Meqabyan
 * 25) Job
 * 26) Psalms, Psalm 151
 * 27) Messalë (Proverbs 1 - 24)
 * 28) Täagsas (Proverbs 25 - 31)
 * 29) Wisdom of Solomon
 * 30) Ecclesiastes
 * 31) Song of Solomon
 * 32) Sirach (Ecclesiasticus)
 * 33) Isaiah
 * 34) Jeremiah (Jeremiah 1 - 52)
 * 35) Säqoqawä Eremyas (Lamentations)
 * 36) Baruch (Baruch 1-5)
 * 37) Epistle of Jeremiah
 * 38) Ezekiel
 * 39) Daniel
 * 40) Song of the Three Young Men, Susanna, Bel and the Dragon
 * 41) Hosea
 * 42) Amos
 * 43) Micah
 * 44) Joel
 * 45) Obadiah
 * 46) Jonah
 * 47) Nahum
 * 48) Habakkuk
 * 49) Zephaniah
 * 50) Haggai
 * 51) Zacariah
 * 52) Malachi
 * 53) Enoch
 * 54) Jubilees
 * 55) Matthew
 * 56) Mark
 * 57) Luke
 * 58) John
 * 59) Acts
 * 60) Romans
 * 61) 1 Corinthians
 * 62) 2 Corinthians
 * 63) Galatians
 * 64) Ephesians
 * 65) Philippians
 * 66) Collossians
 * 67) 1 Thessalonians
 * 68) 2 Thessalonians
 * 69) 1 Timothy
 * 70) 2 Timothy
 * 71) Titus
 * 72) Philemon
 * 73) Hebrews
 * 74) James
 * 75) 1 Peter
 * 76) 2 Peter
 * 77) 1 John
 * 78) 2 John
 * 79) 3 John
 * 80) Jude
 * 81) Revelation

Broader Canon

 * 1) Genesis
 * 2) Exodus
 * 3) Leviticus
 * 4) Numbers
 * 5) Deuteronomy
 * 6) Joshua
 * 7) Judges
 * 8) Ruth
 * 9) Judith
 * 10) 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 Kings, 2 Kings
 * 11) 1 Chronicles, 2 Chronicles, Prayer of Manasseh
 * 12) 1 Esdras (Ezra)
 * 13) 2 Esdras (Nehemiah)
 * 14) 3 Esdras, Ezra Sutu'el (4 Esdras 3-14)
 * 15) Greek Esther
 * 16) Tobit
 * 17) 1 Meqabyan
 * 18) 2 Meqabyan, 3 Meqabyan
 * 19) Job
 * 20) Psalms, Psalm 151
 * 21) Messalë (Proverbs 1 - 24)
 * 22) Täagsas (Proverbs 25 - 31)
 * 23) Wisdom of Solomon
 * 24) Ecclesiastes
 * 25) Song of Solomon
 * 26) Isaiah
 * 27) Jeremiah (Jeremiah 1 - 52)
 * 28) Säqoqawä Eremyas (Lamentations, Epistle of Jeremiah)
 * 29) Baruch (Baruch 1-5)
 * 30) Ezekiel
 * 31) Daniel (Daniel, Song of the Three Young Men, Susanna, Bel and the Dragon)
 * 32) Hosea
 * 33) Amos
 * 34) Micah
 * 35) Joel
 * 36) Obadiah
 * 37) Jonah
 * 38) Nahum
 * 39) Habakkuk
 * 40) Zephaniah
 * 41) Haggai
 * 42) Zacariah
 * 43) Malachi
 * 44) Sirach (Ecclesiasticus)
 * 45) Jubilees
 * 46) Enoch
 * 47) Matthew
 * 48) Mark
 * 49) Luke
 * 50) John
 * 51) Acts
 * 52) Romans
 * 53) 1 Corinthians
 * 54) 2 Corinthians
 * 55) Galatians
 * 56) Ephesians
 * 57) Philippians
 * 58) Collossians
 * 59) 1 Thessalonians
 * 60) 2 Thessalonians
 * 61) 1 Timothy
 * 62) 2 Timothy
 * 63) Titus
 * 64) Philemon
 * 65) Hebrews
 * 66) James
 * 67) 1 Peter
 * 68) 2 Peter
 * 69) 1 John
 * 70) 2 John
 * 71) 3 John
 * 72) Jude
 * 73) Revelation
 * 74) 1 Book of the Covenant (Mäshafä Kidan 1 - 60)
 * 75) 2 Book of the Covenant (Mäshafä Kidan 61)
 * 76) Didesqelya
 * 77) 1 Sinodos (Ser`atä Seyon)
 * 78) 2 Sinodos (Te'ezaz)
 * 79) 3 Sinodos (Gessew)
 * 80) 4 Sinodos (Abtelis)
 * 81) Qälëmentos

title: User:DDerby/Ethiopian canon


text:
Vise

A vise or vice (British English) is a mechanical apparatus used to secure an object to allow work to be performed on it. Vises have two parallel jaws, one fixed and the other movable, threaded in and out by a screw and lever. The jaws are often flat but may have grooves, adapt to the shape of the workpiece or be custom made.

A vise grip is not a vise but a pair of lever-actuated locking pliers.

Etymology
The etymology of vise can be tracked via Middle English vys Anglo-French vyz from Latin vitis "vine". The tight grip of the mechanical device was likened to that of the twines of the plant.

Face

A face vise is the standard woodworking vise, always securely attached to a workbench flush with its work surface. Its jaws are made of wood or metal, the latter usually faced with wood, called cheeks, to avoid marring the work. The movable jaw may include a retractable dog to hold work against a bench dog.

A "quick-release" woodworker's vise employs a split nut that allows the screw to engage or disengage with a half-turn of the handle. When disengaged the movable jaw may be moved in or out throughout its entire range of motion, vastly speeding up the process of adjustment. Common thread types are Acme and buttress.

Traditional woodworking workbench vises are commonly either face vises, attached to the front of the workbench near the left end of its long side (for a right-handed worker), or end (or tail) vises, attached to or forming part of the right side of the narrow end of the bench.

Engineer's

An engineer's vise, also known as a metalworking vise, machinist's vise, or, informally, a "bench vise", is used to clamp metal instead of wood. It is used to hold metal when filing or cutting. It is sometimes made of cast steel or malleable cast iron, but most are made of cast iron. The jaws are often separate and replaceable, usually engraved with serrated or diamond teeth. Soft jaw covers made of aluminum, copper, wood (for woodworking) or plastic may be used to protect delicate work. The jaw opening of an engineer's vise generally equals its jaw width, though it may be wider.

An engineer's vise is bolted onto the top surface of a workbench, with the face of the fixed jaw just forward of its front edge. The vise may include other features such as a small anvil on the back of its body. Most engineer's vises have a swivel base. Some engineer's vises marketed as "homeowner grade" are made of pot metal or a very low grade of iron. Many homeowner's bench vises have an exposed screw.

Combination
A combination-vise combines an engineer-style vise with a subsidiary set of curved serrated jaws below the main for clamping pipe. A pivoting base is standard.

Clamp-on
A clamp-on vise is a light-duty bench vise secured to a board, table, or bench by a vise-type screw on its base which rarely is able to pivot.

Vacuum-mounted

A vacuum-mounted vise is a small engineer's vise secured by a suction cup base and is typically used by hobbyists for very light-duty work.

Machine
Machine vises are mounted on drill presses, grinding machines and milling machines. Abrasive chop saws have a coarse-threaded or cam-actuated machine-type vise built into the saw.

Pipe
A pipe vise is used by a plumber to hold pipes for threading and cutting. There are two main styles, yoke and chain. The yoke uses a top-mounted screw to clamp the pipe between two fixed angled jaws at its base; the chain style secures the pipe by wrapping it within a chain designed to adjust to length by link, tightened by a cam lever.

Other

Other kinds of vises include:
 * Hand vise
 * Compound slide vise; a more complex machine vise. It allows speed and precision in the placement of the work.
 * Cross vise, which can be adjusted using leadscrews in the X and Y axes; these are useful if many holes need to be drilled in the same workpiece using a drill press. Compare router table.
 * Off-center vise
 * Angle vise, with two jaws closing against a right angle
 * Sine vise, which use gauge blocks to set up a highly accurate angle
 * Rotary vise
 * Diemakers' vise
 * Saw vise – used for sharpening hand saws
 * Pin vise (for holding thin, long cylindrical objects by one end, or used as a drill (scale modeler's pin vise))
 * Jewellers' vise
 * Fly tying vise, used to secure fishing hook in fly tying
 * Leg vise or post vise, which is attached to a bench but also supported from the ground so as to be stable under very heavy use, as by an auto body repairperson or blacksmith
 * Shaker broom vise
 * Rigging vise, otherwise known as a triangle vise or splicing vise, which has three jaws. Used to close thimbles and splice rope, cable, and wire rope.
 * Mantle Vise, more recently referred to as a Fractal Vise, used to hold workpieces with complex forms
 * Adaptive jaw vise, uses ball bearings to adapt the shape of the jaws to the workpiece
 * Magnetic vise
 * Vertical vise

title: Vise


text:
User:Copydeskcat

Copydeskcat contributes to the following entries:

left handed Celtic F.C. IQ

title: User:Copydeskcat


text:
Politics of Andhra Pradesh

The Politics of Andhra Pradesh take place in the context of a bicameral parliamentary system within the Constitutional framework of India. The main parties in the state are the Telugu Desam Party (TDP), Jana Sena Party (JSP) and YSR Congress Party (YSRCP). Other parties that have small presence in the state include the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Indian National Congress (INC) and Left parties.

N. Chandrababu Naidu is the incumbent Chief Minister.

United Andhra Pradesh
The States Reorganisation Commission was appointed to prepare for the creation of states on linguistic lines. Thus, merging the Telugu-speaking region of Hyderabad State (Telangana) with Telugu-speaking state of Andhra state, the Central Government, established a unified Andhra Pradesh on 1 November 1956.

1953–1983
The Indian National Congress party won all the state elections from the emergence of the state on 1 October 1953 till 1983. Projects like Nagarjuna Sagar and Srisailam Dams were constructed during this time. There were ten different Chief Ministers from the formation of the state in 1956 till 1983.

Telangana movement
Marri Chenna Reddy formed the Telangana Praja Samithi party to lead the Telangana movement. In November 1969, there was a major split in the party which eventually led to the downfall of the movement. He resigned his position to make room for a leader from Telangana to become the Chief Minister. On 30 September 1971, P. V. Narasimha Rao became the Chief Minister.

Jai Andhra movement
Jai Andhra movement is a 1972 political movement in support for the creation of Andhra state in the light of injustices felt by the people of the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema Regions. This was after the HC and SC upheld the Mulki rules in existence at the time. This disenfranchised a vast majority of the population of the state from obtaining jobs in their own state capital. In ensuing protests and police firing eight people were killed. Over 400 people sacrificed their lives for the movement. One of the main opinions expressed was "Development is seen only in and around Hyderabad and it is time the coastal districts also develop rapidly".

Removal of Mulkhi rules and all other demands were met and a six-point formula was put in place. After nine ministers from Seemandhra region in the P. V. Narasimha Rao cabinet resigned, he had to resign as Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh on 10 January 1973, and President's rule was imposed in the state.

1983–1989
In 1983, N. T. Rama Rao (NTR), a popular Telugu actor, established his Telugu Desam Party (Telugu Desam, meaning Land of Telugus) with the support of people's dissent arising out of frequent changes in chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. He ran on a platform of "Telugu Pride". Within nine months of its founding, Telugu Desam was voted to power and NTR became the first "Non-Congress" Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh.

Nadendla Bhaskara Rao broke with the party and formed a state government with the help of the opposition Congress(I). However his government lasted only 31 days as he did not command a majority in the Assembly. NTR was reinstated to power on 16 September 1984.

1989–1994
The Congress returned to power when Marri Chenna Reddy was sworn in for his second term as Chief Minister on 3 December 1989.The Congress lasted in power until the elections of 1994.

1994–2004
In the elections of 1994, N. T. Rama Rao's Telugu Desam Party ran advocating prohibition of alcohol in response to a women's movement. He had then recently married his second wife Lakshmi Parvathi. NTR's campaign focused on the rural areas which won him a significant majority in the state elections of 1995.

When NTR became the Chief Minister in 1994, he appointed one of his sons-in-law Nara Chandrababu Naidu as the Revenue Minister. Soon after the formation of the government, Naidu took the MLAs of NTR Cabinet in Viceroy Hotel, Hyderabad and convinced them to support him in order to save the TDP. NTR was dethroned and the TDP's leadership passed on to Chandrababu Naidu faction. The new NTR TDP (LP) party was formed by Lakshmi Parvati after NTR's death on 18 January 1996 in order to challenge Naidu's TDP. Chandrababu Naidu's TDP won the next elections with a huge majority.

2004–2009
Under Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy (YSR), the Indian National Congress party won the 2004 elections as part of a coalition with TRS. During the run-up to the 2004 elections, Y.S Rajasekhara Reddy was able to bring a common platform and mutual agreement within the Andhra Pradesh unit of the Congress. His campaign took form of a three-month-long "padhayatra" or journey on foot. The elections resulted in the defeat of the then-ruling Telugu Desam Party under the leadership of N. Chandrababu Naidu. The Congress also won the municipal elections in 2005, district local body elections in 2006, and Panchayat Elections in 2006.

2009–2014
In the 2009 Andhra Pradesh general election the Indian National Congress under the leadership of YSR won a simple majority by winning 156 of 294 assembly seats. Telugu Desam Party gained a few more assembly seats than the previous election. Praja Rajyam Party founded by Chiranjeevi won 16% of the votes. The TRS and the Left parties in combination won less than 7% of the votes. Lok Satta Party won its first Assembly seat and captured more than 1% vote share.

As Rajasekhara Reddy died on 2 September 2009 in a helicopter crash, K. Rosaiah of the Indian National Congress took charge as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh. However Rosaiah resigned as Chief Minister on health grounds on 24 November 2010. The next day, Chief Minister Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy of Indian National Congress took charges as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh.

Telangana movement
Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao(KCR) started Telangana Rashtra Samithi(TRS) party in 2001 to lead the second phase of the Telangana movement which reached its peak during the period 2009–2014. This resulted in carving of the Telangana state on 2 June 2014. There was unsuccessful counter agitation in Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra regions to stop the partition of the state.

2014–2019
On 2 June 2014 the aftermath of 14th Assembly general election, Telugu Desam Party won 104 seats out of 175 Seats. Telugu Actor turned politician Pawan Kalyan supported Bharatiya Janata Party-Telugu Desam Party coalition and N. Chandrababu Naidu became the first Chief Minister of bifurcated Andhra Pradesh defeating Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy of YSR Congress Party.

2019–2024
In the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, the Telugu Desam Party contested alone, without any alliance. The Indian National Congress was earlier split into the INC and YSR Congress Party led by Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy. Jana Sena Party led by Pawan Kalyan also participated with an alliance with the CPI, CPI(M) and BSP. The TDP won only 23 seats while the YSR Congress Party swept the elections with a majority of 151 seats. Its leader Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy became the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh on 30 May 2019. Jana Sena Party won only 1 seat with 5.43% vote share in the state.

2024 to present
In the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, the TDP formed an alliance with the JSP and BJP under the NDA alliance. The NDA secured a sweeping victory with a majority of 164 seats, while the incumbent YSRCP managed to win only 11 out of 175 seats, failing to secure the role of opposition in the state. N. Chandrababu Naidu, leader of the TDP and the three-time Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, assumed the office for the fourth time on 12 June 2024. The JSP, which won all the 21 seats they contested, got its leader Pawan Kalyan appointed as Deputy Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh.

title: Politics of Andhra Pradesh


text:
Category:Canadian anthropologists

Canadian anthropologists.

title: Category:Canadian anthropologists


text: Category:Economy of the United Kingdom

title: Category:Economy of the United Kingdom


text:
User talk:Pypex

Hello, no one talks to me :) My wikirants have been moved here

Brakspear
There are two Brakspear entries. One is for the old brewery company which sold off the brewery building and the beer brand names, but kept the pub chain. The other is for Refresh UK who bought the rights to the brand names.

I suppose there needs to be a disambiguation page to sort things out. But I'm not yet clear on how to use those.

Real Ale v Cask Ale
I have made an attempt to tidy up and make clear the distinction between the two. I thought the situation was clearer now.

I think I made one change on an American brewer which I admit is out of my knowledge, but that was due to the original comment leading to a blind link. I made an assumption that the person meant cask ale rather than real ale, but of course I could have been totally wrong. It is not my intention to work in areas I don't know, and that was just a one off. I will certainly stick to my own specialty in future.

Just to clarify the situation regarding Real Ale and Cask Ale. Real Ale is a term used by CAMRA and refers to beer still on the yeast and not served under pressure and using traditional ingredients. It's a confusing and misleading term often misunderstood, even by CAMRA members themselves. Cask Ale and Bottle Conditioned are terms more commonly used throughout the world and are more specific. I'll look again at the descriptions to see if they need any more work.

Cheers!

SilkTork 17:24, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Ah! I looked again at your comment. Just to clarify - Wychwood bottled beers are not Real Ale: they are filtered and artificially carbonated. I'm not finished with editing that brewery. There is plenty of work to be done!

SilkTork 17:32, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Brakspear
Hi, just to let you know, User:SilkTork made further changes to Brakspear since you reverted his previous changes. I'm not following that particular article, so I don't know if you came to some understanding, but I thought I'd bring it to your intention if there's still some ongoing disagreement. Hope this helps! --Daniel11 20:52, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I dont really agree with the page splitting as its not "the done thing" but he seems to know far more than I do when it comes to breweries so im not going to contest, it can allways be re-merged when the pages are more a bit more static.--Pypex 16:59, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

Photographic film
Sorry about removing your table, I always feel reluctant to remove good information, as opposed to vandalism or something that's just wrong. I felt that the Photographic film article was not the place for that info, especially since it was already in the film speed article. As noted elsewhere in the article, the ISO/ASA/DIN/GOST ratings don't apply to UV, IR, X-ray and other films. If you have a problem with the film speed  article or the table, then edit them. I still feel the information is too specific for the photographic film article. Imroy 00:53, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

Beer categories
It has been suggested by User:BrianSmithson that the Beer and brewery categories should be renamed. The proposal has been supported by User:Syrthiss, and supported and expanded by myself. The notion is that the regional categories should follow the format of "Beer and breweries in Africa" /Europe/Asia/North America/South America/Oceania. "Brewers and breweries" could also be renamed "Beer and breweries by region". And all the countries should also be renamed (and merged if needed) as, for example, "Beer and breweries of Germany", "Beer and breweries of Britain", "Beer and breweries of Poland". The word in each case would be beer rather than beers to allow for general articles on beer culture in each region as well as individual beers.

Comments, suggestions, objections and simple votes to Wiki Beer Project SilkTork 14:53, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Complaints against me
Hi Pypex. You may remember you sent me a message when I first joined Wikipedia about my edits to references to real ale and cask ale, and to edits I did in the Brakspear article. You were not happy with my edits. I sent you a message explaining what I was doing, but I have not got a reply saying if you were satisfied with my explanations, or if this was still an issue for you. I had always assumed that you were content, but a number of other editors are now saying that they are not happy with my editing style. It has been pointed out to me that I have a history of complaints against me, so I am going through those complaints to explore the issues, to see how I can improve. Any feedback you can give me would be appreciated. Cheers! SilkTork 17:44, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your reply. I loved your comments, which I tend to agree with rather more than I care to admit! When I read "a twat run bureaucracy" I nearly sprayed coffee all over my screen! If you ever need assistance with anything you can always call on me. Thanks. SilkTork 09:53, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Brewery poll
Your vote/opinion on brewery notability is requested here: SilkTork 12:00, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Talk:B&Q
Hi, I noticed that another user deleted a comment you made on B&Q's talk page some time ago and that you then re-added the deleted information. You may not be aware but the annonymous user was acting within Wikipedia guidelines by removing general conversation about the article's subject, which is discouraged on talk pages. To that end I have again deleted your comments. Please refer to the talk page guidelines if you have any reservations about the use of talk pages. Regards, RaseaC (talk) 19:16, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

I feel my comments were relevant to the discussion of staff discounting, although it may not be worded as such. Please do not remove my comments from talk pages in future.--Pypex (talk) 00:03, 8 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately you are wrong. Irreleveant comments have no place on Wikipedia, leave them out. Your comments have again been reverted by a third user, please refrain from re-adding them. RaseaC (talk) 19:00, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

Beer category decision
A discussion has been opened on changes that have been made to the existing Beer category system. The changes reverse the decision made by the Project in April 2006. The changes were based on agreement by only two people, and by a discussion that took place outside the Beer Project. There may be some merit in the changes, and to prevent future conflict it is important that there is some discussion of the matter. If you're interested, please see Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Beer.  SilkTork  *YES! 17:48, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

Historic Coventry edit-a-thon at Herbert Art Gallery and Museum, Coventry
Delivered by MessageDeliveryBot on behalf of GLAM/HAGAM at 20:47, 7 March 2012 (UTC).

Proposed deletion of Audience scanning

The article Audience scanning has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Not notable, unreferenced, original research"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Kkmurray (talk) 03:03, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Liquid sky (effect)

The article Liquid sky (effect) has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Not notable"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Kkmurray (talk) 03:09, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pypex


text:
Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage

Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage is a sanctuary for chimpanzees, located in Zambia's Copperbelt Province. Chimfunshi started as a family-run wildlife orphanage, and today Chimfunshi is managed by a board of trustees to ensure the long-term sustainability of the sanctuary. Chimfunshi was founded in 1983 when a game ranger brought a badly wounded infant chimpanzee to the cattle ranch of David and Sheila Siddle. The Siddles nursed that chimp – named "Pal" – back to health, thereby establishing a tradition of care and respect that forms the legacy of the sanctuary. Once word of Pal's recovery spread, the Siddles were inundated with orphaned chimpanzees. Although many of the chimpanzees were confiscated from poachers who attempted to smuggle the infants into Zambia for sale as pets, an equally large number were rescued from dilapidated zoos and circuses from all over Africa, Asia, Europe and South America. With over 145 chimpanzees, Chimfunshi is now one of the largest chimpanzee sanctuaries in the world.

The orphanage is home to other rescued animals such as baboons, vervet monkeys, parrots, antelopes, owls, buzzards, sheep, and peacocks.

Chimfunshi is recognized as an “Important Bird Area” (IBA #22), an area recognized as being a globally important habitat for the conservation of bird populations. Chimfunshi is one of about 10,000 IBAs worldwide. Some of the species that can be found at Chimfunshi are: pale-billed hornbill, coppery tailed coucal, Miombo Scrub robin, red-capped Crombec, white-headed black chat, chestnut-backed Sparrow-Weaver, and broad-tailed Paradise-Whydah.

Located 65 km west of Chingola on the banks of the Kafue River, the orphanage is a tourist attraction for those living in the Copperbelt towns and for international visitors to Zambia. Chimpanzees are not found in the wild in Zambia, the nearest populations are about 500 km north of Chimfunshi, but wildlife smuggling routes out of the Congo pass through Zambia.

The sanctuary is a member of the Pan African Sanctuary Alliance.

In 2002, Sheila Siddle published her autobiography, In My Family Tree: A Life With Chimpanzees, to widespread acclaim. The Siddles were awarded the Jane Goodall Award for establishing Chimfunshi.

Research
Chimfunshi has evolved into a major centre for education and research. The sanctuary offers the unique opportunity to observe the complex social behaviour of chimpanzees in their almost natural habitat and in large social groups. It also allows a number of social and educational projects in the field and a chance to get to know the people and culture of Zambia.

Animal welfare and research thus complement each other perfectly: primate researchers from around the world come to Chimfunshi to investigate the chimpanzees’ social behavior, communication and cognition. Scientists conduct observational studies while learning about the daily lives of people in an African country. In addition to observations of the chimpanzees that teach some students the methods of behavioural research, field trips are offered to investigate the unique flora and fauna of Zambia.

The Education Center at Chimfunshi not only attracts international primate researchers but also students from America and Europe, as well as school classes and their teachers from Zambia. Chimfunshi works closely and regularly with scientists from the Max Planck Institutes for Evolutionary Anthropology (Leipzig, Germany), and for Psycholinguistics (Nijmegen, Netherlands), the Free University of Berlin, and Gonzaga University's fh in the U.S.

Volunteering
Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage and their partner, African Impact, offer a volunteer program for supporters. Volunteers help care for chimpanzees through behavioural enrichment activities, infrastructure development and community farming initiatives.

title: Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Web Rage

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Woohookitty 08:09, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Web Rage

 * Neologism rage. Lomn smash!  Delete Merge per Tony. — Lomn | Talk / RfC 15:15:39, 2005-08-25 (UTC)
 * I was skeptical until I read One frustrated IT manager admitted to smashing up his £2,500 laptop after a web page failed to recognise his personal details after six attempts. — Lomn | Talk / RfC 18:42:53, 2005-08-25 (UTC)

 * delete as neologism. Brighterorange 15:25, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * delete as neologism. Extreme Unction 15:28, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Road rage. If this is a neologism it's been around for at least two three years, per Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk 15:30, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Ahem. What year is it now?  Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk

 * Merge as per Tony, but rephrase to be a bit more encyclopedic, and of course lose the Canada joke (BJAODN if you wish). --IByte 15:55, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Indeed. Road Rage Road rage could be expanded with "terms derived from" - I've also heard "Trolley Rage" quite widely used (people losing it in supermarkets, usually for minor reasons) for instance. When I have the time... Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk 16:10, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I think some dab headers on Road Rage and Road rage would be good too. I know, I know,  Tonywalton [[Image:Pentacle_1.svg|15px]] | Talk

 * Delete, or include Dripping Tap Rage, Tiny Screwdriver Rage, Self-promoting Neologism Rage, etc. etc. Sdedeo 20:16, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I've heard 'Trolley Rage', too. And let us not forget 'Air Rage' - didn't one of the guys from REM have an issue with this? (Peter Buck?) But they're all offshoots of road rage, and a section there titled "Terms derived from 'road rage'" would cover these nicely.  Merge per Tony, leave a redirect. Proto t c 09:33, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. I don't see any value in keeping this or merging with another article. --NormanEinstein 12:00, August 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, delete, delete!! Or my Rage Rage will go critical mass and scatter neologistic fallout over all of Wikipedia!!! ;) Cheers, Madmagic 21:36, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Woodridge, Illinois

Cook County Land
I don't think woodridge has any land in cook county. Where is it? Unless my map is outdated, I don't see anything near Lemont (and I don't know where else it would be) that's in cook county. Ybbor

Yeah, I don't buy the Woodridge in Cook County, either. I've been meaning to call the Village Hall and just straight up ask them.

Cypress Cove
Cypress Cove is on woodridge land; if it belonged to bolingbrook woodridge wouldn't be connected to its land in the southeast that runs the will county-DuPage county border. Ybbor 13:16, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Cook County
Yes, Woodridge has a sliver of roadway in Cook County as the result of an annexation on Bluff Road. The Village Hall can confirm this.
 * https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=41.685488&mlon=-88.013437#map=19/41.68532/-88.01286 Jidanni (talk) 09:52, 24 September 2023 (UTC)

And Cypress Cove and its attached soccer fields are also in Woodridge proper, as the border in the east side of Janes runs up to the Com ED facility.

Picture?
Does anyone have a good picture that could accompany this article? Perhaps of Village Hall, or the new library?
 * Or perhpas of the village flag? --YbborT 02:55, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Changed income values?
Somebody edited all the income values for the village and increased them pretty dramatically. Is there a source on this? Some of those values seem really fishy to me. I find it hard to believe the median income is over $101,000. Unless somebody has a reliable source for those numbers, I propose reverting them.

Okay, I'm changing all the income values to match those found on the CNN Money site [|//money.cnn.com/best/bpretire/snapshots/41462.html].

re:changed income values: this happened again, also with no source. Of all the information, only the median household income is provided. I have no idea where anybody got anything else. And the information that is provided is contrary to the village's own community profile, although that could be because of differences between average and median. Ybbor 22:10, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Could this be some weird racist thing? The same IP address (24.15.173.210) keeps removing the little blurb about Woodridge's racial diversity and subsequently increasing the income values. Should we revert to previous values, or can you find a reliable, current source for the income data?

24.15.173.210 did it again! Is there a way s/he can be blocked from editing this article?

Additions
It might be worth noting the specific day the town was incorporated. I don't remember offhand, but it was August twentysomethingth, 1959 (24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, or 28th I think). It might also be worth noting the 6 elementary schools in a bullet list like:
 * Goodrich Elementary School
 * Edgewood Elementary School
 * etc
 * etc.

Jefferson should probably be revised to be the school's proper name, Thomas Jefferson Jr. High School. Might also want to note William F. Murphy Elementary School was called Woodridge School from when it was built to whenever they changed the name. Not sure if any other schools had their name changed in their history. It would probably be best to list the elementary schools by population size or when they were built.

And another person on the talk page mentioned having an image represent the town, mentioning maybe the village hall or the library. Maybe this can be debated, but I think maybe a photo of the small lake and the rec center/activity center (the one just across the street from the village hall/library, north/northwest) might be more fitting since the library was renovated in the last 10 years and the new city hall was built as well and their architectural appearance kind of stands in contrast to the rest of the town.

Oh yeah, and one more thought. Its probably worth noting the origin of the name Woodridge. Someone can probably find the source for this, but it was because the oldest cluster of houses are built high up on the hill overlooking what I presume is Greene Valley (the giant dip seen if driving down 75th St between I-355 and Naperville). It was originally wooded and on high land, therefore, "wood ridge". --Thirdmoon 05:12, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Education
Someone should probably clean up the (poorly thrown together) education section and instead list all the school districts. (You left mine out, District 66 (Prarieview, Lakeview, Elizabeth Ide)!) 24.15.182.247 07:29, 15 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Quite frankly, you're a much better source about disrict 66 than any of the rest of us are: sofixit! Thank you for your suggestion! When you feel an article needs improvement, please feel free to make those changes. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit almost any article by simply following the  link at the top. You don't even need to log in (although there are many reasons why you might want to).  The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold in updating pages. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes — they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. New contributors are always welcome.--YbborTalk  19:02, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

Someone should add the history of Goodrich School. I went there and its the oldest school in the area. It was originally only four rooms and over the years massive expansions have occurred. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Parzy12 (talk • contribs) 07:06, 2 August 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Woodridge, Illinois


text:
Bear Rocks Preserve

Bear Rocks is a widely recognized symbol of West Virginia wilderness and among the most frequently photographed places in the state. It is a well-known landmark on the eastern edge of the plateau that includes the Dolly Sods Wilderness. It sits in a high-elevation heathland punctuated with wind-carved sandstone outcrops and is home to more than a dozen rare plant and animal species. Situated on the crest of the Allegheny Front, Bear Rocks afford vistas over the South Branch Potomac River. Visibility can extend eastward to the Shenandoah National Park in Virginia.

The Bear Rocks Preserve is a 477 acre tract owned and preserved by The Nature Conservancy.

Location
Bear Rocks consists of a group of rock outcroppings on the Allegheny Front, an escarpment that in this area provides about two thousand feet of vertical relief and forms the Eastern Continental Divide. To the east, looking out over the South Branch of the Potomac River, which drains into the Atlantic Ocean via the Chesapeake Bay, there are breathtaking 35 mi views where seven mountain ridges are visible on a clear day extending into Virginia. On the clearest days you can see Hawksbill Mountain and Stony Man, the highest peaks in Shenandoah National Park. To the west, water drains into Dolly Sods towards Red Creek, which eventually flows to the Gulf of Mexico via the Dry Fork River, Black Fork, Cheat, Mongahela, Ohio and Mississippi River. Farther north along the ridge of the Front are two more salients, Stack Rocks and Haystack Rocks.

Climate
Bear Rocks is known for its cool climate, alpine appearance and northern wildlife. Strong prevailing winds bring clouds from the west. While rising to clear the ridge of the Allegheny Front they cool, causing mist and rain totaling more than 60 in per year. During the winter of 2003, 290 in of snow fell in the area, although 160 in is more typical. The trees and shrubs become broken downward and gnarled along the ridge from the drying winds, the chilling rime frost and the heavy ice glazing and snow. Along the rim are stunted red spruce trees with flag-formed limbs pointing to the east – a result of the almost constant and often high-velocity winds.

Ecology
One-quarter to one-half (400 to 800 m) a mile below the ridge lies a moist forest of red spruce and hemlock, with a floor blanketed in ferns, mountain laurel and rhododendron thickets. But on the broad ridge top where the climate is the most severe, the lush vegetation gives way to stunted, scattered trees, open heath land, and tundra plants left over from the ice ages.

Many of the plants and animals here are typically found in the North, such as snowshoe hare, saw-whet owls, boreal red-backed voles, and fisher. It is also a prime raptor and warbler-watching site during autumn migration and a popular berry-picking spot in midsummer.

The area around Bear Rocks supports subalpine heathlands dominated by shrubs such as blueberries, huckleberries, mountain laurel, azalea, and rhododendron. Groves of stunted red spruce, flagged by ice and wind, outcrops of the Pottsville conglomerate, grassy meadows, and cranberry bogs also occur. There are stunted small groves of red spruce trying to make a tortured comeback here and there in the wind and coldheath barrens of huckleberries, blueberries, mountain laurel, mountain holly, speckled alder and other waist-high plants. In several places the heath barrens, also called "huckleberry plains" or "roaring plains", give way to natural balds of mountain oat grass that predate the devastation wrought by logging and fires during the late 19th century.

Geology
Large, striking and uniquely shaped white sandstone and quartz rocks are found throughout the Bear Rocks Preserve area. Erosion has carved bowl-shaped cavities in many of these wind- and rain-sculpted sandstone boulders and these cavities are often filled with water (or ice) and algae. In addition to the sculpted boulders are "rock streams" formed during glacial periods. The freeze-thaw cycles heaved and split rock, creating rock streams up to 50 ft wide and hundreds of feet long. Other rock patterns include polygons and circles.

Other information
Informal trails weave across the Bear Rocks Preserve. An extensive trail system occurs on the adjacent national forest lands, including the Dolly Sods Wilderness.

Bear Rocks' natural heathlands and open grass balds were originally recorded in 1746 by a survey party that included Peter Jefferson, father of Thomas Jefferson.

title: Bear Rocks Preserve


text:
Floriade (Netherlands)

Floriade was an international exhibition and garden festival, held every 10 years in the Netherlands. All the Floriades were World Horticultural Expositions and they were listed as A1 category exhibitions by the International Association of Horticultural Producers and hence recognised by the Bureau International des Expositions. The last event, Floriade 2022, was held in Almere.

History
Prior to the Floriade in the Netherlands, flower and garden shows were called Flora Exhibitions held at Groenendaal park in Heemstede in 1925, 1935 and 1953, and earlier in 1910 in the Haarlemmerhout in Haarlem. The first Floriade was held in Rotterdam in Het Park with the Euromast observation tower being erected to mark the event.

Organization
The Floriade was coordinated by the Dutch Horticultural Council which was founded in 1908 and aims to strengthen the image of the Dutch horticulture and to promote exports. The Floriade's location varied and it was awarded to a city after a bidding phase.

1992 Zoetermeer
The 1992 Floriade was held in Zoetermeer and ran from 9 April to 10 October. The event was held on converted pasture outside the newtown of Zoetermeer, covered 168 acres and had participants from more than 20 countries.

2002 Haarlemmermeer
The 2002 Floriade was held in Haarlemmermeer with a theme of Contribution of Horticulture in the quality of life in the 21st century. It ran from 5 April to 20 October, covered 65 ha and had 30 participating countries

2012 Venlo Floriade
The Floriade 2012 was held from 5 April to 7 October 2012, in Venlo. The sixth Floriade and nineteenth AIPH world horticultural exposition, the Floriade spanned 66 acres and hosted 25 countries.

2022 Almere
The Floriade 2022 was held in Almere with the masterplan designed by MVRDV.

title: Floriade (Netherlands)


text:
Floriade (Canberra)

Floriade is a flower and entertainment festival held annually in Canberra's Commonwealth Park on the shores of Lake Burley Griffin. It features extensive displays of flowering bulbs with integrated sculptures and other artistic features. Floriade comes from the Latin word floriat, which means to design with flowers.

The festival attracts tourists from around Australia and overseas in spring from mid September to mid October each year, and is considered the most important regular event for tourism in the Australian Capital Territory. It is also called "Australia's Celebration of Spring". After some controversy regarding an entry charge, admission to Floriade has been free for a number of years. When the main event at Commonwealth Park was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the plants were instead placed at over 100 separate sites across Canberra in an event dubbed Floriade: Reimagined. A similar flower distribution is planned for 2021 after the event was again cancelled.

Origin
Floriade was the idea of Christiaan Slotemaker de Bruine, Landscape Architect with the Department of Capital Territory in Canberra. He commenced the design in 1986 and based it on the world famous 'Keukenhof' garden in The Netherlands. He orchestrated the construction with Peter Sutton, Holticulturist and Manager of Commonwealth Gardens. He arranged the marketing, sculptures, live music, the purchase of bulbs, entertainment, lifting of bulb quarantine quotas as well as the design. Together with Sutton, they built the design on the site of Commonwealth Park with the help of City Parks staff.

The design concept of the first event was 'multiculturalism of the Nation' and included Dutch and Aboriginal floral layouts. de Bruine obtained sponsorship from the Embassy of the Netherlands and the Bicentennial Authority. Sutton and de Bruine continued their successful partnership for the next two years, 1989 and 1990.

Chronology
Floriade started in 1988 as a one off celebration of Canberra's 75th birthday and Australia's Bicentenary of European settlement. Due to the success and popularity of the event it has run with a new theme every year, although in 2020 the centralised event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In 2020 due to the cancellation of the Commonwealth Park event, scheduled for 12 September to 11 October, the one million bulbs and annuals that would typically be on display were distributed over 130 different sites to create a Tulip Trail through Canberra's suburbs and city for Floriade: Reimagined. Around 300,000 of the plants were distributed to community groups and organisations, not-for-profits, sporting clubs, schools and early learning centres, as well as residents’ groups across Canberra. In 2021 Floriade was again cancelled due to Covid restrictions on 21 August. Flowers that were to be displayed in Commonwealth Park were again distributed around Canberra as they were in 2020.

Name
When the first festival was announced in 1987, the word "floriade" was said to mean "to decorate with floral designs". According to a later version, "floriade" comes from a Latin verb form "floreat" which is derived from "floreo" meaning "to be decked or covered with flowers". Thus, "Floriade" means "let it bloom".

In September 2005 ACT tourism authorities considered legal action over a trademark violation with Hunter Valley Gardens in New South Wales, who had renamed their annual floral festival to Floriade Hunter Valley Gardens. The term Floriade was replaced with Festival of Flowers in 2006.

Public art and culture
Floriade gives expression to public art, each year commissioning works which are placed in the Floriade gardens. Some remain beyond the festival. Floriade also showcases musical displays with many live performances, cultural celebrations, artistic displays, entertainment and recreational activities.

Floriade has also held a gnome decorating competition and display for several years, with strong participation from schools, aged people's homes, and businesses.

For the first competition in 2000, 5'000 gnomes were mass produced and sold to raise funds for Koomari at a price of $5 each. The gnome known as Stanley Patches winning the first competition is stored at the Canberra Museum and Gallery.

Since 2005 the Floriade Gnome Gnoll has been managed by the Rotary Club of Canberra East, with proceeds going to local and overseas activities. The 2005 theme of Rock 'n Roll only accentuated the regular theme of decorating gnomes as the members of bands. Examples shown below are the Australian children's entertainers, The Wiggles, in this case renamed The Gniggles, and the crowd favourite, KISS submitted by Weetangera Primary School.

Floriade themes

 * 1988 Floriade (multiculturalism)
 * 1989 Floriade (insects)
 * 1990 Floral garlands, champagne bubbles and floral river
 * 1991 Music
 * 1992 The art of horticulture
 * 1993 Kites, colour and movement
 * 1994 Reflections
 * 1995 Carnival of cultures
 * 1996 Floriade celebrates the arts
 * 1997 Colour by day and night
 * 1998 Gardens and gourmets
 * 1999 Magic of the gardens
 * 2000 Games in the garden
 * 2001 The Century in bloom (Celebrating Centenary of Federation)
 * 2002 Poetry in flowers
 * 2003 The heavens in bloom
 * 2004 The wonder of water
 * 2005 Rock 'n' roll in bloom
 * 2006 Carnivale – The World on Show
 * 2007 Aussie icons, myths and legends
 * 2008 Films that shaped the nation
 * 2009 Mind, Body and Soul
 * 2010 Imagination
 * 2011 A feast for the senses
 * 2012 Style & Design
 * 2013 Canberra Centenary
 * 2014 Embrace Passion
 * 2015 World War I remembrance
 * 2016 Life in Bloom
 * 2017 Carnival of Cultures
 * 2018 Pop Culture
 * 2019 World in Bloom
 * 2020 Floriade Reimagined (Event not held in Commonwealth Park)
 * 2021 Future of Flowers (Event not held in Commonwealth Park)
 * 2022 The Sounds of Spring
 * 2023 Floral Wonderland

Floriade NightFest
From 1989 to the late 90s, "Floriade by Night" featured night time food, lighting displays, stalls and entertainment. It ran over several nights and was free. Night opening returned in 2008, now called NightFest, as a paid ticketed event. It includes live music, comedy and acrobatics performances, shopping, cocktails and movies.

Budget, attendance and economic return
It is the largest flower festival in the Southern Hemisphere, with over 300,000 visitors each year. In 2018 over 480,000 attended, and in 2019 there was record attendance of over 507,000, beating the prior 2014 record of nearly 482,000.

There is no entry fee to the festival. The plans to introduce one in 1998 lead to an outrage and ultimately failed.

Visitors to Floriade in 2013 spent close to $40 million. In 2019, when the festival was last held in-person, it brought over $44 million to the ACT economy.

The 2020 cancellation was said by Chief Minister Andrew Barr to have cost the local economy A$35-45 million of visitor income..

title: Floriade (Canberra)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chimfunshi

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was keep. JYolkowski // talk 21:54, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Chimfunshi
Completing VfD nomination by The Fäcist Chicken who seems to have forgotten the vfd2 template Tonywalton  | Talk 18:31, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

The link doesn't work and what is featured in the article seems fake so I think that it should be deleted. The Fäcist Chicken 15:17, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

The link not working was a very minor factor, and was a simple typo, which has now been corrected. Upon inspecting the page linked you will find it is definetly not fake. Although this article is definetly a stub, it justs needs more expansion, not deletion. -- Owen

Keep. Seems notable and verifiable. Perhaps the title could be expanded to "Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage" though. Tonywalton | Talk 18:34, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Tidied up a bit, my searches confirm contents as stated. Alf 19:02, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Abstain Leaning toward delete. If this one stays, I'm adding The Chimp Farm in Florida for good measure.  -PlainSight 04:05, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.