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Melchisédech Thévenot

Melchisédech or Melchisédec Thévenot (c. 1620 – 29 October 1692) was a French author, scientist, traveller, cartographer, orientalist, inventor, and diplomat. He was the inventor of the spirit level and is also famous for his popular posthumously published 1696 book The Art of Swimming, one of the first books on the subject and widely read during the 18th century (Benjamin Franklin, an avid swimmer in his youth, is known to have read it). The book popularized the breaststroke (see History of swimming) ; he was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1990. He also influenced the founding of the Académie Royale des Sciences (the French Academy of Sciences).

Life
Thévenot came from a family of royal office holders (nobles of the robe), which partly explains his wealth. He was reputed to speak English, Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and several oriental languages, including Arabic and Turkish. Thévenot's baptismal name was Nicolas, Melchisédech being added as the second (confirmation) name, almost certainly in honour of his maternal grandfather, Melchisédech Garnier (d. 1637), an avocat at the Parlement of Paris, and probably a Huguenot (given the Old Testament name).

Thévenot was an amateur scientist and a patron of many scientists and mathematicians, maintaining correspondence with figures like Jan Swammerdam, whom he encouraged to tackle the origin of organisms. He was wealthy and well-connected, in 1684 becoming the Royal Librarian to King Louis XIV of France. He also served as ambassador to Genoa in 1647 and then to Rome in the 1650s. After the death of Pope Innocent X, he participated in the subsequent conclave. He died at Issy.

Scientific studies
Thévenot studied astronomy, physics, medicine, and magnetism, and demonstrated in the 1660s the possibility that atmospheric pulsations had something to do with human and animal respiration. Between 1658 and 1661 Thévenot conducted experiments on capillarity and the siphon. He proposed the use of lemon juice as a cure for various maladies, as well as syrup of ipecac as a remedy for dysentery.

Thévenot can be credited in sponsoring a scientific study that contributed to the discovery of the nature and mechanism of fertilization both in humans and in animals in general. In April 1665, he wrote to his friend Christiaan Huygens (1629–95), a Dutch mathematician and astronomer: "We took the opportunity provided by the cold of recent months and applied ourselves to dissections and to investigating the generation of animals (Thévenot 1665)." The "we" referred to two of Thévenot's protégés, the Dutchman Jan Swammerdam (1637–1680) and the Dane Niels Stensen ("Steno") (1638–86).

Thévenot invented the spirit level (or bubble level) some time before 2 February 1661, which he filled with alcohol and mounted on a stone ruler fitted with a viewing lens. This date can be established from Thévenot's correspondence with scientist Christiaan Huygens. Within a year of this date, the inventor circulated details of his invention to others, including Robert Hooke in London and Vincenzo Viviani in Florence. It is occasionally argued that these bubble levels did not come into widespread use until the beginning of the 18th century—the earliest surviving examples being from that time—but Adrien Auzout had recommended that the Académie Royale des Sciences take "levels of the Thévenot type" on its expedition to Madagascar in 1666. It is very likely that these levels were in use in France and elsewhere long before the beginning of the 18th century.

Other works

Many of Thévenot's maps of the Middle East were published in his Relations de Divers Voyages Curieux... (Paris, 1663), a collection of translations of voyages of discovery (such as that of Cosmas Indicopleustes). One of these was one of the earliest and most detailed depictions of southern Iraq (his nephew Jean de Thévenot later visited this region). Thévenot makes reference to the Mandaeans of the Basra region, and includes a printed page from one of this sect's holy books, one of the first printed appearances of the Mandaean language in Europe.

The map by Thévenot, Hollandia Nova—Terre Australe in the Relation de Divers Voyages..., is a French version of the 1644 chart of Abel Tasman's discoveries using information from Dutch sources, notably Joan Blaeu's world map published in 1659. Although Thévenot said that he had taken his chart from the one inlaid into the floor of the Amsterdam Town Hall, in fact it appears to be an almost exact copy of that of Joan Blaeu in his Archipelagus Orientalis sive Asiaticus published in 1659 in the Kurfürsten Atlas (“Atlas of the Great Elector“). The map of the world set into the floor of the great hall of the Amsterdam Town Hall was drawn from Blaeu's world map of 1648. Once Blaeu's map of the world appeared other mapmakers, such as Thévenot, copied his depiction of New Holland. Hollandia Nova in the Kurfürsten Atlas is shown as it appears in Blaeu's world map of 1648, Nova et Accuratissima Terrarum Orbis Tabula. Thévenot divided the continent in two, between Nova Hollandia to the west and Terre Australe to the east of a latitude staff running down the meridian equivalent to longitude 135 degrees East of Greenwich. The differentiation between Nova Hollandia to the west and Terre Australe to the east of the meridian corresponding to 135° East of Greenwich, emphasized by the latitude staff running down that meridian, appears to have been an initiative of Thevenot's, as there is no such division on Blaeu's map or on the Amsterdam Town Hall map. This apparent division may have been fortuitous, as on other Dutch maps of this period Terra Australis or t'Zuid Landt ("the South Land") appears with the name, Hollandia Nova as an alternative name for the whole country. The meridian staff dividing Nova Hollandia from Terre Australe on Thévenot's map fell along the meridian that represented the western limit of Spain's imperial claim in the South Pacific arising from the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 and act of possession of the South Land made by Pedro Fernández de Quirós in 1606. This western limit of Spain's claim is shown on the 1761 map of the Spanish Empire by Vicente de Memije, Aspecto Symbolico del Mundo Hispanico.

Emanuel Bowen reproduced Thévenot's map in his Complete System of Geography (London, 1747), re-titling it A Complete Map of the Southern Continent and adding three inscriptions promoting the benefits of exploring and colonizing the country. One inscription said: "It is impossible to conceive a Country that promises fairer from its Situation than this of TERRA AUSTRALIS, no longer incognita, as this Map demonstrates, but the Southern Continent Discovered. It lies precisely in the richest climates of the World... and therefore whoever perfectly discovers and settles it will become infalliably possessed of Territories as Rich, as fruitful, and as capable of Improvement, as any that have hitherto been found out, either in the East Indies or the West." Bowen's map was re-published in John Campbell's editions of John Harris's Navigantium atque Itinerantium Bibliotheca, or Voyages and Travels (1744-1748, and 1764). When drawing up the territorial boundaries of the colony of New South Wales, established in 1788, the British government set its western boundary at the meridian of 135° East of Greenwich, as it appeared on Thévenot's chart.

Thévenot is often confused with his nephew, the traveller Jean de Thévenot. There is evidence to suggest that both Huygens and Hooke later laid claim to the invention of the spirit level, although only within their own countries. There is no surviving portrait of Thévenot, and an alleged portrait of him (such as can be seen in Gerrit Lindeboom's edition of Thévenot's letters to Swammerdam) is actually of his nephew Jean.

title: Melchisédech Thévenot


text: User talk:212.209.42.133

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:212.209.42.133


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1998 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)

Listed below are the dates and results for the 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds for the South American zone (CONMEBOL). For an overview of the qualification rounds, see the article 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification.

A total of 10 CONMEBOL teams entered the competition. The South American zone was allocated 5 places (out of 32) in the final tournament. Brazil, the defending champions, qualified automatically, leaving 4 spots open for competition between 9 teams.

This was the first World Cup qualifying competition to involve all of the yet-unqualified teams in the confederation playing against each other home and away to decide places in the tournament, a format that was replicated for subsequent World Cup qualifying competitions between CONMEBOL members.

Qualified teams
The following five teams from CONMEBOL qualified for the final tournament.

 * 1 Bold indicates champions for that year. Italic indicates hosts for that year.


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Capital Region of Denmark

The Capital Region of Denmark (Region Hovedstaden, ) is the easternmost administrative region of Denmark, and contains Copenhagen, the national capital.

The Capital Region has 29 municipalities and a regional council consisting of 41 elected members. As of 1 August 2021, the chairperson is Lars Gaardhøj, who is a member of the Social Democrats party of Denmark.

The Capital Region was established on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform. This reform abolished the traditional counties (Danish plural: amter, singular: amt) and created five regions. As part of this reform, 271 smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, reducing the number of municipalities to 98.

The reform dramatically diminished the power of regional governments while enhancing that of local governments and of the central government in Copenhagen. It was implemented on 1 January 2007.

Unlike the former counties (1970–2006) (Danish Amtskommune, literally 'county municipality') the regions are not municipalities and are thus not allowed to have a coat of arms, only logotypes.

The regions do not collect taxes and are financed primarily through block grants, they are unable to transfer money from one area of expenditure to another, and they must return any unused money to the central government.

Overview
The Capital Region of Denmark is one of five regions in Denmark and consists of the municipalities of Copenhagen and Frederiksberg, the former counties of Copenhagen and Frederiksborg, and the regional municipality of Bornholm. It borders Zealand and Sweden's Skåne County via the Øresund Bridge.

Denmark's largest lake, Arresø, lies 43 km northwest of Copenhagen. The region contains several other lakes, the deepest in Denmark being Furesø, 14.5 kilometers (9 miles) northwest of Copenhagen, which is the namesake of the Furesø Municipality. Among several forests, the region also has the Gribskov forest, which is the namesake of the Gribskov Municipality. The Dyrehaven forest park is just north of Copenhagen (and east of Furesø) in Gentofte Municipality and Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality.

Geologically, the region lies in the northern part of Denmark, which is rising, or sinking the least, due to post-glacial rebound, turning former inlets and bays into lakes. Arresø is one example, having extended northwest into Kattegat. (The land is rising by 9 millimeters every year in Furuögrund, the northeastern part of Skellefteå Municipality, north of Kvarken.) Because of the mobility of the sand dunes, forests have been planted along the coast of Kattegat in the municipalities of Helsingør, Gribskov, and Halsnæs.

For the purpose of a road and rail connection to Øresund Bridge, land has been added to the island of Amager, which has a tunnel connecting it with the artificial island Peberholm just south of the island of Saltholm. The land area of east Denmark (east of the Great Belt) is approximately 9,622 km2 (3,715 sq mi) and is set to increase due to housing projects in the north of Copenhagen Municipality, and also due to new bridges and tunnels being added, such as the Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link and other traffic infrastructure projects. The Copenhagen-Ringsted Line (a high-speed train line) came into operation on 1 June 2019 to increase transport capacity and relieve congestion in Roskilde and the narrow 9-9.5 mile isthmus between Roskilde Fjord and the bay of Køge Bugt. It does this by moving international and national train traffic to the new train line and only keeping local and regional traffic.

The region's primary function and largest expenditure (which takes up around 90% of its budget) is owning and operating the hospitals and health services of the region.

In the east of Denmark, there is one traffic region covered by the public transport agency Movia, which is owned by the Capital Region of Denmark and Region Zealand, and operates in 45 of the 46 municipalities. Because of its remote location, Bornholm has its own traffic company, Bornholms Amts Trafikselskab, also known as BAT.

Likewise, in the east of Denmark, the two regions and 45 of the 46 municipalities make up one sole employment region, with Bornholm being its own employment region. Bornholm also performs other tasks that are normally performed by the regions in the rest of Denmark. The municipality of Bornholm is therefore called Bornholm Regional Municipality. In some respects, the island forms a region of its own.

As Denmark is a unitary state, its "capital region" is not a capital district, but one of several regions of Denmark that happens to contain the national capital.

The region does not include the Ertholmene archipelago which is situated to the northeast of Bornholm.

Economy
The gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was €122.2 billion in 2018, accounting for 40.6% of Denmark's economic output. GDP per capita, adjusted for purchasing power, was €50,000 or 166% of the EU average (excluding the United Kingdom) in the same year. GDP per person employed was 130% of the average. The Capital Region is the wealthiest region of Denmark.

Demographics

The region is home to 1,910,395 people (as of 1 October 2023).

Hospitals
The Capital Region of Denmark also manages several hospitals:
 * Amager Hospital on the island of Amager, Copenhagen
 * Bispebjerg Hospital in Copenhagen
 * Bornholms Hospital on the island of Bornholm
 * Frederiksberg Hospital (closing in 2025, moving to Bispebjerg) in Frederiksberg
 * Gentofte Hospital in Gentofte
 * Glostrup Hospital in Glostrup
 * Herlev Hospital in Herlev
 * Hvidovre Hospital in Hvidovre
 * Nordsjællands Hospital in Esbønderup, Frederikssund, Hillerød, Elsinore, and Hørsholm
 * Region Hovedstadens Psykiatri – psychiatric hospital with many centers around the region
 * Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen
 * Sct. Hans Hospital in Roskilde

Municipalities of the Capital Region

There are 29 municipalities in the Capital Region of Denmark.

 * Copenhagen
 * Frederiksberg
 * Albertslund
 * Allerød
 * Ballerup
 * Bornholm
 * Brøndby
 * Dragør
 * Egedal
 * Fredensborg
 * Frederikssund
 * Furesø
 * Gentofte
 * Gladsaxe
 * Glostrup
 * Gribskov
 * Halsnæs
 * Helsingør
 * Herlev
 * Hillerød
 * Hørsholm
 * Høje-Taastrup
 * Hvidovre
 * Ishøj
 * Lyngby-Taarbæk
 * Rudersdal
 * Rødovre
 * Tårnby
 * Vallensbæk

Regional council
The five regions of Denmark each have a regional council of 41 members. Members are elected every four years during local elections.

title: Capital Region of Denmark


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Marcel Jacob

Marcel Karl Jacob (30 January 1964 – 21 July 2009) was a Swedish musician, best known as the founder, chief songwriter, and bassist of the hard rock band Talisman. For a brief period, he also played in the band Europe and with Yngwie Malmsteen. Jacob was also a skilled lead guitarist, occasionally playing guitar solos on albums where he felt the guitarist did not perform to his standards.

Biography
In 1978, Jacob formed the band Rising Force together with guitarist Yngwie Malmsteen. Three years later Jacob joined the band Force, which later changed its name to Europe, replacing John Levén, who took Jacob's place in Rising Force. During his time in Force, Jacob wrote the song "Black Journey Through My Soul" together with vocalist Joey Tempest. The song was eventually included on Europe's second album Wings of Tomorrow, retitled "Scream of Anger". After spending three months in Force, Jacob traded places with John Levén again, who apparently had issues with Malmsteen. In 1985, Jacob returned to Malmsteen's band to play on the album Marching Out and parts of the following US tour. He left the band in November 1985 due to issues with Yngwie's management and in 1986 he toured with jazz-rock band Wasa Express.

In 1987, Jacob played on the album Total Control, the first solo album released by Europe guitarist John Norum. Jacob also re-used demo tracks from his pre-Yngwie band Power for several of the songs included on that album, including the Swedish hit single "Let Me Love You". Two years later he formed the band Talisman together with vocalist Jeff Scott Soto. Throughout the years Talisman was Jacob's major effort and the band released several studio and live albums until 2007.

In 1989 Jacob was back in the USA, auditioned for Dio and played on Jeff Scott Soto's other band Eyes's debut.

In 1992, Jacob played on a song with Lion's Share, "Nothing's Free", which was included on a Belgian compilation and in 1993 he was guest musician on ex-Candlemass singer Thomas Vikström's solo album If I Could Fly.

Vikström and Jacob had played together with guitar player Tommy Denander (Paul Stanley, Alice Cooper) and drummer Jake Samuel (The Poodles) in the cover band Horny Strings and Vikström also was a touring member of Talisman along with Jason Bieler from Saigon Kick. Later Vikström (Therion) took the lead singer role.

The same year Jacob was guest musician on the album Something Wicked Comes by Billionaires Boys Club, a band featuring ex-Accept guitarist Jörg Fischer and Jacob's former Yngwie Malmsteen bandmates Mark Boals and Anders Johansson.

In 1994, he played on The Johansson Brothers' self-titled album. Another band Jacob formed was Human Clay, together with Jeff Scott Soto. They recorded two albums. In 1996, Jacob played on Inspiration, a cover album recorded by Yngwie J. Malmsteen.

In the early 2000s, Jacob studied psychology at Stockholm University for a few years.

In 2005, Jacob was one of three new players to participate in the Swedish/German hard rock band Last Autumn's Dream, for its second studio album, along with drummer Jamie Borger and keyboarder Thomas Lassar. They were hired to replace John Levén, Ian Haugland and Mic Michaeli, who played on the debut album, but who could not make it this time due to taking part in the Europe reunion. Jacob also recorded with Last Autumn's Dream for five further studio albums, the latest being Dreamcatcher, which was released on 26 January 2009.

Jacob made his last appearance on record with the Swedish studio band Impulsia, on the album Expressions which was released on 24 September 2009 via Impulsia Music and under Riverside Records.

It has been reported that Jacob's birth name was Marcus Jacobsson, something he dismissed in an interview.

Death
Jacob was found dead from suicide in his home in Kristineberg, Stockholm on 21 July 2009. He was 45 years old. Talisman vocalist Jeff Scott Soto issued the following statement: "It is with deep regret and remorse I, along with fellow members of Talisman, am announcing our brother, longtime colleague and overall greatest musician we've ever played with, Marcel Jacob, is no longer with us as of today, Tuesday July 21, 2009. Marcel took his own life after many years of personal and health issues he was battling."

Yngwie Malmsteen

 * Marching Out (1985)
 * Inspiration (1996)
 * Birth of the Sun/The Genesis (2002), Recorded 1980 (Member)

John Norum

 * Total Control (1987) (Member and songwriter)
 * Live in Stockholm EP (1988) (Member and songwriter)

Talisman

 * Talisman (1990)
 * Genesis (1993)
 * Humanimal (1994)
 * Humanimal Part II (1994)
 * Five out of Five (1994)
 * Life (1995)
 * BESTerious (compilation) (1996)
 * Best of... (compilation, different from above) (1996)
 * Truth (1998)
 * Live at Sweden Rock Festival (2001)
 * Cats and Dogs (2003)
 * Five Men Live (2005)
 * 7 (2006)

Human Clay

 * Human Clay (1996)
 * u4ia (1997)
 * Closing The Book (compilation, remaster) (2005, 2012)

Humanimal

 * Humanimal (2002)
 * Find My Way Home E.P. (2002)

Last Autumn's Dream

 * II (2005)
 * Winter in Paradise (2006)
 * Saturn Skyline (2007)
 * Impressions: The Very Best of LAD (Japanese market) (2007)
 * Hunting Shadows (2007)
 * Live in Germany 2007 (2008)
 * Impressions: The Very Best of LAD (German market) (2008)
 * Dreamcatcher (2009)
 * A Touch of Heaven (2010)

Various artists

 * Eyes – Eyes (1990)
 * Bai Bang – Cop to Con (1991)
 * Lion Share – Nothing's Free (1991)
 * Thomas Vikstrom – If I Could Fly (1993)
 * Billionaires Boys Club – Something Wicked Comes (1993)
 * The Johansson Brothers – The Johansson Brothers (1994)
 * Misery Loves Co. – Misery Loves Co. (1995)
 * Meldrum – Loaded Mental Cannon (2001)
 * Richard Andersson Space Odyssey – Embrace The Galaxy (2003)
 * Radioactive: "Yeah'' (2003)
 * Jim Jidhed – Full Circle (2003)
 * Edge of Forever – Feeding the Fire (Additional lead guitar on "Prisoner") (2004)
 * Deacon Street Project – Deacon Street Project (2004)
 * Bai Bang – The Best Of (2005)
 * Sha Boom – The Race Is On (2005)
 * Various Artists – United: Where Is The Fire DVD (2005)
 * Locomotive Breath – Change of Track (2006)
 * Speedy Gonzales – Electric Stalker (2006)
 * The Poodles – Metal Will Stand Tall (Co-wrote "Kingdom of Heaven" with Jake Samuel) (2006)
 * Impulsia – Expressions (2009)
 * W.E.T.- W.E.T. (2009)

As producer

 * Edge of Forever – Feeding the Fire (2004)

title: Marcel Jacob


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Torah in Islam

The Tawrat, also romanized as Tawrah or Taurat, is the Arabic-language name for the Torah within its context as an Islamic holy book believed by Muslims to have been given by God to the prophets and messengers amongst the Children of Israel. In the Qur'an, the word 'Tawrat' occurs eighteen times. When referring to traditions from the Tawrat, Muslims have not only identified it with the Pentateuch (the five books of Moses), but also with the other books of the Hebrew Bible as well as with Talmudic and Midrashic writings.

"Indeed, We sent down the Torah, in which was guidance and light. The prophets who submitted [to God] judged by it for the Jews, as did the rabbis and scholars by that with which they were entrusted of the Scripture of God, and they were witnesses thereto. So do not fear the people but fear Me, and do not exchange My verses for a small price [i.e., worldly gain]. And whoever does not judge by what God has revealed - then it is those who are the disbelievers."

In the Quran
The word 'Tawrat' occurs eighteen times in the Quran and the name of Musa is mentioned 136 times in the Quran; nowhere in the Quran is it written that Moses alone was given the Tawrat, but on the contrary it is written in the Quran that the prophets governed with the Tawrat. As per Quran, the governing ayats containing an order of God is the Tawrat.

"But how do they come to you for decision while they have the Tawrat (Torah), in which is the (plain) Decision of Allah; yet even after that, they turn away. For they are not (really) believers."

The Law mentioned in the Quran (5:45): "And We ordained for them therein a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth, and for wounds is legal retribution. But whoever gives [up his right as] charity, it is an expiation for him. And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed - then it is those who are the wrongdoers."

Similarly it is mentioned in Exodus: "And if [any] mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, Burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe."

According to 7:157, Muhammad is written about in both the Injil (Gospel), revelations to Jesus (Isa) and the Tawrat: "Those who follow the Messenger, the unlettered prophet, whom they find written in what they have of the Torah and the Gospel, who enjoins upon them what is right and forbids them what is wrong and makes lawful for them the good things and prohibits for them the evil and relieves them of their burden and the shackles which were upon them. So they who have believed in him, honored him, supported him and followed the light which was sent down with him - it is those who will be the successful."

The Tawrat is mentioned as being known by Isa in 5:110. "[The Day] when Allah will say, 'O Jesus, Son of Mary, remember My favor upon you and upon your mother when I supported you with the Pure Spirit and you spoke to the people in the cradle and in maturity; and [remember] when I taught you writing and wisdom and the Torah and the Gospel; and when you designed from clay [what was] like the form of a bird with My permission, then you breathed into it, and it became a bird with My permission; and you healed the blind and the leper with My permission; and when you brought forth the dead with My permission; and when I restrained the Children of Israel from [killing] you when you came to them with clear proofs and those who disbelieved among them said, 'This is not but obvious magic.'"

Some quotations are repeated from other books of the Hebrew Bible. An example of this is 48:29: "Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; and those with him are forceful against the disbelievers, merciful among themselves. You see them bowing and prostrating [in prayer], seeking bounty from Allah and [His] pleasure. Their mark is on their faces from the trace of prostration. That is their description in the Torah. And their description in the Gospel is as a plant which produces its offshoots and strengthens them so they grow firm and stand upon their stalks, delighting the sowers - so that Allah may enrage by them the disbelievers. Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds among them forgiveness and a great reward."

This could be repeated from Psalms: "And he shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of water, that bringeth forth his fruit in his season; his leaf also shall not wither; and whatsoever he doeth shall prosper." "There shall be an handful of corn in the earth upon the top of the mountains; the fruit thereof shall shake like Lebanon: and they of the city shall flourish like grass of the earth." "They shall still bring forth fruit in old age; they shall be fat and flourishing;"The Torah is also described as a work that supported the Qur'an, and a guide from Allah.

"But when the truth came to them from Us, they said, 'If only he was given the like of what Moses had been given.' Did they not deny what had been given to Moses earlier? They claimed, 'Both ˹Scriptures˺ are works of magic, supporting each other!' Adding, 'We truly deny both.' Say, ˹O Prophet,˺ “Bring then a scripture from Allah which is a better guide than these two so I may follow it, if your claim is true.'"

In Qur'anic exegesis
The Islamic methodology of (تفسير القرآن بالكتاب) refers to interpreting the Qur'an with/through the Bible. This approach adopts canonical Arabic versions of the Bible, including the Tawrat and the Injil, both to illuminate and to add exegetical depth to the reading of the Qur'an. Notable Muslim (commentators) of the Bible and Qur'an who weaved biblical texts together with Qur'anic ones include Abu al-Hakam Abd al-Salam ibn al-Ishbili of al-Andalus and al-Biqa'i.

In the hadith
Muhammad referenced the Torah considerably and said that Moses was one of the few prophets to receive a revelation directly from God, that is, without an intervening angel. On one occasion, it is recorded that some Jews wanted Muhammad to decide how to deal with their brethren who had committed adultery. Abu Dawood recorded:

"Narrated Abdullah Ibn Umar: A group of Jews came and invited the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) to Quff. So he visited them in their school. They said: Abul Qasim, one of our men has committed fornication with a woman; so pronounce judgment upon them. They placed a cushion for the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) who sat on it and said: Bring the Torah. It was then brought. He then withdrew the cushion from beneath him and placed the Torah on it saying: I believed in thee and in Him Who revealed thee. He then said: Bring me one who is learned among you ... Then a young man was brought. The transmitter then mentioned the rest of the tradition of stoning similar to the one transmitted by Malik from Nafi' (No. 4431)."

Importance of the Torah
The word 'Tawrat' occurs eighteen times and the name of Moses is mentioned 136 times in the Quran. Nowhere in the Quran is it written that Moses alone taught by the Torah as all succeeding Hebrew prophets and seers, including Harun, used the Law for preaching. The Quran states that the Torah did have words of wisdom in it, and all subsequent prophets, priest, rabbis and sages in Israel used its Law for guidance for prophets in plural and not only for Moses alone.

The Quran mentions that the basic aspects of Islamic law are evident in the earliest scriptures, including that of Moses. It mentions that it contains the information about the Last Day and about the concepts of Paradise (Jannah) and Hell (Jahannam). The Torah is also mentioned as being known by Jesus.

title: Torah in Islam


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XTND

XTND was a document import/export system developed by Claris for their products on the Apple Macintosh. Products supporting XTND placed an additional popup menu in the open and save dialogs, allowing users to read and write documents of any supported format. The name is a four-letter contraction of extend, the Mac using four-letter identifiers in its system resource files.

XTND was first introduced in 1989 with MacWrite II, Claris CAD 2.0 and with FileMaker Pro in 1991. The system proved popular and became a major selling point for Claris products, which were otherwise considered somewhat "low end". The system was soon used by a number of other products as well, and became fairly common during the early 1990s.

In 1992 Claris gave the system to Apple, who eventually re-branded it as a basic part of the Mac OS known as the Translation Manager. They also added Macintosh Easy Open which offered to open unknown documents using software installed on the machine and converting it using XTND. A developer's guide, XTND Programmer's Guide, was published in 1991 along with the XTND Developer's Kit 1.3, which was placed on their FTP site. XTND broke on the Power Macs, but an extension-to-the-extension released in 1993 fixed that for a time. By the 1995/96 time frame it appears Apple had already abandoned the entire system.

XTND consisted of a simple runtime engine that listed, loaded and managed a series of "translators". The translators were stored in resource files placed in the Mac's System folder, allowing them to be found and used by any program supporting the XTND system. Almost all of the actual logic was located in the translators, the runtime simply handed off filenames and parameters to code stored inside.

Claris supplied translators for word-processors like MacWrite, Microsoft Word, AppleWorks, AppleWorks GS, WriteNow, WordPerfect, WordStar, as well as translators for various spreadsheets, graphics and databases formats.

A major technical problem with XTND was that the conversion process was "opaque". The system ran code in the translators which had no way to provide feedback to the user or ask questions. This made it difficult to distinguish if a long conversion was still processing or if the process locked. Program freezes were a common occurrence as the code base aged. The converters themselves varied widely in quality. For example, the Microsoft Word extension was particularly prone to errors.

title: XTND


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Lessing-Gymnasium, Frankfurt

The Lessing-Gymnasium (together with its twin school Goethe-Gymnasium) is the oldest Gymnasium in Frankfurt. Named after Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, it was founded in 1519 by the city council.

In 2015 there was a controversy over this school refusing admission to students who were moving up from primary school and who were trying to gain admission to top Frankfurt secondary schools. The headmaster argued that secondary schools have the right to admit the students they desire.

Curriculum
The first foreign languages are Latin and English starting in 5th grade. In the 8th grade the pupils have to choose between French or Ancient Greek. The school also has several orchestras and choirs.

Notable alumni
Notable alumni of the Lessing-Gymnasium include:

 * Georg Philipp Telemann, Baroque composer
 * Gustav Koerner, German-American politician
 * Georg Friedrich Grotefend
 * Peter Stein
 * Karl Schwarzschild
 * Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck
 * Boris Rhein

title: Lessing-Gymnasium, Frankfurt


text:
User talk:123test

This is my test for the wiki.

title: User talk:123test


text:
Atco, New Jersey

Atco is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Waterford Township in Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is part of the Philadelphia-Camden metropolitan area, located 16 mi southeast of Camden. Though generally considered part of Waterford Township, a small section of the southern edge of Atco is located in Winslow Township.

Atco was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census with a population of 9,058.

Atco was the home of the Atco Raceway, and served as the location for the movie Eddie and the Cruisers. In 2005, an episode of Viva La Bam was shot at the raceway. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP Code 08004.

History
Atco's name originates from the Atlantic Transport Company, although alternative origins have been proposed, including an indigenous term meaning "Land of many deer." The Atlantic Transport Company of West Virginia placed a substantial order for four large ships with the New York Shipbuilding Corporation, located in Camden, New Jersey, between 1902 and 1903. This event may have contributed to the adoption of the name "Atco" around that time.

Camden and Atlantic Railroad was founded in 1854; it crossed the Pinelands from Camden to Atlantic City. The Raritan and Delaware Bay Railroad was established soon after, linking Atco to communities such as Toms River, Waretown, Atsion and Vineland.

The story of the Atco Ghost is popular in Atco. Legend has it that a young boy was killed by a drunk driver while chasing a ball, and his ghost can now be seen playing on Burnt Mill Road, the same street where the accident occurred, after a motorist honks their horn.

Geography
The town is at the western edge of Wharton State Forest and the Pine Barrens. Atco Lake is a 30 acre lake in Atco.

Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Atco has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

Education
Atco was the site of Assumption School, an elementary school that operated under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Camden until it was closed at the end of the 2012–13 school year.

Atco public schools, operated by Waterford Township School District, serve K-6 grade. Atco Elementary (grades to K-1), Thomas Richards Elementary (grades 2–3) and Waterford Elementary (grades 4–6) serve students from Atco. Junior high school and high school students from Atco are served by Hammonton Public Schools or parochial schools of their choice.

Transportation
Atco has a train station on the Atlantic City Line, which is operated by NJ Transit. The station is accessible from Route 73 and the White Horse Pike (U.S. Route 30).

Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Atco include:
 * Marvin Borowsky (1907–1969), novelist and screenwriter
 * Kellyanne Conway (born 1967), strategist, and pollster who was campaign manager for Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump in 2016.
 * Rey Ramsey (born 1960), social justice entrepreneur, author and former CEO of the One Economy Corporation.
 * Jimmy "Superfly" Snuka (1943–2017), former professional wrestler born in Fiji.
 * Sally Starr (1923–2013), 1950s celebrity television personality.

title: Atco, New Jersey


text:
Talk:Torah in Islam

Untitled
I have emphasized the difference between the Tawrah and the Torah at the start, as many of the Islam articles (incorrectly) use 'Tawrah' synonymously with 'Torah'. ---Mpatel (talk) 17:36, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

This article is written very poorly
The first paragraph needs some serious attention re: punctuation. Also, if you quote the Quran, show where it is quoted from; don't present it as fact, esp. in an extremely formal English.

The whole paragraph is a ramble now, and needs drastic improvement. I'm sure there are some good thoughts there, but I doubt they belong in the introduction and it is not quite clear what they are. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.38.193.168 (talk) 23:36, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

Misleading Revision (?)
Why did you think my revision was misleading? If it's in regard to the semantics of Tawrat/Torah, what I added was my experience in reading and talking with others (I'm an English speaker only). But I did make sure to include the other side. I really want to come to an agreement on this article. --JBJ830726 20:51, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

And . ..
I also want to add that Jesus was given the Tawrat and that Muhammad was written of in the Tawrat (Surah 7.157). I'm relatively new with wikis and have never had a discussion, so please excuse my inexperience.--JBJ830726 21:08, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

More info on Tawrat vs Torah
In my experience, in English, Muslims use Torah and Tawrat virtually interchangeable. I have heard Muslims make a distinction like you do, Mpatel, but rarely and few Muslims follow this usage. Keep in mind, English only. As far as my understanding, Torah is an English translation of Tawrat. Note that in Pickthall's translation of the Qur'an, he always uses Torah. (Yusuf Ali always uses Law and Shakir always uses Taurat.) Here are a couple uses of Torah as the original book:

"Sinai is the place where the Prophet Moses spoke to God and received the Torah." IslamOnline.net

"The knowledge of the true Torah was with the Ahl al-Bayt" al-islam.org

In Arabic, there is no word for the Torah other than Tawrat (at least at the time of Muhammad). Jews used Tawrat to refer to their modern text. In Surah 3.93, Shakir translates "Say: Bring then the Taurat and read it, if you are truthful." The Qur'an is teaching Muslims to tell Jews to bring the Tawrat/Taurat which they could not do if the Tawrat did not reffer to the modern (that is, modern at Muhammad's time) text. (We know from ancient manuscripts that the Torah was not changed between Muhamad's time and the present. Thus the Tawrat Shakir translates is the same as in synagogues.) Abu Dawud's hadith Book 38 Number 4434 says the same. (BTW, you don't have to accept Dawud as authoritative in Islam as some Muslims don't, only that the word Tawrat was used to refer to the modern text.)

However, I do agree it would be nice if everyone used Torah and Tawrat differently because it would make discussions clearer. However, the I think the fact is that modern English speaking Muslims (and non-Muslims, for that matter) do not, nor does the Qur'an or hadith make a distinction. My philosophy is that usage, not idealism, defines words. Perhaps we have a difference in philosophy? --JBJ830726 00:55, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

UM WTF? Jews DO NOT EVER AND WILL NEVER USE THE WORD tawrat. The only word we use is Torah (you may be referring to Torot, which is PLURAL of Torah), literally, the "Teaching;" the "Constitution" of Judaism and the Jewish People, given to them by G-d at Mt. Sinai. This belief, that the Ten Commandments, as well as the entire text of the "Five Books of Moses" and their explanation, are of Divine Origin, is known as "Torah min HaShamayim;" literally, the Torah comes from Heaven. It is one of the Fundamental Beliefs of Judaism.. And since the Torah came before whatever muslims made up... Therefore it is your copycat version that has been erroneously altered... Or do you believe in Time Travel? Therefore not only are your statements false, the whole wiki article is false. INCLUDING, but not limited to the poorly written bit where you allege a fallacy about the New version of the Torah (which is supposedly the erroneous version since Jews altered it). Um, again Torah first. this is called history. No Time Travel or time machine around aside from the editors/authors of the wiki and any book that refers to whatever copycat "tawrat" book you are talking about as the true (Torah)! If you are thinking about any alterations to any books, Look to you know Religons that are newer than Judaism! The Torah isn't a wiki, you can't change the text and the dates and then change history!

User is anonymous for fear of the ROP —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.248.160.208 (talk) 14:30, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

Debate on Tawrat v Torah
Hi JBJ830726. I appreciate your points regarding common and modern uses of the words Tawrat and Torah. We may have a difference of philosophy, but in an encyclopedia, different viewpoints on any given topic have to be made. Hence, I think some sort of compromise can be made. Let me explain thus. Firstly, Tawrat (according to the Qur'an) is the original revelation given to Moses. I want this point to be made absolutely clear at the start of the article, i.e. that according to the Qur'an, the original revelation given to Moses is called the Tawrat. The bolded statement is not an opinion, it's a fact. The Jews (and possibly others) call what they believe was the original revelation given to Moses the Torah. A lot of Islamic (and other) websites simply say that Tawrat is only a translation of Torah. If I remember correctly, 'Tawrat' and 'Torah' stand for the same word, namely, Law (given to Moses). However, and I think we've reached the source of our disagreement here, what Muslims and some non-Muslims consider to be the Law (given to Moses) are different. It is standard Islamic belief that the Torah is regarded as a corruption of the Tawrat. This is one of the reasons I created this article, to clear up these misconceptions about what Muslims believe regarding the Tawrat (and Torah). Of course, non-Islamic views on what the Tawrat is can be included in a section in this article. In a nutshell:

 * Tawrat is a translation of Torah which means Law.

 * Muslims believe that the present day Torah is a corruption of the true Law (revelation) given to Moses, which they call the Tawrat.

 * Some non-Muslims (in particular, Jews) believe that the Torah is the true Law (revelation)given to Moses.

Perhaps the article should reflect these points. Hope this clears up any misconceptions. ---Mpatel (talk) 08:47, September 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * First off, thanks for editing the article, not just reverting it. It seems we have the same philosophy: usage not idealism. I have no problem with anything you added and of course I'm clear that Muslims believe the Tawrat changed. I only disagree that you removed "Many translations of the Qur'an render as Law" because this is obviously true by looking at English translations. Personally, I think this is a dreadful translation, but it did happen. And removing "Most English speaking Muslims simply refer to it as "the Torah" while some reserve "Torah" to refer to the modern version, the Tawrat after its alleged corruption by Jews" also because I think this is simply a fact of usage.  I agree that different viewpoints on any given topic have to be made, that's why I love wikipedia. Therefore I think both viewpoints should be included.--JBJ830726 17:39, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

Minor changes & Tawrat vs Torah
I see that mpatel has again removed the reference to different meanings of Tawrat and Torah after I gave a lengthy discussion (see above) and without him offering an explanation as to why. If he does not give an explanation, then the consensus is that "Tawrat" has both meanings and this point should not be omitted. Since the reader may find the information interesting and probably deserves more than a sentence in the intro, I've given it a headline section. Note that I made the intro ambiguous, not implying one meaning of the other. Since the vast majority of Muslim scholars and laymen use Tawrat and Torah interchangeably, I think this is more than fair to mpatel's opinion. Hopefully this will resolve the debate.

Some other minor changes:
 * Removed Old Testament reference in first paragraph because Torah (in Hebrew) never refers to the Tanach. See Torah
 * Removed "which means Law" because "Law" is an incomplete translation of Torah. See Torah.  Some English translations of the Qur'an and New Testament use "Law" because it's decent as a direct translation.  Rather than discuss translation of Hebrew on an Islamic page, I ommitted rather than explaining.  I know, this is picky.

If someone knows how to insert Arabic characters, that would help. I do not. JBJ830726 05:32, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi JBJ830726. After mulling over it a few times, I agree that the current version is better. MP  (talk) 08:49, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

torah, tawrat - *tawrawat, cf. Proto Semitic
According to, the earliest form of the word Torah, in Ancient Hebrew, is *tawrawat, from a Proto-Semitic root *w-r-w meaning "to guide", hence the meaning "Law". That is, the cognate Arabic and Qur'anic word is closer to the original form in Proto-Semitic, and certainly not a loanword.Giorgioz 18:55, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

To Guide does not mean "Law"! Anymore than it means Lead! (for that matter, Halachic or Halacha is the word used to refer to Law, so if it was to be called "Law" Then there are more apt words for this. Secondly, Ancient Hebrew is written without vowel placement... literally the equivalent would be trt (plural Torah) in pronunciation. So it's  regardless whether the Proto-Semitic root wxrxw is there for pronunciation and spelling... For Instance... In Hebrew, Hanukkah is only written one way (I could say, said one way, but then that would ignore versions and different means of, like Hanukkiah) in Hebrew, but can be written any way in English (although has 6 common ways of writing it, and one Style Guide approved version for media but I digress. The point is that regardless whether Muslims use the literal Proto-Semitic version of the Torah, makes no difference. As They cannot change the name of a Jewish book. It doesn't work that way. So The argument Giorgioz is trying to make is irrelevant. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.248.160.208 (talk) 14:45, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

Proposed merge
Discuss at Talk:Torah-- Sef rin gle Talk 23:23, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

Heavy revert
I reverted all of these edits because they make the page totally incoherent and hard to understand. There's also a great deal of POV and OR information contained therein. —  Hello Annyong  (say whaaat?!) 21:01, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

oral law
i added a part about islam's view about the rabbianic jewish traditions for the oral law torah. 79.176.106.98 (talk) 05:57, 29 November 2008 (UTC)

Incorrect Transliteration
The word "Tawrat" is an incorrect Transliteration for the Arabic word "توراة". This word may be correct Transliteration for "تورات" which can't be found in any Arabic dictionary. To explain this to non-Arabic speaking people, i should show the difference between "ة" & "ت"

 * the letter "ة", unlike "ت" and the other Arabic letters, can't be found except at the end of words.
 * the letter "ة" is pronounced as "h" when you make stop at the word, and as "t = ت" when you you join the word to the one following it i.e without making stop. As an example for the first case, when the word is at the end of statement as in ana aqra'ut TWRAH "i am reading the torah". An example for the second case as in AtTWRATu kalimatul lah "the Torah is the word of Allah"

Conclusion:

 * "twrah" or "Torah" is the only correct Transliteration of the word "توراة" as a single word

 * the arabic Transliteration of "Twrat", as a single word, is "تورات" not "توراة"

Muslim-Researcher (talk) 01:45, 7 October 2010 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Gospel (Islam) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 14:43, 29 November 2012 (UTC)

Indonesia
Subchannels 115.178.221.133 (talk) 17:51, 14 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Torah in Islam


text:
Talk:Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy

Kozma Prutkov
Kozma Prutkov was a collective penname of A.K.Tolstoy and brothers Alexei Zhemchuzhnikov, Vladimir Zhemchuzhnikov and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikov. The redirect is irrelevant MvR 17:36, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Relationship to more famous Tolstoy
What was Aleksey Tolstoy's relationship to Leo Tolstoy? Presumably they were cousins of some sort? But how closely related? john k 21:44, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

He and Leo Tolstoy's father, Nikolay were cousins. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.32.30.204 (talk) 19:31, 26 February 2011 (UTC)

Black Sabbath
His story "The Family of Wurdalaks" was the basis for an episode of a Mario Bava/Boris Karloff film Black Sabbath (1963). MBG 119.11.16.195 (talk) 08:39, 11 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes, its just that this bit of info won't easily fit into the article in its present state. What about A.K.Tolstoy in popular culture section? -- Evermore2 (talk) 10:36, 9 September 2011 (UTC)
 * ...besides, there seems to be 1 Italiam film, 1 Spanish TV series and 2 Soviet/Russian films, based upon it. -- Evermore2 (talk) 13:33, 9 September 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cuckmere Haven

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Keep. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 02:07, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Cuckmere Haven
Non-Notable, nothing significant is here, Wikipedia is not a catalogue of every single patch of real estate under the sky.TheDeletator 17:37, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * NOMINATION WITHDRAWN BY NOMINATOR. Sorry jumped the gun a bit don't want to start off my career as the "Deletator" on the wrong foot!  I agree now it is notable enough and the article is looking great...I'll have a talk with my committe about this mix-up.  My bad! TheDeletator 01:25, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. If it is featured in a BBC program it can't be that trivial a place. Pilatus 17:45, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep--seems to be a decently large region, not a patch of real estate, and featured on BBC as a tourist destination. Meelar (talk) 18:18, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep--large historic region - Boli 19:34, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Pilatus. Tonywalton | Talk 21:04, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Trollderella 21:08, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I'm fine with this article. Alf 21:40, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep It's a significant geographical place. Saga City 21:44, August 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep My school went on field studies here every year. If it's not an SSSI it probably should be. --zippedmartin 01:10, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Now a good little article on a notable enough place. Capitalistroadster 01:52, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Per Pilatus. --Blackcap | talk 21:43, August 26, 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
1998 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF)

Listed below are the dates and results for the 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds for the African zone (CAF). For an overview of the qualification rounds, see the article 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification.

A total of 38 CAF teams entered the competition. However, Mali and Niger both withdrew before the draw was made. The African Zone was allocated five places (out of 32) in the final tournament.

Summary
There would be two rounds of play:
 * First Round: Cameroon, Nigeria, Morocco and Egypt, the four highest-ranked teams according to FIFA, received byes and advanced to the Final Round directly. The remaining 32 teams were paired up to play knockout matches on a home-and-away basis. The winners would advance to the Final Round.
 * Final Round: The 20 teams were divided into five groups of four teams each. The teams would play against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winners would qualify. These were:
 * 🇹🇳 tunisia
 * 🇨🇲 cameroon
 * 🇲🇦 morocco
 * 🇳🇬 nigeria

First round

 * }

Second leg
Burkina Faso won 2–0 on aggregate

Namibia won 3–1 on aggregate

South Africa won 4–0 on aggregate

Angola won 5–1 on aggregate

Guinea won 5–4 on aggregate

Liberia won 5–2 on aggregate

Gabon won 3–0 on aggregate

Burundi won 2–0 on aggregate but withdrew before the Final Round started, so their place was given to Sierra Leone.

Zimbabwe won 4–3 on aggregate

Congo won 3–1 on aggregate

Zaire won 7–1 on aggregate

Tunisia won 5–1 on aggregate

Kenya won 3–2 on aggregate

Togo won 3–2 on aggregate

Zambia won 3–2 on aggregate

Ghana won 2–1 on aggregate

Final round
Key:
 * Teams highlighted in green qualified for the finals.

Group 3
In May 1997, Zaire were renamed the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo DR).

Group 5
Gabon vs Sierra Leone was not played, since neither team could advance with a win.

''Match abandoned after 53 minutes due to crowd trouble. FIFA allowed the result to stand''

''Match postponed due to Sierra Leone not being able to travel from Freetown due to conflict. The match was never rearranged due to the result having no effect on final group standings''

Qualified teams
The following five teams from CAF qualified for the final tournament.

 * 1 Bold indicates champions for that year. Italic indicates hosts for that year.

Goalscorers
There were 229 goals scored in 91 matches, for an average of 2.52 goals per match.
 * 5 goals

 * Paulão
 * 🇧🇫 Mamadou Zongo
 * 🇰🇪 Mike Okoth Origi
 * Vitalis Takawira

 * 4 goals

 * 🇨🇲 Patrick Mboma
 * 🇪🇬 Hossam Hassan
 * Titi Camara
 * Momo Soumah
 * 🇲🇦 Salaheddine Bassir
 * 🇳🇬 Daniel Amokachi
 * Phil Masinga
 * 🇹🇳 Adel Sellimi

 * 3 goals

 * Akwá
 * 🇨🇲 Alphonse Tchami
 * Macchambes Younga-Mouhani
 * 🇪🇬 Ali Maher
 * Fodé Camara
 * 🇲🇦 Ahmed Bahja
 * 🇲🇦 Khalid Raghib
 * 🇹🇳 Zoubeir Baya

 * 2 goals

 * Paulo Jorge da Silva
 * 🇨🇲 Bernard Tchoutang
 * Olivier Niere
 * 🇪🇬 Hady Khashaba
 * 🇬🇭 Mohammed Gargo
 * 🇬🇭 Samuel Johnson
 * Souleymane Oularé
 * 🇬🇼 Cipriano Co
 * 🇬🇼 Pereira Tavares
 * 🇰🇪 Musa Otieno
 * 🇰🇪 Kennedy Simiyu
 * 🇰🇪 Maurice Sunguti
 * 🇱🇷 James Debbah
 * 🇱🇷 George Weah
 * 🇳🇦 Mohammed Ouseb
 * 🇳🇦 Eliphas Shivute
 * 🇳🇦 Gervatius Uri Khob
 * 🇳🇬 Emmanuel Amunike
 * Shaun Bartlett
 * Bachirou Salou
 * Kossi Noutsoudje
 * Djima Oyawolé
 * 🇹🇳 Khaled Badra
 * Elos Elonga-Ekakia
 * Michel Ngonge
 * Mbuleya Tondelva
 * Frazer Kamwandi
 * Dennis Lota
 * Andrew Tembo

 * 1 goal

 * Abdelhafid Tasfaout
 * Sid Ahmed Zerrouki
 * Fernando Manuel Sousa
 * Joaquim Alberto Silva
 * 🇧🇫 Kassoum Ouédraogo
 * 🇧🇫 Firmin Sanou
 * 🇧🇫 Ousmane Sanou
 * 🇧🇫 Brahima Traore
 * 🇧🇮 Jean-Marie Mbuyi
 * 🇧🇮 Sutche Wambo
 * 🇨🇲 Jean-Jacques Missé-Missé
 * Christian Bongo
 * Charles Imboula
 * Sousa Miyamou
 * 🇨🇮 Lassina Dao
 * 🇪🇬 Hazem Emam
 * 🇪🇬 Hesham Hanafy
 * 🇪🇬 Ahmed Hassan
 * 🇪🇬 Ibrahim Hassan
 * 🇪🇬 Samir Kamouna
 * 🇪🇬 Abdel Sattar Sabry
 * 🇬🇦 Brice Mackaya
 * 🇬🇦 Anicet Yala Ngoukou
 * 🇬🇦 Théodore Nzue Nguema
 * 🇬🇦 Jonas Ogandaga
 * Abdul Aziz Corr
 * Ebrima Ebou Sillah
 * 🇬🇭 Felix Aboagye
 * 🇬🇭 Augustine Ahinful
 * 🇬🇭 Arthur Moses
 * 🇬🇭 Abedi Pele
 * Tibou Bangoura
 * 🇰🇪 Vincent Kwarula
 * 🇰🇪 Henry Motego
 * 🇰🇪 Francis Were
 * 🇱🇷 Robert Clarke
 * 🇱🇷 Prince Daye
 * 🇱🇷 Oliver Makor
 * Jiana Raoelijaona
 * Etienne Hajason Rasoanaivo
 * Etienne Rado Rasoanaivo
 * Antoine Mocude
 * 🇲🇦 Youssef Fertout
 * 🇲🇦 El Arbi Hababi
 * 🇲🇦 Mustapha Hadji
 * 🇲🇦 Noureddine Naybet
 * 🇲🇿 Armando Macamo
 * 🇳🇦 Ewald Hoeseb
 * 🇳🇦 Johannes Ortmann
 * 🇳🇦 Simon Uutoni
 * 🇳🇬 Mutiu Adepoju
 * 🇳🇬 Jonathan Akpoborie
 * 🇳🇬 Sunday Oliseh
 * 🇳🇬 Wilson Oruma
 * 🇷🇼 Leon Mupenzi
 * 🇸🇳 Mamadou Diallo
 * 🇸🇳 Omar Traoré
 * 🇸🇱 Jamiru Amidu
 * 🇸🇱 Lamin Conteh
 * 🇸🇱 Mohamed Kallon
 * 🇸🇱 Abu Kanu
 * Mark Fish
 * Doctor Khumalo
 * Helman Mkhalele
 * Eric Tinkler
 * Mark Williams
 * 🇸🇩 Khalid Ahmed Elmustafa
 * 🇸🇩 Anas Elnour
 * Mohamed Daima
 * Kokouni Akpalo Gnavor
 * Lantame Ouadja
 * Tadjou Salou
 * 🇹🇳 Mehdi Ben Slimane
 * 🇹🇳 Hédi Berkhissa
 * 🇹🇳 Taoufik Herichi
 * 🇹🇳 Riadh Jelassi
 * 🇹🇳 Jameleddine Limam
 * 🇹🇳 Skander Souayah
 * 🇺🇬 Robert Kizito
 * Epotele Bazamba
 * Emeka Mamale
 * Nzelo Hervé Lembi
 * Étienne N'tsunda
 * Zico Tumba
 * Johnson Bwalya
 * Kenneth Malitoli
 * Mwape Miti
 * Vincent Mutale
 * Kennedy Chihuri
 * Edelbert Dinha
 * Adam Ndlovu
 * Agent Sawu
 * Cloudious Zviripayi

 * 1 own goal

 * 🇧🇫 Mohamadi Balma (playing against Guinea)
 * 🇸🇱 Abubakar Kamara (playing against Ghana)

title: 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF)


text:
Picnic basket

A picnic basket or picnic hamper is a basket intended to hold food and tableware for a picnic meal. Picnic baskets are standard equipment at many picnics. A traditional picnic hamper is made of woven wicker.

While the basic concept of a picnic basket is quite simple, some picnic baskets sold by gourmet stores are quite large and elaborate, with insulated compartments to hold hot and cold foods, and dishware including wine glasses and porcelain plates which are secured in pockets along with items of cutlery, condiments, corkscrew etc. Many modern picnic baskets also have a special storage section to hold a bottle of wine, the traditional beverage brought along to intimate picnics. Some modern picnic baskets include detachable blankets to sit on.

An innovative picnic hamper advertised for American families in 1953 was designed to clamp over the seat at the back of the family car. The hamper opened with a "built-in midget-size icebox" and slide-out trays "for everyone who wants to eat away from the ants."

Picnic hamper foods usually include pre-prepared sandwiches, pies, fruit, cake, salads and other dishes. A 1917 Australian newspaper article lists items in a picnic hamper for 12 people as: "Ham and mustard sandwiches, tomato and cucumber sandwiches, lettuce and salmon sandwiches, roast fowl, one sponge cake, one currant cake, two dozen scones, one dozen Queen cakes, two dozen lemon cheese tartlets, two dampers, 18 blocks lamington cake, one dozen cream puffs, one dozen custard puffs, 1lb biscuits, 1lb butter, one bottle home-made lemon syrup, one bottle milk, 2lb sugar, 1/4lb tea, four dozen mixed fruit, sweets, one small kettle, six plates, one dozen cups, one jug, one drying cloth, one Billycan, one box matches, four knives, four spoons."

Etymology
Hamper comes from ‘hanapier’, meaning a case for goblets. The concept came from France via William the Conqueror in the 11th century. Portable wicker wine carriers became adopted as travellers’ refreshment baskets, as long journeys often meant overnight stays in coaching inns where palatable food was not always available. Travellers would thus carry better food with them in such baskets or hampers.

title: Picnic basket


text:
User talk:Holger Sambale

Lekeu
Thank you! Some minor suggestions of "look" could be made (for instance 'External links' instead of Weblinks, and while you're a leg up on many other editors in remembering to include categories - I get unreasonably frustrated when other people omit them, often entirely! ;) - one of them "redlinks" - nothing unsolvable though.) - having a look at Manual of Style (music), the main manual, a few other things as time allows will probably prove helpful, but I think it's a good translation. Now I must attempt to provide some similar service within my abilities... thanks again. Schissel : bowl listen 17:38, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks again - and about other translations: while I have my own wishlist, my own suggestion would really be to find articles that appear very often as redlinks on a number of different pages (I only recently found out that "What links here" works for empty pages as well...), and perhaps also receive a number of Google hits too (the latter is one reason I decided to create Peggy Glanville-Hicks, and in the former case Ildebrando Pizzetti... both of course need much work, I know.) Woldemar Bargiel, August Friedrich Martin Klughardt (that de: has a page on his 4th symphony is impressive...), Erwin Schulhoff, for instance. The pages like Music encyclopedia topics/46 (and 1..45 47..?) contain too many topics, most of them not yet interesting I know, so that's probably not too helpful...)

(I also see there is now just the very slightest stub for Joseph Guy Ropartz. Must work on that later :)  I like his music, have studied one of his later works - quartet #6 in F, remarkable piece.)  Thanks and best regards Schissel : bowl listen 17:17, August 30, 2005 (UTC)

Oh, right, I forgot we have another interest in common Best- Schissel : bowl listen 04:25, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Klughardt
Thanks! I have heard a little by Boris Tchaikovsky - not yet the 3rd symphony but the 2nd and the cello sonata. Weinberg I would still like to hear more by of course, with so much (of admittedly a somewhat large output) unrecorded. (I've yet to hear the operas, for instance, and the cello concerto only once...) I think I have a recording of Klughardt's cello concerto but on a now unplayable CD- I must see if I ever rescued it! The Gernsheim concerto which was also there, I taped before the paper tore off ;)... Schissel : bowl listen 18:43, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Holger Sambale


text: User talk:81.217.115.112

title: User talk:81.217.115.112


text:
1998 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)

The 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification, CONCACAF zone ran from March 1996 to November 1997 in order to determine the three CONCACAF representatives at the 1998 FIFA World Cup. For an overview of the qualification rounds, see 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification.

A total of 30 CONCACAF teams entered the competition. Mexico, the USA, Costa Rica, Honduras, El Salvador and Canada, the six highest-ranked teams according to FIFA, received byes and advanced to the third round directly. The remaining 24 teams were divided into two zones, based on geographical locations.

Format

 * Caribbean Zone: The 20 teams played in three rounds of knockout matches on a home-and-away basis to determine four winners advancing to the third round. Bahamas and Bermuda withdrew before playing one game. 18 countries stay in the race.
 * Central American Zone: The four teams were paired up to play knockout matches on a home-and-away basis. The winners would advance to the third round.

In the third round, the 12 teams were divided into three groups of four teams each. They played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winners and runners-up would advance to the final round.

In the final round, the six teams played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The top three teams would qualify.

Preliminary round

 * }

 * Group A

Dominican Republic won 6–3 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

 * Group B

Grenada won 8–1 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

The Bahamas withdrew, so Saint Kitts and Nevis advanced to the first round automatically.
 * Group C

 * Group D

Dominica won 6–4 on aggregate and advanced to the first round.

First round

 * }

 * Group 1

Dominican Republic won 2–1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

 * Group 2

Haiti won 7–1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

 * Group 3

Cuba won 6–0 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

 * Group 4

Saint Kitts and Nevis won 6–1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

 * Group 5

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines won 9-1 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

 * Group 6

Barbados won 2–0 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

 * Group 7

Jamaica won 2–0 on aggregate and advanced to the second round.

Bermuda withdrew, so Trinidad and Tobago advanced to the second round automatically.
 * Group 8

Second round
!colspan=6|Caribbean Zone

!colspan=6|Central American Zone

 * }

Caribbean Zone

 * Group A

Cuba won 7–2 on aggregate and advanced to the third round.

 * Group B

Trinidad and Tobago won 12–1 on aggregate and advanced to the third round.

 * Group C

Jamaica won 3–0 on aggregate and advanced to the third round.

 * Group D

2–2 on aggregate. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines won on the away goals rule and advanced to the third round.

Central American Zone

 * Group E

Guatemala won 3–1 on aggregate and advanced to the third round.

 * Group F

Panama won 6-2 on aggregate and advanced to the third round.

Qualified teams
The following three teams from CONCACAF qualified for the final tournament.
 * 1 Bold indicates champions for that year. Italic indicates hosts for that year.


text:
Bob Siebenberg

Robert Layne Siebenberg (born October 31, 1949) also known as Bob C. Benberg, is an American musician, best known as a member of British progressive rock band Supertramp, playing drums and percussion. He was the sole American in Supertramp's lineup, joining the band in 1973. His son, Jesse, joined Supertramp at the time of the release of the live album It Was the Best of Times (live; 1999).

In 1985, Siebenberg released a solo album called Giants in Our Own Room (and credited to "Siebenberg"), where he sings lead on half of the songs and also plays keyboards and drums. Joining Siebenberg on this record were Scott Gorham of Thin Lizzy fame (Gorham was Siebenberg's brother-in-law from 1969 to 2000 ), Steve Farris of Mr. Mister, Procol Harum drummer B. J. Wilson (who played on the final track), bassist Kerry Hatch of Oingo Boingo, and Supertramp bandmate John Helliwell. An old friend, Derek Beauchemin, joined in to co-write and play keyboards.

Prior to joining Supertramp, Siebenberg was a member of pub rock band Bees Make Honey as well as RHS, an American band. He was in a band called "Heads Up" which released the 1989 album The Long Shot. Joining Siebenberg were his writing partner Dennis O'Donnell, Mark Hart, Brad Cole, John Helliwell, Marty Walsh and again, Scott Gorham on guitar.

In 1989, Siebenberg composed the original music for Sierra On-line's video game Space Quest III. He endorses Drum Workshop drums, pedals and hardware, Paiste cymbals, Remo heads and Regaltip drumsticks. In the 1970s, he used Ludwig drums.

Discography

 * Bees Make Honey :
 * 1973 : Music Every Night
 * 2003 : Back On Track - Compilation Double album

 * Supertramp :
 * Every album, 1974 – present (see Supertramp discography)

 * Heads Up :
 * 1989 : The Long Shot

 * Solo :
 * 1985 : Giants In Our Own Room
 * 2013 : Glendale River

 * Collaborations :
 * 1972 : Private Parts by Peter Straker
 * 1981 : Solo In Soho by Philip Lynott

title: Bob Siebenberg


text: User talk:142.150.48.189

title: User talk:142.150.48.189


text:
Talk:New Zealand Sign Language

New Zealand Sign Language in action
The New Zealand Sign Language in action section of this article reads like it was written by a person who is not a native user of the language in question. If this language is like ASL, most of this section is mistaken or misleading. ASL suffered under many of the same misapprehensions seemingly present in this section for much of its history. It is not hard for a skilled interpreter to keep up with a speaker without leaving out any information in ASL and probably not in this sign language either. That there is no one-to-one correspondence between the words in two seperate languages with seperate grammar and syntax systems does not mandate that information is being left out. Qaz 17:39, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The article is pretty simplistic. Translating is certainly more complex than just leaving words out, changing the order of words in sentences, abbrevriating, and fingerspelling words without signs. But still information is always lost. Usually quite a lot.
 * I'm familiar with Auslan, rather than NZSL, but the two are very similiar. While the section does read poorly, it's more or less true that an interpreter usually is required to simplify what is being said. From what I understand, the best interpreters will only be able to convey 60% of what is said. From my experience, the largest factors seem to be the speed at which the speaker talks, and the amount of jargon or technical terms being used. Different interpreters have different styles and abilities too, but that seems to be a lesser issue. I don't think any interpreter could keep up with, say, a fast-speaking ecofeminist reading from notes in a talk on gender-sensitive socio-ecological research, especially if they are unfamiliar with the topic (I've seen similiar attempted). Certainly not everything is conveyed even in slower paced talks, as it is tedious and unnecessary to convey all nuances. Better interpreters are only better at knowing what to leave out so the essential message is left in tact. Auslan/NZSL (and ASL too I believe) have much smaller lexicons than the rediculiously large range of words in English, often requiring a particularly creative and expressive interpreter to convey the original meaning with any fidelity. None of this is to say that Auslan/NZSL is less expressive or slower than English (that's another topic entirely), only that translating into Auslan from English is usually slower than speaking English straight, or necessarily leads to information loss when spoken at the same speed. I imagine the above is true for ASL too.
 * —Pengo 04:56, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm going to take this section out. Public interpretation is only a small part of NZSL in action. The writer is obviously a hearing person who was impressed by what they saw, but says nothing true of NZSL different from other SLs, and I'm not even sure that the "translation" is accurate. I'd have said it was "you name ? you" where "?" is a facial expression (I'm hearing and have 2 terms of NZSL but not fluent). --Hugh7 21:31, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Just a comment on YOU NAME? or YOU NAME WHAT. It would be better to have a Deaf person comment on this, and I have forwarded the link to some I know. As a qualified interpreter, I write from my own experience and knowledge learnt from Deaf community members, Deaf and hearing academics and other interpreting practioners.

Anyway, in English, to find out who someone is we can ask, "What's your name?", "What is your name?", "What name do you go by?", or even "Who are you?".

In NZSL, there is also more than one way to ask. Below are examples: PRO2 = 2nd person pronoun, ie, 'YOU'; 'wh' indicates the full sentence is a wh-question (who, what, when, where, how).

__________wh-q

YOU NAME WHAT

__________wh-q

YOUR NAME WHAT

__________wh-q

NAME WHAT PRO2

________wh

WHO (PRO2)

The wh-q bit is important because in NZSL wh questions are formed with furrowed eyebrows -- if you forget to furrow your eyebrows then your intended question looks like a plain statement, which may confuse the person you're chatting with. For example, consider the difference in English between:

You have a car? You have a car.

In NZSL, these can be glossed as:

________wh-q

HAVE CAR YOU

HAVE CAR YOU

Aleniboy 16:00, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

What happened?
The article says the bill to make NZSL NZ's third official language "was referred to the Justice and Electoral Committee which will report back to the House on July 26, 2005." Anyone got an update? Moriori 02:15, September 10, 2005 (UTC)

New Zealand English
I have a question: this article says New Zealand English is the official language of New Zealand. To me that implies that the particular form of English as spoken in NZ is the official language of New Zealand instead of just English, and furthermore that New Zealand English vastly differs from "standard" English (therefore the neccessity to specify that NZ English is an official language). To put it differently, the article reads like as if NZ English is so different from English as, for example, Swiss German from standard German, and that this supposedly very different form of English is the official language (among others) of NZ. I know the former is not the case, but what about the latter. Is really the NZ English recognised as one official language, or is rather just English? I mean in Canada, English is recognised as one official language, not Canadian English. (I hope I made myself clear) Blur4760 17:28, 6 April 2006 (UTC)
 * We have our own weird usages of words and pronounciation (we tend to be pretty bad on this). But it does not differ that much, less than American English to UK English. --Midnighttonight 21:05, 6 April 2006 (UTC)
 * English is only a de facto official language of New Zealand. For a long time Maori was the only "official" language. However, the statute that made Maori an official language was in English, but because of the dominance of English, nobody has ever bothered to sanction English as an official language. --Limegreen 02:44, 7 April 2006 (UTC)
 * It would be hard to claim that English is not an official language of New Zealand since almost all our official documents are written in English! Ben Arnold 03:40, 8 April 2006 (UTC)
 * It would be easy enough to make an argument that NZSL is more official than English! After all, NZSL only requires royal assent. You will find far less in the way of documentation to make English official. However, just because it isn't officially sanctioned, doesn't mean that it has no status.--Limegreen 04:57, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

Unique
What makes NZSL unique from Australian or British? The article doesn't seem to say. Rmhermen 17:46, 6 April 2006 (UTC)
 * it includes Maori words as well, but I'm not to sure other than that. --Midnighttonight 21:06, 6 April 2006 (UTC)
 * read the article, New Zealand English, and you will learn it's just a different quirky dialect, just like American, Canadian, or Australian English.
 * This article is about NZSL, not English. As well as the signs for Maori concepts, NZSL has more lip-shapes cuing the handshapes. I've added that. It also has signs for NZ cities and other places. EG, the sign for Rotorua references mudpools, for Wellington the wind. --Hugh7 22:52, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

First Official Sign Language?
As of my writing, most of the article deals with NZSL's status as an official language of NZ. What is the precedence for this? Are there other countries with a nonverbal/sign languages as an official language? Also, what does it mean for a language to be an offical language in NZ? Is there any practical implications? -- 20:07, 6 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Not sure but I think it is the first. It gives significant access in dealing with the government, Parliament must now have a translator avialable for instance.  But Sign Language was treated as a de facto official language until now really. --Midnighttonight 21:08, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

Not official
I've taken out references to it being official, since the article says it hasn't received royal assent. 202.175.143.143 00:14, 7 April 2006 (UTC) (User:Ben Arnold not logged in)

Note also that the New Zealand Sign Language will be an official language of New Zealand from the day after the date of royal assent. At least that's the only coherent interpretation I can come to from the markup on the bill. The other dates have already passed.202.175.143.143 00:23, 7 April 2006 (UTC) (User:Ben Arnold not logged in)

Some editors have been changing the page to say that New Zealand Sign Language is an official language of New Zealand. Since the third reading was on Thursday and adjurned at 5:48pm, and assent is usually delayed by a few days it seems implausible that it received assent by Friday. (Besides, the page on Royal Assent states that assent must be notified to Parliament and Parliament didn't sit on Friday.) If you have evidence that Royal Assent occured on Friday, please provide that evidence before you update the page. Otherwise please bide your time until the day after royal assent. Thanks. Ben Arnold 01:46, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

Hello, please read what I have below. Also, this is the direct, copy-and-paste headline from the news on the homepage: "The New Zealand Parliament passes an act making New Zealand Sign Language the third official language of New Zealand, alongside English and Māori."

Re: Not Official
Well, it says on the en.Wikipedia.org homepage that it has become an official language. As for the royal assent stuff, I have no idea.

 * Technically the main page says that "an act making NZSL the third official language" has been passed by Parliament. This is almost true (in fact Parliament passed a bill — it doesn't become an act until it receives royal assent). I agree the main page is misleading, because it suggests that NZSL has already become an official language, but it's only actually wrong on a minor technicality. Ben Arnold 02:32, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry, thank you.
 * Thanks Ben. I got the difference between a Bill and an Act wrong when I wrote it up for Current events, but I was aware that its being passed didn't mean it was immediately in effect.-gadfium 02:35, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

 * It's hard to summarise an article and keep it both easy-to-read and 100% technically accurate. I think "passes an act" is a pretty standard idiom, "passes a bill" would have looked strange. Ben Arnold 19:38, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

I'll ring the Clerk's office on Monday and find out when royal assent is scheduled for. Ben Arnold 19:46, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

The home page was what originally caused me to "update" the page, saying that it was an official language. I see now that it needs the Royal Assent to do so. I'll post a notice at administrator's notes and incidents explaining the situation and directing them over here, because someone might want to change that - it really is very misleading. -zappa 18:29, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I posted something here and here. zappa 02:52, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

 * It was changed from "making" into "to make", so it is a little bit better now, although still confusing. -zappa

According to official language, a language must be either declared official, or be the language of the constitution. On those grounds, it would seem that Sign Language will be NZ's second official language, joining Maori. This is because English has neither been declared official, nor do we have a language of the constitution, leaving English as a de facto only. I'd originally meant this facetiously, but it now seems that perhaps the text should be modified (NB: New Zealand is not the only country to not have an official language). --Limegreen 03:13, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

I have just talked to Parliament and the Cabinet Office and they have confirmed that the bill has not yet received assent. Apparently it was sent to Government House today (10 April), but they might be having a function on so it might not be signed until tomorrow. It also looks like the PDF on the Clerk's website is being updated regularly, so it may be a good source for these kinds of things in future. Ben Arnold 04:45, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

 * According to the Governor-General's programme, it was meant to be signed at 14:45 on Monday 10 April. Does anyone know if it has been presented to Parliament yet? -- Avenue 01:56, 11 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I've now learned that Parliament doesn't sit again until 2 May, but apparently the Governor-General usually just sends the Speaker a message confirming their assent. -- Avenue 03:35, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Hidden away on the Governor-General's website: she did give Assent to the bill yesterday. So it would have became law today, unless she hasn't informed the Speaker yet. -- Avenue 08:33, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

From zappa's talk page
You've edited the NZSL article claiming that NZSL is now an official language of New Zealand. From what I can gather about the royal assent process this seems highly unlikely. If you have evidence that royal assent has already been given to the New Zealand Sign Language Bill could you please point me to it?

Just some background. The bill doesn't become law in New Zealand until the Governor-General signs it (known as royal assent). Furthermore this particular bill contains a section stating the it doesn't come into effect until the day after royal assent. From what I can gather about royal assent, it looks like it generally happens on a Monday or Thursday. Also it may be that it only occurs when Parliament's sitting. Parliament is taking a break for Easter now, so we may be waiting until 2 May for NZSL to become an official language.

Ben Arnold 02:08, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

 * My bad. I thought something was fishy, but decided to update the article to what I thought was true at the time.  On the front page, it said that it had just been made the official language - nothing about waiting for royal assent.  I read through the article, but it referred to the royal assent as a "constitutional formality", which may be sort of degrading to its legal importance.  Anyways, after reading that, I figured it was not a legal process anymore, just something for show.  But I guess I trust Wikipedia's front page, so I updated it.  Guess I should've dont more research.  Thanks, zappa 22:50, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

The paragraph titled "Dialects"
I don't think the heading 'Dialects' is appropriate. There is no (socio)linguistic research that supports the idea of NZSL having dialects in the sense that other 'standard' languages are said to have dialects.

Yes, there is certainly language variation -- for example the concept of 'people', as in a group of individuals, can be represnted by at least 2 lexemes but there is no research yet to show how, when or why either is used or not used. There is little research to account for the factors that influence this sociolinguistic variation -- factors such as age, areas lived in + school attended (regional variables), age NZSL learnt (native signer, non-native, etc). A 3 year project is currently under way at the Deaf Studies Research Unit, Victoria University of Wellington, (www.vuw.ac.nz) that is looking in to sociolinguistic variation.

NZSL users anecdotally discuss the variation they see (and there seems to be a lot of it), and there is an acceptance of the amount of variety in NZSL by its users (though predictable less so by some learners!). But to imply that the known variation due to school indicates dialects within NZSL is not accurate.

The title is misleading and should be changed.

Aleniboy 15:41, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

So far as I know they are mutually intelligible. I'm going to change it to Variants. --Hugh7 06:46, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

Trilingual translation
Tariana Turia's speech when the NZSL bill came up for its second reading stresses the need for translators between the/te reo Māori language and NZSL. It would be interesting to read something about the unique challenges of learning/using NZSL when your first language isn't English. I'm guessing that NZSL, being partly based on BSL, uses the mouthing of English words along with some signs, to differentiate 'language', say, from 'linguistics'.

Would anyone be able to write on this topic? I am neither a sign language user, nor a New Zealander, let alone a NZSL user and Maori, so I don't know if it is a significant issue for Maori NZSL users. Justinep 15:39, 4 August 2007 (UTC)

Citation on NZSL-BSL-ASL comparisons for someone to enter
If anyone knows how to enter citations (I can't work it out), this is the citation/reference for the statistical info comparing NZSL to BSL and ASL mentioned in the second paragraph of the artice. Incidentally, if you do a search for "62.5% NZSL BSL" on Google Books Search, you will see a scanned copy of the relevant book and article.

McKee, D. and G. Kennedy. 2000. "Lexical Comparisons of Signs from American, Australian, British, and New Zealand Sign Languages" In K. Emmorey & H. Lane (eds) The Signs of Language Revisited: An Anthology to Honor Ursula Bellugi and Edward Klima, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Aleniboy (talk) 21:54, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Done. Aleniboy, all you need to do is enclose your reference in tags. Thx for doing the hard work! ;-) yoyo (talk) 18:52, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

Proposed standardised format for pages describing sign languages
Given this page is linked to the WikiProject Deaf, you may be interested to know that there is a proposed project there to have a standardised format for describing sign languages. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Deaf and go to "Projects". To view the draft template, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Languages/Template_(sign_language). The proposed template is in my view a good one and would help tidy this page up and allow for more language/linguistics orientated descriptions Aleniboy (talk) 14:41, 23 November 2008 (UTC)

School for deaf no longer?
This reference Lopdell Gallery implies the Titirangi School for the Deaf listed is now a gallery ...I'm not even sure about St Dominic's (there's a St Joseph's now at 1--Billymac00 (talk) 22:41, 7 August 2010 (UTC)

Contradiction
"...with no linguistic connection to a spoken or written language..."

"Christchurch - 2 Cs, represents ChCh."

The latter phrase would appear to contradict the former. Tsuguya (talk) 08:37, 25 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Strictly speaking, you're right. It's a pretty rare example, and to say that it proved the rule wrong would be like saying that the word "orangutan" is a linguistic connection between English and Indonesian.--Hugh7 (talk) 01:12, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

The forms of some letters in NZSL fingerspelling obviously mimic the written forms of English. This would appear to be a direct connection to a written language. --Ds13 (talk) 19:46, 4 November 2012 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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title: Talk:New Zealand Sign Language


text:
Talk:Groombridge

Why is this redirect made? Groombridge and Tunbridge Wells are two entirely separate places - and Groombridge is also in Sussex NOT Kent! Peter Shearan 17:40, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Groombridge


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bi-moments

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 02:16, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Bi-moments
Created along with Co-moment, Tri-moments, Anti-moment and Atomic Portfolio Selection, all articles about a non-notable portfolio selection method created by Lanz Chan.-- BMIComp (talk, HOWS MY DRIVING) 17:42, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete Snake oil. Dlyons493 18:12, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nominator. --IByte 23:21, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. — Nowhither 22:16, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.
 * Delete per nominator. --IByte 23:21, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. — Nowhither 22:16, 26 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
1998 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC)

Listed below are the dates and results for the 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds for the Asian zone (AFC). For an overview of the qualification rounds, see the article 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification.

Format
A total of 36 teams entered the competition. The Asian zone was allocated 3.5 places (out of 32) in the final tournament.

There were three rounds of play:
 * First round: The 36 teams were divided into 10 groups of 3 or 4 teams each. The teams played against each other twice, except in Group 10, where the teams played against each other once. The group winners advanced to the final round.
 * Final round: The 10 teams were divided into 2 groups of 5 teams. The teams played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winners qualified for the World Cup. The runners-up advanced to the AFC play-off.
 * Play-off: The two teams played against each other once in Malaysia. The winner qualify for the World Cup. The loser advanced to the AFC–OFC intercontinental play-offs.

Play-off

 * The play-off was played over a single leg at a neutral venue.
 * Extra time was played using the golden goal rule.

Qualified teams
The following four teams from AFC qualified for the final tournament.

 * 1 Bold indicates champions for that year. Italic indicates hosts for that year.

Goalscorers
There were 459 goals scored in 132 matches (including 2 international play-offs), for an average of 3.53 goals per match.
 * 19 goals

 * 🇮🇷 Karim Bagheri

 * 14 goals

 * 🇯🇵 Kazuyoshi Miura

 * 9 goals

 * 🇮🇷 Ali Daei
 * 🇰🇷 Choi Yong-soo

 * 8 goals

 * 🇮🇷 Khodadad Azizi
 * 🇶🇦 Mohammed Salem Al-Enazi
 * 🇺🇿 Oleg Shatskikh

 * 7 goals

 * 🇯🇵 Takuya Takagi
 * Khaled Al-Muwallid

 * 6 goals

 * 🇨🇳 Hao Haidong
 * 🇸🇾 Said Bayazid

 * 5 goals

 * 🇯🇵 Hidetoshi Nakata
 * Jasem Al Huwaidi
 * Ibrahim Al-Shahrani
 * 🇾🇪 Omar Al Ariki

 * 4 goals

 * 🇨🇳 Fan Zhiyi
 * 🇮🇷 Mehdi Mahdavikia
 * 🇮🇷 Alireza Mansourian
 * 🇮🇶 Hussam Fawzi
 * 🇰🇿 Viktor Zubarev
 * Bashar Abdulaziz
 * 🇸🇾 Nihad Al Boushi
 * 🇹🇯 Arsen Avakov
 * Khamees Saad Mubarak
 * 🇺🇿 Ravshan Bozorov
 * 🇺🇿 Andrei Fyodorov
 * 🇺🇿 Igor Shkvyrin

 * 3 goals

 * 🇨🇳 Gao Feng
 * 🇮🇩 Rocky Putiray
 * 🇮🇩 Widodo Putro
 * 🇮🇷 Hamid Estili
 * 🇮🇷 Reza Shahroudi
 * 🇮🇶 Laith Hussein
 * 🇯🇵 Yutaka Akita
 * 🇯🇵 Wagner Lopes
 * 🇯🇵 Hiroshi Nanami
 * 🇰🇿 Boulat Esmagambetov
 * 🇰🇿 Vladimir Loginov
 * 🇰🇿 Pavel Yevteyev
 * 🇰🇬 Sergey Kutsov
 * Ahmed Hassan
 * 🇶🇦 Mahmoud Soufi
 * Obeid Al-Dosari
 * Fahad Al-Mehallel
 * 🇰🇷 Kim Do-hoon
 * 🇰🇷 Lee Sang-yoon
 * 🇰🇷 Yoo Sang-chul
 * 🇸🇾 Nader Joukhadar
 * 🇸🇾 Khaled Al Zaher
 * 🇹🇯 Shukhrat Dzhaborov
 * 🇹🇯 Takhirdjon Mouminov
 * 🇹🇲 Mouslim Agaev
 * Zuhair Bakheet

 * 2 goals

 * Mohammed Jewel Rana
 * Hok Sochetra
 * 🇨🇳 Li Bing
 * 🇨🇳 Ma Mingyu
 * 🇨🇳 Peng Weiguo
 * 🇮🇩 Ansyari Lubis
 * 🇮🇩 Ronny Wabia
 * 🇮🇷 Mehrdad Minavand
 * 🇮🇷 Ali Asghar Modir Roosta
 * 🇮🇶 Sahib Abbas
 * 🇮🇶 Qahtan Chathir
 * 🇯🇵 Shoji Jo
 * 🇯🇵 Hiroaki Morishima
 * 🇯🇵 Masashi Nakayama
 * 🇯🇵 Akinori Nishizawa
 * 🇯🇵 Norio Omura
 * 🇯🇴 Jeris Tadrus
 * 🇰🇿 Alexei Klishin
 * 🇰🇿 Nourken Mazbaev
 * Fawaz Al Ahmad
 * Hamed Al Saleh
 * 🇰🇬 Farhat Haitbaev
 * 🇰🇬 Aleksandr Merzlikin
 * Abdulfattah Shehab
 * Mahfood Sultan Al Araimi
 * Saeed Shaaban Al Busaidy
 * Majdi Shaaban Samir
 * 🇵🇰 Mohammad Umer
 * 🇶🇦 Zamel Al Kuwari
 * 🇶🇦 Adel Khamis Al Noobi
 * 🇶🇦 Fazli
 * 🇰🇷 Choi Moon-sik
 * 🇰🇷 Ha Seok-ju
 * 🇰🇷 Seo Jung-won
 * Roshan Perera
 * 🇸🇾 Aref Al Agha
 * 🇸🇾 Tarek Jabban
 * 🇹🇯 Oumed Alidodov
 * 🇹🇯 Viacheslav Knizaev
 * 🇹🇭 Natipong Sritong-In
 * Adnan Al Talyani
 * Adel Mohamed Abdulla
 * 🇺🇿 Numon Khasanov
 * 🇺🇿 Sergey Lebedev
 * 🇺🇿 Shukhrat Maksudov
 * 🇺🇿 Abdukahhor Marifaliev
 * 🇺🇿 Nikolai Shirshov

 * 1 goal

 * 🇧🇭 Khaled Al-Doseri
 * 🇧🇭 Hameed Darwish
 * 🇧🇭 Faisal Aziz Rashed
 * Mohammed Alfaz Ahmed
 * Ahmed Imtiaz
 * 🇨🇳 Li Jinyu
 * 🇨🇳 Li Ming
 * 🇨🇳 Mao Yijun
 * 🇨🇳 Su Maozhen
 * 🇨🇳 Zhang Enhua
 * Chen Kuei-jen
 * Hsu Te Ming
 * Huang Che-ming
 * Lin Wen Han
 * 🇭🇰 Au Wai Lun
 * 🇭🇰 Cheng Sin Siu
 * 🇭🇰 Lee Kin Woo
 * 🇮🇳 Carlton Chapman
 * 🇮🇳 Bruno Coutinho
 * 🇮🇳 Raman Vijayan
 * 🇮🇩 Sudirman
 * 🇮🇷 Farhad Majidi
 * 🇮🇷 Ali Mousavi
 * 🇮🇶 Haidar Abdullah
 * 🇮🇶 Ahmed Radhi
 * 🇮🇶 Sadiq Saadoun
 * 🇯🇵 Yasuto Honda
 * 🇯🇵 Masami Ihara
 * 🇯🇵 Masayuki Okano
 * 🇯🇵 Naoki Soma
 * 🇯🇵 Motohiro Yamaguchi
 * 🇯🇴 Basam Al-Khateeb
 * 🇯🇴 Hassouneh Al-Sheikh
 * 🇰🇿 Ruslan Baltiyev
 * 🇰🇿 Vitali Sparyshev
 * 🇰🇿 Valeri Yablochkin
 * 🇰🇿 Dmitri Yurist
 * Faisal Al Otaibi
 * Hani Al Saqer
 * Jamal Mubarak
 * Abdullah Saihan
 * 🇰🇬 Vladimir Chertkov
 * 🇰🇬 Sergei Ivanov
 * 🇰🇬 Alexandr Korzanov
 * 🇰🇬 Kanat Sardarov
 * 🇰🇬 Rafik Yusupov
 * Babkin Melikian
 * Wael Nazha
 * 🇲🇴 Che Chi Man
 * 🇲🇴 Cheang Chon Man
 * 🇲🇴 José Maria da Cruz Martins
 * Idris Abdul Karim
 * Azman Adnan
 * Ahmad Che Zambil
 * Rosdee Sulong
 * Zainal Abidin Hassan
 * Deepak Amatya
 * Hari Khadka
 * Mohamed Tayib Abdul Noor
 * Farid Al Masori
 * Nabeel Mubar Al Siyabi
 * 🇵🇰 Zahir Rafiq
 * 🇶🇦 Dahi Al Naemi
 * 🇶🇦 Abdul Jaloof
 * 🇶🇦 Nasir Khamees
 * 🇶🇦 Waleed Bakhit Maayof
 * Abdulaziz Al-Dosari
 * Abdullah Al-Dosari
 * Sami Al-Jaber
 * Khalid Al-Temawi
 * Yousuf Al-Thunayan
 * Khamis Al-Zahrani
 * Chuan Tan Teng
 * Zulkarnaen Zainal
 * 🇰🇷 Ko Jeong-woon
 * 🇰🇷 Lee Min-sung
 * 🇰🇷 Park Kun-ha
 * 🇰🇷 Roh Sang-rae
 * Anton Silva
 * Chaminda Steinwall
 * 🇸🇾 Redwan Abrash
 * 🇸🇾 Ali Cheikh Dib
 * 🇸🇾 Abdel Kader Rifai
 * 🇸🇾 Ammar Rihawi
 * 🇸🇾 Bashar Srour
 * 🇸🇾 Loay Taleb
 * 🇹🇯 Alier Achourmamadov
 * 🇹🇭 Dusit Chalermsan
 * 🇹🇭 Krissada Piandit
 * 🇹🇭 Piyapong Pue-on
 * 🇹🇲 Redjeb Agabaev
 * 🇹🇲 Valeri Broshin
 * 🇹🇲 Valeri Gulyan
 * 🇹🇲 Djumadurdy Meredov
 * 🇹🇲 Georgi Tkavadze
 * Bakhit Alabadla
 * Gholam Ali
 * Hassan Mubarak
 * Mohamed Obaid
 * Ahmed Saeed
 * 🇺🇿 Jafar Irismetov
 * 🇺🇿 Bahtior Kambaraliev
 * 🇺🇿 Mirdjalal Kasimov
 * Lê Huỳnh Đức
 * Nguyễn Công Vinh
 * 🇾🇪 Abdul Rahman Abdulla
 * 🇾🇪 Jeyeb Bashafal
 * 🇾🇪 Esam Dariban
 * 🇾🇪 Munif Shaef Noman
 * 🇾🇪 Mohammed Zughair

 * 1 own goal

 * 🇮🇶 Sadiq Saadoun (playing against Kazakhstan)
 * Raju Kaji Shakya (playing against Oman)

title: 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Freebooter the band

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 02:15, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Freebooter the band
Appears to be band vanity. Google only yields an unsigned band of the same name. --JiFish(Talk/Contrib) 17:42, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

Could be vanity I agree, but i've tidied up the page. If it does stay then the article should be renamed "Rebooter" and not "Rebooter the band" --user:Matt.whitby

Delete Vanity page. --Isotope23 18:35, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Skwik. Try it, you might like it. Alf 21:47, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn band vanity. -- Etacar11   04:28, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, to suggest such a transwiki is a little bit outrageous. Punkmorten 20:42, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

I can't believe Wikipedia, judging and deleting what is vanity, or what doesn't belong according to Wikipedia's view. It's unfortunate that the obscure must remain so because people keep it that way. Not everything exists in many places on the Internet. (Unsigned comment by )
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.