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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Edward Tudor

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus, defaulted to keep. -- Phroziac (talk) 14:15, September 8, 2005 (UTC)

Edward Tudor
There is only flimsy evidence that this individual ever existed. There is nothing to show he ever did anything, notable or otherwise, besides possibly being born to royalty, and even that seems unlikely. Sarge Baldy 04:33, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Our article on Henry VII of England doesn't mention him having a son of that name. Neither does Historic World Leaders published by Galenet in 1994. As it is not verifiable, the contents should be deleted and it should become a redirect to Edward VI of England. Capitalistroadster 05:17, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect With only a couple of sentances in the entry it would be better to redirect this to the Henry VII page untill such time more information can be located as to the veracity of the entry--Machtzu 05:26, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Henry VII of England and label as rumor until more verifiable info can be found to warrant separate entry. - Mgm|(talk) 10:05, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge to Henry VII of England, then redirect to Edward VI of England (possibly adding an "otheruses" notice to the top of the latter). KissL 10:16, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * DeleteLack of evedence DV8 2XL 11:24, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Henry VII of England until confirmed proof of existence can be found and verified. Prsgoddess187 15:41, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Edward VI of England, an Edward Tudor who definitely did exist. This article is rumour, probably unfounded, even turning it into a redirect to Henry VII of England could be giving this rumour undue legitimacy, although it could be mentioned very briefly in the article on Henry.  PatGallacher 17:41, 2005 August 31 (UTC)
 * Keep - The fact there is a possibility he existed, and that there is discussion, is grounds that he is of significant historical interest, and should be kept. Rhyddfrydol, 22:27 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Any son, or possible son, of a King of England, deserves an article. Bhoeble 01:59, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Edward VI of England, who is by far the most famous person named Edward Tudor. john k 03:54, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Edward VI of England. Contents practically already are at Henry VII. 217.140.193.123 20:02, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per Bhoeble. Do not merge.   —RaD Man (talk) 06:57, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as per Bhoeble. --Nicodemus75 11:01, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Pitt Town Bottoms, New South Wales

Pitt Town Bottoms is a historic town and suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Pitt Town Bottoms is located 58 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Hawkesbury. It is bounded in the west by the Hawkesbury River.

History
Pitt Town Bottoms was the location of the first settlements in the district. It was here, in 1794, that Lieutenant-Governor Francis Grose granted fifteen 30-acre (12 hectare) farms to free settlers. From here, fresh produce for the infant Sydney town was shipped down the Hawkesbury River.

Lots 43 and 44 constitute the area that was bought by emancipee James Ruse in 1794.

In recent times Pitt Town Bottoms has become home to a popular radio-controlled aircraft flying field. It is also a major base of the Sydney lawn turf industry.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pitt Town Bottoms, New South Wales


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Pleasure Point, New South Wales

Pleasure Point is a small suburb, in south-western Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Pleasure Point is 27 km south west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Liverpool. Its postcode is 2172.

Geography
Pleasure Point is a geographical formation on the southern bank of the Georges River which lends its name to the suburb. The only adjacent suburbs are Voyager Point, Sandy Point and Holsworthy. East Hills and Picnic Point are located on the opposite bank of the Georges River. The suburb has been around for more than 30 years. The boundaries of the suburb were altered by the creation of the suburb of Voyager Point in 1987. The Holsworthy Army Base is located near Pleasure Point.

title: Pleasure Point, New South Wales


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Harry Bishop (politician)

Harry A. Bishop (c. 1869 – May 12, 1920) was an American politician who served as the mayor of Juneau, Alaska from 1912 to 1913.

title: Harry Bishop (politician)


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Pleasure Point

Pleasure Point may refer to:
 * Pleasure Point, New South Wales, Australia
 * Pleasure Point, California, United States

title: Pleasure Point


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File:Vaughn Bode.jpg

Summary
Photograph of comic book artist Vaughn Bodē.

Fair use rationale

 * 1) This image is used to illustrate the Vaughn Bodē article.
 * 2) It does not limit the copyright owner's rights to market or sell the work in any way.
 * 3) This image is used on various websites, so its use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible or visible than it already is.
 * 4) The image is being used in an informative way and should not detract from the original work.
 * 5) No free or public domain images have been located for this item.

title: File:Vaughn Bode.jpg


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Pitt Town, New South Wales

Pitt Town is a historic town and suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Pitt Town is 59 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Hawkesbury. It is bounded in the north by the Hawkesbury River.

Settlement
European settlement in Pitt Town began from 1791 when Governor Arthur Phillip camped in the area, with a number of land grants being given in the following year along the river front in what is now known as Pitt Town Bottoms. Some of the earliest land holders included James Ruse. Pitt Town is one of the five "Macquarie Towns" established by Governor Macquarie in 1810. It is named after William Pitt the Younger, the 18th Century British Prime Minister who is responsible for initially planning the colonisation of New South Wales as a penal settlement. After the townships were christened by Lachlan Macquarie at a dinner in December 1810 at Government House, Windsor, a site for a village was laid out in early 1811 but developed very slowly, largely because of the distance from the river front and the settled farms. Consequently, Governor Macquarie returned to the area and together with Surveyor James Meehan, resurveyed the area to mark out a new location for the township. In October 1815, Macquarie issued orders via the Sydney Gazette that the town was to be relocated to its present location, with land grants in the new (present) township being given to the settlers from November 1815. By 1841 there were only 36 houses in the town, still largely due to its location being too far from the rich river flats and the consequent long daily trek for farmers to their holdings.

The street names of Pitt Town bear testament to the 1808 British Cabinet, including Eldon, Grenville, Bathurst, Liverpool, Buckingham, Chatham, and Chandos Streets. Chandos Street was later renamed Church Street.

Electricity first came to Pitt Town in 1935, with the township being connected to town water supply in the early 1940s as evidenced by the large water tower that stood in Hall Street until 2019 when it was decommissioned and demolished by Sydney Water.

Pitt Town was the site of the first use of agricultural irrigation in Australia, when Pitt Town pioneer Lawrence May trialled its use to irrigate his crops. May also established the first windmill in Pitt Town for the production of flour.

Pitt Town has also had an important relationship to the Hawkesbury River, being the site of John Grono's large boatbuilding enterprise in the early 19th century and had a ferry service running from the northern end of the township to Wilberforce which was taken over by the Presbyterian Church and remained in service until the 1920s. The original punt bell survives in the Hawkesbury Regional Museum at Windsor.

For much of the 19th century, Pitt Town was an isolated rural community, surrounded by an agricultural landscape, producing large quantities of maize, grain and corn. By the 20th century, much of the agricultural produce was in citrus (oranges). However, with the rise in importation of citrus from the global market, demand for the local market gradually dwindled and many citrus growers bulldozed their groves. Since 2010, the landscape has been transitioning to urban residential.

In 1987, the Pitt Town Shopping Centre was constructed with the Bird in Hand Inn being converted to a public inn. For most of the 20th Century, it served as a general store, known as Millers Store. It was originally built opposite the current site in 1825 but was demolished and the present building built in the mid-1840s. The shopping village in Eldon Street was extended along Bathurst Street in 2006.

Pitt Town has also been the site of numerous interesting as well as controversial development and infrastructure proposals. During the 1940s, to bolster Australia's defence in the War in the Pacific, it was necessary to accommodate for the additional aircraft. An ancillary runway to the Richmond RAAF base was built in what is today known as 'Airstrip Road'. It was here that decoy aircraft complete with decoy buildings and vegetable gardens were installed, while the real aircraft was concealed beneath camouflage nets. Following the end of World War II in 1945, the Pitt Town Airstrip was converted for use as a race track by James Hardie, where the Ferrodo disc brakes were trialled. This lasted until the mid 1960s.

During the late 1980s, Pitt Town had been identified as the potential site of Sydney's second international airport, with the proposed runways (shown on official reports at the time), running directly through the present village area. Had the proposal succeeded, Pitt Town would have been eradicated from existence. By the end of the 1980s, a proposal had been made to convert the nearby former Army training camp at Scheyville to a high-security prison. The various controversial proposals ultimately led to the formation of the Pitt Town Preservation Society, who advocated for the protection and promotion of the historical significance of Pitt Town, producing a periodical to their subscribers called 'The Crier'.

1915 marked the 100th anniversary of the re-establishment of Pitt Town and 2015 marked the bicentenary. As part of the 2010 bicentenary of the Macquarie Towns, a parade was held along Bathurst Street.

Architecture and infrastructure
Pitt Town has two churches: St James Anglican Church ('Pitt town Anglican Church') and associated cemetery, and The Scots Church which face each other on Bathurst Street. There are also two cemeteries in Pitt Town. The Pitt Town General Cemetery is located on Old Stock Route Road. The Pitt Town (St James) Anglican Cemetery is on Old Pitt Town Road, and it contains many of the early pioneers of Pitt Town.

During World War II a second airstrip was built in Pitt Town to cope with the additional volume of aircraft movements at the Royal Australian Air Force base. Following the end of the war, the airstrip was abandoned and became an automotive race and testing track for Hardie-Ferodo. It is now a public road known as Airstrip Road.

Heritage listings
Pitt Town has a large concentration of heritage-listed sites, indicative of the early and significant history of the area, including the following listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register:

 * 104-106 Bathurst Street: Macquarie Arms Inn
 * 87 Eldon Street: Bird In The Hand Inn

Sites listed on other heritage registers include:

 * St James's Anglican Church on Bathurst Street was designed by Edmund Blacket. It was built by Thomas Collison for £1050 in 1857–58. Blacket also designed the 24 pews, pulpit, reading desk and communion rail. The church is in the Victorian Gothic Revival style, which was normal practice for religious buildings, and is listed on the Register of the National Estate.
 * Scots Presbyterian Church, a much simpler building than St James, was built and dedicated in 1862. Located opposite the Anglican church in Bathurst Street. It is in the Gothic Revival style and is listed on the Register of the National Estate.
 * At 120 and 126 Bathurst Street there are late nineteenth century weatherboard houses; at 132 Bathurst Street there are very old slab cottages and outbuildings.
 * Bona Vista in Johnston Street was built in 1888. It has a long entrance drive with Norfolk Island pines and camphor. Its original rural landscaped setting has now been lost through the recent residential subdivision of the area.
 * At the northern end of Bathurst Street, overlooking Pitt Town Bottoms, is The Manse, which belonged to the oldest Presbyterian Church in Australia, situated across and down the river at Ebenezer. This illustrates that the early communities were not divided by the Hawkesbury River but united by it. The Manse is listed on the Register of the National Estate.

Culture
The majority of Pitt Town has an Australian or English background, with an Anglican or Catholic religious affiliation. The most spoken language is English, followed by Maltese (0.8%). The majority (91.8%) of Pitt Town only speaks English at home.

Politics
Pitt Town has shown a continued support for the Australian Liberal Party across all electorates. In the 2016 Federal Election, the Pitt Town polling place showed a two-party preferred of 76.4% for the Liberal Party despite the broader electorate showing a 52.2% two-party preference for the Australian Labor Party. In the 2019 New South Wales state election, the Pitt Town polling place showed a two-party preferred of 81.7% for the Liberal Party, with the broader Hawkesbury electorate showing a two-party preferred of 67.5% for the Liberal Party.

There have been few local political issues in Pitt Town. Most have concerned local gentrification. Long-term residents have shown resistance to population growth and demanded newer infrastructures to mitigate growing traffic in the area. The New South Wales government has responded to these concerns by considering the development of a "Pitt Town bypass" to divert traffic away from the town centre.

Population
Pitt Town is a growing suburb in the north-west of Greater Western Sydney. In 2006, it had a population of 1,311. 10 years later in 2016, Pitt Town had a population of 3,033. Over the 10-year period, the population of Pitt Town increased by 231.4%. Pitt Town's population is continuing to grow due to the expanding Vermont development which began in 2007, and the Eden Fields development by Allam Property Group. Pitt Town is also less than 7 kilometres north of Sydney's North West Growth Area which has accounted for the influx of population.

In 2018, the Roads & Maritime Services has recently approved a long-awaited bypass of the township to divert through-traffic away from the town centre when travelling to Cattai and Wisemans Ferry from Windsor. Further, the low rental price despite a high property value may be explained by the distance from public transport, commerce, jobs, and other amenities which attract tenants. Pitt Town is 8.8 km from Mulgrave railway station, and has only two bus services at low frequency.

Wealth
The residents of Pitt Town have grown in wealth over the past decade. In 2006, the median weekly household income was $1,265. In 2016, it was $2,316 per week. Over 10 years, the median weekly household income increased by 183.1%, despite the consumer price index increasing by only 126.9% during the same 10-year period. In light of the Sydney housing bubble, the trend of the median property price has been exponential. In 2009, the median property price was approximately $442,500, which increased to A$1,350,000 by 2017. Pitt Town has been recognised as one of Sydney's latest "million-dollar suburbs". Average rent has correspondingly increased from a median of $219 in 2011, to $400 in 2016.

Pitt Town's wealth is higher than the state and national average, but lower than the surrounding suburbs. In 2017, Pitt Town had an average house sale price of $1.3 million. To the north of Pitt Town is Cattai which had an average house sale price of A$1.6 million in 2017. To the south of Pitt Town is Oakville which had an average house sale price of A$2.1 million in 2017. Finally, to the east of Pitt Town is Maraylya which had an average house sale price of A$1.9 million in 2017. The difference in property price may be a result of Pitt Town's averagely smaller land size compared to the surrounding rural estates.

Education
Pitt Town Public School is on Buckingham Street and is an Australian primary school. It is the fourth schoolhouse in Pitt Town. The first and original schoolhouse was established around 1814 and was situated along present-day Old Pitt Town Road, near the current Church of England burial ground. Originally of Anglican denomination, the first schoolhouse was abandoned in 1820, when the Colonial Government purchased a large weatherboard house, converting it into a temporary chapel and schoolhouse, becoming the second schoolhouse. In 1827, the third schoolhouse was built, which was of brick construction and situated on land reserved for education and a church. It would become the future site of Pitt Town Anglican Church (1857–1858).

In 1876, a new schoolhouse was being built around the corner in Buckingham Street as the first Government school in Pitt Town. It opened in 1878.

Pitt Town is also serviced by Arndell Anglican College in Oakville (5.1 km away), and Windsor High School in Windsor (5.4 km away).

Pop culture
In 1981, Pitt Town became known nationally and internationally as the setting for Wandin Valley in the long-running television series A Country Practice (1981–1993). The series was broadcast twice weekly on the Australian Television Network Seven Network (ATN-7).

The television drama series A Country Practice used this village for many external scenes. The heritage house opposite Pitt Town Public School was used as the home of characters Frank and Shirley Gilroy (Brian Wenzel and Lorrae Desmond). The hardware store on the corner of Bathurst, Eldon and Grenville Streets was known as "Muldoon's Store", the Bird in Hand Inn was known as the "Wandin Valley General Store". Other buildings used include a number of private residential dwellings along Bathurst Street for 'Matron Maggie Sloan' (Joan Sydney) and Eldon Street and Hawkesbury Street for 'Esme Watson' (Joyce Jacobs). The television series also used a number of other well known buildings in the Hawkesbury area, including the hospital (located at 29 Clare Crescent in Oakville), the doctor's surgery (the former Court House Hotel, Windsor located at 37-39 North St, Windsor), Burrigan High School (Windsor High School), and Burrigan Swimming Pool (the former Hornsby Aquatic Centre – demolished in 2012). When A Country Practice was relaunched on rival Network Ten in 1994, filming moved to Emerald, Victoria.

title: Pitt Town, New South Wales


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Liquefaction of gases

Liquefaction of gases is physical conversion of a gas into a liquid state (condensation). The liquefaction of gases is a complicated process that uses various compressions and expansions to achieve high pressures and very low temperatures, using, for example, turboexpanders.

Uses
Liquefaction processes are used for scientific, industrial and commercial purposes. Many gases can be put into a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressure by simple cooling; a few, such as carbon dioxide, require pressurization as well. Liquefaction is used for analyzing the fundamental properties of gas molecules (intermolecular forces), or for the storage of gases, for example: LPG, and in refrigeration and air conditioning. There the gas is liquefied in the condenser, where the heat of vaporization is released, and evaporated in the evaporator, where the heat of vaporization is absorbed. Ammonia was the first such refrigerant, and is still in widespread use in industrial refrigeration, but it has largely been replaced by compounds derived from petroleum and halogens in residential and commercial applications.

Liquid oxygen is provided to hospitals for conversion to gas for patients with breathing problems, and liquid nitrogen is used in the medical field for cryosurgery, by inseminators to freeze semen, and by field and lab scientists to preserve samples. Liquefied chlorine is transported for eventual solution in water, after which it is used for water purification, sanitation of industrial waste, sewage and swimming pools, bleaching of pulp and textiles and manufacture of carbon tetrachloride, glycol and numerous other organic compounds as well as phosgene gas.

Liquefaction of helium (4He) with the precooled Hampson–Linde cycle led to a Nobel Prize for Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1913. At ambient pressure the boiling point of liquefied helium is 4.22 K. Below 2.17 K liquid 4He becomes a superfluid (Nobel Prize 1978, Pyotr Kapitsa) and shows characteristic properties such as heat conduction through second sound, zero viscosity and the fountain effect among others.

The liquefaction of air is used to obtain nitrogen, oxygen, and argon and other atmospheric noble gases by separating the air components by fractional distillation in a cryogenic air separation unit.

Linde's process
Air is liquefied by the Linde process, in which air is alternately compressed, cooled, and expanded, each expansion results in a considerable reduction in temperature. With the lower temperature the molecules move more slowly and occupy less space, so the air changes phase to become liquid.

Claude's process
Air can also be liquefied by Claude's process in which the gas is allowed to expand isentropically twice in two chambers. While expanding, the gas has to do work as it is led through an expansion turbine. The gas is not yet liquid, since that would destroy the turbine. Commercial air liquefication plants bypass this problem by expanding the air at supercritical pressures. Final liquefaction takes place by isenthalpic expansion in a thermal expansion valve.

title: Liquefaction of gases


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Picnic Point, New South Wales

Picnic Point, a suburb of local government area City of Canterbury-Bankstown, is 23 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is a part of South-western Sydney region. Picnic Point is a residential suburb on the northern bank of the Georges River. Located within Picnic Point is Yeramba Lagoon which is the largest tract of National Park within the Canterbury – Bankstown Council, it is home to numerous species of native fauna and flora.

History
Picnic Point was the name given to the geographical feature on the Georges River. The suburb was originally part of East Hills, which stretched south from Bankstown to the river and east to The River Road. Picnic Point was gazetted as a suburb in 1975, with new boundaries gazetted in 1994.

During World War II, Picnic Point National Park was the location of a remote receiving station and operations bunker that was owned and operated by the RAAF. This facility was used in conjunction with two other facilities, one of them located in Bankstown, the Bankstown Bunker, which was RAAF headquarters at the time and the other in Bass Hill which was a transmitting station in Johnston Road. The location of the remote receiving station in Picnic Point is now located under the Transgrid South Sydney electricity sub station.

Schools

 * Picnic Point High School
 * Picnic Point Public School

Sport and recreation
Picnic Point features a number of parks and reserves along the river, including the Georges River National Park. As the suburb's name suggests, the area is popular with picnickers. The boat ramps provide access to the river for boating and watersports such as waterskiing and wakeboarding.

title: Picnic Point, New South Wales


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Black Fork (Cheat River tributary)

The Black Fork is a principal tributary of the Cheat River in the Allegheny Mountains of eastern West Virginia, USA. It is a short stream, about four miles (6 km) in length, formed by the confluence of two other streams not far above its mouth. It was traditionally considered one of the five Forks of Cheat.

Geography
Via the Cheat, Monongahela and Ohio Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 500 square miles (1,295 km²). The Black Fork flows for its entire length in Tucker County. It is formed at the town of Hendricks by the confluence of the Dry Fork and the Blackwater River, and flows generally northwestwardly through Hambleton to Parsons, where it joins the Shavers Fork to form the Cheat River.

Name
The U.S. Board on Geographic Names settled on "Black Fork" as the stream's name in 1930. According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as "Blackwater Fork" and as the Blackwater River.

title: Black Fork (Cheat River tributary)


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Picnic Point

Picnic Point may refer to:
 * Picnic Point, New South Wales, a suburb in Australia
 * Picnic Point, Toowoomba, a park and lookout in Queensland, Australia
 * Picnic Point-North Lynnwood, Washington, United States

title: Picnic Point


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Phillip Bay, New South Wales

Phillip Bay is a suburb in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 13 kilometres south-east of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Randwick. Its postcode is 2036.

Description
Phillip Bay is one of the smallest suburbs in Randwick Municipality, in spite of including Yarra Bay and Bicentennial Park. It is a low-density residential area with a large variety of housing types, including villas, cottages, blocks of flats up to three storeys and townhouses. It has an extremely high percentage of detached homes: 80%, compared to the average of 28% in the Randwick Municipality. Semidetached homes are relatively few as a percentage of total housing: 6.4% compared to an average of 15% in the municipality.

Catholic and Baptist churches can be found in Yarra Road and an Aboriginal Evangelical Church in Adina Avenue, although it was disused as of 2009. La Perouse Primary School is situated in Yarra Road, Phillip Bay. Beach and recreational areas are situated along Yarra Bay. Yarra Bay House is located on Yarra Point, between Frenchmans Bay and Yarra Bay.

Aboriginal People
Aboriginal people were the first to live at Phillip Bay and La Perouse. Their presence was recorded by Arthur Phillip and the French expedition led by Lapérouse who arrived within six days of each other in January 1788. A camp was established at Phillip Bay in 1883, under the Aborigines Protection Board. The settlement has been run by a variety of church and welfare groups over time. The reserve was moved back from the unstable sand to around the Elaroo Avenue area, at the end of the 1920s. The area is now owned by Aboriginal people, as is Yarra Bay House and the headland between Frenchmans Bay and Yarra Bay.

Europeans
The First Fleet ship HMS Supply carrying Captain Arthur Phillip arrived in Botany Bay on 18 January 1788. The anchorage was named "Phillip Bay". Examination of the immediate vicinity by Phillip concluded the area 'unsuitable for habitation'. After the arrival of Captain John Hunter in HMS Sirius on 20 January, Phillip, Hunter and two other men explored the coast northwards by boat, eventually finding Port Jackson. The fleet was then relocated to what became Sydney Cove.

The adjacent suburb La Perouse was named after Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse who arrived at Botany Bay on 26 January 1788 just as the First Fleet was being relocated. "Phillip Bay" was eventually renamed "Yarra Bay" based on its Aboriginal name while the suburb has retained the original European name.

The area around La Perouse developed as many seaside suburbs did through outdoor pastimes and weekend visitors, especially after the tram line was built in around 1900. Many unemployed people built makeshift homes in the Phillip Bay area during the Great Depression of the 1920s and 1930s. "Happy Valley" and "Hill 60" were to the north and mostly housed white people, while Aboriginal people mostly lived in the "Frog Hollow" area to the south.

Yarra Bay House
Yarra Bay House was built in 1903 as an addition to the Cable Station at La Perouse. When a second cable was laid in 1890, extra room was needed to house the workers. When the Cable Station became obsolete after 1917, the house was home to various government departments including the Director of Public Instruction (later the Education Department) and the Department of Youth and Community Services.

In 1985, the title was given to the Aboriginal Land Council. A freshwater billabong has been constructed at the Back of Yarra Bay House to encourage the return of local frogs and birdlife. Restoration of the building was being carried out as of 2009.

Population
In the 2016 Census, there were 704 people in Phillip Bay. 70.7% of people were born in Australia and 75.7% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion in Phillip Bay were Catholic 37.3%, No Religion 21.0% and Anglican 15.4%.

Landmarks

 * Yarra Bay House, Yarra Bay Sailing Club
 * Yarra Bay, Yarra Point, Bumborah Point, Bicentennial Park.

title: Phillip Bay, New South Wales


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Wikipedia:Peer review/Jean Charles de Menezes/archive1

Jean Charles de Menezes
Although this article is still current, I think it is very solid and I'd like to see it reach FA after the story "stabilizes" and becomes a non-current event. I'm proud of some of the writing and consensus building that has gone on, but there's structure problems in terms of stuff that could be reorganized into a more compact form, and probably some stuff that is really unnecessary which ought to be removed or moved to other articles. I'm looking for some good opinions on how to make this ideal. -Kwh 04:39, August 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * It is very good work, well referenced and neutral. However, I personally feel that this shouldn't be a FA until the various inquiries are completed. This will likely take months, if not years. To be a FA it also needs a longer lead. - SimonP 03:57, September 1, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the feedback! -Kwh 06:17, September 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * There is quite a bit that is contentious regarding the circumstances about this person's death, so I'd leave it a while before FA nomination. You could mention something about some of the Muslim extremists exploiting the mistake, though were you would find neutral, factual information about that is indeed an arduous task--Knucmo2 00:13, 7 September 2005 (UTC)


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Now! (Bobby Hutcherson album)

Now! is an album by jazz vibraphonist Bobby Hutcherson, released on the Blue Note label. The album is the first of Hutcherson's to feature vocals, contributed by Gene McDaniels and a chorus. The CD reissue includes four tracks recorded live at the Hollywood Bowl, in 1977.

Track listing
Oroginal tracks
 * 1) "Slow Change" (Hutcherson, McDaniels) - 7:17
 * 2) "Hello to the Wind" (Chambers, McDaniels) - 5:59
 * 3) "Now" (Hutcherson, McDaniels) - 2:46
 * 4) "The Creators" (Herbie Lewis) - 12:35
 * 5) "Black Heroes" (Harold Land) - 7:06

Additional live tracks on CD (2004)
 * 1) "Slow Change" (Hutcherson, McDaniels) - 5:05
 * 2) "Now" (Hutcherson, McDaniels) - 2:49
 * 3) "Hello to the Wind" (Chambers, McDaniels) - 3:08
 * 4) "Now" [Reprise] (Hutcherson, McDaniels) - 1:43

Personnel
Tracks 2–3 Recorded at A & R Studios, New York on October 3, 1969.
 * Bobby Hutcherson - vibraphone, marimba
 * Harold Land - tenor saxophone
 * Kenny Barron - piano
 * Wally Richardson - guitar
 * Herbie Lewis - bass
 * Joe Chambers - drums
 * Candido Camero - congas
 * Gene McDaniels- lead vocals
 * Hilda Harris, Albertine M. Robinson, Christine Spencer - backing vocals

Tracks 1, 4–5 Recorded at A & R Studios, New York on November 5, 1969.
 * Bobby Hutcherson - vibes
 * Harold Land - tenor saxophone
 * Stanley Cowell - piano, electric piano
 * Wally Richardson - guitar
 * Herbie Lewis - bass
 * Joe Chambers - drums
 * Candido Camero - congas, bongo
 * Gene McDaniels - lead vocals
 * Eileen Gilbert, Christine Spencer, Maeretha Stewart - backing vocals

Tracks 6–9 Recorded live at the Hollywood Bowl, Los Angeles on August 13, 1977.
 * Bobby Hutcherson - vibes
 * Manny Boyd - tenor sax, soprano sax
 * George Cables - piano
 * James Leary - bass
 * Eddie Marshall - drums
 * Bobbye Hall Porter - percussion
 * Dale Oehler - arranger
 * Los Angeles Philharmonic conducted by Calvin Simmons

title: Now! (Bobby Hutcherson album)


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Eero Mäntyranta

Eero Antero Mäntyranta (20 November 1937 – 29 December 2013 ) was one of the most successful Finnish cross-country skiers. He competed in four Winter Olympics (1960–1972) winning seven medals at three of them. His performance at the 1964 Winter Olympics earned him the nickname "Mister Seefeld", referring to the venue where the cross-country skiing and biathlon competitions took place. The Finnish Ministry of Education endowed him with the Pro Urheilu letter of recognition in 2000. There is also a museum centered on Mäntyranta in his birthplace of Pello.

Genetics and doping
Mäntyranta had primary familial and congenital polycythemia (PFCP) causing an increase in red blood cell mass and hemoglobin due to a mutation in the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) gene, which was identified following a DNA study that found the mutation in a high proportion of members of his extended family, as reported in 1993. The elevated hematocrit caused by the condition increases the ability of the blood to transport oxygen; the EPOR mutation is speculated to have contributed to Mäntyranta's remarkable endurance.

In 1972 Mäntyranta tested positive for amphetamine at a Finnish competition, becoming the first of his countrymen known to be caught doping. He later admitted taking hormones, which were not yet prohibited.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games

 * 7 medals – (3 gold, 2 silver, 2 bronze)

World Championships

 * 5 medals – (2 gold, 2 silver, 1 bronze)

Accomplishments

 * National domestic championships: five gold, two silver and two bronze
 * Holmenkollen ski festival championships first place 1962, 1964 and 1968 (15 km)
 * Holmenkollen medal in 1964 (Shared with Veikko Kankkonen, Georg Thoma, and Halvor Næs.).
 * Salpausselkä games win 1964 and 1972.

title: Eero Mäntyranta


text:
Penshurst, New South Wales

Penshurst is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Penshurst is located 17 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district and is part of the St George area.

Penshurst features low to medium-density housing.

History
Penshurst was named after Penshurst, Kent, England. Originally part of the land grant to Robert Townson (1763–1827), the land was acquired in 1830 by John Connell, who left it to his grandsons J.C. and E.P. Laycock. Connell's Bush was subdivided by the Laycocks and the western part sold to Thomas Sutcliffe Mort.

The early work in the area was timber-cutting and small farming. The railway station opened 17 May 1890. A large portion of Penshurst located south of the railway line is referred to as the MacRae's Estate, as it was once owned by the MacRae family. This particular area is now between Laycock Road and Grove Avenue, and Hillcrest and Railway Parade. The original homestead is still present on Laycock Road, along with a caretakers house for the stables. McRaes Reserve used to have a river running through it and the path of that river is now replaced with an underground rainwater system.

Heritage listings
Penshurst has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 * 663-665 King Georges Road: West Maling
 * Laycock Road: Penshurst Reservoirs

Commercial area
The main shopping centre is located around Penshurst railway station on Penshurst Street, Bridge Street and The Strand. Commercial developments are also found along Forest Road and King Georges Road. The Penshurst RSL Club is a centre of social activity. The area also contains The Gamesmen Store and Museum, dedicated to video games since 1982.

Transport
Penshurst railway station is on the Illawarra Line of the Sydney Trains network. It is approximately 27 minutes from Sydney Central via train. The main roads through Penshurst are King Georges Road and Forest Road. U-Go Mobility also operates bus services 941 and 943 in Penshurst.

Places of worship

 * St Declan's Roman Catholic Church
 * St John Anglican Church
 * St Andrew Presbyterian
 * Penshurst Uniting Church
 * Penshurst Mosque (Australian Bosnian Islamic Society)
 * Penshurst Jehovahs Witnesses Kingdom Hall
 * Penshurst Assemblies of God Church
 * Revival Life Centre
 * Penshurst General Church of New Jerusalem

Schools

 * George's River Girls High School
 * Marist College Penshurst
 * St Declans Catholic Primary School
 * Penshurst Public School
 * Penshurst West Primary School
 * Hurstville Grove Infants School

Sport and recreation
Penshurst local attractions include an Aquatic Centre, a park and tennis courts. Penshurst RSL Junior Rugby League Club, part of the St. George District Junior Rugby League competition, is a rugby league club that operates from HV Evatt Park in nearby Lugarno.

Penshurst has a local cricket club and play in the St George District Cricket Association and have been established for over 50 years.

They are based at Olds Park which also includes their soccer club. Penshurst Park and Hurstville Aquatic Leisure Centre are located on King Georges Road.

Parks:
 * Penshurst Park
 * McRaes Park
 * Gifford Park

Demographics
In the 2016 Census, there were 12,786 people in Penshurst. The most common ancestries were Chinese 20.4%, English 13.2%, Australian 12.1%, Nepalese 5.9% and Irish 5.3%. 47.4% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were China 13.8%, Nepal 6.6%, Hong Kong 2.5%, Philippines 2.2% and India 2.2%. 42.2% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 12.0%, Cantonese 9.3%, Nepali 6.9%, Greek 3.5% and Arabic 2.9%. The most common responses for religious affiliation were No Religion 25.2%, Catholic 23.3%, Anglican 8.4% and Hinduism 8.1%.

Notable residents

 * Ruby Olive Boye-Jones (1891–1990), coastwatcher
 * Sue Denison, received the Medal of the Order of Australia for services to nursing as a nurse practitioner, and services to the Nundle district
 * Colin Fraser, rugby league player
 * John Patrick Hamilton, Victoria Cross recipient
 * Jack Holland, rugby league player
 * Jock Marshall (1911–1967), professor of zoology
 * Jack McCormack, rugby league player
 * Arthur McGuinness (1878–1970), school teacher and union leader
 * Chris Minns (born 1979), 47th Premier of New South Wales grew up in Penshurst

title: Penshurst, New South Wales


text:
Abramov

Abramov (male) and Abramova (female) (the form Abramoff is also used among emigrants) are old Russian surnames originating around the 16th century. Variations of the former calendar name Avraam. The surname was common among all social estates and covered the whole territory of the Russian Empire. Sometimes it derived from patronymic.

It was also adopted by Jews following the Partitions of Poland and usually meant "the son of Abram". As it is not allowed to share the same name as a living father, a son whose father was named Abraham would be called Abram as a stand-in for Abraham.

People with the surname Abramov:
 * Alexander Abramov (born 1959), Russian businessman
 * Alexander Konstantinovich Abramov (1836–1886), Russian general
 * Aleksey Abramov (born 1988), Russian footballer
 * Ayala Zacks-Abramov (1912–2011), Israeli-Canadian art collector
 * Efrat Abramov (born 1980), Israeli TV presenter and journalist
 * Fyodor Abramov (1920–1983), Russian novelist and literary critic
 * Georgi Abramov, Russian soloist with the Alexandrov Ensemble
 * Ivan Abramov (born 1978), Russian politician
 * Ivan A. Abramov, Russian soloist with the Alexandrov Ensemble
 * Nikolay Abramov (1950–2005), Soviet footballer
 * Nikolay Abramov (1961–2016), Russian ethnic Vepsian writer, translator, journalist and poet
 * Nikolay Abramov (1984–2011), Russian footballer
 * Pavel Abramov (born 1979), Russian volleyball player
 * Sergei Abramov (born 1957), Russian mathematician
 * Vadim Abramov (born 1980), Ukrainian TV presenter
 * Valeriy Abramov (1956–2016), Soviet long-distance runner
 * Yevda Abramov (1948–2019), Azerbaijani politician
 * Zalman Abramov (1908–1997), Israeli politician, member of the Knesset

People with the surname Abramova:
 * Nina Abramova (born 1949), Russian rower
 * Olga Abramova (born 1988), Russian biathlete
 * Olga Abramova (politician) (born 1943), Belarusian politician
 * Yekaterina Abramova (born 1982), Russian speed skater

People with the surname Abramoff:
 * Jack Abramoff (born 1958), American political lobbyist, served prison time for fraud
 * Michael Abramoff (born 1963), American ophthalmologist

Other:
 * Abramov Garden – a hill, in Jerusalem, Israel
 * Abramov, Volgograd Oblast

title: Abramov


text:
Pendle Hill, New South Wales

Pendle Hill is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Pendle Hill is located 29 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government areas of Cumberland Council and City of Parramatta and is part of the Greater Western Sydney region.

History
Imagine a long time ago, back to when the whole of Sydney was trees and no large apartment buildings, shops or large homes, no trains. This was home to the Indigenous or Dharug peoples.

Going forward in time, you can imagine Governor Arthur Phillip and his party in the pitch black (no streetlights or city lights), camping overnight on the banks of a creek (now Pendle Creek) on 25 April, 1788.

The Colony was facing a food crisis in 1790 and things were deteriorating in 1793 with public farming crop failures.

In August 1819, D’Arcy Wentworth was granted land to assist with food production to the Colony. European settlers commenced clearing of the land for farming purposes, including animals for meat, with local farms and merchants.

Take a moment on your journey to imagine a world where Australia was a land of opportunity for new immigrants. These worked hard to make a life for themselves and their family in a new country and promote industry and growth. A time when there were only a few train stops, when the large train stations were just two sleepers (or two pieces of timber).

The area around Pendle Hill was first owned as party of the Darcyville estate which extended from Westmead to Toongabbie. This was owned by D'Arcy Wentworth and family until being subdivided in the late 1800’s. The map of the Toongabbie estate subdivision in the reference below shows Toongabbie station leading to Parramatta station as the Pendle Hill, Wentworthville and Westmead railway stations had not yet been built.

A traveller en-route to Sydney from the Blue Mountains in the late 1800’s would have been excited to see the developments and progress in this area. Toongabbie is one of the oldest suburbs in Sydney and could originally be reached by the tall ships via Toongabbie Creek. (Now, the Rivercat only goes as far as Parramatta and no longer can anyone travel further West by boat via this passage).

A traveller on their train voyage would have passed by Castrella, the historic family home of William Hart Junior, timber merchant. This villa was built in 1888 and can still be seen by passerby’s today. On your journey to Sydney, between Pendle Hill and Wentworthville stations, look out the window to your left where you will find two historic houses next to each other. The first historic house you come to is Castrella, set back from the road surrounded with beautiful Australian gum trees. The second historic house was built after Castrella and is attached to and now run as a child care centre. The subdivisions of land parcels were large and these two historic houses are heritage listed to protect our local history and culture.

Imagine these two historic houses on Wentworth Avenue, Wentworthville were built before the suburb of Pendle Hill even existed.

But perhaps you might be wondering, with all of these Wentworth and Darcy references in the community from the late D'Arcy Wentworth, including the Darcy Road primary school (which is in walking distance from both Pendle Hill and Wentworthville stations), how did Pendle Hill come to be known as Pendle Hill?

George Bond (1876–1950), an American who came to Australia in 1909, established a cotton picking business in 1903. It was Australia's first attempt to spin and weave cotton from cotton farms that the company owned in Queensland. Lancashire was the centre of England's cotton industry, and Pendle Hill is a hill in the heart of the Lancashire cotton industry. It seems likely this is where the town gained its name. George Bond was originally in the business of importing hosiery and underwear but during World War I began manufacturing hosiery in Redfern and by 1925 was producing a quarter of Australia's output of hosiery and knitted garments. Bond Industries Limited became a public company in 1927.

The railway station at Pendle Hill opened here on 12 April 1924. The first government school opened in 1955 and the first post office was opened in 1956 by Postmaster Sqn. Ldr.[Rtd] Richard R. Purdie M.B.E. and his wife Elsie. Nearby "Purdie Lane" is named after these long time pioneers of Pendle Hill.

In 1975, the Maltese Monument was unveiled at Civic Park, Pendle Hill; with the President of Malta and builder Frank Cefai. It is a Bicentennial gift from the Maltese Community "to commemorate the presence, contribution and development of the State of NSW by the Maltese community". An annual memorial service is held at the Monument to mark the anniversary of the Maltese uprising, known as "Sette Giugno", which occurred on 7 June 1919 against British rule, which is now a national holiday in Malta.

Commercial area
Pendle Hill has a large shopping centre with just over 50 specialty shops beside the railway station. It contains many supermarket, discount stores, grocery shops, specialty shops, real-estate agent, bank, and cafes, fish markets and butchers.

Transport
Pendle Hill railway station on the Main Western line was opened in 1924 and currently is served by the T1 and T5 services of Sydney trains.

Schools

 * Pendle Hill Public School is a primary school
 * Pendle Hill High School is a secondary school

Parks
Civic Park is a large park located just west of the railway station. It connects the shopping centre to the suburb of Girraween, and is frequently used as a thoroughfare for pedestrians heading to and from the railway station. Civic Park now contains two tennis courts and a half court basketball facility.

Binalong Park (also known as Binalong Oval) is a large oval in the north of Pendle Hill bordering Toongabbie. The park contains two tennis courts, four netball courts and four ovals. These both are particularly popular for sporting lessons, and weekend sporting events. The grounds are home to the Pendle Hill Tigers football club who compete in the Granville district Football Association and Pendle Hill Colts Cricket Club, who compete in the Parramatta District Cricket association, competitions at both junior and senior level. The netball courts are the training venue for Pendle Hill Netball Club Inc., who compete in the Blacktown City Netball Association competitions at junior and senior level.

title: Pendle Hill, New South Wales


text:
File:Blow Up LP.jpg

Summary
Cover artwork for Bobby Hutcherson's Blow Up LP.

title: File:Blow Up LP.jpg


text:
Charles Carter (Alaska politician)

Charles W. Carter (1869–1961) was a Canadian-born mortician and politician in the U.S. territory of Alaska. He was born in 1869 in Otonabee Township, Peterborough County, Ontario, Canada, the son of James Julian Carter (of Irish descent) and Sarah Jane Fife (of Scottish descent). Carter's original name was Silas Whitfield Carter. He was in San Francisco, California, when news of the Klondike gold strike arrived, and he headed north to Skagway, Alaska in 1897. He settled in Juneau, Alaska, in 1899. He was a citizen of Alaska by 1901. He married Alphonsine Cecilia Lovely in Juneau in 1902. Carter served as the eighth mayor of Juneau, Alaska, from 1913 to 1914. In 1947, along with Henry Roden and David Gross, he persuaded the Alaska Territorial Legislature to rename the Pioneers Trust Fund, a regional fund for elderly citizens, to the Pioneer Memorial Fund. Outside politics, he owned and operated a funeral home, the Charles W. Carter Mortuary, which he founded in 1916.

Charles Charter is buried in Evergreen Cemetery, in Juneau. In 1950, Carter sold the mortuary business which continued to bear his name. The business was acquired by the Fairbanks-based Alaskan Memorial Parks, Inc. in 1964.

title: Charles Carter (Alaska politician)


text:
Jimmy Carter National Historical Park

The Jimmy Carter National Historical Park, located in Plains, Georgia, preserves sites associated with Jimmy Carter (born 1924), 39th president of the United States. These include his residence, boyhood farm, school, and the town railroad depot, which served as his campaign headquarters during the 1976 election. The building which used to be Plains High School (opened in 1921 and closed in 1979) serves as the park's museum and visitor center. As Carter lives in Plains, the area surrounding the residence including the burial site of former First Lady Rosalynn Carter (1927–2023) is under the protection of the United States Secret Service and is not open to the public.

The Carters returned to Plains in 1981. The former President and First Lady pursued many of the goals of his administration through the Carter Center in Atlanta, which has programs to alleviate human suffering and to promote human rights and world peace. Carter taught Sunday school at Maranatha Baptist Church, which is open to the public.

It was established in 1987 by as Jimmy Carter National Historic Site and renamed as a national historical park in 2021.

Visitor center and museum
The former Plains High School, which both Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter attended, now serves as the park's visitor center and museum. It features a classroom, principal's office, and auditorium which have been restored to look as they would have when Jimmy Carter attended. An exact replica of the Resolute desk, which Jimmy Carter brought back to the Oval Office to use as his presidential desk, is exhibited, as is his 2002 Nobel Peace Prize. Other rooms feature exhibits that explain the lives of Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter, and a short video focuses on the life of Jimmy Carter according to his friends, neighbors, and family.

Boyhood home and farm
The farm in rural Archery where Jimmy lived from age four in 1928 until he left for college in 1941 has been restored to its appearance before electricity was installed in 1938.

Campaign headquarters
The former Plains Train Depot, where Carter headquartered his presidential campaign, now serves as a museum focusing on the 1976 Presidential Campaign and Election. It features exhibits which highlight Jimmy Carter's campaign for President. The train depot operated from 1888 until 1951, when all public transportation to and from the area ceased.

Carter home and burial site
The current home of the Carters at 209 Woodland Drive, while not open to the public, is a part of the park. The Carters have lived in the home since 1961. During his presidency, it was used as his Summer White House.

Rosalynn Carter is buried on the grounds of the house by a willow tree on the lawn of the property. Jimmy Carter intends to be buried next to his late wife upon his death. The intent is for the National Park Service (NPS) to turn the house into a museum and open it to public tours after Jimmy Carter's passing.

title: Jimmy Carter National Historical Park


text:
Talk:Meditations on First Philosophy

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Andrew.thomas0209.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 03:48, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Invalid Argument
In the section on the first meditation, the article contains an argument

1. If I am dreaming/deceived, then my beliefs are not true. 2. I don't know whether I am dreaming/deceived. 3. Therefore, I don't know whether my beliefs are true.

Which is invalid (compare with the following situation in which I see John eat some nuts, and go into an allergic reaction:

1. If John is in anaphylaxic shock, he has eaten some nuts (this is true) 2. I don't know whether John is in anaphylaxic shock (This is true: I don't even know what that means) 3. Therefore, I don't know whether John ate any nuts (false - I saw him eat them) ) I'm pretty sure Descartes didn't make this argument.--NoizHed 12:21, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

 * 1. If John is in shock he has eaten nuts
 * 2. I cant tell if John is in shock
 * 3. Therefore I don't know if he has eaten nuts

 * This type of argument seems logical. All Descartes is saying is that, for the individual, dreaming and non-dreaming are indistinguishable while they are occurring but he later goes on to say that this doesn't matter - you can describe the content of experience in the same way whether it is a dream or not. Cogito ergo sum, not "I am awake therefore I am". Geometer 11:02, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

Confusion
I'm a bit confused. This article says in one spot that Meditations on First Philosophy was written after Discourse on Method. In another spot, it seems to apply that "Cogito Ergo Sum" was written as a response to criticism on Meditations. Specifically, the article states: "In one of Descartes' replies to objections to the book, he summed this up in the now-famous phrase, I think, therefore I am..."

Every other article regarding Descartes says that Cogito was first written in Discourse (Four years before Meditations!!)? - Patrick95350 04:47, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

I think therefore I am was written in Discourse....

Not in the book
I changed the quote containing the (approximation of) the cogito to reflect what is actually said in the version of the Meditiations that is linked to at the bottom of the page (Meditation 2, paragraph 3). Baffledexpert 16:47, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

--

Hey, I'm just trying to help, but don't actually have a wikipedia account and have no idea what way to approach this. On this original article on the meditations on the first philosophy by Descartes, in the section for Meditation II, there is an error. There is a quote listed as from the second meditation, the quote reading along the lines of... "I am a thing that thinks, that is to say, a thing that doubts.... etc." This is listed as being from Descartes second of the six meditations, when actually, it is from the first paragraph of the third meditation. Correct me if wrong, but if I am indeed righto, then please fix this article!

24.218.56.147 (talk) 00:25, 2 March 2010 (UTC)Zacarino

Content Expansion
I've begun a major content expansion here. I plan on continuing with Meditations 3-6 later. uriah923(talk) 03:16, 5 December 2005 (UTC) The summaries of the Meditations are finished. I may add a section to discuss the alleged accomplishments of the work and some issues, but I wonder if those should be saved for the article on Descartes. Thoughts? uriah923(talk) 06:42, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

Objections & replies
It would be great to expand this wikientry to include the a summary of the Objections & Replies. We could start with a summary of the Seven philosophers who submitted their objections...

 * I second that wholeheartedly. If it has not yet been added once I have given them deeper study, I'll do what I can.Kai 03:52, 1 February 2007 (UTC) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Kai Miller (talk • contribs) 03:52, 1 February 2007 (UTC).
 * This just in: I'm an idiot. It was already there. Tee-hee?Kai 03:59, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

There are still none of Descartes' replies, though. Surely that makes the whole thing a bit one-sided. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.107.204.118 (talk) 14:34, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

Bias?
I've just read the article, and think there is a certain judgmental undertone to it. It feels like some author voices a rather disparaging opinion on the quality of Descartes' thinking and conclusion, for example the sentence "Along the way, he 'stumbles' upon another claimed logical proof of God's existence." and similar examples.

Any other opinions on that? If you agree with me, it might be a good idea to add a NPOV flag to the article. --TheOtherStephan 15:11, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I think "stumbles" accurately represents the way he describes the process in the book. uriah923(talk) 19:36, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree - his purpose isn't to lay out an established argument, but to discover (both himself and the reader) the truth. "Stumble" would be the appropriate word to go along with both his writing style and his description of the discovery process. --Tim4christ17 06:10, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * 'Stumbles' is not NPOV, but 'claimed logical' is. A better sentence would be "Along the way, he 'stumbles' upon another proof of God's existence."

I think, therefore I am
I changed, "I think, therefore I exist," to "I think, therefore I am." First, you can either go with the French to Latin to English translation of: "I am thinking, therefore I exist," or, more properly, the French to English translation of: "I think, therefore I am." The previous one was a mix of the two. Unsuspected 09:58, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

Amazing article
Probably the best I've read on the Wikipedia. I'd submit it as a Featured Article candidate, but am afraid it'd be destroyed in the process. --Tim4christ17 06:14, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Not actual translations
This page entitled "meditations of First Pholosophy" is really a discussion of Descartes works. While we normally expect that an encyclopedia really is just a discussion or treatise on a subject, there is already a wikipedia section with the actual direct translations for many of Descartes works.

Now, in many ways, I believe this page is better, if at least more helpful, than the actual english translation (John Veitch Translation of 1901). Therefore, I would never suggest that this article be proposed for deletion, however, I would want any wikipedia readers who come upon this page to understand that the contents of this page are the post-modern analyses of Descartes work and not actual translations.

So, I'm proposing to the author that he edit the page only to add a short contextual disclaimer informing the reader that this page is a modern interpretaion of Descartes meditations. Then a link should be added to the actual John Veitch Translation of 1901, also found on wikipedia.

So then, the title of Meditation II shouldn't be "OF THE NATURE OF THE HUMAN MIND; AND THAT IT IS MORE EASILY KNOWN THAN THE BODY"?

 * I suspect the author of the above was referring to the text linked from Wikisources. I found much of this article to be a fairly straightforward summary; I suppose, however, that perhaps mention somewhere that this is the common modern interpretation (as opposed to elimination of any analysis at all) would not be out of line. Comments, convention experts?Kai 03:57, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

But again this is risky. The question is which one should we have a fully translation. Meditation was written twice by Descartes; the first to "the Dean and Doctors of the Sacred Faculty of Theology of Paris" or the second when he added more words after letters were sent to him about his theory? Also the first book was published without him physically being there but the second had his supervision. So which one shall we choose to have the full text? It's hard because the first could have been alter while the second was slightly changed to help the reader. Also remember that old words in Latin does not fully mean the same or translate the same as today. Therefore we can question the old text as well as the new text. But all in all I think that we shouldn't discourage people who are looking for a quick summary of the book with modern analysis.

Subtitles
The subtitle listed in the first sentence is not a translation of the "original Latin" subtitle. Did the subtitle change at some point, and if so, shouldn't it be mentioned how and why? Otherwise, it looks like a gratuitous change was made in translation, and if that were the case, I would expect Wikipedia to keep with the original consistently. 128.253.231.119 02:21, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

Reference. Objections...
"...in response to Hobbes, “I cannot possibly satisfy those who prefer to attribute a different sense to my words than the one I intended”..." Por favor amplíen la información en la sección Objections and Replies, me parece que necesita muchas referencias. Gracias

Entry for the Third Meditation: Long and Questionable
Most of this article seems acceptable. However I am very worried about the entry for the third meditation. First, the entry is simply much too long. The third meditation itself is only 39 paragraphs. This entry is nearly as long.

Second, the author of this entry seems to place emphasis on arguments that, in the original text, are quiet insubstantial and unimportant. For instance, why is so much attention paid to the explanation of counting? This is not an example that Descartes uses; the use of this example does not make Descartes' meaning any more clear; the example in this entry is much too long; and it is uncertain to me that the point of the example was a major concern for Descartes.

Finally, and most worryingly, the entry for the third meditation contains no criticism of Descartes' arguments. The proofs for God's existence and Descartes use of the notion of "clear and distinct ideas" in the third meditation are hotly contested and have been highly criticized. Why is this not mentioned? What's more, there is no mention of the Cartesian Circle in relation to the third meditation. (In fact, the circularity of Descartes' arguments are only briefly mentioned in the "Objections" section at the end of the entry.) I would think that the circularity should be emphasized, and a link added to the entry on the Cartesian Circle.

This entry should be flagged.

On the Third Meditation
There are serious flaws in both arguments. In the first, the "thing" that is infinitely perfect does not have to exist. The "God" that Descartes had in mind was the God in his perception, which does not qualify for existence. As an example, one part of the God is this argument that God exists, which Descartes believe to be true and thus part of a perfect image of God. In the second, Descartes failed to understand the time as a fourth dimension - that the "God" of his image is all the things in his perception, plus infinity. However, without the fourth dimension of "time", he would be indeed created by himself - His argument that he did not create himself was that he would have made himself perfect, which is not true, as the will to make himself perfect is actually "imperfect" - in other words, the imperfect always seek to be perfect, but we do not know that for the perfect. We can use this argument in the opposite way and conclude that we did create ourselves. Aran|heru|nar 13:43, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

Referring to point d (The idea of perfection that exists in me cannot have originated from a non-perfect being.) to have created himself he must be perfect in order that he might possess the idea of a perfect God. Furthermore the idea that only what is imperfect seeks to become perfect works the same way as that a boxer doesn't seek to become heavyweight champion while he is already in possession of the title.

The argument is pretty shaky and flawed for a variety of reasons, this just happens not to be one of them.

~El Marko~

 * Ok. I think I may have been way to harsh, and misunderstood the ordering. Nevertheless, I think it would be betteer to rebuild that section up than try to trim the preveous wadge. Larklight (talk) 19:07, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

I think what Descartes wrote should remain as it is not the purpose of the article to just critique the work,but to provide information on it. But I would like to see a reference included if the statements of Descartes are false and a good amount of evidence is present that shows he was in fact wrong. my understanding of what is an error in Descartes's argument is when he claims that only a perfect being could come have the idea of a perfect idea, but he has no evidence that shows that it is necessary to be perfect to imagine perfection. And to propose a challenge to the claim that an idea can only be had if that idea originated from what that idea is about(E.g an idea of a perfect being requires a perfect being, what about the idea of an idea that can never come from what the idea is about. Wouldn't the fact that I have thought that idea, by Descartes's own logic, make my idea exist? I may have made an error in logic though, and would apreshiate some responses. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Thepsychonaut (talk • contribs) 21:09, 25 July 2008 (UTC)

Not very Encyclopedic
Isn't the purpose of an Encyclopedia to give background information about something? Where's the introduction to this article? "Meditations blah blah was written by Rene Descartes in 16xx and was published blah blah while he was working on blah blah blah. The document may be seen as a response to blah blah blah and is symptomatic of the contemporary blah blah blah" - I mean, obviously, I could write all this, except that I came to this article to learn all this... seriously you guys I'm just writing to enquire as to whether I've read this whole thing wrong or if it's true that, in fact, this is not a good article according to the doctrine of Wikipedia etc. blah blah blah blah blah blah blah pardon my frustration and do please validate me if you think I'm not entirely insane. Thanks dudes. Urmarkt (talk) 06:37, 10 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I reverted a major deletion by someone at 69.48.147.53. The article now has an introduction. Minding (talk) 16:50, 17 April 2010 (UTC)

From the section "Meditation III: Concerning God, That He Exists": "three types of ideas: ...Fictitious, and Adventitious... factitious or invented ideas"  Which is it? Fictitious or Factitious? Or more briefly, Fict or Fact? They are not synonymous. Did someone subtly vandalize or accidentally modify the paragraph? I'd fix it myself but don't have the expertise. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Larrykoen (talk • contribs) 13:15, 4 May 2011 (UTC)

Meditation I and SparkNotes
Either the SparkNotes website is copying verbatim Wikipedia, or Wikipedia is copying SparkNotes. Due to the lack of formatting for both the "summary" and "analysis" subsections on the Wiki page, and the section's incongruency with the summaries of other meditations, I think it's the latter. The text can be found here. If this is not useful, or mistaken, please accept my apology.

Bragglemuffin (talk) 18:56, 23 March 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 external links on Meditations on First Philosophy. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131224052623/http://www.egs.edu/library/rene-descartes/quotes/ to http://www.egs.edu/library/rene-descartes/quotes/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100906100932/http://www.philosophy.leeds.ac.uk/GMR/hmp/texts/modern/hobbes/objections/objindex.html to http://www.philosophy.leeds.ac.uk/GMR/hmp/texts/modern/hobbes/objections/objindex.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090210101629/http://www.philosophy.leeds.ac.uk/GMR/hmp/texts/modern/hobbes/objections/objects.html to http://www.philosophy.leeds.ac.uk/GMR/hmp/texts/modern/hobbes/objections/objects.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110928085810/http://www.philosophy.leeds.ac.uk/GMR/hmp/texts/modern/descartes/elizabeth/gmrintro.html to http://www.philosophy.leeds.ac.uk/GMR/hmp/texts/modern/descartes/elizabeth/gmrintro.html
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20060627102015/http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/philosophy/phi212s_descartes.htm to http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/philosophy/phi212s_descartes.htm

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title: Talk:Meditations on First Philosophy


text:
Talk:History of Alaska

Article issues

 * This article has one issue that morphs into two. It is a "Former featured article", now a B-class, and of interest to three projects. The lead includes two single-sentence paragraphs I assume to highlight some important facts. This is usually an issue to many article promotion reviews and in this case, it creates a 6 paragraph lead. Otr500 (talk) 04:34, 17 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:History of Alaska


text:
Black Fork

Black Fork may refer to:

 * Black Fork, Arkansas, an unincorporated community
 * Black Fork (Cheat River) in West Virginia
 * Black Fork Mohican River in Ohio

title: Black Fork


text:
User:Dcolumbo

I love a mystery! I love a mystery! I love a mystery!

I love a mystery! I love a mystery!

I love a mystery! I love a mystery! I love a mystery!

title: User:Dcolumbo


text:
List of Matlock characters

These are the characters of the American television legal drama Matlock.

Ben Matlock
Benjamin Leighton "Ben" Matlock is a renowned, folksy yet cantankerous defense attorney who charges a fee of $100,000 to take a case. He is known for visiting crime scenes to discover overlooked clues, as well as his down-home style of coming up with viable, alternative theories of the crime in question (usually murder) while sitting in his office playing the banjo or polishing his shoes. Matlock also has conspicuously finicky fashion sense (wearing nothing but grey suits) and an insatiable appetite for hot dogs (an explanation for this is featured in the Diagnosis: Murder cross-over double episode "Murder Two", which also marked the last appearance of Matlock on television). Despite his high fees and apparent wealth, he is something of a cheapskate. He's the show's main protagonist. Andy Griffith appeared in every episode of the series.

Charlene Matlock
Charlene is Ben's daughter and is also a lawyer. She assists her father at his law practice in Atlanta for a short time, appearing only in the first season of the series. Purl replaced Lori Lethin who appeared as Charlene in the pilot "Diary of a Perfect Murder". It's explained later in Season 1 that Charlene moved to Philadelphia and started her own firm there.

Leanne MacIntyre
MacIntyre is Matlock's daughter. After divorcing her husband, of whom her father did not much approve, she moves back to Atlanta to help him with his legal practice. She assists her father for three years before leaving for her own practice. During that time, she works with her father on numerous cases, including defending him on one occasion. They once found themselves on opposite sides of a divorce case, though she also defends her father in a personal injury case simultaneously during the same episode. Leanne uses the same courtroom techniques her father at times, which often results in her clients being proven innocent. In the Season 9 episode, The Accused, it's implied that Leanne may now be living in Los Angeles. She left the show in 1994.

Julie March
March is the assistant D.A. of Atlanta, and a good friend of Ben Matlock. After a chance meeting with Ben Matlock in an elevator, the two hit it off, and Matlock was surprised to learn that she would be the prosecutor for the case he was working on. The two lawyers soon become friends, though their relationship is never really defined much further than that, and upon Julie's return in the season nine episode "The Confession", she reveals that she has feelings for him. Sommars is the only actress to appear in fewer episodes. She left in 1992.

Michelle Thomas
Thomas is an attorney working with Ben Matlock. Ben meets Michelle in England, where Michelle is working as legal counsel for a wealthy Brit. She decides to move back to the US when Ben asks her to join him at his firm. She is an intelligent, highly capable lawyer who often works with Ben on his cases, and who occasionally acts as the primary attorney. She is soft-spoken and beautiful, sometimes using her charm and good looks to convince witnesses and suspects to give her the information she needs to crack a case. Her sharp intelligence is best illustrated in an episode called The Game Show; she goes undercover as a contestant to investigate a murder, and reveals to Ben and Conrad that she is a polymath, being able to answer nearly every question correctly.

Cassie Phillips
Cassie worked as a typist and secretary for Ben, usually typing legal documents and sending them to the courthouse. She involved herself in some cases and was very persistent in her first episode ("The Therapist") when she came to Ben looking for a job, one that he said didn't exist. In "The Lovelorn", Cassie mentioned she has a boyfriend Brad. They didn't speak for some time because of misunderstandings they both had with each other. Ben helped them to reconcile. Later, Cassie told Ben she accepted Brad's offer to accompany him on his business trip. Cassie was last seen on the episode "The Genius" featuring Ben's nephew Irwin, on whom she had a crush. She left in 1988, without any explanation, but it presumes that she left with Brad.

Jerri Stone
Geraldine Margaret "Jerri" Stone is an assistant who works for Ben Matlock in the final season. She has a forthright style, once even jabbing her foot into that of a man who was looking through some files while investigating a murder. She also enjoys singing old songs with Ben on occasion. She drives a blue Ford SUV.

Tyler Hudson
Hudson is a private investigator for Ben Matlock. Before working for Matlock, Tyler was a lieutenant in the U.S. Army. He is interested in cooking and investing in venture capital projects on the side, such as in pecans. In the episode "The Chef", he says that he entered the Junior Chamber of Commerce Chili Cook-Off, which he wins $2,000 for his chili. It is a Victoria Edwards recipe: chili with chicken, peanut butter sauce, and a few secret ingredients. Tyler rarely misses Victoria Edward's TV cooking show. In early 1989, in the middle of the third season, Holliday had to take time off of work, due to him going to rehab for his drug/alcohol dependency, where he attended on an outpatient basis, and by the time he was 3 months sober, he was already fired.

Conrad McMasters
McMasters is a private investigator for Ben Matlock. Before working for him, Conrad worked for Dalton Parks as a deputy sheriff in Manteo, where Matlock meets him in hopes of figuring out whether or not Spencer Hamilton killed his brother's killer. In his spare time, he does singing, rodeo riding, cooking, and playing the guitar. In almost the same situation as his partner, Michelle Thomas, he was shot and nearly killed in the episode "The Outcast", but survived.

He either works with or has dates with several women:

In "The Star", while getting goosebumps, Conrad hid himself at the front door and accidentally scared Catherine's daughter, Susan McKay. She was sent to Matlock, about the afternoon her mother was murdered for real, and said she was doing research for her book about her mother, being the vain, cruel parent that she was; the culprit turned out to be Jack Burns, who represented Catherine's career.

In "The Informer", Conrad works with Ben's client's partner/investigator, Angela Page, to work on a case on the night one of David's clients, Sam Chandler, was murdered. After Matlock's client abruptly fires Angela, she turns to Conrad; the real culprit behind Sam's murder turned out to be Al Brackman.

In "The Secret", when Matlock sends him to Chicago to talk to Sherry Brown in questioning her about the negatives he is supposed to find, he receives word that she died from jumping off the apartment building.

In "The Cover Girl", he had a short fling with Carla Royce, a model. When Carla's boss and head of a modeling agency, Jackie Whitman, is murdered, Conrad asked Carla if Jackie and Bobby Michaelson (Paul Lieber), who had informed Conrad he owned part of a modeling agency in New York, got along with each other, Carla replied that Jackie and Bobby "fought like cats and dogs". Carla then explained it was not easy being Jackie's partner, much less one of her models; when Conrad wondered why, Carla explained that Jackie was a control freak and always had to have the last word in everything, which Carla referred to as "infuriating". When Conrad asked her why she went along with Jackie's advice, Carla explained that nine out of ten times, Jackie was right. However, Conrad breaks up with her before she is found guilty of Jackie's murder.

In "The Game Show", while looking at the credits for the game show It's About Time, he asked his friend Marjorie Wood, a contestant coordinator, to give Conrad many tickets for the show, along with Matlock, who would meet hostess Kari Summers for the show. He asked Michelle Thomas to become a contestant; she refused, but literally changed her mind when she met the eligibility requirements. Producer Larry Fisher was, at one point, going to replace the old host, Dennis Blake, with a much younger host (as his show was dropping in the ratings). Kari was arguing with Larry; before Dennis showed up his career would have been over. For every show, Kari attached the tiny device to the lighting board, and the lights would go out prior to the taping of the show, and nobody would see anything. Kari was found guilty for killing Larry (after taking a break), while Dennis was found innocent.

In "Mr. Awesome", when waitress and mother Anne Johnson was accused of murdering her ex-boyfriend, Dwayne Meeks, Conrad sought Matlock out to represent Anne. Matlock and Conrad both found out that Dwayne was a liar, a jerk and a cheater towards the many women who were afraid of him. Her son Jimmy draws the pictures of people to model on his own so much and was so good at it, because he had nothing else to do. Anne was found innocent of her ex-boyfriend's murder, and the culprit was Lorraine Ortega (aka Sissy Lockwood), a bartender, who was also a fugitive from Texas; she gave Dwayne all that money, and later used the stun gun to kill him when she entered the apartment on the same day.

Clarence Gilyard, Jr., appeared in nearly every episode of the show, for his three seasons, until he reduced his role for his fourth season in 1992. He left the show in 1993 to star in Walker, Texas Ranger, where he stayed on the show for eight seasons.

Cliff Lewis
Lewis is an attorney, but is described as Ben Matlock's friend in the season-eight episode, "The Godfather". He lies once to the people from Mt. Harlan, saying that he is a full partner with Ben, but he later confesses that Ben Matlock does not have any partners. Cliff is the son of Billy Lewis, Matlock's high-school girlfriend's brother, whom he had known back in Mt. Harlan.

Recurring

 * Charlie Matlock (Andy Griffith), father of Ben Matlock, is a gas station owner; his only appearances are set in flashbacks before the series timeline began. (appears in the episodes: "The Dame", season 6; "The Legacy", parts 1 and 2, season 7; and "The Diner", season 8)
 * Young Ben Matlock (Steve Witting) in episodes "The Dame" and "The Diner"
 * Lt. Bob Brooks (David Froman; 58 episodes), Atlanta PD detective and friend of Ben Matlock's (seasons 1-6 and one appearance in season 9, where he was murdered)
 * Lloyd Burgess (Michael Durrell; 54 episodes), district attorney, seasons 1-6
 * Richard "Richie" Cooksey (Richard Newton; 24 episodes), judge seasons 1-6
 * Judge Clagett (Al Wiggins; 17 episodes), judge in seasons 7-9
 * Les Calhoun (Don Knotts; 16 episodes), Matlock's neighbor in seasons 3-6
 * Billy Lewis (Warren Frost; 16 episodes), friend/nemesis of Ben Matlock and brother of his old high-school girlfriend; the father of Cliff Lewis seasons 6-9
 * Irene Sawyer (Lucille Meredith; 15 episodes), judge seasons 1-6
 * Arthur Beaumont (Jason Wingreen; 13 episodes), judge seasons 1-6
 * Lt. Harmen Andrews (Jordan Rhoades), friend of Ben Matlock; works in the Atlanta PD season 8
 * Lt. Frank Daniels (James McEachin; 8 episodes), friend of Matlock; works in the Atlanta PD season 1
 * Cynthia Justin (Aneta Corsaut; 7 episodes; played Helen Crump on The Andy Griffith show), judge
 * Ed Wingate (J. Kenneth Campbell; 3 episodes), FBI agent
 * Sarah (Betty Lynn; 4 episodes; played Thelma Lou on The Andy Griffith Show) (Matlock's secretary in 4 episodes of season one)
 * Ms. Hawkins (Diane Shalet) (Matlock's housekeeper season 5)
 * Mrs. McCardle (Marge Redmond) (Matlock's housekeeper season 5)
 * Billy Wheeler (Randy Travis; 2 episodes), in "The Big Payoff" (1992), he is a guitar-playing wanderer who travels around doing odd jobs. Matlock hires him to paint his house, but then encourages him to try music after hearing him play. In "The Mark" (1993), he is now an aspiring country singer who wins the lottery, and shortly thereafter finds himself framed for the murder of contractor Judy Wilson, who was really a con artist and had taken him and every other partner for a ride.

Notable one-time characters

 * Carter Addison (Dick Van Dyke), in "The Judge" (1.2), a judge who murders his lover and then presides over the murder trial in which Ben is trying to clear someone else's name for.
 * Laura Miller (Laura Robbins), who appeared in "The Godfather" (8.19), is the goddaughter of Ben Matlock. The last time she saw her godfather was 11 years before her wedding, when he was at her mother's funeral. She no longer lived in Mt. Harlan at this point; instead, she was working in an Atlanta-area mall in a clothing store as an assistant manager in Marietta.
 * David Sears (silent film actor Eddie Quillan) made his last acting appearance in the season one episode "The Author".
 * Hazel (Alice Hirson) appeared in the pilot Diary Of A Perfect Murder. Hazel is Matlock's secretary.
 * Diana Huntington (Christina Pickles) in the "Picture" (6.12-13) is Matlock's annoying cousin.
 * Harvey Chase (Milton Berle) is favourite comedian of Matlock who Matlock defends when he is accused of murdering a younger rival.

title: List of Matlock characters


text: User talk:67.172.76.61

title: User talk:67.172.76.61


text:
Wikipedia:Peer review/History of Alaska/archive1

History of Alaska
Currently impending tasks involve wikifying, adding pictures, adding references, and adding a lead. I'm doing the first of the four as I wait for commentary, but I would like to know if anything else needs fixing in the meantime. Also, what should I use in place of the title for the "Statehood" section? Toothpaste 04:49, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * One thing the article should probably mention is the history of the death penalty in the state. Only eight executions from 1900 and 1957 and no death penalty statute since 1957. This page has more information. Evil Monkey∴Hello 09:53, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * A few comments -
 * no lead section
 * no images
 * all the sections are very long and could be subdivided
 * too many unnecessary wikilinks in the early sections; not enough in the latter
 * nothing much between 1900 and 1942
 * statehood could probably be expanded, with the earthquake and later topics given their own sections
 * second half of the 20th century is a bit all over the place - it would be nice to see a bit of structure here
 * though the rest of the prose is excellent - kudos. :) Ambi 13:17, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

From Redwolf24, please strike out things once fixed... R e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:30, 1 September 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Russian Alaska has 0 images. Flood it with images. Get some of the Russian leaders of the time.
 * 2) The biggest problem would be the lack of a lead-in section.
 * Yes, sections are a bit too large, subdivisions are your friend, even if toby isn't.
 * 1) Ya know, I think we should make a template for all the state history pages.

That'll do for now I think. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:30, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

I wikified the entire article, added images, and turned the References section into an Endnotes section. I ordered four books on Alaska, totalling over 2,000 pages, from the Nashville Main Library to be sent to the library closest to me. I also wrote a lead and broke the Statehood section into separate sections. Is it looking better since you first saw it? When the four books arrive, I'm going to solve the problem of nothing being in there from 1900 to 1942 by creating an Alaska Territory section. Toothpaste 01:38, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Addressed all tips, with the help of the #wikipedia crew. I'm nominating this for FAC. Wish me luck. Toothpaste 06:58, 1 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Dcolumbo

I love a mystery!

I love a mystery! I love a mystery!

title: User talk:Dcolumbo


text:
Sigma Star Saga

Sigma Star Saga is a 2005 hybrid science fiction role-playing-space-shooter developed by WayForward Technologies and published by Namco for the Game Boy Advance. The player explores a standard 2-D overworld, but is transported into space for side-scrolling shooter random battles. The story focus on a space pilot named Ian Recker who goes undercover against Earth's enemies, the Krill, in a battle to save the planet.

On July 8, 2024, WayForward Technologies announced that Sigma Star Saga would receive a re-release in 2025 on PC, Game Boy Advance and modern platforms.

Gameplay
There are two distinct portions of the game: an overworld where the player control Recker directly, and side-scrolling shooter random battles.

Overworld
In the overworld, Recker travels around either talking to people to advance the plot or searching for items and data on one of several planets. As the game progresses, his abilities expand: he is given more weapons to fight the local flora and fauna, and he receives power-ups that let him pass different barriers to his progress.

Ship Battles
As the player traverse the various planets, they are frequently transported into space to pilot the Krill defense fleet surrounding each planet. The ships are biological in nature and semiautonomous: they only require a pilot when they sense danger. In most battles, the player are required to shoot down a certain number of enemies to end the sequence.

The ship battles are where the RPG elements of the game come in: as the player kill enemies, they drop experience bubbles, which power up the offensive and defensive capabilities. The player can further increase their abilities through the Gun Data system.

Unlike many shooters, there is no need to have a fixed ship in this game. The player are transported to a different ship in one of half a dozen classes, chosen randomly by the game. In some battles they will fly a small, agile attack ship, in some a bomber, and in some a lumbering cargo vessel.

Gun Data
The Gun Data system allows the player to customize how their ship fires its weapons. There are three categories that can be changed: cannon, bullet, and impact. The cannon alters the direction and manner in which the bullets fire (forwards, backwards, rapid fire, etc.), Bullet alters the shot type (large, long-range, chargeable, etc.), and Impact determines what the bullet does when it hits an enemy (explodes, drops health, etc.). The game includes dozens of different options for each data, mostly found by exploration in the overworld. The total number of combinations is 15,680, although only one can be used in any given battle.

Story
The main character is Ian Recker, a decorated pilot who goes undercover to investigate the enemy species known as Krill. The Krill attacked Earth by gouging out a hole the size of Canada under the Atlantic Ocean, which caused the oceans to boil, nearly destroying all life on Earth. Recker gets "captured" by the Krill, who outfit him with a Krill parasite suit that makes him stronger and faster than a normal human being, and enables him to fly their biological ships. He quickly becomes embroiled in a race across several planets for control of mysterious "bio-matter" in the cores of the planets. After several betrayals, it becomes apparent that the "bio-matter" is in fact a monstrous weapon, and both the Krill High Command and Recker's superiors are after it. The plot is complicated by the existence of a virus, first considered a biological weapon against the Krill, but which turns out to destroy the "bio-matter".

Characters
Much of the game revolves around the shifting relationships between Recker's female companions: the Krill pilot, Psyme, and the human scientist, Scarlet. Neither trusts the other, and Recker is torn between maintaining his cover with Psyme and protecting his fellow human Scarlet from the Krill.

Other important characters include the commanders of various Krill starbases, Commander Tierney, Recker's commanding officer, and Blune, a Krill officer who complicates matters as the game goes on. Tierney is named after Adam Tierney, part of the development team for the game.

Endings
Depending on the actions taken in the last chapter of the story, there are four different endings with different scenes at the end; specifically, the ending depends on whether Psyme and/or Scarlet die in the last chapter. Although Psyme can be saved in the first playthrough, Scarlet will die in the first playthrough and cannot be saved unless the player resumes from a New Game+ game.

Also, a special ending is shown if both Psyme and Scarlet are saved and all of the Gun Data is collected.

Reception
Sigma Star Saga received "average" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Greg Kasavin of GameSpot praised the game's original ideas of blending elements from the shoot 'em up genre with the role-playing genre, but noted that gameplay can get tedious after backtracking certain areas of the game.

title: Sigma Star Saga


text:
User talk:TomH

Welcome from Redwolf24
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. We as a community are glad to have you and thank you for creating a user account! Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * The Five Pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * Merging, redirecting, and renaming pages
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.
 * User:Redwolf24/Bootcamp My own personal summarized Bootcamp.

Yes some of the links appear a bit boring at first, but they are VERY helpful if you ever take the time to read them.

Remember to place any articles you create into a category so we don't get orphans.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome.

Redwolf24 (Talk) 04:50, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

P.S. I like messages :-P

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:54, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:TomH


text: User talk:70.23.93.195

title: User talk:70.23.93.195


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zach Abramson

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Rob Church Talk 00:27, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Zach Abramson
Delete. I hate to do this to someone to whom I'm probably related, but he gets about 30 real Google hits, has no allmusic.com entry, and does not indicate any WP:MUSIC criteria. -- BD2412 talk 04:54, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. NN. Cnwb 06:08, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete A nobody DV8 2XL 11:25, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Pagewood, New South Wales

Pagewood is a suburb in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia, 8 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district. It is part of the Bayside Council.

Pagewood has a mixture of residential and industrial areas.

History
Pagewood was originally known as "South Daceyville", before being renamed to "Pagewood" in 1929, to honour the late Alderman Fred Page, the Mayor of Botany Council in 1928. The name "Kingsford" was also considered for Pagewood, but it was rejected and later used as the new name for South Kensington.

Development of Pagewood began in 1919 with an estate called Monash Gardens. The northern part of Pagewood was originally designed to be the southern part of the Daceyville garden suburb, and many park and street layouts in Pagewood remain unchanged from the original Daceyville plans. However, unlike Daceyville, which was developed as Australia's first public housing scheme and then used to provide housing after World War I, Pagewood was privately developed. The southern part of Pagewood was originally named Dudley, and Dudley Street remains in southern Pagewood today.

National Studios was opened in 1935 and for nearly thirty years, Australian and British cinema was produced here.

In 1940, the site was bought by General Motors Holden, which operated a car manufacturing plant until 1981.

In 1953, the Pagewood Rex Hotel, currently called the Pagewood Hotel (2017), opened.

In 1960, the council considered changing the suburb name to East Botany. Residents battled to retain the name, particularly since Botany was becoming an industrial area, while Pagewood retained its identity as a mainly residential area. Westfield Eastgardens shopping centre in Wentworth Avenue was built in the northern part of the suburb on the old Pagewood Bus Depot and part of the former site of the General Motors Holden car manufacturing plant (and totally on the old National Film Studios) and opened in 1987. The remainder of the site was sold to W.D. & H.O. Wills. Eastgardens, which covers the area around the shopping centre, was officially declared a separate suburb in 1999.

At the northern tip of Pagewood, Astrolabe Park and Astrolabe Road in Daceyville were named after one of the ships commanded by La Perouse, the French explorer who arrived at Botany Bay just days after the First Fleet in 1788. Most other streets in Daceyville are also named after the First Fleet, such as Cook Avenue, Boussole Road, Endeavour Road, Solander Road, and Banks Avenue.

Population
In the 2016 Census, there were 3,805 people in Pagewood. 61.4% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were China 3.2% and England 2.7%. 61.1% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Greek 8.6% and Mandarin 3.6%. The most common responses for religion were Catholic 33.3%, No Religion 16.9%, Eastern Orthodox 12.9% and Anglican 10.7%.

Education
Pagewood Public School is located in Page Street

Sport and recreation
A number of well-known sporting teams represent the local area. One of them is the well known NRL club named the South Sydney Rabbitohs and Botany Rams some other teams are Pagewood Botany Soccer Club, Botany Golf Club, Bonnie Doon Golf Club, Eastlake Golf Club and The Lakes Golf Club.

Notable residents

 * Marele Day, author
 * Harry Finch, rugby league player
 * Kristina Keneally, politician
 * Ed Rigney, rugby league player
 * Charlie Teo, neurosurgeon
 * Matt Thistlethwaite, politician
 * Arnold Traynor, rugby league player

title: Pagewood, New South Wales