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User talk:Truman Burbank

Integralism
Hi

Just before your edits, I put a warning on the history page : please do NOT put back the link to it : it doesn't speak about the same thing

Integralism is not the same thing as religious fundamentalism. It is a specific and almost absolute form of nationalism, invented mainly by French thinker and activst Charles Mauras. Therefore, I revert your edits and the Italian wikilink. Thanks--Revas 15:37, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Now I have read your note, but some problems remain. First: the sentences I inserted come from the Conservative item, linked to Integralism, so two meanings of integralism are already in en.wiki. Second: I saw that the two meanings were different when I inserted "Integralismo" (religioso) in it.wiki, but other people decided to link and translate the Englih version. So both the meanings are in the Italian version. Maybe the best thing could be a disambiguation page. Could you prepare it in English? --Truman Burbank 16:41, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Community article
Hi Truman, I see you have not been to the english wikipedia in a while, but thanks for your comments about Community on Talk:Community. Should you still be around, you may wish to have a look at the article now. The rewrite is still in progress. CQ 04:21, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

Metodo enciclopedico
Hi Truman, please look at my article - General methodology - and, if you have a minute, write some notes about Il metodo enciclopedico, With respect, Hamard Evitiatini (talk) 10:01, 6 December 2010 (UTC) Thanks a lot! Hamard Evitiatini (talk) 07:17, 7 December 2010 (UTC) I add a section to my article ([], section "Modern state of general methodology") - please, can you look?)) Hamard Evitiatini (talk) 14:13, 11 December 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:00, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Truman Burbank


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Gender/Sexuality Rights Association Taiwan

Gender/Sexuality Rights Association Taiwan (G/STRAT; ) was established in May 1999 in Taiwan. It aims to promote rights of sexual minorities in the aspects of family, education system, politics, economy and law.

It had protested the "Measures Governing the Rating Systems of Publications and Pre-recorded Video Programs" in Taiwan, supported the "Gin Gin's" gay bookstore when it was accused "offenses against morals", and presented Asian Lesbian Film and Video Festival in August 2005. Wang Ping is currently the Secretary-general.

In 2004, it won International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission's (IGLHRC) Felipa de Souza Award.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Fuad Reveiz

Fuad Reveiz (born February 24, 1963) is a Colombian American former professional football player who was a placekicker for 10 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected in the seventh round of the 1985 NFL Draft by the Miami Dolphins. He also played for the San Diego Chargers and the Minnesota Vikings. He was a Pro Bowl selection in 1994. He played college football for the Tennessee Volunteers from 1981 to 1984, and holds the school record for the longest field goal (60 yards).

High school
Reveiz was born in Bogotá, Colombia. He moved with his family to Miami, United States, in 1974. Reveiz played for Miami Sunset Senior High. During his sophomore season in 1978, he set a state record with a 60-yard field goal.

College career
Reveiz was not highly recruited out of high school, and originally had planned to attend junior college. However, University of Tennessee coach Johnny Majors, concerned with his kickers' performance during spring practice in 1981, offered Reveiz a scholarship just prior to fall practice. Reveiz connected on 25 of 25 extra point attempts during his freshman year, and was 7 of 15 on field goal tries. He kicked a 51-yard field goal in Tennessee's win over Memphis State, which at the time was the fifth-longest in school history. Two weeks later, he kicked a last-second 28-yard field goal to give Tennessee a 24-21 win over Wichita State. His kickoffs frequently landed in or beyond the end zone.

Reveiz's best season with Tennessee came in 1982, when he was again perfect on extra point attempts, and connected on 27 of 31 field goal tries, including an NCAA-record 8 of 10 on field goal attempts of 50 yards or longer. At one point in the season, he hit 14 consecutive field goals before finally missing one in the rain against Vanderbilt. He hit a school-record 60-yarder in Tennessee's loss to Georgia Tech on October 23, and hit a 52-yarder with less than two minutes to play in the Vols' 24-24 tie against LSU (though he missed a potential game-winner from the same distance). He tied the school single-game record of five field goals in Tennessee's win over Memphis State on November 6, and matched it two weeks later in Tennessee's win over Kentucky. His mark of 27 field goals was second in the nation only to Paul Woodside's record-setting mark of 28.

Reveiz entered the 1983 season a Preseason All-American. He connected on field goals of 45 yards and 47 yards in Tennessee's 20-6 win over LSU, and hit a game-tying 27-yard field goal in the Vols' 41-34 win over Alabama. He missed the first extra point attempt of his career in Tennessee's game against The Citadel, however, and finished the season with 17 field goals on 26 attempts, a considerable drop off from the previous season.

Working with special teams coach George Cafego, Reveiz rebounded with a strong senior season in 1984, hitting 20 field goals on 23 attempts, and connecting on 29 of 30 extra point attempts. At one point in the season, he hit 18 consecutive field goals, which was an SEC record until 2014. He hit the game-winning field goal in Tennessee's 24-21 victory over Georgia Tech on October 27. He was named an All-American by Gannett News, and All-SEC by SouthSports. He competed in the annual Blue–Gray Classic at the end of the season, hitting four field goals in the South's 33-6 victory.

During his career at Tennessee, Reveiz connected on 71 of 95 field goal attempts, and 101 of 103 extra point attempts for a total of 314 points. As of 2012, his success rate of 80% on field goals of 50 yards or more remains an NCAA single-season record, his 18 consecutive field goals remained an SEC record until broken by Georgia's Marshall Morgan in 2014, and his 60-yard field goal against Georgia Tech in 1982 is tied with two others for the SEC record for longest field goal. His 71 career field goals remains a school record, and his 27 field goals in 1982 remains a school single-season record. His career total of 314 points remained a school record until broken by John Becksvoort in the early 1990s.

Professional career
Reveiz was drafted by the Miami Dolphins in the seventh round of the 1985 NFL Draft. He was the 195th pick overall, and the fourth kicker selected that year. During preseason play prior to the 1985 season, he beat out Uwe von Schamann and Eddie Garcia for the starting job. He connected on 10 of his first 11 attempts, his only miss being a 52-yarder into a strong wind (for which Coach Don Shula took the blame). He hit a game-winning 43-yard field goal against Tampa Bay on October 20, and hit a 47-yarder that would prove to be the difference in the Dolphins' 30-27 win over New England on December 16. He finished 22 of 27 for the season, with three of his misses coming on attempts of 50 yards or more. In February 1986, following his rookie year, he became a U.S. citizen.

Reveiz missed several games during the 1988 season with a pulled thigh muscle. He was placed on the Dolphins' injured reserve list prior to the 1989 season, and was waived a few weeks later.

Reveiz signed with the San Diego Chargers in 1990, but hit only 2 of 7 field goal attempts, and was cut after one month. He then signed with the Minnesota Vikings, and quickly revived his career. His 24-yard field goal as time expired gave the Vikings a 24-21 win over Seattle on November 18, 1990. It would be one of seven game-winning field goals Reveiz would kick for the Vikings. He connected on 11 of 12 attempts during his limited first season with the Vikings, breaking the team's single-season record for accuracy. He hit the game-winning field goal as time expired in Minnesota's 6-3 victory over Pittsburgh on December 20, 1992, allowing the Vikings to lock up the NFC Central Division title. Between October 10, 1994, and September 17, 1995, Reveiz connected on 31 consecutive field goal attempts, which at the time was an NFL record. He hit two field goals on two attempts in the NFC's 41-13 loss in the 1995 Pro Bowl.

Consistent pain in his left planting foot forced Reveiz's retirement from professional football prior to the 1996 season.

Post-playing career and personal life
Reveiz was naturalized as a U.S. citizen in 1986.

After his retirement from the NFL, Reveiz, an ALA Health House Registered Builder, founded a home remodeling company, Reveiz and Co. He is also the host of Weekend Remodeling and other shows on the DIY Network. He currently resides in Knoxville, Tennessee.

Reveiz and his wife, Gail, have three children: Bryanna, Nick and Shane. His son, Nick, played linebacker for the University of Tennessee from 2007 to 2010, and was a captain of the 2009 and 2010 teams. Shane also played linebacker for the Vols, from 2009 to 2011. Fuad's younger brother, Carlos, played kicker for Tennessee from 1984 to 1986.

title: Fuad Reveiz


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Category:Films directed by François Truffaut

Films directed by François Truffaut.


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Miroprofen

Miroprofen (INN) is an analgesic and NSAID, meaning that it has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antiplatelet aggregation activity. Chemically it is a carboxylic acid belonging to the group of phenylpropanoic acids.

title: Miroprofen


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User:Carmine Colacino~enwiki

For a Short vitae click here and select A Short vitae/University site

Page on MetaWiki

Page on Neapolitan Wikipedia

Page on Italian Wikipedia

title: User:Carmine Colacino~enwiki


text: User talk:147.31.4.43

title: User talk:147.31.4.43


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Christian Laflamme

Christian Lucien Laflamme (born November 24, 1976) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played parts of eight seasons in the National Hockey League between 1996 and 2004.

Biography
As a youth, Laflamme played in the 1989 and 1990 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournaments with a minor ice hockey team from Rive-Sud. Laflamme was selected in the second round of the 1995 NHL Entry Draft, 45th overall, by the Chicago Blackhawks, after a successful junior career in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League.

Laflamme started his NHL career with the Blackhawks before being dealt to the Edmonton Oilers in a trade that saw Boris Mironov join the Blackhawks. Laflamme spent less than a calendar year in Edmonton before being traded to the Montreal Canadiens. After two seasons in Montreal with limited playing time, Laflamme signed as a free agent with the St. Louis Blues, where he split time between the NHL and the American Hockey League.

Transactions

 * 8 July 1995 - Laflamme drafted by Chicago.
 * 20 March 1999 - Laflamme is dealt by Chicago, along with Daniel Cleary, Ethan Moreau and Chad Kilger to Edmonton in exchange for Boris Mironov, Dean McAmmond and Jonas Elofsson.
 * 9 March 2000 - Laflamme is traded by Edmonton to Montreal, along with Matthieu Descoteaux in exchange for Igor Ulanov and Alain Nasreddine.
 * 21 August 2001 - Laflamme signs with St. Louis.

title: Christian Laflamme


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Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad

The Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad, often abbreviated as the D&SNG, is a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow-gauge heritage railroad that operates on 45.2 miles of track between Durango and Silverton, in the U.S. state of Colorado. The railway is a federally-designated National Historic Landmark and was also designated by the American Society of Civil Engineers as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1968.

The route was originally opened in 1882 by the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad (D&RGW) to transport silver and gold ore mined from the San Juan Mountains. The line was an extension of the D&RG narrow-gauge line from Antonito, Colorado, to Durango. The last train to operate into Durango from the east was on December 6, 1968. The states of New Mexico and Colorado purchased 64 miles of track between Antonito and Chama, New Mexico, in 1970, which is operated today as the Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad (C&TSRR). Trackage between Chama and Durango was removed by 1971.

The line from Durango to Silverton has run continuously since 1881, although it is now a tourist and heritage line hauling passengers, and is one of the few places in the U.S. which has seen continuous use of steam locomotives. In March 1981, the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad (D&RGW) sold the line and the D&SNG was formed. Today, the D&SNG, along with the C&TSRR, are the only two remaining parts of the former D&RGW narrow-gauge network. The railroad has a total of nine narrow-gauge steam locomotives (eight of which are operational) and ten narrow-gauge diesel locomotives, six of which have been acquired since 2020, on its current roster.

Some rolling-stock dates back to the 1880s. Trains operate from Durango to the Cascade Wye in the winter months and Durango–Silverton during the summer months. Durango depot was built in January 1882 and has been preserved in its original form.

History
William Jackson Palmer (1836–1908) was a former Union General (serving in the American Civil War) who came to Colorado after managing the construction of the Kansas Pacific Railway into Denver in 1870. Prior to the war, he had risen within the ranks of the Pennsylvania Railroad, serving as secretary to the president. After arriving in Denver, he formulated a plan to build a narrow-gauge railroad southward from Denver to El Paso, Texas (see Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad). In 1871, the Denver & Rio Grande Railway began to lay rails south from Denver. Palmer and his associates had agreed that the choice of narrow-gauge would be well suited to the mountainous country, and relatively less expensive construction costs would enhance the viability of the new railroad. The original north–south plans of the D&RG eventually expanded to include extensions throughout the booming mining country of central and southwestern Colorado.

In July 1881, the Denver & Rio Grande reached Durango and started building the final 45-mile stretch up the Animas River to Silverton. The first 18 miles to Rockwood were completed by late November. The remainder of the route entered the narrow Animas Canyon, which has steep granite walls. The labor crew, made up of mostly Chinese and Irish immigrants, blasted the canyon cliffs off and left a narrow, level shelf to lay the tracks on. Grading was completed by late spring 1882.

The D&RG reached Silverton on July 10, 1882. Trains hauling passengers and freight began immediately. The D&RG soon re-emerged as the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad (1886) and ultimately began operating as the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad (D&RGW) on July 31, 1921, after re-organization of the Colorado lines and Rio Grande Western of Utah. Eventually, the railroad became widely known as the "Rio Grande".

The Silverton branch, as it became known, struggled under D&RG ownership following the Panic of 1893 and the end of free coinage of silver. Typical of many portions of the surviving narrow-gauge branches into the middle of the twentieth century, the line faced sagging revenue due to ever-declining mining ventures, highway trucking competition and insignificant passenger revenue. Annual snowslides and several major floods on the branch would only continue to challenge the railroad's ability to survive.

The Silverton
After World War II, domestic tourism began to grow across the country and the Silverton branch of the railroad would benefit. Bolstered by national exposure via Hollywood movies being filmed along the line in the late 1940s, the railroad created The Silverton, a summer-only train service, on June 24, 1947. A short time later, the railroad adorned a locomotive and four coaches with a colorful yellow paint scheme and launched modest public promotion. With this effort, "The Painted Train" officially started a new era of tourism that continues to this day. Freight traffic, however, continued to decline, and during the 1950s The Silverton operated as a mixed train.

By the 1960s, a modernized D&RGW did not see the Silverton Branch as worthy to maintain and a petition was filed with governmental agencies to abandon it. The Interstate Commerce Commission declined to grant the request due to the continued increase in tourist patronage. Following the ICC's ruling, the railroad reluctantly responded by investing in additional rolling stock, track maintenance and improvements to the Durango depot. The railroad purchased some of the property around the depot, cleaned up the block extending north to Sixth Street and facilitated the opening of gift shops and other tourist-friendly businesses. As ridership continued to grow, the D&RGW operated a second train to Silverton on certain days.

1970s
Since 1971, the Silverton branch and nearby Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad (C&TSRR) were the only remnants of the Rio Grande's once extensive narrow-gauge system. During the late 1970s, the D&RGW was actively trying to sell the Silverton branch and, in 1979, Charles Bradshaw, a Florida citrus grower, offered the railroad a legitimate opportunity to divest itself of the now-isolated route. On October 5, 1980, The Silverton made its last run under D&RGW ownership and, after operating a work train the following day, the railroad finally concluded its  narrow-gauge train operations, bringing to a close an era that began 110 years earlier with its narrow-gauge railroad from Denver to Colorado Springs.

2000s to present
In June 2018, the railroad shut down for several weeks due to a wildfire, named the "416 Fire", which was fought by two air tankers, six helicopters and some 400 firefighters on the ground. An estimated 54129 acres of the San Juan National Forest were burned, with losses estimated at more than $31 million. Given the fire risk from coal cinder-sparked wildfires, the railroad's owner plans to invest several million dollars to replace coal-power with oil-power for its steam locomotives and has acquired two new narrow-gauge diesel locomotives. The railroad's coal-burning steam locomotives were suspected of sparking the "416 Fire" blaze, and some area businesses and residents filed a civil lawsuit against the railroad and its owner in mid-September 2018. As of 2023, the railroad aims to have most, if not all, of its operational steam locomotives converted to oil-power. The railroad closed for several months in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

New ownership
The D&SNG was founded by Charles Bradshaw Jr., of Florida, with the intent of purchasing the right-of-way and equipment while expanding the infrastructure and passenger revenue. His plans were fulfilled with the March 25, 1981, acquisition of the D&RGW's 45 mi Silverton branch and all of its structures and rolling stock.

The improvements to the railroad in the 1980s would prove to be the most dramatic growth on the Silverton Branch since the earlier part of the century. Bolstered by the assistance of former Rio Grande operating managers and a relatively sizeable staff of new employees, Bradshaw's plans were set in motion immediately. Included in the sale were former D&RGW locomotives and rolling stock that had not seen service in Durango for many years. "K-36" and "K-37" class locomotives were eventually restored to operating condition, and these larger classes of engines operated to Silverton for the first time ever following bridge and right-of-way improvements to the line. 1880s vintage coaches were exquisitely restored and new coaches were added to the roster of rolling stock. For the first time in many years, double-headed trains (trains with two locomotives) and additional scheduled trains, beyond the former summer-only passenger trains operated by the Rio Grande, were employed to handle the continually-growing passenger trade. The Durango yard facilities also saw dramatic improvements. An extension was added to the old roundhouse, a new car shop was built on the site of the original "car barn", and the depot saw extensive repair and internal modifications. The workforce grew with the railroad, and Durango's tourist image expanded as new businesses and revamping of the old railroad town continued to take shape. The original 1881 Durango roundhouse was completely destroyed by fire in the winter of 1989. All six operable locomotives had been inside at the time and were damaged, but not beyond repair. All locomotives were eventually restored to operating condition. A new roundhouse was constructed on the same site, opening in early 1990, and its facade made use of bricks salvaged from the original building.

In March 1997, Bradshaw sold the D&SNG to First American Railways, Inc., located in Hollywood, Florida. Then, in July 1998, the railroad was sold again, to American Heritage Railways. At the time, American Heritage Railways was headquartered in Coral Gables, Florida. Since then, its headquarters were moved to Durango, Colorado. The D&SNG has two museums, one each in Durango and Silverton.

Management

 * Allen C. Harper — owner and CEO
 * Carol Harper — owner and president
 * Jeff Johnson — general manager
 * John Harper — senior vice president
 * Cathy Swartz — CFO

D&SNG engines
As of April 2024, the Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad appears to operate nineteen locomotives, eight converted oil-fired steam locomotives and nine diesel locomotives. The current roster goes as follows:

Technical information
The steam-powered locomotives used today on the Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad were built during the 1920s. There are three classes, K-28, K-36 and K-37, which are all based on wheel arrangement and pulling power of the locomotive. As of 2023, of the nine steam locomotives currently owned by the D&SNG, Nos. 473, 476, 480, 481, 482 and 493 are all operational.

The K represents the nickname "Mikado" that describes a locomotive with two non-powered, pivoting wheels in front of eight driving wheels, which are connected to driving rods powered by the engine's pistons and finally two non-powered trailer wheels located under the cab. The name comes from the fact that the first significant use of the type was a series built by Baldwin Locomotive Works for the Japanese Railways in 1887.

The numbers 28 and 36 designate the tractive effort (pulling force) of the locomotives in thousands of pounds. The tractive effort of K-28s is rated at 27500 lbf and the tractive effort of a K-36 is a 36200 lbf. The weight of a K-28 with a full tender is 254500 lb and a K-36 weighs 286600 lb with a full tender.

470 series
The 470 series, or "K-28" class "Mikado" type locomotives, were ten engines designed for freight service along the D&RG. They were built by the Schenectady Locomotive Works of the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) in Schenectady, New York in 1923. The K-28s have 28000 lbf. of tractive effort, superheated, and the boilers are fed by two non-lifting injectors.

Air brakes are 6-ET automatic and also feature a straight air secondary braking system for daily passenger trains. Due to their smaller size, these engines are often used on the D&SNG for shorter trains, usually the first or last on the schedule, and often for helper service or sectioned trains. Despite being smaller than the K-36 class locomotives, older and less powerful, the engine crews tend to favor a trip on these engines because the design ALCO used was superior in balance and servicing. Firing can be tricky when the engine is working hard, as the clam shell-style firedoors tend to pull into the backhead of the boiler due to the draft, and if any flues in the boiler are leaking, the loss of draft on the fire is much harder to work around than on the K-36 locomotives. Firing while the engine is working hard is done with a large "heel" pattern, generally with as little coal on the flue sheet as possible, and gradually sloping the fire bed towards the door sheet to the height or higher than the firedoors. This results in the draft being forced through the fire bed in the thinner areas towards the flue sheet, which usually is hindered by the lack of draft between the grates and the arch brick. New firemen sometimes have a hard time learning this, because the art of "reading" a fire takes time to learn and the amount of time working on the K-28 class locomotives is much-reduced compared to the railroad's usual K-36 workhorses, which have a larger firebox and are more forgiving in technique.

Out of the original ten only three 470s remain, and all are owned and operated by the D&SNG. The other seven were requisitioned by the United States Army in 1942 to be used on the White Pass & Yukon Route in Alaska during World War II. They were later dismantled for scrap in 1946.

Locomotives 473, 476 and 478 operated on many parts of the D&RGW. Engine 473 served frequently on the Chili Line that operated between Antonito, Colorado and Santa Fe, New Mexico, until the line was abandoned in 1941. 476 and 478 saw an extensive service on the San Juan passenger train, which ran between Durango, Colorado and Alamosa, Colorado until 1951. 473, 476 and 478 operated on the Silverton Branch from the 1950s through 1980 and are still in service today.

In July 2015, the D&SNG and C&TSRR had announced an engine-trade proposal by which locomotive 478 would go to Chama, New Mexico, and, in exchange, the D&SNG would get K-36 class No. 483, which had not seen operation in several years. Since the swap failed to go through, the D&SNG announced in June 2016 that it was going to restore locomotive 476 to operating condition and place locomotive 478 in the museum where locomotive 476 previously sat in.

 * 1) No. 473 has been converted to an oil burner and is operational.
 * 2) No. 476 has been converted to an oil burner and is operational.
 * 3) No. 478 is placed on display in the D&SNG Museum awaiting an overhaul.

480 series
The 480 series, or "K-36" class "Mikado" type locomotives, were ten engines designed for the D&RGW. They were built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1925. The 480s were the last ten narrow-gauge locomotives constructed for the D&RGW. The 480s were used for freight-hauling throughout the D&RGW narrow-gauge network. The "36" stands for 36200 lbf. of tractive effort. These engines are outside- frame Mikados, and all drive wheels have counterbalancing outside of the frame, resulting in the utilitarian look the engines are known for.

The engines currently use 6-ET automatic air and the secondary straight air used on regular service equipment. The railroad runs 12-car passenger trains behind these engines; however more cars require the train to be double-headed. Despite popular belief that the railroad does not doublehead trains out of Durango because of smoke, the real reason is the weight restriction on the bridge at 15th Street, not allowing more than one K-36 at a time (K-28 class engines, however, are still doubleheaded from Durango). The engines were delivered with Master Mechanics-design smokeboxes for draft; however at some point the D&RGW converted them to Andersson (cyclone) front ends. Water is fed to the boiler by two non-lifting injectors. The 40 sqft grate surface in the firebox is among the largest built for a narrow-gauge locomotive and is fed by hand-firing. Firing is simpler on these engines compared to the K-28s; however, the larger surface area requires more fuel. A typical trip uses around 3 - 5 ST on the way up to Silverton and another 1 - 2 ST on the return to Durango. Ergonomically, the engines are less comfortable than the others as well, with the crew seats being farther back from the backhead and the engineer having to lean forward constantly to adjust the throttle and use the sanders. The running gear on the locomotives also tend to wear out faster than the ALCO-designed K-28s, and the resulting pounding and rough ride can take a toll on the engine crew.

The D&SNG owns four K-36s: Nos. 480, 481, 482 and 486, all of which are operational. The Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad (C&TSRR) owns Nos. 483, 484, 487, 488 and 489. Locomotive No. 485, unfortunately, fell into the turntable pit in Salida, Colorado, in 1955. It was scrapped for parts thereafter; however, some accessories, running and valve gear were salvaged and used on other locomotives.

 * 1) No. 480 has been converted to an oil burner and is operational.
 * 2) No. 481 is undergoing an overhaul and conversion to oil
 * 3) No. 482 has been converted to an oil burner and is operational.
 * 4) No. 486 is placed on display in the D&SNG Museum awaiting a full overhaul and conversion to an oil burner.

490 series
The 490 series, or "K-37" class "Mikado" type locomotives, were part of a class of thirty standard-gauge class 190 (later, class C-41) 2-8-0 "Consolidation-" type engines built in 1902 for the D&RG by Baldwin Locomotive Works. In 1928 and 1930, ten of the C-41s boilers were used to build the Rio Grande's K-37 class of steam locomotive.

At first the D&SNG operated only one K-37: #497, which was rebuilt in 1984 and operated for seven years, being the first K-37 to go to Silverton, and under its own power.

It was later determined that the trailing truck was having trouble negotiating the curves in the Animas Canyon. For this reason, the D&SNG traded #497 to the C&TSRR in exchange for K-36 class#482. This trade was mutually beneficial for both railroads as it gave the C&TSRR a fully operational locomotive, giving in exchange a locomotive that had never run and likely would never operate under C&TSRR ownership.

Numbers 493 and 498 are owned by the D&SNG, but #498 is not operational and serving as a parts source. Number 499 was also owned by the D&SNG at one time, lacking a tender and was on display in the museum. #499 was later traded for K-36 class No. 486 at Royal Gorge Park, including the tender from #498.

No. 493 was shifted around a few times on the railroad on display a few times, last ending up in the Silverton yard until May 4, 2016, when #493 was hauled to Durango from Silverton by K-36 #481. #493 was originally supposed to be transported to the Colorado Railroad Museum in Golden, Colorado, on a 10-year lease, where it would be restored to operating condition and run it for those 10 years; then returned to the D&SNG. However, plans were cancelled and #493 sat outside the Durango roundhouse with an uncertain future for some time until early 2018, when she was put in the roundhouse for restoration. In response to the 416 fire, the D&SNG announced their plans to restore #493 publicly and that the locomotive was their first candidate for an oil conversion, with more to come in the future. #493 ran under its own power for the first time on January 24, 2020, and has been the D&SNG's primary piece of motive power throughout 2020 and 2021.

 * 1) No. 493 has been converted to an oil burner and is operational.
 * 2) No. 497 was traded to the C&TSRR in October 1991 and is awaiting an overhaul in the Chama roundhouse.
 * 3) No. 498 is stored partially disassembled in Durango.
 * 4) No. 499 was traded to the Royal Gorge Park in May 1999 and is placed on display.

Diesel engines
Diesels were first introduced to the Durango Yard in the 1960s with diesel locomotive #50. Today, #50 is now on display at the Colorado Railroad Museum in Golden, Colorado. The United States Transportation Corps. also had a six-axle narrow-gauge diesel locomotive (#3000) for trial use in Durango in the 1950s, which saw limited use.

 * 1) Diesel engine #1, nicknamed the "Hotshot", is a 50-ton center-cab diesel built by General Electric in 1957. It was acquired from the Arkansas Limestone Railroad. During the 2002 Missionary Ridge Fire, the D&SNG voluntarily shut-down steam service. To help continue service, Hotshot pulled coaches out along the highline from Rockwood, Colorado. It is currently stationed in Durango.
 * 2) Diesel engine #2, nicknamed the "P.B. II", is a 45-ton center-cab diesel built by General Electric in February 1951 and was originally Algoma Steel #1, from Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. It was later sold to the Yosemite Mountain Sugar Pine Railroad in May 2006. It is currently in service on the YMSPRR as their #402.
 * 3) Diesel engine #4 is a 55-ton center-cab diesel built by General Electric in August 1955 and was originally Algoma Steel #4, from Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. It was later sold to the Colorado Railroad Museum in 2004. It is currently in service at the C.R.R.M. as Golden City & San Juan #4.
 * 4) Diesel engine #5 is a 45-ton center-cab diesel built by General Electric in May 1960 and was originally Algoma Steel #5, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. It currently remains stored partially disassembled in Durango.
 * 5) Diesel engine #7, nicknamed the "Big Al", is an 87-ton center-cab diesel built by General Electric in August 1975 and was originally Algoma Steel #7, from Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Big Al is named after the current owner of the D&SNG, Allen C. Harper. It was later sold to the Colorado Railroad Museum in December 2021 and eventually moved there on April 20, 2022. It is currently in service at the C.R.R.M.
 * 6) Diesel engine #9 was first acquired by the D&SNG in March 2006 and is a 92-ton center-cab diesel built by General Electric (exact date unknown). #9 was later traded to the Georgetown Loop Railroad in March 2017 in exchange for its Porter type DE75CT diesel engine #1203. It is currently in service on the GLRY.
 * 7) Diesel engine #11, nicknamed the "P.B.", was built by U.S. Steel with GE parts (exact date unknown). It was acquired in March 2006 and is a 98-ton center-cab diesel.
 * 8) Diesel engine #101 is one of four former White Pass & Yukon Route type DL-535E diesels recently acquired in April 2020. It was built by the Montreal Locomotive Works in May 1969. It arrived at the D&SNG in late September 2020.
 * 9) Diesel engine #103 is one of four former White Pass & Yukon Route type DL-535E diesels recently acquired in April 2020. It was built by the Montreal Locomotive Works in May 1969. It arrived at the D&SNG in late September 2021.
 * 10) Diesel engine #106 is one of four former White Pass & Yukon Route type DL-535E diesels recently acquired in April 2020. It was built by the Montreal Locomotive Works in May 1969. It arrived at the D&SNG in late September 2021.
 * 11) Diesel engine #107 is one of four former White Pass & Yukon Route type DL-535E diesels recently acquired in April 2020. It was built by the Montreal Locomotive Works in May 1969. It arrived at the D&SNG in late August 2020.
 * 12) Diesel engine #1201 is one of two custom-built type MP2000NG diesels acquired from Motive Power and Equipment Solutions in 2018, in response to the 416 Fire near Durango. It was built between 2018 and 2020, rebuilt from an ex-Tri-Rail F40PHL-2 and was originally announced to have the number 550, which is the number that was chosen in reference to the highway linking Durango and Silverton. It arrived at the D&SNG in early November 2020. It is currently stored in Durango awaiting to be put into service.
 * 13) Diesel engine #1202 is one of two custom-built type MP2000NG diesels acquired from Motive Power and Equipment Solutions in 2018 in response to the 416 Fire near Durango. It was built between 2018 and 2020, rebuilt from an ex-Tri-Rail F40PHL-2, and was originally announced to have the number 416, which is the number that was chosen in recognition of the extraordinary effort that was undertaken by firefighters to fight the fire. It arrived at the D&SNG in late October 2020. It is currently stored in Durango awaiting to be put into service.
 * 14) Diesel engine #1203 is a type DE75CT diesel built by H.K. Porter in January 1946, originally for U.S. Gypsum. It was acquired in March 2017 from the Georgetown Loop Railroad in trade for GE 92-ton center-cab diesel engine #9.
 * RB-1 (railbus) was built in the winter of 1987–1988. It was originally numbered 1001 and was named Tamarron. It could seat 32 people, had its own baggage compartment, had its own restroom and had a 300 hp six-cylinder Caterpillar diesel engine. This unit was intended for use on the Animas River Railway; when that operation was shut-down, it was found being used as a switcher in the Durango yard. Years later, it was put into revenue service during the 2002 Missionary Ridge Fire. It has since been sold to a new owner.
 * In April 2020, it was announced that four MLW type DL-535E diesels have been purchased from the White Pass & Yukon Route in Skagway, Alaska. The first two of those diesels (Nos. 101 and 107) were delivered between late August and late September 2020. The other two diesels (Nos. 103 and 106) were delivered in late September 2021. All 4 are now in service and operating.

D&SNG rolling stock
The Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad currently operates over 50 pieces of rolling stock. Some of the cars are the oldest passenger cars in existence.

Concession cars
Like most of the coaches on the D&SNG, the concession cars are good examples of how coaches were renumbered and rebuilt several times by the D&RGW.
 * Concession car 64 was originally D&RG mail-baggage 64 built in 1889. In 1983 it was purchased from the Black Hills Central Railroad. 64 returned to service in 1984 as a concession car.
 * Concession car 126 was originally D&RG baggage car 27. It was renumbered 126 in 1886. It was converted to a coach-snack bar by the D&RGW in 1963 then reconverted in 1979 to a coach. It was reconverted to a full concession car by the D&SNG in 1982.
 * Concession car 212 was originally D&RG coach 20 built in 1879. In 1887 it was rebuilt into a combination coach-baggage car and numbered 215. In 1942, 215 had been sold to a Mexican railway. Then the D&RGW realized that it was larger than another combination car 212. The numbers of the car were switched and the smaller car was sent to Mexico. In 1964 converted to a coach-snack bar by the D&RGW, then to a 48-passenger coach in 1979. In 1982 it was converted to a snack bar car by the D&SNG. Then, in 1986, it was converted to a full concession car.
 * Concession car 566 was originally D&RG mail car 14 built in 1882. Around 1888 it was rebuilt into excursion car 566. In July 1904 it was renumbered 0566. Then it was switched to work service in 1914. It was rebuilt to its original appearance as a postal car by the D&SNG. It was then given its old excursion car number of 566 and is now used as a concession car.

Coaches
The D&SNG operates one combination car 213 named Bitter Root Mine, it was previously named Home Ranch and was built in 1983 by the D&SNG. It has a hydraulic lift for passengers in wheelchairs.

The D&SNG operates several other coaches:

 * 1) 256, built in 1880, former Rio Grande Southern Railroad, purchased in 2022 and currently stored awaiting restoration.
 * 2) 257 Shenandoah, built in 1880, originally numbered 267 until sold to the RGS, later reacquired by the D&SNG.
 * 3) 270 Pinkerton, built in 1880
 * 4) 291 King Mine, built in 1881
 * 5) 311 McPhee, built in 1881
 * 6) 319 Needleton, built in 1882
 * 7) 323 Animas City, built in 1887
 * 8) 327 Durango, built in 1887
 * 9) 330 Cascade, built in 1963
 * 10) 331 Trimble, built in 1963
 * 11) 332 La Plata, built in 1964
 * 12) 333 Tacoma, built in 1964
 * 13) 334 Hermosa, built in 1964
 * 14) 335 Elk Park, built in 1964
 * 15) 336 Rockwood, built in 1964
 * 16) 337 Fort Lewis, built in 1964
 * 17) 503 Crazy Woman Creek, acquired in 2019. 503 was originally a flat car built in the 1940s, then converted for use as a coach in 1982 by the Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad.

Cinco Animas B-2
Built in 1883, the Cinco Animas was originally an immigrant sleeper. Immigrant sleepers had very few amenities and had little consideration for passenger comfort. The original Cinco Animas could seat up to thirty passengers. It was turned into a business car in 1913. In 1963 it was purchased by the Cinco Animas Corporation, where it received its present name. Then, in 1982, the Cinco Animas was sold to the D&SNG. It runs daily throughout the summer.

Nomad B-3
Built in 1878, the Nomad was originally named Fairplay. In 1886, it was rebuilt as Business Car N. It is reportedly the favorite car of D&RG president William Jackson Palmer. The Fairplay has hosted Presidents William H Taft, Ulysses S Grant and Theodore Roosevelt. While being owned by several parties between 1951 and 1982 the Fairplay was renamed the Nomad. It was acquired by the D&SNG in 1982. Today it is the oldest private railroad coach still in service in the United States. It runs daily throughout the summer.

General Palmer B-7
The General Palmer was built in 1880 as a business car for the D&RG. In later years it fell into disrepair. It was restored in 2001 at a cost of $250,000 by the D&SNG. Its modern amenities include internet service and a twenty-inch flat paneled television. The General Palmer is exclusively used by owner Allen Harper, his family and guests.

San Juan 312
Built by the D&RG in 1887, it had clerestory roof and bullnose ends. It was finished in ash and seated forty-six. It was rebuilt in 1937 at the Alamosa shops. Vestuable ends, train-line steam heat, electric lights, and deluxe Heywood-Wakefield reclining coach seats for 24 passenger were installed. The D&SNG named coach 312 the Silverton. In the winter of 2007–2008 it was rebuilt with overstuffed seating for in a wide three across arrangement and had its name changed to San Juan. It runs during the summer time.

Alamosa 350
Built in 1880, it was originally named the Hildago as Horton chair car number 25. It was changed to car 403 in 1885. It was then rebuilt into an office living car for members of the Valuation Survey in 1919. Valuation Survey was inventorying the entire railroad property after it was returned to the D&RGW after World War 1. In 1924 it was converted into a parlor-smoker car. After a rebuild in 1937 it became a parlor-buffet car named Alamosa. The car had a closed vestibule, with steam heat, electric lights and seats for fourteen passengers. In 1957 it was converted for coach service. It was renumbered 350 in 1959. In 1981 it was purchased by the D&SNG and converted to a parlor car and seats twenty-five people. There was another car with the same name that was destroyed in a derailment on the Rio Grande Southern Railroad. It runs daily throughout the summer.

Prospector 630
Was built in 1984 as a coach and was named Hunt. In 2009 it became a family upscale coach. The Prospector features comfortable table and chair style seating. The ceiling of the Prospector features an enlarged route map, making it easy for passengers to follow the train's progress along the route.

Tall Timber Legend 631 & Tall Timber Legacy 632
631 was built in 1985 and named the North Star. 632 was built in 1986 and named Teft. Both cars were built as general passenger cars to help with the increase in passengers. In 2009 the cars were converted with overstuffed seats. They are used mainly to take passengers to Tall Timber to go zip lining.

Open observation gondolas
Open observation gondolas 400–402 were built in 1963, equipped with passenger car trucks, steel roofs, tile floors and tramway seats. Gondolas 403–405 were built for the 1967 season on The Silverton. Between 1982 and 1985 the D&SNG built Open Observation cars 411 and 412. Open Observation cars 406–409 and 413–416 were built between 1982 and 1986
 * Cars 400–405 and 411–412 are former standard gauge boxcars, built in 1916
 * Cars 406–409 and 413–416 are former standard gauge stock cars, built in 1937

Silver Vista 313
The original Silver Vista was built in 1947 by the D&RGW. It was a popular glass-topped observation car and the only one of its kind. The original Silver Vista was destroyed by a fire in Alamosa in 1953. Because of its popularity, there has been speculation that the D&RGW destroyed it on purpose to drive revenue down so they could abandon the line from Silverton to Antonito. The recreation of the Silver Vista was built in 2006. It runs daily throughout the summer.

Rio Grande No. 410
Built in the winter of 1987–1988, the Rio Grande was originally railbus trailer 1002 and was painted red. It was used with the Animas Canyon Railway Diesel-powered rail-bus. It was stored from 1992 to 1997, until it was rebuilt as an open observation car 313. It was given number 313, because it resembled the Silver Vista. After the Silver Vista was built in 2006, it became open observation car 410. In the winter of 2006–2007 it was again rebuilt into an open air observation car with comfortable and large overstuffed seats for a more expansive view. It runs daily during the summer.

Cabooses
Caboose No. 0505 was built in 1886 and is stocked with provisions to provide shelter and food. Currently out of service.

Caboose No. 0540 was built in 1881 and is a mini-warehouse, carrying the most common tools and supplies. It is used by Maintenance of Way.

Caboose No. 0500
Is 17 ft long, and was built in 1886. It was originally known as D&RG No. 1. In 1950 it was sold to Bob Richardson, then again in 1987 to a business in Cripple Creek. In 1993 it was acquired by the D&SNG and was restored to its original condition. It is available for charter and can hold up to eight people. On display in the Museum, out of service.

Rail Camp Car No. 3681
Rail camp car No. 3681 is an ex-D&RGW boxcar. It was rebuilt by the D&SNG in 1984 with a kitchen, a bathroom and beds. It is pulled to Cascade Canyon Wye for elegant camping. It can hold a group of up to eight people. Currently out of service.

Coaches Not in Service

 * Mail baggage car No. 66 was built in 1887. For some years it was the base of operations for the Animas River Railway in Rockwood, Colorado. Car No. 66 served as the office, ticket window, and waiting room for the railway. It was then moved to Hermosa, Colorado as the maintenance of way office.
 * Mail baggage car No. 119 was built in 1882. Sold to private individual in 2020 for eventual restoration.
 * Coach No. 460 is the only narrow-gauge tourist sleeper remaining from a group built in 1886 for the D&RG. In the early 1900s it was assigned to work service and was used on a D&RGW wrecking train as late as 1957. Then it was sold to the Black Hills Central Railroad in South Dakota. Then in 1983, the D&SNG purchased coach No. 460. It has been chosen to be preserved as is and has no plans to enter service.

Museums
The D&SNG operates two museums, the D&SNG Museum and the Silverton Freight Yard Museum. They both feature historic railway equipment used on the D&RGW line.

D&SNG Museum
Opened in 1998, the D&SNG Museum is a tribute to railroading nationally and southwest Colorado. The museum is located in the Durango roundhouse. Half the roundhouse is used for the steam engines and the other half is for the museum. The museum features memorabilia from the D&RGW and other railroads. It also features many artifacts from the Durango and Silverton areas. There is an HO train layout in the museum. It depicts a narrow-gauge railroad similar to the D&RGW. There is also a movie coach that was used in the filming of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, where the railroad's informational and educational films are featured.

Class 70 Engine No. 42
On display in the Durango and Silverton RR Museum, engine 42 was one of 6 class-70 2-8-0 locomotives built by Baldwin in 1887 for the D&RG. The engine weighs 35 tons and pulls with 17,100 lbs of tractive effort. It was originally numbered 420. In November 1916 the engine was sold to the Rio Grande Southern and was used till the RGS was dismantled in 1952. Engine 42 and a caboose running from Grady, located east of Mancos, Colorado to Durango was the last train movement on the RGS. In 1953 the engine was sold to the Narrow Gauge Motel in Alamosa. In 1958 the 42 was sold to Magic Mountain Amusement Park in Golden, Colorado, where it was converted to burn fuel oil and operated for a short time. In 1968 the Woodmoor Corporation purchased the Magic Mountain property and in 1969 put engine 42 on display in Monument, Colorado, at the entrance to its Woodmoor subdivision. In 1971 engine 42 returned to Golden as a restaurant display at Heritage Square. Finally, in 1983 it was purchased and brought to Durango. It has never been restored to operating condition. It is on display in the museum.

Baggage Car No. 127
Originally built as flat car No. 6630, it was rebuilt in 1968 as a baggage car for the film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. No. 127 was the third concession car built by the D&SNG. It saw limited service and acted as a backup concession car. No. 127 is now used as a movie theater in the museum.

Silverton Freight Yard Museum
The Silverton Freight Yard Museum was opened in 1999 and is located at the Silverton depot and rail yard. On display are outfit cars, some equipped with kitchen facilities and side-dumped gondolas. In the Silverton depot are local artifacts.

Animas River Railway
Beginning May 7, 1988, a new diesel-hydraulic motorcar and trailer railbus began making trips out of Rockwood, Colorado up the Animas canyon. The new company Animas River Railway was incorporated by the D&SNG, as an attempt to preserve the integrity of its own claim of "100% coal-fired steam locomotives". The railbus hauled hikers and fishermen into the canyon from Rockwood. Operations for the Animas River Railway were run out of Rockwood. Former mail baggage car 66 was used as the ticket window, office and waiting room for the railway.

Built in 1987–88 winter, motorcar 1001 was named Tamarron. It could seat 32 people and had a 300 hp six-cylinder Caterpillar engine. It also had a baggage compartment and restroom. The trailer 1002 could seat 48 in longitudinal seats.

The first railbus trip left at 7:30 a.m. on May 7 for Elk Park. There were 12:30 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. trips to Cascade Canyon. The season for the Animas River Railway was supposed to last from May 7 through October 30, but lasted until September 4 due to mechanical problems.
 * 1988 schedule

The railbus was repaired and began operations on May 6, 1989. A 12:01 p.m. trip for Cascade Canyon ran until October 29. From May 27 through September 15 Elk Park trips ran at 7:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m.
 * 1989 schedule

The schedule for the Animas River Railway remained the same. The last excursion of the Animas River Railway was on September 23 from Rockwood to Cascade. Patronage never met expectations and has not operated since.
 * 1990 schedule

During the 2002 Missionary Ridge Fire, the D&SNG voluntarily shut down steam service. To help continue service, motorcar 1001 now RB-1 and trailer 1002 now 313 took people out to Elk Park from Silverton.
 * 2002 schedule

Visiting equipment
Just as narrow-gauge equipment and parts are rare, narrow-gauge railroads are rare these days too. When narrow-gauge pieces of equipment come back to life there are very few places in the United States where they can run. Many of these pieces run during the railroad's annual Railfest held every August. Below are some pieces of narrow-gauge equipment that visit the D&SNG railroad.

D&RGW No. 315
D&RGW No. 315 is a C-18 locomotive, built in 1895 by Baldwin Locomotive Works. It originally was owned by the Florence and Cripple Creek Railroad as No. 3. It was then bought by D&RG and became No. 425 and, after the railroad was reorganized into D&RGW in 1924, it became No. 315. Around 1941, 315 made its way to Durango and became a yard switcher. It worked around Durango until 1949. To save it from being scrapped, it was leased by the City of Durango as a display. When the D&RGW abandoned the line to Durango, 315 was donated to the Chamber of Commerce in 1968. In 1986 it was put on display at Santa Rita Park. Ownership of 315 was changed from the Chamber of Commerce to the City of Durango. It was restored to operating condition from 1998 to 2007 by the Durango Railroad Historical Society with some assistance from the D&SNG. It was first steamed up and moved under its own power after 58 years on August 24, 2007, at the D&SNG roundhouse during a photography event. Since then the DRHS has operated the locomotive occasionally on the D&SNG and on the Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad. Since 2016, No. 315 has been operating on special excursions and charters at the C&TSRR on loan by the DRHS until at least 2025. In October 2021, it was temporarily taken out of service for its Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) federally mandated 1,472-day inspection and overhaul, but later returned to service on March 8, 2023.

E&P No. 4
Eureka and Palisade No. 4 is a Class 8/18 C 4-4-0 locomotive, built in 1875 by Baldwin Locomotive Works. It originally was owned by the Eureka and Palisade Railroad, and was later sold to the Sierra Nevada Wood and Lumber Company. In 1938, it was sold to Warner Bros. and was used in many films. Eventually, the engine went to the Old Vegas amusement park in Henderson, Nevada, where it became badly damaged by a fire. Finally, it was bought by Dan Markoff and restored to operating condition. Dan privately owns the engine, and on occasion brings it to various railroads to operate, including the D&SNG.

Casey Jones
The Casey Jones railbus was built in 1915 out of a Model T and is a debatable predecessor of the Galloping Goose. It was originally designed to be an ambulance servicing the Sunnyside Mine in Eureka, Colorado, and was often used by mine officials to commute to Silverton on the Silverton Northern Railroad. It has room for 11 passengers. The Casey Jones was restored and is owned by the San Juan Historical Society in Silverton Colorado. It has run on the D&SNG just a handful of times in the past during special events. It is on display at the Silverton Northern Engine House in the Summer, where D&RGW No. 315 is also stored when it is not visiting another railroad.

Galloping Goose Railbusses
The Galloping Goose Railbusses are products of the Rio Grande Southern Railroad, a fleet of 7 home made railcars used to haul the US mail and some passengers during the Great Depression. Despite the overall demise of the RGS, 6 of the 7 "Geese" have survived today, and a couple of them have visited the D&SNG a few different times, most notably No. 5. Galloping Goose No. 5 was built with a 1928 Pierce-Arrow limousine body and running gear, and was rebuilt in 1946–47 using a World War II surplus GMC gasoline truck engine and a Wayne Corporation school bus body. In 1950, the freight/mail compartment was converted to carry 20 additional passengers for sightseeing trips. After RGS was scrapped in 1953, Galloping Goose No. 5 came to rest in Dolores, Colorado. Galloping Goose No. 5 was completely restored to operating condition in 1998 by the Galloping Goose Historical Society in Dolores, Colorado.

Southern Pacific No. 18
SP No. 18 is a narrow-gauge 4-6-0 "Ten Wheeler" type locomotive built in 1911 by Baldwin Locomotive Works. It was restored by the Eastern California Museum from 2009 to 2017, with some help from members of the D&S Shop crew. No. 18 later arrived to Durango on lease from the Eastern California Museum in November 2018 and it stayed until October, 2019. During that time, it was used for oil-fired training in preparation for the D&SNG's conversion of their steam locomotives from coal to oil for fuel. On April 8, 2021, it was announced that No. 18 was to return to the D&SNG from April 2021 to October 2021, and on April 11, it departed for Durango, Colorado via truck. In the 2021 summer season the locomotive has been in helper service for the 15-car Silverton Train, doubleheading from Hermosa to Rockwood, and then from Tank Creek all the way to SIlverton. As the D&SNG works to convert more of its locomotives to oil, No. 18 has been a vital resource serving as a helper.

In popular media
The train is the subject of the song The Silverton, by C. W. McCall.

D&RGW

 * 1950, A Ticket to Tomahawk. An early western Technicolor film in which the scenery and machinery were complemented by a brief bit-player appearance by Marilyn Monroe. The film is out of print as of August 2006.
 * 1952, Denver and Rio Grande starring Sterling Hayden
 * 1954, Siege at Red River starring Van Johnson
 * 1955, Run for Cover starring James Cagney. Train scenes shot at the "High Line" above the Animas River Gorge.
 * 1956, Around the World in 80 Days. The cast included Andy Devine, Marlene Dietrich, Buster Keaton, Shirley MacLaine, George Raft, Cesar Romero, Frank Sinatra, and Red Skelton
 * 1957, Night Passage starring James Stewart. Especially interesting is the train traversing the "High Line" above the Animas River Gorge.
 * 1965, The Sons of Katie Elder starring John Wayne and Dean Martin. Opening scenes of the film show D&RGW traveling along the Animas River.
 * 1966, Gunpoint starring Audie Murphy, Denver Pyle, and Joan Staley. Scenes shot on Highline, upper Animas River canyon, and just south of Rockwood near Shalona Lake.
 * 1969, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid starring Paul Newman, Robert Redford, and Katharine Ross. Famous "cliff jump" scene shot near Baker's Bridge on Animas River in upper Hermosa Valley.
 * 1971, Support Your Local Gunfighter starring James Garner, Suzanne Pleshette, and Harry Morgan

D&SNG

 * 1988, The Tracker a made-for-television film starring Kris Kristofferson and distributed by HBO Films
 * 1991, the railroad's own track was featured in a Lexus LS400 commercial.
 * 2006, The Prestige starring Christian Bale. The train shown in the beginning of the film is the D&SNG.


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Category talk:Canberra

Dividing
This category has become rather bloated. I think it needs to be hived off into several sub-categories. So far I have created Education in Canberra, Streets in Canberra and History of Canberra, but am now seeking suggestions for further sub-categories. In particular what should all those memorials come under? Simply Memorials in Canberra? And what, also, of these "(district)" and town centre articles. I'm not exactly sure where they belong.--Cyberjunkie | Talk 15:42, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Canberra


text: Category:Central and Western District, Hong Kong


text: Talk:Christian Laflamme

title: Talk:Christian Laflamme


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Markham District High School

Markham District High School (or MDHS) is a public high school in the city of Markham, Ontario, Canada. It is one of 32 high schools in the York Region District School Board. Until the 2016–17 academic year, it was the only publicly funded school within York Region which had a non-semestered system. In the 2016–17 academic year, the school switched to a semestered system.

History
Markham District High School was the first school in Markham. Secondary school education officially began in Markham, in January, 1858, which was then called Markham Village Grammar School. Prior to 1858, higher education was found in Toronto (Home District Grammar School). Since there was not a school building, quarters were rented in Temperance Hall at Franklin and George Streets, on the site now occupied by the Markham Lawn Bowling Club. After the passage of the Act to Improve the Common and Grammar Schools of the Province of Ontario in 1871 a permanent home was opened at the southeast corner of Joseph Street and Albert Street (today's 55 Albert Street) as the Markham Village High School in 1879. Additions were added in 1892 to provide more space. Markham High School also took students who attended Agincourt Continuation School and wanted to complete their matriculation (grades 11 to 13) from 1915 until 1930, when Agincourt High School was formed.

The year 1952 marked the establishment of the present Markham High School District, which comprises approximately the south-east half of Markham. In April 1953, the then York County School Board began construction of the school building on the southside of Church Street east of Mount Joy Creek began. In September 1954, a modern, three hundred pupil Secondary School was opened. The old site on Albert Street became the new home of the Markham Union Masonic Lodge and converted to commercial space in 2009. In July, 1964, construction was started on a vocational addition, which would make the Markham District High School a fully composite school. This was occupied in September 1965. Two years later more accommodation was needed, and the latest addition was opened in January 1970. This building was used until the end of the 2009–10 school year, after which it was torn down. The enrolment for 1971–72 in this large, well-equipped composite school is approximately eighteen hundred students. In 1971 the school transferred to the York Region Board of Education and York Region District School Board in 1998.

In 2006, the York Region District School Board identified Markham DHS as a candidate replacement school based on building and program renewal requirements. Board staff met with school staff in September 2006 to describe the process to replace Markham DHS. Board staff met with interested members of the community in April 2007 to describe the phasing plan and preliminary Site Plan and the process to replace Markham DHS.

The Board decided to replace Markham DHS with a new school that accommodates 1,400 students. The opening of Bur Oak Secondary School in 2007 was to reduce the number of students served by Markham DHS. The construction of the new school would allow students within the permanent boundary and the existing gifted program continued attendance into the future. The phasing of construction activities for the new school (on the site of the former sports field) also allowed occupancy of the existing building until the new school building was completed. The site plan was approved in the Spring of 2008, and construction began shortly after. In the year 2010, the new school and present building was completed and the old one was torn down and re-purposed as greenspace. The greenspace consists of a walking trail, small garden and picnic tables.

Athletics
The Markham Marauders is the official sports team, best known for football and basketball.

The Markham Marauders are the first team in York Region to win the Metro Bowl. They defeated Birchmount Park 19–0 in the 2009 Metro Bowl. played at the Rogers Centre in Toronto.

During the 1980s, the Marauders were the dominant school in handball, winning several regional and provincial titles.

The Markham Marauders boys curling team has been YRAA champions and OFSAA participants for the past four years. Notably, the 2007–08 team finished 4th out of the 20 teams entered at OFSAA in Peterborough.

In addition, the 1986 Markham Marauders boys curling team were YRAA champions and runner up at OFSAA.

The Markham Marauders girls curling team won the 2013–14 YRAA championships and represented the school at OFSAA in Brampton where they also finished 4th out of the 20 teams entered.

Both of the Markham Marauders curling teams (boys and girls) won the 2015–16 YRAA championships and represented the school at OFSAA in Northbay in March 2016.

The Markham Marauders girls flag football team winning YRAA many years in a row. They won OFSAA in the 2015–2016 school year.

The Markham Marauders junior boys volleyball team won a YRAA championship in 2019.

Classics Department
Markham District High School is one of the 60 schools remaining in Ontario with a classics department. The school offers Latin levels 1 - 3 (equivalent to grades 10 - 12) as well as the grade 12 'Classical Civilization' course. Until the 2010–11 academic year the school also offered Ancient Greek from levels 1 - 3 but dropped it due to lack of interest. Markham's Classics Contingent is one of the most successful at the Ontario Student Classics Conference, and they have a longstanding rivalry there with University of Toronto Schools. In Certamen, Markham maintains a strong level of commitment and dedication, consistently taking the top accolades.

Music program
A number of regularly occurring music ensembles exist at Markham District High School. They include:

 * Grade 9 Band
 * Grade 10 Symphonic Band
 * Grade 11 Wind Symphony
 * Grade 12 Wind Symphony
 * Grade 11/12 Festival Winds
 * Opus One
 * Monday Morning Blues Band
 * Church Street Swing Machine
 * Washington Tour Band
 * International Tour Band
 * Senior Clarinet Quintet
 * Sax ensemble
 * Trombone Choir
 * Coolinets

 * Percussion Ensemble
 * Junior Flute Quartet
 * Senior Flute Quartet
 * Junior Wind Quintets
 * Intermediate Wind Quintet
 * Senior Wind Quintet
 * Jazz Combo
 * Junior Vocal
 * Senior Vocal
 * Resonance
 * Chamber Choir
 * Third Stream
 * Guitar Ensemble
 * Tuba Herd
 * Senior Clarinet Ensemble

Construction
A new school was built over time on two of the school's fields (front fields, leaving one field at the back), and was planned to open for the 2009/2010 academic year, but due to the students wanting the metal shops to remain in the school, plans were delayed. They broke ground in early November 2008, and opened the school in time for the 2010/2011 academic year. Currently, the projected number of people for that year is to be 1650, a drop of about 450 students from the 2006/2007 year. This will occur as a result of another high school's (Bur Oak Secondary School) territory overlapping with Markham District's current boundaries. The school fields are now located to the rear of the old school site.

Feeder schools
The students attending the Gifted Program in elementary school living east of McCowan Road will go to Markham District to continue their gifted education.
 * William Berczy Public School (gifted program only)
 * Parkland Public School (gifted program only)
 * Donald Cousens Public School (gifted program only)
 * David Suzuki Public School
 * Parkview Public School
 * Boxwood Public School
 * Legacy Public School
 * E.T Crowle Public School
 * Reesor Park Public School
 * William Armstrong Public School
 * Franklin Street Public School

School Boundaries
Markham District High School is the 'home' secondary school for people within the following area. Students within the English public system in the following zone would go to Markham District unless they are enrolled in a special program or special circumstances apply. The boundaries are the City of Markham within the following zone:
 * Commencing at the intersection of 16th Avenue and Robinson Creek
 * Easterly on said avenue till Ninth Line.
 * Southerly along said line till Highway 7.
 * Easterly along said highway till the city's eastern boundary at York-Durham Line.
 * Southerly along said line till the city's southern boundary at Steeles Avenue East.
 * Westerly along said avenue till Ninth Line.
 * Northerly along said line till the CN Rail Tracks
 * North-westerly along said tracks till Markham Road.
 * Northerly along said road till Highway 407
 * Easterly along said highway till Rouge River
 * Easterly, Northerly, and Westerly along said river till Main Street Markham South
 * Northerly along said street till Highway 7.
 * Westerly along said Highway till Robinson Creek.
 * Generally northerly along said creek till the point of commencement.

Clubs
The school hosts approximately 44 clubs, some of which are activist-based (for example, Amnesty International). MDHS is known for its music program, which participates in various music festivals, competitions and other events. MDHS offers a three-year Latin program and supports a Classics Club. MDHS also offers the AP (Advanced Placement) Biology and Calculus AB courses and the Core Gifted program. MDHS also has several other clubs such as the Architecture, Design, and Engineering Club, DECA, Computer Programming Club, and Eco-Markham.

MDHS participates in the following annual events:
 * Annual Earth Hour Assembly organized by EcoMarkham
 * Grade 9 Welcome Day
 * Black History Month
 * Battle of the Bands
 * "Cabaret" music night
 * Canadian Computing Competition
 * Mosaic Mix Cultural Show
 * Heart and Stroke Foundation Campaign
 * Canadian Cancer Society Cure for Cancer Campaign
 * Certamen
 * Ontario Student Classics Conference
 * Free The Children Holiday Run
 * Markham Bowl Annual football game between Markham District High School and Brother André Catholic High School.

School bus
As per the criteria of Student Transportation Service (joint school bus service for YRDSB and YCDSB), students from grade 9–12 in the YRDSB are eligible for school bus transportation if they are: and
 * 1. Living more than 3.2 km from the school (measured along safe walkways)
 * 2. Living in a non-transit served area. (A transit served area means that a person can get to and from school using the YRT/Viva in less than an hour, needs to walk no more than 1 km to/from the stop, and needs to take a maximum of 3 busses each way).

Students in a special needs program (excluding gifted), are exempt from the policy and receive it based on special criteria.

Public transit
Routes for the 2015–16 school year

There are a number of routes which serve the school, partially because of its Gifted and AP programs, partially due to its proximity to the Markham-Stouffville Hospital bus terminal.

Some York Region Transit (YRT) routes stop at or near the school:
 * Route 1 – Highway 7. Eastbound to Copper Creek Drive via Markham-Stouffville Hospital. Westbound to Richmond Hill Centre Terminal.
 * Route 41 – Markham Local Westbound to Markville mall. EB buses not available near school due to loop shape of route
 * Route 102D – Markham Road (operated by the Toronto Transit Commission) Northbound to Major Mackenzie Drive East. Southbound to Warden station (Subway)
 * Route 522 – Markham Community Bus

No routes divert to/from the school at the beginning and/or end of the school day

However, there are three high school specials for Markham district. The first special is generally for those in the gifted program. They are also used by those in grades 11 and 12 who are done with the gifted program and are continuing at MDHS. It is also used by grade 12 students in the AP program who happen to live near the route. Route 410 serve those whose home schools are Markville Secondary School or Unionville High School. It also serves those in the school boundaries near Reesor Park Public School and E.T. Crowle Public School.

The 2nd special, route 411, was created to serve those living in the school boundaries near Boxwood Public School, Legacy public School and Copper Glen Public School as well as the gifted/AP students whose home school is Middlefield Collegiate Institute.

The 3rd special, route 406, introduced in the 2015–16 academic year, also serves gifted & AP students. It serves the area where the home school is Bill Hogarth Secondary School

Effective July 1, 2015, YRT fares are $4.00 in cash for a two-hour pass. Ten student tickets (valid for 2 hours) are $26.00 and a monthly pass is $102.00

Notable alumni

 * Clarence Chant (1865-1956), astronomer and co-founder of David Dunlap Observatory
 * Karl Brooks Heisey (1895-1937), mining engineer and executive
 * Frank Scarpitti (1960- ), mayor of Markham
 * Steve Thomas (1963- ), NHL ice-hockey player and assistant coach of Tampa Bay Lightning
 * Brad May (1971- ), NHL ice-hockey player
 * Sean Morley a.k.a. Val Venis (1971- ), WWE wrestler
 * Tammy Sutton-Brown (1978- ), WNBA basketball player
 * Geoff Keighley (1979- ), video-game journalist
 * Mike Tuck (1983- ), Pro basketball player
 * Shamawd Chambers (1989- ), CFL football player
 * Cameron Gaunce (1990- ), NHL ice-hockey player
 * Matt Coates (1991- ), CFL football player
 * Jeff Skinner (1992- ), NHL ice-hockey player
 * Tremaine Harris (1992- ), 2012 Olympic sprinter
 * Brendan Gaunce (1994- ), NHL ice-hockey player
 * Jason "Human Kebab" Parsons, disc jockey
 * Celine Song, Academy Award-nominated director and playwright

title: Markham District High School


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Corgémont

Corgémont is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking part of the canton in the Jura mountains.

History
Corgémont was first mentioned in 1178 as Coriamont. In 1179 Pope Alexander III confirmed the rights of the Abbey of Moutier-Grandval to their property in Corgémont. From the 12th to 15th century much of the village was owned by the noble family de Corgémont (also known as de Chalmé), who had received the property from the Prince-Bishop of Basel. Later this property was transferred to the Family d'Asuel. Corgémont belonged to the Barony of Erguel which was under the Prince-Bishops. In 1530 Biel introduced the Reformation to Corgémont.

Geography
Corgémont has an area of. Of this area, 9.88 km2 or 55.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 6.64 km2 or 37.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.1 km2 or 6.2% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.03 km2 or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and 0.00 km2 or 0.0% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.2%. Out of the forested land, 31.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 5.8% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 12.0% is used for growing crops and 18.6% is pastures and 25.0% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules a Guidon Argent.

Demographics
Corgémont has a population of. , 11.4% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of 1.6%. Migration accounted for 2.5%, while births and deaths accounted for -0.7%.

Most of the population speaks French (1,157 or 77.5%) as their first language, German is the second most common (241 or 16.1%) and Italian is the third (50 or 3.3%). There are 3 people who speak Romansh.

, the population was 49.8% male and 50.2% female. The population was made up of 676 Swiss men (43.7% of the population) and 95 (6.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 696 Swiss women (45.0%) and 81 (5.2%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 446 or about 29.9% were born in Corgémont and lived there in 2000. There were 577 or 38.6% who were born in the same canton, while 239 or 16.0% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 184 or 12.3% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 23.2% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 57.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.1%.

, there were 567 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 768 married individuals, 83 widows or widowers and 75 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 141 households that consist of only one person and 38 households with five or more people. , a total of 585 apartments (84.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 70 apartments (10.1%) were seasonally occupied and 39 apartments (5.6%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0.6 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 1.6%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Heritage sites of national significance
The Bibliothèque De La Conférence Mennonite Suisse is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 35.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (22%), the Green Party (11.5%) and the FDP.The Liberals (10.5%). In the federal election, a total of 470 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 42.8%.

Economy
, Corgémont had an unemployment rate of 2.64%. , there were a total of 579 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 84 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 28 businesses involved in this sector. 212 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 26 businesses in this sector. 283 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 44 businesses in this sector. There were 5 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 20.0% of the workforce.

there were a total of 485 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 55, of which 54 were in agriculture and 1 was in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 195 of which 164 or (84.1%) were in manufacturing and 31 (15.9%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 235. In the tertiary sector; 36 or 15.3% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 11 or 4.7% were in the movement and storage of goods, 8 or 3.4% were in a hotel or restaurant, 5 or 2.1% were in the information industry, 6 or 2.6% were technical professionals or scientists, 23 or 9.8% were in education and 34 or 14.5% were in health care.

, there were 210 workers who commuted into the municipality and 454 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.2 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 2.4% of the workforce coming into Corgémont are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 12.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 59.9% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 340 or 22.8% were Roman Catholic, while 798 or 53.4% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 5 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.33% of the population), there were 2 individuals (or about 0.13% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 232 individuals (or about 15.54% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 40 (or about 2.68% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 2 individuals who were Buddhist. 139 (or about 9.31% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 50 individuals (or about 3.35% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Corgémont about 580 or (38.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 126 or (8.4%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 126 who completed tertiary schooling, 63.5% were Swiss men, 25.4% were Swiss women, 7.1% were non-Swiss men and 4.0% were non-Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 331 students attending classes in Corgémont. There were 2 kindergarten classes with a total of 42 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 7.1% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 16.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 6 primary classes and 86 students. Of the primary students, 14.0% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 18.6% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 11 lower secondary classes with a total of 203 students. There were 13.8% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 18.2% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

, there were 135 students in Corgémont who came from another municipality, while 60 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Transportation
The municipality has a railway station, Corgémont. The station is located on the Biel/Bienne–La Chaux-de-Fonds line and has hourly service to Biel/Bienne and La Chaux-de-Fonds.

title: Corgémont


text: User talk:80.126.193.100

title: User talk:80.126.193.100


text:
Sharath Kamal

Achanta Sharath Kamal (born 12 July 1982), known as Sharath Kamal, is an Indian professional table tennis player. He is the first Indian table tennis player ever to become ten time Senior National Champion hence breaking the record of eight-time National Champion Kamlesh Mehta. In 2019 he was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award and in 2022, he was awarded the Khel Ratna Award, India's highest sporting honour.

His ITTF world ranking is 32. He beat Joo Se Hyuk and Chuang Chih-yuan, world no. 8 and 16 respectively in 2015 28th Asian cup at Jaipur. Sharath won the men's singles gold in the 16th Commonwealth table tennis championship held at Kuala Lumpur in 2004. He is a recipient of the Arjuna award for the year 2004. He currently lives in Düsseldorf, Germany. Over the past few years he has been playing in the European league. After stints in Spain and Sweden, he is currently playing in the German Bundesliga for the club Borussia Düsseldorf.

He has won the US Open Table Tennis Men's championships held at Grand Rapids, Michigan in July 2010. During the course of the tournament he went on to defeat the defending champion Thomas Keinath of Slovakia in an epic battle of 7 games to win 4–3. In the same year he won the Egypt Open beating Li Ching of Hong Kong in straight sets 11–7, 11–9, 11–8, 11–4; thus becoming first Indian to win a singles title on the ITTF Pro Tour. He also captained the Indian men's team that won the team title at the same championship by defeating favourites and nine-time champions England.

He also won the gold medal at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, beating crowd favourite Australian William Henzell in the final, apart from helping the Indian team clinch gold in the table tennis team event against Singapore. He teamed up with Subhajit Saha to win the Men's Doubles gold at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in New Delhi. He won three medals in 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, gold in men's team event with Anthony Amalraj, Harmeet Desai, Sathiyan Gnanasekaran & Sanil Shetty silver in men's doubles with Sathiyan Gnanasekaran & bronze in men's singles event.

He represented India in the 2004 Olympics in Athens and is still the top Indian TT player. He also represented the country in the 2006 Asian Games at Qatar.

In the year 2007 he was the first Indian to win the Pyongyang Invitational Tournament held at Pyongyang, North Korea. This was the 21st edition of the tournament which was held in August 2007. His best performance on the world circuit came in the Japan Pro Tour held in June 2007 where he beat World No.19, Lee Jung Woo (South Korea). After this victory he reached his career best ranking of World No. 73 and in January 2011 his ranking was 44. Incidentally, Sharath was also the only Indian Men's Table Tennis player to be selected for the Beijing Olympics in 2008.

In the season 2010–11 he also played in the German major league (Bundesliga) for TSV Gräfelfing and has been one of the best players in the league with wins over top German TT players. He played for SV Werder Bremen in the 2011–12 season. During 2012–13, he played in the Swedish league before returning to Germany in May 2013 to sign for Borussia Düsseldorf. Known as the "Rekordmeisters", Borussia Düsseldorf is one of the best clubs in Europe. Sharath and the team also won the Deutsche Pokal for the year 2013, a prestigious cup tournament in Germany. Currently the team is ranked second in the Bundesliga season 2013–14.

Sharath qualified for the 2016 Rio Olympics after beating Iran's Noshad Alamian in the Asian Olympic qualification. However, he made a first round exit in the men's individual event losing to Adrian Crișan of Romania. He is an alumnus of PSBB Nungambakkam school (class of 2000) and Loyola College, Chennai. He is employed with the Indian Oil Corporation as an officer.

Early life and career
Sharath was introduced to Table Tennis by his father at the age of 4. Sharath's father along with his uncle Muralidhar Rao taught him the technicalities of the game and groomed him to be a professional paddler. Both his father and uncle were state-level players and national-level coaches.

Sharath couldn't handle his mental attitude as he would always want to win rather than accept defeat. The defeat was something that he would often get frustrated at. His father and uncle helped him with mental conditioning. Sharath's uncle had made a strict rule for him to deal with his frustration. He had spent his time practicing table tennis with his uncle before and after school every day. At the age of 16, Sharath Kamal began his professional career and took part in state-level competitions. Sharath Kamal has been in top form since his foray into professional table tennis.

Domestic career
After his success at state meets, Sharath advanced to the national level. He bagged a bronze at 2002 National Games of India in singles and mixed doubles events with Pradeera Thiruvengadam and a silver medal in team event where in the gold medal match against Bengal he lost his match to Sourav Chakraborty 3–2(11–9, 8–11, 6–11, 11–2, 13–11). Sharath Kamal lost in the final of the senior national championships in 2002. In 2003, Sharath became the National Champion for the first time at the National Table Tennis Championships. He again won the nationals in 2004. From 2006 to 2010, Kamal won the senior nationals five times consecutively. In 2007 nationals, Sharath made a clean sweep of 4 golds. He defeated Sourav Chakraborty in singles final. He and Subhajit Saha defeated Sourav Chakraborty and Anirban Nandi in doubles final. He won mixed doubles gold with Poulomi Ghatak by defeating Subhajit Saha and Nandita Saha. In team event his team PSPB defeated RSPB. In 2009, he again won team event and singles gold by defeating Sourav Chakraborty. He also clinched a bronze in doubles event with Subhajit Saha. He again won the singles title in 2010 nationals by defeating Soumyadeep Roy in a 7 games thrilling match. He also won gold in team event.

In 2011, he won the gold in team event. But he lost to Anthony Amalraj in singles final. In 2012, he lost to young Soumyajit Ghosh in finals of 74th senior nationals. But won the team event with PSPB. He lost to Harmeet Desai in semi-finals at 2013–14 nationals. But again managed to win team event. In 2015–16 nationals, he lost to Sathiyan Gnanasekaran in straight games in semi-finals. He defeated Sathiyan in 2018–19 nationals 4–3 to win his ninth national title becoming first player to do and surpassing legendary Kamlesh Mehta's record of 8 titles. He also won team event gold. But Sathiyan got his revenge defeating him in final of 2020–21 nationals. Sharath won his 10th title in 2021–22 nationals by defeating Sathiyan in the singles final. In the match, he was trailing by 3–1 but came back from behind and won the match 4–3(7–11, 12–10, 9–11, 7–11, 12–10, 11–9, 11–6).

2002: Early Breakthrough
The national call-up finally came on the eve of the 2002 Commonwealth Games, where he was selected for a 16-member probables training camp. It was the break Sharath Kamal needed to launch his career at the age of 20. Although he was not selected for main squad the experience at the camp gave him confidence and the exposure to top-level players made him better. Sharath Kamal made it to the final of the senior national championships in 2002 and though he lost, he was soon drafted into the national team.

2003: World Championships Debut
Sharath was selected for 2003 World Table Tennis Championships alongside Chetan Baboor and Sourav Chakraborty. This was his first world championships appearance and his first major tournament. He defeated Tahiti's Sylvain Motahu 11–3, 11–3, 11–4, 11–7 in the first group stage match. This was his first world championships win. He also won men's doubles first round match with Chetan Baboor defeating Santoago Coste and Hector Berrios of Puerto Rico 9–11, 11–7, 11–6, 11–4. But lost mixed doubles first round match with Pradeera Thiruuengadam to Indika Silva and Deepika Rodrigo of Sri Lanka 11–8, 10–12, 8–11, 11–9, 8–11. He then scored a straight-games win over Lithuania's Arturas Orlovas, winning 11–4, 11–4, 13–11, 12–10 to qualify for main draw. He made a promising start against 57th ranked Christophe Legout of France as he won the opening game 11–2. But the Frenchman overcame the early hiccups to take the next four games 11–6, 11–6, 15–13, 11–6 comfortably to win the match 4–1 and end Sharath's campaign.

2004: Olympics, South Asian Games Debut and Commonwealth Championships Gold
Sharath was selected for 2004 World Team Table Tennis Championships. India played in second division of the championship. In the first match against Slovenia he defeated S Ignjatovic 3–2(4–11 12–10 11–9 6–11 11–8) as India opened their account by defeating Slovenia 3–2. India lost their next match against Slovakia. In the next match against Portugal he easily won his match against João Monteiro in straight games 4–0(13–11, 11–7, 11–7) as India comfortably won the match 3–0. He defeated El-sayed Lashin 3–2(10–12, 3–11, 11–8, 15–13, 11–8) and S Diaa by 3–2(7–11, 11–9, 9–11, 11–8, 11–6) as India won the match by same margin against Egypt in last group stage match.

Sharath Kamal was selected to represent India at 2004 South Asian Games. This was his South Asian Games debut. He won the team event gold as India thrashed Pakistan in the gold medal match 3–0. He opened his team's account by defeating Farjad Saif Khan in straight games after that his compatriots Subhajit Saha and Soumyadeep Roy completed the formalities to win the gold medal. He won the mixed doubles gold medal partnering Vishaka Vijay defeating compatriots Roy and Mantu Ghosh in the gold medal match 3–1(8–11, 11–7, 11–9, 11–10) in an all India final. He and Roy reached men's doubles final by defeating Sri Lankan duo Thilina Laknath and Indika Prasad 3–1(11–4, 11–4, 9–11, 11–7) in semi-finals. They defeated compatriots Subhajit Saha and Ranbir Das in an all Indian final. Sharath was denied a fourth gold in singles. He reached singles final by defeating Rajendra Kapali of Nepal and Piyadasa Thilina Laknath of Sri Lanka both in straight games. But lost to compatriot Soumyadeep Roy in the final. He lost the first game 11–9 but came back by winning next two games 11–9,11–7. Roy won the fourth game 11–6 and he won the fifth game 11–9 but Roy came back from behind winning next two games 11–5,11–4 to win the gold medal.

Sharath's first international singles gold medal came at the 2004 Commonwealth Table Tennis Championships where he won men's singles gold. He also won men's team event where his team defeated England 3–1 in the final. He qualified for 2004 Olympics which gave a new high in his career graph. At his Olympics debut he defeated Mohamed Sofiane Boudjadja of Algeria in first round in straight games but bowed out in second round losing to Ko Lai Chak of Hong Kong in straight games.

2005
Kamal competed at 2005 World Table Tennis Championships but lost to top seed and eventual world champion Wang Liqin in first round 4–1 but managed to take the third game 11–9. In the mixed doubles, he and Mamta Prabhu got a walkover from Bode Abiodun and Atisi Owoh of Nigeria in the first round. In the second, they were defeated by the Singaporean pair of Xiao Li Cai and Jia Wei Li.

2006: Commonwealth Games, South Asiad Golds and Asian Games
Sharath made his Commonwealth Games debut at 2006 Commonwealth Games. He was the top seed in singles which gave him a bye to directly round of 32. He swept Jason Sugrue in first round but dropped one game against Andrew Rushton and two games against Cai Xiaoli in next matches but still managed to win. He defeated Segun Toriola in straight games in semi-finals to reach the final. He won the gold medal by defeating William Henzell of Australia in the gold medal match 4–3 in a thrilling 40 minutes match. He became first Indian to win table tennis gold at commonwealth games. He also won the gold the medal in men's team event where his team defeated Singapore in the final 3–2. He lost his first match against Cai Xiaoli which reduced India 0–2 in the gold medal. But team India came back as Subhajit Saha won his match and Sharath won his second match against Yang Zi which levelled things at 2–2. Soumyadeep Roy sealed the match by winning his match against Cai Xiaoli. This was Indian team's first ever commonwealth gold. He partnered Soumyadeep Roy for men's doubles but lost in the quarter-finals to Andrew Baggaley and Andrew Rushton 3–2(8–11,12–10,7–11,11–6 and 4–11).

In December, Sharath made his Asian Games debut at 2006 Asian Games. He was 13th seed, received bye to Round of 32. He beat Đoàn Kiến Quốc of Vietnam 11–6,11–7,13–15,11–5,11–9 in round of 32. In doubles,Sharath bowed out in the pre-quarters losing to Chiang Peng-lung 5–11,5–11,8–11,4–11. He was ousted in round of 32 losing 9–11,9–11,9–11 losing to Vietnamese pair where he paired with Soumyadeep Roy. In the team event, He won two matches and lost two matches. Eventually, his team finished third in the group unable to advance any further.

2007
In the year 2007 he was the first Indian to win the Pyongyang Invitational Tournament held at Pyongyang, North Korea. This was the 21st edition of the tournament which was held in August 2007. His best performance on the world circuit came in the Japan Pro Tour held in June 2007 where he beat World No.19, Lee Jung Woo (South Korea). In the world Championships, Sharath once again had a first round exit like his last appearance losing to seed no. 28 Polish Lucjan Błaszczyk 8–11,6–11,9–11,9–11. In the doubles event, he paired with Soumyadeep Roy and went on to beat Austrian pair of Stefan Fegerl and Werner Schlager 11–4,6–11,9–11,11–9,11–8. This was his first ever match win in world Championships, But lost in the second round to Serbian pair of Aleksandar Karakašević and Slobodan Grujić 12–10,11–5,11–6,11–3. In the mixed doubles event, he paired up with Poulomi Ghatak but lost in the first round to Xu Xin and Guo Yan 9–11,13–11,5–11,4–11 and 6–11.

2008
Sharath qualified for 2008 Olympics. He beat Alfredo Carneros of Spain in first round 4–2. But lost to Chen Weixing of Austria 1–4.

2020: 2nd Career Title
Sharath won the 2020 ITTF Challenger Plus Oman Open men's singles title. He outclassed top seeded Marcos Freitas of Portugal 6–11, 11–8, 12–10, 11–9, 3–11, 17–15 in a 1 hour long final. This was his 1st title in 10 years.

2021: Olympics 3rd Round and Asian Championships Bronzes
In March 2021, Sharath played at WTT Star Contender Doha, where he upset Patrick Franziska in the round of 32. But lost to Dimitrij Ovtcharov in next round in straight games 3–0.

2022
He competed at the 1st ever wtt grand smash, the Singapore Smash 2022. He had a 1st round exit in singles after losing to Anton Källberg whereas in doubles he paired up Sathiyan Gnanasekaran but lost to Lim Jong-hoon and Jang Woo-jin 0–3. He bagged a bronze at WTT Contender Doha 2022. Kamal faced upcoming Chinese Star Yuan Licen in the semi-finals which became a 1 hour long hard fought match which he eventually lost 4–3(5–11,11–8,6–11,11–7,11–5,10–12 and 9–11). On the day of his 40th birthday Kamal defeated Enzo Angles and Vitor Ishiy to qualify for the main draw of WTT Star Contender European Series. He then defeated Lubomir Pistej in straight games in first round but lost to 7th seed and world no.8 Darko Jorgic in straight games in next round.

40-year-old Sharath Kamal won his 4th medal at the [Commonwealth Games] in Birmingham when he defeated Liam Pitchford of England to win Gold in the Men's Singles table tennis category. Also, Sharath Kamal won Silver in Men's Doubles partnering with Sathiyan Gnanasekaran & another Gold in Mixed Doubles category with Sreeja Akula in Birmingham 2022. Earlier he won Gold in Men's Team in this sports meet with Harmeet Desai, Sathiyan Gnanasekaran & Sanil Shetty at.

2023
In July 2023, Sharath Kamal's team Chennai Lions came second in Ultimate Table Tennis season 4. In August 2023, Sharath Kamal ranking dropped to world rank 106, this is the first time since 2007 that Kamal has gone out of top 100 World Rankings.

2024; Flag bearer in París 2024
On 8 July 2024, the Indian Olympic Committee designated to him and the professional badminton player P.V. Sindhu as the flag bearers to the París 2024 Olympic Games.

Club career
After playing for San Sebastian in the Spanish league for a while, he moved to the German Tischtennis-Bundesliga for TSV Gräfelfing in the 2010/2011 season. In March 2011 he played for the Bundesliga club SV Werder Bremen, which he left in 2012 for Italy to join the first division club Siracusa. However, since this dissolved and Sharath Kamal could not join a new club because the change period had expired, he kept fit as a non-club at the Trainingszentrum DTTZ in Düsseldorf. In 2013, Borussia Düsseldorf signed him for a year to replace Christian Süss, who was injured on a long-term basis, and became German champions several times with the team and cup winner. His contract with Düsseldorf was extended until 2017. For the season 2017/18 he moved to TTC Schwalbe Bergneustadt; he returned to Düsseldorf for the season 2018/19. His contract was again extended for 2022/23 season by Borussia Düsseldorf.

Commonwealth Games
13 medals – (7 gold, 3 silver, 3 bronze)

Asian Games
2 medals – (0 gold, 0 silver, 2 bronze)

Awards

 * 2004: Arjun Award
 * 2019: Padma Shri
 * 2022: Khel Ratna Award

title: Sharath Kamal


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Kende

The kende (or kündü) was one of the kings of the dual-monarchy of the early Hungarians along with the gyula or war-chief. The function of the kende is believed to have been a religious one ("sacral prince"). At the time of the Magyar migration to Pannonia, the kende was named Kurszán. Upon Kurszán's death in a raid in approximately 904 CE, the office was taken up by the gyula Árpád, creating a single-head monarchy for Hungary. Though there are some scholars (for example Gyula Kristó) who believe that Árpád was the kende, who later took up the functions of the gyula.

Some scholars have speculated that the early Magyar dual kingship derived from their time as vassals of the Khazars. Indeed, the Khazars were described by Ahmad ibn Fadlan as having an officer titled Kündür which may have been either identical to, a model for, or the forerunner of the office of kende.

House of Kende
Kende also refers to the noble Hungarian House of Kende settled in the eastern region of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy of Kölcse. In 1181, the family received several settlements from the king: Kölcse, Istvándi, Kóród, Csécse, Cseke, Milota, Czégény.

title: Kende