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Black Peruvians

Black Peruvians or Afro-Peruvians are Peruvians of mostly or partially African descent. They mostly descend from enslaved Africans brought to Peru after the arrival of the conquistadors.

Early history
The first Africans arrived, as enslaved people, with the conquerors in 1521, and some, taken by force, with colonists to work, for no payment, in 1525. Between 1529 and 1537, when Francisco Pizarro was granted permits to import 363 Africans to colonial Peru, a large group of Africans were captured in order to provide, by force, labor for public construction, building bridges and road systems. They also fought alongside the conquistadors as soldiers and worked as personal servants and bodyguards. In 1533, enslaved Afro-Peruvians accompanied Spaniards in the conquest of Cuzco.

Two types of African people were forced to Peru. Those born in Africa were commonly referred to as negros bozales ("untamed blacks"), which was also used in a derogatory sense. These slaves could have been directly captured and shipped from west or southwest Africa or transported from the Spanish Indies or other Spanish colonies. Afro-Peruvians previously forced to acculturated to Spanish culture and who spoke Spanish were called negros ladinos ("hispanicized blacks"). Some were mulattos, descendants of Spanish men and African women. People of color performed skilled and unskilled functions that contributed to Hispanic colonization.

In urban areas Afro-Peruvians were cooks, laundresses, maids, handymen, and gardeners. In some cases, they worked in the navy, hospitals, churches and charitable institutions. In 1587, 377 people of African descent worked in the shipyards. The industry included a significant number of blacks working in quarries, kilns and construction projects. There were not enough Spanish workers to build the colony, so blacks essentially kept the economy running. Gradually, Afro-Peruvians were concentrated in specialized fields that drew upon their extensive knowledge and training in skilled artisan work and in agriculture.

In the social hierarchy of the slave stratum, the black artisans had the highest rank due to their skills. They worked as carpenters, tailors, blacksmiths, swordsmiths and silversmiths. This group enjoyed more freedom than their fellows who worked at large haciendas or in private households. Spanish small-business keepers would dispatch a whole team of servant-artisans to do a job independently and then return to their owner. As the prices for artisans rose, black artisans gained better treatment and sometimes took a role of a low-ranking employee. Skilled trades were a major avenue of social progress for the colored population. Due to their high skills, Afro-Peruvians gained prestige among Spanish noblemen. They occupied a relatively low social stratum but had some status related to the natives, and were considered above the emerging class of mestizos (descendants of indigenous people and Spanish colonists).

As the mestizo population grew, the role of Afro-Peruvians as intermediaries between the indigenous residents and the Spaniards lessened. The mestizo population increased through liaisons between Spanish and indigenous Peruvians. The elite Spanish developed a caste system based on racial descent and color, to protect their privileges and their Spanish and mestizo children. In this system, Spaniards were at the top, mestizos in the middle, and Africans and the indigenous populations at the bottom. Mestizos inherited the privilege of helping the Spanish administer the country. As additional immigrants arrived from Spain and settled Peru, the mestizos tried to keep the most lucrative jobs for themselves. In the early colonial period, Afro-Spaniards and Afro-Peruvians frequently worked in the gold mines because of their familiarity with the techniques. Gold mining and smithing were common in parts of western Africa from at least the fourth century. But, after the early colonial period, few Afro-Peruvians would become goldsmiths or silversmiths.

In the end Afro-Peruvians were relegated to heavy labor on sugarcane and rice plantations of the northern coast, or the vineyards and cotton fields of the southern coast. In the countryside they were represented in wet-nursing, housekeeping, domestics, cowboys, animal herding, etc. After Indians became scarce as labor force on haciendas, the people of color gained a title of yanakuna, hitherto assigned only to indigenous servants with full right to own a piece of land and a day to work on it. Afro-Peruvians often exercised agency by using huido (translated as escape, flight) from haciendas and changing masters on their own initiative or joining the cimarrones (armed gangs of runaway slaves that formed small communities in the wilderness and raided travel merchants). The indigenous population were used to work in the silver mines, where they had more expert knowledge than West Africans or Spanish, even in the pre-Columbian eras.

Slave trade
Over the course of the slave trade, approximately 95,000 slaves were brought into Peru, with the last group arriving in 1850. Often slaves were initially transported to Cuba and Hispaniola, from where traders brought them to Panama and the Viceroyalty of Peru. Planters and others also purchased slaves in Cartagena, Colombia or Veracruz, Mexico, at trade fairs, and they returned to Peru with the new slaves imported by the slave ships. As a result of the "New laws" of 1548 and the influence of the denunciation of the abuses against Native Americans by Friar Bartolomé de las Casas, slaves gradually replaced natives at the encomiendas.

Slave owners in Peru developed preferences to have slaves from specific areas of Africa (believed to have certain characteristics); they wanted to have slaves of one area who could communicate with each other. They believed slaves from Guinea, from the Senegal River down to the Slave Coast, were easier to manage and had marketable skills. They already knew how to plant and cultivate rice, train horses, and herd cattle on horseback. The slave owners also preferred slaves from the area stretching from Nigeria to eastern Ghana. The slave owners' third choice was for slaves from Congo, Mozambique, Madagascar, and Angola.

In the 17th century some owners began the process of manumission of people of color. In some cases, slaves were allowed to buy their freedom, and a free Afro-Peruvian social class emerged. Slaves had to pay a high amount to buy their freedom; some were allowed to earn money on the side or, if leased out, keep a portion of their earnings. Others raised loans, and some were granted freedom by their master. Even when free, independent blacks were not considered equal to Spaniards. Free people of color enjoyed equal privileges in certain aspects, for instance, there are records of free Africans buying and selling land as well. Freed blacks engaged in various entrepreneurial activities, of which trade was a significant factor. Some people of African descent became owners of shops. But, the status of a free citizen brought new challenges and conditions that a man of color had to face. A freed person of color needed to have a job, was required to pay the tribute, was called to serve in the militia to defend the state. All were under supervision of the Holy Office.

The Crown raised revenues on the freed black population. A decree that compelled former slaves to hire themselves out to and reside with a Spaniard master was another way to limit freedom of emancipated blacks. While some did stay with Spanish in order to save money, the large majority successfully defied the rule and began building "joint communities" to support each other. A discrimination policy with big and long-term impact was the exclusion of blacks and mulattoes from education. Universities and schools largely run by the Church forbade the non-white population to enroll, under the justification that they were "unworthy of being educated". Wealthy, skilled, capable mulattoes however made their way through the political ladder and achieved occupation of minor official posts.

In 1821, General José de San Martín outlawed the slave trade in Peru.

In 1835, President Felipe Santiago Salaverry signed a decree again legalizing the deportation of slaves through the other Latin American countries. Thus, two years after his death, will be removed from the constitution the principle of "emancipating soil" according to which a slave entering Peru is, de facto, made free.

In 1854, President Ramón Castilla y Marquezado declared slavery abolished.

Today, Afro-Peruvian communities celebrate the landmark decision of Castilla with a popular refrain:

The newly freed citizens typically took the last name of their former owners. For instance, slaves in the service of the Florez family named themselves "Florez" or "Flores".

Despite the gradual emancipation of most black slaves in Peru, slavery continued along the Pacific coast of South America throughout the 19th century, as Peruvian slave traders kidnapped Polynesians, primarily from the Marquesas Islands and Easter Island and forced them to perform physical labour in mines and in the guano industry of Peru and Chile.

Afro-Peruvian music

Afro-Peruvian music has its roots in the communities of black slaves brought to work in the mines along the Peruvian coast. As such, it's a fair way from the Andes, culturally and geographically. However, as it developed, particularly in the 20th century, it drew on Andean, Spanish, and African traditions, while its modern exponents also have affinities with Andean nueva canción. As a result, the hotbed for Afro-Peruvian music are the small coastal towns of Chincha and Cañete, not too far south of Peru's capital, Lima. The music was little known even in Peru until the 1950s, when it was popularized by José Durand, Porfirio Vásquez, Nicomedes Santa Cruz, and Victoria Santa Cruz, whose body of work was taken a step further in the 1970s by the group Perú Negro. At an international level, this form of music has had recent publicity through David Byrne's Luaka Bop music label, with the edition of the compilation by the group Perú Negro and the albums by Susana Baca. There are demonstrations that are still valid, such as the "Danza de Negritos y Las Pallitas" developed at Christmas time in the towns of the central coast of Peru.

Afro-Peruvians today

The Afro-Peruvian population is found mainly in two sectors: north coast (between Lambayeque and Piura); and on the south central coast (especially in Lima, Callao, and in the provinces of Cañete, Chincha, Pisco, and Nazca).

The highest concentration of Afro-Peruvians in the country is found in Yapatera in Morropón (Piura); composed of about 7000 farmers, most of whom are descendants of former African slaves, where a large number of people of "Malagasy" or "Mangache" origin (from Madagascar) stand out. The Province of Morropón is known for its black communities in cities such as the capital city of Morropón, around Chulucanas, in addition to Yapatera, there are Chapica del Carmelo, Salitral, Buenos Aires, La Mantaza, (Hacienda Pabur), San Juan de Mustache and Canchaque. Between the provinces of Ayabaca and Sullana you can also find black communities such as Las Lomas, La Tina (near the border) or Pacaipampa.

When it says "northern valleys" it refers to valleys that are in the yunga. Cities such as the famous colonial city of Zaña in Lambayeque stand out for being the second most important Afro-Peruvian city in northern Peru. Other cities such as: Tumán, Batán Grande, Cayaltí and Capote in the department of Lambayeque are known for hosting a good number of Afro-Peruvian populations.

In the city of Lima, the districts of Cercado, Breña, Surquillo, San Martín de Porres, Barranco, Surco, Chorrillos, Rímac and La Victoria are known for having regular numbers of Afro-Peruvian populations, as well as Callao. The town of Aucallama in the province of Huaral is also known.

The coastal cities of the central and southern regions known for their black populations are Cañete, Chincha, Pisco, Ica and Nazca. Formerly the communities to the south of Lima were known as the peoples with the highest intensity of Afro-Peru, but due to excessive miscegenation between African descendants and Andean migrants, the Afro-Peruvian roots have been lost. Another reason is that many of them also migrated to Lima for better opportunities. However, there are still important settlements known for their traditional presence of Afro-Peruvians: El Carmen and El Guayabo, in the province of Chincha, where Julio "Chocolate" Algendones and the traditional Ballumbrosio family come from; in addition to San Luis, in the province of Cañete, land of Caitro Soto, Coco Linares and Ronaldo Campos.

Further south there are Afro-Peruvian communities in the district of El Ingenio, in the province of Nazca; and the town of Acarí, in the province of Caravelí, in the coastal north of the department of Arequipa.

An interesting fact is that former African slaves came to small valleys of the central high jungle located in Cerro de Pasco and Huánuco. There are still small populations with distant but evidently African features.

Geographical distribution
According to the 2017 Peruvian Census, 828,841 or 3.6% Peruvians identified as "Black", the term used for people of unmixed African descent, while together with the Mulatos and Zambos they would be a total of 9% of the Peruvian population (2,850,000). The departments with the largest percentage of Black people are Tumbes (11.5%), Piura (8.9), and Lambayeque (8.4%). The regions with the lowest percentage of self-identified Black people are Puno (0.0), Huancavelica (0.1), and Cuzco (0.2%).

Government apology
In November 2009, the Peruvian government issued an official apology to Peru's Afro-Peruvian people for centuries of racial injustice; it was the first such apology ever made by the government. It was announced by Women's and Social Development Minister Nidia Vilchez, and initially published in the official newspaper El Peruano. The apology said: "We extend a historical apology to Afro-Peruvian people for the abuse, exclusion and discrimination perpetrated against them since the colonial era until the present." Vilchez said the government hoped its apology would help promote the "true integration of all Peru's multicultural population."

The government acknowledged that some discrimination persists against Afro-Peruvians, who make up 5%–10% of the population. The government's initial statement said, "The government recognizes and regrets that vestiges of racially-motivated harassment are still present, which represent a hindrance to social, economic, labor and educational development of the population at large." Monica Carrillo of the Center for Afro-Peruvian Studies and Promotion indicates that 27% of Afro-Peruvians finish high school and just 2% get higher or technical education. Although Peru is not the first Latin American government to apologize to its population, it is the first to acknowledge present-day discrimination. Although some human rights groups lauded the government's acknowledgment, other experts criticized the apology overall for failing to reference slavery or promise a change in the status quo.

The public ceremony for the apology held on 7 December 2009 in the Great Dining Room of the Government Palace, with the presence of then President Alan García, the Minister of Women and Social Development, Nidia Vilchez, the Afro Peruvian Congress member Martha Moyano, with the former mayor of El Carmen, Hermes Palma-Quiroz, and the founder of the Black Movement Francisco Congo, Paul Colino-Monroy.

In the ceremony, President García said: "We are here together for an unusual act without precedent, to apologize to the Afro Peruvian people but most deeply pardon to the black race, that our voice can be heard in the countries inflicted with the slavery commerce, which tore so many men and women, millions of them, and took them away to the ends of the planet to work in plantations."

Notable Afro-Peruvians

 * Dr. Alfredo Aguilar Cartagena, Medical Director of the Oncology Center of Excellence at Clinica Internacional

 * Enrique Verástegui (1950–2018) awarded author and mathematician.
 * Juan Jose Cabezudo (died 1860), chef
 * Nicomedes Santa Cruz (1925–1992), folklorist, Afro-Peruvian writer and poet
 * Andy Polo
 * Carlos Ascues
 * Carlos Cáceda
 * Damián Ísmodes
 * Pedro Gallese, Goalkeeper for the Orlando City Soccer Club
 * Victoria Santa Cruz (1922–2014), folklorist and director of the Conjunto Nacional de Folclore del Instituto Nacional de Cultura
 * Ronaldo Campos (1927–2001), renowned musician and dancer, founder of the Peru Negro group
 * Eva Ayllón, pop singer, interpreter of folk music and renowned Afro-Peruvian
 * Christian Ramos, footballer for the Peruvian national team
 * Susana Baca, musician; won a Grammy Award for Best Folk Album in 2002; composer, singer and scholar of the rhythms of "Afro" descent in Peru; responsible for recovering almost forgotten harmonies and rhythms of Afro-Peruvian music
 * Caitro Soto, Afro-Peruvian musician and composer
 * Gerónimo Barbadillo, former soccer player, played Italian football in the 1980s
 * Micaela Bastidas Puyucahua, revolutionary and wife of Tupac Amaru II
 * Lucila Campos, singer and member of Perú Negro
 * Arturo "Zambo" Cavero, singer and percussionist
 * Teófilo Cubillas, considered the greatest Peruvian soccer player of all time
 * Pedro Pablo León, Peru's soccer player of the 1970 FIFA World Cup
 * José Gil de Castro, "Mulato Gil de Castro", artist, hero of the Peruvian Revolution as well as renowned soldier in Chilean army
 * Jefferson Farfán, current soccer player for Lokomotiv Moscow
 * Francisco Fierro ("Pancho Fierro"), artist
 * Luisa Fuentes, better known as Lucha Fuentes, volleyball player with the Peruvian national team; won numerous international titles, including five championships and three South American Panamerican Subchampionships; participated in two Olympics (Mexico and Montreal) and six world championships
 * Teresa Izquierdo (1934–2011), chef and restaurant founder
 * Juan Joya, former soccer player of Alianza Lima Peru, Peñarol Uruguay and River Plate Argentina
 * Julio Meléndez, named the greatest Boca Juniors stopper
 * Mauro Mina, former South American light-heavyweight champion boxer
 * María Elena Moyano, civil leader
 * Martha Moyano, congresswoman
 * Manuel Ricardo Palma Soriano, poet, writer, author of Peruvian Traditions
 * St. Martin de Porres, famous Limeño saint, first black saint
 * Lucha Reyes, interpreter, folk singer known for her voice in Peruvian Waltz and participating in boleros in Mexico
 * Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro (1889–1933), president of Peru
 * Rafael Santa Cruz, actor
 * Andres Soto, singer-songwriter
 * Caitro Soto, born Pedro Carlos Soto de la Colina, musician, composer, cajon player
 * Cecilia Tait, former volleyball player; regarded as among the best players of all time in the spike; Congresswoman-elect of the Republic during the 2001–06 legislative period
 * Immortal Technique, aka Felipe Andres Coronel, American rapper and urban activist.
 * Julio César Uribe, former soccer player, idol of Junior de Barranquilla Americas and Mexico. He also played for Italian football in the 1980s
 * Pablo Branda Villanueva (aka Melcochita), salsa singer and comedian
 * Delia Zamudio (born 1943) trade unionist and human rights activist
 * Zena Elías Surco, historian, writer and poet from "El Ingenio" Valley, in Nazca, Ica. Author of "Ica de Ayer y Hoy".
 * Luis Advíncula, footballer born in Chincha, Ica. juice in Boca Juniors, Rayo Vallecano. He is one of the Peruvian soccer players with the most presences.
 * Luis Guadalupe
 * Pedro Aquino, footballer
 * Marcos López
 * Andre Carrillo
 * Julio Landauri
 * Yordy Reyna
 * Renato Tapia
 * Miguel Araujo
 * Miguel Villalta
 * Deyair Reyes
 * Gerald Távara
 * Guillermo La Rosa
 * Jair Céspedes
 * Juan Flores
 * Luis Ramirez
 * Andres Mendoza
 * Damián Ísmodes

title: Black Peruvians


text: Talk:List of buildings in Ottawa

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:List of buildings in Ottawa


text:
Talk:Khowa people

Article's first sentence
I had a little bit of trouble with the first sentence of this article, and I've tried to rephrase it to make the context more clear. Since I don't know anything about the topic, I've left the rephrasing here; please feel free to add it to the article if I got everything correct.

 * The Khowa, also known as the Bugun, are a tribe of indigenous people living in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. They live mainly in the sub-tropical Thrinzo circle in the sub-divisions of Wanghoo, Kaspi, Singchung and Tenga, within the Bichum and Teliga circles of the West Kameng district.

I also noticed the "purple and heckered jackets" -- should this be "checkered"? -- Creidieki 19:54, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Khowa people


text:
Isidore Epstein

Rabbi Ezekiel Isidore Epstein (יחזקא-ל יצחק אפשטיין ;1894-1962) was an Orthodox rabbi and rabbinical scholar in England. He is best known as Editor of the first complete English translation of the Babylonian Talmud, and for his role as Principal of Jews' College, London. He was also the author of numerous scholarly and popular books on Judaism.

Biography
Epstein was born in Kovno, Lithuania on 7 May 1893. His father was David Epstein, a bootmaker and his mother was Malka Epstein. Both parents were Orthodox Jews. The family moved to Paris when he was very young, and in 1903, they moved to London. There, he attended Old Castle Street School, and Raine's Foundation School.

At the age of fifteen, he studied Talmud at Great Garden Street's beit midrash. Due to the quality of his work, he was sent to study at the Pressburg Yeshiva under Rabbi Akiva Sofer. (He had also studied in Paris under Rabbi Zadoc Kahn, chief rabbi of France. ) He received semikhah (ordination) from Rabbi Isaiah Silberstein of Vác, and subsequently from Rabbi Yisrael Chaim Daiches of Leeds, and from Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook, while the latter was based in London during World War I.

He was advised by chief rabbi Joseph Hertz to obtain an academic education. He studied at the University of London, earning a First Class BA Honours degree in Semitic languages, followed by two doctorates, the PhD and the DLit.

He served as rabbi of Middlesbrough Hebrew Congregation (1920-1928), following which he joined the teaching staff of Jews' College, London. In 1945 he was appointed Director of Studies and subsequently Principal. He retired in 1961.

Epstein married twice: he married his first wife Jeanie in Belfast in 1921 and the couple had two children, Rachel and Leon. However, she died in 1924, and Epstein remarried 3 June 1925. With his second wife, Gertrude, Isidore had a third child on 13 April 1926: Samuel Stanley Epstein, who died on 13 March 2018. Rabbi Epstein died on 13 April 1962.

Works
Rabbi Epstein is best known for serving as Editor of the first complete English translation of the Babylonian Talmud, published by the Soncino Press (London, 35 volumes, 1935–1952); see. He recruited many rabbis and scholars for the massive project, personally reviewing all of the work as it was produced, and co-ordinating the many details of notation and transliteration of Hebrew words.

Epstein was also an editor of Joseph H. Hertz' Pentateuch and Haftorahs (1929–1936), and editor of a collection of papers (published 1935) in connection with the eighth centenary of the birth of Maimonides (b. 1135). He was also the author of numerous scholarly and popular books relating to Judaism.

His publications include:
 * 'The Responsa of Rabbi Simon B. Zemah Duran As a Source of the History of the Jews in North Africa' (Oxford University Press, 1930)
 * Ed., 'Moses Maimonides: Anglo-Jewish Papers in Connection with the Eighth Centenary of His Birth' (London, 1935)
 * 'Judaism' (London, The Epworth Press, 1939)
 * 'Social legislation in the Talmud' (Torah Va'Avodah Library, Ideological Series) (Tnuath Torah Va'Avodah, 1943)
 * 'Man and his creator: A guide-book for teachers' (Jewish Educational Publications) (London, Woburn House, 1944)
 * Ed., 'Joseph Herman Hertz, 1872–1946, in Memoriam' (London, Soncino Press, 1947)
 * 'The Jewish Way of Life' (Edward Goldston, 1947)
 * 'The Faith of Judaism: an interpretation for our times' (London, Soncino Press, 1954)
 * 'Step By Step in the Jewish Religion' (London, Soncino Press, 1958)
 * 'Judaism: A Historical Presentation' (Penguin, 1950s, many subsequent editions)
 * 'The faith of Judaism;: An interpretation for our times' (London, Soncino Press, 1960)
 * 'Step by Step in the Jewish Religion' (London, Soncino Press, 1965)

title: Isidore Epstein


text:
User talk:Jaxl/Archive02

Thanks
Thanks for the support on my RfA. I was very pleasantly surprised to see so much support throughout the week. Please do keep an eye on me and my logs, especially while I'm learning the ropes with the new buttons. Thanks again! -Splash 23:42, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

Bmicomp's RfA
Well, my RfA has not quite completed yet, but either way, I'd like to thank you for your vote and your support, regardless of the outcome. -- BMIComp (talk, HOWS MY DRIVING) 18:23, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

My RFA
Thank you very kindly for your support for my nomination. I promise your trust will not be misplaced; I may occasionally be slightly buzzed with power, but never drunk. ;) · Katefan0(scribble) 22:00, September 12, 2005 (UTC)

Android79's RfA
Thank you for your support on my RfA. android 79  22:21, September 12, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks!
Thanks for taking care of the vandalism to my photos page. That anon has it out for me for some reason. BrianSmithson 23:45, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

 * No problem. That vandal was quite a sneaky one... Jaxl | talk 23:52, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

Thanks!
Thanks for your support in my recent RFA! All those extra buttons might not be a big deal, but getting all this positive feedback sure is, please let me know if you have any problems or comments regarding how I use all these shiny new levers and cranks! Rx StrangeLove 00:11, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

Thank you
I often watch #en.wikipedia.vandalism so I can help fix problems when I have time, and every single time I go to fix something I see that you've already done it. good job! and keep up the good work :)
 * --appleboy 02:22, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I appreciate it! Jaxl | talk 02:24, 19 September 2005 (UTC)
 * by the way, your talk link doesn't work there --appleboy 02:38, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I know. Since it's already on my talk page, it's redundant to have it link here again, so it's just disabled automatically. Jaxl | talk 02:40, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

The charter is here. (Relating to Esperanza)
Hello Jaxl, the Charter for Esperanza is up. Take a looksie :) R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 02:50, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

Coipel
Hey. In light of the rewrites to Oliver Coipel, can I convince you to change your vote? DS 19:45, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

Esperanza made less bureaucratic
Hello again, I have (unilatterly) taken away the 'assembly' idea, as per my reasons at that edit summary and per Wikipedia talk:Esperanza/Charter. I have left the admin general, as some leadership is good. Now, all you have to do is be a member to establish consensus, the whole assembly idea is gone. Also, I have added an advisory committee, of four members, with limited power besides watching over the admin general and making sure he doesn't do anything stupid. Please look at the ammended charter, and I would love a comment. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:15, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

The last time I'm spamming you all with Esperanza stuff
Hello Jaxl. As you may or may not know, there have been some troubles with Esperanza. So now, as a last ditch to save the community, please vote at Esperanza/Reform on all neccisary polls. P.S. I'm very sorry for spamming you all with these messages, and this will be the last time. I recommend putting ESP on your watchlist. Cheers and please look at that, let's stop the civil war then. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 02:46, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

 * (I know it's a standard message to all members, but I feel the need to reply) I have placed my votes. I hope Esperanza will become organized and the war ends soon. Jaxl | talk 03:48, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

Your RfA
It is done. Nufy8 23:56, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Thank you so much
Thanks for reverting the vandalism on my userpage. I probably wouldn't have noticed it myself. How did you get there so fast? It was vandalized and reverted within the same minute. ♥purplefeltangel (talk ) ♥ (contribs ) 16:56, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

 * CDVF + Mozilla Firefox + Too much free time = Instant revert! :) Jaxl | talk 17:21, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Journalist's RfA
I want to thank you very much for your vote on my RFA. Greatly apperciated, I owe you one! Jo urna list | huh?

Album disambig
Hi. As long as you're disambiguating "Album", can you point the link on your user page to Album (disambiguation)? Cheers! -- BD2412 talk 13:58, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks! -- BD2412 talk 05:58, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Who's RfA
Thank you for supporting my masters RfA. He appreciates your support and comments and looks forward to better serving Wikipedia the best he can. Of course I will be doing all of the real work. He would have responded to you directly, but he is currently out of town, and wanted to thank you asap. Thanks again. --Who's mop?¿? 20:35, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Hello Spamlist!
Ah, my first ever spam mass produced and mailed to the spamlist. Well first of all let me re-state that we have an irc channel, #wp-esperanza, and its been rather empty, so I'd appreciate it if you come, even if you just idle about. Now, the evil polls have closed, and I left a justification note for running the evil polls. Nothing has really changed, but at least I have somewhat of a consensus. I hope to figure out a way to overturn my power to JCarriker somehow, I'll figure out a way :-) Meanwhile, I've been busy reforming the mediation system where I am the chairman now, er, acting chairman. Enjoy your spam, with extra vikings. R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 00:37, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Congrats!
The Special:Makesysop page is down due to some dev troubles, but your RfA has been removed, meaning it is successful. As soon as the page comes back, youll be an admin, and allow me to be the first to say congratulations. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 05:41, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

RFA
Hi! Your RFA nomination was successful. However a bug in the software is preventing us from setting sysop rights. In other words, you've got the licence but not the keys. More details on the RFA talk page. Thank you for your patience. Regards, =Nichalp   «Talk»=  07:53, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

You're welcome, and congratulations. Nufy8 15:42, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Almost-Admin!
Hey! No problem. I truly believe you'll do well!! Sorry that due to technical difficulties beyond their control you can't drive your new car off the lot—hopefully, it will still have the new car smell though. Patience is a virtue :-). Good luck!  And I look forward to your guidance in the future.  >:  Roby Wayne  Talk •  Hist 16:17, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

RFA
You're welcome. Your edit history is impressive. Dl yo ns 493  Ta lk  16:19, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Congrats on the promotion to admin! I know you'll do good work. Thunderbrand 16:48, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Congrats. Keep up the good work. See ya in the RC patrol. ≈ jossi ≈ 20:12, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

RFA Welcome
You're welcome, and FYI tasks overlaps/crunches your user page ToC's in 800x600... yeah and that glitch is getting kinda annoying. Ah well. - RoyBoy 800 21:43, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Congrats - and no probs with the support from me either. You'll be a fine admin. Grutness...  wha?  23:53, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

You're welcome...use it wisely, well and have fun! I know you will:) --R.D.H. (Ghost In The Machine) 10:49, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

You're a sysop!
Hi,, Congratulations on Becoming a Sysop Hey there. I'm pleased to let you know that, consensus being reached, you are now an administrator! You've volunteered to do housekeeping duties that normal users sadly cannot participate in. Sysops can't do a lot of stuff: They can't delete pages just like that (except patent nonsense like "aojt9085yu8;3ou"), and they can't protect pages in an edit war they are involved in. But they can delete random junk, ban anonymous vandals, delete pages listed on Votes for deletion (provided there's a consensus) for more than one week, protect pages when asked to, and keep the few protected pages that exist on Wikipedia up to date.

Almost anything you can do can be undone, but please take a look at The Administrators' how-to guide and the Administrators' reading list before you get started (although you should have read that during your candidacy ;). Take a look before experimenting with your powers. Also, please add Administrators' noticeboard to your watchlist, as there are always discussions/requests for admins there. If you have any questions drop me a message at My talk page. Have fun! =Nichalp  «Talk»=

vandalism by 61.68.207.204
Hi, User:61.68.207.204 has vandalized 2005 Bali bombings at least 5 times with hate comments. Could you do something about this? Thanks --Vsion 13:58, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Blocked for 24 hours.  Rob e  rt  14:02, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Is this your first blocking call? That is cool! Congrats! --Vsion 14:07, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks! I had to start somewhere. :)  Rob e  rt  14:08, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

The person has done it 6 time, 24 hours is not good enough!!!!!!!!!vcxlor 14:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * If the vandal starts up again after the block expires, then I will extend the block (or, if you cannot get me, tell another administrator that he was previously blocked and should be blocked longer). 24 hours is fine for now.  Rob e  rt  14:14, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Popups tool
Lupin|talk|popups 14:57, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, this looks good!  Rob e  rt  21:58, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Resignation
Hello spam list, look at this. Essjay is the new leader of Esperanza, and I'm interested in seeing how he runs it. I'm busy doing other work... Please comment at that talk page there. I will still probably run the spamlist though. R e  dwolf24  (talk) 22:58, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

My RfA!
My dear Robert, I simply wanted to drop by, now that my RfA is closed to give you a big THANK YOU! for your kind support. I also want to congratulate you on your recent adminship yourself! My thanks to you go as well for your nice words towards my work. I really appreciate them a lot. You'll always have a friend in me. Hugs! Shauri Yes babe?  23:10, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Congrats on becoming admin. Just wanted to point out that the vandal user was warned a final time for vandalizing articles on wikipedia. Now since you reverted his/her edit on the Islam page, the time has come to block him/her. Thanks, a.n.o.n.y.m   t 03:12, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Done.  Rob e  rt  03:15, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Good work. a.n.o.n.y.m   t 03:15, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Thank you!
Thank you, Rob and Journalist! My user page looks much, much better now. I suck making tables, as you may have noticed. I simply had to toss aside my Babel - the bloody thing didn't fit anywhere. I think your enhancements rock - my Page will remain "just like that" for as long as I can foresee... let's hope that means a lot of time! Hugs and nighty to you both, Shauri    smile!  22:38, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * You're quite welcome. :)  Rob e  rt  22:47, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Barnstar
→Jo urna list >>talk<<  23:04, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, Journalist. I moved it to my user page.  Rob e  rt  02:27, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Advisory Committee election deadline set
Our new admin general, Essjay, has set the date for the advisory committee elections, that date being October 7th. By UTC it is October 5th right now. So see WP:ESP/E for voting in two days, and add yourself to the list if you're interested in running. On a personal note, I'm considering running, as I only resigned as admin general because of time. I'm sure I could help out on the advisory committee... Anywho, watchlist that page, and be sure to read the voting method too. Regards, R  e  dwolf24  (talk) 01:09, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Hey there!
Thanks for all your work on Wikipedia. It's very much appreciated - keep up the great work! --216.191.200.1 20:59, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the note. :)  Rob e  rt  21:03, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for your support
Thank you very much for your support on my nomination for adminship. Now that I have been made an admin, I will do my best to live up to the truest you and the community have placed in me. If you ever see my doing something you think is incorrect or questionable, or does not live up to the standards that should be expected of an admin, please let me know. DES (talk) 15:50, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

OwenX's RfA
Thank you for your support on my RfA. Your kind words are well appreciated. Owen× ☎  22:03, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Vandalbot block
Good call. I didn't see all those malicious edits...I wonder if it is necessary to cancel my 15 minute block I put after your indefinite one? --HappyCamper 18:38, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think it makes a difference, does it?  Rob e  rt  18:43, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Now that I think about it, no. I think the first block always takes precedence. (Ah, now I know Jaxl is "Robert", I was wondering who Robert was for a while now...) :-) --HappyCamper 18:51, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I had to use my real name so I could get that "e" for Esperanza in. :-)  Rob e  rt  18:55, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Generic Thank You Message
I figured that you've gotten enough thank you messages above, so just copy and paste whichever one you like best and put my tildes afterwards. See ya around! Karmafist 21:54, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * So many to choose from...  Rob e  rt  22:12, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jaxl/Archive02


text:
User:Kdelaere

Welcome to my page!

Name: Kevin De Laere Occupation: Pilot, B-2 Stealth Bomber, USAF Hobbies: Cattle ranching, jet boat racing

Thanks to all my friends!

title: User:Kdelaere


text:
Windermere Island

Windermere Island is a small island in The Bahamas approximately 5.5 miles (8.9 kilometers) long.

The island is connected to the larger island of Eleuthera by a short bridge that is protected by a guardhouse. The bridge was built by Lord Trefgarne, who was the former owner of the island. The adjoining waters and flats of Savannah Sound are a popular bonefishing location, and Windermere's 5-mile-long beach is protected by a 5-mile-long (8 kilometers) reef that is rich in fish and underwater flora. It is also located in the same bay as Camp Bahamas. There are numerous animals around the island, including sand crabs and whale sharks.

Residents
The island is populated with private homes and holiday rental properties. Diana, Princess of Wales, and Charles III spent their 1981 honeymoon on the island. Famous residents have included: Jacques-Yves Cousteau; the 5th Duke of Abercorn and his late wife Sacha, Duchess of Abercorn; Toni Braxton; India Hicks; and the family of Lyndon B. Johnson.

In April 2008, singer-songwriter Mariah Carey and comedian Nick Cannon were married at Carey’s private residence on the island.

Geography
Windermere Island is adjacent to the larger island of Eleuthera, and the two islands are connected by a bridge. The Windermere island offers white sandy beaches, bright blue waters, and unnaturally planted Arecaceae trees.

The island is approximately 5.5 miles (8.9 kilometers) long and 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometers) wide, with a total area of about 5 square miles (8 km2).

Windermere Island is home to a number of different ecosystems, including pine forests, mangrove swamps, and sand dunes. The island is also surrounded by coral reefs, which provide important habitats for a variety of marine life, and provide countless ecosystem services.

The island's climate is tropical, with warm temperatures year-round and a rainy season from May to October. The vegetation on the island is adapted to these conditions, with species such as coconut palms, sea grapes, and bougainvillea thriving in the warm, humid environment.

title: Windermere Island


text:
Iberia, Ohio

Iberia is a census-designated place in western Washington Township, Morrow County, Ohio, United States. The community is served by the Northmor Local School District which formerly operated Iberia Elementary School in the community. Iberia is near to Galion, and Martel. The ZIP code assigned to Iberia by the United States Postal Service is 43325. The population of Iberia was 431 at the 2020 census. Iberia is northwest of Mount Gilead, the county seat.

Geography
Iberia is located in Central Ohio at the junction of State Route 309 and Morrow County Road 30.

History
Iberia was founded in 1827 and plated in 1832 by Frederick Meyers and Samuel Foster. The community most likely was named after the Iberian Peninsula. On modern maps, the town is located at the junction of State Route 309 and Morrow County Road 30.

Iberia was once the home of Iberia College, later Ohio Central College, a Presbyterian Church affiliated institution of higher learning. The college is most closely aligned with its most notable graduate, Warren G. Harding, the 29th President of the United States. Following the cessation of classes, the records and alumni of Ohio Central College were assumed by Muskingum College of New Concord, Ohio.

Another man affiliated with Iberia College was its first president, the Rev. George A. Gordon, an abolitionist and local Presbyterian minister who refused a presidential pardon granted by Abraham Lincoln. The minister had been convicted for violating the Fugitive Slave Law. He died in 1868 and was buried in Iberia Cemetery. His actions were but a part of the operations of the Underground Railroad, along which Iberia was a significant host to several "stations".

Iberia's greatest period of growth occurred at turn of the 20th Century when the community served as a farm community center. For a short period in the 1920s, the town was located along the "Marion" spur of the Lincoln Highway.

Notable people

 * John "Harry" McNeal, professional baseball player for the Cleveland Bluebirds

title: Iberia, Ohio


text:
Talk:List of tallest buildings in Ottawa–Gatineau

Untitled

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the debate was move. — Nightstallion (?) 11:04, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Earlier discussion

 * It seems to be that this list should be amended to be the National Capital Region's tallest buildings, esp. since the tallest building is on the Gatineau side. When the downtown exists on both sides of the river, and it's one interconnected metropolitan area, it seems silly to have a list that pretends that nothing exists on one side of the river.  Skeezix1000 19:48, 11 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Maybe a page at List of Gatineau's 10 tallest skyscrapers is warrented. -- Earl Andrew - talk 20:08, 11 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure that would help. Gatineau and Ottawa are one urban area, so it seems to me that any list is incomplete unless one deals collectively with both in one list.  It doesn't seem realistic to say Place de Ville is the tallest building when one can see an even taller building standing nearby.  There's a building in Alta Vista on the list, yet the list excludes taller buildings a stone's throw away from Parliament Hill.  If the point is to have a list that reflects political boundaries, then it's fine as it is; but if the point of the article is to have an accurate and realistic list of the tallest buildings in an urban area, then I'd argue that the article should be revised to incorporate the entire metropolitan area. Skeezix1000 21:21, 11 November 2005 (UTC)
 * The page is for Ottawa, not Ottawa-Gatineau. -- Earl Andrew - talk 23:28, 12 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for that - I hadn't noticed. :)  What I'm saying, and maybe I haven't explained it very well, is that it's kind of pointless having an article on the tallest buildings that ignores some of the tallest buildings in the core.  Skeezix1000 16:07, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

Voting

 * Support. Ottawa and Gatineau constitute one urban area, and are within the same Census Metropolitan Area.  Their downtown cores are adjacent to one another, both dominated by the same employer (the federal government), with tens of thousands of commuters going back and forth every day.  Given the close proximity and integration of the downtown cores, it is frankly silly (and misleading) to have a list that ranks certain buildings to be the tallest, when taller buildings are within walking distance and eyesight.  I do not believe that it is sufficient to simply make note of other tall buildings in Gatineau (as the article currently does), or to have a sister-article for tall builings in Gatineau, because either option requires the reader to compare the lists and comments to figure out which building is actually the tallest in the urban area.   If the goal is to have the most accurate information, then the scope of the article should be broadened.  Skeezix1000 13:31, 16 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Support per the mini-essay by Skeezix1000! Our article at Ottawa also seems to also put the two together: "The combined population of Ottawa and Gatineau exceeds one million residents."[1]--Lox (t,c) 16:49, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

10 or more?
In the first sentence: "This is a list of the 10 tallest ..." is mentioned that this list includes only ten buildings but there are more than fifteen buildings listed on the main list. Wabba The I (talk) 14:24, 31 May 2013 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:List of tallest bridges in the world which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 13:19, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

"Tallest ottawa" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Tallest ottawa. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 September 25 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Regards, SONIC  678  16:31, 25 September 2020 (UTC)

Dramatic Change of this article
Why was there such a dramatic change to this article with regards to building heights? I'm not sure its been improved to be more accurate. The one glaring issue is Le Parc is definitely 104m tall but now is nowhere to be found. This calls into question the entire accuracy of the article for me. I've been coming to this article for quite a few years now and I just don't know about it anymore. Gravelcyclist (talk) 13:59, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

 * Further discussion about the updated building heights is here: User talk:Harleyd613 (cc Harleyd613) Consigned (talk) 22:22, 4 June 2024 (UTC)

Header image
Hi Harleyd613, thank you for all of the photos. I find the skyline images at the top of the article too small to give a proper overview of the city when introducing the article; do you have any which give a good view of the skyline when shrunk to a thumbnail? At List of tallest buildings in Calgary there's a single image at the top then some wide skylines further below. Consigned (talk) 22:26, 4 June 2024 (UTC)


text:
Talk:List of bridges in Ottawa

What about the Jock River
There are a couple of important roads that cross the Mighty Jock.

Gatineau
this list should be expanded to cover Ottawa-Gatineau 70.51.10.188 (talk) 11:24, 14 October 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of bridges in Ottawa


text: Talk:List of Ottawa municipal elections

title: Talk:List of Ottawa municipal elections


text:
Bootie Call

"Bootie Call" is a song by English girl group All Saints from their debut album, All Saints (1998). The song was written by group member Shaznay Lewis and its producer Karl Gordon. "Bootie Call" was released on 31 August 1998 by London Records as the fourth single from the album. "Bootie Call" achieved chart success, topping the UK Singles Chart on 6 September 1998 and becoming the group's third consecutive number-one single. Internationally, it charted in the top 10 in Iceland, Ireland, the Netherlands, and on the Eurochart Hot 100.

Music video
A music video was produced to promote the single. It featured All Saints sitting and lying down in an open top car while singing the song. There was also clips of a group of people walking down the street wearing matching outfits, various people being silly with the phone, break dancing in the street and a woman playing golf on top of the phone box.

Track listing
UK CD1

 * 1) "Bootie Call" (single version)
 * 2) "Bootie Call 98" (The Director's Kutt)
 * 3) "Get Down"

UK CD2

 * 1) "Bootie Call" (single version)
 * 2) "Never Ever" (Booker T's vocal mix)
 * 3) "I Know Where It's At"
 * 4) "Bootie Call" (promo video)

UK cassette single

 * 1) "Bootie Call" (single version)
 * 2) "Bootie Call" (Club Asylum Skank vocal mix)

Certifications

 * }

title: Bootie Call


text:
Talk:List of synagogues in Ottawa

External links modified
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 * updated to current list at https://jewishottawa.com/our-community/organizations .... PK T (alk)  00:13, 16 December 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of synagogues in Ottawa


text:
Rosemary Sage

Rosemary Sage is a British professor of education with a focus on communication and special educational needs. She leads the programme for the practitioner doctorate (Ed.D.) at the University of Buckingham.

Since 2008, Sage has taught at the College of Teachers (now The Chartered College of Teaching) and was dean of academic affairs until 2014. She worked at Liverpool Hope University in 2007, where she taught communication in education, and at the University of Leicester, where she was a senior lecturer. She has been a visiting professor at Nara Women's University in Japan and at the University of Havana in Cuba. Sage has been an outside examiner at several universities and has given key speeches at international conferences across the world. She has published 23 books and over 200 articles in international academic journals.

Selected publications

 * The Communication Opportunity Group Scheme (2000)
 * Class talk: Successful Learning through Effective Communication (2000)
 * Helping Able and Less Able Students to Communicate in School (2002)
 * Start Talking and Stop Misbehaving: Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties (2002)
 * Lend us your ears: listening and Learning (2003)
 * Supporting Learning in Primary schools (2003)
 * Silent Children (2004)
 * A World of Difference: Tackling Inclusion in Schools (2004)
 *  The Communication Opportunity Group Scheme: Assessment and Teaching
 * Supporting Language and Communication (2006)
 * Meeting the Needs of Children with Diverse Backgrounds (2010)
 * Education and Change: Education Today (2014)
 * Education and Capitalism: Education Today (2014)

title: Rosemary Sage


text:
Talk:List of people from Ottawa

Changing topic of article
I notice that the article has recently been changed from what it was since 2005 (people from Ottawa or who have lived in Ottawa) to just people who where born in Ottawa. This is quite a change in the scope of the article and I just wanted to check that people where okay with this as it seems quite bold. Canterbury Tail  talk  11:31, 6 April 2010 (UTC)
 * I just noticed that as well. I was going to ask about it here, and then noticed your comment.  So we end up with a situation where people who are widely known to be Ottawans or linked in the public mind with the City, but don't happen to have been born in the city, don't get included (people like Yousuf Karsh -- known the world over as "Karsh of Ottawa" -- and Charlotte Whitton come to mind), but people who were born in Ottawa but lived their lives elsewhere and have very little connection with the city do get included.  Hmmmm.

File:Barbara Ann Scott stag leap 1947.jpg Nominated for Deletion
Please add Canadian Broadcasting Hall of Fame member, Betty Kennedy. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.89.101.72 (talk) 04:09, 23 March 2017 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 20:21, 28 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Randy Robitaille 2012-02-06.jpeg

title: Talk:List of people from Ottawa


text:
Blast valve

A blast valve is used to protect a shelter, such as a fallout shelter or bunker, from the effects of sudden outside air pressure changes. A nuclear weapon creates a shock wave, which may produce sudden pressure changes of more than an atmosphere (about 1 bar) even several kilometres from the detonation point. After the shock wave passes, a sudden negative pressure follows.

If such pressure waves enter a shelter, they will likely do substantial harm to occupants and equipment. A blast valve is placed in air intake/exhaust pipes, that remains open normally, but automatically closes when strong pressure is applied in either direction. Blast dampers operate in the same fashion and are related or identical to blast valves, the former name however is generally used to describe blast mitigation devices, for more conventional explosive events.

A typical blast valve has entries of 15–30 cm diameter, and a larger centre section. Within the centre section is a disk mounted on an axle, with weak springs that keep it centred, away from both entries. Pressure displaces the disk along the axle, until it plugs one entry or the other. After the blast, the springs return the disk to the centre, re-opening the valve.

Another type of blast valve employs rounded metal tubes held in place by springs. As pressure rises it pushes the tubes against the frame of the valve closing the opening. These valves are typically unidirectional in airflow and are employed in large wall structures where large amounts of airflow is required.

One form of blast valve, popularized by the book Nuclear War Survival Skills and tested by ORNL is worn flat rubber tire treads nailed or bolted to frames strong enough to resist the maximum overpressure, with tested closing times cited as being identical to commercial grade blast valves, however the use of this form of blast valve design must also take the risk of the flammable rubber catching fire into consideration.

title: Blast valve


text:
Talk:List of neighbourhoods in Ottawa

HORRIBLE MAP!
Add some streets so we know where one district/hood ends and another starts. All this is is a jumble of colours.

-G —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.67.114.147 (talk) 22:13, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

Suggestion
It would be very helpful, especially for people moving to Ottawa, if the "List of Ottawa neighbourhoods" was turned in to a description of the neighborhoods. See the "Neighborhoods in Boston" page for an example: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_neighborhoods Sarahbv17 (talk) 01:58, 31 December 2007 (UTC)

Golden Triangle
Real estate listing now often specify their neighbourhood as the "golden triangle". This seems to be anything east of Elgin st. and west of the canal. Should this be considered for inclusion in the list? IMO this little section never felt like part of centre town anyway. 206.188.92.24 (talk) 17:54, 30 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I've definitely heard it called that before. It could warrant an article. -- Earl Andrew - talk 19:44, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

towns
Many of these "neighborhoods", such as Marionville, are small towns with nothing around for miles (ie, not in any way a neighborhood). Not sure if there's a way to reflect this in the title or organization. Dan Carkner 18:29, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

There seems to be plenty of information on towns, villages, etc on the page List of communities in the Ottawa area. I suggest that the information from List of communities in the Ottawa area be merged into this article as it compliments what's already here. HeadSnap (talk) 21:01, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

I've merged the old article 'List of communities in the Ottawa Area' with this article and redirected the old article here. This was mostly a copy edit although I did add a few references for population numbers. There are many more population numbers that I haven't grabbed references for yet - they were just copied over. One point about page organization though, the city is now divided into 23 wards - should the same overlapping information be captured in the current 23 ward structure instead? Most names for the areas are historical and boundaries are not easily defined. Example, the old city of Ottawa proper south end - not overly helpful for the uninitiated resident or visitor. I think the information is good and best to have all in one article (obviously) but maybe we can arrange it in a better way. It seems a little disjointed at the moment. HeadSnap (talk) 17:55, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

Question
I don't know where else to ask this so I'll ask here: Is Bell St N/Raymond part of Centretown West? -   nathanrdotcom   (Talk • Contribs)  03:05, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

Old Ottawa South
I moved Old Ottawa South to the Central Ottawa section for the following reasons:
 * 1. It is in the parliamentary district of Central Ottawa
 * 2. Sports teams in the area (Brewer Park/Arena) are labeled as Ottawa Centre ie OCMHA (Ottawa Centre Minor Hockey Association)
 * 3. Due to the expansion of the City of Ottawa it is no longer anywhere even close to the south of the city.

Old Ottawa East
Similarly to Old Ottawa South, Old Ottawa East is more central these days. Generally "East" Ottawa is east of the Rideau River. I've moved it to the downtown section. 74.101.157.178 08:46, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

 * FYI the last entry is from Sail.not.swim 22:59, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Missing Centrepointe
The neighbourhood of Centrepointe seems to be missing from this list. I've added it in. Sail.not.swim 23:01, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

 * ech, never mind. its under Nepean. reverted. Sail.not.swim 23:04, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Year
I think it would be nice to include the year that the neighbourhoods were built.Micro2 (talk) 15:59, 17 October 2011 (UTC)

Unreferenced populations
The Populations (old City of Ottawa) section includes 2011 and 2006 populations and area figures that are unreferenced. WP:CANSTYLE indicates, for starters, "Per WP:RS and WP:V, all population figures must be referenced." There are countless other unreferenced populations throughout the balance of the article as well. Per CANSTYLE, if valid sources aren't provided, unreferenced population figures must be removed from this article. As a fan of census, population counts and demography, it would be dissappointing to have to remove all the unreferenced figures. Will anyone step up to provide references from reliable sources to support the section above as well as the countless other figures? Hwy43 (talk) 06:12, 14 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I will, when I get the time. Sorry for not including them to begin with. It's just a matter of referencing the census tract(s) that more or less correspond to the neighbourhood. -- Earl Andrew - talk 13:52, 14 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks for beginning. I've converted the external links to inline citations. As for the other sections with unreferenced population, I've added unreferenced section tags for now. I'll do some research at the StatCan website over the last few censuses to see if any can be validated. Hwy43 (talk) 20:13, 14 October 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:List of neighbourhoods in Ottawa


text:
Talk:Shining Plains

Revert
I reverted to my own modifications (plus removed the now-obsolete FR-template stub). Please consider Geographical index of Toril first as well as Revert for the feeling it provokes (the « I worked hard » thing). External links are peculiar to this page, they are not generic external, they are official documentation on the place. — Reply to David Latapie

title: Talk:Shining Plains


text:
Talk:Beacon Hill, Ottawa

Boundaries
As shown in the Ottawa Neighbourhood map, Beacon Hill is bounded by the Ottawa River, the 174, Blair Road, and a small creek to the east of the city. Does anyone have the name for that creek so that we can write the actual boundries in the article? The creek is Ruisseau Green's Creek. --Sigma 7 07:34, 18 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Because of these actual boundaries, I've removed CSIS from the list of buildings in Beacon Hill - it's just barely on section 36 (Ottawa North East). --Sigma 7 07:58, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

Proposed page move
As per WP:CANSTYLE, this article should be moved to Beacon Hill, Ottawa. In accordance with the guideline, however, the move is first being raised on the talk page. --Skeezix1000 (talk) 13:19, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Beacon Hill, Ottawa


text:
Talk:Blackburn Hamlet

Untitled
Is it useful to note that Blackburn Hamlet is become known in Ottawa due to rising crime rates? Can quote Ottawa citizen articles. -- Barry Zuckerkorn 20:06, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Proposed page move
As per WP:CANSTYLE, this article should be moved to Blackburn Hamlet, Ottawa. In accordance with the guideline, however, the move is first being raised on the talk page. --Skeezix1000 (talk) 13:15, 18 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Discussion at WP:CANTALK.Skeezix1000 (talk) 23:32, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

Page violates copyright regulations
Nearly the entire page appears to have been copied and pasted from the Blackburn Community Association website, which goes against Wikipedia rules on copying text from other sources. Nearly all of what was not directly copied from there have no references. The vast majority of the page looks to be up for deletion, but I'm bringing this up on the talk page first to hear from everyone else.Cepiolot (talk) 13:50, 29 July 2015 (UTC)
 * It's possible that their association site copied from Wikipedia. -- Earl Andrew - talk 17:03, 29 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Indeed, this is my assumption. The text dates back to 2007 and the website's text more closely matches the current text of this article than the text back in 2007. E.g. the community site and the article says "Blackburn is closer to downtown Ottawa than almost all the "new" suburbs, yet offers an old-fashioned country village feeling rarely found in neighbourhoods today." Whereas the text in 2007 said "The Hamlet is closer to downtown Ottawa than almost all the "new" suburbs (only a 10 minute drive), yet offers an old-fashioned country village feeling rarely found in neighbourhoods today." -- Earl Andrew - talk 17:09, 29 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Well, either way, the page does not look like an encyclopedia page, but more of an advertisement. For example, the same line "Blackburn is closer to downtown Ottawa than almost all the "new" suburbs, yet offers an old-fashioned country village feeling rarely found in neighbourhoods today." is almost completely an opinion. Much of the article still needs citing, and if the BCA website really copied from Wikipedia, that brings into question its own verifiability. I still believe the majority of the article needs to be rewritten to exclude opinion and generally clean it up.Cepiolot (talk) 02:47, 9 August 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm going to attempt a page rehaul. I'll do it slowly and try to keep as much information as I can, but in a more formally written way, with more citations. Any input would be helpful.Cepiolot (talk) 01:02, 12 August 2015 (UTC)

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Is the Canadian Federal Conservation Authority a thing?
It's mentioned in this article that Blackburn is surrounded in part by Canadian Federal Conservation Authority lands, however searching it up, there are no results for this authority. Does it just not exist? It's been part of this page for some time but there seems to be no evidence that it exists. Cepiolot (talk) 16:25, 20 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Removing it as I can't find evidence of its existence. If anyone else does feel free to add it back with a reference. Cepiolot (talk) 13:29, 23 July 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Blackburn Hamlet


text:
Talk:Blossom Park

Proposed page move
- move to Blossom Park.

As per WP:CANSTYLE, this article should be moved to Blossom Park, Ottawa. In accordance with the guideline, however, the move is first being raised on the talk page. --Skeezix1000 (talk) 13:14, 18 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Not for this particular location, since it's more than a neighbourhood. -- Earl Andrew - talk 04:25, 22 March 2008 (UTC)
 * That's really just a matter of opinion, and your own personal thoughts on what constitutes a neighbourhood. But in any event, the naming convention is not restricted to neighbourhoods, so I am not sure what the issue is.  Skeezix1000 (talk) 13:19, 22 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Blossom Park, like Orleans, Bells Corners, etc, are different. If someone lives in those communities they're likely to put those communities as their addresses, which is covered in CANSTYLE#Neighbourhoods sort of. It certainly is recognized by StatsCan (probably a better definitive source) as a distinct community. -- Earl Andrew - talk 14:58, 22 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Again, that's just personal and anecdotal opinion about why one bedroom community is perceived to be "different" than another bedroom community. I could claim the opposite (except for Orleans, which is, in fact, a recognized postal address).  The guideline was drafted to avoid such determinations based on WP:OR feelings and opinions.  And Statscan recognizes all type of communities (including my very urban Toronto neighbourhood) -- it doesn't speak whatsoever to community types or distinctiveness, or whether something is thought of as place, province versus place, municipality. Skeezix1000 (talk) 16:52, 22 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Interestingly, there are no other Blossom Parks in Wikipedia (Blossom Park isn't even a redirect). A Google search indicates that the Ottawa neighbourhood is the overwhelmingly most common use of the name (of the first 50 hits, 47 related to the neighbourhood, the other three to roads and a park with that name).  This article should probably be at Blossom Park.Skeezix1000 (talk) 17:37, 22 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't be opposed to moving it to Blossom Park, but Blossom Park, Ottawa is out of the question. I'm not sure what you're talking about vis-a-vis neighbourhoods being in StatsCan's database, because I know mine isn't. We could probably use official provincial maps to settle this dispute. All maps that I've checked show a dot for Blossom Park. -- Earl Andrew - talk 17:59, 22 March 2008 (UTC)
 * The existence of a dot on the map does not define whether a place is considered a city neighbourhood or a distinct community, and neither is being listed in the Statistics Canada census database — every named neighbourhood in existence is going to meet one or both of those criteria. The primary question is whether the place is officially recognized as a mailing address by Canada Post or not. Blossom Park isn't — while some mail might be lucky enough to get through based on the postal code, an envelope addressed to "Blossom Park, Ontario" is officially undeliverable mail. It's not up to an individual person to make their own choices about how to identify their mailing address — Canada Post decides what your mailing address is, not you. Oh, and I do hope you realize that your reliance on map dots as the final authority has occasionally led you to write articles about railway sidings that made it sound as if people actually lived there. Bearcat (talk) 16:19, 25 March 2008 (UTC)
 * It's not up to you to declare anything is "out of the question". My neighbourhood, Riverdale, is in the database, as are others.  Maps would be even less relevant than Statscan.  The question is whether or not the move conforms to the guideline.  Having said that, a non-disambiguated name would be the preferred solution under the guideline, so that would seem to be the solution to this discussion. Skeezix1000 (talk) 18:49, 22 March 2008 (UTC)
 * How so? When every map I've checked (MapArt, Rand McNally, official government maps, etc) show it as a distinct community, I don't see where the argument is. -- Earl Andrew - talk 19:15, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

Did it exist (as a village maybe) before? I can also find it on my maps, but some other neighbourhoods also appear as dots there. --Qyd (talk) 23:11, 22 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Which neighbourhoods? Blossom Park was never incorporated, but I don't see why that matters, it's existed since well before the adjacent Hunt Club area did, meaning it is historically separate, and therefore not a neighbourhood. -- Earl Andrew - talk 23:16, 22 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Nepean, Carleton Heights, Pineglen, Victory Hill,Parkwood Hills, Ottawa South, etc also show up on the same level. As far as I understand, Blossom Park was part of Gloucester before it was amalgamated into Ottawa. It is, however, somehow isolated from Gloucester proper (that's why I asked if it was a separate community at some point), and closer to suburban developments in Ottawa proper. --Qyd (talk) 14:39, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm just repeating myself at this point. Being shown on a map doesn't mean it is deemed somehow to be a "distinct community" -- in fact, any established neighbourhood is a distinct community.  All the map shows is where Blossom Park is located.  And your claim that it's "not a neighbourhood", besides being irrelevant (the guideline doesn't treat communities any differently, whether they are neighbourhoods or not) is just an OR determination that you have come up with yourself.  And it doesn't matter whether it was historically separate or not, again "historically separate" being an opinion.  It has no relevance.  Skeezix1000 (talk) 13:44, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
 * My maps of Ottawa also show all kinds of communities, everything from the Glebe to Sandy Hill.   Skeezix1000 (talk) 13:44, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I was referring to my map of Ontario, not Ottawa. There's a difference. If it's indicated with a dot on a provincial map, it has provincial significance, and having "Ottawa" after it would be silly. -- Earl Andrew - talk 21:56, 25 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm looking at a map of Ontario as well, which again shows a whole whack of communities. In any event, you are attributing way too much to maps, esp. this notion that maps confer provincial significance.  Skeezix1000 (talk) 11:26, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * What's wrong with that? Maps are a great tool, especially when more than one of them agree on it. -- Earl Andrew - talk 11:32, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Maps show location, not provincial significance. And different maps show different things.  Skeezix1000 (talk) 12:32, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Are you suggesting what maps show is not significant? And, I'm referring to different maps showing the same thing. -- Earl Andrew - talk 15:17, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * He's suggesting that what maps show doesn't, in and of itself, define whether Blossom Park is considered a neighbourhood of Ottawa or a distinct settlement of the province. A map is obviously a valid reference for a place's location or for what highways or city roads serve it, but it isn't a valid tool for referencing what the article's title should be. Bearcat (talk) 15:48, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Why not? It's common knowledge provincial maps don't show neighbourhoods. -- Earl Andrew - talk 17:17, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * That's debatable. And, in any event, you have your own unique definition of neighbourhood, and simply because you edited this article a few days ago to remove the word "neighbourhood" does not mean that your own assessment is widely accepted.  Finally, as I have mentioned numerous times above, it doesn't matter whether it is a neighbourhood or not - the guideline is not limited to neighbourhoods.  Skeezix1000 (talk) 17:30, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Why wouldn't it be? -- Earl Andrew - talk 18:00, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

This discussion is going in circles. Since you appear to have raised the same concerns with respect to a number of other articles, there is now a general discussion at WP:CANTALK. Skeezix1000 (talk) 11:48, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Blossom Park


text:
Talk:Burritts Rapids

Coordinate error
The following coordinate fixes are needed for Burritts Rapids, Ontario

Should be 44.9834282, -75.7991492 (Currently 44.816667, -75.798611)

David Taylor

 * ✅ (though not with quite the precision that you've given; see WP:OPCOORD). Thanks for pointing out the error. Deor (talk)18:03, 30 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Burritts Rapids


text:
Talk:Barrhaven

Barrhaven Nick Name
I edited the article to includ a reference to Barrhaven's longstanding nickname 'The Haven'. However it was edited out as 'there was already a part of the article mentioning nickname". Where is this part? I can't find it. I'm going to re-add the reference.

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 72.139.101.137 (talk) 23:39, 7 December 2006 (UTC).

 * You're right, that section was removed at some point, I didn't notice. It used to say later in the article, something like "Barrhaven is also known to some as Barf-haven, Bore-haven,etc.."    However I really don't think you should put your nickname in the first sentence.  Somewhere later on is fine.  I have lived in Ottawa for 6 years and I have never heard anyone call it "The Haven".. Dan Carkner 00:19, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I have heard ""Bar-Ba-Que Haven"", ""Far-Haven"".. cmacd 16:15, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I live in Barrhaven and have not heard any of these nicknames, but that isn't to say they aren't still used... --74.104.224.144 22:32, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

"Jockvale" Neighbourhood - just part of Old Barrhaven?
Is there a reference to the supposed name of "Jockvale" for the new development (Strandherd Meadows) between Cedarview Rd. and Strandherd Dr.? I've done a fair bit of reading about the area and I've not once seen it referred to as Jockvale.

The official city plan for 2020 indicates that the new development will likely be integrated into "Old Barrhaven" by the conversion of most of Cedarview Rd. into park land. http://www.ottawa.ca/city_services/planningzoning/2020/op/vol_2a/area9/1_0_en.shtml The new development falls into the area served by the Barrhaven Community Association, which represents the interests of "Old" Barrhaven. http://www.barrhavencommunity.com/about.htm

Thus, unless there is some reference to the name as "Jockvale", I believe that these new developments are part of "Old Barrhaven". OttawaSteven 03:01, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Since there were no references to "Jockvale" as the name, I updated the page to refer to the new development as an expansion of Old Barrhaven. OttawaSteven 03:17, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

Barrhaven on the Green
As far as I know Barrhaven on the Green was commonly considered part of Old Barrhaven, also if it is added to the list of neighbourhoods the description of Old Barrhaven should be edited to not include this tract of land -Canadian-Bacon 23:27, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

Could someone tellme where I might find information on the history of Ruth E Dickinson Library. I am intrested in anything related to the library.

sevenwonders81 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sevenwonders81 (talk • contribs) 18:23, 9 October 2008 (UTC)

Merge Chapman Mills
Not only is the Chapman Mills article a basic repeat of the Barrhaven article it's also factually incorrect(Old Barrhaven does not comprise only Chapman Mills). Maybe AFD should be considered instead of Merge?. Canadian-Bacon 05:07, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Perhaps - but a redirect would get rid of the errors. Redirects are cheap too. What do you think? --AbsolutDan (talk) 05:12, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Sure, As long as it's fixed up somehow, the article can't remain as is either way Canadian-Bacon 05:15, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Done --AbsolutDan (talk) 05:27, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Fallowfield Station?
Quoting from the "History" section of the article: "Fallowfield Station for the first time provided for quick travel between Barrhaven and downtown Ottawa."

Was there a Fallowfield station before the current incarnation (ie: before the 1990s)? I was under the impression that there was not. Currently, you cannot use VIA Rail to "commute" between Fallowfield and the downtown train station. However, if there was a former Fallowfield Station (say, near the community of Fallowfield, about 10 km westward), perhaps this should be clarified. --Bdsmith 13:52, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

 * They don't just mean the transitway station? It takes about 20-25 minutes to get downtown on the bus from there..Dan Carkner 14:51, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Given the chronological order of the "History" section, the article suggests that there was a Fallowfield Station sometime between 1911 and the 1960s. The Fallowfield bus station is mentioned later in the article.  I was going to just delete this sentence because of the confusion, unless someone knows if there was a Fallowfield train station in this time period. --Bdsmith 00:33, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

Jennifer Teague section
Since the Ardeth Wood case was in an individual case, I have put a much-detailed description of the 2005 case in the Barrhaven article. I haven't put in an individual article to a recent murder (or shooting victim) of a high profile event Anastasia De Sousa (which was later merged with the Dawson College shooting article. If any thinks that an individual article is required, please feel free to follow-up my comment here. However, I think it is better to leave it merged with Barrhaven, as we should not put a trend of putting articles for each murder victim and don't think everybody around the world was informed of the case (unlike maybe the Columbine Caseor a celebrity such as John Lennon or Martin Luther King.--JForget 22:35, 8 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I do think the J.Teague section is getting pretty long.. This is still an article about Barrhaven, I know not much goes on there but I'm not sure if it's encyclopedia-worthy..? Dan Carkner 04:27, 10 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I would agree that the Teague section is very lengthy compared to the rest of the article. I would personally move it to it's own article, but either the article has to be bulked up or the section needs to be toned done in the short term.  Canadian - Bacon  t  c   e 04:48, 10 October 2006 (UTC)
 * It most definitely needs to be either split out or made much more brief (a paragraph).Edgeware 13:35, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

I've removed some geographical passages and merged paragraphs together to make it shorter redundancies were also previously removed as well.--JForget 20:22, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

Removed lengthy description about the murder and investigation and placed a short description and reference to the actual article in the history section where it belongs. Although the murder is tragic, this article should focus on Barrhaven, not on specific incidence. If anyone objects to the removal of the subsection, please refer to any other place based article and you will see that there is no lengthy description about its incidences. See article on Waco, Texas where 73 people died in a highly publicized incident. That reference to the incident was 3 lines long and very slim in detail. --pkorossy 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Cleaning up transportation
Currently the transportation section seems like a mess. I'm not sure if we should keep it as prose or if we should turn it into a list. Does anyone have any ideas regarding it.  Canadian - Bacon  02:55, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I think it could just be replaced by a link to the OC Transpo site...it doesn't seem to add anything new Edgeware 03:06, 16 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I think that we should do maybe a briefer summary than is currently there and then just link to OC transpo.  Canadian - Bacon  03:17, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Proposed page move
As per WP:CANSTYLE, this article should be moved to Barrhaven, Ottawa. In accordance with the guideline, however, the move is first being raised on the talk page. --Skeezix1000 (talk) 13:25, 18 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Discussion at WP:CANTALK.Skeezix1000 (talk) 23:31, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

Half Moon Bay

 * Have they already started construction, the Ottawa E-Map does shows street names but does not seem to be any homes or other buildings completed yet. The area is west of Greenbank Road, east of Highway 416 and south of the Jock River-- JForget 20:04, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

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Owner of railway line
Did CN sell its railway line through Barrhaven to VIA? The signs for railway points on that line look different than CN ones. If a reference can be found to confirm this, the article should be updated appropriately. Eastmain (talk • contribs) 19:54, 24 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Barrhaven


text:
Robert Gordon Sproul

Robert Gordon Sproul (May 22, 1891 – September 10, 1975) was the first system-wide president (1952–1958) of the University of California system, and a president (11th) of the University of California, Berkeley, serving from 1930 to 1952.

Background
Robert Gordon Sproul was born on May 22, 1891, in San Francisco, California, to Robert Sproul of Scotland and Sarah Elizabeth Sproul of New England. He is the elder brother of central banker Allan Sproul, who served as chairman of the New York Federal Reserve. In 1913, he earned a BS in engineering from the University of California at Berkeley, where his classmates included future Supreme Court justice Earl Warren.

Career
In 1913, Sproul started his career briefly as an efficiency engineer in Oakland, California.

In 1914, he began a 44-year track by joining the University of California's business office as a cashier and rose to controller, legislative lobbyist, and by 1925 secretary of the regents and vice president of finance and business affairs.

In June 1929, Sproul was chosen as the eleventh president of the University of California. He immediately took a leave of absence to study other universities. In a 1930 speech, as president-elect he stated: "The glory of a university is obviously the men who constitute its faculty. It cannot be too often repeated that it is men, and nothing but men, who make education. The reason why the University of California occupies the high position it does throughout the academic world is that there has never been a time when its faculty could not boast of men who were finding their way along rough trails, illuminated only by the spark of genius, to the heights of scholarship. Within a few years after the receipt of its charter from the state, there were to be found in the University a goodly number of men whose reputation is even yet undimmed, such men as Daniel Coit Gilman, later president of Johns Hopkins University, Hilgard in agriculture, LeConte in geology, and many others. Nor is the present faculty devoid of men who, in their respective fields, hold high the lamp of learning--Campbell in astronomy, Kofoid in zoology, and G. N. Lewis in chemistry, to pick out a few of the most obvious. In a very real sense, such men are the University of California, and similarly elsewhere, for material development is futile without brains to use and to direct it and personality to irradiate it. Students are getting a gold brick if they go for education to a school where there are no great teachers." He succeeded in maintaining the University of California school system as a Land Grant institution.

In 1936, Sproul added to his roles the job of provost of the University of California at Los Angeles through 1937. He organized the California Club that brought all campuses together. In 1944, he started an annual series of all-University faculty conferences.

During the Great Depression, expansion of facilities stopped. After World War II, he served on the Committee for the Marshall Plan.

In the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, he struggled with student dissent (e.g., over conscriptions) and McCarthy-style accusations from the newspapers controlled by William Randolph Hearst about "communist influence" on campuses. Perhaps the biggest controversy during his presidency came in 1949 over a special non-Communist oath required of faculty by the regents of the University of California, known as the "Year of the Oath." Forty professors who refused to sign were let go; a court restored their jobs in 1956.

Sproul's outstanding contribution during his 28-year administration was the multiple-campus expansion of the University to meet the demands for higher education in widely separated parts of the state while maintaining one institution governed by one board of regents and one president. He also stopped the establishment of separate local colleges in 1931, 1945, and 1953.

California governor Earl Warren asked his former classmate and fellow 1911 member of the University of California Band, Sproul to place his name in nomination for the office of Vice President of the United States at the 1948 Republican National Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Sproul retired in 1958. He became active in the Save the Redwoods League (after being a member since 1921) and in the East Bay Regional Park District and served on the National Park Advisory Board.

Before and during Sproul's presidency, the University of California's bureaucracy was highly centralized in Berkeley, but that was no longer politically viable by the time he retired. After 1900, the skyrocketing population of Southern California meant that Southern Californians were becoming the majority of everything—the state's population, then the state legislature, and then the Board of Regents—and they were fed up with long-distance micromanagement from Berkeley. UC Berkeley Chancellor Clark Kerr succeeded Sproul in 1958 with a clear mandate for change from the southern regents. Oddly, Kerr kept Sproul around as president emeritus and allowed him to sit on the committee which developed the actual plans for decentralizing the university's bureaucracy—that is, for dismantling the empire in Berkeley which Sproul had carefully protected for so many years. Sproul participated in the committee's meetings, but had enough dignity to know when he had been beaten fair and square. He put up no opposition and all committee votes were unanimous.

From Sproul's office as president emeritus, he gave a speech during the 1967 Free Speech Movement at Berkeley, by which he "contributed one of the few notes of humor in an otherwise grim confrontation." When student demonstrators broke into his office and scattered his papers, he told a reporter, "Nonsense. Nobody messed up my office. It always looks that way."

Personal and death
On September 16, 1916, Sproul married Ida Wittschen. They had three children.

Sproul was inspired by predecessor Benjamin Ide Wheeler, who was president when he first began to work for the University of California.

Sproul was a member of Abracadabra (now Delta Chi Abracadabra), the Order of the Golden Bear, and the Bohemian Club - he sponsored Ernest Lawrence's membership in 1932.

He died age 84 on September 10, 1975, at home in Berkeley, California.

Honors, awards
Honorary degrees:
 * 1926: LLD from Occidental College
 * 1930: LLD from University of Southern California
 * 1930: LLD from University of San Francisco
 * 1931: LLD from Pomona College
 * 1932: LLD from University of Oregon
 * 1935: LLD from University of Nebraska
 * 1935: LLD from Yale University
 * 1938: LLD from University of Maine
 * 1938: LittD from Columbia University
 * 1940: LLD from University of New Mexico
 * 1940: LLD from Harvard University
 * 1943: LLD from Mills College
 * 1947: LLD from Princeton University
 * 1949: LLD from Tulane University
 * 1949: LLD from St. Mary's College
 * 1958: LLD from University of California at Berkeley
 * 1958: LHD from the University of California at Los Angeles
 * 1958: LLD from University of British Columbia
 * 1958: LLD from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
 * 1959: LLD from Brigham Young University

Foreign honors:
 * Officier de l'Ordre National de la Legion d'Honneur (France)
 * Knight of the Order of the Iron Crown (Italy)
 * Royal Order of the North Star - Commander Second Class (Sweden)

He was given the Benjamin Ide Wheeler distinguished citizen award by the city of Berkeley, 1933; made an honorary fellow of Stanford University, 1941; and named "Alumnus of the Year" by the California Alumni Association in 1946.

(All honors and awards listed come from the University of California History - Digital Archives. )

Achievements
At his death, the New York Times reported that the University of California owed its pre-eminence in science to Sproul, who transformed the school system from "a merely large institution" to "the biggest in the Western world... sprinkled with Nobel Prize winners." By the time he left office in 1958, the University of California, Berkeley, was a distinguished university recognized worldwide for the excellence of its programs and the University of California had a total of eight campuses from Davis to Los Angeles. Its student population had risen from 19,000 to 45,000 students. Its library had quadrupled to four million volumes. Its state support had risen nine times to $75 million.

Harvard University President James Bryan Conant and Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler said that Sproul was the university president of their time.

The Donahoe Act of 1960, although enacted after his retirement, helped fulfill his vision by integrating all higher education in California.

Buildings
Sproul Hall and Sproul Plaza on the University of California, Berkeley campus, site of numerous political rallies since the 1930s, are named for him.

At the University of California, Los Angeles campus, there are three residence halls named in his recognition: Sproul Hall, Sproul Landing, and Sproul Cove.

Sproul Hall on the University of California, Riverside campus, home to the Department of Economics and the Graduate School of Education, is named for him.

At the University of California, Davis campus, Sproul Hall was once the tallest building in Yolo County.

Research
A research vessel used by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at University of California, San Diego is named the R/V Robert Gordon Sproul.

title: Robert Gordon Sproul


text:
Talk:Cedardale, Ottawa

Proposed page move
- move to Cedardale, Ottawa

As per WP:CANSTYLE, this article should be moved to Cedardale, Ottawa. In accordance with the guideline, however, the move is first being raised on the talk page. --Skeezix1000 (talk) 13:11, 18 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Discussion at WP:CANTALK.Skeezix1000 (talk) 23:32, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cedardale, Ottawa


text: Talk:Carlsbad Springs, Ontario

title: Talk:Carlsbad Springs, Ontario


text:
Talk:Cedarhill Estate

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title: Talk:Cedarhill Estate


text: Talk:Centretown West

title: Talk:Centretown West


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Talk:Centrepointe

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111024193117/http://www.ottawa.ca:80/residents/clientservices/locations_en.html to http://www.ottawa.ca/residents/clientservices/locations_en.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160304142352/http://www.canada.com/ottawa/news/city/story.html?id=f56361ed-baa9-4966-a576-5d5c6283d06b&k=7132&p=1 to http://www.canada.com/ottawa/news/city/story.html?id=f56361ed-baa9-4966-a576-5d5c6283d06b&k=7132&p=1

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:53, 18 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Centrepointe


text:
Talk:Chapel Hill, Ottawa

Proposed page move
As per WP:CANSTYLE, this article should be moved to Chapel Hill, Ottawa. In accordance with the guideline, however, the move is first being raised on the talk page. --Skeezix1000 (talk) 13:11, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

- For what it's worth, this makes sense to me. Let's follow the convention. --Zegoma beach (talk) 13:30, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chapel Hill, Ottawa


text:
Talk:Constance Bay

Proposed page move
As per WP:CANSTYLE, this article should be moved to Constance Bay, Ottawa. In accordance with the guideline, however, the move is first being raised on the talk page. --Skeezix1000 (talk) 13:10, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Constance Bay