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Talk:Victoria University (Australia)

Echuca campus
While much of what was in the article was uncorroberated, that doesn't mean it wasn't true. I'd feel better about it's deletion if someone was proposing even the most fleeting evidence to the contrary.

The 2002 study mentioned *did* exist, but it was never intended to be made public. The uni is indecisive at the highest level. Every year stats are published that show that VU gets a very low number of first preferences.

And as for removing facts like the uni producing the best TAFE students in the country two years in a row, I hope that was just sloppy editing.

The Echuca campus isn't just someone's opinion, it does exist. See http://www.vu.edu.au/Faculties/Arts/Undergraduate_Subjects/AXS2013/ for instance. If you've ever in Echuca, look out for a big VU logo. The St Albans campus started out in a shop too.

matturn 01:55, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

The Echuca campus of VU does exist. There are various mentions of it on the VU website, see: http://www.google.com.au/search?q=echuca+site%3Avu.edu.au

Look at this course: http://www.vu.edu.au/Faculties/Arts/Undergraduate_Subjects/AXS1014/. What campus does it very clearly say it's being taught at?

Look at the list of campuses here: http://w2.vu.edu.au/library/lending/intercampus_copies.htm.

VUSU operates at the Echuca campus: http://vusu.org.au/hm_c_01.htm.

Student Services will tell you how to get there with PT here: http://w2.vu.edu.au/ss/housing/suburb.html

matturn 06:02, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Title
Victoria University isn't "of Technology" anymore, but the article is still at this title. We can't move it to Victoria University, because there's a disambiguation page there. Any suggestions? Ambi 14:08, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Victoria University (Victoria). Lame, but consistent with University of Newcastle (NSW). - Randwicked 13:36, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Hm. What would you think about moving it to Victoria University, Australia (same as University of New England, Australia?) We could then standardise the three of them in that format. Ambi

 * Yeah, that's much neater. There's no duplicate uni names in Oz so it'll work. - Randwicked 13:41, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Done. Now, to make the article not suck... Ambi 13:51, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

 * That's beyond my scope. :( - Randwicked 13:56, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I did have a more detailed article here, but being largely unsourced (and POV in places), most of it was removed. Perhaps a non-sucking article would revert some of that change... matturn 08:06, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

Student numbers
I see the infobox has changed from 44000 undergraduates to 15000. That's a big change, and I'm guessing that the previous figure included non-degree and diploma students. The current figure is only university students, according to the same edit. Perhaps this distinction should be expanded a little in the text. Andrewa 19:22, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

Update
Newport Campus is closing as of the end of 2006. Courses based there are being moved to Sunshine campus, along with some courses from Footscray Nicholson. If someone wants to add or verify this info, they're welcome to. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 203.87.64.140 (talk) 07:36, 5 December 2006 (UTC).

I found a reference to the uni planning to close the campus, and added it, though I think it's presently (2007) still open. matturn 11:15, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

Cleanup
The introduction is way too long, and the 'Making VU a New School of Thought' section reads like an advert. Wongm 15:30, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

 * The problem with links with the following format:
 * The College of Arts is that they don't work. wcrosbie (talk), Melbourne, Australia 14:01, 5 March 2013 (UTC)
 * The links have been updated. wcrosbie (talk), Melbourne, Australia 21:51, 6 March 2013 (UTC)

Introduction should give a more coherent description of the University's organisation, rather than referring to 7 academic colleges, 6 research institutes, and 7 research centres. Arfisk (talk) 03:19, 15 January 2016 (UTC)

Merge discussion

 * Propose that Student Village (Victoria University) be merged here. Itsmejudith (talk) 11:38, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

History
If anyone would like to read about the history of the institution, and the various campuses of it's antecedents, have a look in "View History" for 2010. At this time MCDVU appointed themselves executioner to a large quantity of material with references. They appear to be one of the legions of egocentric vandals that are making Wikipedia worse by the day. It is one thing to move material to a more focused article, but it is another just to delete it. 180.150.113.72 (talk) 03:04, 16 February 2013 (UTC)

Re-rating of article
I've re-rated the article from 'B' to 'C' as the rating dates from exactly seven years ago and relates to a substantially different version of the article. Under the current criteria, the article falls short, especially in terms of diversity of references; I count eleven references now from four different sources, including press releases from the university itself, which make up most of the reference list. There is a fair amount of content, but as per the tagging at the top of the article, the key challenge is expanding the article with referenced and independent information. — Sasuke Sarutobi (talk) 13:28, 1 July 2014 (UTC)

Revision of article and copy edit October 2016
I have removed again some of the lead summary that Aloneinthewild restored following my last edit. I don't see the point in packing the lead summary with detailed information that is repeated elsewhere in the article. (It also contravenes the style manual (" identify the topic with a neutral point of view, but without being too specific."). I can see that it makes sense to mention VU's multiple campuses and other facilities en passant, but I can't see any justification in listing them all in the lead paragraph when they are listed in detail elsewhere.

Equally, I don't see any justification in listing all the countries in which VU has partner institutions when they are listed in detail elsewhere. But then I realized they weren't listed in detail elsewhere - I had inadvertantly deleted them during the copy edit. I still don't think the list belongs in the lead paragraph though and so have put the detailed list further down in the body text

I'm quite content with the rankings box being restored since I've suddenly noticed it on the pages of more and more universities and hadn't before. I have, though, removed the heading that was attached since the ranking is in a right-aligned frame and the heading was left floating around on the left with no content beneath it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by TeekeeyMisha (talk • contribs) 23:04, 4 October 2016 (UTC)

 * Yes, I can agree with your reasoning here. I was just suprised to see the lead shrink from multiple paragraphs to one. Looks ok now Aloneinthewild (talk) 19:04, 9 October 2016 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I'm glad you approve. I have corrected the typo I'd inserted - must have been editing without my specs again!  — Preceding unsigned comment added by TeekeeyMisha (talk • contribs) 20:30, 9 October 2016 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Victoria University (Australia)


text:
WULM

WULM "Radio Maria" 1600 AM (for "Under (Our) Lady's Mantle") is an American non-commercial AM radio station licensed in Springfield, Ohio serving the Springfield and Dayton area with Catholic inspirational programming. It operates at 1600 kHz with a power output of 1,000 watts daytime and with a reduced power of 34 watts nighttime. It is a repeater of KJMJ 580 kHz in Alexandria, Louisiana, the originating English-language station of Radio Maria USA.

History
WULM's history dates back to 1946 when it was founded as commercial daytime station WJEL. At the time of its founding, the station was licensed in nearby Dayton, Ohio. Country music singer Donnie Bowser (Bowshier), a Springfield resident performed frequently on WJEL's live Saturday night program. In 1954, the station was moved to Springfield and was given new call letters: WBLY, which previously had been used by the present-day WIMA in Lima, Ohio.

The BLY in WBLY stood for (Bill) Bailey, (Stan) Lucas and (Bob) Yontz. The Initials of the Three principal owners.

The stations move was nearly coincidental with the move of Springfield station WWSO to Dayton, where it became WAVI (now known as the AM incarnation of WDAO formerly at 107.7 FM). WBLY's studios were first located in the Chamber of Commerce building at the corner of Spring and High streets in the early 1950s then moving to a more modern facility at 1711 West Main Street along with sister WBLY-FM which would later become WAZU (formerly WJEM, the FM sister to the original WJEL.)

The station used the call letters WBLY from 1954 to 2002. It was owned and operated by Champion City Broadcasting which in the mid-1980s moved its studios to the restored (original) city building located downtown along with WAZU-FM prior to being sold off in the 1990s leaving WBLY without an FM. Bob Yontz sold the remaining AM station to son Ronald- hence Champion City Broadcasting became RAY (Ronald A. Yontz) Broadcasting operated by Jerry Staggs as part of a local marketing agreement with WIZE which he briefly owned and moving the WBLY studios to the WIZE site until 2002 when it was sold to Urban Light Ministries, a local non-denominational Christian charity in April 2002 which adopted the WULM call letters in August of that same year. Urban Light's purchase of the station kept it a locally owned and operated community citizen and was intended to help provide operating funds and a medium for the local ministry to reach out to pre-believers and to families in need. WULM remained the last locally owned/operated commercial radio station licensed by the FCC to Springfield still operating with studios and offices in Springfield until May 31, 2008.

John Hall (John Stalder), a longtime Springfield radio broadcast legend, was the first station manager of WULM from 2002 to 2003. After Hall's death in 2004, the on-air studio originally used by WIZE was renovated in 2005 and dedicated in his memory by his longtime friend Bob Pitsch who was station manager from 2003 to 2006. Hall was best known as the longtime morning personality at WIZE and later a personality at WKSW, WLW, WGRR, WBNS and the former WCLR/WZLR "Oldies 95" in addition to doing voice-over work for the former WTJC-TV (now WBDT) and for numerous radio commercials and announcements in the Dayton-Springfield area.

WBLY-FM
Now WDHT (Hot 102.9), WBLY-FM was founded in 1958 and broadcast at 102.9 on the dial. It was a simulcast of WBLY from 1958–1979 and played the same middle of the road format as WBLY. It was also owned by Champion City Broadcasting. In 1979 they changed the call letters to WAZU ("FM-103 The Zoo...From A to Z to You") and stopped simulcasting WBLY and began playing adult contemporary music aimed at the Dayton audience. At that time it was licensed to Springfield and had the same studios as WBLY. In the late 1980s, one of the principal owners died. The heirs had the station appraised and found it to be worth millions of dollars. The station went on the market and was sold to Osborne Communications. From 1988–1995 the station competed fiercely with WTUE-FM but in 1995 it was sold to Great Trails Broadcasting and its call letters were changed to WING and it played classic rock from 1995–2001. It was known as WING-FM and had the same format until 2001 when it was sold to Radio One and changed to its current call sign WDHT and its urban format, "Blazin Hip Hop and R&B". Mainline Broadcasting took over the station in 2007. The WING call letters are still in use (and were in use before WING-FM) by "ESPN Radio 1410".

Past programming
WULM has had many different formats over the years since it started broadcasting. Originally country (as WJEL) when it was founded, when it was sold to a group of local businessmen and the call letters were changed to WBLY for the principals - Bailey, Lucas and Yontz. The station operated at 1600 kHz with 1,000 watts of power from sunrise to sunset. During winter months, WBLY was authorized to operate at 250 watts from 6:00 AM until sunrise. The format was changed to talk in the morning along with music, with its host Smilin' Bob (Bob Yontz) and was a MOR station (Middle of the Road) the rest of the day. Smilin Bob remained a personality on the station through the 1970s and into the early 1990s. He became greatly known all around the valley. He was famous for giving all of his callers a nickname, and he handed out many. WBLY also aired a Sunday morning big band program hosted by Roger Sharp that was the top rated program in its time slot for the Dayton area. Upon Sharp's death in 1989, the Sunday morning program was hosted by Tom Eipper (airname Tom James). In 1981 WBLY changed its format to classic country and switching to oldies in 1987 and the following year it was "sold" to Yontz's son Ron, who operated RAY broadcasting. In 1988 WBLY moved its tower from its former AM-friendly location off West First Street to a more FM-friendly location on Miller Road. The tower move increased WAZU's coverage in the Dayton area, but was detrimental to the AM station. Also in 1988 WBLY (which was a "daytime" station) received authorization to operate 24 hours per day. The authorized power from sunset to sunrise was 30 watts. To celebrate, and in keeping with the format, staff members Dale Grimm and Jim Mosier were on the air for 24 continuous hours, operating from the station's "street studio" on the first floor of the Marketplace on South Fountain Avenue.

WBLY switched the format to a news/sports/talk format in the early 1990s. WBLY did mostly Catholic Central games until WIZE went under and then began airing all teams in Clark County. It was famous for not only having 1 game but in football and basketball it aired one game live and one game on tape delay. It also did Wittenberg football and basketball games along with a show during the week. It also had a high school sports talk show during the week and a popular show on Saturday morning called "Sports Scene". During the tournament it would air all local teams' games, and sometimes there would be so many teams playing that they would go until 2:00 am. They also had great news coverage, and the news director was Darryl Bauer, who is now at WHIO.

In 2002 WBLY was sold to Urban Light Ministries. After they changed the call letters to WULM they continued to have a news/sports/talk format but added more programming including a local morning talk show and a late-morning talk show that talked about the issues in Clark County. After that sports director Marty Bannister continued his "Sports Scene" show that he aired during the week and had done before when it was WBLY. They also added more network programming, including Bill O'Reilley.

Unable to attract new listeners (and advertisers) with a talk format, WULM went to a unique "Rock n' Soul Classics" oldies format. It spotlighted the vintage hits from the first generation of the Top 40 and R&B genres of the 1950s, 60s and early 70s. During this time, its weekend programs along with NASCAR coverage included The Motown Show, Dennis Mitchell's Breakfast With The Beatles, Oldies Coast To Coast, Little Walter's Time Machine, Glenn Sauter's Hits of Yesteryear and Cool Bobby B's Doo Wop Stop. That format ran from the summer of 2003 to the spring of 2006.

On-air personalities included Marco Simmons (who also did high school sports play by play), Dale Grimm (also Sales Manager), Joe Madigan (then a student intern from John Carroll University and its campus FM station WJCU) and Bob Roberts (Bob Pitsch, General Manager). Michelle Phillips (Michelle Smart) worked with a news background as Darryl Bauer's replacement and later as Bob's on-air sidekick, Brad Lovett was sales associate and live remote broadcast personality and Jim Linthicum did freelance voice-over work for the oldies format.

They then switched to "Springfield's Sunshine Station" with a format of "The Fun Hits of the 70s and More" featuring primarily Top 40 hits of the 70s and early 80s, anchored by "The Bubba and Bubbey Morning Show" (Rich Mellott and Brad Lovett.) On-air, traffic, sales and production staff included Linda Mellott, Natalia Mendez, and Bob Blindauer. During this time billings and long term contracts increased, and many on-air promotions and giveaways were done. In October 2006, the morning show and other staffers went on tours of haunted houses all over Southwest and Central Ohio, and gave away tickets to listeners. Winners were able to attend shows featuring the Blue Man Group, Trans Siberian Orchestra, Kenny Loggins, at Nationwide Arena and the Nutter Center, as well as performances of "Beauty and the Beast", "Cats" and a Rat Pack tribute show at Victoria Theatre and the Schuster Center in Downtown Dayton. The fun continued as WULM's format was flipped to Christmas music of all genres in November and December 2006, with staffers and winners having the opportunity to visit the Christmas Story House in Cleveland and the Clifton Mill holiday lights.

1600 WULM (as "Springfield's Community Station" from 2007 to 2008) aired Christian-oriented News/Talk from the USA Radio Network. They carried nearly all of their entire talk programming schedule as well as their news and sports updates.

WULM also produced local sports coverage in the last two decades before being sold to Radio Maria. The station produced a weekly sports program on Saturday mornings, and broadcast area high school sporting games. Marty Bannister, the current sideline football sideline reporter and women's basketball play-by-play for Ohio State, served as sports director of the station from the 90's until about 2005. Scott Leo, the current play-by-play man of the Columbus Clippers, broadcast games with Bannister and others at the station.

WULM also had local programming. One such program was Urban Light Ministries president Rev. Eli Williams' mid-morning (10:00) talk program "Crossing Over" dealing with local people and issues from a Christian and local community perspective. Rev. Williams was also the host of "Urban Light Radio" a contemporary gospel music program which aired on WULM during Sunday morning programming as well on Saturdays on Cedarville University's WCDR and on its "CDR Radio" the chain was sold in 2011 to EMF Broadcasting. It is now WKCD.

Rev. Williams now hosts The Hot Gospel 20, a locally produced online soul gospel music program.

WULM also served the community with Speak Out a locally produced community forum/on air town meeting on Saturday mornings after The Saturday Morning Sports Show.

From 2002 until July 2009, WULM's (and predecessor WBLY's) studios and offices were located on Miracle Mile in Springfield, at the transmitter site and former studios of WIZE which simulcast the programming of WONE in Dayton until the spring of 2011 when WIZE switched to a satellite country music format being fed from iHeart Media's Dayton studios. WULM's transmitter is located on Miller Road off State Route 41 West which is also the transmitting site of WDHT, originally the site of the former WBLY and WAZU, which was the former WBLY-FM, when both stations were owned by Champion City Broadcasting.

Switchover to Radio Maria
According to a Springfield News-Sun story dated March 10, 2008, the station was purchased by Radio Maria, an Italian-based Catholic radio network which owns and operates KJMJ, its originating USA English-language station in Alexandria, Louisiana. The sale and transfer of license of WULM was filed on February 15, 2008 and was later approved on April 16, 2008 by the FCC. The switchover to Radio Maria programming took place at 12 noon Eastern Standard Time on Saturday May 31, 2008. The WULM signal not only reaches the Dayton, Springfield and Miami Valley area, but reaches east towards Columbus, south towards Wilmington and Middletown, north towards Urbana and Bellefontaine and west towards Richmond, Indiana during daylight hours.

An audiostream can also be accessed from its website (and from this article) for its listeners during evening hours (and outside its signal area) when WULM must power down just before local sunset to 34 watts in order to avoid interference with 25,000 watt KRVA a Spanish-language station in the Dallas/Fort Worth market and with urban progressive talker WWRL in New York City also with a 25,000 watt signal.

WULM is simulcast for the Dayton area neighborhoods on FM translator W277AO 103.3 mHz in Enon since the fall of 2015. Previously, this translator rebroadcast WKCD (the former WCDR) airing K-LOVE programming until October 2015 when it switched to Radio Maria programming. Radio Maria programming on WULM is also available through its own World Family mobile app in addition to a similar stream for Fire tablets and smartphones via the Tune In app and the Alexa device.

Originating station KJMJ has been on the air as the US flagship station of Radio Maria since May 2000. Originally, the 580 frequency was home to KALB, sister station to KALB-TV channel 5.

Radio Maria was founded at first with humble beginnings as a small parish operated station in the community of Erba (in the province of Como,) Italy in 1983 before its subsequent international growth in the 1990s which gave birth to the World Family in 1998. Emanuele Ferrario (now deceased) was Radio Maria's founder and its first president. Its international home base is located in Rome with Carlo DiMaggio as its current president.

W277AO's simulcast of Radio Maria programming on WULM also reaches the northern Dayton suburbs of Riverside, Vandalia, Huber Heights, Fairborn, Tipp City, West Milton, Troy and the communities of Park Layne, New Carlisle and portions of Beavercreek in addition to downtown Dayton if one is travelling north of the downtown area on Intestate 75.

Facilities and programming
The Miller Road transmitter site shared with WDHT-FM is still in use. Though WULM along with WHJM licensed in Anna (serving the Upper Miami Valley and greater Lima area) for the most part is a repeater of KJMJ, there are several locally originating programs including "Living With Mary" which airs on Friday afternoons, Francesca Franchina's "From The Tummy To The Heart" and "Francesca and Friends" from The University of Dayton's Marian Library. The Miracle Mile studios were only used for broadcasting the originating network feed from Alexandria's KJMJ from May 2008 until February 2009. Due to satellite reception problems incurred early-on when its receiving dish was re-aligned, a new dish was installed at the Miller Rd. transmitting site in February 2009. In July 2009, Radio Maria and St. Vincent DePaul Society volunteers from the Dayton area moved the WULM studio facilities from the Miracle Mile location to a new studio which is located on the second floor of the Rev. John P. Boyle Memorial Center (the former parish convent also known as The Father Boyle Center) at 920 Lagonda Avenue next to St. Bernard Parish and the adjacent school east of downtown Springfield. The relocated WULM Springfield studio feeds several locally originating programs to originator KJMJ and its repeater network including "Be Your Best" presented by John Wright and "Meet The Author" presented by Ken Huck.

In addition to the Springfield studio at the Father Boyle Center, a Dayton studio with administrative offices opened in the summer of 2011 in the Marianist Center at Mount Saint John at 2235 East Patterson Road near Beavercreek where additional live local programs air. One such program "Crossroads, A Journey To Conversion" is presented by Mark Newman in addition to "Marian Apparitions" presented by Mary Pyper, "Carmelite Conversations" with Mark Danis and "The Catholic Grab Bag" presented by Marianist Father John Fletcher who is the local resident priest director.

In 2013, the Dayton studio moved to the Bergamo Center building at 4400 Shakertown Rd. on the south end of the Mount St. John campus when the former Marianist Center reverted to the Marianist Mission.

The current mailing address for WULM remains as P.O. Box 3339 Dayton, Ohio 45401 where inquiries for station donations and needed local volunteers will be referred to.

WULM listeners can also access the Radio Maria audiostream through the iPhone, BlackBerry, and Android mobile phone devices during the night time hours outside of Clark County and outside its regular daytime signal area. Downloads for the respective mobile device apps are found in the links below and at the Radio Maria USA website.

Radio Maria USA also streams from its own World Family Smartphone app, the Tune In app and the Amazon Alexa device by utilizing the vocal command: "Alexa, Open Radio Maria." ...thus Radio Maria's programming can also be heard throughout the Dayton/Springfield area on the aforementioned apps outside WULM's signal area.

Aside from the WIZE transmitter still located at Miracle Mile, the studio facilities are now vacant.

The WBLY calls are currently used by a low-power FM station in Sycamore, Georgia.

The WJEL calls are currently used by a high school FM station in Indianapolis, Indiana

Video
A brief description and history of The World Family of Radio Maria

A brief video for listeners who want to listen outside of WULM's signal area in Dayton, the Miami Valley and elsewhere

title: WULM


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Big Japan

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. -R. fiend 14:05, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Big Japan
Not notable. CambridgeBayWeather 01:55, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. NN.--Kross 02:03, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Garage-band vanity. And "South California"?!? --Calton | Talk 05:41, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Band vanity. utcursch | talk 11:23, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pure vanity. --WyldStallionRyder 14:09, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete' - Fails WP:Music Qaz  ( talk ) 04:56, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. nn.Rhetoricalwater 22:02, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Nathanael Ferrero

Welcome to Nathanael Ferrero's Wikipedia homepage!

I am a beginner student of classical guitar and also a junior in physics at GVSU. Here you will find mp3's that I recorded, and links to more guitar mp3's and sheet music.

09:09:09 on 09/09/09
One in an series of time and date combinations such that each segment of the date, expressed as YY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS, is the same. This happens each century beginning in the year XX00 and continuing until the year XX12, due to there only being 12 months in the Gregorian Calendar.

9/9/2009 is also the date of a few notable releases and events

title: User:Nathanael Ferrero


text:
Vegetarianism and religion

The practice of vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religious traditions worldwide. These include religions that originated in India, such as Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism. With close to 85% of India's billion-plus population practicing these religions, India remains the country with the highest number of vegetarians in the world.

In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism it is promoted by scriptures and religious authorities but not mandatory. In the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith, vegetarianism is less commonly viewed as a religious obligation, although in all these faiths there are groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds, and many other faiths hold vegetarian and vegan idea among their tenets.

Religions originating in the Indian subcontinent
Jainism institutes an outright ban on meat. The majority of Indians eat meat and only about 30% of India's 1.2 billion population practices lacto-vegetarianism.

Jainism
Vegetarianism in Jainism is based on the principle of nonviolence (ahimsa, literally "non-injuring"). Vegetarianism is considered mandatory for everyone. Jains are either lacto-vegetarians or vegans. No use or consumption of products obtained from dead animals is allowed. Moreover, Jains try to avoid unnecessary injury to plants and sūkṣma jīva (Sanskrit for 'subtle life forms'; minuscule organisms). The goal is to cause as little violence to living things as possible, hence they avoid eating roots, tubers such as potatoes, garlic and anything that involves uprooting (and thus eventually killing) a plant to obtain food.

Every act by which a person directly or indirectly supports killing or injury is seen as violence (hinsa), which creates harmful karma. Ahimsa aims to prevent the accumulation of such karma. Jains consider nonviolence to be the most essential religious duty for everyone (ahinsā paramo dharmaḥ, a statement often inscribed on Jain temples). Their scrupulous and thorough way of applying nonviolence to everyday activities, and especially to food, shapes their entire lives and is the most significant hallmark of Jain identity. Jains do not practice animal sacrifice as they consider all sentient beings to be equal.

Hinduism
Hinduism has a wide variety of practices and beliefs that have changed over time. Only some sects of Hindus observe vegetarianism, an estimated 33% of all Hindus are vegetarians.

Nonviolence
The principle of nonviolence (ahimsa) applied to animals is connected to avoid negative karmic influences which result from violence. The suffering of all beings is believed to arise from craving and desire, conditioned by the karmic effects of both animal and human action. The violence of slaughtering animals for food, and its source in craving, reveal flesh eating as one mode in which humans enslave themselves to suffering. Hinduism holds that such influences affect the person who permits the slaughter of an animal, the person who kills it, the person who cuts it up, the person who sells it, the person who buys it, the person who cooks it, the person who serves it up, and the person who eats it. They must all be considered the slayers of the animal. The question of religious duties towards the animals and of negative karma incurred from violence (himsa) against them is discussed in detail in Hindu scriptures and religious law books.

Hindu scriptures belong or refer to the Vedic period which lasted till about 500 BCE according to the chronological division by modern historians. In the historical Vedic religion, the predecessor of Hinduism, meat-eating was not banned in principle, but was restricted by specific rules. Several highly authoritative scriptures bar violence against domestic animals except in the case of ritual sacrifice. This view is clearly expressed in the Mahabharata (3.199.11–12; 13.115; 13.116.26; 13.148.17), the Bhagavata Purana (11.5.13–14), and the Chandogya Upanishad (8.15.1). For instance, many Hindus point to the Mahabharata's maxim that "Nonviolence is the highest duty and the highest teaching," as advocating a vegetarian diet. The Mahabharata also states that adharma (sin) was born when creatures started to devour one another from want of food and that adharma always destroys every creature " It is also reflected in the Manu Smriti (5.27–44), a traditional Hindu law book (Dharmaśāstra). The Kural, a c. 5th-century-CE secular text of Hindu or Jain origin, insists on moral vegetarianism or veganism. These texts strongly condemn the slaughter of animals and meat eating.

The Mahabharata (12.260; 13.115–116; 14.28) and the Manu Smriti (5.27–55) contain lengthy discussions about the legitimacy of ritual slaughter and subsequent consumption of the meat. In the Mahabharata both meat eaters and vegetarians present various arguments to substantiate their viewpoints. Apart from the debates about domestic animals, there is also a long discourse by a hunter in defence of hunting and meat eating. These texts show that both ritual slaughter and hunting were challenged by advocates of universal non-violence and their acceptability was doubtful and a matter of dispute.

Lingayats are strict vegetarians. Devout Lingayats do not consume beef or meat of any kind including fish.

Modern day
In modern India, the food habits of Hindus vary according to their community or caste and according to regional traditions. Hindu vegetarians usually eschew eggs but consume milk and dairy products, so they are lacto-vegetarians. According to a survey of 2006, vegetarianism is weak in coastal states and strong in landlocked northern and western states and among Brahmins in general, 85% of whom are lacto-vegetarians. In 2018, a study from Economic and Political Weekly showed that as few as one third of upper-caste Indians could be vegetarian.

Many coastal inhabitants are fish eaters. In particular, Bengali Hindus have romanticized fishermen and the consumption of fish through poetry, literature, and music. Hindus who eat meat are encouraged to eat Jhatka meat.

Animal sacrifice in Hinduism
Animal sacrifice in Hinduism (sometimes known as Jhatka Bali) is the ritual killing of an animal in Hinduism. The majority of the sects of Hinduism like Vaishnavas, Shaivas, Smartas, Swaminarayan, Lingayat, Ganapatya, and so forth condemn animal sacrifice and consider it a sin. Only Shakta tradition has a custom of animal sacrifice. The ritual sacrifice normally forms part of a festival to honour a Hindu god. For example, in Nepal the Hindu goddess Gadhimai, is honoured every five years with the slaughter of 250,000 animals. This practice was banned from 2015. Bali sacrifice today is common at the Sakta shrines of the Goddess Kali. However, animal sacrifice is illegal in India.

Buddhism
The First Precept prohibits Buddhists from killing people or animals. The matter of whether this forbids Buddhists from eating meat has long been a matter of debate, however, as vegetarianism is not a given in all schools of Buddhism. The first Buddhist monks and nuns were forbidden from growing, storing, or cooking their own food. They relied entirely on the generosity of alms to feed themselves, and were not allowed to accept money to buy their own food. They could not make special dietary requests, and had to accept whatever food alms givers had available, including meat.

Monks and nuns of the Theravada school of Buddhism, which predominates in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Cambodia, Burma, and Laos, still follow these strictures today. These strictures were relaxed in China, Korea, Japan, and other countries that follow Mahayana Buddhism, where monasteries were in remote mountain areas and the distance to the nearest towns made daily alms rounds impractical. There, Buddhist monks and nuns could cultivate their crops, store their harvests, cook their meals, and accept money to buy foodstuffs in the market.

According to the Vinaya Pitaka, when Devadatta urged the Buddha to make complete abstinence from meat compulsory, the Buddha refused, maintaining that "monks would have to accept whatever they found in their begging bowls, including meat, provided that they had not seen, had not heard, and had no reason to suspect that the animal had been killed so that the meat could be given to them". There were prohibitions on specific kinds of meat: meat from humans, meat from royal animals such as elephants or horses, meat from dogs, and meat from dangerous animals like snakes, lions, tigers, panthers, bears and hyenas.

On the other hand, certain Mahayana sutras strongly denounce the eating of meat. According to the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra, the Buddha revoked this permission to eat meat and warned of a Dark Age when false monks would claim that they were allowed meat. In the Lankavatara Sutra, a disciple of the Buddha named Mahamati asks "[Y]ou teach a doctrine that is flavoured with compassion. It is the teaching of the perfect Buddhas. And yet we eat meat nonetheless; we have not put an end to it." An entire chapter is devoted to the Buddha's response, wherein he lists a litany of spiritual, physical, mental, and emotional reasons why meat eating should be abjured. However, according to, this chapter on meat eating is a "later addition to the text....It is quite likely that meat-eating was practiced more or less among the earlier Buddhists, which was made a subject of severe criticism by their opponents. The Buddhists at the time of the Laṅkāvatāra did not like it, hence this addition in which an apologetic tone is noticeable." points to a passage in the Surangama Sutra which implies advocacy of "not just a vegetarian, but a vegan lifestyle"; however, numerous scholars over the centuries have concluded that the Śūraṅgama Sūtra is a forgery. Moreover, in the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra, the same sutra which records his retraction of permission to eat meat, the Buddha explicitly identifies as "beautiful foods" honey, milk, and cream, all of which are eschewed by vegans. However, in several other Mahayana scriptures, too (e.g., the Mahayana jatakas), the Buddha is seen clearly to indicate that meat-eating is undesirable and karmically unwholesome.

Some suggest that the rise of monasteries in Mahayana tradition to be a contributing factor in the emphasis on vegetarianism. In the monastery, food was prepared specifically for monks. In this context, large quantities of meat would have been specifically prepared (killed) for monks. Henceforth, when monks from the Indian geographical sphere of influence migrated to China from the year 65 CE on, they met followers who provided them with money instead of food. From those days onwards Chinese monastics, and others who came to inhabit northern countries, cultivated their own vegetable plots and bought food in the market. This remains the dominant practice in China, Vietnam, and part of Korean Mahayanan temples.

Mahayana lay Buddhists often eat vegetarian diets on the vegetarian dates (齋期 zhāi qī). There are different arrangement of the dates, from several days to three months in each year, in some traditions, the celebration of the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara's birthday, enlightenment and leaving home days hold the highest importance to be vegetarian.

In China, Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan, and their respective diaspora communities, monks and nuns are expected to abstain from meat and, traditionally, eggs and dairy, in addition to the fetid vegetables – traditionally garlic, Allium chinense, asafoetida, shallot, and Allium victorialis (victory onion or mountain leek), although in modern times this rule is often interpreted to include other vegetables of the onion genus, as well as coriander – this is called pure vegetarianism or veganism (純素, chúnsù). Pure vegetarianism or veganism is Indic in origin and is still practiced in India by some adherents of Dharmic religions such as Jainism and in the case of Hinduism, lacto-vegetarianism with the additional abstention of pungent or fetid vegetables.

In the modern Buddhist world, attitudes toward vegetarianism vary by location. In China and Vietnam, monks typically eat no meat, with other restrictions as well. In Japan or Korea, some schools do not eat meat, while most do. Theravadins in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia do not practice vegetarianism. All Buddhists, including monks, are allowed to practice vegetarianism if they wish to do so. states that "There are no accurate statistics, but I would guess—and it is only a guess—that worldwide about half of all Buddhists are vegetarian".

Sikhism

Some followers of Sikhism do not have a preference for meat or vegetarian consumption. However the Indian state of Punjab, homeplace for most Sikhs, has the third highest percent of vegetarians out of all 29 Indian states. There are two views on initiated or "Amritdhari Sikhs" and meat consumption. "Amritdhari" Sikhs (i.e., those who follow the Sikh Rehat Maryada, the Official Sikh Code of Conduct ) can eat meat (provided it is not Kutha meat). "Amritdharis" who belong to some Sikh sects (e.g., Akhand Kirtani Jatha, Damdami Taksal, Namdhari, Rarionwalay, etc.) are vehemently against the consumption of meat and eggs.

In the case of meat, the Sikh gurus have indicated their preference for a simple diet, which could include meat or not. Passages from the Guru Granth Sahib (the holy book of Sikhs, also known as the Adi Granth) say that fools argue over this issue. Guru Nanak said that overconsumption of food (Lobh, 'greed') involves a drain on the Earth's resources and thus on life. The tenth guru, Guru Gobind Singh, prohibited the Sikhs from the consumption of halal or Kutha (any ritually slaughtered meat) meat because of the Sikh belief that sacrificing an animal in the name of God is mere ritualism (something to be avoided).

Guru Nanak states that all living beings are connected. Even meat comes from the consumption of vegetables, and all forms of life are based on water.

"O Pandit, you do not know where did flesh originate! It is water where life originated and it is water that sustains all life. It is water that produces grains, sugarcane, cotton and all forms of life."

- Guru Granth Sahib 1290

Sikhs who eat meat eat Jhatka meat.

Abrahamic religions
Judaic, Christian, and Muslim traditions (Abrahamic religions) all have strong connections to the Biblical ideal of the Garden of Eden, which includes references to a herbivore diet.[, ] While vegetarianism has not traditionally been viewed as mainstream in these traditions, some Jews, Christians, and Muslims practice and advocate vegetarianism.

Judaism
Though Jewish vegetarianism is not often viewed as mainstream, a number of Jews have argued for Jewish vegetarianism. Medieval rabbis such as Joseph Albo and Isaac Arama regarded vegetarianism as a moral ideal, and a number of modern Jewish groups and Jewish religious and cultural authorities have promoted vegetarianism. Groups advocating for Jewish vegetarianism include Jewish Veg, a contemporary grassroots organization promoting veganism as "God's ideal diet", and the Shamayim V'Aretz Institute, which promotes a vegan diet in the Jewish community through animal welfare activism, kosher veganism, and Jewish spirituality. One source of advocacy for Jewish vegetarianism in Israel is Amirim, a vegetarian moshav (village).

Jewish Veg has named 75 contemporary rabbis who encourage veganism for all Jews, including Jonathan Wittenberg, Daniel Sperber, David Wolpe, Nathan Lopes Cardozo, Kerry Olitzky, Shmuly Yanklowitz, Aryeh Cohen, Geoffrey Claussen, Rami M. Shapiro, David Rosen, Raysh Weiss, Elyse Goldstein, Shefa Gold, and Yonassan Gershom. Other rabbis who have promoted vegetarianism have included David Cohen, Shlomo Goren, Irving Greenberg, Asa Keisar, Jonathan Sacks, She'ar Yashuv Cohen, and Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog. Other notable advocates of Jewish vegetarianism include Franz Kafka, Roberta Kalechofsky, Richard H. Schwartz, Isaac Bashevis Singer, Jonathan Safran Foer, and Aaron S. Gross.

Jewish vegetarians often cite Jewish principles regarding animal welfare, environmental ethics, moral character, and health as reasons for adopting a vegetarian or vegan diet. Some Jews point to legal principles including Bal tashkhit (the law which prohibits waste) and Tza'ar ba'alei hayyim (the injunction not to cause 'pain to living creatures'). Many Jewish vegetarians are particularly concerned about cruel practices in factory farms and high-speed, mechanized slaughterhouses. Jonathan Safran Foer has raised these concerns in the short documentary film If This Is Kosher..., responding to what he considers abuses within the kosher meat industry.

Some Jewish vegetarians have pointed out that Adam and Eve were not allowed to eat meat. states "And God said: Behold, I have given you every herb yielding seed which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree that has seed-yielding fruit—to you it shall be for food," indicating that God's original plan was for mankind to be vegan. According to some opinions, the whole world will again be vegetarian in the Messianic era, and not eating meat brings the world closer to that ideal. As the ideal images of the Torah are vegetarian, one may see the laws of kashrut as actually designed to wean Jews away from meat eating and to move them toward the vegetarian ideal.

Christianity

Within Eastern Christianity, vegetarianism is practiced as part of fasting during the Great Lent (although shellfish and other non-vertebrate products are generally considered acceptable during some periods of this time); vegan fasting is particularly common in Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodox Churches, such as the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, which generally fasts 210 days out of the year. This tradition greatly influenced the cuisine of Ethiopia.

Some Christian groups, such as Seventh-day Adventists, the Christian Vegetarian Association and Christian anarchists, take a literal interpretation of the Biblical prophecies of universal vegetarianism (or veganism)[,, ] and encourage these practices as preferred lifestyles or as a tool to reject the commodity status of animals and the use of animal products for any purpose, although some of them say it is not required. Other groups point instead to allegedly explicit prophecies of temple sacrifices in the Messianic Kingdom, e.g., where so-called peace offerings and so-called freewill offerings are said that will be offered, and where it states that such offerings are eaten, what may contradict the very purpose of Jesus' purportedly sufficient atonement. Several Christian monastic groups, including the Desert Fathers, Trappists, Benedictines, Cistercians and Carthusians, all of the Orthodox monks and also Christian esoteric groups, such as the Rosicrucian Fellowship, have encouraged pescatarianism.

The Bible Christian Church, a Christian vegetarian sect founded by Reverend William Cowherd in 1809, were one of the philosophical forerunners of the Vegetarian Society. Cowherd encouraged members to abstain from eating of meat as a form of temperance. Some Christian vegetarians, such as Keith Akers, argue that Jesus himself was a vegetarian. Akers argues that Jesus was influenced by the Essenes, an ascetic Jewish sect. The present academic consensus is that Jesus was not an Essene. There is no historical record of Jesus' precise attitudes to animals, but there is a strand in his ethical teaching about the primacy of mercy to the weak, the powerless and the oppressed, which Walters and Portmess argue can also refer to captive animals.

Other, more recent Christians movements, such as Sarx and CreatureKind, do not maintain that Jesus himself was a vegetarian, but instead argue that many practices which occur in the contemporary industrialized farming system, such as the mass culling of day-old male-chicks in the egg industry, are incompatible with the life of peace and love to which Jesus called his followers.

Islam
Islam explicitly prohibits eating of some kinds of meat, especially pork. However, one of the most important Islamic celebrations, Eid al-Adha, involves animal sacrifices (Udhiya). Muslims who can afford to do so sacrifice domestic animals (usually sheep, but also camels, cows, and goats). According to the Quran, a large portion of the meat has to be given towards the poor and hungry, and every effort is to be made to see that no impoverished Muslim is left without sacrificial food during the days of feasts like Eid-ul-Adha. On the other hand, Udhiya is only a sunnah and is not obligatory: even caliphs have used non-animal means of sacrifice for Eid.

Certain Islamic orders are mainly vegetarian; many Sufis maintain a vegetarian diet. Some Muslims in Indonesia think that being a vegetarian for reasons other than health is un-Islamic and it is a form of emulation of the infidels (tashabbuh bil kuffar). On the other hand, the Rishi order in Kashmir were historically described as abstaining from meat consumption. Muhammad has been said to have subsisted on a 90% plant-based diet, largely made up of dates and barley.

Sri Lankan Sufi master Bawa Muhaiyaddeen, who founded the Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship of North America in Philadelphia, established vegetarianism as the norm for his followers and meat products are not permitted at the legacy fellowship center or farm. The former Indian president A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was also famously a vegetarian. In January 1996, The International Vegetarian Union announced the formation of the Muslim Vegetarian/Vegan Society. There is also a Vegan Muslim Initiative, founded in 2017. They encourage Muslims to try a vegan diet during Ramadan, making it a "Veganadan". Proponents of vegetarianism in Islam have pointed to the teachings in the Quran and the Hadith which instruct kindness and compassion towards animals as well as avoiding excess:

"Transgress not in the balance, and weigh with justice, and skimp not in the balance...earth, He set it down for all beings"

– Surrah Ar-Rahman 55:8–10

"Whoever is kind to the creatures of God is kind to himself."

– Hadith: Bukhari

"A good deed done to an animal is as meritorious as a good deed done to a human being, while an act of cruelty to an animal is as bad as an act of cruelty to a human being."

– Hadith: Mishkat al-Masabih; Book 6; Chapter 7, 8:178

"O sons of wisdom, do not turn your stomachs into graveyards for animals (Daiif Hadith)."

– Hadith: Fayd al-Qadīr Sharh al-Jami' as-Saghīr 2/52

"Beware of meat, for meat can be as addictive as wine"

– Hadith: al-Muwaṭṭa' 1742

Rastafari
Rastafari generally follow a diet called "I-tal", which eschews the eating of food that has been artificially preserved, flavoured, or chemically altered in any way. Some Rastafari consider it to also forbid the eating of meat but the majority will not eat pork at the very least, considering it unclean.

Baháʼí Faith
While there are no dietary restrictions in the Baháʼí Faith, 'Abdu'l-Bahá, the son of the founder of the religion, noted that a vegetarian diet consisting of fruits and grains was desirable, except for people with a weak constitution or those that are sick. He stated that there are no requirements that Baháʼís become vegetarian, but that a future society would gradually become vegetarian. 'Abdu'l-Bahá also stated that killing animals was somewhat contrary to compassion. While Shoghi Effendi, the head of the Baháʼí Faith in the first half of the 20th century, stated that a purely vegetarian diet would be preferable since it avoided killing animals, both he and the Universal House of Justice (the governing body of the Baháʼís) have stated that these teachings do not constitute a Baháʼí practice and that Baháʼís can choose to eat whatever they wish, but to be respectful of others' beliefs.

Manichaeism
Manichaeism was a religion established by the Iranian named Mani during the Sassanian Empire. The religion prohibited slaughtering or eating animals.

Zoroastrianism
Mazdakism, a sect of Zoroastrianism, explicitly promoted vegetarianism. One of the main precepts in Zoroastrianism is respect and kindness towards all living things and condemnation of cruelty against animals. The Shahnameh states that the evil king of Persia, Zohak, was first taught eating meat by the evil one who came to him in the guise of a cook. This was the start of an age of great evil for Persia. Prior to this, in the Golden age of mankind in the days of the great Aryan Kings, man did not eat meat.

The Pahlavi scriptures state that in the final stages of the world, when the final Saviour Saoshyant arrives, man will become more spiritual and gradually give up meat eating. Vegetarianism is stated to be the future state of the world in Pahlavi scriptures – Atrupat-e Emetan in Iran in Denkard Book VI requested all Zoroastrians to be vegetarians: "ku.san enez a-on ku urwar xwarishn bawed shmah mardoman ku derziwishn bawed, ud az tan i gospand pahrezed, ce amar was, e.g. Ohrmaz i xwaday hay.yarih i gospand ray urwar was dad." Meaning: They hold this also: Be plant eaters (urwar xwarishn) (i.e. vegetarian), O you, men, so that you may live long. Keep away from the body of cattle (tan i gospand), and deeply reckon that Ohrmazd, the Lord has created plants in great number for helping cattle (and men)."

Nation of Islam
The Nation of Islam promotes vegetarianism deeming it the "most healthful and virtuous way to eat".

Taoism
In Chinese societies, "simple eating" (素食 Mandarin: sù shí) refers to a particular restricted diet associated with Taoist monks, and sometimes practiced by members of the general population during Taoist festivals and fasting days. It is similar to Chinese Buddhist vegetarianism. Varying levels of abstinence among Taoists and Taoist-influenced people include veganism, veganism without root vegetables, lacto-ovo vegetarianism, and pescetarianism. Taoist vegetarians also tend to abstain from alcohol and pungent vegetables such as garlic and onions during lenten days. Non-vegetarian Taoists sometimes abstain from beef and water buffalo meat for many cultural reasons.

Vegetarianism in the Taoist tradition is similar to that of Lent in the Christian tradition. While highly religious people such as monks may be vegetarian, vegan or pescetarian on a permanent basis, lay practitioners often eat vegetarian on the 1st (new moon), 8th, 14th, 18th, 23rd, 24th, 28th, 29th and 30th days of the lunar calendar. In accordance with their Buddhist peers, and because many people are both Taoist and Buddhist, they often also eat lenten on the 15th day (full moon). Taoist vegetarianism is similar to Chinese Buddhist vegetarianism, however, its roots reach to pre-Buddhist times. Believers historically abstained from animal products and alcohol before practicing Confucian, Taoist and Chinese folk religion rites.

It is referred to by the English word "vegetarian"; however, though it rejects meat, eggs, and milk, this diet may include oysters and oyster products or otherwise be pescetarian for some believers. Many lay Taoists who follow modern sects such as that of Yi Guan Dao or Master Ching Hai are vegan or strictly vegetarian.

Faithist/Oahspe
Oahspe (Meaning Sky, Earth and Spirit) is the doctrinal book of those who follow Faithism. The precepts for behavior can be found throughout the book which include" a herbivorous diet (vegan, vegetable food only), peaceful living (no warring or violence; pacifism), living a life of virtue, service to others, angelic assistance, spiritual communion, and communal living when it is feasible to do so. Freedom and responsibility are two themes reiterated throughout the text of Oahspe.

Neopaganism
There is no set teaching on vegetarianism within the diverse neopagan communities, however many do follow a vegetarian diet often connected to ecological concerns as well as the welfare and rights of animals. Vegetarian practitioners of Wicca will often see their standpoint as a natural extension of the Wiccan Rede. Organizations like SERV refer to the historic figures of Porphyry, Pythagoras and Iamblichus as sources for the Pagan view of vegetarianism. During the 1970s the publication Earth Religion News, focused on articles related to neopaganism and vegetarianism, it was edited by the author Herman Slater.

Meher Baba's teachings
The spiritual teacher Meher Baba recommended a vegetarian diet for his followers because he held that it helps one to avoid certain impurities: "Killing an animal for sport, pleasure or food means catching all its bad impressions, since the motive is selfish....Impressions are contagious. Eating meat is prohibited in many spiritual disciplines because therein the person catches the impressions of the animal, thus rendering himself more susceptible to lust and anger."

title: Vegetarianism and religion


text:
Paul Calderón

Paul Calderón (born 1952 (age 48)) is a Puerto Rican actor, writer, director and producer. He is a founding member of the Touchstone Theatre, the American Folk Theatre and the LAByrinth Theater Company. He is also a member of the Actors Studio, auditioning and accepted as a member in 1984 alongside Melissa Leo and two other actors. He is best known for portraying Raymond Cruz in the 1998 crime comedy film Out of Sight and the 2023 neo-Western crime drama miniseries Justified: City Primeval.

Early life
Calderón was born in Puerto Rico, and moved to New York City as a child. After a stint in the United States Army, he studied acting under the G.I. Bill. He became a member of the Actors Studio in 1984, and was a founding member of the LAByrinth Theater Company.

Career
Calderón got his big break in 1984 in a revival of Miguel Piñero's Short Eyes directed by Kevin Conway at the Second Stage Theatre. In 1995 he won an Obie and an Audelco Award for his performance in Blade to the Heat at the Public Theater. His most notable Broadway role was opposite Robert De Niro in Cuba and His Teddy Bear.

He appeared Off-Broadway in such plays as Requiem for a Heavyweight; Two Sisters and a Piano and Dancing on Her Knees, both written by Nilo Cruz; Troilus and Cressida at the Delacorte Theater in Central Park, in the role of Achilles; and Divine Horsemen for the LAByrinth Theater Company, a play which he had written, directed and produced. He wrote and directed Master of the Crossroads, based on his own short story; it was premiered at the Bridge Theater in Manhattan, starring Kate Jackson. He has had various short stories published in literary journals. His last published story was "Primitive Grace" for the international e-magazine Noir Nation.

In the 1980s, Calderón appeared in several TV series. He acted in three episodes of Miami Vice, playing a different character in each. He also appeared in the extended music video of "Bad" by Michael Jackson (who played the film's main character, Darryl).

Calderón appeared in Abel Ferrara's 1992 crime drama Bad Lieutenant, starring Harvey Keitel.

Calderón was almost cast as Jules Winnfield in the 1994 film Pulp Fiction, since director Quentin Tarantino had been impressed by his audition, but the role eventually went to Samuel L. Jackson, and Calderón was given a role as a bartender, Paul, who speaks the line, "Hey, my name's Paul and this shit's between y'all," to John Travolta's character, Vincent Vega.

He has performed in numerous feature films, including King of New York, Sea of Love, The Last Castle, The Firm, Four Rooms, Out of Sight, La Soga, Cop Land, Addiction, and 21 Grams.

He has made many guest appearances on television series, including recurring roles on Dream Street, Law & Order and Miami Vice. In 2012, he guest-starred in the Blue Bloods episode "Domestic Disturbance", playing Lieutenant Martin Perez. (He reprised the role in the 2016 Blue Bloods episode "Back in the Day". ) Calderón worked on two films in 2012: West End, directed by Joe Basille; and Biodegradable, a futuristic film shot in the Dominican Republic with an all Latino cast, directed by Juan Basanta. In 2014, he played Arquimedes, the bodyguard of Enoch "Nucky" Thompson in seven episodes of the fifth (final) season of the HBO series Boardwalk Empire. He played Alejandro, a recurring role on Fear the Walking Dead. Since 2017, he has appeared as Detective Santiago "Jimmy" Robertson on the Amazon TV series, Bosch.

In 2023, he would reprise his role from Out of Sight as Raymond Cruz in the FX miniseries Justified: City Primeval.

Personal life
Calderón lives in Brooklyn with his wife Catherine. They have two children.

Filmography

 * Tenement (1985) – Hector
 * Rockabye (1986 television film) – Street Vendor
 * Band of the Hand (1986) – Tito
 * Sticky Fingers (1988) – Speed
 * Sea of Love (1989) – Juan
 * The Chair (1989) – Pizza
 * King of New York (1990) – Joey Dalesio
 * Q&A (1990)
 * CrissCross (1992) – Blacky
 * Bad Lieutenant (1992) – Cop #1
 * The Firm (1993) – Thomas Richie
 * Pulp Fiction (1994) – Paul
 * New York Undercover (1994) – Carlos Ortiz
 * Clockers (1995) – Jesus at Hambones
 * The Addiction (1995) – Professor
 * Four Rooms (1995) – Norman (Segment: "The Man from Hollywood")
 * Cop Land (1997) – Hector
 * OK Garage (1998) – Carl
 * Out of Sight (1998) – Raymond Cruz
 * One Tough Cop (1998) – Sgt. Diaz
 * Oxygen (1999) – Jesse
 * Girlfight (2000) – Sandro Guzman
 * Once in the Life (2000) – Manny Rivera
 * The Last Castle (2001) – Sergeant Major Dellwo
 * Kill the Poor (2003) – Carlos
 * 21 Grams – Brown
 * The Sentinel (2006) – Deputy Director Cortes
 * La Soga (2009) – Rafa
 * The Hungry Ghosts (2009) – Carl
 * Lie to Me- “Unchained”-S1 E5 (2009) – Manny Trillo
 * Boardwalk Empire (2014) – Arquimedes (7 episodes)
 * Fear the Walking Dead (television series; 2016) – Alejandro (6 episodes)
 * Bosch (television series; 2017—2021) – Detective Santiago Robertson (30 episodes)
 * Antrum (2018) – Dr. Ivan Gaston
 * Justified: City Primeval (television series; 2023) – Raymond Cruz

title: Paul Calderón


text: Category:Tamaulipas

title: Category:Tamaulipas


text:
User talk:Wulfilia

User Welcome!
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! RJFJR 01:58, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
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Walk on Water (translation/transliteration of Hebrew title)

 * New comments go on the bottom of talk pages, not the top. Lalecet Al Hamaim is a transliteration of whatever Hebrew letters make up the title in Hebrew.  It is not a translation. Nelson Ricardo 06:33, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Discussion continues on Nelson Ricardo's talk page Wulfilia 20:18, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

Airsoft
I just left a note at the talk page of Airsoft. No, User:81.151.150.254 wasn't me. Regards --BorgQueen 07:58, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

Template:Infobox Prime Minister
Hi, are you aware that your template is up for deletion? You can comment here Hera1187 07:58, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

Talk:Police brutality
Hi! Please see this talk page about the list addition you made. It seems like an appropriate entry to the list, but it really needs a source. This is the reason I initially removed it, but I would just as soon leave it there as long as it has a citation. Thanks! --Ginkgo100 talk · e@ 15:29, 5 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi Ginkgo100, I've added some references as best I can but I'm not entirely au fait with the Wikipedia bibliographic system. Let me know if it's OK. Wulfilia 13:15, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

Melbourne meetup
Greetings, person who is listed as being interested in future meetups in Melbourne. The fourth meetup will be held on 18 December, at Lower House in Fed Square (in the Alfred Deaking building, Flinders Street end near the Atrium: map), starting from 7pm. We don't currently have a separate location for discussion beforehand, but there'll be plenty of time to talk wiki over dinner. --bainer (talk) 15:04, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Fifth Melbourne meetup
The fifth meetup of Melbourne Wikipedians is being planned as a breakfast meeting in the city with Jimbo Wales (at a venue to be arranged) on Friday, 27 April 2007.

Jimbo has proposed breakfast as the one real window of opportunity during his tightly scheduled stay in Melbourne. Tbe precise time has to be sorted out with Jimbo, but the arrangements for the equivalent Adelaide meetup a few days before may give a good idea.

Feel free to edit the relevant page in any way that might be helpful. I feel like a bit of an interloper, not having attended previous meetups. If there's anything you can do to help, I'll be grateful. Please think about whether you'll be able to make it, assuming the arrangements are similar to those Adelaide is adopting (i.e. a block of time with people being fairly free to arrive when it suits them). Some indication on the page of your possible participation would be really helpful. Metamagician3000 06:28, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

Melbourne meetup 6
Hi. This is a reminder to people on the Melbourne meetup participation list that the next meetup has been arranged for 19 June. Could you indicate on the meetup page your likely attendence, or otherwise. Regards. - Cuddy Wifter 23:38, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

Melbourne Meetup #7: Wednesday 3rd October
See Meetup/Melbourne 7 for more details. Please come!

Agenda: Wikimedia Australia

--pfctdayelise (talk) 12:50, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Melbourne Meetup
Hello! The Melburnians are having another meet-up! Please consult this page if you are interested to participate in the discussion! Thanks! Phgao 03:32, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

Melbourne meetup this Saturday
Hi there! You are cordially invited to a meetup at North Melbourne this Saturday (23 July). Details and an attendee list are at Meetup/Melbourne 16 Hope to see you there! JVbot (talk) 05:15, 20 July 2011 (UTC) (this automated message was delivered to all users at Meetup/Melbourne/Participants)

title: User talk:Wulfilia


text:
Airto Moreira

Airto Guimorvan Moreira (born August 5, 1941) is a Brazilian jazz drummer and percussionist. He is married to jazz singer Flora Purim, and their daughter Diana Moreira is also a singer. Coming to prominence in the late 1960s as a member of the Brazilian ensemble Quarteto Novo, he moved to the United States and worked in jazz fusion with Miles Davis, Return to Forever, Weather Report and Santana.

Biography
Airto Moreira was born in Itaiópolis, Brazil, into a family of folk healers, and raised in Curitiba and São Paulo. Showing an extraordinary talent for music at a young age, he became a professional musician at age 13, noticed first as a member of the samba jazz pioneers Sambalanço Trio and for his landmark recording with Hermeto Pascoal in Quarteto Novo in 1967. Shortly after, he followed his wife Flora Purim to the United States.

After moving to the US, Moreira studied with Moacir Santos in Los Angeles. He then moved to New York where he began playing regularly with jazz musicians, including the bassist Walter Booker. Through Booker, Moreira began playing with Joe Zawinul, who in turn introduced him to Miles Davis. At this time Davis was experimenting with electronic instruments and rock and funk rhythms, a form which was soon called jazz fusion. Moreira participated in several of the most important projects of this emerging musical form, and stayed with Davis for about two years.

Shortly after leaving Davis, Moreira joined other Davis alumni Zawinul, Wayne Shorter and Miroslav Vitous in their group Weather Report, playing percussion on their first album (1971). He left Weather Report (replaced by Dom Um Romão and Muruga Booker for their Sweetnighter album) to join fellow Davis alumnus Chick Corea's new band Return to Forever. He played drums on Return to Forever's first two albums: Return to Forever and Light as a Feather in 1972.

Moreira was a contributor to many of Grateful Dead percussionist Mickey Hart's world music/percussion albums in Rykodisc's The World collection, including The Apocalypse Now Sessions, Däfos, Supralingua, and Planet Drum, which won a World Music Grammy in 1991. He can be heard playing congas on Eumir Deodato's 1970s space-funk hit "Also sprach Zarathustra" on the album Prelude.

Moreira has played with many of the greatest names in jazz including Cannonball Adderley, Lee Morgan, Paul Desmond, Dave Holland, Jack DeJohnette, John McLaughlin, Keith Jarrett, Al Di Meola, Zakir Hussain, George Duke and Mickey Hart.

In addition to jazz concerts and recordings, he has composed and contributed music to film and television, played at the re-opening of the Library of Alexandria, Egypt (along with fellow professor of ethnomusicology Halim El-Dabh ), and taught at UCLA and the California Brazil Camp.

In 1996, Moreira and his wife Flora Purim collaborated with P.M. Dawn on the song "Non-Fiction Burning" for the AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Rio, produced by the Red Hot Organization.

In 2022 it was announced via the Flora Purim & Airto Moreira Facebook page that Airto was suffering severe health problems and that wife Flora was now his full-time caregiver. A GoFundMe page was set up by their daughter Niura with the aim of raising funds to move Airto to a more suitable care facility. As of July 2023, almost $45,000 has been raised.

Awards

 * Moreira was voted the number one percussionist in "Down Beat Magazine's Critics Poll" for the years 1975 through 1982 and most recently in 1993.
 * In September 2002, Brazil's President Fernando Henrique Cardoso added Moreira and Purim to the "Order of Rio Branco", one of Brazil's highest honors.

As leader

 * Natural Feelings (Buddah, 1970)
 * Seeds On the Ground (Buddah, 1971)
 * Free (CTI, 1972)
 * Fingers (CTI, 1973)
 * Virgin Land (Salvation, 1974)
 * In Concert with Eumir Deodato (CTI, 1974)
 * Identity (Arista, 1975)
 * Promises of the Sun (Arista, 1976)
 * I'm Fine, How Are You? (Warner Bros., 1977)
 * Touching You...Touching Me (Warner Bros., 1979)
 * Däfos with Mickey Hart (Reference, 1983)
 * Misa Espiritual (Harmonia Mundi, 1983)
 * Latino/Aqui Se Puede (Sobocode, 1984)
 * Three-Way Mirror (Reference, 1985)
 * Humble People with Flora Purim (Concord Jazz, 1985)
 * The Magicians with Flora Purim (Crossover, 1986)
 * The Colours of Life with Flora Purim (In+Out, 1988)
 * Samba de Flora (Montuno, 1989)
 * The Sun Is Out with Flora Purim (Crossover, 1987)
 * Struck by Lightning (Venture, 1989)
 * The Other Side of This (Rykodisc, 1992)
 * Killer Bees (B&W Music, 1993)
 * Homeless (M.E.L.T., 2000)
 * Revenge of the Killer Bees (M.E.L.T., 2000)
 * Life After That (Narada, 2003)
 * The Boston Three Party with Chick Corea, Eddie Gomez (Stretch, 2007)
 * Aluê (Selo, 2017)
 * Eu canto assim (NoRPM, 2021)

With Sambalanço Trio
 * Sambalanço Trio (Audio Fidelity, 1964)
 * Improviso Negro (Ubatuqui, 1965)
 * Reencontro com Sambalanço Trio (Som Maior, 1965)

With Fourth World
 * Recorded Live At Ronnie Scott's Club (Ronnie Scotts Jazz House 1992)
 * Fourth World (B and W Music 1993)
 * Encounters of the Fourth World (B and W Music 1995)
 * Live in South Africa 1993 (Bootleg.net 1996)
 * Last Journey (M.E.L.T. 2000)
 * Return Journey (Electro M.E.L.T. 2000)

As sideman
With Cannonball Adderley
 * The Black Messiah (Capitol, 1971)
 * The Happy People (Capitol, 1972)
 * Phenix (Fantasy, 1975)
 * Big Man: The Legend of John Henry (Fantasy, 1975)
 * Music You All (Capitol, 1976)
 * Lovers (Fantasy, 1976)

With Gato Barbieri
 * El Pampero (Flying Dutchman, 1972)
 * Bolivia (Flying Dutchman, 1973)
 * Under Fire (Flying Dutchman, 1973)
 * El Gato (Flying Dutchman, 1975)

With Stanley Clarke
 * Stanley Clarke (Nemperor, 1974)
 * I Wanna Play for You (Nemperor, 1979)
 * Shieldstone (Bellaphon, 1987)

With Chick Corea
 * Return to Forever (ECM, 1972)
 * Light as a Feather (Polydor, 1973)
 * Secret Agent (Polydor, 1978)
 * Tap Step (Warner Bros., 1980)
 * The Ultimate Adventure (Stretch, 2006)

With Miles Davis
 * Miles Davis at Fillmore (Columbia, 1970)
 * Live-Evil (Columbia, 1971)
 * Black Beauty: Live at the Fillmore West (CBS/Sony, 1973)
 * Get Up with It (Columbia, 1974)
 * Big Fun (Columbia, 1974)
 * Circle in the Round (Columbia, 1979)
 * Directions (Columbia, 1981)
 * The Complete Bitches Brew Sessions (recorded 1969–1970, released 1998)

With Paul Desmond
 * From the Hot Afternoon (A&M, 1969)
 * Summertime (A&M, 1969)
 * Bridge Over Troubled Water (A&M, 1970)

With George Duke
 * Feel (MPS/BASF, 1974)
 * I Love the Blues, She Heard My Cry (MPS/BASF, 1975)
 * The Aura Will Prevail (MPS/BASF, 1975)
 * Liberated Fantasies (MPS, 1976)
 * A Brazilian Love Affair (Epic, 1980)
 * Night After Night (Elektra, 1989)
 * Snapshot (Warner Bros., 1992)
 * Is Love Enough? (Warner Bros., 1997)
 * Duke (BPM, 2005)
 * In a Mellow Tone (BPM, 2006)

With David Friesen
 * Amber Skies (Palo Alto, 1984)
 * Other Times Other Places (Global Pacific, 1989)
 * Departure (Global Pacific, 1990)
 * Ancient Kings (Shamrock, 1994)

With Stan Getz
 * Captain Marvel (Columbia, 1975)
 * The Best of Two Worlds (Columbia, 1976)

With Astrud Gilberto
 * I Haven't Got Anything Better to Do (Verve, 1969)
 * Gilberto with Turrentine (CTI, 1971)
 * Now (Perception, 1972)

With Johnny Hammond
 * Breakout (Kudu, 1971)
 * Wild Horses Rock Steady (Kudu, 1972)
 * The Prophet (Kudu, 1972)

With Mickey Hart
 * The Apocalypse Now Sessions (Passport, 1980)
 * At the Edge (Rykodisc, 1990)
 * Planet Drum (Rykodisc, 1991)
 * Mickey Hart's Mystery Box (1996)
 * Supralingua (Rykodisc, 1998)

With Freddie Hubbard
 * First Light (CTI, 1971)
 * Sky Dive (CTI, 1972)
 * The Baddest Hubbard (CTI, 1972)
 * Polar AC (CTI, 1975)

With Bob James
 * H (Tappan Zee, 1980)
 * Snowbird (Tappan Zee/Columbia, 1980)
 * Sign of the Times (Tappan Zee/Columbia, 1981)

With Antonio Carlos Jobim
 * Stone Flower (CTI, 1970)
 * Jobim (MCA, 1973)

With Hubert Laws
 * Afro-Classic (CTI, 1970)
 * The Rite of Spring (CTI, 1972)
 * Wild Flower (Atlantic, 1972)

With Duke Pearson
 * How Insensitive (Blue Note, 1969)
 * Merry Ole Soul (Blue Note, 1969)
 * I Don't Care Who Knows It (Blue Note, 1996)

With Flora Purim
 * Butterfly Dreams (Milestone, 1973)
 * Stories to Tell (Milestone, 1974)
 * 500 Miles High (Milestone, 1976)
 * Open Your Eyes You Can Fly (Milestone, 1976)
 * Encounter (Milestone, 1977)
 * Nothing Will Be As It Was...Tomorrow (Warner Bros., 1977)
 * That's What She Said (Milestone, 1978)
 * Everyday Everynight (Warner Bros., 1978)
 * Carry On (Warner Bros., 1979)
 * The Midnight Sun (Venture, 1988)
 * Speed of Light (B&W Music, 1995)
 * Welcome Back '95 (B&W Music, 1995)
 * Perpetual Emotion (Narada, 2001)
 * If You Will (Strut, 2022)

With Wayne Shorter
 * Super Nova (Blue Note, 1969)
 * Native Dancer (Columbia, 1975)
 * High Life (Verve, 1995)

With Paul Simon
 * Paul Simon (Columbia, 1971)
 * There Goes Rhymin' Simon (Columbia, 1973)
 * Hearts and Bones (Warner Bros., 1983)

With Stanley Turrentine
 * Salt Song (CTI, 1971)
 * The Baddest Turrentine (CTI, 1973)
 * The Sugar Man (CTI, 1975)

With Grover Washington Jr.
 * Inner City Blues (Kudu, 1971)
 * All the King's Horses (Kudu, 1972)
 * Soul Box (Kudu, 1973)

With others
 * Average White Band, Feel No Fret (Atlantic, 1979)
 * George Benson, White Rabbit (CTI, 1972)
 * George Benson, Take Five (Columbia, 1993)
 * Luiz Bonfa, Jacaranda (Ranwood, 1973)
 * Luiz Bonfa, Sanctuary (Sony, 2000)
 * Soledad Bravo, Soledad Bravo (Sono-Rodven, 1985)
 * Brecker Brothers, Detente (Arista, 1980)
 * Dee Dee Bridgewater, Just Family (Elektra, 1978)
 * Kenny Burrell, God Bless the Child (CBS, 1971)
 * Charlie Byrd, For All We Know (Columbia, 1971)
 * Donald Byrd, Electric Byrd (Blue Note, 1970)
 * Donald Byrd, Kofi (Blue Note, 1995)
 * The Carpenters, Lovelines (A&M, 1989)
 * Karen Carpenter, Karen Carpenter (A&M, 1996)
 * Oscar Castro-Neves, Live at Blue Note Tokyo (CT Music 2009)
 * Danilo Caymmi, Cheiro Verde Ana (Terra, 1977)
 * Chicago, Chicago 13 (Columbia, 1979)
 * Billy Cobham, Drum 'n' Voice 2 (Nicolosi, 2006)
 * Michel Colombier, Michel Colombier (Chrysalis, 1979)
 * Norman Connors, Dance of Magic (Cobblestone, 1972)
 * Hank Crawford, Help Me Make it Through the Night (Kudu, 1972)
 * Al Di Meola, Cielo e Terra (Manhattan, 1985)
 * Al Di Meola, Soaring Through a Dream (Manhattan, 1985)
 * Eumir Deodato, Prelude (CBS, 1973)
 * Eumir Deodato, The Crossing (Soul Trade, 2011)
 * Depeche Mode, Exciter (Mute, 2001)
 * Depeche Mode, Freelove (Mute, 2001)
 * Joao Donato, Donato Deodato (Muse, 1973)
 * Christy Doran, Shaman (M.E.L.T., 2000)
 * Gil Evans, Where Flamingos Fly (Artists House, 1981)
 * Joe Farrell, Outback (CTI, 1971)
 * Joe Farrell, Night Dancing (Warner Bros., 1978)
 * Reinhard Flatischler, Layers of Time (Intuition, 1996)
 * Frank Foster, The Loud Minority (Mainstream, 1972)
 * Dizzy Gillespie, Live at the Royal Festival Hall (Enja, 1990)
 * Dizzy Gillespie, Rhythmstick (CTI, 1990)
 * Egberto Gismonti, Trem Caipira (EMI, 1985)
 * Jim Hall, Where Would I Be? (Milestone, 1972)
 * Lani Hall, Double or Nothing (A&M, 1979)
 * Herbie Hancock, Dis Is da Drum (Mercury, 1994)
 * Joe Henderson, Black Is the Color (Milestone, 1972)
 * Terumasa Hino, Double Rainbow (CBS/Sony, 1981)
 * Paul Horn, Brazilian Images (Black Sun, 1991)
 * Toninho Horta, Terra Dos Passaros (EMI, 1980)
 * Bobby Hutcherson, Color Schemes (Landmark, 1986)
 * Jackie & Roy, Time & Love (CTI, 1972)
 * Keith Jarrett, Expectations (Columbia, 1972)
 * Alphonso Johnson, Moonshadows (Epic, 1976)
 * Alphonso Johnson, Metaphors (Embamba Music, 2017)
 * J. J. Johnson and Kai Winding, Betwixt & Between (A&M/CTI, 1969)
 * Chaka Khan, Chaka (Warner Bros., 1978)
 * Masabumi Kikuchi, Susto (CBS/Sony, 1981)
 * Masabumi Kikuchi, One-Way Traveller (CBS/Sony, 1982)
 * John Klemmer, Arabesque (ABC, 1978)
 * John Klemmer, Brazilia (ABC, 1979)
 * Steve Kuhn, Steve Kuhn (Buddah, 1971)
 * Madala Kunene, Kon'Ko Man (B&W Music, 1996)
 * Nils Landgren, Paint It Blue (ACT 1996)
 * Indra Lesmana, For Earth and Heaven (Zebra, 1986)
 * Edu Lobo, Sergio Mendes Presents Lobo (A&M, 1970)
 * The Manhattan Transfer, The Chick Corea Songbook (2009)
 * Rick Margitza, Color (Blue Note, 1989)
 * Rick Margitza, Hope (Blue Note, 1991)
 * Tania Maria, Forbidden Colors (Capitol, 1988)
 * Cesar Camargo Mariano, Octeto De Cesar Camargo Mariano (Som Maior, 1965)
 * Charlie Mariano, Mirror (Atlantic, 1972)
 * Gary McFarland, Today (Skye, 1970)
 * John McLaughlin, My Goal's Beyond (Douglas, 1971)
 * Gary Meek, Gary Meek (Lipstick, 1991)
 * Sergio Mendes, Primal Roots (A&M, 1972)
 * Joni Mitchell, Don Juan's Reckless Daughter (Asylum, 1977)
 * Milton Nascimento, Courage (A&M, 1969)
 * Milton Nascimento, Milton (A&M, 1976)
 * Jose Neto, Mountains and the Sea (Water Lily, 1986)
 * Jose Neto, In Memory of Thunder (B&W Music, 1996)
 * Lee Oskar, My Road Our Road (Avenue, 1981)
 * Lee Oskar, Reflections (Tokuma, 1999)
 * Babatunde Olatunji, Dance to the Beat of My Drum (Blue Heron, 1986)
 * Babatunde Olatunji, Drums of Passion (Rykodisc, 1988)
 * Hermeto Pascoal, Hermeto (Cobblestone, 1970)
 * Hermeto Pascoal, Slaves Mass (Warner Bros., 1977)
 * Annette Peacock, I'm the One (RCA Victor, 1972)
 * Ivo Perelman, Ivo (King, 1989)
 * Esther Phillips, From a Whisper to a Scream (Kudu, 1971)
 * David Pomeranz, Time to Fly (Decca, 1971)
 * Michel Portal, Birdwatcher (Sunnyside, 2007)
 * Quarteto Novo, Quarteto Novo (EMI, 1993)
 * Dianne Reeves, Dianne Reeves (Blue Note, 1987)
 * Dianne Reeves, Quiet After the Storm (Blue Note, 1994)
 * Lawson Rollins, Infinita (Infinita 2008)
 * Lawson Rollins, Espirito (2010)
 * Charlie Rouse, Two Is One (Strata-East, 1974)
 * Santana, Borboletta (Columbia, 1974)
 * Santana, Dance of the Rainbow Serpent (Columbia, 1995)
 * Seawind, Seawind (A&M, 1980)
 * Don Sebesky, Giant Box (CTI, 1973)
 * Lonnie Smith, Mama Wailer (Kudu, 1971)
 * Raul de Souza, Sweet Lucy (Capitol, 1977)
 * Raul de Souza, Don't Ask My Neighbors (Capitol, 1978)
 * James Taylor, That's Why I'm Here (Columbia, 1985)
 * Buddy Terry, Pure Dynamite (Mainstream, 1972)
 * Leon Thomas, Blues and the Soulful Truth (Flying Dutchman, 1972)
 * McCoy Tyner, 13th House (Milestone, 1982)
 * Tina Turner, Rough (United Artists, 1978)
 * Marcos Valle, Vontade de Rever Voce (Som Livre 1981)
 * Geraldo Vandre, 5 Anos De Cancao (Som Maior, 1966)
 * Miroslav Vitous, Magical Shepherd (Warner Bros., 1976)
 * Narada Michael Walden, Awakening (Atlantic, 1979)
 * Walter Wanderley, Moondreams (A&M/CTI, 1969)
 * Leon Ware, Leon Ware (Be With 2014)
 * Weather Report, Weather Report (Columbia, 1971)
 * Randy Weston, Blue Moses (CTI, 1972)
 * Michael White, The X Factor (Elektra, 1978)
 * Lauren Wood, Cat Trick (Warner Bros., 1981)
 * Peter Yarrow, Peter (Warner Bros., 1972)
 * Brian Bromberg, In the Spirit of Jobim (Mack Avenue, 2012)
 * Tommy Bolin, Teaser (nemperor, 1975)

Filmography

 * 2006: Airto & Flora Purim: The Latin Jazz All-Stars

title: Airto Moreira