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Santonin

Santonin is a drug which was widely used in the past as an anthelminthic. It is an organic compound consisting of colorless flat prisms, turning slightly yellow from the action of light and soluble in alcohol, chloroform and boiling water.

According to the US Pharmacopoeia, santonin occurs "in colorless, shining, flattened, prismatic crystals, odorless and nearly tasteless when first put in the mouth, but afterward developing a bitter taste; not altered by exposure to air, but turning yellow on exposure to light. Nearly insoluble in cold water; soluble in 40 parts of alcohol at 15 °C. (59 °F.), in 250 parts of boiling water, and in 8 parts of boiling alcohol; also soluble in 140 parts of ether, in 4 parts of chloroform, and in solutions of caustic alkalies. When heated to 170 °C. (338 °F.), santonin melts, and forms, if rapidly cooled, an amorphous mass, which instantly crystallizes oil coming in contact with a minute quantity of one of its solvents. At a higher temperature, it sublimes partly unchanged, and, when ignited, it is consumed, leaving no residue. Santonin is neutral to litmus paper moistened with alcohol. Santonin yields, with an alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide, a bright pinkish-red liquid, which gradually becomes colorless. From its solution in caustic alkalies, santonin is completely precipitated by supersaturation with an acid".

Isolation
It is derived from santonica (the unexpanded flower-heads of Artemisia maritima var. stechmanniana). Others refer to A. cina or A. chamaemelifolia as being the derivative species.

The determination of the structure of santonin was the subject of intense early work. The initial photoproduct obtained from santonin is lumisantonin. In this rearrangement, the C-3 carbonyl group moves to C-2, the C-4 methyl moves to C-1, and the C-10 carbon inverts.

Anthelminthic use
Santonin paralyzes parasitic worms (helminths), allowing them to be passed out of the body. Santonin has the effect of paralyzing the anterior (front) end of the worm, while having a stimulant effect on the posterior end, depending on the concentration. Because of this, the worm cannot coordinate itself, and loses its ability to maintain its position in the host. By using a purgative, the worm can easily be passed out. Experiments in the 1880s showed that even after 40 hours, santonin had no lethal effect on roundworms using a saturated solution in dilute alkali.

Santonin was formerly listed in U.S. and British pharmacopoeia, but it has fallen out of use with the development of safer ascaricides and is no longer registered as a drug in most countries.

Reactions and properties
Santonin can be converted to santonic acid (C15H20O4) via based-catalyzed hydrolysis followed by a multistep rearrangement process.

Santonin dissolves in alkalies with formation of salts of this carboxylic acid. Santonin, in acetic acid solution, when exposed to sunlight for about a month, is converted into (colorless) photosantonic acid (C15H22O5) which is generally regarded as less toxic. The ethyl ester of the latter is obtained when an alcoholic solution of santonin is exposed to sunlight (Sestini). A yellow coloration is developed upon exposure of santonin to light. Santonin is optically levorotatory.

Proposed biosynthesis
The full biosynthesis of α-santonin has not been elucidated but α-santonin bears much similarity to parthenolide. The proposed biosynthesis begins with the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to (+)-germacrene A by a sesquiterpene synthase. (+)-germacrene A hydroxylase then hydroxylates the isopropenyl side chain. The oxidation of germacratrien-12-ol to germacratrien-12-oic acid via the intermediate germacratrien-12-al is done by NADP+-dependent dehydrogenase(s). Germacratrien-12-oic acid is then hydroxylated at C6 subsequently followed by lactonization forming (+)-costunolide.

It was proposed that the methylene of (+)-Costunolide is reduced before the second ring closure. The bicyclic decalin ring system is formed via the eudesmyl cation followed by hydroxylation at C1. Further oxidation at C3 forms the β-ketohydroxyl which upon elimination of H2O completes the proposed biosynthetic pathway of α-santonin.

Photochemistry
The chemistry of α-santonin upon exposure to sunlight has the distinction of being the first reported organic photochemical reaction. Trommsdorff reported in 1834 that crystals of α-santonin first turned yellow upon exposure to sunlight before "exploding". The product of this solid-phase reaction was identified by Matsuura in 1968 as the product of photorearrangement, followed by a lattice-controlled Diels–Alder reaction and [2+2]-photocycloaddition. On the other hand, exposure to light in the solution phase results in the formation of monomeric skeletal rearrangement products. The mechanism of the photodimerization has been investigated in detail.

Historical pharmacological use
Santonin was developed in the 1830s by German chemists by extracting the chemical from Artemisia cina, a plant from Turkmenistan. At the time Artemisia was often used as an antihelminthic remedy, and as a perennial it was widely accessible. A common remedy at the time used an infusion of 5-10 g herb in 500ml water. Castor oil could be used to help the expulsion process. It was reported that by 1843 candy lozenges were available in Germany which contained santonin.

Santonin was used from the mid-19th century to the 1950s as an anthelminthic, typically administered with a purgative. Santonin was used in treatment of infestation by the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides and in ascarid parasitoses in general (including threadworm parasitosis). It is ineffective in treatment of tapeworm infestation.

Santonin was often found as a major ingredient of patent remedies for intestinal worms. It was sold in numerous formulations with varying degrees of effectiveness, such as worm lozenges, powders, syrups, and tonics.

It was reported by an official of the Eastern & Russian Trading Company that during 1926, Japanese manufacturers were mixing santonin into nearly all pastry, confections, and tonics as part of a government-sponsored effort to eradicate intestinal parasites; Japan at the time imported five tons of santonin from Russia annually.

The Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) notes that the typical dose was 2 to 5 grams. (This was a total dose; many regimens called for 3 doses daily over 3 days, and the "3 teaspoons 3 times a day for 3 days" regimen was typical around the '50s when use of santonin was starting to wane; actual doses per dose were closer to 20-30 milligrams per adult dose in a typical "'50s regimen", but "one-shot" doses of santonin (especially via suppository) were common in the late 19th century-early 20th century.) The only formerly registered British preparation (as of 1911) was the "trochiscus santonini" (santonin lozenge), but the preparation "sodii santoninas" (soda of santonin) was also formerly listed as an official preparation in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia. Commercial preparations containing santonin (usually containing a purgative laxative as well) also appeared in US drug formularies as late as the '50s; the Modern Drug Encyclopedia and Therapeutic Index of 1955 listed Lumbricide (produced by Massengill) and a generic santonin preparation made by Winthrop-Stearns (now Winthrop-Sanofi).

Santonin also was used in a lesser extent in treatment of atony of the bladder. This usage largely dropped off after the early 20th century.

Dosage forms varied for santonin; in the 19th-20th centuries, santonin lozenges or suppositories designed for single-dosage treatment of ascarid infestation were the typical form of treatment, whilst in the 1950s the two remaining santonin preparations on the market in the United States were liquid medications.

Hazards and difficulty of use of santonin
Santonin was an agent that (compared to more modern anthelminthic drugs) was very complicated to use and entailed rather serious risk to the patient. Nearly every formulary and herbal which lists santonin or santonin-containing plants lists the real risk of yellow vision and of fatal reactions; even small doses of santonin cause disturbances of vision, usually yellow vision or perhaps green (xanthopsia or chromatopsia). Even the Encyclopædia Britannica noted: ...These effects usually pass off in a few days. Large doses, however, produce toxic effects, aphasia, muscular tremors and epileptiform convulsions, and the disturbances of vision may go on to total blindness. More typical is the warning given regarding side effects of santonin in King's American Dispensatory: Santonin is an active agent, and, in improper doses, is capable of producing serious symptoms, and even death. As small a dose as 2 grains is said to have killed a weakly child of 5 years, and 5 grains produced death in about 1/2 hour in a child of the same age. Among the toxic effects may be mentioned gastric pain, pallor and coldness of the surface, followed by heat and injection of the head, tremors, dizziness, pupillary dilatation, twitching of the eyes, stertor, copious sweating, hematuria, convulsive movements, tetanic cramps stupor, and insensibility. Occasionally symptoms resembling cholera morbus have been produced, and in all cases the urine presents a characteristic yellowish or greenish-yellow hue. We have observed convulsions caused by the administration of "worm lozenges." Death from santonin is due to respiratory paralysis, and post-mortem examination revealed in one instance a contracted and empty right ventricle, and about an ounce of liquid, black blood in the left heart, an inflamed duodenum, and inflamed patches in the stomach (Kilner). . . . Santonin often produces a singular effect upon the vision, causing surrounding objects to appear discolored, as if they were yellow or green, and occasionally blue or red; it also imparts a yellow or green color to the urine, and a reddish-purple color if that fluid be alkaline. Prof. Giovanni was led to believe that the apparent yellow color of objects observed by the eye, when under the influence of santonin, did not depend upon an elective action on the optic nerves, but rather to the yellow color which the drug itself takes when exposed to the air. Santonin colored by the air does not produce this effect, which only follows the white article. The air gives the yellow color to santonin, to passed urine containing it, and to the serum of the blood when drawn from a vein, and, according to Giovanni, it is owing to its direct action upon the aqueous humor, where it is carried by absorption, that objects present this color. The view now held, however, is that of Rose, that the alkaline serum dissolves the santonin, which then acts upon the perspective centers of the brain, producing the chromatopsia or xanthopsia. At least one modern herbal has also noted these same severe side effects of santonin.

Even were it not for the fact that santonin is among the most toxic of herbal anthelminthic drugs, deworming using santonin is complicated in comparison to more modern anthelminthics. Typically, santonin must be taken whilst fasting completely (both before and after taking the drug) for "single dose" regimens or on a full stomach with all fats and oils in the diet being avoided for 2–3 days before treatment as well as during treatment and 2–3 days afterwards (due to santonin being fat soluble and having an increased risk of side effects); after a course of santonin, a purgative must be given to cleanse the body of the dead worms. (The two remaining registered santonin preparations in the United States as of 1955 were in fact santonin/purgative combinations; Lumbricide contained santonin and senna (among other ingredients) and the Winthrop-Stearns generic preparation was a santonin/cascara sagrada combination drug.)

Due to the severe side effects (even when used as directed), the need for a purgative, and the development of many safer deworming drugs, santonin has largely fallen out of use. Typically mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate are used in modern pharmacopoeia practice where santonin was formerly used; even guides on holistic medicine strongly recommend avoiding the use of santonin due to its severe and occasionally fatal side effects and the availability of far safer anthelminthics. The Council Directive 65/65 European Economic Community (EEC) (in regards to pharmaceuticals and naturopathic preparations) has officially ruled santonin preparations to have an "unacceptable" risk-benefit ratio and preparations containing santonin are no longer eligible for registration in EU countries.

Santonin and absinthe
While absinthe is certainly more infamous for its content of thujone, the liquor does also contain small amounts of santonin. It has been speculated by some parties that Impressionist art—in particular, Van Gogh's artwork—may have been inspired not by thujone and its presumed psychotropic effects, but on the "yellow vision" or xanthopsia which is a known side effect of santonin. This has been disputed, however, most notably by Arnold and Loftus (1991) who have noted the santonin content would have been insufficient to cause xanthopsia.

title: Santonin


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User talk:Rivimey

Welcome!

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Your submission at Articles for creation: Louis Mesmer (March 5)
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title: User talk:Rivimey


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Pressure gradient

In hydrodynamics and hydrostatics, the pressure gradient (typically of air but more generally of any fluid) is a physical quantity that describes in which direction and at what rate the pressure increases the most rapidly around a particular location. The pressure gradient is a dimensional quantity expressed in units of pascals per metre (Pa/m). Mathematically, it is the gradient of pressure as a function of position. The gradient of pressure in hydrostatics is equal to the body force density (generalised Stevin's Law).

In petroleum geology and the petrochemical sciences pertaining to oil wells, and more specifically within hydrostatics, pressure gradients refer to the gradient of vertical pressure in a column of fluid within a wellbore and are generally expressed in pounds per square inch per foot (psi/ft). This column of fluid is subject to the compound pressure gradient of the overlying fluids. The path and geometry of the column is totally irrelevant; only the vertical depth of the column has any relevance to the vertical pressure of any point within its column and the pressure gradient for any given true vertical depth.

Physical interpretation
The concept of a pressure gradient is a local characterisation of the air (more generally of the fluid under investigation). The pressure gradient is defined only at these spatial scales at which pressure (more generally fluid dynamics) itself is defined.

Within planetary atmospheres (including the Earth's), the pressure gradient is a vector pointing roughly downwards, because the pressure changes most rapidly vertically, increasing downwards (see vertical pressure variation). The value of the strength (or norm) of the pressure gradient in the troposphere is typically of the order of 9 Pa/m (or 90 hPa/km).

The pressure gradient often has a small but critical horizontal component, which is largely responsible for wind circulation in the atmosphere. The horizontal pressure gradient is a two-dimensional vector resulting from the projection of the pressure gradient onto a local horizontal plane. Near the Earth's surface, this horizontal pressure gradient force is directed from higher toward lower pressure. Its particular orientation at any one time and place depends strongly on the weather situation. At mid-latitudes, the typical horizontal pressure gradient may take on values of the order of 10−2 Pa/m (or 10 Pa/km), although rather higher values occur within meteorological fronts.

Weather and climate relevance
Interpreting differences in air pressure between different locations is a fundamental component of many meteorological and climatological disciplines, including weather forecasting. As indicated above, the pressure gradient constitutes one of the main forces acting on the air to make it move as wind. Note that the pressure gradient force points from high towards low pressure zones. It is thus oriented in the opposite direction from the pressure gradient itself.

In acoustics
In acoustics, the pressure gradient is proportional to the sound particle acceleration according to Euler's equation. Sound waves and shock waves can induce very large pressure gradients, but these are oscillatory, and often transitory disturbances.

title: Pressure gradient


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Selkirk Steelers

The Selkirk Steelers are a Junior "A" ice hockey team from Selkirk, Manitoba, Canada. They are members of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League, a part of the Canadian Junior Hockey League and Hockey Canada.

History
Junior "A" hockey in Selkirk dates back to at least 1918, the founding of the MJHL. As one of the original members of the MJHL, the Selkirk Fishermen became the second Turnbull Cup, MJHL Champions by winning the 1920 playoffs. The Fishermen were crowned Western Junior "A" Champions and given the Abbott Cup. They moved on to the Memorial Cup for the national championship, but were defeated by the Toronto Canoe Club Paddlers. The 1920 Selkirk Fishermen were inducted into the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame in the team category.

In 1967, the Steelers joined the new Central Manitoba Junior Hockey League. The Steelers won the CMJHL title in its first year, but lost to the MJHL champion St. James Canadians in the Turnbull Cup finals. The CMJHL merged with the MJHL after only one year.

To date, the Steelers have won a total of ten MJHL Turnbull Cup Championships. Three of these championship teams went on to win the Anavet Cup. The 1973-74 season was the Steelers' most successful season. which saw them win the MJHL title and then defeat the Prince Albert Raiders 4-games-to-2 to win the Anavet Cup. They went on to compete for the Abbott Cup against the Kelowna Buckaroos of the British Columbia Junior Hockey League and defeated them 4-games-to-3. This advanced the Steelers to the national championship against the Smiths Falls Bears of the Central Junior A Hockey League for the Manitoba Centennial Cup, the National Junior "A" Championship. The series went seven games, with the Steelers stealing Game 7 1-0 in overtime to clinch their first and, so far, only national title. The 1974 Selkirk Steelers were inducted into the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame in the team category.

The Steelers last captured the MJHL championship in 2006-07. The Steelers defeated the Humboldt Broncos of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League four games to three for the Anavet Cup and advanced to the 2007 Royal Bank Cup, but were unable to advance past the round robin.

Season-by-season record
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against

Playoffs

 * 1971 Lost semi-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-2
 * Kenora Muskies defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1

 * 1972 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-none

 * 1973 Lost quarter-final
 * Kenora Muskies defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-2

 * 1974 Won League, won Anavet Cup, won Abbott Cup, won 1974 Centennial Cup
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-3
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated West Kildonan North Stars 4-games-to-1 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Prince Albert Raiders (SJHL) 4-games-to-2 ANAVET CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Kelowna Buckaroos (BCJHL) 4-games-to-3 ABBOTT CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Smiths Falls Bears (CJHL) 4-games-to-3 CENTENNIAL CUP CHAMPIONS

 * 1975 Won League, won Anavet Cup, lost Abbott Cup
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-1
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated West Kildonan North Stars 4-games-to-3 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Swift Current Broncos (SJHL) 4-games-to-none ANAVET CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Spruce Grove Mets defeated Selkirk Steelers (AJHL) 4-games-to-2

 * 1976 Won League, lost Anavet Cup
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-1
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Brandon Travellers 4-games-to-1
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated West Kildonan North Stars 4-games-to-none MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Prince Albert Raiders (SJHL) defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1

 * 1977 Lost quarter-final
 * Brandon Travellers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-3

 * 1978 Lost semi-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-none
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-3

 * 1979 Won League, lost Anavet Cup
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Brandon Travellers 4-games-to-2
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-none
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Kildonan North Stars 4-games-to-2 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Prince Albert Raiders defeated Selkirk Steelers 3-games-to-1 and a default

 * 1980 Won League, won Turnbull Cup, lost Anavet Cup
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Kenora Thistles 4-games-to-none
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-1
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Kildonan North Stars 4-games-to-none MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Thompson King Miners (NJHL) 3-games-to-none TURNBULL CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Prince Albert Raiders (SJHL) defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-2

 * 1981 Lost final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Kildonan North Stars 4-games-to-none
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-1
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1

 * 1982 Lost semi-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-none
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-none

 * 1983 Lost quarter-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-3

 * 1984 Won League, won Turnbull Cup, lost Anavet Cup
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-1
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-1
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Kildonan North Stars 4-games-to-1 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Flin Flon Bombers (NJHL) 4-games-to-1 TURNBULL CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Weyburn Red Wings (SJHL) defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-2

 * 1985 Won League, won Turnbull Cup, lost Anavet Cup
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-1
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-1
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winnipeg South Blues 4-games-to-1 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Thompson King Miners (NJHL) 3-games-to-none TURNBULL CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Estevan Bruins (SJHL) defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1

 * 1986 Lost final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-1
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-2
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-none

 * 1987 ''Won League, lost Anavet Cup
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-2
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-3
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winnipeg South Blues 4-games-to-3 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Humboldt Broncos (SJHL) defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-none

 * 1988 Lost quarter-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1

 * 1989 Lost final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-3
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-1
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-none

 * 1990 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1

 * 1991 Lost quarter-final
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Selkirk Steelers

 * 1992 Lost quarter-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Selkirk Steelers

 * 1993 Lost quarter-final
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-none

 * 1994 DNQ
 * 1995 DNQ
 * 1996 Lost quarter-final
 * St. James Canadians defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-3

 * 1997 Lost semi-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-3
 * St. James Canadians defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-none

 * 1998 Lost quarter-final
 * St. James Canadians defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-2

 * 1999 Lost quarter-final
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1

 * 2000 Lost quarter-final
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-2

 * 2001 Lost quarter-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1

 * 2002 Lost quarter-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1

 * 2003 Lost quarter-final
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-2

 * 2004 Won League, lost Anavet Cup
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winnipeg South Blues 4-games-to-3
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winnipeg Saints 4-games-to-2
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Portage Terriers MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Kindersley Klippers (SJHL) defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-3

 * 2005 Lost final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winnipeg Saints 4-games-to-1
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winnipeg South Blues 4-games-to-3
 * Portage Terriers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-2

 * 2006 Lost semi-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winnipeg Saints 4-games-to-2
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-none

 * 2007 Won League, won Anavet Cup, lost in 2007 Royal Bank Cup round robin
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-1
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winnipeg Saints 4-games-to-none
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-1 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Humboldt Broncos (SJHL) 4-games-to-3 ANAVET CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Fifth and eliminated from 2007 Royal Bank Cup round robin (0-4)

 * 2008 Lost quarter-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1

 * 2009 Lost final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-2
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winnipeg Saints 4-games-to-2
 * Portage Terriers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1

 * 2010 Lost quarter-final
 * Winkler Flyers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-2

 * 2011 Lost final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winnipeg Saints 4-games-to-1
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-2
 * Portage Terriers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1

 * 2012 Lost quarter-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-0

 * 2013 DNQ
 * 2014 Lost quarter-final
 * Winnipeg Blues defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1

 * 2015 Lost quarter-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated OCN Blizzard 2-games-to-0
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-0

 * 2016 Lost quarter-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Dauphin Kings 2-games-to-0
 * Portage Terriers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-0

 * 2017 Lost quarter-final
 * Portage Terriers defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-2

 * 2018 Lost quarter-final
 * Virden Oil Capitals defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1

 * 2019 Lost quarter-final
 * Virden Oil Capitals defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-2

 * 2020 DNQ
 * 2021 Playoffs cancelled
 * 2022 Lost quarter-final
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1

 * 2023 DNQ

NHL alumni

 * Murray Anderson
 * Joe Cooper
 * Gerry Hogue
 * Dale Krentz
 * Keith McCambridge
 * Lyle Phair
 * Johnny Sheppard
 * Alex Shibicky
 * Joe Thorsteinson
 * Nick Wasnie
 * Neil Wilkinson
 * Darren Helm
 * Andrew Murray
 * Chuck Arnason
 * Rob Martell (NHL Referee)

title: Selkirk Steelers


text:
K-Gee

Karl Clive Gordon, known by the stage name K-Gee, is a British DJ, producer, rapper and songwriter and former member of the Outlaw Posse.

Gordon was brought up listening to reggae by his father and was inspired to become a DJ after listening to Grandmaster Flash's "The Message" and other early hip-hop tracks.

K-Gee and his friend Bello decided to start Outlaw Posse and one of his demo tapes ended up at Richie Rich and in 1990 the debut single "Party" was released and later the album My Afros on Fire. In 1992, the second album The Oneness of Two Minds in Unison was released, however the band split up and K-Gee returned to being a DJ.

In May 1996, K-Gee met Melanie Blatt and Shaznay Lewis who were formerly in All Saints 1.9.7.5., and wanted to relaunch their group with their new-found bandmembers Natalie and Nicole Appleton. Together they recorded "I Know Where It's At" and after All Saints managed to land a recording contract, he co-wrote and produced their first album, All Saints. The album turned out to be successful and scored three consecutive number 1 hits in the United Kingdom. K-Gee accompanied them on their tour and was widely regarded as their fifth member.

The success allowed K-Gee to do production and songwriting for other bands as well. K-Gee has worked with TQ, Carl Thomas, Gabrielle, Rod Stewart, Hinda Hicks, Noreaga, George Michael, Pras, Glamma Kid, Jamie Cullum, Jessie J and Esmée Denters.

In 2000, K-Gee signed to independent record label Instant Karma. On 23 October 2000, K-Gee released his debut single "I Don't Really Care", which peaked at No. 22 on the UK Singles Chart. His debut album Bounce to This was released on 7 October 2002.

In 2023, K-Gee began producing the punk outfit, Dogz or Godz.

Albums
Solo
 * Bounce to This (7 October 2002)

With other artists
 * My Afros on Fire with Outlaw Posse (1990)
 * The Oneness of II Minds in Unison with Brothers Like Outlaw (1992)

Singles
Solo
 * "I Don't Really Care" (2000) – UK #22
 * "Stay True" (2001)
 * "Upside Down" (2002) – UK #92

With other bands
 * "The Original Dope!" with Outlaw Posse (1989)
 * "Party" with Outlaw Posse (1990)
 * "Stop the Negativity" with Outlaw Posse (1990)
 * "Party Time" with Outlaw (1992)

Production and remixes

 * All Saints (November 1997) by All Saints
 * New Direction (1998) by Adeva
 * Right Here, Right Now (1999) by Fierce
 * Bills 2 Pay (1999) by Glamma Kid
 * Saints & Sinners (October 2000) by All Saints
 * Open (July 2004) by Shaznay Lewis
 * Outside: The Mixes by George Michael
 * Studio 1 (2006) by All Saints
 * We Run Things (2009) by Jamie Cullum
 * Stand Up (2011) by Jessie J
 * Screaming Out Loud (2012) by Esmée Denters

title: K-Gee


text: Category:Electronic engineering

title: Category:Electronic engineering


text:
Steinbach Pistons

The Steinbach Pistons are a Junior "A" ice hockey team from Steinbach, Manitoba, Canada. They are members of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League, which is a member of the Canadian Junior Hockey League.

Southeast Thunderbirds/T-Birds/Blades
The MJHL granted an expansion team to the Southeast Tribal Council, a group of First Nation bands in southeastern Manitoba, to begin play in the 1988–89 season. The team was known as the Southeast Thunderbirds and played out of the Notre Dame Arena in Winnipeg. The team was renamed the Southeast Blades in 1992. After taking a leave of absence for the 1996–97 season, the Blades moved northeast of Winnipeg to Sagkeeng First Nation. The Blades played ten seasons in Sagkeeng, the most successful being the 2002–03 season when they advanced to the Turnbull Cup finals which they lost to the OCN Blizzard.

Beausejour Blades
The Beausejour Blades were formed in 2007 following the sale and relocation of the team to the Sun Gro Centre in Beausejour. The move did not improve the team's fortunes; the Blades managed to win only 13 games over the two seasons of their existence.

Steinbach Pistons
During the 2009 Allan Cup in Steinbach, Manitoba, the City of Steinbach, together with Blades management, announced that the team would be relocating to the T.G. Smith Centre in Steinbach for the 2009–10 MJHL season. The team was renamed the Steinbach Pistons, in recognition of the city's reputation as "The Automobile City". Steinbach was previously home to a MJHL team called the Hawks from 1985 to 1988.

Despite the team's improved record after the move to Steinbach, the Pistons failed to qualify for the playoffs in each of their first three seasons. The team's continued poor performance and strained financial position spurred a group of investors from the local business community to purchase the Pistons in 2012 and convert it to a community-owned organization. The next season, the Pistons ended the franchise's ten year playoff drought and captured their first Turnbull Cup.

The Pistons enjoyed their best season in 2017-2018 when the team won its second Turnbull Cup, defeated the Nipawin Hawks to win the ANAVET Cup, and qualified for the 2018 Royal Bank Cup.

Season-by-season record
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against

Playoffs

 * 1989 DNQ
 * 1990 Lost div semi-final
 * Kildonan North Stars defeated Southeast Thunderbirds 4-games-to-none

 * 1991 DNQ
 * 1992 DNQ
 * 1993 DNQ
 * 1994 Lost div semi-final
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated Southeast Blades 4-games-to-1

 * 1995 Lost div semi-final
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated Southeast Blades 4-games-to-none

 * 1996 DNQ
 * 1997 Did Not Participate
 * 1998 DNQ
 * 1999 DNQ
 * 2000 DNQ
 * 2001 DNQ
 * 2002 DNQ
 * 2003 Lost final
 * Southeast Blades defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-3
 * Southeast Blades defeated Winnipeg South Blues 4-games-to-1
 * OCN Blizzard defeated Southeast Blades 4-games-to-none

 * 2004 DNQ
 * 2005 DNQ
 * 2006 DNQ
 * 2007 DNQ
 * 2008 DNQ
 * 2009 DNQ
 * 2010 DNQ
 * 2011 DNQ
 * 2012 DNQ
 * 2013 Won League, lost in 2013 Western Canada Cup round robin
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-3
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Winnipeg Blues 4-games-to-2
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-2 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Fifth and eliminated from 2013 Western Canada Cup round robin (0-4)

 * 2014 Lost division final
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Portage Terriers 4-games-to-3
 * Winnipeg Blues defeated Steinbach Pistons 4-games-to-1

 * 2015 Lost final
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-0
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Winnipeg Blues 4-games-to-1
 * Portage Terriers defeated Steinbach Pistons 4-games-to-0

 * 2016 Lost final
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-0
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-3
 * Portage Terriers defeated Steinbach Pistons 4-games-to-1

 * 2017 Lost semi-final
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-2
 * Portage Terriers defeated Steinbach Pistons 4-games-to-2

 * 2018 Won League, won ANAVET Cup
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-0
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Winnipeg Blues 4-games-to-2
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Virden Oil Capitals 4-games-to-2 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Nipawin Hawks 4-games-to-2 ANAVET CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Fifth and eliminated from 2018 Royal Bank Cup round robin (0-2-2)

 * 2019 Lost semi-final
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Winnipeg Blues 4-games-to-2
 * Swan Valley Stampeders defeated Steinbach Pistons 4-games-to-2

 * 2020 Won quarter-final
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Winnipeg Blues 4-games-to-0
 * Remainder of season cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic

 * 2021 Playoffs cancelled
 * 2022
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Virden Oil Capitals 4-games-to-2
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Steinbach Pistons 4-games-to-3

 * 2023 Won League
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-3
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Swan Valley Stampeders 4-games-to-2
 * Steinbach Pistons defeated Virden Oil Capitals 4-games-to-1 MJHL CHAMPIONS

Head coaches
The following is a list of the franchise's head coaches:

• Wayne Babych, 1988-90

• Rick Buffie, 1990-91

• Bob Cook, 1991-92

• Gord Malinoski, 1992

• Don MacGillivray, 1992-93

• David Roulston, 1993-95

• Dan Gregovski, 1995

• Dan Bourbonnais, 1996

• Bruce Schmidt, 1997-99

• Heavy Evason, 1999-2000

• Kelly Zacharias, 2000

• Steve Brown, 2000-01

• Jamie Leach, 2001-03

• Troy Kennedy, 2003-04

• Lyle Loewen, 2004-05

• Ray Neufeld, 2005-07

• Jamie Watts, 2007

• Kurt Walsten, 2007-09

• Rich Gosselin, 2009-11

• Paul Dyck, 2011-present

title: Steinbach Pistons


text:
Anthony E. Zuiker

Anthony E. Zuiker (pronounced ; born August 17, 1968) is an American television writer, television producer, and author. He is best known as the creator of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. He produced all five editions of the CSI franchise: CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, CSI: Miami, CSI: NY, CSI: Cyber and CSI: Vegas. His production company is Dare to Pass.

Besides his work on CSI, he created the murder mystery show Whodunnit?. Zuiker was also the creator of the web series Cybergeddon. He received a 2013 Pioneer Award from the International Digital Emmy Awards for Cybergeddon. In 2011, he launched BlackBoxTV for YouTube. Most recently, Zuiker launched his first animated series for kids, Mysteryopolis, on Nabi tablets.

Life and career
Zuiker was born in Blue Island, Illinois. When he was six months old, his family moved to Las Vegas, Nevada, where his mother, Diana, worked as a blackjack dealer, and his father as a maître d'. Zuiker attended Chaparral High School in Las Vegas, Nevada. He attended Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona, for three years and then transferred to the University of La Verne in La Verne, California, before transferring to the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, where he graduated. During all four years he was involved in competitive forensics, advancing as far as semifinals at the national speech tournament.

His first script named The Runner was given to the William Morris Agency by his high school friend Dustin Lee Abraham (who worked as a runner for the Jewish mob while in high school) and returned with the message "No on writer, no on movie." Zuiker was demoralized stating "I was like, wow that’s a bummer." After initially failing with the William Morris Agency, they sold the script to a Showtime director for a mere $25,000 before the Creative Artists Agency had reviewed it. CAA had found a lucrative buyer but the director refused to sell and instead produced what Abraham felt was a lackluster movie, The Runner, in 1999 (although it starred John Goodman, Courteney Cox, and Ron Eldard).

This early effort led him to pursue scriptwriting as a profession. In a talk at the International Mystery Writers Festival in June 2008, Zuiker said that he was working as a tram driver in Las Vegas when he came up with the idea for the series. He said he was about to go out to play basketball with some friends when his first wife asked him to stay in and watch The New Detectives on the Discovery Channel. "I decided to stay, and that changed everything". He also freely admitted that he knew nothing about writing for TV and therefore his pilot script "broke all the rules," thereby creating the programs' characteristic visual and storytelling styles. His concept was picked up by David Seltzer at Addis/Wechsler who showed it to his manager Margaret Riley and they proceeded to market it to the various agencies. Creative Artists agent Scott Greenberg liked the script and brought him to the attention of Jonathan Littman, president of Jerry Bruckheimer Television, and Zuiker was signed to produce for television. Nina Tassler, then head of drama at CBS successfully pitched the script to her superiors and a contract was signed.

The show's success led a joint venture overall deal with CBS Productions and Alliance Atlantis, which occurred on June 5, 2003.

Criticism
On October 25, 2007, he received the Big Brother Award Austria 2007 in the category of communication and marketing. The jury stated among other things, "The CSI television series present computer surveillance, DNA-analysis and the overthrow of civil rights in an uncritical, trivialized and dangerously onesided kind of way". Furthermore, the rights of people in general and the suspects in particular would be pictured primarily as impediments of investigations.

Personal life
In 1999, he married his first wife, Jennifer Zuiker, with whom he has three sons. The couple later divorced. In 2013, he married schoolteacher Michelle Territo.

Books
On September 8, 2009, Zuiker released Level 26: Dark Origins, a book with associated web-based motion picture and interactive elements which he terms a "digi-novel". Zuiker has produced 20 cinematic cyber-bridges, which readers will be prompted to view online using special codes embedded in the book's text every 20 pages or so. The Level26.com website and online community was created with the help of Miles Beckett, the creator of hit faux vlogger lonelygirl15. "I wanted to tell a story 'too hot' for television while at the same time giving the existing crime reader a different experience, " says Zuiker.

On October 14, 2010, Level 26: Dark Prophecy was released and a third Level 26 book was released in 2011; it was also released as an iPad application, which was designed and developed by Hooray.

Sqweegel, the forensic-proof serial killer from the first Level 26 novel Dark Origins, appeared in a season 11 episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation as the central character.

Zuiker released a personal memoir in 2011, Mr. CSI: How a Vegas Dreamer Made a Killing in Hollywood, One Body at a Time (Harper Collins). He is also the author of Whodunnit?: Murder in Mystery Manor (Hyperion).

Philanthropy
A new school theater is named after him: the Anthony E. Zuiker Theater at the Chaparral High School (Nevada). Zuiker is a 1986 graduate of the school.

title: Anthony E. Zuiker


text:
Ignacio Anaya

Ignacio Anaya García (15 August 1895 – 9 November 1975) was a Mexican maître d' who invented the popular Tex-Mex dish nachos at the Victory Club restaurant a couple miles from the border of Texas in Mexico in 1940. After nachos grew in popularity Anaya was promoted to chef, and he eventually started his own restaurant in the 1960s.

His nickname was Nacho, derived from the Spanish Ignacio, the Spanish version of Ignatius.

Life and career
Born in San Carlos, Manuel Benavides, Chihuahua, Mexico on 15 August 1895, he worked at the Victory Club restaurant in Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, a restaurant close to the US border and popular with Americans from a nearby base during World War II. Anaya created nachos while working there one day in 1943 when a group of US Army wives entered and the chef was nowhere to be found. As recounted by his son:

My father was maître d' and he said 'Let me go quick and fix something for you.' He went into the kitchen, picked up tostadas, grated some cheese on them—Wisconsin cheese, the round one—and put them under the salamander (a broiling unit that browns the top of foods). He pulled them out after a couple of minutes, all melted, and put on a slice of jalapeño.

The dish became so popular, the owner of the Victory Club, Roberto de los Santos, put his creation on the menu as Nacho's Especiales. When the Victory Club closed in 1961, Anaya opened his own restaurant, Nacho's Restaurant, in Piedras Negras.

Anaya married Marie Antoinette Salinas, with whom he had 9 children.

Death and legacy
Anaya died on 9 November 1975, leaving a son, Ignacio Anaya Jr., who went into banking, and 5 other surviving children. Posthumously, he was honored with a bronze plaque in Piedras Negras. To celebrate Anaya's invention, the city of Piedras Negras holds a three-day Nacho Fest every year around October 21, the International Day of the Nacho.

Smithsonian Magazine ranked nachos as a sports stadium favorite in 1976, following the invention of a processed cheese sauce by Frank Liberto. Howard Cosell added to the popularity of nachos during a September 4, 1978 NFL game by weaving "nachos" into his commentary. Although the original nachos contained only three ingredients, nachos can now be found with a wide variety of toppings, reflecting the enduring popularity of Anaya's contribution.

On 15 August 2019, Google honored Anaya with a Doodle celebrating what would have been his 124th birthday.

title: Ignacio Anaya


text:
Dan Wright (baseball)

Jonathan Daniel Wright (born December 14, 1977) is a former professional baseball pitcher. He played all or part of four seasons in Major League Baseball for the Chicago White Sox.

Wright grew up in Batesville, Arkansas and graduated from high school from Sullivan South in Kingsport, Tennessee. He pitched for the University of Arkansas from 1997-99. In 1998, he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Yarmouth-Dennis Red Sox.

Wright was drafted in the 2nd round (64th overall) by the Chicago White Sox. He pitched a 5-hit shutout against the Texas Rangers on May 16, 2002.

title: Dan Wright (baseball)


text:
Talk:Mahoraba

Untitled
Just a little thing about the character Momono Megumi: In the anime, at least, she does seem to have a lot of DVDs, and also to love films, but it is implied that she specifically likes bad films, and that her collection of DVDs is entirely made of just crappy movies (example: In a chapter she goes crazy over watching an obviously badly made school movie whose DVD she even bought to add to her collection). Now, since I have not read the manga, I can't really write anything of it in the article, so I write it down here so that someone who know both stories can confirm if this fact is true in only one or both versions of the series.

Oy, I read up on the manga, and yeah I can confirm that Momono does indeed have a soft spot for bad horror movies in her collection of DVDs. --Tarranon 04:18, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

CGI nurikabe?
Does anyone know anything about the little family of dancing CGI nurikabe that show up everywhere in the anime? Does that represent the author, or what? --Darksasami 20:51, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

I would say that each one represents one of Kozue's personalities. Ever notice that each character has different colored eyes? They are

 * Kozue - blue green
 * Saki - maroon
 * Nanako - yellow
 * Chiyori - green
 * Natsume - purple

which are also the colors of the nurikabe spirits. In the opening, the yellow nurikabe seems to have trouble keeping up with the other four, it has purple eyes too. That could be representative of either Natsume or Nanako. - Squilibob 00:05, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

The nurikabe is the author's self-reference in the manga, so at least the first appearance in the opening animation is supposed to be him. 24.4.105.240 05:38, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Edits by 24.4.105.240
The edits were not vandalism. I don't know why they were reverted to a previous version but I have added them back. They are good and valid content. --Squilibob 06:28, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Manga Title
Manga version's title is just まほらば ("Mahoraba"). "Heartful days" is only appended Anime version. I think that this article is wrong about it. --Kkkdc (@jawiki) 14:30, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

Please help
In Episode 20, Momomo and Sayoko play an unnamed piano and violin duet - is it an actual piece of music, or just something made up for the anime? if it is, there could be a trivia section for it if it references a real piece of music, etc. does anyone know? Dagari 13:15, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

It's the Mendelssohn Violin Concerto in E minor, arranged for violin and piano. Magus Melchior 17:26, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Episode 19 Note?
In episode 19 (Everyone's Day), Yamabuki Tsubasa shows Shiratori a piece of paper showing his theme for their art assignment given by their teacher. This note shocks Shiratori when he reads it. The note is not translated, but on the top of the screen in the fansub, it says to go to http://vagrant.anime.org to see what it says. There is no longer (or ever was) a website with that name. Even if you replace the first dot with a dash. This note shocks Shiratori when he reads it. Does anybody know what that note said?

DreamScenario 19:20, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

The note reads:

My main (theme for) life

(Important) President and Secretary    My Rank SS

(Good!) Tutor and Student    My Rank AAA

(Chance!) Doctor and Patient)    My Rank AA

FluteMan06 (talk) 21:03, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mahoraba


text: Talk:Batzen

title: Talk:Batzen


text:
Talk:Hex168

I've added stuff to it now. It's all good.

Unknowns
It is too early to say that it really is Microsoft, but it sure seems like it. Maybe upload the shots here? DoomBringer 06:10, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Fixed the thing up
This page had some bad grammar and such... I edited it to be better looking, in general. Grammar and content is better. Will add "current events" tag. DoomBringer 22:38, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Notability
Is this article really necessary? Hex 168 is nothing more than a pomotional contest for a product giveaway, not even an "alternate reality game" (yet another term for "marketing ploy"). Aside from the information already mentioned at the Xbox 360 article, the Hex168 article includes nothing but speculation. I'm going to make this into a redirect. --Anetode 23:47, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Full merge
If this is a redirect, why hasn't all content been added to the Launch page?

Hex168 was the name given to the October 2005 viral marketing campaign by Microsoft for its upcoming console, the Xbox 360. Another common phrase for this campaign is the beginning is nigh, which is the title of several of the threads started by the poster named Lutz.

The site featured a countdown, and seems to be the main hub of activity for this alternative reality game. Another site that seems related to this is the site http://www.thebeginningisnigh.com/, which simply redirects to the former site.

It is also relevant to note that 168 when simply converted from hexadecimal to decimal is 360.

The campaign focused on perpetuating a number of images of crop circles over popular Xbox websites which culminated in a link to the afore mentioned site. The page itself was filled with a number of references to '360', from locations with postal codes "360" to the anagram near the top of the page "Hex alert: e-seer prefers yetis" which is an anagram of "Free ThreeSixty pre-releases".

It is speculated that the hex168.blogspot.com site might be a hoax, along with a picture of the symbol on a London bus.

Contest
As revealed on October 18, 2005, the point of Hex168 is a contest to create a picture or short video of those "under the power of the hex." These photos can be of 0, 1, 6, or 30 people, and the videos can be of 6 or 30 people.

title: Talk:Hex168


text:
Talk:Kreuzer

Name?
Neither this article nor the one about the Brazilian cruzeiro mention where the name came from.

Why the cross in the name ?

Can someone expand, pls?70.54.202.152 (talk) 16:25, 15 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Maybe because of the depicted cross? See File:KreuzerBern.jpg. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 05:28, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kreuzer


text:
Talk:GemStone IV

Significance
I fear that a reader unfamiliar with this MUD may not walk away from reading this article understanding how this MUD can be differentiated from other MUDS. I have played this MUD quite some time ago, so I very possibly am biased.

-Long runnning game, contiguously : the article mentions that GS is one of the longest-running games around. I think a key element here is that more importantly, it's as well one of the longest running *contiguous* games. By this I mean that a new player could concievably bump into another player's character who the player has been playing for a decade. This element is a distinctive note, as far as I can tell, and is an impressive thing to consider when thinking about multiplayer games with a persistent world.

-Game world size / amount of content : due to the above, the game world has grown endlessly over the years both of a natural pace and as well to give these players who have been playing some characters for very long periods new content to play. So, again, this isnt a World of Warcraft scenario where you hit lvl 60, so to speak, and do something else. Here, the game world has grown constantly to accomodate very very high level people who have played for a long time. Maybe another way to put it is that you could play this game for 20 hours a week, and probably not run out of content for 7-10 years. This again is a fairly distinctive element, due to the longevity of the game.

-Player culture : this may in fact not be terribly distinctive to GS (I dont really know), but the fact that it is a 100 percent player-vs-player game, combined with the fact that I personally had never actually seen a player do so to another player, is quite intriguing. Simply, this game's player culture is quite strong as I percieve it - to such an extent that anyone can attack anyone at any time, and yet it does not even slightly turn into the choas one might expect. Im sure this as much comes from the games longevity, but whatever the cause, it is a fairly impressive element to the game. Dxco 01:06, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree with you.

 * Uptime - Short of a reboot every once in awhile, the game has been running continuously as you said.

 * Amount of Content - An old figure was that it would take about 500 hours of playing to reach level 20 (which is when you get your lord/lady title). That's because of the stepped experience requirements for levels (10k for 0 to 5, 20k for 6 to 10, 30k for 11 to 15, 40k for 16 to 20).  After that, it was a steady 50k per level.  If you're playing to gain experience only you can gain a little over 1k an hour.  That's due to the necessity of resting between hunts to absorb experience, which might be unique in Simutronics games.  Last I knew, there was a level cap put into place at 100.  This caused a decent stir, as some empaths (healers) were a bit over (around 160 for the highest).

 * Player culture - Yeah, the enforcement was from fellow players and NPC police characters in towns and their immediate surroundings.

 * Another interesting aspect of the game was that you could gain levels without killing anything at all (empaths and clerics once they attain the ability to raise the dead).

 * Maybe we can see what we can do?

 * As long as you can do so while maintaining POV and being factual and informative, sure. Ravenswing 07:13, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm unsure why that comment was necessary.

 * I'm unsure why it would be needful of debate. You do not sound like a current or recent player -- the changes you reference as "last you knew" are two and a half years old now, so I'm sure you can appreciate the need for factual accuracy.  Ravenswing 16:32, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I terminated my account last month. I'm aware of the paladin class, having titled one.  I played a bard until almost title after the paladin.  That's after having a legend cleric.  I personally collected data on and documented many gameplay mechanics - especially mathematical formulae.  I can appreciate the need for factual accuracy.  I do not appreciate being told to maintain an NPOV stance or to be factual or informative - that is implied when adding or editing wikipedia.  I am familiar with wikipedia policy.  I may "not sound like a current or recent player" and the tone of your response does not read as very pleasant.  But that does not MEAN that is the case (in either). ( Unsigned comment posted by 65.78.8.9  12:39, January 23, 2006 )

Expansion of article
I've added significantly to the article, and though I'm no expert at Gemstone, I played it for many years off and on. I hope it incorporates some of the concerns you guys show above, particularly the uniqueness of the gaming culture and how it differs from later MMORPGs. 71.202.122.184Jordan Bowen
 * Looks good; the only thing I changed was an inaccuracy about CoL. Ravenswing 17:59, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

 * You *do* have to flush yourself down the bathhouse toilet to get into CoL. You pull the chain three times and fall through a tunnel. I thought it was an interesting detail. JordanBowen 23:26, 3 September 2006 (UTC)
 * You did have to do that. The original CoL HQ was destroyed, and satellite HQs created in other cities, over three years ago now.  Ravenswing 23:39, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

 * No kidding! That's great, thanks.JordanBowen 03:41, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Heh, and revealing that info would actually be a policy (Simu) violation if you still had an account. Though of course the secret has been out for a while. If anyone needs some help otherwise with this page let me know. I guess some of my characters are among those 10+ year veterans.--Caranorn 22:26, 9 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Well ... revealing that info in-game would be, and it's liable to deletion on the Simu boards. Happily, Wikipedia's remit isn't protecting Simu's game secrets ... Ravenswing 07:07, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

Clean-up
Cleaned up the sections and removed extraneous/redundant detail.

If there's a need to expand the article to include its "Inspiration," etc., as the previous editor indicated, please make the request in Talk rather than leave a blank section with an "Expand" indicator.

 * The article needs pictures and more links, I think, more than it needs extra length, although someone does need to write about the recent changes in the last few years to the game itself, which are significant, and of which I'm ignorant.JordanBowen

 * I think it could be wise to maintain the philosophy of keeping the article in the present tense. That is, avoiding starting with a description of the game, and then endlessly detailing changes over time. The ideal article would always reflect the state of the game, and separately, if deemed necessary, discuss the significant evolutions the game has undergone.Dxco 04:23, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Mmm ... GSIV remains a text-based game, so I'm unsure where any pictures would come, unless Simu's willing to allow its logos and/or artwork to appear. Ravenswing 18:33, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

 * About the only pictures that'd make sense would be screenshots of the front-ends over time (like Railien's already existing shot). But there ain't all that much use for that except to actually document what the game looks like (text scroll). That in turn would require actually performing some useful action sequences. But then again, this would only be interesting for those who've never played a text based game.--Caranorn 21:50, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

Rewriting
This article needs a fairly significant amount of rewriting, I'm sorry to say. I can't really point at the information and say "this is inaccurate," but nor does it really convey the tone of the game. As an example, the section on GMs being called "gods" isn't really accurate, and that whole section implies a much more frivolous GM attitude than there really is. On another note, there's information that isn't really useful -- for example, the section on Voln and CoL? I don't think that a non-Gemstone player would really find it all that useful.

So here's how I see it. First, this article needs some organization. Specifically, I'd like to see a "Technical Information" section, a "History" section, a "Current Status" section, and a long "Gameplay" section. The Gameplay section is the hardest of course -- what's useful to include, and what isn't? Technical, History, and Status are all quite relevent, but how much should be included in Gameplay for Wikipedia? Offhand, I suggest a few subsections: World, Character, Equipment, Combat and Magic, and Roleplay. I'm going to go ahead and put in a couple portions of History, and I'll through a bit of technical information for the moment. I'll keep working on this for the next couple days, but I'd really like to get most of it rewritten to be more "useful" of an entry. As for pictures, I'll inquire and see what can be used. A FE screenshot is almost certainly acceptable, but maybe something else can be thrown in. 71.198.23.171 10:39, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree that the description of the GameMaster staff is inaccurate. While a minority of the game population may call the GMs "gods", the majority respect the policy that GM characters are not in-genre and are therefore not a part of the game.  While it is true that a minority of the game population uses this term colloquially, I don't feel that it's valuable enough to warrant space in the Wikipedia article.  Furthermore, the description of the activities of the GM staff seemed somewhat denigrating, as though events only occur when the staff wants to spurn a troublemaker.

 * I have updated the paragraph discussing interactions with the GameMaster staff to provide a more accurate representation of the interactions in the game. I expanded slightly on the activities and folded in the blurb on Ebon Gate that was previously just a hanger-on to the article.  Clearly additional clean-up is needed, particularly in the Miscellaneous section, which flows poorly and includes a lot of unnecessary detail.  Hopefully this is a start in the right direction.  -anon 141.211.202.142 (talk) 17:52, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

GSII and ten year claim
Concerning that citation needed tag. What kind of citation would you require here, I don't really see how it could be provided. As a note, I personally already fulfill the second statement (I started playing around 1996 (character Carandraug etc.) and still have an open account (among other characters Caranorn), I also know (personally) a dozen or more other players with as long or longer playing history. Concerning the GSII claim I'm not sure, but the only way to confirm this claim might be to ask Simu, alternatively I could ask a few ICEage players, the problem would then be whether that kind of citation would be valid. An alternative might be to ask a long term Simutronics GM (I believe not GSIII, but she should have better contacts to Simu then I do) whom I know to be a moderator here.

But the best might be to hear why that sentence is put in doubt.--Caranorn 20:06, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Sheesh, *I* have been personally playing the game since 1992, and at this point each and every remaining player active at the time Simu went web-based (1996) are ten-year-plus veterans. Heck, as of the moment I type this (I just checked), there are three GEnie-era veteran characters besides my own logged into the game, never mind players of others.  What kind of "citation" does the fellow figure is possible?    Ravenswing  20:28, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

 * And who are these 'GEnie-era' folks?  Send them greetings from 'Delbert' (from beta-testing times).

The character in question from GSII is "Gremlynn wolfsblood," and her status is well known in the game. This is one of those instances where a citation is very difficult, even if it's well known. For example, a simple google search on "gemstone ii gremlynn" will turn up several message board posts confirming her status, but those aren't appropriate citation locations. I suppose a GS player could thrown it up on their webpage for the sole purpose of providing a citation, but that seems to violate the spirit of the citation in the first place. 67.188.29.176 10:06, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Yep a forum wouldn't work, neither I fear would just any website. Best would be Simu's own website (and I doubt they'd give the character name of the player) or an article about GS-II/III/IV. I know I've read the ten year claim regularly in either official Simu documentation and/or articles so we could easily source that. The GS-II bit is the tough one even if it's indeed confirmed.--Caranorn 12:50, 11 April 2007 (UTC)
 * And furthermore some goober would dispute that on the grounds that it wouldn't be an "independent" source.   Ravenswing  13:38, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

Deletion?!?
Why is there a 'Articles for deletion' notice on the article page? I assume it's a mistake, or vandalism, since it seems to be an entirely different article that's up for deletion. However, in case there's something about the deletion process that I don't understand, I'm posting here first. Marieblasdell 22:28, 23 May 2007 (UTC)
 * It's a serious deletion request concerning a large number of games. So I'd recommend anyone with an opinion on the issue go vote or express their opinion on the deletion page.--Caranorn 11:15, 24 May 2007 (UTC)
 * As much to the point, the article needs more references. If anyone has links or citations to published, reliable sources, come forth with them.  Any awards GS has won should also be mentioned and sourced.    Ravenswing  14:37, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

Gemstone series
As the added references talk about Gemstone and Gemstone III and not specifically about Gemstone IV, perhaps this page should represent the whole series? Marasmusine 12:06, 26 May 2007 (UTC)
 * It does represent the entire series, but GS-I through III no longer exist and have transited directly to GS-IV, which is why there'd be little sense in differentiating between them. Essentially the history of GS-IV includes the previous incarnations of the game.--Caranorn 13:28, 26 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I see, thankyou for clarifying that. The content of the article does actually show that, it was just the title that threw me. Marasmusine 09:53, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:GemstoneIV Wizard Screnshot.jpg
Image:GemstoneIV Wizard Screnshot.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 09:07, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Anon IP
I've sent a 3RR caution to the anon IP who seems insistent on writing his own soapbox POV into the article; we'll see, but given his (since deleted) incivility, that this isn't the first POV-driven edit war he's been in this month (see Time Trax) and that he's received vandalism warnings, I have a feeling this'll get to AIV. We can but hope.  Ravenswing  16:29, 12 August 2008 (UTC)

Longest-running MMORPG claim
It was one of the first MMORPGs and is one of the longest running online games still active. The citation following this statement was in 2002. Has the game continued to be persistently active from 2002 to present? If so, a citation for that would be helpful. -kotra (talk) 00:12, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
 * What's the exact definition of a MMORPG? Currently GemStone III has 700 players online during peak times. MUD2 was running back in 1986 while GemStone was launched in 1990 making MUD2 by far a longer running online game, though I don't think MUD2 ever had more than 100 players online during peak time. --Scandum (talk) 14:03, 10 June 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:GemStone IV


text:
Winnipeg Saints

The Winnipeg Saints were a Manitoba Junior Hockey League team based in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The team was known for most of its existence as the St. Boniface Saints and exists today as the Virden Oil Capitals.

History
The St. Boniface Saints were formed in 1967 when the Winnipeg Rangers were purchased by a local group and relocated to St. Boniface. The Saints won three Turnbull Cups as Manitoba Junior 'A' champions (1971, 1981, and 1994), and the Anavet Cup in 1971.

The team became the Winnipeg Saints in 2000 after moving to the Dakota Community Centre in St. Vital, which would be their home until the end of the 2009–2010 season. They played one season out of St. Adolphe arena and then returned to Winnipeg, playing out of the St. James Civic Centre for the 2011–2012 season. In the spring of 2012, the Saints franchise was purchased by a group from Virden and subsequently relocated to the southwestern Manitoba town for the start of the 2012–13 season.

Notable Saints alumni include Mike Ridley, Colton Orr, Russ Romaniuk, and Travis Hamonic.

Season-by-season record
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against

Playoffs

 * 1971 Won League, won Man/Sask Championship, lost Abbott Cup
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated West Kildonan North Stars 4-games-to-3
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-none
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated Kenora Muskies 4-games-to-none MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated Weyburn Red Wings (SJHL) 4-games-to-2 MAN/SASK CHAMPIONS
 * Red Deer Rustlers (AJHL) defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-none

 * 1972 Lost quarter-final
 * West Kildonan North Stars defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-1

 * 1973 Lost semi-final
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated West Kildonan North Stars 9-points-to-7
 * St. James Canadians defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-none

 * 1974 Lost semi-final
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-2
 * West Kildonan North Stars defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-none

 * 1975 Lost quarter-final
 * St. James Canadians defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-none

 * 1976 Lost quarter-final
 * St. James Canadians defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-1

 * 1977 Lost quarter-final
 * Kenora Thistles defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-2

 * 1978 Lost quarter-final
 * Kildonan North Stars defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-1

 * 1979 Lost semi-final
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-1
 * Kildonan North Stars defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-none

 * 1980 Lost quarter-final
 * Kildonan North Stars defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-2

 * 1981 Won League, won Turnbull Cup, lost Anavet Cup
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated Kenora Thistles 4-games-to-none
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-1
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-1 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated Thompson King Miners (NJHL) 3-games-to-none TURNBULL CUP CHAMPIONS
 * Prince Albert Raiders (SJHL) defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-1

 * 1982 Lost semi-final
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-2
 * Fort Garry Blues defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-none

 * 1983 Lost final
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated Kildonan North Stars 4-games-to-none
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated Fort Garry Blues 4-games-to-2
 * Dauphin Kings defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-1

 * 1984 Lost quarter-final
 * Kildonan North Stars defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-none

 * 1985 Lost quarter-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-1

 * 1986 Lost quarter-final
 * St. James Canadians defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-3

 * 1987 Lost semi-final
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated Steinbach Hawks 4-games-to-none
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-none

 * 1988 Lost quarter-final
 * St. James Canadians defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-1

 * 1989 Lost quarter-final
 * Kildonan North Stars defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-none

 * 1990 DNQ
 * 1991 Lost quarter-final
 * St. James Canadians defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-3

 * 1992 Lost quarter-final
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-2

 * 1993 Lost final
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated Selkirk Steelers 4-games-to-none
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated Winnipeg South Blues 4-games-to-1
 * Dauphin Kings defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-none

 * 1994 Won League, lost Anavet Cup
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated Southeast Blades 4-games-to-1
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-1
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-2 MJHL CHAMPIONS
 * Weyburn Red Wings (SJHL) defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-3

 * 1995 Lost semi-final
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated Southeast Blades 4-games-to-none
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-3

 * 1996 Lost quarter-final
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-3

 * 1997 Lost quarter-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-3

 * 1998 Lost quarter-final
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-3

 * 1999 Lost semi-final
 * St. Boniface Saints defeated St. James Canadians 4-games-to-2
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated St. Boniface Saints 4-games-to-3

 * 2000 DNQ
 * 2001 Lost quarter-final
 * Winnipeg South Blues defeated Winnipeg Saints 4-games-to-3

 * 2002 DNQ
 * 2003 DNQ
 * 2004 Lost semi-final
 * Winnipeg Saints defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-2
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winnipeg Saints 4-games-to-2

 * 2005 Lost quarter-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winnipeg Saints 4-games-to-1

 * 2006 Lost quarter-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winnipeg Saints 4-games-to-2

 * 2007 Lost semi-final
 * Winnipeg Saints defeated Winnipeg South Blues 4-games-to-3
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winnipeg Saints 4-games-to-none

 * 2008 Lost final
 * Winnipeg Saints defeated Winnipeg South Blues 4-games-to-1
 * Winnipeg Saints defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-1
 * Portage Terriers defeated Winnipeg Saints 4-games-to-1

 * 2009 Lost semi-final
 * Winnipeg Saints defeated Neepawa Natives 4-games-to-none
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winnipeg Saints 4-games-to-2

 * 2010 Lost final
 * Winnipeg Saints defeated Winnipeg South Blues 4-games-to-none
 * Winnipeg Saints defeated Winkler Flyers 4-games-to-none
 * Dauphin Kings defeated Winnipeg Saints 4-games-to-none

 * 2011 Lost quarter-final
 * Selkirk Steelers defeated Winnipeg Saints 4-games-to-1

 * 2012 Lost final
 * Winnipeg Saints defeated Dauphin Kings 4-games-to-1
 * Winnipeg Saints defeated OCN Blizzard 4-games-to-2
 * Portage Terriers defeated Winnipeg Saints 4-games-to-1

title: Winnipeg Saints


text:
User talk:Andrevan/sandbox

FOo bar == foo bar == foo bar

foo bar
== foo bar ===

foo bar
Try a thread Andre🚐 15:58, 1 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Try another thread Andre🚐 15:58, 1 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Thread em Andre🚐 15:58, 1 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Thread up Andre🚐 15:58, 1 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Trhead Andre🚐 15:58, 1 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Treading water Andre🚐 15:58, 1 September 2022 (UTC)

POW Andre🚐 15:58, 1 September 2022 (UTC) BANG Andre🚐 15:58, 1 September 2022 (UTC)
 * WOOP Andre🚐 15:58, 1 September 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Andrevan/sandbox


text:
Han Suk-kyu

Han Suk-kyu (born November 3, 1964) is a South Korean actor. One of the leading actors of Korean cinema, Han's notable works include Green Fish (1997), No. 3 (1997), Christmas in August (1998), Shiri (1999), The Scarlet Letter (2004), and The President's Last Bang (2005), and Dr. Romantic (2016–2023).

He won the Grand Prize (Daesang) at the 2011 SBS Drama Awards, for his lead role as King Sejong in the historical drama Deep Rooted Tree (2011). He won the Grand Prize (Daesang) Award again in 2016, for his performance as Master Kim in the hit medical drama Dr. Romantic (2016). In 2019, he played the role of police in the drama Watcher. And, he reprised his role in Dr. Romantic 2 (2020).

Life and career
While a student at the Theater and Film department of Dongguk University, he sang in an amateur folk rock band. He took a brief, year-long contract as voice actor at KBS, before moving on to TV and film acting.

After a debut in the 1990 MBC campus drama Our Paradise, Han rose to stardom as "Hong-shik" in The Moon of Seoul (1994), a charming gigolo from the slums determined to attain wealth at all cost in the big city. "Choon-seop", an old friend from hometown played by Choi Min-sik, struggles hopelessly to stop "Hong-shik" from his self-ruin. The partnership of Han and Choi as uneasy allies or foes, parlayed into two flagship films of the 1990s: No. 3 and Shiri. Both the series and "Hong-shik" character have since become beloved icons, as part of the Korean television's golden era before the advent of Korean Wave.

Before the end of the 20th century, Han headlined films that were critically acclaimed (Green Fish, No. 3) and commercially successful (The Contact, Christmas in August, Shiri — the latter two making particular impact in Japan).

Han's experience in the early stages of Korean cinema renaissance in the 1990s, cemented his belief in a script-driven model for movie-making. Thus the founding of "Makdong Script Festival" (named after his role in Green Fish), with co-sponsor film magazine Cine 21. Winners may claim two cash prizes funded by Han, with the potential to launch directing careers based from their own scripts. The annual contest is now extant over 10 years, with two titles produced so far: the comedy 2424 (2002) and Private Eye (2009) starring Hwang Jung-min.

Return
Han went into an extended hiatus in 1999 declining several lucrative opportunities with name directors as he suffered disc problem.

Han returned in 2003 with espionage film Double Agent. The film, which netted one million admissions, was seen as a failure for a star labeled by the media as "box office guarantee." This was followed by a sizable backlash from netizens and the press, who rushed to bury the co-self-produced spy thriller as the public disgrace of a former golden boy.

His press and image took further beating in the next two, even more polarizing films: the unforeseen tragedy surrounding The Scarlet Letter, and the incendiary political content of The President's Last Bang. Nonetheless, these controversial works screened at Cannes, and were featured in a tribute to the actor at the Austrian FilmAsia festival.

Despite this rocky return to feature films, Han remains well regarded by such major directors as Park Chan-wook, Lee Joon-ik, Kang Woo-suk and Jang Jin. Compared to his peak popularity in the 90s, his work may seem an acquired taste for general audiences, although some cult following ensued for his ultra-sadistic turn in A Bloody Aria.

He remained self-managed until as late as 2006, before joining the KM Culture agency due to increased regimentation of the industry. Making 2006 a busy year, Han starred in period sex comedy Forbidden Quest, followed by black comedy film A Bloody Aria and melodrama film Solace. Stylish thrillers followed, where Han starred alongside Cha Seung-won in Eye for an Eye and Son Ye-jin in the adaptation of Keigo Higashino novel of White Night. Han then starred in Villain and Widow with Kim Hye-soo.

Resurgence
Han returned to the spotlight with his performance in historical drama Deep Rooted Tree, where his performance of King Sejong earned him the Grand Award at the 2011 SBS Drama Awards.

In 2013, Han starred in the action thriller film The Berlin File, playing a South Korean agent. He then starred in musical film My Paparotti, playing a music teacher who is stuck in a rut until he meets a delinquent teenager.

He returned to the small screen in historical drama Secret Door, playing King Yeongjo. This was followed by period film The Royal Tailor, about a rivalry between two tailors at the Sanguiwon. However, both projects were less successful.

Han bounced back with the hit medical drama Dr. Romantic, written by acclaimed screenwriter Kang Eun-kyung. The drama garnered over 20% viewership ratings, and Han received positive reviews for his performance. He also won the Grand Prize (Daesang) Award at the 2016 SBS Drama Awards.

Han returned to the big screen in crime drama film The Prison. Han is slated to star in upcoming thrillers Idol and Father's War, and period drama film Astronomy.

In 2019, Han starred in OCN's thriller drama Watcher as a detective.

In 2020, Han reprised his role of Teacher Kim in Dr. Romantic 2.

Image and influence
Known for his distinctive voice and diction, Han has been a long-time mentor to Kam Woo-sung, including coaching the latter's enunciation for his film debut in Marriage is a Crazy Thing. Actors of the younger generation also continue to cite him as an influence; among them: Hwang Jung-min, Ryoo Seung-bum, Kim Myung-min, Kim Joo-hyuk of Blue Swallow, Kim Ji-soo of This Charming Girl, Tsuyoshi Kusanagi (who famously began a second career in Korea after seeing Han in Shiri), Rain, Lee Sung-jae of Barking Dogs Never Bite, TV heartthrob Lee Jin-wook, and the current darling of independent films, Im Ji-kyu. He also remains well respected among major peers for his distinctive style (a cerebral and intricate minimalism driven by semantics and implosive restraint): Kim Hye-soo, Song Kang-ho, Oh Dal-su (especially for their collaboration in Forbidden Quest and A Bloody Aria), Sol Kyung-gu, and Choi Min-sik.

For his part, Han has cited influences by legendary Korean actor Kim Seung-ho, Al Pacino, Ken Takakura, The Godfather trilogy, and Hayao Miyazaki.

Personal life
On November 22, 1998, Han married KBS 21st voice actor Im Myung-ju, whom he dated from the days of the KBS Voice Actor Association. The couple have two sons and two daughters.

title: Han Suk-kyu


text:
Mañjuśrīnāmasamgīti

The Mañjuśrī-Nāma-Saṃgīti  (hereafter, Nama-samgiti) is considered amongst the most advanced teachings given by the Shakyamuni Buddha. It represents the pinnacle of all Shakyamuni Buddha's teachings, being a tantra of the nondual (advaya) class, along with the Kalachakra Tantra.

The Nama-samgiti was preached by Shakyamuni Buddha for his disciple Vajrapani and his wrathful retinue in order to lead them into buddhahood. The essence of the Nama-samgiti is that Manjushri bodhisattva is the embodiment of all knowledge. The Nama-samgiti is a short text, only circa 160 verses and a prose section. It is a fraction of the vast Sutras such as Avatamsaka Sutra and Prajñāpāramitā Sutras or the endless ocean of tantras such as manjushri-mula-kalpa and the mountainous Hinayana teachings and sea of sundry extra-canonical works. And yet, the Nama-samgiti contains all of the Buddha's dharmas. It summarizes everything he taught. As Shakyamuni Buddha says of the Nama-samgiti, it is "the chief clarification of words". It is the "nondual reality". Therefore, all sentient beings should definitely study and recite the manjushri-nama-samgiti.

Alternative titles

 * "manjushrijnanasattvasya-paramartha-namasamgiti" (full Sanskrit title) lit. "The chanting of the names of Manjushri, the embodiment of supreme knowledge"
 * Āryamañjuśrīnāmasaṃgīti ཨཱརྱ་མཉྫུ་ཤྲཱི་ནཱ་མ་སཾ་གི་ཏི

title: Mañjuśrīnāmasamgīti


text:
Louis-Gabriel-Charles Vicaire

Louis Gabriel Charles Vicaire (January 25, 1848 – September 23, 1900) was a French poet.

Life
Vicaire was born at Belfort. He served in the campaign of 1870, and then settled in Paris to practise at the bar, which, however, he soon abandoned for literature.

His work was twice "crowned" by the Académie française, and in 1892 he received the cross of the Legion of Honour. Born in the Vosges, and a Parisian by adoption, Vicaire remained all his life an enthusiastic lover of the country to which his family belonged (in Bresse), spending much of his time at Ambérieu-en-Bugey. His freshest and best work is his Emaux bressans (1884), a volume of poems full of the gaiety and spirit of the old French chansons. Other volumes followed: Le Livre de la patrie, L'Heure enchantée (1890), A la bonne franquette (1892), Au bois joli (1894) and Le Clos des fées (1897).

Vicaire wrote in collaboration with Jules Truffier two short pieces for the stage, Fleurs d'avril (1890) and La Farce du marl refondu (1895); also the Miracle de Saint Nicolas (1888). With his friend Henri Beauclair he produced a parody of the Decadents entitled Les Deliquescences and signed Adoré Floupette. His fame rests on his Emaux bressans and on his Rabelaisian drinking songs; the religious and fairy poems, charming as they often are, carry simplicity to the verge of affectation. Vicaire died in Paris, after a long and painful illness, on 23 September 1900.

title: Louis-Gabriel-Charles Vicaire


text:
Ralph D. Parker

Ralph D. Parker (1898–1983) worked in the Canadian mining industry. In 1921, he obtained a B. Sc. degree from the University of California.

Parker became a superintendent of mines at Inco beginning in 1931. He rose through the company and became senior vice-president. In 1963, he retired and was awarded, as the first recipient, the Chairman's Citation. Scientists under his direction developed the aerial magnetometer, a device used by the military to locate submarines.

He was inducted into the Canadian Mining Hall of Fame and R. D. Parker Collegiate a high school in Thompson, Manitoba is named in his honour.

title: Ralph D. Parker