text:
Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Ealing

The London Borough of Ealing, one of the outer London boroughs although not on the periphery, has over 100 parks and open spaces within its boundaries. These include allotments, cemeteries, playgrounds, and golf courses in addition to the larger open spaces such as nature conservation areas.

Parks

 * Acton Green Common - small open space with children's play area adjacent to Chiswick Common on the Hounslow side of the municipal boundary.
 * Acton Park - a Victorian park opened in 1888.
 * Blondin Park - includes a small nature area. This was officially opened by Gavin Redman who is the great-great grandson of Blondin.
 * Bramley Gardens - Built on top of a landfill site, the park was reopened in 2012.
 * Brent Lodge Park - Sometimes known locally as Bunny Park, the large area of land contains the Millenium Maze, sports area, child play areas, cafe as well as Hanwell Zoo. There are large expanses of meadow and green areas with the River Brent also accessible.
 * Cuckoo Park - A horseshoe shape park in Hanwell containing a children play area.
 * Dean Gardens - Small park in West Ealing used as allotments until 1909. Contains a children's play area.
 * Drayton Green - Green open space with children's play area in West Ealing.
 * Down Way - Small area of land that contains a Multi Use Games Area (MUGA).
 * Ealing Central Sports Ground - located in Perivale, the park has a child’s play area as well as cricket and football pitches.
 * Ealing Common -Large area of flat, open grassland ringed by mature roadside trees. Used for grazing animals in the last century, it is still possible to see the occasional rider. Stages circuses and fairs.
 * Glade Lane Canal-side Park - Near to the grand union canal this park includes a children play area as well as nature conservation areas. There is also a BMX track.
 * Gunnersbury Park - while located on the Hounslow side of the Ealing/Hounslow boundary, Gunnersbury Park is jointly owned by Ealing and Hounslow and administered by a joint committee of the two councils.
 * Hanger Hill Park - includes a fragment of oak woodland (Fox Wood) to the west, now a Fox Wood Nature Reserve.
 * Hanger Hill Wood - there are many interesting native trees to enjoy on this walk, and there may be woodpeckers or red foxes to spot.
 * Horsenden Hill - Large area for nature conservation that contains woodland, grassland, wetland and meadows.
 * Islip Manor Park - located in Northolt part of which is used for the conservation of nature.
 * Jubilee Park - Located in Southall, this park has a children play area and large open area of grass.
 * King George Playing Fields - located in Hanwell.
 * Lammas Park - 25 acres (10ha). The name derives from 'Lammas lands', which were used for grazing cattle in medieval times. Bowling green, croquet pitch, tennis courts, children's playground and playcentre. The park nearly adjoins Walpole park mentioned below.
 * Lime Tree Park - located in Northolt the park contains a pond.
 * Montpelier Park - On the site of a previous girl school (Princess Helena College).
 * Northala Fields: a development of derelict land adjoining Rectory Fields in Northolt.
 * Norwood Green - triangular expanse of village green with a child play area and walking path.
 * Ravenor Park - Mostly formal park located in Greenford that contains a children play area as well as a section used for nature conservation.
 * Southall Park - The park contains a children play area, as well as MUGAs including tennis courts.
 * Spikes Bridge Park - Located in Southall, this park has MUGAs, play area and a pond.
 * Three Bridges Park - a small area of greenery located next to the Three Bridges and Grand Union Canal opened in 2013.
 * WalpoleParkmuseum.jpg
 * Walpole Park: Ealing's "premier park". Hosts a jazz and comedy festival in the summer, and also contains the Pitzhanger Manor museum. Contains a walled rose garden, semi-formal rest garden with wildlife pond, larger pond with fountain, open grass areas for games. The whole is enclosed either by railings and planted screening or surrounding houses. The park is closed at nights.
 * Wolf Fields Park - Located in Southall the park contains a bowling green

Brent River Park
Large areas along the River Brent collectively are known as the Brent River Park with numerous areas containing sports grounds, playing fields and golf courses. 80% is owned by the council, while only 5% is privately owned (with the rest being owned by public bodies). The park is a key nature conservation area.

Some of these areas are below.

 * Bitterns Field
 * Boles Meadow
 * Brent Meadow
 * Conolly Den
 * Elthorne Park - also contains children play area and bandstand
 * Elthorne Waterside
 * Fitzherbert Walk
 * Hanwell Meadows - contains Jubilee Meadows, Blackberry Corner, Trumpers Field and St Margaret’s
 * Long Wood - contains ancient woodland
 * Perivale Park - a sports park containing football and cricket pitches, tennis and Multi use games area (MUGA) courts and a full size athletics track (with car park), as well as a pocket park featuring an orchard, community raised bed gardening, flower meadows, seating benches and the flagpole for a Green Flag Award. The Capital ring runs through the park and the River Brent runs nearby. There is a Friends group.
 * Pitshanger Park: Long meandering park following the river Brent. Tennis courts and bowling greens, selection of football pitches and open grass. Adjacent Golf course and Rugby club. Park remains open at nights, but car park is locked.
 * Warren Farm - 61 acres of Metropolitan Open Land. In 2014, the council planned to lease the land to Queen's Park Rangers, for 200 years, to use as a training centre. This caused local protests over the financial terms and a judicial review was held to challenge the deal which found in favour of the Council. The plan was withdrawn and the area is currently (as of June 2022) wildflower meadow.

The Brent River Park was one of 11 parks throughout Greater London chosen to receive money for redevelopment by a public vote in 2009. The park received £400,000 towards better footpaths, more lighting, refurbished public toilets and new play areas for children.

Other

 * Berkeley Fields, Greenford: large area including three golf courses
 * Ealing Green: a small area of grass and trees close to Ealing's historical centre, occasionally used for small fairs and other events.
 * Fox Wood Nature Reserve: part of Hanger Hill Park near Hanger Lane tube station
 * Hanger Hill Wood: there are many interesting native trees to enjoy on this walk, and there may be woodpeckers or red foxes to spot.
 * Haven Green: Small open green with smattering of mature trees and flowerbeds opposite Ealing Broadway station in the town centre. Popular for lunchtime breaks in the summer.
 * West Middlesex Golf Club

Allotments
Across the London Borough of Ealing there are 63 allotments sites. Most are council-owned but a few are independent. The allotments in this part of London dramatically increased during World War II as part of the government effort to feed the nation. To encourage the uptake of allotment plots by people who had no access to a garden themselves, a campaign was waged under the slogan “Dig for Victory”. Towards the later end of the 20th century they became popular again amongst the growing ethnic communities, as a source of some of their more familiar and traditional vegetables which were otherwise unobtainable in British shops. Some local organisations have now formally recognised some of the benefits that come from working on allotments and actively encourage their use. Ealing Council has also signed up to the Unitary Development Plan which it is hoped will safeguard the existing allotments from building developers.


text:
Louis Gallait

Louis Gallait (9 or 10 May 1810 – 20 November 1887) was a Belgian painter. He lay at the basis of a revival of history painting in Belgium. He earned his reputation especially with the large painting of Charles V's abdication. Gallait's works were esteemed because of their realism, faithfulness of the costumes and color composition of his paintings. He was also a distinguished portrait painter.

Biography
Gallait was born in Tournai, Hainaut, Belgium in 1810. He first studied in his native town under Philippe Auguste Hennequin. In 1832 his first picture, Tribute to Caesar, won a prize at the Salon of Ghent. He then went to Antwerp to continue his studies under Mathieu Ignace van Brée, and in the following year exhibited at the Brussels Salon Christ Healing the Blind. This picture was purchased by subscription and placed in the Tournai Cathedral. Gallait next went to Paris, and he sent to the Belgian Salons Job on the Dunghill, Montaigne Visiting Tasso in Prison, and – to the Brussels Gallery in 1841 — The Abdication of Charles V. The latter painting, which had been commissioned by the Belgian government, was hailed as a triumph and gained him a European reputation. The painting was exhibited together with a painting entitled the Compromise of Nobles by another young Belgian painter, Edouard de Bièfve. Both paintings subsequently travelled to exhibitions in many cities in Europe, and enjoyed a particularly enthusiast reception in Germany where they formed an important impetus for the development of a German school of history painting. Official invitations induced him to settle at Brussels.

Among his accomplished works may be named The Last Honors paid to Counts Egmont and Horn by the Corporations of the Town of Brussels, now at Tournai; The Death of Egmont, in the Berlin gallery; the Coronation of Baudouin, Emperor of Constantinople, painted for Versailles; The Temptation of St Anthony, in the palace at Brussels; The Siege of Antioch, Art and Liberty, Portrait of M. B. Dumortier and The Plague at Tournay, all in the Brussels gallery. A Gipsy Woman and her Children was painted in 1852. He also served as the director and president of the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts.

"M. Gallait has all the gifts that may be acquired by work, taste, judgment and determination," wrote Théophile Gautier. His art is that of a man of tact, a skilled painter, happy in his dramatic treatment but superficial. No doubt, this Walloon artist, following the example of the Flemings of the Renaissance and the treatment of Belgian classical painters and the French Romantic school, sincerely aimed at truth. Unfortunately, misled by contemporary taste, he could not conceive of it other than as dressed in sentimentality. As an artist employed by the State, he exercised considerable influence, and for a long time he was the leader of public taste in Brussels.

In 1849 he became correspondent of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands, and the next year he became associated member.

Notable students include Cesare Dell'Acqua. Gallait died in Brussels in 1887.

Honours

 * 1881: Grand Cordon in the Order of Leopold.
 * Member of the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Louis Gallait


text:
User:Neier/Sandbox/TrainList

This is a list of the Japanese train stations.

Description
These stations were compiled from the Japanese ja:日本の鉄道駅一覧 lists, sorted, ran through several perl scripts to get romanized and to put the (prefecture) on the stations which already had (県), and sorted again for romaji duplicates which aren't an issue when Kanji is used -- See Izumi-Chuo Station for an example.

Stations with empty after their Romaji name still need to be disambiguated in the list. Some are easy, but some will need some care because they are in the same prefecture/city, so, the rule for disambig is not clear.

There are a lot of romanization issues too. Some (Like ターミナル to Terminal) I've taken care of; but there are still alot of leftovers. I also want to add all the red links. Once the lists are added to the "real" pages, I think it will be easier to divvy up the cleanup tasks.

There are a few required wholesale changes too, like ou -> ō.

Other Station Lists
A B C D E F G H I J KL M N O PR S T U W Y Z

title: User:Neier/Sandbox/TrainList


text:
Sandhills Global

Sandhills Global is a privately held American information processing company that produces a diverse range of products and services from well-established trade publications and websites to hosted technology services. The company primarily serves the transportation, agriculture, aircraft, and heavy machinery industries in the United States, Canada, Latin America, South America, EMEA, Africa, Asia, and Australasia.

Publications and brands
Sandhills Global's trade publications include TractorHouse, Machinery Trader, Truck Paper, CraneTrader, Tree & Landscape Equipment Trader, RentalYard, and AuctionTime, in addition to Controller, Executive Controller, and Charter Hub. Each print publication also has a companion website.

Sandhills' portfolio also includes software and online services such as the AddAShop e-commerce platform, Aircraft Cost Calculator, EquineMarket, Equipmentfacts, Fast Track Iron, FleetEvauator, FR8Star, LiftsToday, LivestockMarket, MotorSportsUniverse, OilFieldTrader, OtherStock, PavingEquipment, PowerSystemsToday, SpecialtyCropEQ, TelematicsPlus fleet management software, UtilityTrailersToday, Value Insight Portal (VIP) asset valuation tool for equipment and trucks, and others.

History
The company was first established by Tom and Rhonda Peed as Peed Corp. in 1978 in Webster City, Iowa. In 1985, the headquarters were relocated to a 68 acre campus in the Highlands neighborhood of Lincoln, Nebraska, where it remains. In June 2000, Sandhills added a data center in Scottsdale, Arizona. In 2011, the company completed another data center on its Lincoln, Nebraska campus, a LEED Gold-rated building that houses the company's server farm and has three living roofs.

The Lincoln campus expanded in 2015 with an additional IT facility. In the same year, Sandhills worked with Goss International, a company that supplies presses and finishing systems, to install a new press and saddle-stitcher to expand its printing operations. In 2017, Sandhills announced the construction of the 42,000-square-foot (3,900-m2) Cyber Center facility, which houses 240 employee workstations, a reception area and cafe space, classrooms, and other training facilities. Sandhills opened an additional office location in Sidney, Nebraska in 2017.

Community involvement
Sandhills has supported several charitable organizations, chiefly in Nebraska, including the Food Bank of Lincoln, the YMCA of Lincoln, the Lincoln Children's Zoo, Madonna Rehabilitation Hospital, the Lincoln Community Playhouse, Junior Achievement, Habitat for Humanity, and Special Olympics.

In March 2023, Sandhills announced a $4 million gift to the Lincoln Youth Complex development project, which includes nine baseball and softball fields in Lincoln, Nebraska. In August 2023, the Lancaster County Agricultural Society approved a contract with Sandhills for naming rights to the Lancaster Event Center, which, as a result, was renamed Sandhills Global Event Center for a period of 15 years.

International subsidiaries and region-specific brands
Sandhills Global has two international subsidiaries, Sandhills East and Sandhills Pacific. Sandhills East has office locations in Manchester, UK; Colonnella, Italy; and Johannesburg, South Africa. Sandhills Pacific is based in Brisbane, Australia with an additional office location in Christchurch, New Zealand. Sandhills' international brands include MarketBook, Farm & Plant Buyers Guide, Farm Machinery Locator, Truck Locator, CamionSuperMarket, Machinery Trader Resale Weekly, Truck Buy & Sell International, Aviation Trader, and TruckWorld.

title: Sandhills Global


text:
Michael Jonzun

Michael Jonzun is a musician and music producer. His specialty genres are electro, electronic dance, and electrofunk.

Born in Florida, he formed the Jonzun Crew in Boston with Steve Thorpe and Gordy Worthy. In the early 1980s, the group recorded electro dance tracks including "Pack Jam (Look Out for the OVC)" and "Space Cowboy". The former was inspired by Michael Jonzun's distaste toward the popular Pac-Man video game.

He made several more LPs in the 1980s, but with less commercial success. He also produced many recordings by other artists. He collaborated with his brother, Soni Jonzun, and with collaborator Maurice Starr, contributed to early tracks by both groups. He also worked on Peter Wolf's Lights Out and Tom Browne's Rockin' Radio. In 1986, he left the band to pursue a solo career and released an album on A&M Records.

In 2012, Jonzun sued the estate of Michael Jackson for $24 million, claiming co-writing credit on "This is It," a song Jackson recorded in 2009 with Paul Anka. In March 2014, a federal judge dismissed the suit.

Discography
Albums Singles & EPs Production work
 * Lost in Space (1983)—Jonzun Crew—songs written and produced by Michael Jonzun (Tommy Boy/Warner Bros. Records)
 * Down to Earth (1984)—Jonzun Crew Featuring Michael Jonzun (Tommy Boy/Warner Bros. Records) (rereleased by A&M/PolyGram Records with a completely different track listing)
 * Money Isn't Everything (1986)—Michael Jonzun (A&M/PolyGram Records)
 * Time Is Running Out (1984)—Jonzun Crew Featuring Michael Jonzun (Tommy Boy/Warner Bros. Records)
 * Lovin'/Mechanism (1984)—Jonzun Crew Featuring Michael Jonzun (Tommy Boy/Warner Bros. Records)
 * Redd Hott Mama (1985)—Jonzun Crew Featuring Michael Jonzun (A&M/PolyGram Records)
 * Games People Play (1986)—Michael Jonzun (A&M/PolyGram Records)
 * Burnin' Up (1986)—Michael Jonzun (A&M/PolyGram Records)
 * Lights Out (1984)—Peter Wolf—primary producer and songwriter

title: Michael Jonzun


text:
Talk:Robert Hecht-Nielsen

Untitled
I have this guy for a class. His lectures are interesting, albeit tangential at times.

 * I've seen a talk by him. I'm surprised there's no section on criticism of his ideas. From what I saw, he has made rather grandiose claims for a program that just randomly finishes the ends of sentences. That seems like a far cry from goal-directed behavior. It's possible that few people have taken him serious enough to publish criticisms though. Of course, I haven't actually looked for any. 128.197.81.47 16:26, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I've taken a couple classes with him (about 5 years ago) and I've also been to some of his talks. In his class we implemented some of his developments, which proved to be quite powerful and promising.  I have no doubt that his ideas will be used to create powerful real-world applications in years to come.  However, if I had judged his ideas based on his talks alone I would not have taken him very seriously.  This is because he has a lot of confidence in his ideas, often making grandiose claims, without feeling the need to take the time necessary to fully convince the audience.  I would not recommend judging his ideas based on his talks alone.  At the very least, I recommend taking a wait and see attitude.  His own words sum up his attitude pretty well: (from )
 * “Of course it’s preposterous for anyone in 2007 to make these claims, but, as Dizzy Dean once said, ‘It ain’t bragging if you can do it.’”
 * I too have been to a couple of talks of his, and some of his grandiose claims were startling in their naivete... he asserted that as self-assembly and various mechanical engineering advanced along with his intelligent neural networks, there would no longer be an economy, as everybody's desires would be fully satisfied by their friendly robot servants. While I surely don't doubt that one day there will be practically zero humans left in manufacturing or agriculture, it seems obvious there will always be scarcity of some resources in the world.  Still, he's an incredibly intelligent guy, and I felt lucky to have run across him as he is outside my field.128.54.70.85 (talk) 17:07, 8 May 2008 (UTC)
 * --192.91.171.36 18:02, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robert Hecht-Nielsen


text: Category:Arrondissements of Hérault

title: Category:Arrondissements of Hérault


text:
Talk:Claude Pouillet

Untitled
The Dulong-Petit law is about the specific heat of solids. How is it used to measure the temperature of the sun ? Bo Jacoby 08:46, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The point is that the law isn't valid for this purpose, hence Pouillet got the wrong result. I'll fix the wording Steve Easterbrook (talk) 03:25, 9 July 2015 (UTC)

Review comments
Some suggestions for improvement as the article is expanded:

Espresso Addict 02:22, 24 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Template:Infobox Scientist should be added
 * Some copy editing required
 * Some basic biographical information required, including education details
 * Article needs expanding and should emphasise reasons for notability of subject
 * After expansion, article should be divided into appropriate subheadings
 * Information on research should be expanded and references required
 * References should be added, preferably in the inline format
 * External links to useful online resources should be added if available

Discussion transferred
The discussion has been copied to new (redirected) page Talk:Claude Pouillet. Please discuss on that page. --Arjen Dijksman (talk) 20:31, 28 March 2009 (UTC)

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User talk:212.219.143.131

January 2020
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Talk:Emily Williams

Redirect
I see at the moment 'Emily Williams Discography' redirects to this article. Ozurbanmusic has since created their own article on this subject - Emily William Discography. I am requesting that the redirect to here be removed so I can move Ozurbanmusic's article to Emily Williams Discography. At the moment the name of the article is wrong, so I need to move it. Chevy monte  carlo  08:10, 27 June 2010 (UTC)
 * OK, I'll leave it a little longer. Are there any objections? I feel a separate article would be better for readers, and Ozurbanmusic has already created such an article. Chevy  monte  carlo  11:34, 28 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I guess I'll go ahead with it, then. The article Ozurbanmusic has created is quite good, though. Chevy  monte  carlo  11:50, 29 June 2010 (UTC)

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 * Emily Williams at Soundcheck in 2011.jpg

title: Talk:Emily Williams


text:
Praise You

"Praise You" is a song by British big beat musician Fatboy Slim. It was released as the third single from his second studio album, You've Come a Long Way, Baby (1998), on 4 January 1999. It reached number one on the UK Singles Chart and in Iceland, number four in Canada, number six in Ireland, and number 36 in the United States. As of 1999, it had sold over 150,000 units in the US.

Samples
A total of six samples are used in the song. The song features a prominent vocal sample from the opening of "Take Yo' Praise" by Camille Yarbrough, as well as a prominent piano sample from the track "Balance and Rehearsal" from a test album entitled Sessions released by audio electronics company JBL in 1973. That recording session was for "Captain America", sung by Hoyt Axton; a snippet of Axton's vocals humming the "Captain America" melody can be heard in the album version of "Praise You".

"Praise You" also features a guitar sample from the opening of "It's a Small World" from the Disneyland Records-released album Mickey Mouse Disco, the theme from the cartoon series Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids, the electric piano riff from "Lucky Man" by Steve Miller Band, and the drum beat from "Running Back To Me" by Tom Fogerty.

In a 2021 interview with the website WhoSampled, Yarbrough said that she liked "Praise You" and its use of her vocals, feeling that Cook kept the essence of "Take Yo' Praise".

Music video
The accompanying video for "Praise You" was directed by Spike Jonze with Roman Coppola. Jonze starred in the film, under the pseudonym Richard Koufey, along with a fictional dance group: The Torrance Community Dance Group. The video intro described it as "A Torrance Public Film Production".

The video was shot guerrilla-style – that is, on location without obtaining permission from the owners of the property – in front of puzzled onlookers outside the Fox Bruin Theater in Westwood, Los Angeles, California. In the video, a heavily disguised Jonze and the dance group, acting as a flash mob, dance to "Praise You", much to the chagrin of a theatre employee who turns off their portable stereo. One of the actor-dancers in the fictional dance group, Michael Gier, documented the making of the "Praise You" video on his website.

The "Praise You" video was made only because Jonze, unable to work with Fatboy Slim on the video for "The Rockafeller Skank", recorded and sent his own solo dance video of "Skank" as a gift; Jonze's 'alternative' music video was so well received by Norman Cook that Jonze's fictional Torrance Community Dance Group was green-lighted for the official video for "Praise You". Cook has said he liked this music video more than the one for "The Rockafeller Skank", which he hated.

Cook himself is briefly seen in the video as one of the many onlookers, with the clearest view shown at the conclusion of the video, while Jonze claims his "b-boy moves" came from living in New York. Cook curiously peers over Jonze to catch a glimpse of the camera before walking off to the right.

The video reportedly cost only US$800 to produce.

The video won three major awards at the 1999 MTV Video Music Awards: Breakthrough Video, Best Direction (awarded to "Torrance Community Dance Group"), and Best Choreography (awarded to "Richard Koufey & Michael Rooney"). It was also nominated for, but did not win, Best Dance Video. The group also put on a dance performance to the song at the awards. In 2001, it was voted number one of the 100 best videos of all time, in a poll to mark the 20th anniversary of MTV.

 * align="center" rowspan="5" | 1999
 * align="center" rowspan="4" | MTV Video Music Award
 * align="center" | Best Dance Video
 * align="center" | Breakthrough Video
 * Won
 * align="center" | Best Direction
 * Won
 * align="center" | Best Choreography
 * Won
 * align="center" | MTV Europe Music Award
 * align="center" | Best Video
 * align="center" | 2000
 * align="center" | Grammy Award
 * align="center" | Best Dance Recording
 * }
 * align="center" | MTV Europe Music Award
 * align="center" | Best Video
 * align="center" | 2000
 * align="center" | Grammy Award
 * align="center" | Best Dance Recording
 * }
 * align="center" | Best Dance Recording
 * }
 * }

Track listings
UK and Australian CD single
 * 1) "Praise You" (radio edit)
 * 2) "Praise You"
 * 3) "Sho Nuff"
 * 4) "The Rockafeller Skank" (Mulder's Urban Takeover remix)

UK 12-inch single
 * A. "Praise You"
 * AA. "Sho Nuff"

UK cassette single
 * 1) "Praise You" (radio edit)
 * 2) "The Rockafeller Skank" (Mulder's Urban Takeover remix)

European CD single
 * 1) "Praise You" (radio edit)
 * 2) "Praise You" (full version)

US CD, 12-inch, and cassette single
 * 1) "Praise You"
 * 2) "Sho Nuff"
 * 3) "The Rockafeller Skank" (Mulder's Urban Takeover remix)

Japanese CD single
 * 1) "Praise You" (full version)
 * 2) "Sho Nuff"
 * 3) "The Rockafeller Skank" (Mulder's Urban Takeover remix)
 * 4) "Praise You" (radio edit)
 * 5) "How Can You Hear Us?"

Personnel
Personnel are sourced from Sound on Sound.
 * Fatboy Slim – Studio Electronics SE-1 and Roland TB-303 synthesizers, Akai S950 samplers, Atari ST programming
 * Camille Yarbrough – sampled lead vocals

Other versions

 * In 2017, Hannah Grace and the London Contemporary Voices Choir recorded a version of the song for a Lloyds Bank advertising campaign.   Grace’s version includes an extra refrain which includes lyrics from Camille Yarborough's original song.
 * In 2018, a remix by Purple Disco Machine was released, which made it to number one on the US Billboard Dance Club Songs chart.
 * In 2023, British singer Rita Ora released a re-worked version of the song, titled "Praising You", featuring Fatboy Slim, which later became an international hit after it was used in the film Ruby Gillman: Teenage Kraken.

Usage in media and pop culture

 * In the 1999 film Cruel Intentions, the song is playing in the scene when Sebastian and Annette drive back from doing charity work at the nursing home. It was also featured in the film’s official soundtrack album released by Arista/Virgin Records.

 * The season 3 finale of the NBC sitcom Suddenly Susan uses the song during a montage that pays tribute to cast member David Strickland, who had committed suicide earlier in the season.
 * In November 2017, an American TV advertisement for Forevermark Diamonds featured a cover of the Hannah Grace version, sung by Jon Kenzie.
 * Meal delivery service Grubhub used an instrumental version of the song in a 2020 animated TV commercial.
 * In 2020, a TV commercial for Advil features Grace's version.
 * In season 3, episode 20 of Buffy the Vampire Slayer at minute 29:50, the song plays during the Sunnydale High School prom.
 * In the Derry Girls Season 3 finale Halloween (which revolves around a Fatboy Slim concert), the song plays at the end, with a female vocal-led rendition after Claire's father dies in hospital, and the subsequent funeral procession.
 * In the 2024 documentary The Blue Angels, the song plays over a montage of the various components of the Blue Angels maintenance and support team.

title: Praise You


text:
BMR

BMR may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Bad Moon Rising (disambiguation), various works
 * Big Machine Records, an American country music label
 * Big Money Rustlas, a 2010 comedy film
 * British Music Rights, a subsidiary of UK Music

Science and technology

 * Bare-metal restore, in data recovery
 * Basal metabolic rate, daily energy expenditure at rest
 * Bayesian model reduction, a statistical method
 * Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Australia
 * Balanced Mode Radiator, a hybrid distributed mode loudspeaker

Transport

 * Brecon Mountain Railway, Wales
 * Buffalo Metro Rail, New York
 * Pegaso BMR, an armoured personnel carrier

Other uses

 * BMR Group, a Canadian chain of hardware stores
 * Bill McAnally Racing, a NASCAR motorsport team

title: BMR


text:
David Buttolph

James David Buttolph Jr. (August 3, 1902 – January 1, 1983) was an American film composer who scored over 300 movies in his career. Born in New York City, Buttolph showed musical talent at an early age, and eventually studied music formally. After earning a music degree, Buttolph moved to Europe in 1923 and studied in Austria and Germany supporting himself as a nightclub pianist. He returned to the U.S. in 1927 and, a few years later, began working for NBC radio network as an arranger and conductor. In 1933, Buttolph moved to Los Angeles and began working in films. Buttolph's best work, according to many, was his work as an arranger on the Alfred Newman score for The Mark of Zorro (1940).

In the mid-1950s, Buttolph started to compose scores for television, the most memorable being the theme for the TV western Maverick starring James Garner with the same music appearing in his score of The Lone Ranger (1956). He continued to compose music for television, many of which were westerns, until his retirement in 1963.

TV and filmography

 * The New Maverick (1978) (TV) (theme song)
 * The Man from Galveston (1963)
 * PT 109 (1963)
 * The Virginian (1962) TV Series
 * Guns of the Timberland (1960)
 * The Alaskans (1959) TV Series
 * The Horse Soldiers (1959)
 * Laramie (1959) TV Series
 * Westbound (1959)
 * 77 Sunset Strip (1958) TV Series
 * Onionhead (1958)
 * The Deep Six (1958)
 * Shirley Temple's Storybook (1958) TV Series
 * Maverick (1957) TV Series (theme)
 * Wagon Train (1957) TV Series
 * The D.I. (1957)
 * The Big Land (1957)
 * Conflict (1956) TV Series (also theme)
 * Noah's Ark (1956) TV Series
 * The Burning Hills (1956)
 * The Lone Ranger (1956)
 * A Cry in the Night (1956)
 * Santiago (1956)
 * The Steel Jungle (1956)
 * ''I Died a Thousand Times (1955)
 * Jump Into Hell (1955)
 * Kings Row (1955) TV Series
 * The Adventures of Long John Silver (1955) TV Series
 * Secret of the Incas (1954)
 * Riding Shotgun (1954)
 * Phantom of the Rue Morgue (1954)
 * The Bounty Hunter (1954)
 * Crime Wave (1954)
 * Thunder Over the Plains (1953)
 * The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms (1953)
 * South Sea Woman (1953)
 * The System (1953)
 * House of Wax (1953)
 * The Man Behind the Gun (1953)
 * My Man and I (1952)
 * The Winning Team (1952)
 * Carson City (1952)
 * Talk About a Stranger (1952)
 * This Woman Is Dangerous (1952)
 * Lone Star (1952)
 * Submarine Command (1951)
 * Fighting Coast Guard (1951)
 * The Enforcer (1951)
 * Ten Tall Men (1951)
 * Along the Great Divide (1951)
 * Chain Lightning (1950)
 * Montana (1950)
 * Pretty Baby (1950)
 * The Daughter of Rosie O'Grady (1950)
 * Three Secrets (1950)
 * Return of the Frontiersman (1950)
 * Roseanna McCoy (1949)
 * Look for the Silver Lining (1949)
 * Story of Seabiscuit (1949)
 * The Girl from Jones Beach (1949)
 * One Sunday Afternoon (1949)
 * John Loves Mary (1949)
 * One Last Fling (1949)
 * Colorado Territory (1949)
 * June Bride (1948)
 * Smart Girls Don't Talk (1948)
 * To the Victor (1948)
 * Kiss of Death (1947)
 * The Foxes of Harrow (1947)
 * Moss Rose (1947)
 * Boomerang (1947)
 * The Brasher Doubloon (1947)
 * 13 Rue Madeleine (1946)
 * Home Sweet Homicide (1946)
 * It Shouldn't Happen to a Dog (1946)
 * Somewhere in the Night (1946)
 * Strange Triangle (1946)
 * Johnny Comes Flying Home (1946)
 * Shock (1946)
 * The Spider (1945)
 * The House on 92nd Street (1945)
 * Within These Walls (1945)
 * The Caribbean Mystery (1945)
 * Junior Miss (1945)
 * Nob Hill (1945)
 * The Bullfighters (1945)
 * Circumstantial Evidence (1945)
 * The Big Noise (1944)
 * Buffalo Bill (1944)
 * Guadalcanal Diary (1943)
 * Corvette K-225 (1943)
 * Bomber's Moon (1943)
 * Crash Dive (1943)
 * Immortal Sergeant (1943)
 * Thunder Birds (1942)
 * Street of Chance (1942)
 * Wake Island (1942)
 * In Old California (1942)
 * Moontide (1942)
 * This Gun for Hire (1942)
 * My Favorite Blonde (1942)
 * Lady for a Night (1942)
 * Bahama Passage (1941)
 * Swamp Water (1941)
 * Tobacco Road (1941)
 * Star Dust (1940)
 * Barricade (1939)

title: David Buttolph


text:
User talk:Smartypants xo

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been removed or reverted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Pak21 08:52, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Smartypants xo


text:
Jonzun Crew

Jonzun Crew was an American electro and early funk–hip hop group that was active in the 1980s. The group was led by Michael Jonzun, his brothers Maurice Starr and Soni Jonzun, and Carl (Captain Fingers).

Overview
The Jonzun Crew was formed by Florida-born brothers Michael, Soni, and Larry Johnson (also known as Maurice Starr) in Boston in 1981, with Gordy Worthy and Steve Thorpe filling out the lineup. The group carried its spin on Parliament-Funkadelic's loopy sci-fi themes of Afro-futurism throughout the 1980s and early 1990s for several albums.

The group's most famous tracks, “Pack Jam (Look out for the OVC),” “Space is the Place,” and “Space Cowboy” were featured on the group's debut album, Lost in Space (1983). Other notable tracks included “We Are the Jonzun Crew” and “Ground Control.” The group's sound was particularly unique because all of the synthesizer parts were played live as opposed to sequenced, and despite using drum-machine hits in its tracks, most of the group's songs used a live drummer as the main drum track, giving its songs a unique groove and swing compared with most electro music of the era.

In 1986, Michael Jonzun left the group.

Cultural impact
“Pack Jam (Look out for the OVC)” was often played in the background while the rundown of top hits in Germany were counted on the German-language Top Hits show Formel Eins during the 1980s.

By 1987, the Berlin Wall featured a block long graffiti mural immortalizing Jonzun Crew.

In 1998, Tommy Boy Records issued a remix of "Pack Jam" by Grooverider as part of its Greatest Beats Remix series.

title: Jonzun Crew


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Global Mixed Movement

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete Ryan Norton T 20:11, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Global Mixed Movement
Not notable. No groups, No news. Delete. Happy to be shown evidence I'm right. brenneman (t) (c) 08:52, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - how global is it, if it's only concentrating on the western world? --MacRusgail 20:34, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:Lost BBC episodes

title: Category:Lost BBC episodes


text:
Edmund Lodge

Edmund Lodge, KH (1756–1839), herald, was a long-serving English officer of arms, a writer on heraldic subjects, and a compiler of short biographies.

Life and career
Lodge was born in Poland Street, London on 13 June 1756, the son of Edmund Lodge, rector of Carshalton, Surrey and his wife, Mary Garrard, daughter of Richard Garrard of Carshalton. Little is known of his education, but he briefly held a cornet's commission in the army, which he resigned in 1773. In 1782 he became Bluemantle Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary at the College of Arms. He subsequently became Lancaster Herald of Arms in Ordinary, Norroy King of Arms, and Clarenceux King of Arms, in other words second in command of the college. In 1832, he was appointed Knight of the Hanoverian Royal Guelphic Order, but was not subsequently made a knight bachelor to entitle him to the prefix Sir, which often came with appointments to that order. He married Jane-Anne-Elizabeth Field (died May 1820) on 27 April 1808, but they had no children. He died at his house in Bloomsbury Square, London on 16 January 1839.

Publications
Lodge wrote Illustrations of British History, Biography, and Manners in the Reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary, Elizabeth and James I (3 vols., 1791), which consisted of selections from the manuscripts of the Howard, Talbot and Cecil families preserved at the College of Arms. He also wrote Life of Sir Julius Caesar (2nd ed., 1827). He contributed the literary matter to Portraits of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain (1814, &c.), an elaborate work of which a popular edition is included in Bohn's Illustrated Library. His most important work on heraldry was The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage (1832; enlarged edition, 1859). In The Annual Peerage and Baronetage (1827–1829), reissued after 1832 as Peerage of the British Empire, and generally known as Lodge's Peerage, his share did not go beyond the title-page.

Works

 * Edmund Lodge Portraits of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain with... Later the plates, copyrights and future book sales were sold at auction for £4200 to W. Smith, and appeared in numerous publications.
 * Online:
 * vol. 1
 * vol. 2
 * vol. 3
 * vol. 4
 * vol. 5
 * vol. 6
 * vol. 7
 * vol. 8
 * Edmund Lodge The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage, Saunders and Otley, 1832. at Google Books
 * Edmund Lodge The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage, 1859. at Google Books

title: Edmund Lodge


text: User talk:209.74.96.60

title: User talk:209.74.96.60


text:
Talk:2007 Rugby World Cup – Asia qualification

This was a difficult page to write! finding all the results was amazingly hard - e.g. the Hong Kong v Korea result was not to be found anywhere! I eventually found the Hong Kong Rugby Update and searched through till I found the right date.. you would think all this stuff would be done by the IRB but no.. at least not in a timely fashion. Seems fixtures for 2006 have not been set in most cases either..

I think this qualification process is flawed - Arabian Gulf beat China, but they end up with a harder run to the finals - to qualify they have to beat either Japan or Korea, who finished 1st and 2nd in Div 1. China only have to beat Hong Kong, who finished 3rd in Div 1 - assuming that Sri Lanka will be easybeats. If it had been up to me I would have thrown the Arabian Gulf/China match (maybe China did??). Either way I doubt either team will challenge for the final two spots, but you never know...

Incidentally, since Arabian Gulf (AG) isn't a country I have used the flag of the League of Arab States (LAS) - not entirely accurate but the team doesn't have a flag on their website, and I figured it was more accurate than using the UAE flag (the team's office is in Dubai). On the AGRU site it states 'Rugby is played ... in the Gulf Cooperation Council [GCC] member countries of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates [UAE] while we have associate members in Cairo [Egypt], Beirut [Lebanon] and Jordan'. The GCC doesn't seem to have a flag either. The LAS members, according to wikipedia, are: Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Yemen, Libya, Sudan, Morocco, Tunisia, Kuwait, Algeria, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Mauritania, Somalia, Palestine, Djibouti, Comoros, Eritrea. So not entirely accurate, open to suggestions...

Finally, the IRB summary of RWC Qualifying 2005 suggests that the Round 2 groups will play in November - however the RWC 2007 Qualifying process page lists it as March - May with Round 3 in Nov, so assume the latter is correct, at least till dates are set.

mlaird 04:41, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) does have a flag. Go to that organization's Wiki page. That flag should be used for the Arabian Gulf team. 89.120.193.125 11:38, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

Sri Lanka Easybeats ?
I guess now you know why China had to play Sri Lanka. They are not easybeats anymore :)

mlaird 05:12, 9 April 2007 (UTC) sure, and well done to Sri Lanka - though the fact remains that as the winner of Div 2, Arabian Gulf should have had a crack at the bottom team from Div 1 (Hong Kong) - as it stands (and for what it's worth) the draw was flawed.

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.rugbyworldcup.com/home/qualifying/resultByZone.html
 * In 2007 Rugby World Cup – Americas qualification on 2011-05-26 02:59:59, 404 Not Found
 * In 2007 Rugby World Cup – Africa qualification on 2011-05-27 15:17:23, 404 Not Found
 * In 2007 Rugby World Cup – Africa qualification on 2011-06-15 17:25:08, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 17:25, 15 June 2011 (UTC)


text:
Puppy (Fluke album)

Puppy is the fifth album by British electronica group Fluke, first released on 18 August 2003. The album contains a variety of genres, spanning house to ambient.

Overview
After Risotto, Mike Tournier left the group to form Syntax with Jan Burton. Mike Bryant and Jon Fugler went on to produce Fluke's final studio album, Puppy, without Tournier's help.

There were still signs of life in Fluke's production studio when, in 2000, they produced a Virgin Records-distributed promotional CD named The Xmas Demos, which included early versions of many of the tracks intended for the album Puppy. Four of the tracks on The Xmas Demos would appear on Puppy, while the remaining tracks, "Liquid" and the original "Another Kind of Blues", did not make the final cut. The release of Puppy was significantly delayed by a change to the band's record label, switching from Virgin Records offshoot Circa to One Little Indian. Speculation about a new album was furthered when, in 2003, the remaining members of Fluke released two singles forming the basis of this next album. Though the aptly titled "Slap It: The Return" signaled a break from the past, with the writing credits listed simply as "Bryant/Fugler" under the Appalooso label, "Pulse" exemplified a much darker style and was released on the One Little Indian label. In 2003, Fluke finally released their fifth studio album and first without Mike Tournier, Puppy, six years after their previous effort Risotto. The name of the album was inspired by Jeff Koons' fifty foot sculpture of a puppy that stands outside the Guggenheim museum in Bilbao.

"Snapshot" was featured in Need for Speed: Underground while "Switch/Twitch" is featured in Need for Speed: Underground 2. The latter song was the only single to be released from Puppy after the album's release, and was distributed in CD and vinyl formats. However, it achieved nowhere near the critical or popular acclaim of the singles from Risotto, not even appearing in the UK top 40. "Another Kind of Blues" and "My Spine" were also featured in Total Club Manager 2004.

"Another Kind of Blues" is a 4:37 edit of previously released promotional single, "Slap It" (original length 10:19). Another version, renamed "Zion", was used for the underground rave scene in the 2003 film The Matrix Reloaded. Puppy's "Another Kind of Blues" is an entirely different song from the track of the same name included on the Xmas Demos.

The track "YKK" was used in the 2010 film The Experiment.

The number of Fluke's live shows decreased significantly after the release of Puppy owing to their personal commitments to young families. In the few shows since, they have opted for the Fluke DJs set up, which uses "a battery of laptops and the odd deck" rather than focusing on their live band, an approach which Jon Fugler subsequently referred to as "good fun, but ultimately flawed for the dancefloor."

Reception
The album was not received well critically with most of the critics labelling the album as dated. Andy Gill of The Independent wrote:

Surely the longest-serving of UK dance outfits, Fluke have been a fixture on the national house scene for more than a decade now. In "Snapshot", the juddering synth riff is the techno equivalent of the 12-bar blues, a standard form that has become all too easy for lazy musicians to slip into. Fluke may sing, "It's easy to change/ Go out and get a new name/ Forget yesterday" in "Switch/Twitch", but it is clearly not proving that easy for them to develop beyond their old house style, notwithstanding odd moments such as the freeway glide of "Baby Pain" and the soulful choir on the closing, chill-out number, "Blue Sky". It's Nineties music for a Noughties world.

Track listing

 * 1) "Snapshot" - 4:09
 * 2) "My Spine" - 7:22
 * 3) "Another Kind of Blues" - 4:37
 * 4) "Hang Tough" - 5:27
 * 5) "Switch/Twitch" - 9:33
 * 6) "YKK" - 6:45
 * 7) "Expo" - 5:18
 * 8) "Electric Blue" - 6:34
 * 9) "Baby Pain" - 5:44
 * 10) "Nebulus" - 5:57
 * 11) "Blue Sky" - 5:48

title: Puppy (Fluke album)


text:
Charles Xavier Thomas

Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar (May 5, 1785 – March 12, 1870) was a French inventor and entrepreneur best known for designing, patenting, and manufacturing the first commercially successful mechanical calculator, known as the Arithmometer. Additionally, he founded the insurance companies Le Soleil and L'aigle, which, under his leadership, became the number one insurance group in France during the early years of the Second Empire.

Biography
Born Charles Xavier Thomas in Colmar, France, his father was a doctor and member of the town council. After a short employment in the French administration, Thomas joined the French army in 1809. By 1813, he had risen to the position of General Manager of the supply store for all the armies stationed in Spain. His responsibilities expanded further when he was appointed Inspector of Supply for the entire French army. It was during this period that he conceived the idea for the Arithmometer, recognizing the need for a tool to assist with the extensive calculations required for his duties.

After returning to civilian life, in 1819, he co-founded the fire insurance company "Phoenix." However, he left quickly because of the lack of support for his new ideas from his partners and shareholders. Ten years later, in 1829, he started the fire insurance company "Le Soleil" that he grew by merger and acquisitions until his death. In 1843 he started another insurance company called "L'Aigle incendie." By combining the symbol of the Sun (soleil), representing the previous kings of France, with the Eagle (aigle), reminiscent of Napoleon, he appealed to a broad spectrum of customers in the politically divided 19th-century France. At the time of his death, the "Aigle - Soleil" group stood as the largest insurance entity in France, with him owning 81% of it. Eighty years later, in 1946, it underwent nationalization and eventually merged with "La National" in 1968 to form the GAN company, which remains operational to this day.

Arithmometer
The first model of the Arithmometer was introduced in 1820, and as a result Thomas was made Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1821. Despite this, Thomas spent all of his time and energy on his insurance business, therefore there is a hiatus of more than thirty years in before the Artitometer's commercialization in 1852. Because of the Arithmometer, he was raised to the level of Officier of the Légion d'honneur in 1857. By the time of his death in 1870, his manufacturing facility had built around 1,000 Arithmometers, making it the first mass-produced mechanical calculator in the world, and at the time, the only mechanical calculator reliable and dependable enough to be used in places like government agencies, banks, insurance companies and observatories.. The manufacturing of the Arithmometer went on for another 40 years until around 1914.

Personal life
He married Francesca (Frasquita) Garcia de Ampudia Alvarez in Seville in 1812. She came from an old Andalusian noble family. Together, they had ten children, including: Joseph Thomas d'Alvarez; Charlotte (Countess de Rancy); Louis Thomas, who married Livia Carafa, Duchess of Bojano and took the name of Thomas de Bojano; Frasquita (Mrs Soultzner d'Enschwyl); and Henriette (Countess de Dalmas).

title: Charles Xavier Thomas


text: Talk:The Children of Noisy Village

title: Talk:The Children of Noisy Village


text: File:Rachelcomeandgetit.jpg

title: File:Rachelcomeandgetit.jpg


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CB

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the Provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CA

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CC

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the Provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CD

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the Provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CE

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CF

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CG

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text: User talk:80.138.114.7

title: User talk:80.138.114.7


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CH

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CI

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gundumani

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was SPEEDY DELETE nn-bio. -Doc (?) 23:21, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Gundumani
Irrelevant article 203.99.42.15 08:59, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Speedy delete Tintin 09:16, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity Saberwyn 11:36, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, clearly vanity. — J I P | Talk 11:42, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Why is such obvious nonsense being sent through the five day AfD process instead of being speedied ? It is not good enough even to be called vanity. Tintin 22:05, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CJ

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CL

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CK

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CM

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CO

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CN

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CP

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CR

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CS

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CT

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CV

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
List of Canadian airports by location indicator: CW

This is a list of all Nav Canada certified and registered water and land airports, aerodromes and heliports in the provinces and territories of Canada sorted by location identifier.

They are listed in the format:
 * Location indicator – IATA – Airport name (alternate name) – Airport location


text:
John Walsh (scientist)

John Walsh (1 July 1726 – 9 March 1795) was a British scientist and Secretary to the Governor of Bengal.

John was son of Joseph Walsh, Secretary to the Governor of Fort St. George and cousin to Nevil Maskelyne, the Astronomer Royal, and his sister Margaret, the wife of Lord Clive.

Life
He entered the English East India Company at the age of fifteen and eventually became Clive's private secretary. During the 1757 Plassey campaign against the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, John Walsh was awarded £56,000 in prize money. Upon his return to England in 1759, his fortune was estimated at £147,000, and he quickly sought to purchase the necessary trappings of aristocratic power in eighteenth century Britain: land and political influence. In late 1764, Walsh purchased the large estate of Warfield Park, near Bracknell in Berkshire and spent the next two years doing it up. He was MP for Worcester from 1761 to 1780. He continued to serve Robert Clive, or 'Clive of India' as he became known, and attempted to form a parliamentary interest in his favour.

In 1778 the major of the Worcestershire Militia died soon after the regiment had been embodied for home defence duties duing the American War of Independence. The Lord Lieutenant of Worcestershire appointed Walsh to the vacancy. This caused great dissatisfaction among the other officers who were passed over, and it was some time before they were persuaded to withdraw their threats of resignation. In 1781 he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the regiment, from which he resigned in 1787.

Electrical properties of torpedo fish
In later life, John Walsh's interests were scientific, with a particular interest in electric fish. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1770 and awarded their Copley Medal in 1773 for a paper on the electrical properties of torpedo fish.

Death
Upon his death in 1795, Sir John Walsh, as he was then known, left his fortune to his niece, Margaret Walsh, and her husband, John Benn, on the condition that they change their surname to Benn-Walsh. With his own fortune of £80,000 made in India while Assistant to the Resident of Benares, his brother-in-law Francis Fowke in the 1770s, John Benn-Walsh had become a very wealthy man and went on to inherit extensive estates in Warfield, Buckinghamshire, in Radnorshire, and in Ormathwaite, Cumberland and be created Baron Ormathwaite.

title: John Walsh (scientist)


text:
Northern Rockies Regional Municipality

The Northern Rockies Regional Municipality (NRRM), formerly the Northern Rockies Regional District (NRRD), and before that the Fort Nelson–Liard Regional District, is a municipality in northeastern British Columbia, Canada. Although portrayed as a regional municipality in its official name, and existing on the same administrative level as a regional district, it is actually classified as a district municipality. The NRRM's offices are located in Fort Nelson, formerly an incorporated town that amalgamated with the NRRD on February 6, 2009, to form the NRRM. With the Peace River Regional District as the southern part, it was the northern part of the Peace River-Liard Regional District, which was split into two on October 31, 1987.

The NRRM lies on the east slope of the Rocky Mountains, and comprises approximately 10% of the total area of the province of British Columbia, encompassing 85014.52 km2. Its southern boundary is the 58th parallel of latitude and is bisected by the Alaska Highway from its southeast to its northwest. The Northern Rockies Regional Municipality is primarily made up of heavily forested areas and mountainous terrain.

The Northern Rockies Regional Municipality is the first of its kind in British Columbia in which an entire former regional district is governed and headed by a single municipal government. Its council comprises a mayor and six councillors. Bill Streeper was the NRRM's first mayor.

Fort Nelson
With a 2016 population of 3,366, Fort Nelson is the largest community in the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality. All of the NRRM's offices and officials are based out of Fort Nelson.

Fort Nelson First Nation
Fort Nelson First Nation is an aboriginal band situated directly outside of the town of Fort Nelson and a signatory nation of Treaty 8. The reserve is home to about 700 residents, making Fort Nelson First Nation one of the largest reservations in northern British Columbia. Dene and Cree are the most prevalent Aboriginal Canadian backgrounds found on the Fort Nelson First Nation reserve. The nation works closely with oil and gas producers to ensure safe and sustainable development in the Horn River Basin based on the fact that much of the new development in the Horn River Basin is occurring on traditional Fort Nelson First Nation land. The band operates Echo-Dene and the Liard Hot Springs lodge, as well as Chalo School, a kindergarten to grade twelve accredited educational institution. Liz Logan is the Chief Councillor of the Fort Nelson First Nation, reelected in August 2014. The FNFN Band Council consists of seven councillors, an increase from six. The chosen councillors then decided amongst themselves the Chief Councillor.

Prophet River First Nation
The Prophet River First Nation is the southernmost community in the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality. Prophet River's main industries revolve around commercial services and provisions to the local and nearby oil and gas industry. Lynette Tsakoza is currently the chief of Prophet River First Nation which is a member of the Treaty 8 Tribal Association.

Tetsa River
Tetsa River is a small community based on the Alaska Highway that is known for its eco-tourism and camping. Fishing, rafting, hunting, and other eco-tourism related activities are commonly practiced recreational attractants to the region. Tetsa River offers a popular fishing derby every August, in which residents from all over the region compete.

Toad River
Toad River is the largest regional community north of Fort Nelson in terms of population. The community is home to a highway maintenance camp, a small school accredited by the region's school district (School District 81), a community hall, two campgrounds, and two lodges. Toad River's economy relies primarily on tourism, and is a popular destination for travellers on the Alaska Highway.

Muncho Lake
Muncho Lake is a community that is situated on the Muncho Lake Provincial Park. The park is known for its blue-coloured lake which attracts tourists to the area every year. Muncho Lake is situated on the Alaska Highway.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Northern Rockies had a population of 3,947 living in 1,692 of its 2,268 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 4,862. With a land area of 84759.31 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

As a census division in the 2021 census, Northern Rockies had a population of $4,478$ living in $1,918$ of its $2,523$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $5,393$. With a land area of 84858.88 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Ethnicity

 * Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.

Religion
According to the 2021 census, religious groups in the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality included:
 * Irreligion (2,300 persons or 59.5%)
 * Christianity (1,460 persons or 37.8%)
 * Sikhism (40 persons or 1.0%)
 * Other (30 persons or 0.8%)

title: Northern Rockies Regional Municipality


text:
Talk:List of Japanese map symbols

Japanese map symbol creation project
Most of the symbols aren't in Unicode I think but they are dead easy to make with a simple paint program. I'm going to try to make them at some point, anyone care to help? I suggest making 200x200 PNG graphics in black and white. Any comments, suggestions? I am also going to make the symbols for "ioriten" and "kunojiten" on the Japanese typographic symbols page in the same manner. --DannyWilde 09:04, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

文 (bun) & schools
According to this page,, the 文 bun symbol is used for high schools, and 小, 中, and 大, for elementary, junior high, and universities, respectively. Is one standard more common than the other? Dforest 06:34, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The standard we should use is the one of the GSI (Geographical Survey Institute), which is the link at the bottom of the page. This is the official standard in Japan. The Livedoor map is an online map, so my guess is that they substituted more readily available symbols from common character sets. By the way, the symbol for a forestry station is correctly described as the seal script version of the kanji for tree, 木, rather than the Cyrillic letter. I have a GSI pamphlet somewhere which explains it. --DannyWilde 08:30, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Sounds reasonable. I seem to vaguely remember that seal script, perhaps in the Henshall kanji guide. Dforest 09:52, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Symbol size
The symbols seem to be coming out both small and large. This is using MS Windows and Firefox. What does anyone else get? Is the new markup an improvement or not? On Linux, I can't see several of the symbols at all. --DannyWilde 08:30, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I believe the problem is that the symbols are being taken from more than one font, according to where the browser can find them; different fonts contain differently sized characters. Not sure if there's a fix, other than to replace all the characters with bitmaps, which is probably undesirable for other reasons. Haeleth 12:00, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Post office no collection
I can't find 〒 being used for "post office no collection" on the reference above or on any of the three on the page at present. Also, I don't know what "no collection" means - is it to do with 集配局 (shuuhaikyoku)? As far as I know, that actually means a distribution and delivery centre. I checked this once a month or two ago, not sure if my memory is correct but anyway as far as I remember post offices without this sign do not distribute mail, they do collect it though and send it to the shuuhaikyoku. --DannyWilde 15:48, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I noticed it first at Mapion, and then at several other sites, see this Google:  However, it appears that the other sites (Townpage, Excite, JR, ANA) are using Mapion's symbols, so it may or may not be a standard.  Though most of their symbols are the same as GSI's, one exception being fire station.

For what it's worth, the Mapion site gives this:

 * 〶 郵便局(集配)
 * 〒 郵便局(無集配)

This site explains the difference pretty well:
 * 集配郵便局(Collection and delivery Post Office)は、窓口業務（郵便・貯金・保険）の他に、受持郵便局区内のポストからの取り集めと配達業務を行う郵便局. 無集配郵便局(Non-collection and delivery Post Office)は、窓口業務のみを行う郵便局. また、無集配郵便局は特に指定された局以外は、料金別納・後納・低料第３種・内容証明などの郵便引き受けや、私書箱交付などは行わない. 集配郵便局は約4,900局、無集配郵便局は約15,100局.

However, it is a personal site--the Postal Savin' Home Page (!) so the names may not be official translations.
 * --Dforest 02:53, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * As I thought it is the difference between a shuuhaikyoku post office and a normal one. However, describing the other post offices as "no collection" post offices might lead people to think they didn't collect mail at all. Can you think of a better name? --DannyWilde 04:08, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Pictures
Is it really necessary to include pictures of the places the symbols represent? Leon math (talk) 20:04, 10 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I can take or leave the pictures, but would like to suggest we show the map symbols smaller. That would make them closer to the size they are on the map, and so make the page easier to use as a reference. Cxw (talk) 23:04, 3 February 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Japanese map symbols


text:
Talk:Northern Rockies Regional Municipality

Provincial Parks and Protected Areas of the NRRM
The NRRM is home to fourteen provincial parks:
 * Andy Bailey Provincial Park
 * Kotcho Lake Village Provincial Park
 * Jackpine Remnant Provincial Park
 * Liard River Provincial Park
 * Maxhamish Lake Provincial Park
 * Muncho Lake Provincial Park
 * Northern Rocky Mountains Provincial Park
 * Prophet River Wayside Provincial Park
 * Scatter River Old Growth Provincial Park
 * Sikanni Old Growth Provincial Park
 * Smith River Falls - Fort Halkett Provincial Park
 * Stone Mountain Provincial Park (Summit Lake and the Wokkpash area)
 * Tetsa River Provincial Park
 * Toad River Hot Springs Provincial Park

It is also home to five protected areas:
 * Ekwan Lake Protected Area
 * Goguka Creek Protected Area
 * Hay River Protected Area
 * Klua Lakes Protected Area
 * Thinahtea Protected Area

All of which is totally irrelevant. Regional districts (and now regional municpality) do not have jursidcition veor provincial parks, and provincial parks have their own regionalization system.Skookum1 (talk) 15:31, 12 September 2009 (UTC)

first nation and metis
How many first nation and metis are there?--Kaiyr (talk) 12:39, 18 July 2011 (UTC)


text: User talk:24.239.187.209

title: User talk:24.239.187.209


text: File:Rachelfunkydoryoriginal.jpg

title: File:Rachelfunkydoryoriginal.jpg


text: File:Fluke-proghistxxx.jpg

title: File:Fluke-proghistxxx.jpg


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Annual average daily traffic

Annual average daily traffic, abbreviated AADT, is a measure used primarily in transportation planning, transportation engineering and retail location selection. Traditionally, it is the total volume of vehicle traffic of a highway or road for a year divided by 365 days. AADT is a simple, but useful, measurement of how busy the road is.

AADT is the standard measurement for vehicle traffic load on a section of road, and the basis for some decisions regarding transport planning, or to the environmental hazards of pollution related to road transport.

Uses
One of the most important uses of AADT is for determining funding for the maintenance and improvement of highways.

In the United States, the amount of federal funding a state will receive is related to the total traffic measured across its highway network. Each year on June 15, every state's department of transportation (DOT) submits a Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) report. The HPMS report contains various information regarding the road segments in the state based on a sample (not all of the road segments) of the road segments. In the report, the AADT is converted to vehicle miles traveled (VMT). VMT is the AADT multiplied by the length of the road segment. To determine the amount of traffic a state has, the AADT cannot be summed for all road segments since an AADT is a rate. The VMT is summed and is used as an indicator of the amount of traffic a state has. For federal funding, formulas are applied to include the VMT and other highway statistics.

In the United Kingdom, AADT is one of a number of measures of traffic used by local highway authorities, National Highways, and the Department for Transport to forecast maintenance needs and expenditure.

Data collection
To measure AADT on individual road segments, traffic data is collected by an automated traffic counter, hiring an observer to record traffic or licensing estimated counts from GPS data providers. There are two different techniques of measuring the AADTs for road segments with automated traffic counters. One technique is called continuous count data collection method. This method includes sensors that are permanently embedded into a road and traffic data is measured for the entire 365 days. The AADT is the sum of the total traffic for the entire year divided by 365 days. There can be problems with calculating the AADT with this method. For example, if the continuous count equipment is not operating for the full 365 days due to maintenance or repair. Because of this issue, seasonal or day-of-week biases might skew the calculated AADT. In 1992, AASHTO released the AASHTO Guidelines for Traffic Data Programs, which identified a way to produce an AADT without seasonal or day-of-week biases by creating an "average of averages." For every month and day-of-week, a Monthly Average Day of Week (MADW) is calculated (84 per year). Each day-of-week's MADW is then calculated across months to calculate an Annual Average Day of Week (AADW) (7 per year). Finally, the AADWs are averaged to calculate an AADT. The United States Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has adopted this method as the preferred method in the FHWA Traffic Monitoring Guide.

While providing the most accurate AADT, installing and maintaining continuous count stations method is costly. Most public agencies are only able to monitor a very small percentage of the roadway using this method. Most AADTs are generated using short-term data collection methods sometimes known as the coverage count data collection method. Traffic is collected with portable sensors that are attached to the road and record traffic data typically for 2 – 14 days. These are typically pneumatic road tubes although other more expensive technology such as radar, laser, or sonar exist. After recording the traffic data, the traffic counts on the same road segment are taken again in another three years. The FHWA Traffic Monitoring Guide recommends performing a short count on a road segment at a minimum of every three years. There are many methods used to calculate an AADT from a short-term count, but most methods attempt to remove seasonal and day-of-week biases during the collection period by applying factors created from associated continuous counters. Short counts are taken either by state agencies, local government, or contractors.

For the years when a traffic count is not recorded, the AADT is often estimated by applying a factor called the Growth Factor. Growth Factors are statistically determined from historical data of the road segment. If there is no historical data, Growth Factors from similar road segments are used.

Similar measures

 * Annual average weekday traffic (AAWT) is similar to AADT but only includes Monday to Friday data. Public holidays are often excluded from the AAWT calculation.
 * Average summer daily traffic (abbreviated to ASDT) is a similar measure to the annual average daily traffic. Data collecting methods of the two are exactly the same, however the ASDT data is collected during summer only. The measure is useful in areas where there are significant seasonal traffic volumes carried by a given road.

title: Annual average daily traffic


text:
Noel Gugliemi

Noel Albert Gugliemi is an American actor best known for his portrayals of Southern Californian gangsters. Gugliemi played Hector in The Fast and the Furious and Furious 7, and loosely reprised the role for other media.

Early life and career
Gugliemi is of Italian and Mexican descent. He was abandoned by his parents, went homeless and soon entered into a criminal life for his late teenage years.

In 2001, at age 29, Gugliemi played Hector in The Fast and the Furious, which boosted his career. He reprised his role in Furious 7 and in the Fast & Furious music video, the latter alongside Chingy, iRome, Neil Brown Jr., Ray Lavender, Sarayah Love "Empire", and Chloe Riley.

Gugliemi is a Christian and began delivering motivational speeches at churches, schools and businesses in 2018. Although he often plays gangsters, Gugliemi discourages young people from involvement in such activity.

title: Noel Gugliemi


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Federico de Madrazo y Kuntz

Federico de Madrazo y Kuntz (9 February 1815 – 10 June 1894 ) was a Spanish painter.

Biography
Born in Rome, he was the son of José de Madrazo y Agudo, the painter and former Director of the Prado Museum. Federico's grandfather on his mother side was Tadeusz Kuntze, a Polish painter. His brothers were Luis de Madrazo, a painter, Pedro de Madrazo, an art critic and Juan de Madrazo, an architect. Among his children were Ricardo de Madrazo, also a painter, Raimundo de Madrazo y Garreta and Cecilia de Madrazo who married the great Orientalist artist, Marià Fortuny. The Madrazo family have been described as one of the most important painting dynasties, who literally dominated 19th-century painting in Spain.

He received his first instruction from his father. While still attending the classes at the Royal Academy of San Fernando, he painted his first picture, The Resurrection of Christ (1829), which was purchased by Queen Christina. Not long afterwards he painted Achilles in his Tent, and subsequently presented to the academy The Continence of Scipio, which secured him admission as a member "for merit".

While decorating the palace of Vista Alegre he took up portraiture. In 1832 he went to Paris, where he studied under Franz Winterhalter, and painted portraits of Baron Taylor and Ingres. In 1837 he was commissioned to produce a picture for the gallery at Versailles, and painted "Godfrey de Bouillon proclaimed King of Jerusalem". The artist then returned to Rome, where he worked at various subjects, sacred and profane. Then he painted Maria Christina in the Dress of a Nun by the Bedside of Ferdinand III (1843), Queen Isabella, The Duchess of Medinaceli, and The Countess de Vilches (1845–47), besides a number of portraits of the Spanish aristocracy, some of which were sent to the exhibition of 1855.

He received the Legion of Honour in 1846. He was made a corresponding member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts on 10 December 1853, and in 1873, on the death of Schnorr, the painter, he was chosen foreign member. Three years after his father left office, he also became Director of the Museo del Prado and president of the Academy of San Fernando. He originated in Spain the production of art reviews and journals, such as El Artista, El Renacimiento, and El Semanario pintoresco. He died in Madrid.

His brother, Luis de Madrazo, was also known as a painter, chiefly by his Burial of Saint Cecilia (1855). Federico's best-known pupils were his sons, Raimundo and Ricardo.

title: Federico de Madrazo y Kuntz


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William Radcliffe Birt

William Radcliffe Birt FRAS (15 July 1804–14 December 1881) was an English amateur astronomer in the 19th century. Birt was employed by John Herschel to carry out a great deal of meteorogical research on atmospheric waves, from 1839 to 1843. A lot of his work is held in the Scientist's Collection at the American Philosophical Society.

Probably on Herschel's recommendation, Birt became involved with the Kew Observatory in the later 1840s under the Directorship of Francis Ronalds. He analysed and published the latter's detailed atmospheric electricity and meteorological observations. They also worked together on a new design of kite for making meteorological recordings in the upper air. Birt was formally appointed in late 1849 as Ronalds’ assistant but their relationship soured shortly afterwards and Birt was requested by the Kew Committee to leave in mid-1850. In 1850 he published ‘The Hurricane Guide: Being an attempt to Connect the Rotary Gale or Revolving Storm with Atmospheric Waves’. Later, in 1853, he subsequently published a second book a ‘Handbook on the Law of Storms: being a digest of the Principal Facts of Revolving Storms’ a second edition of which appeared in 1879.

Although Birt published some papers on general astronomy, he is best remembered for his work in selenography, particularly work published in the Astronomical Register. He was the president of the short lived Selenographical Society. Birt was able to use the Hartwell Observatory for some of his work. For the last decade of his life he published a monthly guide to lunar observation. He also published, jointly with the Rev. W. J. B. Richards an introductory series of articles on how to observe the Moon.

The lunar crater Birt is named after him.

title: William Radcliffe Birt


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Danehof

Danehof ("Danish Court") was the name of the Danish medieval parliament which played a certain role between c. 1250 and 1413.

The precondition of the Danehof – like that of the Håndfæstning - was the growing power and opposition among Danish magnates after 1250. They wanted limitations of the royal power, especially of its right of legislation and taxation. The political weakness of the royal house during this period seems to have promoted its development. By 1282, King Eric V of Denmark had so offended the nobles throughout Denmark that he was forced to accept a Royal Charter (Håndfæstning), which limited his authority and guaranteed the ancient rights and customs which preserved the power of the nobles. About the details of the establishment and form of the Danehof, surprisingly little is known. It had to be gathered at a central site which was often Nyborg Castle on Funen, centrally located within the Lands of Denmark, but nothing is known of elections or procedures. Its members consisted only of magnates, clergy and noblemen. The king was to consult this parliament before he took greater steps especially of economic character. However, in several cases, the kings ignored the Danehof by omitting to summon it. By the creation of the first Haandfæstning in 1282, more defined rules were established. However, in reality the Danehof was only summoned at special occasions.

The disasters and chaos in Denmark during the 14th century did not strengthen the authority of the Danehof. Step by step it was ousted by not only the royal power but also by the Danish Council of the state (Rigsraadet), the Privy Council or inner circle of magnates that often controlled the king. Dating from the 1320s, it became the role of the Rigsraadet to rule together with the king and to manage the affairs of State.

title: Danehof


text: User talk:69.229.149.19

title: User talk:69.229.149.19


text: User talk:71.241.214.190

title: User talk:71.241.214.190


text: User talk:70.179.14.205

title: User talk:70.179.14.205


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TERENA

The Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association (TERENA, ) was a not-for-profit association of European national research and education networks (NRENs) incorporated in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The association was originally formed on 13 June 1986 as Réseaux Associés pour la Recherche Européenne (RARE) and changed its name to TERENA in October 1994. In October 2015, it again changed its name to GÉANT and at the same time acquired the shares of GEANT Limited (previously known as DANTE).

Purpose
The objectives of TERENA are to promote and develop high-quality international network infrastructures to support European research and education. This includes:

 * investigating, evaluating and deploying new network, middleware and application technologies;
 * supporting new networking services where appropriate;
 * knowledge transfer, among others in the shape of conferences, seminars and training events;
 * advising governments and other authorities on networking issues;
 * liaising with networking organisations in other parts of the world.

Full membership of TERENA is open to NRENs (one per member country of the ITU) and international public sector organisations. Associate membership is available for other organisations (commercial or otherwise) with an interest in research and education networking. A complete list of the current members can be found on the TERENA website.

Similar organisations elsewhere in the world include Internet2, APAN, UbuntuNet Alliance and CLARA (Cooperación Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas). In addition, DANTE operates the pan-European research and education backbone network.

RARE
TERENA was founded under the name Réseaux Associés pour la Recherche Européenne (RARE) on 13 June 1986. It was created by several European networking organisations to promote open computer networking standards (specifically the OSI protocols). The first few years were dominated by the Co-operation for Open Systems Interconnection Networking in Europe (COSINE) project. COSINE led to the implementation of some of the first standardised network-related services, for example X.400 email and X.500 directory service. X.25 technology was generally used for connectivity. This technology was also used in a network called IXI (International X.25 Infrastructure Backbone Service), which was the first generation of the backbone network interconnecting the national research networks in Europe, known today as GÉANT. To run the European backbone, RARE's Operational Unit was later split off from the association under the name DANTE.

Meanwhile, the need to choose between the OSI protocols and the Internet Protocol (IP) became the subject of a long-lasting controversy known as the Protocol Wars. By the early 1990s, IP became the dominant protocol in data networking. By 1991, a project called Ebone was proposed as an interim solution while the European research networking community made the transition from OSI to IP. The Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC) was created by RARE in 1992, and was split off five years later as a separate legal entity.

EARN
At the end of 1983 IBM had taken the initiative for the European Academic and Research Network (EARN), which would link selected computer centres in Europe via leased lines. It used similar technology to the BITNET in the US, and included email gateway capability. The EARN Association was set up as a legal entity in France in 1985. By 1993 it was clear that the EARN Association needed to merge with RARE, which it did on 20 October 1994. At the same time, RARE changed its name to TERENA.

Outreach
TERENA publishes annual editions of the TERENA Compendium of National Research and Education Networks in Europe, which contain information about the organisation, staffing, finances, user base, capacity, services and developments of NRENs, and serve as a benchmarking tool.

TERENA supports the development of research and education networking in less advanced countries and regions in and around Europe by studying their needs and by providing advice, consultancy and training.

TERENA organises foresight studies to look into the future development of European research and education networking. These studies included SERENATE (2002-2003), EARNEST (2006-2008) and ASPIRE (2011-2012).

Task forces and projects
TERENA supports joint European work in the development and testing of new networking, middleware and application technologies. It brings together specialists and engineers from TERENA member organisations and the wider research networking community. This work is organised in task forces and projects.

Task forces are groups where specialists in a certain field exchange information, discuss best practices and work together to investigate technologies for the development and deployment of services for the research and education community. Usually task forces are open for participation by any individual who can bring appropriate expertise and resources. By 2011, TERENA was supporting eight task forces: TF-CPR (communications and public relations), TF-CSIRT (collaboration of security incident response teams), TF-EMC2 (European middleware coordination and collaboration), TF-Media (media management and distribution), TF-MNM (mobility and network middleware), TF-MSP (management of service portfolios), TF-NOC (network operation centres) and TF-Storage (storage and cloud services).

TERENA projects are carried out by experts and engineers on the basis of a contract with TERENA. This requires funding from TERENA members and/or other interested organisations, possibly combined with a contribution from TERENA's own resources. A current example is REFEDS (Research and Education Federations).

In addition, the TERENA Secretariat staff participates in projects that are co-funded by the European Union, for example, the project that also provides EU funding for the GÉANT network.

Services
A number of services have been established as spin-offs of the work in the TERENA task forces and projects. eduroam provides researchers, teachers and students easy and secure network access when visiting other institutions than their own; the global governance of eduroam is under the auspices of TERENA. The TERENA Certificate Service provides digital certificates that are recognised by the major browsers and devices to the user communities of participating NRENs in a cost-effective manner. The TERENA Academic Certification Authority Repository (TACAR) is a trusted online store of trust anchor certificates, related certificate policies and certificate practice statements registered by the Certification Authorities of organisations in the academic community. The eduGAIN service allows Authentication and Authorisation Infrastructures to interact, enabling the sharing of data between federations and providing an interconnection framework to applications willing to provide their services, content or resources to multiple federations. NRENum.net provides an ENUM service for academia. TERENA's Trusted Introducer service offers an accreditation and certification scheme for Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs).

Conference
TERENA runs an annual conference for academic networkers called the TERENA Networking Conference. Usually held in late May or early June, the conference is hosted by a member NREN and attended by around 500 delegates from academic backgrounds including networking specialists and managers from European networking and research organisations, universities, worldwide sister institutions and industry representatives.

Conference locations: Tirana (2023), Trieste (2022), online (2021), Brighton (2020 - canceled), Tallinn (2019), Trondheim (2018), Linz (2017), Prague (2016), Porto (2015), Dublin (2014), Maastricht (2013), Reykjavík (2012), Prague (2011), Vilnius (2010), Málaga (2009), Bruges (2008), Kgs. Lyngby (2007), Catania (2006), Poznań (2005), Rhodes (2004), Zagreb (2003), Limerick (2002), Antalya (2001), Lisbon (2000), Lund (joint with NORDUnet conference; 1999), Dresden (1998).

The TERENA Networking Conference is the successor to the Joint European Networking Conference (JENC), which ran from 1990 to 1997. Locations: Edinburgh (1997), Budapest (1996), Tel Aviv (1995), Prague (joint with Internet Society's INET conference; 1994), Trondheim (1993), Innsbruck (1992), Blois (1991), Killarney (1990).

The JENC, in turn, was the successor to the RARE Networkshop, which ran from 1986 to 1989. Locations: Trieste (1989), Les Diablerets (1988), Valencia (1987), Copenhagen (1986). At the first workshop in this series, held in Luxembourg in May 1985, it was decided to create RARE.

Workshops and training
TERENA regularly organises workshops for information exchange and training. Training workshops include the TRANSITS workshops aimed at staff members of CSIRTs and the EuroCAMP workshops to teach NREN and campus staff how to implement federated identity infrastructure.

title: TERENA