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Craig Clevenger

Craig Clevenger (born 1964) is an American author of contemporary fiction. Born 1964 in Dallas, Texas, he grew up in Southern California, where he studied English at California State University, Long Beach. He is the author of three novels, The Contortionist's Handbook and Dermaphoria, both released by MacAdam/Cage, and Mother Howl, published by Datura. His work has been classified by some as neo-noir and has received praise from such authors as Chuck Palahniuk and Irvine Welsh.

Clevenger lists among his influences Jim Thompson, James M. Cain, Edgar Allan Poe, Richard Matheson, Italo Calvino, Kōbō Abe, Steve Erickson, Mark Danielewski, Will Christopher Baer, Seth Morgan, James Ellroy, Michael Hogan, John O'Brien, Michael Ventura and Rupert Thomson.

Clevenger's third novel, Mother Howl, is based on his short story The Fade, which he adapted into a short film with director Scott Krinsky.

He shares a fan base with fellow authors Will Christopher Baer and Stephen Graham Jones.

The Contortionist's Handbook
Clevenger's debut novel, The Contortionist's Handbook, was first published in 2002. It is the story of John Dolan Vincent, a prodigious forger who has been detained for a psychiatric interview following a near-fatal painkiller overdose. As the narrator bluffs his way through the interview in order to avoid being involuntarily institutionalized, he tells the reader his true story - the one he is not telling the psychiatrist - revealing both his past and the true nature of his circumstances. The Contortionist's Handbook has since been translated into five languages - German, Italian, Polish, Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese - as well as published in the United Kingdom by HarperCollins. Several other translations are forthcoming, including Russian and Japanese. Film rights for The Contortionist's Handbook were optioned in 2007 by Greenestreet Films. Miguel Sapochnik has been linked as director and Channing Tatum as star.

Dermaphoria
In 2005, MacAdam/Cage released Clevenger's second novel, Dermaphoria, the diary of an amnesiac LSD chemist who becomes addicted to a drug which synthesizes the feeling of human touch. Documentary film maker Ross Clarke will be making his narrative directorial debut with a film adaptation of the book adaptation. It has toured film festivals under the new name "Desiree" and now has a website. It has toured film festivals, and the director says news about its release will be released as soon as they are decided. It was filmed in New Orleans and stars Joseph Morgan, Ron Perlman, Walton Goggins and Kate Walsh. Musician Bill Brown composed the score for the film.

Mother Howl
Clevenger published his third novel, Mother Howl, in June 2023, through Angry Robot.

Fiction

 * The Contortionist's Handbook
 * Hardcover, 2002; ISBN 1-931561-15-X
 * Paperback, 2003; ISBN 1-931561-48-6

 * Dermaphoria
 * Hardcover, 2005; ISBN 1-931561-75-3
 * Paperback, 2006; ISBN 1-931561-75-3

 * Mother Howl
 * Paperback, 2023 ISBN 978-1915523037

Short fiction

 * "The Fade" on craigclevenger.com (2005)
 * "The Numbers Game" in San Francisco Noir 2 (2009)
 * "Mother Howl" on chuckpalahniuk.net (2009)
 * "Subcarrier" on chuckpalahniuk.net (2009)
 * "Mercury" in Sensitive Skin issue 3 (2010)
 * "Act of Contrition" in Warmed and Bound (2011)
 * "Obsolescence" in In Search of a City: Los Angeles in 1,000 Words (2011)
 * "Drunk & DC" in Barrelhouse magazine, issue 10 (2012)
 * "Chicken Wire" in //Black Clock// n°16 (2013)
 * "The Confession of Adelai Shade" in The Booked Anthology (2013)
 * "Vapor Trail" in The Sunday Rumpus (2014)

Nonfiction

 * "Thirteen Hours at the Oakland Strike" on Huffington Post (2011)
 * "Scotty's Last Name" on OccupyWriters.com (2011)
 * "Neglected Authors: Seth Morgan" on LitReactor.com (2013)
 * "High Priest of the Godless: A Jim Thompson Primer" on LitReactor.com (2013)

Short film
"Smoke and Mirrors" (2015) available from Six Finger Films (2015) due to this Kickstarter

title: Craig Clevenger


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Talk:BFPRT

This is wrong. The described algorithm is BFPRT not Quick Select.

 * Hi, did you mean that the algorithm is ALSO known as BFPRT or that the algorithm described is called BFPRT and quick select is a different algorithm? Cheers, --R.Koot 15:46, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

The later. QuickSelect is a different algorithm not based on groups of 5s, but on the pivot-selection step of quicksort.

 * I couldn't find anything under this name in Introduction to Algorithms and The Art of Computer Programming, which is a bit strange given what the acronym stands for and the authors of those books, but I trust you and Effiziente Algorithmen und Datenstrukturen so I moved it. --R.Koot 18:01, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:BFPRT


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Gokula

Gokula (also known as Veer Gokula or Gokul Dev; died on 1 January 1670) was a Zamindar of Tilpat region (of present-day Haryana) who led the Hindu Zamindars (specifically Jats) to a revolt against Mughal rule, during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.

Early life
Gokula (originally Ola or Gokul Dev) was born in a Hindu Jat family of Tilpat region (of Haga/Agre/Agha gotra) to Madu Haga and was the second son of the family in four brothers.

Battle of Tilpat
The Battle of Tilpat was fought between Jats and the Mughal Empire in 1669. Mughal Subahdars (governors) imposed heavy taxes on the farmers of this region due to bad financial conditions of the empire resulting from the continuous military expansion in the southern regions of the subcontinent. Due to this, dissatisfaction and anger among the local Zamindars arose and took the form of rebellion against Mughals. To suppress the rebellion Aurangzeb sent his commanders Hasan Ali Khan and Brahmdev Sisodia with a big army contingent of rajput and mughal soldiers as a reinforcement to Sadabad cantonment commanded by Abdul Nabi. The Jat chief Gokula, son of Tilpat Zamindar Madu Singh Jat led the rebellion of farmers. First confrontations of the rebellion continued for 4 days with the seizing of Tilpat and the farmers' counterattacks.

Rebellion
Abdul Nabi had also committed some excesses on the Jat Hindus, which incited the rebellion. Abdul Nabi established a cantonment near Gokul Singh and conducted all his operations from there. A battle was fought at the village of Sahora where in May 1669 Abdul Nabi was killed while attempting to seize it. Gokula and his fellow farmers moved further, attacking and destroying the Sadabad cantonment. This inspired the Hindus to fight against the Mughal rulers, who were there to destroy all Hindu rebels in exchange of Gokula's land and territories. The fighting continued for five months. In the meantime, after Gokula's death, Churaman had strengthened the Jat fort of Sinsini near Bharatpur, and they sacked regions around Agra and Delhi. Akbar's tomb was looted and according to legends the grave of Akbar was dug up.

Second Battle of Tilpat
In 1669, Gokula Singh with 20,000 followers faced the Mughals 20 miles from Tilpat. Abdul Nabi attacked them. At first he appeared to be gaining ground, but in the middle of the fighting he was killed on 12 May 1669 (21st Dhu al Hijja, 1079 A.H.). They retreated to Tilpat, where Hasan Ali followed and besieged them aided by reinforcements of 10,000 musketeers, 5,000 rocketmen, and 250 artillery pieces. Amanulla, the Faujdar of the environs of Agra was also sent to reinforce Hasan Ali.

Aftermath
Gokula and his uncle Uday Singh Jat won the battle. But after that Aurangzeb sent a big army to catch them. The Mughals caught them and then killed them on 1 January 1670 near Agra Fort. Gokula Jat and supporters became martyrs.

Gokula's son & daughter was made to convert to Islam by Aurangzeb.

Death
After his capture, Jat leader Gokula had his limbs cut off on orders of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, near Agra kotwali in January 1670.

title: Gokula


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Beverly Clock

The Beverly Clock is a clock in the 3rd-floor lift foyer of the Department of Physics at the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. The clock is still running despite never having been manually wound since its construction in 1864 by Arthur Beverly.

Operation
The clock's mechanism is driven by variations in daily temperature and, to a lesser extent, in atmospheric pressure. Either causes the air in a 1 cuft airtight box to expand or contract, which pushes on a diaphragm. A temperature variation of 6 F-change over the course of each day creates approximately enough pressure to raise a one-pound weight by one inch (equivalent to 13 mJ), which drives the clock mechanism.

A similar mechanism in a commercially available clock that operates on the same principle is the Atmos clock, manufactured by the Swiss watchmaker Jaeger-LeCoultre.

While the clock has not been wound since it was made, it has stopped on a number of occasions, such as when its mechanism needed cleaning or there was a mechanical failure, and when the Physics Department moved to new quarters. Also, on occasions when the ambient temperature does not fluctuate sufficiently to supply the requisite amount of energy, the clock will not function. However, after environmental parameters readjust, the clock begins operating again.

title: Beverly Clock


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/L-factor.net

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 10:58, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

L-factor.net
Forumcruft. Current contents are only useful to forum's insiders. Delete if this is non-notable or rewrite completely if it's notable. — J I P | Talk 12:15, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete classic forumcruft. From the article's History section: "Not really a huge amount to tell here, but ill go old school to jazz it up."  Alexa rank is 633,946, so no cleanup would help. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  12:34, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom. Filiocht | The kettle's on 13:58, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Masterhatch 18:03, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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The Entertainer (film)

The Entertainer is a 1960 British kitchen sink drama film directed by Tony Richardson, produced by Harry Saltzman and adapted by John Osborne and Nigel Kneale from Osborne’s stage play of the same name. The film stars Laurence Olivier as Archie Rice, a failing third-rate music-hall stage performer who tries to keep his career going even as the music-hall tradition fades into history and his personal life falls apart. Olivier was nominated for an Oscar for Best Actor in a Leading Role.

Plot
In 1956, Jean Rice, a young London art teacher, travels to a seaside resort to visit her family. She is emotionally confused, having had a row with her fiancé Graham, who wants her to emigrate with him to Africa. She also is deeply concerned about the Suez Crisis, having seen Mick, her soldier brother, go to the war. She has attended a peace rally in Trafalgar Square that was directed against prime minister Anthony Eden.

She finds that the resort has declined from its pre-war heyday and is now drawing waning crowds, despite being in midseason. The music-hall act of her father Archie Rice (Olivier) plays to a small number of increasingly uninterested spectators. Her family is deeply dysfunctional and her beloved grandfather Billy, once one of the leading stars of the music hall, lives in quiet retirement with Archie, Archie's second wife Phoebe and Archie's son Frank.

Jean goes to the theatre where her father is playing. As well as being an undischarged bankrupt and a semi-alcoholic, he is desperately short of money and is hounded by creditors—the income-tax people as well as his unpaid cast. He is adored by his cynical son Frank and watched with mild amusement by his father, but his relationship with Phoebe is strained. He is a womaniser, and she is well aware of his tendencies, openly commenting on them to the rest of the family. She is often found drinking heavily.

With his latest show drawing to a close, Archie is desperate to secure a new show for the winter season. While acting as master of ceremonies at a Miss Great Britain beauty contest, he charms Tina Lapford, the young woman who finished in second place. Soon he is involved in an affair with her. Her wealthy and ambitious parents want her to have an entertainment career and are willing to put up the money for Archie's new show, if it includes her. They shake hands on the deal.

While this is going on, the radio reports that Mick has been captured by the Egyptians at Suez after a major firefight. Archie seems oblivious of the news and the distress of his family. He is fixated with his dream of restarting his stalled career and his affair. Jean discovers the affair and tells her grandfather. Acting out of what he believes are his son's best interests, and not knowing of the money for the next show, Billy goes to the girl's parents and tells them that Archie is already married and bankrupt. They swiftly break off all connection with him.

While Archie is still digesting this turn of events, news arrives that Mick has been killed by the Egyptians. Mick's body is returned and a civic commemoration is attended by the whole town. It is reported that he will be awarded a Victoria Cross for his actions. Archie is still too busy fixating on his career to notice how his family is falling apart at the news. His brother-in-law wants to help the family to relocate to Canada and help him run a hotel, but Archie rebuffs him. Instead he persuades an impresario to promote a new show, with his father, who is keen to amend for stopping the Lapford funding, as the headline attraction. Billy, despite his age, is still extremely popular, and there is a public demand for his return.

On the opening night, Billy collapses and dies just before he's due on stage, completing the estrangement of the family. Phoebe and Frank are determined to make a future for themselves in Canada, whereas Archie is determined to stay in Britain, even if it means going to jail. The film ends with Archie making an apparently final performance to an apathetic audience.

Cast

 * Laurence Olivier as Archie Rice
 * Brenda de Banzie as Phoebe Rice
 * Roger Livesey as Billy Rice
 * Joan Plowright as Jean Rice (her film debut)
 * Alan Bates as Frank Rice (his film debut)
 * Daniel Massey as Graham, Jean's fiancé
 * Shirley Anne Field as Tina Lapford
 * Thora Hird as Mrs Lapford
 * Albert Finney as Mick Rice (his film debut)
 * Charles Gray as Columnist

Production
The film was based on the play of the same name, written by British playwright John Osborne. The play was produced in 1957, and the first performance was given on 10 April 1957 at the Royal Court Theatre with Laurence Olivier in the leading role of Archie Rice. Osborne wrote the play at Olivier's request. Osborne's 1956 play Look Back in Anger was adapted into a film in 1959, directed by Tony Richardson, and starred Richard Burton in the leading role. Osborne, with Nigel Kneale, wrote the screenplay for the film.

Osborne then decided to adapt The Entertainer, and co-wrote it again with Kneale. Richardson again was assigned to direct the film, and Canadian producer Harry Saltzman produced it. Olivier reprised his role as Archie Rice, along with Brenda de Banzie, who played Phoebe, his hapless wife. They were the only members of the original cast to reprise their roles in the film adaptation, though Joan Plowright, who had replaced Dorothy Tutin when the stage production moved from the Royal Court to the West End Theatre, was once again cast as Archie’s daughter Jean. Olivier, whose marriage to Vivien Leigh was disintegrating (they had married in 1940), went on to marry Plowright in March 1961.

Roger Livesey was cast as Archie's father Billy, despite being only one year older than Olivier. George Relph, the actor who originated the role in the play, died in April 1960.

This picture is Alan Bates' film debut. It is also Albert Finney's first film. Although Plowright is "introduced" in the credits, she had already appeared in two films: Moby Dick (1956) and Time Without Pity (1957).

Key cast and crew agreed to £45,000 of deferments, including £20,000 to Olivier against 17% of profits, and £5,000 each to Osborne, Saltzman and Richardson.

TCM's Felicia Feaster observes: "Tony Richardson (and fellow traveler, playwright John Osborne) typified this cinematic movement's trend for realism with an insistence on shooting on-location with natural sound and light." The insistence on realism caused budgetary problems. The film was budgeted at £193,000 but went over budget because of a variety of problems in production and post-production, including noise from seagulls in Morecambe.

In November 1959, The New York Times' Stephen Watts filed a substantial story from Stratford-upon-Avon in England, where Olivier was appearing in Shakespeare's Coriolanus and commuting to Morecambe, where The Entertainer was being filmed on location. Watts' story revealed that Olivier had two teeth filed to create Archie's distinctive gap, that late-season visitors who saw the display outside the Alhambra Theatre frequently asked to buy tickets and that many locals appeared in the film. Olivier also told Watts, "If at one time someone had offered me a job as a song-and-dance man in a seaside show, I'd have been glad to take it. I would have called myself Larry Oliver and been as happy as a lark."

According to the BFI, after the film was completed, Olivier said that he felt "like a modern actor again".

Years later, Richardson said in The Long-Distance Runner: An Autobiography: "I couldn't have articulated it, having never been introspective (but) "The Entertainer was a key moment in my development, because all the ideas and convictions I was to work with afterward were crystallized in its making." Of the character of Archie Rice, Richardson said he was "... the embodiment of a national mood... Archie was the future, the decline, the sourness, the ashes of old glory, where Britain was heading."

Filming location
It was filmed on location in the Lancashire seaside town of Morecambe.

Critical reception
The Entertainer was named one of 1960's ten best films by The New York Times ' film critics.

Olivier was nominated for an Oscar for Best Actor in a Leading Role.

The New York Times' Bosley Crowther suggested that viewers see the film "[a]s an antidote to all the bromides about show people being lovely folk, amusing, courageous, soft-hearted and dedicated to spreading sunshine in the world.... 'The Entertainer' is a devastating picture of a hollow, hypocritical heel and of the pitiful people around him who are drowned in his grubby vanity.... Yet it works out to a fascinating picture, for one reason because of its superior illustrative performance and, for another, because of its striking mise en scène. Mr. Olivier is nothing short of brilliant.... Director Tony Richardson has imaged the cheapness of a seaside music hall, of grubby 'digs' and the midway surroundings in such a way as to have them all but smell...."

Rotten Tomatoes lists the film with a 79% "fresh rating" based on 14 reviews.

Leonard Maltin gives the film 3 1/2 out of 4 stars: "Film captures flavor of chintzy seaside resort, complementing Olivier's brilliance as egotistical song-and-dance man.... Film debuts of Bates and Finney."

Box office
Despite the critical acclaim, the film was a box-office disappointment. TCM's Felicia Feaster observes: "Critics ... tended to either love or hate the film. And despite a remarkable performance, Olivier ultimately never achieved the stunning success and adoration with the cinematic version that he had enjoyed with the play."

title: The Entertainer (film)


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Foundation for Student Housing in the Helsinki Region

Foundation for Student Housing in the Helsinki Region (HOAS, Helsingin seudun opiskelija-asuntosäätiö, Helsingforsregionens studentbostadsstiftelse) is the largest student housing provider operating in the Helsinki metropolitan area.


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Stephen Graham Jones

Stephen Graham Jones (born January 22, 1972) is a Blackfeet Native American author of experimental fiction, horror fiction, crime fiction, and science fiction. His works include the horror novels The Only Good Indians, My Heart is a Chainsaw, and Night of the Mannequins.

Jones is the Ineva Baldwin Professor of English at the University of Colorado, where he has been a faculty member since 2008.

Background
Stephen Graham Jones was born in Midland, Texas, on January 22, 1972, to Dennis Jones and Rebecca Graham. He is an enrolled member of the Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation of Montana.

Jones's enthusiasm for reading began at the early age of 11, however, as a boy he had aspirations to be a farmer, never a teacher or a writer. After completing a semester of college, Jones decided to continue to pursue his degree while still having the intention to return to a manual labor job post-grad.

Jones received his Bachelor of Arts degree in English and Philosophy from Texas Tech University in 1994, a Master of Arts degree in English from the University of North Texas in 1996, and his Ph.D. in 1998 from Florida State University.

After graduating with his Ph.D. in 1998, Jones worked in a warehouse in Texas until a back injury sentenced him to a desk job. Jones worked at the Texas Tech Library until going on to teach at Texas Tech University and the University of West Texas.

Writing career
While he was attending Florida State University, Jones's dissertation director introduced him to Houghton-Mifflin editor Jane Silver at the Writers' Harvest conference. Jones pitched her a novel which he had not yet written, and Silver liked the idea. Jones then wrote the book, The Fast Red Road, as his dissertation. It was published as his debut novel in 2000. It was followed by All the Beautiful Sinners in 2003.

In 2002, Jones won a National Endowment for the Arts fellowship in fiction. In 2006, he won the Jesse Jones Award for Fiction from the Texas Institute of Letters for his 2005 short story collection Bleed Into Me. He won the Bram Stoker Award for Best Long Fiction for Mapping the Interior in 2017.

The Only Good Indians, a horror novel, was published on July 14, 2020, through Saga Press and Titan Books. It won the Ray Bradbury Prize for Science Fiction, Fantasy & Speculative Fiction in 2020. Jones won two 2020 Bram Stoker Awards for Night of the Mannequins and The Only Good Indians.

Jones contributed an X-Men story to Marvel Comics' Marvel's Voices: Indigenous Voices #1 anthology, release in November 2020. Joining him was artist David Cutler.

Themes and style
Jones has acknowledged a debt to Native American Renaissance writers, especially Gerald Vizenor. Scholar Cathy Covell Waegner describes Jones's work as containing elements of "dark playfulness, narrative inventiveness, and genre mixture." Jones also cites the novels of Louis L'Amour as an influence on his development as a writer, stating that "For better or worse, those pulp westerns are now part of my DNA as a writer."

Joseph Gaudet cited Jones' writing as "post-ironic" or representative of David Foster Wallace's "New Sincerity," a literary approach "emerging in response to the cynicism, detachment, and alienation that many saw as defining the postmodern canon," seeking instead "to more patently embrace morality, sincerity, and an 'ethos of belief.' His eighth novel, Ledfeather, which Jones stated was the most widely taught of his books, is used as Gaudet's primary example.

Jones has a natural inclination towards the sentimental and speculates that the dark and chilling nature of his writing is an overcorrection on his part. Jones enjoys the constant escalation of the bizarre but uses humor to release building pressure in order to build anticipation once more for the reader. Jones’ novels can be described as Native American Gothic, or Rez Gothic: a niche publishing genre characterized as using fantasy, science fiction and horror to shed light on racial inequalities such as the one referenced through Jones’ novel title The Only Good Indians.

Personal life
Jones and his wife Nancy married on May 20, 1995. They have two children together.

Jones resides in Boulder, Colorado with his wife, son and daughter. He teaches at the University of Colorado as the Ineva Reilly Baldwin Endowed Chair. Jones enjoys returning to northern Montana in July to attend the Blackfeet Nation Pow Wow and in November for the annual Montana Blackfeet elk hunt. This annual elk hunt inspired Jones’ novel The Only Good Indians.

Short stories

 * "Men, Women, and Chainsaws." Tor.com. 2022. ISBN 9781250850874.
 * "Men, Women, and Chainsaws." Tor.com. 2022. ISBN 9781250850874.
 * "Men, Women, and Chainsaws." Tor.com. 2022. ISBN 9781250850874.
 * "Men, Women, and Chainsaws." Tor.com. 2022. ISBN 9781250850874.
 * "Men, Women, and Chainsaws." Tor.com. 2022. ISBN 9781250850874.
 * "Men, Women, and Chainsaws." Tor.com. 2022. ISBN 9781250850874.
 * "Men, Women, and Chainsaws." Tor.com. 2022. ISBN 9781250850874.

Comics

 * 'Dear Final Girls' (2019) art by Jolyon Yates, originally published in the Horror Special issue of 'Wicked Awesome tales' edited by Todd Jones.
 * 'Dear Final Girls' (2019) art by Jolyon Yates, originally published in the Horror Special issue of 'Wicked Awesome tales' edited by Todd Jones.

title: Stephen Graham Jones


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Steven Sweet

Steven Sweet (born Steven Chamberlin on October 29, 1965) is an American drummer, based in Los Angeles, who is most famous for being a member of Warrant.

Personal information
Before joining Warrant he was in the glam metal band Plain Jane with Jani Lane. He lives with his wife Beth, a graduate of the Carnegie Mellon drama program and a musical artist in her own right. In addition to touring with the band Warrant, Steven divides his time between studio session work, songwriting and portrait painting. He has a daughter. Steven has his own business: painting portraits of pets.

Steven grew up playing the drums and whatever instruments were available in the household. The second son in a family of three multi-talented boys, Steven showed artistic talent from an early age, creating illustrations, paintings and gifts. He also displayed an ability to mimic the styles of his favorite drummers. Along with this ability came a remarkable vocal range. At age 15 he was performing the music of Rush, Van Halen, AC/DC and many others in bar bands with his brother, David (a studio owner and musical producer based out of the Los Angeles area.) Steven designed logos, album artwork and marketing materials while still in his teens.

Warrant
Steven Sweet replaced original Warrant drummer Max Asher. He joined the band with lead singer and songwriter, Jani Lane (John Oswald) both of whom were born and raised near Cleveland, Ohio (specifically, the Akron area). After touring the club circuit in southern Florida in separate bands, Steven and Jani moved to the Los Angeles area. Steven, along with Jani were signed to the Columbia record label within two years of their arrival and subsequent collaboration with Erik Turner and Jerry Dixon of Warrant. Steven played the driving rhythms and sang backup vocals on the album Dirty, Rotten, Filthy, Stinkin Rich which quickly sold 500,000 units thus making it a certifiable "Gold Record." The album produced a number two hit on the Billboard Top 40, a ballad entitled "Heaven". Only the duo Milli Vanilli stood between Warrant and a number one hit. The band toured heavily, pushing the album into Platinum and quickly followed up with a second album, Cherry Pie which also went Platinum.

The band's videos were iconic, particularly "Cherry Pie" which featured a young blonde beauty (Bobbie Brown) serving up homemade pie in back of a cherry red convertible. Steven participated in the recording and video performance of a collaborative single, along with stars of television, screen, and the Billboard charts - the proceeds of which benefitted AIDs research. The video captured the kind of energy evident in the previously released, "We Are The World" single. Steven can also be seen mugging for the camera on the band's own concert video which features videos, back-stage footage, interviews and a sample of the road trip that was Steven's life during the early years.

Warrant's sudden success and notoriety played havoc with the personal lives of its members. Steven experienced sudden prosperity and was soon living in the Hollywood Hills, visiting his home whenever there was a break in the touring schedule. Fortunes changed however with the commercial disappointment of Warrant's third release, Dog Eat Dog, despite the fact that the album was the band's most mature effort to date. Jani Lane was responsible for a couple of masterpiece tracks and the band never sounded so tight.

After Warrant's third studio album with Columbia, Dog Eat Dog, Steven Sweet was excluded from further touring with the band amidst the walkout of singer Jani Lane. With Joey Allen's departure soon after, the band members were not on good terms, though each continued to record on other projects. Steven and Joey remained good friends during the following decade.

Steven has since rejoined the new lineup of Warrant, consisting of all the original members, other than Jani Lane. Robert Mason, ex Lynch Mob vocalist has taken over vocal duties. Current lineup consists of Robert Mason, Joey Allen, Erik Turner, Jerry Dixon, and Steven. In 2008, Warrant announced a summer amphitheater tour with Cinderella and (George Lynch's) Lynch Mob.

Steven continues to record his own compositions when not touring. His vocal style is multifaceted, ranging from heavy rock, to soulful blues and R&B.

Equipment
Sweet currently uses Pearl drums, Remo drumheads, Sabian cymbals, and Ahead drumsticks.

with Warrant

 * Dirty Rotten Filthy Stinking Rich (1989)
 * Cherry Pie (1990)
 * Dog Eat Dog (1992)
 * Born Again (2006)
 * Rockaholic (2011)
 * Louder Harder Faster (2017)

title: Steven Sweet


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The Entertainer (rag)

"The Entertainer" is a 1902 classic piano rag written by Scott Joplin.

It was sold first as sheet music by John Stark & Son of St. Louis, Missouri, and in the 1910s as piano rolls that would play on player pianos. The first recording was by blues and ragtime musicians the Blue Boys in 1928, played on mandolin and guitar.

As one of the classics of ragtime, it returned to international prominence as part of the ragtime revival in the 1970s, when it was used as the theme music for the 1973 Oscar-winning film The Sting. Composer and pianist Marvin Hamlisch's adaptation reached No. 3 on the Billboard pop chart and spent a week at No. 1 on the easy listening chart in 1974.

The Recording Industry Association of America ranked it at No. 10 on its "Songs of the Century" list.

Music
"The Entertainer" is subtitled "A Rag Time Two Step", which was a form of dance popular until about 1911, and a style which was common among rags written at the time.

Its structure is: Intro–AA–BB–A–CC–Intro2–DD.

It is primarily set in the key of C major; however, for the C section (commonly referred to as the "Trio"), it modulates to F major, then shifts back to C major for the D section. The B section contains an indication that the melody is to be played an octave higher on the repeat.

In the June 7, 1903, St. Louis Globe-Democrat, contemporary composer Monroe H. Rosenfeld described "The Entertainer" as "the best and most euphonious" of Joplin's compositions to that point. "It is a jingling work of a very original character, embracing various strains of a retentive character which set the foot in spontaneous action and leave an indelible imprint on the tympanum". Joplin may have performed the piece at a fundraiser in Parsons, Kansas, on April 27, 1904.

Suggested by the rag's dedication to "James Brown and his Mandolin Club", author Rudi Blesh wrote that "some of the melodies recall the pluckings and the fast tremolos of the little steel-stringed plectrum instruments". Stark issued an arrangement of the piece for two mandolins and a guitar.

Several sets of lyrics have been set to "The Entertainer". The most popular version appeared on the Muppet Show in Episode 203, sung by Milton Berle, who explains to the viewers that few are aware that there were lyrics for the song, which according to him are about "the performers, the entertainers during the heyday of Vaudeville". He is then joined in singing by several Muppets. More recently in 2020, Oscar Brown Jr. wrote a new set of lyrics to "The Entertainer" as a tribute to Joplin.

Publication
The copyright on "The Entertainer" was registered December 29, 1902, along with two other Joplin rags, "A Breeze from Alabama" and "Elite Syncopations", all three of which were published by Stark. The centerpiece of the original cover art featured a minstrel show caricature of a black man in formal attire on a theater stage.

Popularity and legacy
In November 1970, Joshua Rifkin released a recording called Scott Joplin: Piano Rags on the classical label Nonesuch, which featured as its second track "The Entertainer". It sold 100,000 copies in its first year and eventually became Nonesuch's first million-selling record. The Billboard Best-Selling Classical LPs chart for September 28, 1974, has the record at No. 5, with the follow-up, Volume 2, at No. 4, and a combined set of both volumes at No. 3. Separately both volumes had been on the chart for sixty-four weeks. The album was nominated in 1971 for two Grammy Award categories, Best Album Notes and Best Instrumental Soloist Performance (without orchestra), but at the ceremony on March 14, 1972, Rifkin did not win in any category. In 1979 Alan Rich in the New York Magazine wrote that by giving artists like Rifkin the opportunity to put Joplin's music on disk, Nonesuch Records "created, almost alone, the Scott Joplin revival".

Marvin Hamlisch lightly adapted and orchestrated Joplin's music for the 1973 film The Sting, for which he won an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and Adaptation on April 2, 1974. His version of "The Entertainer" reached No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 on May 18, 1974, prompting The New York Times to write, "the whole nation has begun to take notice". Thanks to the film and its score, Joplin's work became appreciated in both the popular and classical music worlds, becoming (in the words of music magazine Record World), the "classical phenomenon of the decade". In the United States, "The Entertainer" is one of many songs commonly played by ice cream trucks to attract attention.

"The Entertainer" is popular as telephone hold music in many companies.

title: The Entertainer (rag)


text:
Talk:Frege's propositional calculus

Unicodify?
Is space a critical issue on Wikipedia? The last edit brags of the space saved by Unicodify. But is now harder to edit on many browsers... Nahaj 01:50, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

Third axiom unnecessary
The article lists the following three axioms of implication:

THEN-1:	A → (B → A)

THEN-2:	(A → (B → C)) → ((A → B) → (A → C))

THEN-3:	(A → (B → C)) → (B → (A → C))

It seems to me that THEN-3 follows from THEN-1 and THEN-2. This is because the first two are enough to prove the deduction theorem. Therefore, in order to prove THEN-3, it is enough to show A → (B → C) ├ B → (A → C). Using the deduction theorem again, it is in turn enough to show A → (B → C), B ├ (A → C), and in turn, A → (B → C), B, A ├ C, which is obvious.

Can anybody confirm that THEN-3 was part of Frege's original axiom system? 136.152.196.167 (talk) 02:27, 3 March 2008 (UTC)
 * FWIW, the article on Begriffsschrift, the book where the axioms were originally published, lists THEN-3 as an axiom. I can't read German, nor do I have access to a translation, so I can't personally confirm that. Metamath's entry for the statement also lists it as a Frege axiom, and that page also establishes its derivation from the first two axioms. -happy5214 03:24, 19 October 2019 (UTC)

Standard PC system???
What is the "standard calculus" with 11 axioms? Reference please. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sciken (talk • contribs) 05:00, 21 April 2017 (UTC)
 * As the author, surely you know what this "standard PC" is? I could not find a "standard" PC axiom system with 11 axioms doing a couple of Google searches. Even the work cited (which I found on the author's faculty page and will link shortly) only lists 10 axiom schemata for PC. It really needs to be cited and named something other than "standard", because it clearly isn't a recognized standard axiom system. -happy5214 11:50, 18 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Here is the source: Introduction to Mathematical Logic by Vilnis Detlovs and Karlis Podnieks, section 1.3. The appellation “standard” would be my misnomer/misinterpretation. —AugPi 20:36, 1 November 2019 (UTC)

Proof of Theorem 10
The justifications for steps 4 and 5 of Theorem 10 seem wrong. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.7.163.210 (talk) 21:53, 20 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Frege's propositional calculus


text: User talk:204.39.176.24

title: User talk:204.39.176.24


text: User talk:204.14.13.162

title: User talk:204.14.13.162


text:
Mslexia

Mslexia is a British magazine for women writers, founded and edited by Debbie Taylor. Mslexia contains articles and resources on writers, writing, and publishing. Writers who have contributed articles include Diana Evans, Helen Mort, Hannah Lowe, Jackie Kay and Malika Booker. It was first published in March 1999 and is produced four times a year. Mslexia has about 11,000 subscribers.

Name
The name is a portmanteau of Ms, for woman, and lexia, meaning words.

According to the official Mslexia website: "Mslexia means women's writing (ms = woman lexia = words). Its association with dyslexia is intentional. Dyslexia is a difficulty, more prevalent in men, with reading and spelling. Mslexia is a difficulty, more prevalent in women, with getting into print. Mslexia is the complex set of conditions and expectations that prevents women, who as girls so outshine boys in verbal skills, from becoming successful authors. The magazine Mslexia aims to define, explore and help overcome the condition of mslexia and provide a platform and playground for women writers. Its intention is to provide information, guidance and inspiration for published and unpublished authors, and improve the quality and standing of women's literature.''"

Content
Each quarter, a guest judge picks the best prose and poetry new writing on a theme specified in a previous issue. Past guest judges have included Val McDermid, Kirsty Gunn, Deborah Moggach, and Helen Simpson.

There are also opportunities for readers to contribute to the rest of the magazine, such as the autobiographical and Flash fiction sections which also have set themes.

Competitions
Mslexia runs several annual writing competitions, with categories across short story, flash fiction and poetry, and a novel competition with a first prize of £5,000. Past judges have included U. A. Fanthorpe and R. V. Bailey (Poetry Competition; 2007), Katherine Rundell (Children's Novel Competition; 2018) and Hilary Mantel (Adult Novel Competition; 2021).

The back section of the magazine contains book reviews and listings including national and regional events, competitions, writing courses and publications seeking submissions.

Controversy
In September 2020, the magazine asked author Amanda Craig to step down as a competition judge after she signed an open letter to The Sunday Times criticising online abuse of J. K. Rowling. Rowling's comments on gender and sex had become the focus of a divisive debate on social media. In a statement to The Bookseller, the magazine's board said: "if a Mslexia judge expresses views that threaten to undermine Mslexia's climate of welcome and inclusivity, we will always ask her to step down from that role."

title: Mslexia


text:
Jakob Martin Strid

Jakob Martin Strid is a Danish cartoonist, who is known throughout Denmark for his successful series Strid in the Danish newspaper Politiken.

Before his mainstream success he drew for the socialist paper Socialisten; both runs consisted mostly of satire on political events. He is decidedly on the political left, but every public figure is a target. His Strid series in Politiken featured (mostly) the artist himself (as his sobriquet Strid) drawing, inviting guests and wandering off into intentionally far-fetched plots. There was much controversy around the strip when it ran in Politiken as he expressed sympathy with the Rote Armee Fraktion.

In 2012, Strid received the Danish Crown Prince Couple's Culture Prize.

title: Jakob Martin Strid


text:
Scar (disambiguation)

A scar is a mark left behind after a wound has healed.

Scar(s) may also refer to:

Places

 * Scar, Orkney, a village on the island of Sanday, Orkney, Scotland, site of the Scar boat burial
 * Scar Ridge, a summit in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, US

Science

 * Scar (physics), a fingerprint of quantum chaos
 * Meander scar, a geological feature

Fictional characters

 * Scar (Alien vs. Predator), a predator in the 2004 film Alien vs. Predator
 * Scar (comics), a villain in the Green Lantern comics series
 * Scar (Cylon), a Cylon Raider from the eponymous episode (see below) of Battlestar Galactica
 * Scar (Fullmetal Alchemist), a character in the anime/manga series
 * Scar (The Lion King), a lion from the film The Lion King
 * Scar, leader of the Comanche tribe in the film The Searchers (1956)

Films

 * The Scar (1919 film), a lost American silent film
 * The Scar (1948 film) or Hollow Triumph, an American film directed by Steve Sekely
 * The Scar (1976 film), a Polish film directed by Krzysztof Kieślowski
 * Scar (film), a 2007 horror film starring Angela Bettis
 * Scars (2006 film), a television docudrama starring Jason Isaacs
 * Scars (2020 film), a short documentary film by Alex Anna

Literature

 * Scar literature, a genre of Chinese literature
 * The Scar (novel), a 2002 science fiction/fantasy book by China Miéville
 * Scars, a novel for young adults by Cheryl Rainfield

Music

 * Scars (band), a Scottish post-punk band
 * Scars, a blues-rock band featuring Gary Moore

Albums

 * Scar (Joe Henry album) or the title song, 2001
 * Scar (Lush album), 1989
 * Scars (Basement Jaxx album) or the title song, 2009
 * Scars (Gary Moore album), by the blues-rock band Scars, 2002
 * Scars (Soil album), 2001

Songs

 * "Scar" (song), by Missy Higgins, 2004
 * "Scars" (Allison Iraheta song), 2009
 * "Scars" (James Bay song), 2015
 * "Scars" (Lukas Graham song), 2020
 * "Scars" (Natalie Imbruglia song), 2010
 * "Scars" (Papa Roach song), 2005
 * "Scars" (Stray Kids song), 2021
 * "Scars" (Tove Lo song), 2016
 * "Scars" (X Japan song), 1996
 * "Scar", by All Saints from Studio 1, 2006
 * "Scar", by American Hi-Fi from American Hi-Fi, 2001
 * "Scar", by Ashton Irwin from Superbloom, 2020
 * "Scar", by Foxes from All I Need, 2016
 * "Scars", by Drake Jensen, 2012
 * "Scars", by I Prevail from Lifelines, 2016
 * "Scars", by Medina from Forever, 2012
 * "Scars", by Miley Cyrus from Can't Be Tamed, 2010
 * "Scars", by Rush from Presto, 1989
 * "Scars", by Sam Smith from The Thrill of It All, 2017
 * "Scars", by tobyMac from The Elements, 2018
 * "Scars", by Vanilla Ice from Hard to Swallow, 1998
 * "Scars", by Will Young from Lexicon, 2019
 * "Scars", by Baby Keem from The Melodic Blue, 2021

Television episodes

 * "Scar" (Battlestar Galactica)
 * "The Scar" (Fullmetal Alchemist)
 * "Scars" (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)
 * "Scars" (The Dead Zone)
 * "Scars" (The Walking Dead)

title: Scar (disambiguation)


text:
Load-link/store-conditional

In computer science, load-linked/store-conditional (LL/SC), sometimes known as load-reserved/store-conditional (LR/SC), are a pair of instructions used in multithreading to achieve synchronization. Load-link returns the current value of a memory location, while a subsequent store-conditional to the same memory location will store a new value only if no updates have occurred to that location since the load-link. Together, this implements a lock-free, atomic, read-modify-write operation.

"Load-linked" is also known as load-link, load-reserved, and load-locked.

LL/SC was originally proposed by Jensen, Hagensen, and Broughton for the S-1 AAP multiprocessor at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

Comparison of LL/SC and compare-and-swap
If any updates have occurred, the store-conditional is guaranteed to fail, even if the value read by the load-link has since been restored. As such, an LL/SC pair is stronger than a read followed by a compare-and-swap (CAS), which will not detect updates if the old value has been restored (see ABA problem).

Real implementations of LL/SC do not always succeed even if there are no concurrent updates to the memory location in question. Any exceptional events between the two operations, such as a context switch, another load-link, or even (on many platforms) another load or store operation, will cause the store-conditional to spuriously fail. Older implementations will fail if there are any updates broadcast over the memory bus. This is called weak LL/SC by researchers, as it breaks many theoretical LL/SC algorithms. Weakness is relative, and some weak implementations can be used for some algorithms.

LL/SC is more difficult to emulate than CAS. Additionally, stopping running code between paired LL/SC instructions, such as when single-stepping through code, can prevent forward progress, making debugging tricky.

Nevertheless, LL/SC is equivalent to CAS in the sense that either primitive can be implemented in terms of the other, in O(1) and in a wait-free manner.

Implementations
LL/SC instructions are supported by:
 * Alpha: ldl_l /stl_c and ldq_l /stq_c
 * PowerPC/Power ISA: lwarx/stwcx and ldarx/stdcx
 * MIPS: ll/sc and lld/scd
 * ARM: ldrex/strex (ARMv6, v7 and v8-M ), and ldxr/stxr (ARMv8-A )
 * RISC-V: lr/sc
 * ARC: LLOCK/SCOND

Some CPUs require the address being accessed exclusively to be configured in write-through mode.

Typically, CPUs track the load-linked address at a cache-line or other granularity, such that any modification to any portion of the cache line (whether via another core's store-conditional or merely by an ordinary store) is sufficient to cause the store-conditional to fail.

All of these platforms provide weak LL/SC. The PowerPC implementation allows an LL/SC pair to wrap loads and even stores to other cache lines (although this approach is vulnerable to false cache line sharing). This allows it to implement, for example, lock-free reference counting in the face of changing object graphs with arbitrary counter reuse (which otherwise requires double compare-and-swap, DCAS). RISC-V provides an architectural guarantee of eventual progress for LL/SC sequences of limited length.

Some ARM implementations define platform dependent blocks, ranging from 8 bytes to 2048 bytes, and an LL/SC attempt in any given block fails if there is between the LL and SC a normal memory access inside the same block. Other ARM implementations fail if there is a modification anywhere in the whole address space. The former implementation is the stronger and most practical.

LL/SC has two advantages over CAS when designing a load–store architecture: reads and writes are separate instructions, as required by the design philosophy (and pipeline architecture); and both instructions can be performed using only two registers (address and value), fitting naturally into common 2-operand ISAs. CAS, on the other hand, requires three registers (address, old value, new value) and a dependency between the value read and the value written. x86, being a CISC architecture, does not have this constraint; though modern chips may well translate a CAS instruction into separate LL/SC micro-operations internally.

Extensions
Hardware LL/SC implementations typically do not allow nesting of LL/SC pairs. A nesting LL/SC mechanism can be used to provide a MCAS primitive (multi-word CAS, where the words can be scattered). In 2013, Trevor Brown, Faith Ellen, and Eric Ruppert implemented in software a multi-address LL/SC extension (which they call LLX/SCX) that relies on automated code generation; they have used it to implement one of the best-performing concurrent binary search tree (actually a chromatic tree), slightly beating the JDK CAS-based skip list implementation.

title: Load-link/store-conditional


text:
FR-V (microprocessor)

The Fujitsu FR-V (Fujitsu RISC-VLIW) is one of the very few processors ever able to process both a very long instruction word (VLIW) and vector processor instructions at the same time, increasing throughput with high parallel computing while increasing performance per watt and hardware efficiency. The family was presented in 1999. Its design was influenced by the VPP500/5000 models of the Fujitsu VP/2000 vector processor supercomputer line.

Featuring a 1–8 way very long instruction word (VLIW, Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD), up to 256 bit) instruction set it additionally uses a 4-way single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) vector processor core. A 32-bit RISC instruction set in the superscalar core is combined with most variants integrating a dual 16-bit media processor also in VLIW and vector architecture. Each processor core is superpipelined as well as 4-unit superscalar.

A typical integrated circuit integrates a system on a chip and further multiplies speed by integrating multiple cores. Due to the very low power requirements it is a solution even for battery-powered applications.

Variants
The family started with the FR-500, includes FR-300, FR-400, FR-450, FR-550 and FR1000 architecture 32-bit processors, can run Linux, RTLinux, VxWorks, eCos, or ITRON and is also supported by the Softune Integrated development environment and the GNU Compiler Collection or GNUPro.

It is often used for image processing or video processing with most variants including a dual 16-bit media-processor.

Technology
The 2005 presented FR1000 uses a core with 8-way 256-bit VLIW (MIMD) filling its superpipeline as well as a 4-unit superscalar architecture (Integer (ALU)-, Floating-point- and two media-processor-units), further increasing its peak performance of each core to up to 28 instructions per clock cycle. Like other VLIW-architectures 1 way is needed to load the next 256-bit instruction: 7-ways usable. Due to the used 4-way single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) vector processor-core, it counts to up to 112 data-operations per cycle and core. The included 4-way vector processor units are a 32-bit integer arithmetic logic unit and floating point unit as well as a 16-bit media-processor, which can process up to twice the operations in parallel.

The included integer- and floating-point unit enables the FR-V to execute complex tasks fully independent without need for help from a control unit; for example the Nikon Expeed needs only a slowly clocked, quite simple Fujitsu FR controller as the main control unit for all included FR-V, DSP and GPU processors and data communication and other modules. Some processors have integrated memory management unit (MMU), allowing to run virtual multitasking operating systems (also real-time operating systems) with hardware memory protection.

Applications
They are used to build the Milbeaut signal processors specialized for image processing, with the newest version additionally including an FR-V based HD video H.264 codec engine.

The Milbeaut image engines are included in the Leica S2 and Leica M (Typ 240), Nikon DSLRs (see Nikon Expeed), some Pentax K mount cameras and for the Sigma True-II processor.

title: FR-V (microprocessor)


text:
User talk:Stephen Macgregor

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages or add a question to the village pump.
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Grinner 12:33, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stephen Macgregor


text: User talk:64.140.202.231

title: User talk:64.140.202.231


text:
Rick Steier

Rick Steier (born October 8, 1960, in Louisville, Kentucky ) is a guitarist who has played in the bands Warrant, Kingdom Come, Wild Horses, and KrunK/Kottak. Drummer and fellow Louisville native James Kottak was also in all these bands with Rick Steier.

With Kingdom Come

 * Kingdom Come (1988)
 * In Your Face (1989)

With Wild Horses

 * Bareback (1991)
 * Dead Ahead (2003)

With Warrant

 * Ultraphobic (1995)
 * Belly to Belly Vol. 1 (1996)
 * Greatest & Latest (1999)
 * 10 Live! (2004)

title: Rick Steier


text:
Matthias Jabs

Matthias Jabs (born 25 October 1955) is a German musician, best known as the lead/rhythm guitarist of the hard rock band Scorpions. He has played on all but the first five Scorpions studio albums starting with Lovedrive (1979). He owns a music store, MJ Guitars, in Munich.

Career
Jabs was discovered by Scorpions' bassist Francis Buchholz, who had tutored him in mathematics to earn extra money while still in school. Buchholz subsequently recommended the band give him an audition after lead guitarist Uli Roth quit the band in 1978. Before joining the Scorpions, Jabs played for the bands Lady, Fargo and Deadlock.

Departure of Uli Roth
For Taken by Force, RCA Records made a determined effort to promote the album in stores and on the radio. The album's single, "Steamrock Fever", was added to some of RCA's radio promotional records, but Roth was not happy with the commercial direction the band was taking. Although he performed on the band's Japanese tour, he departed to form his own band, Electric Sun, prior to the release of the follow-up live album Tokyo Tapes. Tokyo Tapes was released in the US and Europe six months after its Japanese release. By that time in mid 1978, after auditioning around 140 guitarists, Scorpions recruited Matthias Jabs to replace Roth.

Michael Schenker's short stint back in the group
Following the addition of Jabs, Scorpions left RCA for Mercury Records in the United States and Harvest/EMI Electrola worldwide to record their next album, Lovedrive. Michael Schenker also returned to the group for a short period during the recordings for the album. This gave the band three guitarists (though Schenker's contribution to the final release was limited to only three songs). The result was Lovedrive, an album which some critics consider to be the pinnacle of their career. Containing such fan favourites as "Loving You Sunday Morning", "Always Somewhere", "Lovedrive", "Holiday" and the instrumental "Coast to Coast", it firmly cemented the 'Scorpions formula' of hard rock songs mixed with melodic ballads.

After the completion and release of the album the band decided to retain Michael in the band, forcing Jabs to leave. However, in April 1979, after only a few weeks on the tour, Michael quit. Jabs was immediately brought in to permanently replace him.

Jabs' playing style was a large part of Lovedrive's fresher, newer, heavier sound. This "Van Halen-like" sound would become the band's signature as it would propel them into superstardom in the 1980s.

In 2000, he was awarded the city of Hanover plaque and the Cross of Merit on Ribbon (Verdienstkreuz am Bande) of the Lower Saxony Order of Merit.

title: Matthias Jabs


text:
Morga

Morga is a municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain.

title: Morga


text:
SECR C class

The South Eastern and Chatham Railway (SECR) C Class is a class of 0-6-0 steam locomotive, designed by Harry Wainwright and built between 1900 and 1908. They were designed for freight duties, although occasionally used for passenger trains. They operated over the lines of the railway in London and south-east England until the early 1960s. One example was rebuilt as an S Class saddle tank.

History
The SECR held trials in November 1898 to decide on a standard freight locomotive design. Two existing 0-6-0 locomotives were tested: former London, Chatham and Dover Railway B2 class No. 194 designed by William Kirtley; and former South Eastern Railway O class No. 436 designed by James Stirling. The Kirtley design proved superior and a new order for 40 locomotives based on it was placed. These new locomotives were designed by Harry Wainwright, the new Chief Mechanical Engineer of the railway, and formed the first of the C class.

The first fifteen locomotives were constructed by Neilson, Reid and Company and delivered in June 1900, followed by a further fifteen from Sharp, Stewart and Company. The remainder were built by the SECR workshops at Ashford (70 examples 1900–1908) and Longhedge Works (9 examples 1903–4).

Operational use
The locomotives were used on freight services and occasional passenger excursion trains (such as hop-picking specials), throughout the SER between Reading railway station and the Kent Coast. The last twelve locomotives were fitted with steam carriage heating equipment to enable them to be used to haul and prepare empty stock for express trains. The remainder of the class were also so equipped by the Southern Railway after 1923.

Accidents

 * In March 1904, a passenger train hauled by No. 294 derailed at Gomshall, Surrey.
 * At 03:40 hrs on 5 May 1919, a goods train from Bricklayers Arms to Margate Sands, Kent overran signals and ran into the back of another goods train just to the west of Paddock Wood station, Kent. The Margate train was hauled by C class No. 721. It consisted of 50 goods vehicles including three brake vans. The other train was hauled by C class No. 61. The fireman of this train was killed in the accident. Although the main cause of the accident was the driver of the Margate train failing to obey signals, the signalman at Tonbridge East signal box was also censured for failure to give the driver adequate warning that although the train had been accepted by the signalman at Paddock Wood, the line was not clear. The signalman at Paddock Wood had accepted the train under Regulation No 5 - "Section clear but station or junction blocked".
 * On 18 February 1948, locomotive 1225 was wrongly routed into the north sidings at Goudhurst, Kent and derailed.
 * On 4 July 1958, an electric multiple unit overran signals and collided with an empty stock train hauled by locomotive No. 31461 at Maze Hill, London. Forty-five people were injured.

S class conversion
In 1917 one example, no. 685 was converted into an S class 0-6-0ST for use as a heavy-duty shunter at Richborough port which was then being used to ship locomotives and armoured equipment to the Western Front. After the War it was used as a shunter at Bricklayers Arms until 1951.

Withdrawal
In common with other freight locomotives in Southern England, the class was very heavily used during the Second World War and repairs and maintenance deferred. As a result, one locomotive had to be withdrawn in December 1947, but the remaining 107 examples entered service with British Railways in 1948. Withdrawals of the remainder of the class began in 1953, but accelerated after the Kent Coast electrification in 1959–1960. However, three examples (31271, 31280, 31592) remained in Departmental stock as shunters at Ashford Works until 1966.

Preservation
One, No. 592 (Southern Railway 1592, BR 31592), has been preserved on the Bluebell Railway. It was featured in the train scene of The Wind in the Willows (1996) and The Railway Children. In 2016, the locomotive was featured in the film, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them.

Models
Bachmann Branchline produces several versions of the C class in OO gauge with the initial release in 2013, they include the preserved example, as well as liveries from the Southern Railway and British Railways.

Bachmann announced on 8 January 2017 that an 'N' Gauge C Class would form part of their 2017 Graham Farish catalogue range. This is to be produced as SE&CR No. 271 in SE&CR plain green, as well as No. 1294 in Southern Railway Black and No. 31227 in British Railways Black with early British Railways emblem.

title: SECR C class


text: Category:South Eastern and Chatham Railway locomotives


text:
Mundaka

Mundaka (Mundaca) is a town and municipality located in the province of [Bizkaia]], in the autonomous community of Basque Country, in northern Spain. Mundaka is internationally renowned for the surfing community that takes advantage of its coast and unique oceanic conditions.

Mundaka is accessible from Bilbao by EuskoTren on the E4 Urdaibai line.

History
Mundaka is known as one of the most historically important places of the Lordship of Biscay, it is the believed birthplace of Jaun Zuria, the first Lord of Biscay, son of the Scottish princess who arrived in Mundaka escaping from an English King. The name of the town has Danish origin, and it is speculated that the town had Viking influence during the late first millennium, AD. According to the history of the Lordship, Mundaka has the oldest temple in Biscay. As a result, it has the first seat of the General Parliament.

The port is the centerpoint of the town, where the town initially expanded from. Most of the houses in Mundaka are medieval, designed as fishermans' houses that face towards the sea.

The anteiglesia of Mundaka was first mentioned in the year 1051 in the donation of the Dominion of Biscay to the Monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, and in 1070 in the donation of the aforementioned church to the Monastery of San Juan de la Peña.

The town was evacuated in 1811 during the Peninsular War by French troops, who had occupied the town, when Captain George Collier of the British Royal Navy sailed the H.M.S. Surveillante out of Bermeo through the Mundaca River. Lieutenant Aguiar y Mella tried to escape damaged coasts from shipwrecks while sailing along the Bay of Biscay, but was too, overwhelmed by French on the coast and sailed past the city to avoid confrontation with opposing troops.

Coat of arms and flag

 * Shield: The coat of arms of Mundaka is formed by an oak tree surrounded by gold with a wolf. The icon is surrounded by a red and grey checkerboard pattern.
 * Flag: The flag of Mundaka is composed of red silk with gold threaded embroidery.

Etymology
There is a well-known legend that attributes the name "Mundaka" to the Latin phrase "munda aqua" ('clean water'). This legend appears in the Chronicle of Biscay written by Lope García de Salazar[ es] in the 15th century. According to this story, a ship from Scotland carrying a princess who had been banished from her homeland arrived on the coast of Mundaka. The Scots called the place "in their Latin language, "Munda aqua", since there they had found a source of very clean water that contrasted with the murky waters of the estuary of Urdaibai. This princess would supposedly have a son, Jaun Zuria, and according to legend, Zuria would become the first Lord of Biscay. This legend may also explain why Mundaca is ranked as the first among the elizates of Biscay.

Apart from legends, the etymology of Mundaka is uncertain. The first written mention of Mundaka dates from 1070, when it was referred to as "Mondaka" in the writing of Ego Mome Nunnuç placuit in animis meis mitto in Sancti Johannis de Orioli de Aragone uno monasterio in Bickaga (Vizcaga) in locum quae dicitur Mondaka (Mondacha).

Some have sought a Norse origin for the name, based on the possible presence of a medieval Viking settlement in the area. In Danish, "mund" means "mouth", and "haka" means "promontory, cape". Mundaka lies precisely at the mouth of the estuary of the Oka river, which flows between Santa Catalina and Laida.

Others have related the town name to a stock of Basque phonemes with the endings "-aka", "-eka", "-ika", which are especially abundant in Biscay and which can be linked with the Celto-Italic suffix "-aka". To some, the origin of the name could be much older and it may be traceable back to an era in which Vizcaya could have been populated by a Celtic people.

Traditionally, the name was written as the Spanish "Mundaca", but in modern times, it is more commonly written as "Mundaka", which is an adaptation to the modern rules of spelling of the Basque language. "Mundaca" is usually regarded as the formal name in Castilian and "Mundaka" in Basque. Since 1982, the official name of the municipality has been "Mundaka". The new spelling variation was published in Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE) in 1989.

The demonym for someone from Mundaka is "mundaqués(a)" in Spanish and "mundakarra" in Basque.

Another possible theory for the orrigin for the name "Mundaca", is similar to "Munitibar" and "Munditibar", which contains the stem "Munio or Mundio", as in "Muniozguren" and "Munitiz", which refers to a hill or hillock. "-aka" is a suffix referring to a slope, as are "-ika" and "-eka" as well. Considering Mundaca's physical geography, the etymology is possible, i.e., on the slope of a hill.

Physical Geography
Mundaca shares its western border with the town of Bermeo, to the South with Pedernales, and to the East and North with the Cantabrian Sea. The island of Ízaro (Bermeo) and the extensive Laida sandy area are located off its coast. The municipal area is concentrated around the port at the feet of Mount Katillotxu (1,105 ft) and the alto de Betrocol.

The Errekatxu creek flows through the Laidatxu beach.

The coastal location of Mundaka allows for a mild climate year-round, with infrequent frost and flurrying.

The Oka River, also known as the Mundaca River, sits between the town of Laida and Point Santa Catalina de Mundaca.

Access

 * By road: from Bilbao: N-631; from Amorebieta: N-635.
 * Railway Bilbao-Bermeo line.
 * Bus Bilbao-Bermeo.
 * Puerto Mundaka.
 * In summer time, a ferry connects the town with the beach of Laida.

Population
The area has been populated since the Lower Paleolithic period, as attested to by the caves of Santimamiñe on the other side of the estuary and deposits found in Portuondo.

Before them the Romans arrived attracted by the marble of Ereño and whose presence bears witness to a branch of Roman roads in Balmaseda that reaches Bermeo.

It is speculated by some that the area was at one point inhabited by Vikings, who according to some authors, justify the presence of blond hair of blue eyes on the Basque coast, unlike the interior of the Basque region. Anton Erkoreka asserts its presence in the 9th century based on Arabic chronicles, medieval stories, and other anthropological data, while Jon Juaristi believes the presence of Northern European phenotypes could be the result of a small presence of exiled Saxons dethroned by the Vikings.

In 1876, the population was estimated to be around 2,000 people. The population peaked in 1911, reaching 2,284 residents, with population swings in the coming decades due to socioeconomic conditions. In 1915, the population was estimated to have fallen to 1,1918 people. In the 1950s, the population had dropped to 1,500 residents. In 1981, the population was 1,529. In 1991, the population slightly increased 1,641. In 2001, the population increased 1,853. In 2011, the population saw a slight increase to 1,943. In 2021, the population saw a slight dip to 1,859.

Government
The municipal power while the "immunity of Vizcaya" continued was exercised by the inhabitants. These were the only ones who could adopt ordinances, usages and customs that were to govern themselves, due to their nature of autonomous community and without having to submit to the terms for the granting of the Charter puebla, as happened to the villas. Thus, all mundaqueses, including the widows who were head of the family and could vote, gathered in Assembly or "stop cross" to achieve their agreements, chairing the "' faithful Alderman"'. Between the faculties of the faithful was the representation of the autonomous community in the County Councils of Biscay until they ceased to meet due to the abolition of immunity in 1876. Since then, the post became known as Mayor. Since the transition, the Basque Nationalist Party governs the Town Hall with an absolute majority.

Municipal Elections 2011
Four parties stood in the 2011 municipal elections; EAJ-PNV, Bildu, PSE-EE and PP. These were the results:

 * EAJ-PNV: 756 votes (6 Councillors)
 * Bildu: 451 votes (3 Councillors)
 * PSE-EE: 21 votes (0 Councillors)
 * PP: 8 votes (0 Councillors)

This gave PNV control of the council. Bildu, a pro-Basque independence coalition, won 3 seats, while PSE-EE and popular failed to achieve representation due to the low number of votes obtained.

Supramunicipal organizations

 * Busturialdea Water Consortium
 * Association of Social Services of Biscay
 * Regional abattoir
 * Committee of mountain farming Guernica-Bermeo – Urremendi
 * Board of Trustees of the Urdaibai biosphere reserve
 * Association of Basque municipalities – EUDEL
 * Center for enterprise development and Industrial of Biscay
 * Center of professional initiation Guernica-Bermeo
 * Local Charity Board

Economy

 * Unemployment: in 1999, there were 58 people registered at INEM, which meant a decrease of 34 per cent over the previous year.
 * Primary sector: the village has been fundamentally devoted to the fishing and maritime trade since ancient times, having hosted an important Guild of fishermen. Currently, fishing activity has gone down significantly, leaving no fishermen in the village.
 * Secondary sector: the industrial tradition of the locality is non-existent, with the exception of a shipyard, whose lands were destined for the construction of housing at the end of the 20th century. A canning industry was installed in 2002 in Mundaca next to the port of Bermeo. In 2003 the estate Lamiaran with 30.732 m2 of industrial land was opened.
 * Tertiary sector: is currently the booster of the economy of Mundaca mainly in summer when the population reaches five-fold. Mundaca has two dozen bars, 8 restaurants and 3 hotels, as well as a campsite of 1st category with "bungalows". The summer season extends during the fall with the arrival of the practitioners of surf.

Distinguished Locals

 * Jaun Zuria; According to the legend, first Lord of Biscay.
 * Francisco I Earl of Luzarraga, Admiral of the Navy.
 * Rodrigo of Portuondo, marine.
 * José Manuel Etxeita, writer "euskaldun" and ship's captain. Last Spanish mayor of Manila.
 * Ramon Mendezona, historical Communist militant.
 * Gregorio Blasco, football goalkeeper.
 * Jaime Anesagasti y Llamas, IV Bishop of Campeche (Mexico) in 1910. He was born in Mundaka on 23 May 1863, D. Miguel Antonio de Anesagasti y Llamas (born in Mundaka) and Doña María Antonia Margarita de Jesús Llamas Santoscoy (native of Guadalajara, Mexico). He died 3 October 1910 in Campeche.
 * Edorta Jimenez, writer of Basque literature.
 * Irati Jimenez, author of Basque literature.
 * Bernardo Maria Garro Basterrechea, "Otxolua", writer and translator regarding. Bidegileak

Cuisine
The main dish of its kitchen is, by maritime tradition, fish, and especially the bass of Mundaka.

Monuments and unique buildings

 * Library, old hospital for pilgrims of the camino de Santiago, traveled by those landing in Bermeo.
 * Chapel of Santa Catalina, 19th century, situated on the peninsula that bears its name and the walls that surround it, remains of a Fort of the 19th century.
 * St. Mary's Church. Located in the vantage point of the village, with its back to the sea. Its construction began in Romanesque style in the 10th century, but it gives rise to a new Gothic plant in the 16th century after its destruction. Its interior is of an undeniable artistic value. A nave and three equal sections to cover, surely a neoclassical and neo-Gothic Tower of the 19th century.
 * Cross of Kurtzio: 17th century, located in the square that bears its name.
 * Society Fraternity Mundaquesa (casino).
 * Palace of Larrínaga.
 * Old town, next to the port.
 * Town Hall.

Natural spaces

 * Located in the north end of the Biosphere Reserve of Urdaibai, the town has two exceptional viewpoints in the high part if Portuondo and the vantage point of the towne, from which you can see the sands and the mouth of the Mundaka estuary. This is the starting point of the path which goes back the up to estuary Guernica.

Surfing
Mundaka is well renowned worldwide for its quality of surf. Huge swells roll in from the Bay of Biscay and slam into the rocky coastline of the Basque Country. The estuary at Mundaka has created a perfect sandbar which forms hollow waves that can be watched from the town's harbor wall. Mundaka was formerly one of the sites of the World Championship Tour of Surfing.

Some great surfers have marked their legacy on Mundaka such as Andy Irons, Taj Burrow, Bobby Martinez, Kelly Slater, Mark Occilupo and Joel Parkinson.

Parties and events

 * Carnival Sunday – "Aratuste".
 * 23 June-midsummer or Sanjuanada, bonfire and burning of the witch serving ancestral rites prior to Christianity to the sound of the txistu.
 * 29 June – San Pedro, feast.
 * 22 July – Magdalena.
 * Last week of August – "Euskal Jaia" (Basque party): costumes, craft market, music, exhibition of Basque rural sports ("Herri-kirolak"), Basque pelota, etc.
 * 1 November – Txakoli day.
 * 25 November – Catherine party Isla de Santa Catalina.

title: Mundaka


text:
Mungia

Mungia (in Spanish: Munguía) is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country of northern Spain. The town has 17,691 inhabitants (2019).

Geography
Mungia lies 20 metres above sea level in an area full of open spaces, with a landscape of rolling hills; among these last are Gondramendi (217 m), Tallu (342 m) and Berreaga (366 m). The more important mountains nearby are Sollube (684 m) and Jata (592 m); these surround the valley of the Butroi river, which rises at the mountain of Bizkargi (536 m) and flows to the sea at the Plentzia estuary.

There are many small streams and underground springs, such as the Atxuri, Trobika, Lauromendi, Atebarri, or Mantzorriko Erreka, which are all tributaries of the Butroi river and provide water to the numerous fountains built in the town. In the past those waters helped to run more than 20 mills, some of which are still standing today.

History
Although there are still traces which show that the area where Mungia stands today was inhabited in prehistoric times (there is a castro - a fortified place where an army used to camp - in Berreaga, and some steles of various ages have been found in neighbouring towns) the first documented reference we have dates back to the year 1051, when an abbot from Mungia ( Mome Munchiensis abba ) confirmed a gift from the Lord of Biscay to the Monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla.

At the beginning, Mungia, whose name comes from the Basque Mune - Ganean(which refers to its location at the edge of the Butroi river), was not much more than a tiny village with a very dispersed population. At that time the church was the only focus of the community, but the settlement later began to acquire its own significance as a result of the presence of an abbot and of its location in a strategic pass between the interior of the feudal holding and the coast, primarily at Bermeo, which had begun to stand out as an export harbour. Under these conditions, important families belonging to the nobility settled in the surrounding areas of the village and built there their tower houses. The economic power of these noblemen was based on landholdings.

However, as a consequence of a stockbreeding and agricultural crisis at the end of the 13th century, these families began to suffer. To face this situation they sought very hard to improve their income streams, and usually the easiest recourse they could have was to violence. On the pretext of "being more worthy" they fought with each other, and their peasants were decimated and deprived of their scarce belongings, or even involved in faction fights themselves.

In the area of Mungia, we find representatives of two factions: the Billela family which was part of the Ganboar faction. and the Butroi family which led the faction of Oinaz. As the tower houses of both families were next to each other their fights were a common event.

The borough of Mungia came to be as a consequence of this situation. Some of the inhabitants in the area, witnessing the outrages of the nobility, requested the then Lord of Biscay, the Infante Juan, to grant the title of borough to their town, in order to enable the fortification of the town and thus effective defence against attacks.

By this means on 1 August 1376, under the Fueros of Logroño, the borough of Mungia was created in the centre of an anteiglesia (a village or municipal district specific to the Basque provinces) similar in extent to the Parish) of the same name. Both belonged to the merindad of Uribe (an important and bigger borough which defended and governed all the towns and country houses inside its boundaries), and each had an autonomous municipality. In the same way, they each had their own representation in the Juntas of Gernika (the governmental council representing the people of Biscay), numbering 69 for the anteiglesia and 15 for the borough. But the fact of designating a borough did not avoid a great number of fights in the area. Thus, there were various episodes of different nature, arising from the wars between the factions. Just to name a few of the most important of those small skirmishes, we mention the battle of Berteiz or the battle of Mungia, which took place on 27 April 1479 and in which the factions of Oinaz and Ganboa, enemies up to that moment, formed an alliance to fight against the Earl of Haro.

Leaving these episodes aside, life in Mungia is thought to have been calm. Economic activity was mainly based on farming, with a few mills located on the banks of the many streams which washed the area, as well as small craft workshops settled down in the borough.

The daily round was rarely disturbed. In 1602 there was a fire, and a larger fire 1778 on 9 November with fourteen of the main buildings in the village burned down. From this time, to prevent accidents happening, all flammable products such as straw, wood and coal were stored in a place outside the enceinte. This site was known as Atzekaldeta, a basque name which refers to the location of the place in the rear part of the town.

Thus time passed quietly for both the borough of Mungia and the anteiglesia of the same name. They were independent entities, although they joined for the sake of some services and improvements. Thus, the school was common to both, and when the time arrived to canalise the water from the Gondramendi mountain to the village both shared the expenditure. Little by little, more tasks were performed together and as a result of this co-operation even bigger problems arose leading to the idea of joining both bodies and becoming one unique entity. This happened on 6 October 1900 when a ceremony was held; thereafter, the borough and the anteiglesia merged and became one for the future. The fountain which today lies in Beko Kale, in front of Arnaga, is the symbol of this unity under the motto "Biak bat eta biena" (Both only one and for both).

Up to 1936 life for the inhabitants passed by without major events, based on fundamental rural and agricultural activities, but with an increasing development of crafts and trade. During the Spanish Civil War Mungia was one of the towns most heavily punished in bombardments by fascist troops. Moreover, while withdrawing from Mungia, out of control anarchist groups burned some of the buildings in the town.

The war stopped growth taking place in Mungia. And yet, at the beginning of the 1960s, industrialisation in the area would appeal to many potential workers, resulting in migration not only from neighbouring towns but also from the rest of Spain. A few years later a large number of new buildings and streets were erected, expanding the town centre remarkably.

The recession at the end of the 1970s brought a short period of recession in Mungia, which had repercussions in the whole town; up to then Mungia had experienced a huge growth of population.

For the long years of Francisco Franco's dictatorship, the resistance movement was based on civic associations. Various groups looked for help from institutions such as the Church which worked as an umbrella to support cultural, sporting and educational activities. Those activities sought the preservation and recovery of Basque culture and the establishment of a democratic culture.

title: Mungia


text:
Munitibar-Arbatzegi Gerrikaitz

Munitibar-Arbatzegi Gerrikaitz is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain.

title: Munitibar-Arbatzegi Gerrikaitz


text:
Spring Valley (Washington, D.C.)

Spring Valley is a largely residential neighborhood in Ward 3, Northwest Washington, D.C. As of July 2021, it was the most expensive neighborhood in the District, with homes selling at a median price of $1.465 million.

Residents
Spring Valley's residents include notable media personalities (e.g., Ann Compton, Jim Vance), lawyers (e.g., United States Attorney General Eric Holder, Brendan Sullivan), politicians, corporate officers, and other members of elite Washington society (e.g., Washington Nationals principal owners Ed Cohen and Debra Cohen). After the Second World War, General of the Army Omar Bradley moved to a house on Indian Lane. As a Senator and then Vice President, Richard Nixon lived on Tilden St. 1951–1957, after which he moved to neighboring Wesley Heights; his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, after becoming Vice President under John F. Kennedy, purchased a three-story mansion named Les Ormes (The Elms) along 52nd Street NW that had previously been the home of socialite and ambassador Perle Mesta. George H. W. Bush also lived in the neighborhood prior to his White House years. Presently it is the residence of the ambassador of Algeria. Warren Buffett and sister Doris Buffett lived on 49th Street during their years attending Wilson High School.

It had the highest percentage of people voting for Donald Trump of any precinct in the 2016 election, at 15%.

History
The neighborhood was the flagship development of the W.C. and A.N. Miller Companies, which sold its first homes in the subdivision in 1928, and built and sold homes there over the next 80 years. The neighborhood was originally deed-restricted, with W.C. and A.N. Miller prohibiting the sale or rental of the property to "persons of Negro blood or extraction, or to any person of Semitic race, blood, or origin, which racial description shall be deemed to include Armenians, Jews, Hebrews, Persians, and Syrians"; the Millers claimed that these covenants reflected the desires of the residents, and not the prejudice of the company or its officers, and anyway could not be eliminated. Although the U.S. Supreme Court ruled such covenants were unenforceable in 1948, they remained in the language of the deeds and were the subject of litigation until the passage of the 1968 Fair Housing Act.

Much of the land was formerly owned by American University. In 1917 the federal government established a weapons testing facility on land leased from the university, and the U.S. Army established Camp Leach to produce and test chemical weapons there, including mustard gas components, lewisite, and arsenic. The Army closed down the facility after World War I, and the university sold off the property for development. In 1993, construction workers discovered unexploded chemical mortar rounds and 75mm shells, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers carried out a cleanup dubbed Operation Safe Removal over the next two years which uncovered 141 munitions, including 42 poison gas shells. Nevertheless, reports of health problems continued and in 1997, the U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, at the request of D.C. Department of Health officials, released a report indicating the Army Corps of Engineers had botched the cleanup. Further investigations found that the contamination was not widespread, and limits to certain plots, notably the home at 4825 Glenbrook Road NW. Its owners, whose lawyers characterized the plot as the "mother of all toxic dumps," settled a federal lawsuit with the government, American University, and W.C. and A.N. Miller, and the house was demolished in 2012. Excavation and restoration at the 4825 Glenbrook site took 8 years, being declared complete in August 2020.

The cleanup by 2013 had cost the army $221 million, before being paused in 2014 for three years. Between 2000 and 2017, more than 500 additional munition items, 400 pounds of laboratory glassware, and 100 tons of contaminated soil were removed as the cleanup continued. Work was paused with the discovery of an unknown substance containing low levels of mustard gas, and again after seven workers were sickened. By 2018, more than 1,600 homes had been screened for potentially elevated levels of arsenic, and contaminated soil had been removed from 180 homes.

Geography
The neighborhood is bounded by Nebraska Avenue and Loughboro Road to its south, Dalecarlia Parkway to its west, and Massachusetts Avenue to its northeast; Dalecarlia and Mass. Ave. converge at Westmoreland Circle, on the Maryland border.

Massachusetts Avenue is the main commercial corridor serving the area. Neighborhood landmarks include the main campus of American University and the Wesley Theological Seminary, at 4400 and 4500 Massachusetts Ave. NW respectively. The former Washington College of Law campus at 4801 and 4910 Massachusetts Avenue is also here, although the institution has since moved to nearby Tenleytown. Paradoxically, the neighborhood to the northeast is called American University Park, even though the bulk of the main campus is located in Spring Valley.

Several embassy residences are located in the neighborhood, including the ambassador's houses of South Korea, Canada, Croatia, Mexico, Bahrain, Qatar, Uganda, Chile, Luxembourg, Algeria and Yemen.

Education
American University and Wesley Theological Seminary are located in the southeast of the neighborhood. No elementary or secondary institutions are located in Spring Valley; District of Columbia Public Schools students attend Horace Mann Elementary School, Hardy Middle School, and Jackson-Reed High School.

title: Spring Valley (Washington, D.C.)


text:
User:Deanos/Quotes

This quick little page is quintessentially a quaint collection of quotes i've seen on wikipedia and consequently deemed worthy of putting here for eternal preservation...

Vandal edits of varying funniness (from pretty crap to a bit crapper than that)
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penis&diff=prev&oldid=25832430 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Songs_for_the_Deaf&diff=0&oldid=16060755

From Talk:Litre
(regarding a discussion on the spelling of litre vs. liter)

On the other hand, one could wonder whether American English really deserves to have different spellings for measures which Americans refuse to adopt. ;) - toh 16:20, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

From Talk:Bon_Jovi
OH GOD!!!!

Why is there that disgusting photo of Jon Bon Jovi topless with all that hair??!!!

title: User:Deanos/Quotes


text:
Murueta

Murueta is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain. According to the 2019 census, it has 308 inhabitants.

title: Murueta


text: User talk:68.46.223.133

title: User talk:68.46.223.133