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Industrial gas

Industrial gases are the gaseous materials that are manufactured for use in industry. The principal gases provided are nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon, hydrogen, helium and acetylene, although many other gases and mixtures are also available in gas cylinders. The industry producing these gases is also known as industrial gas, which is seen as also encompassing the supply of equipment and technology to produce and use the gases. Their production is a part of the wider chemical Industry (where industrial gases are often seen as "specialty chemicals").

Industrial gases are used in a wide range of industries, which include oil and gas, petrochemicals, chemicals, power, mining, steelmaking, metals, environmental protection, medicine, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, food, water, fertilizers, nuclear power, electronics and aerospace. Industrial gas is sold to other industrial enterprises; typically comprising large orders to corporate industrial clients, covering a size range from building a process facility or pipeline down to cylinder gas supply.

Some trade scale business is done, typically through tied local agents who are supplied wholesale. This business covers the sale or hire of gas cylinders and associated equipment to tradesmen and occasionally the general public. This includes products such as balloon helium, dispensing gases for beer kegs, welding gases and welding equipment, LPG and medical oxygen.

Retail sales of small scale gas supply are not confined to just the industrial gas companies or their agents. A wide variety of hand-carried small gas containers, which may be called cylinders, bottles, cartridges, capsules or canisters are available to supply LPG, butane, propane, carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide. Examples are whipped-cream chargers, powerlets, campingaz and sodastream.

Early history of gases
The first gas from the natural environment used by humans was almost certainly air when it was discovered that blowing on or fanning a fire made it burn brighter. Humans also used the warm gases from a fire to smoke foods and steam from boiling water to cook foods. Carbon dioxide has been known from ancient times as the byproduct of fermentation, particularly for beverages, which was first documented dating from 7000 to 6600 B.C. in Jiahu, China. Natural gas was used by the Chinese in about 500 B.C. when they discovered the potential to transport gas seeping from the ground in crude pipelines of bamboo to where it was used to boil sea water. Sulfur dioxide was used by the Romans in winemaking as it had been discovered that burning candles made of sulfur inside empty wine vessels would keep them fresh and prevent them gaining a vinegar smell.

Early understanding consisted of empirical evidence and the protoscience of alchemy; however with the advent of scientific method and the science of chemistry, these gases became positively identified and understood. The history of chemistry tells us that a number of gases were identified and either discovered or first made in relatively pure form during the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries by notable chemists in their laboratories. The timeline of attributed discovery for various gases are carbon dioxide (1754), hydrogen (1766), nitrogen (1772), nitrous oxide (1772), oxygen (1773),  ammonia (1774),  chlorine (1774), methane (1776),  hydrogen sulfide (1777), carbon monoxide (1800), hydrogen chloride (1810), acetylene (1836), helium (1868) fluorine (1886), argon (1894), krypton, neon and xenon (1898) and radon (1899).

Carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, oxygen, ammonia, chlorine, sulfur dioxide and manufactured fuel gas were already being used during the 19th century, and mainly had uses in food, refrigeration, medicine, and for fuel and gas lighting. For example, carbonated water was being made from 1772 and commercially from 1783, chlorine was first used to bleach textiles in 1785 and nitrous oxide was first used for dentistry anaesthesia in 1844. At this time gases were often generated for immediate use by chemical reactions. A notable example of a generator is Kipps apparatus which was invented in 1844 and could be used to generate gases such as hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, acetylene and carbon dioxide by simple gas evolution reactions. Acetylene was manufactured commercially from 1893 and acetylene generators were used from about 1898 to produce gas for gas cooking and gas lighting, however electricity took over as more practical for lighting and once LPG was produced commercially from 1912, the use of acetylene for cooking declined.

Once gases had been discovered and produced in modest quantities, the process of industrialisation spurred on innovation and invention of technology to produce larger quantities of these gases. Notable developments in the industrial production of gases include the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen (in 1869) and oxygen (from 1888), the Brin process for oxygen production which was invented in the 1884, the chloralkali process to produce chlorine in 1892 and the Haber Process to produce ammonia in 1908.

The development of uses in refrigeration also enabled advances in air conditioning and the liquefaction of gases. Carbon dioxide was first liquefied in 1823. The first Vapor-compression refrigeration cycle using ether was invented by Jacob Perkins in 1834 and a similar cycle using ammonia was invented in 1873 and another with sulfur dioxide in 1876. Liquid oxygen and Liquid nitrogen were both first made in 1883; Liquid hydrogen was first made in 1898 and liquid helium in 1908. LPG was first made in 1910. A patent for LNG was filed in 1914 with the first commercial production in 1917.

Although no one event marks the beginning of the industrial gas industry, many would take it to be the 1880s with the construction of the first high pressure gas cylinders. Initially cylinders were mostly used for carbon dioxide in carbonation or dispensing of beverages. In 1895 refrigeration compression cycles were further developed to enable the liquefaction of air, most notably by Carl von Linde allowing larger quantities of oxygen production and in 1896 the discovery that large quantities of acetylene could be dissolved in acetone and rendered nonexplosive allowed the safe bottling of acetylene.

A particularly important use was the development of welding and metal cutting done with oxygen and acetylene from the early 1900s. As production processes for other gases were developed many more gases came to be sold in cylinders without the need for a gas generator.

Gas production technology
Air separation plants refine air in a separation process and so allow the bulk production of nitrogen and argon in addition to oxygen - these three are often also produced as cryogenic liquid. To achieve the required low distillation temperatures, an Air Separation Unit (ASU) uses a refrigeration cycle that operates by means of the Joule–Thomson effect. In addition to the main air gases, air separation is also the only practical source for production of the rare noble gases neon, krypton and xenon.

Cryogenic technologies also allow the liquefaction of natural gas, hydrogen  and helium. In natural-gas processing, cryogenic technologies are used to remove nitrogen from natural gas in a Nitrogen Rejection Unit; a process that can also be used to produce helium from natural gas where natural gas fields contain sufficient helium to make this economic. The larger industrial gas companies have often invested in extensive patent libraries in all fields of their business, but particularly in cryogenics.

The other principal production technology in the industry is Reforming. Steam reforming is a chemical process used to convert natural gas and steam into a syngas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide with carbon dioxide as a byproduct. Partial oxidation and autothermal reforming are similar processes but these also require oxygen from an ASU. Synthesis gas is often a precursor to the chemical synthesis of ammonia or methanol. The carbon dioxide produced is an acid gas and is most commonly removed by amine treating. This separated carbon dioxide can potentially be sequestrated to a carbon capture reservoir or used for Enhanced oil recovery.

Air Separation and hydrogen reforming technologies are the cornerstone of the industrial gases industry and also form part of the technologies required for many fuel gasification ( including IGCC), cogeneration and Fischer-Tropsch gas to liquids schemes. Hydrogen has many production methods and may be almost a carbon neutral alternative fuel if produced by water electrolysis (assuming the electricity is produced in nuclear or other low carbon footprint power plant instead of reforming natural gas which is by far dominant method). One example of displacing the use of hydrocarbons is Orkney; see hydrogen economy for more information on hydrogen's uses. liquid hydrogen is used by NASA in the Space Shuttle as a rocket fuel. Simpler gas separation technologies, such as membranes or molecular sieves used in pressure swing adsorption or vacuum swing adsorption are also used to produce low purity air gases in nitrogen generators and oxygen plants. Other examples producing smaller amounts of gas are chemical oxygen generators or oxygen concentrators.

In addition to the major gases produced by air separation and syngas reforming, the industry provides many other gases. Some gases are simply byproducts from other industries and others are sometimes bought from other larger chemical producers, refined and repackaged; although a few have their own production processes. Examples are hydrogen chloride produced by burning hydrogen in chlorine, nitrous oxide produced by thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate when gently heated, electrolysis for the production of fluorine, chlorine and hydrogen, and electrical corona discharge to produce ozone from air or oxygen.

Related services and technology can be supplied such as vacuum, which is often provided in hospital gas systems; purified compressed air; or refrigeration. Another unusual system is the inert gas generator. Some industrial gas companies may also supply related chemicals, particularly liquids such as bromine, hydrogen fluoride and ethylene oxide.

Mode of gas supply

Most materials that are gaseous at ambient temperature and pressure are supplied as compressed gas. A gas compressor is used to compress the gas into storage pressure vessels (such as gas canisters, gas cylinders or tube trailers) through piping systems. Gas cylinders are by far the most common gas storage and large numbers are produced at a "cylinder fill" facility.

However, not all industrial gases are supplied in the gaseous phase. A few gases are vapors that can be liquefied at ambient temperature under pressure alone, so they can also be supplied as a liquid in an appropriate container. This phase change also makes these gases useful as ambient refrigerants and the most significant industrial gases with this property are ammonia (R717), propane (R290), butane (R600), and sulfur dioxide (R764). Chlorine also has this property but is too toxic, corrosive and reactive to ever have been used as a refrigerant. Some other gases exhibit this phase change if the ambient temperature is low enough; this includes ethylene (R1150), carbon dioxide (R744), ethane (R170), nitrous oxide (R744A), and sulfur hexafluoride; however, these can only be liquefied under pressure if kept below their critical temperatures which are 9 °C for C2H4 ; 31 °C for CO2 ; 32 °C for C2H6 ; 36 °C for N2O ; 45 °C for SF6. All of these substances are also provided as a gas (not a vapor) at the 200 bar pressure in a gas cylinder because that pressure is above their critical pressure.

Permanent gases (those with a critical temperature below ambient) can only be supplied as liquid if they are also cooled. All gases can potentially be used as a refrigerant around the temperatures at which they are liquid; for example nitrogen (R728) and methane (R50) are used as refrigerant at cryogenic temperatures.

Exceptionally carbon dioxide can be produced as a cold solid known as dry ice, which sublimes as it warms in ambient conditions, the properties of carbon dioxide are such that it cannot be liquid at a pressure below its triple point of 5.1 bar.

Acetylene is also supplied differently. Since it is so unstable and explosive, this is supplied as a gas dissolved in acetone within a packing mass in a cylinder. Acetylene is also the only other common industrial gas that sublimes at atmospheric pressure.

Gas delivery
The major industrial gases can be produced in bulk and delivered to customers by pipeline, but can also be packaged and transported.

Most gases are sold in gas cylinders and some sold as liquid in appropriate containers (e.g. Dewars) or as bulk liquid delivered by truck. The industry originally supplied gases in cylinders to avoid the need for local gas generation; but for large customers such as steelworks or oil refineries, a large gas production plant may be built nearby (typically called an "on-site" facility) to avoid using large numbers of cylinders manifolded together. Alternatively, an industrial gas company may supply the plant and equipment to produce the gas rather than the gas itself. An industrial gas company may also offer to act as plant operator under an operations and maintenance contract for a gases facility for a customer, since it usually has the experience of running such facilities for the production or handling of gases for itself.

Some materials are dangerous to use as a gas; for example, fluorine is highly reactive and industrial chemistry requiring fluorine often uses hydrogen fluoride (or hydrofluoric acid) instead. Another approach to overcoming gas reactivity is to generate the gas as and when required, which is done, for example, with ozone.

The delivery options are therefore local gas generation, pipelines, bulk transport (truck, rail, ship), and packaged gases in gas cylinders or other containers.

Bulk liquid gases are often transferred to end user storage tanks. Gas cylinders (and liquid gas containing vessels) are often used by end users for their own small scale distribution systems. Toxic or flammable gas cylinders are often stored by end users in gas cabinets for protection from external fire or from any leak.

Gas cylinder color coding
Despite attempts at standardization to facilitate user and first responders' safety, no universal coding exists for cylinders with industrial gases, therefore several color coding standards are in usage. In most developed countries of the world, notably countries of European union and United Kingdom, EN 1089-3 is used, with cylinders of liquefied petroleum gas being an exception.

In United States of America, no official regulation of color coding for gas cylinders exists and none is enforced.

What defines an industrial gas
Industrial gas is a group of materials that are specifically manufactured for use in industry and are also gaseous at ambient temperature and pressure. They are chemicals which can be an elemental gas or a chemical compound that is either organic or inorganic, and tend to be low molecular weight molecules. They could also be a mixture of individual gases. They have value as a chemical; whether as a feedstock, in process enhancement, as a useful end product, or for a particular use; as opposed to having value as a "simple" fuel.

The term “industrial gases” is sometimes narrowly defined as just the major gases sold, which are: nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon, hydrogen, acetylene and helium. Many names are given to gases outside of this main list by the different industrial gas companies, but generally the gases fall into the categories "specialty gases", “medical gases”, “fuel gases” or “refrigerant gases”. However gases can also be known by their uses or industries that they serve, hence "welding gases" or "breathing gases", etc.; or by their source, as in "air gases"; or by their mode of supply as in "packaged gases". The major gases might also be termed "bulk gases" or "tonnage gases".

In principle any gas or gas mixture sold by the "industrial gases industry" probably has some industrial use and might be termed an "industrial gas". In practice, "industrial gases" are likely to be a pure compound or a mixture of precise chemical composition, packaged or in small quantities, but with high purity or tailored to a specific use (e.g. oxyacetylene). Lists of the more significant gases are listed in "The Gases" below.

There are cases when a gas is not usually termed an "industrial gas"; principally where the gas is processed for later use of its energy rather than manufactured for use as a chemical substance or preparation.

The oil and gas industry is seen as distinct. So, whilst it is true that natural gas is a "gas" used in "industry" - often as a fuel, sometimes as a feedstock, and in this generic sense is an "industrial gas"; this term is not generally used by industrial enterprises for hydrocarbons produced by the petroleum industry directly from natural resources or in an oil refinery. Materials such as LPG and LNG are complex mixtures often without precise chemical composition that often also changes whilst stored.

The petrochemical industry is also seen as distinct. So petrochemicals (chemicals derived from petroleum) such as ethylene are also generally not described as "industrial gases".

Sometimes the chemical industry is thought of as distinct from industrial gases; so materials such as ammonia and chlorine might be considered "chemicals" (especially if supplied as a liquid) instead of or sometimes as well as "industrial gases".

Small scale gas supply of hand-carried containers is sometimes not considered to be industrial gas as the use is considered personal rather than industrial; and suppliers are not always gas specialists.

These demarcations are based on perceived boundaries of these industries (although in practice there is some overlap), and an exact scientific definition is difficult. To illustrate "overlap" between industries:

Manufactured fuel gas (such as town gas) would historically have been considered an industrial gas. Syngas is often considered to be a petrochemical; although its production is a core industrial gases technology. Similarly, projects harnessing Landfill gas or biogas, Waste-to-energy schemes, as well as Hydrogen Production all exhibit overlapping technologies.

Helium is an industrial gas, even though its source is from natural gas processing.

Any gas is likely to be considered an industrial gas if it is put in a gas cylinder (except perhaps if it is used as a fuel)

Propane would be considered an industrial gas when used as a refrigerant, but not when used as a refrigerant in LNG production, even though this is an overlapping technology.

Elemental gases
The known chemical elements which are, or can be obtained from natural resources (without transmutation) and which are gaseous are hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, plus the noble gases; and are collectively referred to by chemists as the "elemental gases". These elements are all primordial apart from the noble gas radon which is a trace radioisotope which occurs naturally since all isotopes are radiogenic nuclides from radioactive decay. These elements are all nonmetals.

(Synthetic elements have no relevance to the industrial gas industry; however for scientific completeness, note that it has been suggested, but not scientifically proven, that metallic elements 112 (Copernicium) and 114 (Flerovium) are gases. ) The elements which are stable two atom homonuclear molecules at standard temperature and pressure (STP), are hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2), plus the halogens fluorine (F2) and chlorine (Cl2). The noble gases are all monatomic.

In the industrial gases industry the term "elemental gases" (or sometimes less accurately "molecular gases") is used to distinguish these gases from molecules that are also chemical compounds.

Radon is chemically stable, but it is radioactive and does not have a stable isotope. Its most stable isotope, 222Rn, has a half-life of 3.8 days. Its uses are due to its radioactivity rather than its chemistry and it requires specialist handling outside of industrial gas industry norms. It can however be produced as a by-product of uraniferous ores processing. Radon is a trace naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) encountered in the air processed in an ASU.

Chlorine is the only elemental gas that is technically a vapor since STP is below its critical temperature; whilst bromine and mercury are liquid at STP, and so their vapor exists in equilibrium with their liquid at STP.

 * Air gases
 * nitrogen (N2)
 * oxygen (O2)
 * argon (Ar)
 * Noble gases
 * helium (He)
 * neon (Ne)
 * argon (Ar)
 * krypton (Kr)
 * xenon (Xe)
 * radon (Rn)
 * The other Elemental gases
 * hydrogen (H2)
 * chlorine (Cl2) (vapor)
 * fluorine (F2)

Other common industrial gases
This list shows the other most common gases sold by industrial gas companies.

 * Compound gases
 * ammonia (NH3)
 * carbon dioxide (CO2)
 * carbon monoxide (CO)
 * hydrogen chloride (HCl)
 * nitrous oxide (N2O)
 * nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)
 * sulfur dioxide (SO2)
 * sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
 * Hydrocarbon gases
 * methane (CH4)
 * acetylene (C2H2)
 * ethane (C2H6)
 * ethene (C2H4)
 * propane (C3H8)
 * propene (C3H6)
 * butane (C4H10)
 * butene (C4H8)
 * Significant gas mixtures
 * air
 * breathing gases
 * forming gas
 * welding shielding gas
 * synthesis gas
 * Penning mixture
 * Mixed Refrigerant used in LNG cycles

There are many gas mixtures possible.

Important liquefied gases

This list shows the most important liquefied gases:

 * Produced from air
 * liquid nitrogen (LIN)
 * liquid oxygen (LOX)
 * liquid argon (LAR)
 * Produced from various sources
 * liquid carbon dioxide
 * Produced from hydrocarbon feedstock
 * liquid hydrogen
 * liquid helium
 * Gas mixtures produced from hydrocarbon feedstock
 * Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
 * Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

Industrial gas applications
The uses of industrial gases are diverse.

The following is a small list of areas of use: • aerosol propellants

• Airgun / paintball

• beer widget

• calibration gas

• Coolant

• Cryogenics

• Cryogenic fuel

• Cutting and welding

• Dielectric gas

• Environmental protection

• Fire fighting / gaseous fire suppression

• Food processing

• packaging gas

• Gas discharge lamp

• Metrology & measurement

• Laboratory and instrumentation

• Gases for safety and inerting

• Glass, ceramics, other minerals

• Lifting gas

• Medical gas therapy

• Metallurgy

• Propellant

• Refrigerators

• rocket propellant

• Rubber, plastics, paint

• Semiconductor industry in Semiconductor fabrication plants

• Soda fountain

• Water treatment / Industrial water treatment

• Underwater diving

Companies

 * AGA AB (part of The Linde Group)
 * Airgas (part of Air Liquide)
 * Air Liquide
 * Air Products & Chemicals
 * BASF
 * BOC (part of The Linde Group)
 * Gulf Cryo
 * INOX Air Products (part of INOX Group)
 * The Linde Group (formerly Linde AG)
 * Messer Group
 * MOX-Linde Gases
 * Praxair (part of The Linde Group)
 * Pro Gases UK
 * Nippon Gases (part of Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation)
 * Matheson Tri-Gas (part of Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation)
 * Rotarex

title: Industrial gas


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Talk:Surface plasmon resonance

picture request
Can someone please make a picture to go with the new example? I tried to make the example as simple as possible, but I think that it would easily benefit from a picture of a window and a picture of a window with a gold film behind it.

Maybe use a Picture of the SPR setup, in which the change of the angle of the incoming laserbeam is modulated by the laser position. In your image it looks like the splitting of the beam into beams of different angle is caused by the prism. In fact the prism is only used to ensure total reflection of the laserbeam. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.2.221.163 (talk) 08:24, 21 April 2014 (UTC)

scope of the article
Not sure how to go about sorting it yet, but this description of SPR is really about the application of the phenomenum in biological analysis rather than SPR itself, which a property most often observed in gold nanoparticles.

A solution that immediately springs to ming is to have this page talk about the phenomenon of Surface Plasmon Resonance described here, and to create a new page for Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors for the utilisation of the phenomenon in optical biosensors. Dwayne Dibly 23:20, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Besides, Surface Plasmon Resonance is propagative while Surface Plasmon Polaritons on nanoparticules are localized.

Tried to create an SPR page that describes both planar SPR and localized SPR. Both are used for biosensing, but both can be used for other applications as well. User: Ucispr, 01 May 2006.

units of RU
What do the units of RU stand for? These are sometimes given with data and relate to the amount of bound species. - JamMan 4th Nov 06
 * RU = Response Units. There is a formula to compute this quantity, but roughly 0.1° SPR angle change corresponds to 1000 RU. Axelve 23:20, 8 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh, and that relates to roughly 1 nanogram per square millimeter (ng/mm^2) bound protein. Axelve 23:26, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

In fact, RU is a commercial unit that has been introduced and popularized by Biacore. RU stands for Resonance Unit. 1 RU relates roughly to 1 PICOgram (1E-12) per square millimeter (and not 1 nanogram as Axelve stated). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.175.96.79 (talk) 12:58, 31 October 2008 (UTC)

law enforcement tag

 * I removed the Law Enforcement tag, after reading the article I don't see that it has anything to do with LE. If I am wrong, because the articel is over my head, please put the tag back EMT1871 10:08, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

reorganization
Added a few things, some new figures as well. I did not remove anything, just reorganized. Feedback is welcome. (tomio- 20:40, 28 May 2007 (UTC))

Kretschmann
The pic with SPR setup uses a triangular prisma. Doesn't the Kretschmann setup us a semi-cylindrical prism? Benkeboy 13:21, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I believe the Kretschmann configuration is defined by contact between the prism and the sample.
 * (JoeCarson 19:11, 1 February 2007 (UTC))

 * The Kretschmann configuration uses the metal film on a glass block, whatever shape it has. This result a shift in the dispersion relation (because the glass has a refractive index more than 1), and gives a possible resonance angle. This is reasonably described in the Raether book. Also, the plasmon propagates on the outer surface of the metal film in this setup, whilst in the Otto configuration -a gap between the glass block and the metal film- it propagates on the inner surface.
 * A prism shape is easier to get, a half cylinder has no refraction, which alters the incident angle on the film -it can be easily calculated though.(tomio- 14:06, 27 April 2007 (UTC))

Example
The example needs to be rewritten and should not be the first section of this article. I may have some useful pictures but not enough time or motivation to add them right now. If you give me an e-mail address here or on my talk page, I can send you a great book on surface plasmons with many useful diagrams. JoeCarson 13:50, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

 * What's the problem with the example? Looks like it's quite clear to me. Cannot we add it? --Cyclopia 11:30, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The quality of writing is poor and it's too long. It also seems too oversimplified to do SPR justice.  A shorter example with a good diagram would be preferable.JoeCarson 13:29, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree, but itt's anyway better than nothing. It surely helps newbies on the subject even in its present state. I personally would readd it to the article, with a "not of encyclopedic quality" warning tag (don't remember the correct tag now, sorry). --Cyclopia 22:06, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

 * An example would be great. However, we need a good diagram and decent writing to go along with it.  I believe leaving the page as is would be better than inserting that example.JoeCarson 11:26, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm the guy who wrote the example. Personally, I understand your point. The main reason I added it was just to get "the ball rolling". Almost all of the Physics Wiki pages are too technical, and could easily benefit from an example. Anyways, my email address is tjm1@ualberta.ca. If you could send me that book, I can try to make the example better. I am not going to increase the english standard that its at, but I have no problem with someone else updating it. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.148.190.156 (talk) 18:32, 15 April 2007 (UTC).

 * If I have some time, I can dig up some full resonance curves from my data. I would add that to the example, showing how the SPR data looks in general, then the given adsorpion response curve can be interpreted more clearly by the readers. I would also update a bit, if you do not mind 8). (tomio- 14:09, 27 April 2007 (UTC))

 * I have absolutely no problem with that. I have been swamped by finals, and so have not been able to redo the example. I am definetly not an expert in this area, so any information you could add would be very beneficial.talk) 18:32, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

Electric/electronic/magnetic plasmons
It would be nice if one could clear up the usage of electric or electronic for the SPR, and what is exactly the magnetic SPR. (tomio- 12:49, 2 June 2007 (UTC))
 * the light used for excitation is electromagnetic radiation
 * the electron beam is an electron beam
 * the plasmon is an oscillation phenomena of electrons (affected by both electric and magnetic fields)

Realisation
I am not entirely sure but where it says "In the case of p-polarized light (polarization occurs parallel to the surface)" isn't p-polarized light parallel to the plane of incidence, not the surface. I thought it would be perpendicular to the surface. Let me know what you think. P.s. this is my first Wikidiscussion. Let me know if I screwed up.

Helicopter34234 (talk) 19:03, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

 * You were right, I had a look into it. It is corrected now. (tomio- (talk) 02:48, 30 April 2008 (UTC))

Also under this section, could you please define the variables more clearly? A mass-independent version (I assume mu refers to the mass-per-volume) of this equation is given in a nature article (k = k0 * sqrt(e1*e2 / (e1 + e2)).

Motrax (talk) 17:36, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

 * No, mu is the magnetic permeability. In general it is left out, when the material it is close to 1, but in this case it is needed for keeping the story more opened. I added an explanation line. (tomio- (talk) 09:10, 13 April 2009 (UTC))

I think, 'impulse' should be replaced by 'momentum' throughout the paragraph. This would be the correct physical quantity in this context.

Criosx (talk) 21:14, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

I think a better title for the section would be "Implementations" rather than "Realization." To a native English speaker, the use of "realization" in this context is confusing.

This is a very common mistake made by non-native English speakers. In Romance languages and in German, the equivalent words are often used interchangeably. The English word "realization" is most commonly used in reference to an abstract concept, such as the "realization of a dream" or the "realization of a goal." It is never used to describe the creation of a physical object (like a plasmon-resonance detector.) For example, a Spanish real estate developer once described to me the realization of an office building, and I had no idea what he was talking about. The correct English word in that context would have been the "construction" of the office building. The building could accurately be described as the realization of his (abstract) *vision* for the site, but there's no such thing as the realization of a (concrete) *building*. Likewise, in the context of this article, the article is describing concrete, physical implementations, as opposed to concepts. A machine can be the realization of an idea (note that "realize" here refers to an abstract idea). But you can't realize a machine (a machine is a physical object). You make a machine, you don't realize a machine.

See, for example, http://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/10749/realization-vs-implementation-of-a-computer-program for a similar discussion in the context of computer programs. Tpkaplan (talk) 18:55, 12 December 2015 (UTC)

Moved from main article
Provided examples below, are very specific to a particular application partially involving Surface Plasmon Resonance. The Section titled Applications gives a very fair broad overview of examples ranging from spectroscopy to bio sensors. The below discussion describes some specific work which is not relevant to this discussion thread. Infact the discussion dwells on getting correct data, correcting spikes, data processing etc more than SPR itself. So commenting this out before I add very short relevant examples which everybody can appreciate.

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Protein-Protein interaction
SPR can be used to measure protein-protein interaction. Experience shows that one RU represents the binding of approximately 1 pg/mm². In practice more than 50 pg/mm² of analyte binding is needed (100 RU of binding should be adequate). SPR provides a good estimation of kon and koff if mass-transport and re-binding are insignificant, otherwise the apparent kon and koff values would be only lower estimates. There are two major ways to measure KD:
 * 1) Equilibrium (use when KD is high), and
 * 2) Kinetics (use when KD is low).

A useful rule of thumb is that an interaction should reach 99% of the equilibrium level within 4.6/koff s. There are three main types of coupling chemistry, which utilize, respectively, amine (e.g. lysine), thiol (cysteine), or aldehyde (carbohydrate; if the protein is glycosylated, i.e., glycoprotein. All covalent coupling methods utilize free carboxymethyl groups on the sensor chip surface. As controls use: Perform all measurements in physiological temperature. Ideally analyte concentration should be varied over four orders of magnitude, from 0.01KD to 100KD. You may use Biaevaluation, Scrubber, or any other software to analyze your data and prepare it for presentation. All buffers should be filtered through 0.2 micrometer filters and degassed at room temperature.
 * 1) negative ligand control,
 * 2) negative analyte control,
 * 3) different ligand that is not expected to bind,
 * 4) reverse the order of analyte injection from lower to higher concentration and back,
 * 5) Use a Scatchard plot (RU bound in equilibrium/analyte concentration), it should be linear for 1:1 Langmuir interaction model.
 * 6) test effect of ligand immobilization level on the binding.
 * 7) repeat the experiment with ligand immobilized in a different way.

Data processing for measuring binding affinity
1) Zeroing: zero on the y-axis for start time of the injection; 2) Reference subtraction: subtract-out data from the reference spots; 3) Replication overlays and double Referencing; 4) Globally fitting data: numerically fit the data to 1:1 Langmuir interaction model.

Possible artifacts while measuring binding affinity
1) Spikes in the sensogram in the response to elevated temperatures that can occur due to outgassing of the buffer; 2) excluded-volume effects; 3) Protein immobilization affects affinity; 4) the injected analyte is not monomeric (use analytical ultracentrifugation to assure monomeric state, also use gel filtration), aggregation; 5) avidity effects; 6) both analyte and ligand should be chemically and conformationally pure; 7) instrument is not clean and should be primed; 8) baseline drift (use covalent immobilization); 9) check for non-specific binding; 10) surface heterogeneity (look at the shape of the 'SPR dip'); 11) surface instability (baseline drift); 12) mass-transport effects, check whether kon and koff dependence on flow rate, use high flow rates (100 µL/min) and low levels of immobilized ligand; 13) one cannot measure association or dissociation rates which are faster than the machine sampling frequency (usually 1 Hz); 14) If your concentrations are wrong then your affinity results would be wrong [concentration of correctly folded protein]; 15) If your protein Lysine content is high you might consider conjugating the protein by a method other than amine chemistry [biotin is recommended]; 16) degradarion of the protein on the chip during long measurements (several hours); 17) Biphasic sensogram is bad; lower concentration to achieve a monotonic curve of association and dissociation.

Validation of measuring binding affinity
1) Isothermal titration calorimetry; 2) Nuclear magnetic resonance; 3) using different machine (Biacore vs. ProteOn); 4) co-immunoprecipitation (less quantitative)

Tips for achieving a good measurement of binding affinity
1) To avoid using too much protein inject a small amount of sample only for a short time [even if you don't reach a steady-state]. That will help avoiding aggregation effects; 2) If the two binding partners are protein and short peptide, conjugate the peptide to the surface. Otherwise, several peptides would bind a single protein in mixed specific and non-specific binding; 3) Add 1% alignate top the buffer to reduce non-specific association; 4) protein must be fresh (i.e., not frozen), after gel-filtration, and kept on ice; 5) use as a reference measurement "empty but activated" surface; 6) chi-squared should be lower than 10% of Rmax.

Added changes
I added some changes, trying to clarify some minor issues. I think, it is important to clarify, that SPR is not only a biosensor. That is perhaps the most popular application, but the method is more general.

I did not want to be offensive, but moved the Biosensor examample. It was not showing any concrete explanation to the readers, just a link to a nice paper. So I moved this link into the text, and removed the rest. It could be nice though to see a bit more detailed example on this, or using other absorption based diosensor data.

(tomio- (talk) 09:24, 13 April 2009 (UTC))

Dispersion Relation
On the equation for the dispersion relation K(w), could somebody please add text that defines K? It was not obvious to me. Thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.116.80.51 (talk) 14:38, 19 September 2011 (UTC)

Intro
"It is the fundamental behind many color-based biosensor applications and different lab-on-a-chip sensors."

fundamental process? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.252.4.4 (talk) 18:56, 17 November 2011 (UTC)

Animation
An animation of this process would easily illustrate many of the technical concepts included in this article. I have tagged this article with. A simple animated .gif may suffice, or a longer video animation with description/narration may fulfil this request. Kind regards,  Captain n00dle \ Talk 10:33, 8 April 2012 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: ENGW3307 Adv Writing for the Sciences 11520
— Assignment last updated by Aldecaldo (talk) 16:36, 27 October 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Surface plasmon resonance


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The adventures of Hergé

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was MERGE with Herg%C3%A9. Linuxbeak | Talk 23:24, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

The adventures of Hergé
Appears to be merely an advert, providing a link to the book. Perhaps better served by linking to Adventures Of Hergé from the Hergé page instead? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sgkay (talk • contribs) 08:38, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * This afd nomination was orphaned. Listing now.  Delete spam. —Cryptic (talk) 09:04, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge what little there is into Hergé   Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   16:00, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Royal forest

Forest Law
Quotes —
 * "William the Conqueror, a great lover of hunting, established the system of forest law"
 * "William I, original enactor of the Forest Law,"

Does this not refer to just England, or was he leading Europe? (RJP 08:39, 8 October 2005 (UTC))

 * It's a good point. I am the person who originally created the article, and I confess I wrote it from a completely Anglocentric point of view (although I didn't add the quotes above), and the best I could manage to generalise it a bit was "The practice of reserving areas of land for the sole use of the aristocracy was common throughout Europe during the mediaeval period." It would be great if someone who is familiar with the European aspect of Royal forests could add to/edit the article. --Lancevortex 10:44, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I have put in an introductory note to draw attention to the wealth of possibility for expansion into the rest of the world. If anyone feels strongly that it should not be there, it is easily removed. (RJP 08:25, 11 October 2005 (UTC))

Are the following places royal forest or have they ever been such? Bere Alice Holt Wolmer Chute Clarendon I think some at least, are crown property, in the hands of the Forestry Commission and managed by Forest Enterprise but have they been royal forests in the medieval meaning of the term? (RJP 10:46, 19 December 2005 (UTC))

 * The notion is rather confused, apparently; see . I've left them there for now; hopefully the author of the aforementioned will publish something definitive in the near future. Choess 01:19, 20 December 2005 (UTC)
 * For the record, I think most of those named were royal forests. In the 19th century, it was desired that the forests should be managed better and their management passed to new state bodies, and ultimately to the Forestry Commission.  I think this measn that they are crown (i.e. government) property, but I am not sure whther they are technically part of the Crown Estate.  Some were sold off by Charles I and others were inclosed more recently.  A section could usefully be added on what happened to Forests after the medieval period, but it would probably be necessary to fork off the list of forests.  Peterkingiron (talk) 17:10, 10 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Suggested expansion done (but without forking list). Peterkingiron (talk) 21:44, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

The Notion of William the Bastard being the instigator..pschaaa!
Forest law existed within these isles for long before the Norman usurper decided to come here. It was only twisted to keep the robber Barons happy. HOWEVER, Saxon kings were just as bad. Brendandh 23:14, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I think I've found a reference for this so I'll add it Jim Killock (talk) 12:23, 20 February 2011 (UTC)

Introductory Definition
It seems that the initial blurb related to the term at hand should encapsulate the definition rather than referencing it's historical context. The explicit meaning is not noted until the second paragraph and thus interferes with easy lookup. Does anyone agree?Proveyrhuman (talk) 04:01, 5 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Amended as suggested. Peterkingiron (talk) 15:50, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

I'm not sure if additional changes have crept in since 2008, but I can't find a definition anywhere in the opening paragraph. We're told that it is an area of land, and that it has different meanings in England, Scotland, and Wales. But we're not told what those meanings are, or what they might have in common. The first paragraph needs to state the definition as concisely as possible. Chalkieperfect (talk) 13:16, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

Wolf
Some one (not logged in) has recently altered the date of the extinction of the wolf from 13th to 15th century. No reference is cited. Can one please be added? I have also flagged up this issue on Gray wolf. I know extinction was later in Scotland than England, but this article relates to Royal Forest in England, and so should give the date for extinction in England, not that in the Scottish Highlands. Peterkingiron (talk) 17:01, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

London
Some one has just added London to the list of Forests. Is this really right? I know that places like Wanstead Flats (now part of London) were in Epping Forest, but surely there was no Forest of London (listed as London). This is probably vandalism (a joke?), but I am insufficiently sure to revert it. Peterkingiron (talk) 16:06, 18 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I've undone the edit as it strikes me as highly dubious. If the contributor can provide a source then they're welcome to put it back in. Lancevortex (talk) 10:51, 21 October 2008 (UTC)

The concept was introduced by the Normans to England in the 11th century?
According to Manwood 1615 the first "English" Forest Law recorded, was that of Canutus/Canute/Cnut, Westminster 1016. Surely that is not Norman, but Dane Law.--Richard Hawkins (talk) 20:48, 8 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I think that may well be right, but it would be good to find a contemporary secondary reference for this Jim Killock (talk) 23:35, 8 March 2011 (UTC)

Contemporary to Manwood or Canute? :-) I think all scholars accept the existence of Cnut's Forest Charter, see for instance the website linked to this page http://info.sjc.ox.ac.uk/forests/StatutesWebVersion.htm However, I'm sure they all base that on Manwood. I'll add another historical reference source to the page, Gilbert, who discusses the matter from a different perspective in his opening chapter. Cnut is a very real precedent to "Norman" forest law introduced into the British islands. They, the Danes and the Normans, may well have both shared a Scandinavian influence in law, in which property of land tended to subvert the principle of res nullius. I believe "The concept was introduced by the Normans" is incorrect.--Richard Hawkins (talk) 13:29, 9 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Feckenham Forest:-"The legal origins are not recorded, but it was a royal forest in the time of Edward the Confessor and his predecessors. Forest law itself was established under King Canute in 1016. The forest boundaries were extended greatly during the reign of Henry II, expanding from 34 to 184 square miles. The forest boundaries were reduced back in 1301." --Felix Folio Secundus (talk) 06:34, 5 May 2011 (UTC)

Presumably that: <> has to be reconciled with the fact that Cnut's forest law as cited by Manwood, and others, is a forgery known as Pseudo-Cnut dating likely from the 12th century, F. Liebermann 1893 "On the Instituta Cnuti Aliorumque Regum Anglorum". However, there appears to be other evidence that the Danes did have a form of forest law, so why blame the Normans for introducing/instituting it in the British Islands?--Richard Hawkins (talk) 13:12, 5 May 2011 (UTC)(with a Gallic shrug)

Chase and Forest
The list of forests mentions a distinction between a Chase and Royal Forest. A Chase seems to be similar in purpose, but could be owned by non-Royals, and had a (somewhat) different legal regime. Additionally, when a Chase ws owned by Kings, it seems to have been known as a "Royal Chase" and it is unclear what practical difference existed. In several cases: Malvern Chase, Cannock Chase the status is unclear: Royal Forest, Royal Chase, or just Chase owned by Royals?

Does anyone have any good information about this we could use to make this clearer in the article? Jim Killock (talk) 12:23, 29 August 2015 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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Interaction with Common Law?
The term 'Common law' only appears twice in this article to tell us royal forests were completely outside the common law. I think a bit more could be written on how they interacted with Common Law. The article states that the highest court was the Court of Justice-seat, which is the only one that could pass sentence, yet only mentions offenders against Forest laws. What about other laws? If I live in a Royal Forest and murder or steal or make any other infraction against the Common Law or statutes passed by Parliament, what happens to me? LastDodo (talk) 11:57, 28 October 2022 (UTC)

Cors(e) Forest and Corse Lawn (Chase) Gloucestershire
These are missing from the table GoldenWest65 (talk) 10:27, 2 September 2023 (UTC)

"'Court of attachment" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%27Court_of_attachment&redirect=no 'Court of attachment] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Nickps (talk) 23:45, 29 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Royal forest


text:
User talk:Veronica lodge

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title: User talk:Veronica lodge


text: Category:Politics of Angola

title: Category:Politics of Angola


text:
Talk:Marianne Heiberg

Involvement in Oslo Accords
It seems clear that Marianne Heiberg was not particularily involved in the Oslo accords, but that it was in fact her husband Johan Jørgen Holst who "pushed her into the limelight" for this. The easiest thing is simply not to mention her in connection with the Oslo accords (I've removed the reference). The article in Aftenposten is here. the book is Odd Karsten Tveit: "Krig & Diplomati, Oslo-Jerusalem 1978-96". -- Egil 08:39, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 23:23, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marianne Heiberg


text:
User talk:Basuridhu

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title: User talk:Basuridhu


text:
Mary Cairncross Reserve

The Mary Cairncross Reserve is a conservation park located on the Blackall Range east of Maleny, in the Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. Maleny is approximately 88 km north of Brisbane and 30 km west of Caloundra. The reserve is positioned in the mountain rainforests of the Maleny region overlooking the Glass House Mountains.

Geology
The Region holds many of the large predominate landforms in Queensland, the most recognisable is the Glass House Mountains. The Glass House Mountains were formed thousands of years ago when the outer layer of soil and rock eroded from the extinct volcanic summit. The dirt and soil located in the region is very rich and healthy, due to the high quantity of volcanic rock decomposed in the soil. Volcanic rock contains high amounts of nutrients.

History
The Cairncross Reserve was given to the Landsborough Shire Council in 1941 by three Thynne sisters. They named the reserve after their mother, Mary Thynne (née Cairncross, born in 1848). Sunshine Coast Regional Council manages and maintains the reserve along with the volunteers that staff the Thynne Natural History Education Centre daily. The reserve was created to protect the flora and fauna of the Maleny region.

The Rainforest
The 55-hectare reserve consists of subtropical rainforest. These types of rainforests are mainly located in the north-east parts of Australia. The Cairncross reserve has an area of 530,000 square metres and reaches a peak canopy of 440 m. The main species of tree is the Australian red cedar. Strangler figs and fungi are some of the environmental elements that the rainforest needs to survive. The red-legged pademelon can be found at the park.

Biodiversity
Plants found in the reserve include 107 species of tree, 30 herbs, 50 vines, 3 palms, 21 species of fungi and 26 kinds of shrubs. Animals include 139 birds including the wompoo fruit-dove, brown cuckoo-dove, tree-creepers, thornbills, scrub-wrens, green catbird as well as 11 different marsupials, 3 bats, 20 lizards, 14 snakes and 14 frog species.

Facilities
The reserve contains a Rainforest Discovery Centre, walking tracks, a car park, barbecue and a cafe. The Mary Cairncross Scenic Reserve Discovery Centre building was opened in 2017 by the Governor of Queensland, Paul de Jersey AC. The building was designed by Maleny-based Building Designer, Norman Richards building design + interiors in collaboration with Brisbane-based Guymer Bailey Architects. The Mary Cairncross Scenic Reserve Discovery Centre has received the following awards:
 * 2018 Australian Institute of Architects QLD Chapter - Harry Marks Award for Sustainable Architecture
 * 2018 Australian Institute of Architects QLD Chapter - Commendation for Public Architecture
 * 2018 Australian Institute of Architects - Sunshine Coast Region Award
 * 2018 EDA Award for Economic Development Initiative
 * 2017 Australian Institute of Landscape Architects State Award - Tourism Category
 * 2017 Australian Institute of Landscape Architects Finalist National Award - Tourism Category
 * 2017 QMBA Award for Excellence in Energy Efficiency & Environmental Management
 * 2017 QMBA Award for Tourism and Leisure Facilities up to $10m
 * 2017 IPWEAQ Excellence Award for Innovation

title: Mary Cairncross Reserve


text:
Talk:SchNEWS

Support for Anarchist Heretics????
I've reverted the criticism. Please do not remove without discussion. 195.92.40.49 09:26, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Personally I'm absolutely in favour of keeping articles in Wikipedia neutral, and whilst laying down lists of pros and cons isn't a very sophisticated way to do that, I do broadly support the criticisms section.

 * However, the sentence in question does definitely need cleaning up; first of all, the external links should be references (I'll clean that up shortly). Secondly, what on earth is an anarchist milieu? Please remember we're writing an encyclopædia for potentially totally ignorant readers, and using pretentiously arcane words which people won't understand doesn't help any argument one bit. – Kieran T  ( talk  11:00, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

 * And by way of a post-script, my dictionary lists the word, "milieu" as "The social setting of a mental patient." ! – Kieran T  ( talk  11:07, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

Sorry for annoying people by removing it. It looked suspicious (being so heavily external links) and I thought it was something partisan. Looks like I wasn't wrong. Still don't think it adds anything to the article. But don't worry, I won't remove it again :) Daview 18:01, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

 * There's more of it now. If you follow the reference to the "Stewart Home Society" it looks like a bit of a personal rant website with some histrionics at play. I'm extremely tempted to remove the whole thing. The only reason I've not done is that I'm following the Wikipedia guideline of "assuming good faith" and presuming that there's just something I don't understand within the referenced document. But it looks like typical inter-pressure-group paranoia/jealousy/bickering/nit-picking to be honest, and I can't say it seems encyclopædic. However, perhaps I just sound ignorant. It'd be great if "Harrypotter" or the user at 195.92.40.49 could explain a bit about it here on the talk page... please? – Kieran T  ( talk  20:40, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I have added in the other plug for the National anarchists and removed "allegedly", otherwise we would have to put allegedly all through the article. I don't think anyone actually contests that they did run the advertisement, and while the first occasion may have been a mistake, clearly the second was not. And if someone wants to put allegedly in front of national anarchism, well, it will be quite clear where they are coming from. Whilst some people might think it does not add much to the aricle, I am sure there are plenty of people who would like to get a clearer understanding what sort of thinking lies behind this publication. (see also Resist 14 for the Anarchist Federation's take on the Anarchist Heretics, CONVERGENCE AND TERRY LIDDLE for Green Anarchist's view, No case to answer for CPGB's defense of Terry Liddle. For a more recent comment see ‘Co-opting the Counter Culture: Troy Southgate and the National Revolutionary Faction’ by Graham D. Macklin which however fails to take into account
 * a) Southgate's organisation of a meeting between Alexander Dugin, the BNP and the British Orthodox Church
 * b) the succesful infiltration by Leonid Savin of Peoples Global Action and the BUNDjugend
 * Unfortunately there are too many anarchists who not only wish to turn a blind eye to such fascist collaboration, but also want to hoodwink potentially totally ignorant readers as well.
 * Actually, we just had an editing conflict. I'm sorry if you if you find flirting with fascism rather fun, or paranoid, or bickering, or nitpicking. Whilst Mr Southgate might seem to be a minor figure in the UK the recent anti G8 demonstration in St Petersburg has shown the ability of the National Bolsheviks to mount a significant demonstration.Harrypotter 21:08, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi Harrypotter. I'm afraid you've just rather proved my point: in that I don't follow your argument at all, and I don't think most readers will. I'm not being awkward, I'd genuinely like to understand your point. Clearly, you think that SchNEWS is promoting something dangerous. I don't say that it's not – although I suspect they don't intend to be. I just ask, totally in good faith, that you put your point across in plain language without citing all sorts of obscure groups and texts. Are you suggesting SchNEWS are deliberate fascists, or are you saying they're stupid? Or what? Personally, considering that the reference to this event was on both ocassions only a sort of "listings" mention in the "any other news" section, I suspect that they may not have even known what it was. Sloppy and trusting, nothing worse.

 * Finally, on a slightly different tack, I think it's important to understand that SchNEWS doesn't have an editor nor a formal editorial policy, and that what one person writes about in it may be completely over the heads, or under the radar, of other writers. I know that because I used to be one of them, a long time ago, and have extremely different viewpoints on some topics to some of the other writers – which is entirely healthy I think. (Incidentally, I've long had my previous involvement in the paper clearly mentioned in my user page, so I feel comfortable being involved in the article, which I'm trying to be neutral about.) – Kieran T  ( talk  21:19, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The problem is that SchNEWS deliberately promoted the fascist Anarchist Heretics Fair. This does not make them fascist adn I don't understand why you should suggest that it does. Perhaps some of the people involved are stupid - or they would have put a stop to it, or subsequently said they had made a mistake. But then again there may be someone in this milieu who is deliberately introducing this sort of bullshit. Whilst you may feel that entertaining extremely different points of view is healthy, then why do you want to delete an item which merely chronicles how the breadth of the group even includes advertising fascist events? I must admit that having experienced first hand fascist violence, I cannot feel so blasé about things, and perhaps you might argue, tghis shoudl disqualify me from involving myself on this issue. However, as the issue isn't one of condemning fascism, but merely recording how SchNEWS have been criticised for promoting it, something which I think has been clearly demonstrated. And as regards quoting obscure groups, for ninety-nine per cent of the population, SchNEWS is an obscure group. Also check Russian civil society: the G8 and after for another view on the significance of the Nat Bols, or a bit in teh Washington Post: Putin Critics Convene as G-8 Nears. Now, of course, you may find all this obscure, because, quite frankly it doesn't interest you, and indeed i have obnly sampled a tiny fraction of all the wikipedia pages, because the vast majority are of no interest to me. However, there are people who are very interested in the spread of fascist ideology for whom SchNEWS' stance is very interesting, and this is what should be respected?Harrypotter 21:55, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

The statements made in the criticism section and allegations made here are not supported by the evidence. The page linked is not dated, however the email refered to clearly refers to the second SchNEWS listing, not the first, so the allegation that they deliberately and repeatedly promoted a fascist event after being criticised can not stand. Note the reference to the time and venue below, this only occurs in the second listing which dates criticism to after the second listing. '' here is a copy of an email that was sent by a comrade to the Mayday2000 list  in response to some one posting Schnews to that list.

Subject: Fuck off Schnews

Please do not send any money to Schnews, they run adds for nazis:

 * Discover the unknown side of Anarchy! The Anarchist Heretics Fair takes place at the Hanover Community Centre, Southover Road, Brighton on May 6 between 10am-5pm. It's a fair for the 'outsiders and rejects from the mainstream anarchist movement.' (mainstream anarchy?) More details 0181 459 5520''

I am therefore editing the crticism section to reflect this. I'm not sure this amounts to an example of sunstantive critisicsm in any case, but I will leave this section in place.--Tallus 19:35, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Criticism that seems so inconsistent with Schnews' reporting of anti-Nazi matters needs a strong reference. The first reference is unsatisfactory because it is a self-published source and the other two references, without interpretation (original research), are not criticism. I propose removing it. Grim23 ★ 15:30, 21 September 2009 (UTC)

NPOV
Statements like "It is written in a witty, easy to understand language" are not NPOV by a longway! Wikipedia is not an advertising bord, I have edited it again to remove promotional like sentences and introduce a more encycopedic style.--JK the unwise 08:43, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Simon Jones
Added the Simon Jones Memorial Campaign to emphasise that the writers are also activists. - aach

 * Nice one. And in the case of the Schnews crew very true. NickW 22:46, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Useful cross-referencing. I've reworded it slightly because saying "they" after a paragraph of using "it" made it sound like the claim was that the original SchNEWS team were involved in Simon's campaign, and in fact at least half them were off doing other things in other towns by the time Simon died. Kierant 03:48, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

How did periodical get its name
Didn't see anything in article about that, would like to find out and add to article. Greg Dahlen (talk) 10:18, 30 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:SchNEWS


text: File:KarenHoule.JPG

title: File:KarenHoule.JPG


text:
Talk:KAYANI

Why caps?
Why is the heading all in caps? Moriori 08:45, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:KAYANI


text:
User talk:Peterkeyani

Please remember to mark your edits as minor if (and only if) they genuinely are minor edits (see Help:Minor edit). Marking a major change as a minor one is considered poor etiquette. The rule of thumb is that only an edit that consists solely of spelling corrections, formatting changes, or rearranging of text without modifying content should be flagged as a 'minor edit.'

Hello. Please don't forget to provide an edit summary.

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Pamri • Talk 08:46, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Hey Pete how are ya, well I have been going through your ends and have also showed them to my father and he would also like to wish you all the well and good reserching besides the new edition of Urdu version of Kai Gohar Nama translated by my father has just come in the market. Best of work and regard.

Re: Kayani
Hi peter, Your edits are definitely good and are welcomed. I am an editor just like you. The links above are a good start for now about how wikipedia works and you should be able to figure out the rest by experience. Some pointers, based on your edits:
 * You need not title your pages in capitals like KEYANI, unless they are abbreviations, acronyms or for some other reason written in that way, since it makes them harder to find. To correct it, go to the article & click on the move tab at the top. I have moved KAYANI to Kayani. See Naming conventions and [[Help:Renaming (moving) a page.
 * The two tags at the top of Kayani indicate that you need to properly format your text (follow the links on the tags to see what they are). I see you are already working towards it and you can remove those tags once you think you have sufficiently addressed those issues. I will try to help you with this.

And please remember to sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the current date and time. -- Pamri • Talk 11:03, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Oops..forgot to answer the barnstar bit. I believe you meant what a barnstar means on wikipedia. Barnstars on Wikipedia are awarded (by wikipedians)to other wikipedians (wikipedia contributors) in appreciation of their efforts. Its just a way of thanking contributors. -- Pamri • Talk 11:11, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Peter, please don't sign your name on the articles, since it is against policy. The history tab at the top and the |User contributions page show you have contributed to the article. Pamri • Talk 12:49, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

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Kayani
Hi, it's been a while ago I deleted that article, I had to look it up. The article was listed on Copyright problems. There are huge sections in the article which are supposedly from a public domain source. However, it was a translation. Translations are copyrighted and there was no indication/proof that they are released in the public domain. A translation of an ancient text can still be copyrighted. Also this site a large portion of text was copied & pasted but there is no indication that the text is released in the public domain. There also is no copyright notice on the site but that does not mean that the material is not copyrighted. When I looked again at the article I did noticed some sections of your own writing, if you want to I can restore this to the article you recreated. Garion96 (talk) 18:52, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I restored big parts. Also, don't forget you can sign your posts on talk pages using four tildes (~~). Garion96 (talk) 22:31, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

Hey Pete
''Long time, no hear? I kind of wondered if you settled somewhere during your research lol. Hope all is well and your research project into Gakhars went well.''

''I have been extremely busy with work, and also trying to balance that with my own tribe research. I've also found quite a few extras that I mentioned once to you re our tribes relationship with each other, considering they were both co inhabitants. There's been some mentions of intermarriage at some point (short lived) and also of the Lashkari, Hathi, Darwesh episode too. I will discuss in greater detail upon your response.''

''I would love to work with you on the topic of Janjuas and Gakhars relations. I managed to locate a couple of sources at the British Museum library that I need to get and check etc. Have you managed to dig any other info out too? ''

''The Gakhar page kinda got hi jacked by some ardent tribalists so I left policing it after a while. Am glad that you've returned! Any help you ever need, Im at your service.''--Raja 15:13, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

Hello, nice to hear your research is going well. Finding time for these interesting projects is always a challange is it not?

I have been lucky enough to track down a copy of the "Kai-Gor Nama", updated and translated into English by the current Sultan of the Gakhars no less, which should clarify a few things hopefully. Any info on Janjua/Gakhar interaction would be most helpful.

Best Wishes Peter

''Tell me about it lol. Time is an elusive madame I guess. ''

''The Kai Gohar Nama is precisely the text I am looking for! I have read excerpts from the Duni Chand Bali saheb's version of the late 60's, but it's gold dust at the British Museum. I just cant get the time to venture up there at the moment with my work projects taking my life over...''

''I remember watching a program on a Pakistani channel a couple of weeks ago where the current Sultan Zahur Akhter Saheb was introducing his tribal history, relics, pictures many centuries old and also family portraits. It was absolutely amazing to see. He is also in possession of the ancestral swords, armour, coinage, Khirqa's or honour. Truly marvellous stuff!''

Could you possibly let me know if his new updated version of the Kai Gohar Nama is available to purchase from anywhere?

''Regarding the Gakhar Hindus question, I have honestly never come across info from all the colonial books, nor the tribes own history books that my family have read. I would be very interested in reading about them. I see you asked for the writer to provide citations, I have further elaborated the same. Let's hope we have some light shed on this topic....''

Good luck Pete.

Hi Raja

I bet that tv program was interesting... dont happen to have a DVD of it by any chance ;) My understanding is that the current version of "kai-gohar nama" was published by Sarfraz Ali Kiani whose email is ceo@hovaair.ch. I did hear that it was available in urdu but that the first print run was limited to 500 volumes.

Hindu Gakhars if they exist would be jolly interesting! I assumed the person behing the entry was a Hindu Gakhar living in India and more than happy to "put his money were his mouth was" but It may be hes just another deluded individual.

BTW is there anyone we can complain to about vandalisam? I dont mind different views but i expect citations!

BW Pete

Hey Pete,

''That program was extremely interesting! There were certain claims which were kind of ioncredible, but I can sort of see how they were derived. I only wish I had a video to record it, it had some really awesome artefacts, swords, ancient portraits of Gakhar Sultans, even of Sultan Muqarrab Khan from his conquest era! I think it was on sky 934 Apna channel. I will contact them for a replay if possible. It was only half hour long, but highly interesting.''

''There is actually an english version of the Kai Gohar Nama at the British Museum in London, just got to fix a day to go up and check it out. They wont do personal library loans for it, due to it's age.''

''Completely agree, Gakhar Hindus would be interesting! I know there are Indians who have Gakhar surnames, but it's impossible to see wether they are Hindu, or indeed Zoroastrians, Jain, Sikh, Christian, Bhuddist etc, simply from an indiansed name. Thats the problem I once have in requesting this info, as the user who is created the Gakhar Hindu page, is not bringing fourth any info at all. He's diverting the issue to the Kayanid origin etc. I'm sorry, but the Kayanid issue being negated, will never prove another unrelated point as there simply isn't solid proof confirming or negating this. ''

I think the difficulty is, people, especially as you stated the "deluded individuals" dont understand this is an encyclopedia, it's just a info description, not a court case for a justification or conviction!

''I'm glad you reworded the "Ghakhars and Ghazni" section. Certain indian nationalists hate Ferishta for his open critical views of Indian tribes. Looks like the British divide and rule policy is still alive and well my friend, despite the fact that the empire ended over half a century ago.''

''I will get back to you regarding the vandalism, the beauty of wiki is that everytime tey do it, it's recorded on the database. Also, I've "advised" certain vandals not to misquote passages. I think what may be needed it another section detailing what Gakhar titles are in use etc. Regarding the Hindu point, if no proof is provided by this weekend, then it's fine to remove the reference as per wiki founders policy of "no proof? no quote!".''

Good luck Pete

--Raja 16:20, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

Hi Raja,

The 1965 Muḥammad Bāqir. version in the BL is indeed very useful.

I know wikipedia is not the Encyclopedia Britannica and so the entries are open to revision but at least they should have to provide referances of some kind for assertions. Personally, I have a lot of time for Ferishta; I find his History is largely free of the spin and egomania of most of the other indian histories. He seems pretty fair and objective. Thats not to say he didnt make honest mistakes out of ignorance of course. I dont personally take offence at the description of 'Pagan' practices of the Gakhars for the obvious reason that every Muslim was originally a convert and therefore every Muslium must have 'Pagan' roots apart from the Jewish and Christian converts. Seems obvious to me!

Best Wishes Pete

Welcome back!
Welcome back again Pete! Did you recieve my email?--Raja (talk) 13:03, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

Hi Raja, thanks been busy. No I dont think so - which email? Just been trying to clean up the mess various 'scholars' made of my entry. Wikipedia had "Clean Up!" notices all over it and I'm not at all suprised as 'they' made it both virtually unreadable and full of unsupported assertions. Oh well, thats the price you pay for an online encylcopedia I guess. I was even 'flamed' on YouTube, probably by the same people' with some of the comments bordering on racist would you belive. Quite mad...

 * No way? Im so sorry to hear that. Bro, the tribe itself is a very proud one, with many illiterate on the subjects intricate nature too, so it can happen. I have been avidly researching too, in betwene work etc. Will email you something I wanted you to consider? Have you updated wikipedia account with your current email address? Do so, then I will email you something....I think you'll find it veeerrrry interesting bro.....--Raja (talk) 11:51, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

Email me Pete
Email me asap Pete... --Raja (talk) 19:36, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Done! --Peter (talk) 07:49, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

New email
I havent recieved it Pete, you may have to check your email address on wiki. Click on preferences and check if you have the same email address? --Raja (talk) 12:17, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

Recent Edits to Knight
Hello,

I appreciate your efforts to improve the knight article. I disagree with a handful of your changes but that happens.

However, making thirty three edits in a row is a problem. Next time you wish to make a number of edits to an article please do so in the fewest number of edits. Doing fewer edits makes it easier for other editors to review the changes made.

Additionally virtually none of the edits you made were minor. Minor edits are meant to be, "typo corrections, formatting and presentational changes, rearranging of text without modifying content, et cetera. A minor edit is a version that the editor believes requires no review and could never be the subject of a dispute." (emphasis mine). If an edit, "affects the meaning of an article [it] is not minor, even if the edit is a single word, for example, the addition or removal of "not", which can vastly change the meaning of a sentence, paragraph, section or article."

You also did not describe a single edit that you made. Again, this is a part of wiki policy because it assists the editorial review process.

Thanks again for your contributions. Mercutio.Wilder (talk) 01:32, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Peterkeyani


text:
Category:Vancouver city councillors

This category lists both current and former councillors of the city of Vancouver.

title: Category:Vancouver city councillors


text:
Bromic acid

Bromic acid, also known as hydrogen bromate, is an oxoacid with the molecular formula HBrO3. It only exists in aqueous solution. It is a colorless solution that turns yellow at room temperature as it decomposes to bromine. Bromic acid and bromates are powerful oxidizing agents and are common ingredients in Belousov–Zhabotinsky reactions. Belousov-Zhabotinsky reactions are a classic example of non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

Dissociation
Low concentrations dissociate completely to hydronium and bromate while high concentrations decompose to form bromine. Bromic acid's high instability can be explained because the positively charged hypervalent bromine is connected to the electronegative OH group.

Structure
There are several isomers of HBrO3. The calculated bond lengths are listed below based on three high level theories G2MP2, CCSD(T), and QCISD(T).

The large energy barriers between these structures do not make isomerization possible. HOBrO2 is the most stable isomer and is the one pictured above.

Synthesis
Bromic acid is the product of a reaction of barium bromate and sulfuric acid.

 * Ba(BrO3)2 + H2SO4 -> 2 HBrO3 + BaSO4

Barium sulfate is insoluble in water and forms a precipitate. The aqueous bromic acid can be decanted removing the barium sulfate.

title: Bromic acid


text:
I. V. Sasi

Irruppam Veedu Sasidaran (28 March 1947 – 24 October 2017) was an Indian film director who made over 110 films predominantly in Malayalam, in addition to Tamil and Hindi languages. In 2015, he was awarded the J. C. Daniel Award, the highest award in Malayalam cinema. Often described as a pathbreaker, Sasi made his mark during Malayalam cinema’s transformative period from the 1970s to 1990s.

Early and personal life
I. V. Sasi was born on 28 March 1947 in West Hill near Kozhikode, as the son of I. V. Chandran and Kausalya. He married Malayalam film actress Seema on 28 August 1980. He met her on the set of his film Avalude Ravukal. Ever since, she has been his favorite heroine. They have worked together in more than 30 movies. He has two children, daughter Anu and son Ani. Anu has acted in Symphony, directed by her father. Anu married Milan Nair on 10 December 2010. Ani completed Visual Communication from Loyola College, Chennai and is a budding director himself. He was the co-writer, along with Priyadarshan, for the epic movie Marakkar Arabikadalinte Simham. I. V. Sasi lived with his family in Chennai.

Career
I. V. Sasi started his film career as an art director. Later, after working as an assistant director in some films, he directed his first film at the age of 28. Though his name was not mentioned in the credits, the film turned out to be a huge success. He started his directorial career officially with his first film Ulsavam. Soon he carved out a name for himself in the Malayalam film industry. His films were known for their uniqueness and always contained a stamp of his directorial style. I. V. Sasi has directed more than 170 odd films over a span of 34 years and has constantly delivered super hits and some of them classified as classics or good cinema. His Malayalam film Avalude Raavukal permanently established his name in the industry. This film was later dubbed into many other Indian languages including Hindi. It was the second film in Malayalam to be rated as "Adults only" even though it was a drama.

I. V. Sasi introduced actor Mammootty as a hero in his film Thrishna. Mammootty-I. V. Sasi combination was one of the most successful and bankable ones in Malayalam cinema. One of Mohanlal's first breaks as a co-hero Ineyengillum was also directed by I. V. Sasi. He also introduced actor Jose. His collaborations with writers such as M.T. Vasudevan Nair, Padmarajan, and T.Damodaran are well remembered. He worked with Mammootty on more than 35 films. He went on to direct one of Mohanlal's biggest hits, Devaasuram, which was scripted by Ranjith. He has directed films in several other languages, such as Hindi, Telugu, and Tamil. He has directed Kamal Haasan in films like Guru, Allauddinum Arputha Vilakkum, Karishma and Eeta. He introduced Rajinikanth to Malayalam film industry with Allauddinum Albhutha Vilakkum (1979), and also made the Telugu-Tamil bilingual film Kaali with Rajinikanth in the lead role. He has directed Hindi movies as Patita (Mithun Chakraborty), Anokha Rishta (Rajesh Khanna and Smita Patil), Pratishodh (1980), Karishma etc. His most critically acclaimed Hindi film was Anokha Rishta with Rajesh Khanna in the lead which was remake of his Kanamarayathu. His biggest blockbuster in Tamil was Ore Vaanam Ore Bhoomi starring K. R. Vijaya, Seema and Jaishankar in 1979, which was remade in Malayalam as Ezhamkadalinakkare.

He has directed Malayalam movies in many genres. His war-themed movie 1921, written by screenwriter T. Damodaran, was the first Malayalam movie to be nominated in the Italian Film Festival. His Ina was the first Malayalam film about child marriage. In 1982, he shared The National film Awards' The Nargis Dutt award for the Best Feature Film on National Integration for his film Aaroodam with its producer Rosamma George. Ezhamkadalinakkare is the first Malayalam film to shoot in North America, with Manhattan being one of its locations. The song Suralokajaladhaara was filmed near in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada.

At the time of his death, he was working on pre-production of Burning Wells, a film based on the Kuwait war, which he was to co-direct with Sohan Roy.

Death
I. V. Sasi died at his home in Saligramam, Chennai on 24 October 2017 at the age of 70 at 10:30 am, due to a massive heart attack. He suffered from various ailments during his final years, like diabetes and high blood pressure. He survived a major stroke in 2006 and was undergoing treatment for cancer at the time of his death. He was cremated with full state honours at Chennai Porur Crematorium.

Filmmaking
Known for technical brilliance and stylish making, I.V. Sasi is considered as the director who introduced larger canvases and vibrant narrative terrains in Malayalam cinema that were populated by the rustic and the ordinary and not by ideal and romantic. Most of his works were blended with artistic elements and commercial values. His stories were said to have charged with sensuality and a visual feel. Some of these were mostly set in an atmosphere with strong female presences. The characters in his films came from all kinds of backgrounds and some of these represented the emerging demands and desires of Kerala’s civil society.

Awards
National Film Awards
 * 1982: Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration – Aaroodam

Kerala State Film Awards
 * 1976: Best Art Director – Anubhavam
 * 1984: Second Best Film – Aalkkoottathil Thaniye
 * 1988: Best Popular Film – 1921
 * 1989: Best Director – Mrigaya
 * 2014: J. C. Daniel Award

Filmfare Awards South
 * 1977: Best Director – Malayalam – Itha Ivide Vare
 * 1978: Best Director – Malayalam – Eetta
 * 2015: Lifetime Achievement Award

Malayalam

 * 1) Utsavam (1975)
 * 2) Anubhavam (1976)
 * 3) Aalinganam (1976)
 * 4) Ayalkari (1976)
 * 5) Abhinandanam (1976)
 * 6) Aasheervaadam (1977)
 * 7) Anjali (1977)
 * 8) Akale Aakaasham (1977)
 * 9) Angeekaaram (1977)
 * 10) Abhinivesham (1977)
 * 11) Itha Ivide Vare (1977)
 * 12) Aa Nimisham (1977)
 * 13) Aanandam Paramaanandam (1977)
 * 14) Anthardaaham (1977)
 * 15) Hridayame Sakshi (1977)
 * 16) Innale Innu (1977)
 * 17) Oonjaal (1977)
 * 18) Ee Manohara Theeram (1978)
 * 19) Anumodanam (1978)
 * 20) Avalude Ravukal (1978)
 * 21) Amarsham (1978)
 * 22) Ithaa Oru Manushyan (1978)
 * 23) Vadakakku Oru Hridayam (1978)
 * 24) Njan Njan Mathram (1978)
 * 25) Eeta (1978)
 * 26) Iniyum Puzhayozhukum (1978)
 * 27) Allauddinum Albhutha Vilakkum (1979)
 * 28) Manasa Vacha Karmana (1979)
 * 29) Anubhavangale Nanni (1979)
 * 30) Ezhamkadalinakkare (1979)
 * 31) Aarattu (1979)
 * 32) Ivar (1980)
 * 33) Angaadi (1980)
 * 34) Kaanthavalayam (1980)
 * 35) Karimpana (1980)
 * 36) Meen (1980)
 * 37) Ashwaradham (1980)
 * 38) Orikkal Koodi (1981)
 * 39) Thushaaram (1981)
 * 40) Thrishna (1981)
 * 41) Hamsa Geetham (1981)
 * 42) Ahimsa (1981)
 * 43) Ee Naadu (1982)
 * 44) Ina (1982)
 * 45) Thadakam (1982)
 * 46) John Jaffer Janardhanan (1982)
 * 47) Sindoora Sandhyakku Mounam (1982)
 * 48) Innallenkil Naale (1982)
 * 49) America America (1983)
 * 50) Iniyengilum (1983)
 * 51) Naanayam (1983)
 * 52) Kaikeyi (1983)
 * 53) Aaroodam (1983)
 * 54) Uyarangalil (1984)
 * 55) Athirathram (1984)
 * 56) Lakshman Rekha (1984)
 * 57) Aalkkoottathil Thaniye (1984)
 * 58) Adiyozhukkukal (1984)
 * 59) Aksharangal (1984)
 * 60) Kanamarayathu (1984)
 * 61) Rangam (1985)
 * 62) Anubandham (1985)
 * 63) Angadikkappurathu (1985)
 * 64) Idanilangal (1985)
 * 65) Karimbinpoovinakkare (1985)
 * 66) Abhayam Thedi (1986)
 * 67) Koodanayum Kattu (1986)
 * 68) Vartha (1986)
 * 69) Aavanazhi (1986)
 * 70) Ithrayum Kalam (1987)
 * 71) Adimakal Udamakal (1987)
 * 72) Vrutham (1987)
 * 73) Nalkavala (1987)
 * 74) Abkari (1988)
 * 75) Anuragi (1988)
 * 76) 1921 (1988)
 * 77) Mukthi (1988)
 * 78) Aksharathettu (1989)
 * 79) Mrigaya (1989)
 * 80) Varthamanakaalam (1990)
 * 81) Arhatha (1990)
 * 82) Midhya (1990)
 * 83) Bhoomika (1991)
 * 84) Inspector Balram (1991)
 * 85) Neelagiri (1991)
 * 86) Kallanum Polisum (1992)
 * 87) Apaaratha (1992)
 * 88) Devasuram (1993)
 * 89) Padhavi (1993)
 * 90) Arthana (1993)
 * 91) The City (1994)
 * 92) Varnapakittu (1997)
 * 93) Anubhoothi (1997)
 * 94) Aayiram Meni (1999)
 * 95) Sradha (2000)
 * 96) Aabharanacharthu (2002)
 * 97) Ee Naadu Innale Vare (2002)
 * 98) Symphony (2003)
 * 99) Balram vs Tharadas (2006)
 * 100) Vellathooval (2009)

Tamil

 * Allauddinum Arputha Vilakkum (1979)
 * Pagalil Oru Iravu (1979)
 * Ore Vaanam Ore Bhoomi (1979)
 * Guru (1980)
 * Kaali (1980)
 * Illam (1987)
 * Kolangal (1995)

Hindi

 * Patita (1980)
 * Karishmaa (1984)
 * Anokha Rishta (1986)

Telugu

 * Kaali (1980)
 * Guru (1980)
 * Manchi Varu Maavaru (1989)

title: I. V. Sasi


text:
User talk:Aim Here

I seriously doubt you have anything to say to me, but in the unlikely event you do, here's the page to do it.

Aim Here

Archive 1

Your Comments
I have reverted your comments to the closed discussion on the Community Sanction Boards. However, there is [an open Request for Comment regarding Jeffrey Merkey] where you can discuss his accusations.

 * Oh right, thanks. I saw that already. I'm still deciding whether mentioning something in a relatively ineffectual forum such as RfC would settle the problem, or exacerbate it. --Aim Here 20:33, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

Buchananj
Thank you for your kind explanation Aim Here. I admittedly have problems with bi-polar disorder so sometimes I do misinterpret things and fly off the handle occasionally. Best wishes. -- Buchananj 3:13am, 27 May 2007 (AEST)

Pete Doherty
Thanks for correcting the hoax mate. Shame Wikipedia gets so much vandalism. Maf88 17:10, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

Block
in accordance with Wikipedia's blocking policy for. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make constructive contributions. If you believe this block is unjustified, you may contest the block by adding the text below. unblock|No warning given, no examples of bad behaviour given. I have no idea what constitutes 'trolling and disruption' other than disagreeing with Jeff Merkey. My four edits in amongst the huge discussion there have all been perfectly reasonable and aimed purely at improving the encyclopedia

I am asking the blocking administrator to comment on this request. Newyorkbrad 17:08, 18 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Unblock permitted. ^ demon [omg plz] 19:27, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

Clockwork Orange
I placed hoax because it presents the entire thing as absolutely factual. It says that the Project existed to smear politicians - it didn't. It needs to be rewritten to be an article about the theory not the fact, since we can't possibly know if the fact exists.--Rambutan (talk) 18:13, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

Crass
I undid your revision on the CRASS page. The lyrics of "You're already dead" are of course open to various interpretations. However, the band has admitted (in The Story Of Crass book) that they weren't that interested in pacifism any more around that time. I think your edit was a bit too drastic, since it also makes the next sentences of the article look weird and unconnected. With all due respect, Rien Post 13:53, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

Heh
Guess you've been vindicated: — Chowbok   ☠  16:08, 11 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Heh, not quite yet. What Merkey puts in his lawsuits is often, um, somewhat differently real, so I'll reserve judgement until someone other than Merkey says so. Cheers for the pointer though!--Aim Here (talk) 00:37, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Clockwork Orange (plot)

The article Clockwork Orange (plot) has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * This article has been unreferenced for more than 3-and-a-half years, surely, by now, this should have been fixed. I see no purpose served by keeping this speculation.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion.  RepublicanJacobite  The'FortyFive' 16:10, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aim Here