text: Talk:List of storms named Adele

title: Talk:List of storms named Adele


text: Talk:List of storms named Adolph

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:List of storms named Adolph


text:
Talk:Hurricane Adrian (2005)

Anyone for a merge?
This storm wasn't that notable. Landfall in Central America and 3 deaths are the only things setting this storm apart. The article is a little shallow but pretty good. I'm leaning merge though. -- Hurricane Eric archive -- my dropsonde 03:09, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Weak keep. Revisit this later, but right now I think it should stay here. Very rare path, only landfall ever in western Honduras, fears of a repeat of Mitch, etc. --Golbez 04:51, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep. Only notable storm in the season, and the article is well-written. bob rulz 05:39, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep, but only because of the track. There aren't that many EPAC articles, though I think this should get Hurricane Adrian (2005), not the main page. What if in 6 years Adrian is destructive? Hurricanehink 19:54, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Then we'll redirect this one to Hurricane Adrian (2005). 2011 is a long ways off. I don't think we have to worry about that at the moment. bob rulz 01:36, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

 * How about a move instead of a redirect, that would be much easier. -- §  Hurricane ERIC§ archive -- my dropsonde 01:56, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

 * That works. I just thought the format was the main article is for retired/extremely important/used once, and all others got the year notifier. Hurricanehink 02:00, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree. This page has to be moved because this Adrian isn't gonna be retired; It killed fewer people than the previous Adrian. Miss Madeline | Talk to Madeline 01:10, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Todo
Actually a pretty complete article, except for a few missing crucial items. It needs a see also section, "preparations" and "impact" should be split, and more on impact is needed. Jdorje 20:23, 12 January 2006 (UTC)
 * some links;

íslenska hurikein #12 (samtal) 02:01, 11 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Aftermath
 * Impact
 * Impact
 * Everything

How's the article now? íslenska hurikein #12 (samtal) 18:28, 11 July 2006 (UTC)
 * ... íslenskur fellibylur #12 (samtal) 00:33, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

Is this a B. I think it's pretty decent for a minor storm in an area with little info. íslenskur fellibylur #12 (samtal) 00:03, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

 * It might be, but has anyone seen if there are any useful Spanish links? One more thing that should be added in the article is another image, maybe one of it at landfall? The storm history needs to be sourced, and preferibly updated using the TCR. Mentioning the monthly report isn't useful. The article doesn't even mention that Adrian weakened to a tropical depression before landfall, which is a must. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 00:09, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

 * More lede and inline sources are needed. Hurricanehink ( talk ) 19:49, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Unusual track
Is it possible to place two diagrams in this section to show what is unusual about it's track? While the text may be accurate, it is still a bit hard to visualise. PrometheusX303 00:10, 13 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Agreed, since no one had added a track map for the storm. Storm05 17:05, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

Importance war
OK, shall we discuss? This article is somewhat important, since it was rare in affecting Central America. Does that mean it should be Mid-importance? For EPAC, low-importance means it affected land, which for most storms means affecting Mexico, SW US, or Hawaii. This storm is one of only five to strike Central America. I think that should be mid-importance, but let's agree first before changing it again. ♬♩ Hurricanehink ( talk ) 17:08, 14 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree with mid-importance, which is why I didn't revert when YE first changed it. Cyclonebiskit (talk) 17:58, 14 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Agreed on Mid-importance. –Juliancolton Tropical Cyclone  18:07, 14 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Good. I changed it. ♬♩ Hurricanehink ( talk ) 18:11, 14 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I think you should take it back to WPTC talk page first. One-of-five does not sound like a significant record, and I think this would call for a lot of reassessments if it is considered one. There isn't much interest in this article as is. I know I'm not the only one who doesn't like Very-low, but as long as it exists, what is wrong with putting most articles in the Low category? Potapych (talk) 18:21, 14 November 2008 (UTC)
 * As I already said, low importance means it affected land in general, which is appropriate for most hurricanes and tropical storms in the EPAC (other than fishspinners). However, this one is more important than that, because it hit an area only struck four other times on record. Yes, I do think one in five is significant - not quite enough for high (obviously), but still somewhat significant for it to be mid importance. ♬♩ Hurricanehink ( talk ) 18:25, 14 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Also, there wasn't that much interest because, well, look at the year in parenthesis. People in the season had other storms on their mind. ♬♩ Hurricanehink ( talk ) 18:26, 14 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I disagree with this because ratings are supposed to reflect external interest, not what the storm did. It is not very important to the project either because it has gone over three years without significant improvement. Potapych (talk) 18:47, 14 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm working on that now. Once the main season article is GA, I'll work on the storms, starting with this one. Cyclonebiskit (talk) 18:51, 14 November 2008 (UTC)
 * (ec) So if Hurricane Katrina failed to receive significant interest outside of the meteorological world, it would be assessed as low-importance? –Juliancolton Tropical Cyclone  18:51, 14 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I left this at mid, but I am not sure if this be low. YE Pacific  Hurricane 16:38, 3 May 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hurricane Adrian (2005)


text: Talk:List of storms named Adrian

title: Talk:List of storms named Adrian


text: Talk:List of storms named Agatha

title: Talk:List of storms named Agatha


text: Talk:List of storms named Aletta

title: Talk:List of storms named Aletta


text: Talk:List of storms named Andres

title: Talk:List of storms named Andres


text: Talk:List of storms named Annette

title: Talk:List of storms named Annette


text:
Talk:List of storms named Ava

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Hurricane Ava (1973) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 01:47, 8 February 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Ava


text:
File:Spiral (Marvel character).PNG

Summary
Art from Exiles #18, by Mike McKone.

title: File:Spiral (Marvel character).PNG


text:
General Board of Church and Society

The General Board of Church and Society (GBCS) is a general agency of the United Methodist Church. It is one of four international general program boards of The United Methodist Church as set out the UMC Book of Discipline. The General Board has headquarters on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., and at the Interchurch Center in New York City. There are five divisions within the GBCS: Public Witness and Advocacy, Administration, Ministry of Resourcing Congregational Life, United Nations Ministry and Communications.

Purpose
According to the 2004 Book of Discipline, the GBCS's purpose is thus stated:

1002. Purpose – The purpose of the board shall be to relate the gospel of Jesus Christ to the members of the Church and to the persons and structures of the communities and world in which they live. It shall seek to bring the whole of human life, activities, possessions, use of resources, and community and world relationships into conformity with the will of God. It shall show the members of the Church and the society that the reconciliation that God effected through Christ involves personal, social, and civic righteousness.

Spheres of Influence
There are six stated spheres of influence for the GBCS
 * 1) The Natural World
 * 2) The Nurturing Community
 * 3) The Social Community
 * 4) The Economic Community
 * 5) The Political Community
 * 6) The World Community

Social Issues
The GBCS was traditionally pro-choice and supportive of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice. In 2008, this was affirmed by the General Conference, but, in 2016, it voted in favor of withdrawing the United Methodist Church from the pro-choice organization. The GBCS remains supportive of legal abortion in certain circumstances stating "the General Board of Church and Society continues to be an advocate for a full range of safe and legal reproductive health care – including, in certain cases, the option to safely and legally end a pregnancy."

On human sexuality, the GBCS opposes discrimination or prejudice against people based on sexual orientation. In 2013, the organization allowed its building, in Washington D.C., to be used by supporters of same-gender marriage.

In 2019, the GBCS joined with 42 other religious and allied organizations in issuing a statement opposing Project Blitz, an effort by a coalition of Christian right organizations to influence state legislation.

title: General Board of Church and Society


text:
Popinjays

The Popinjays are a British indie pop band, mainly active between 1988 and 1994, and again from 2015 to the present. Most of their records were released on the One Little Indian Records label in the UK, and on Epic/One Little Indian in the US.

Career
The band was formed by Wendy Robinson (vocals) and Polly Hancock (vocals, guitar), initially with a drum machine. This line-up recorded the debut "Don't Go Back" EP on Big Cat UK (catalogue number BBA02) in August 1988) achieving "Single of the Week" in Melody Maker. A John Peel session, produced by Dale Griffin and recorded at the BBC studios in Golders Green, London, was first broadcast on 21 September 1988 and repeated on 11 October 1988. It featured four original songs; "Perfect Dream Home", "Fine Lines", "Dr Fell" and "Backward" Daydream. They then recruited Dana Baldinger (born Seattle, Washington), and signed to One Little Indian Records, releasing "Please Let Me Go" as a single in April 1990; this too attained Single of The Week in Melody Maker. Baldinger was eventually replaced by Anne Rogers of The Crowd Scene. In December 1989, the British music magazine NME reported that the Popinjays, along with others such as Power of Dreams, Carter the Unstoppable Sex Machine and The Charlatans, were their pick as 'stars of tomorrow'.

Their debut album, Bang Up To Date With The Popinjays, was released in April 1990, and was followed by a live tour in May and June 1990 with One Little Indian label mates Kitchens of Distinction. In late 1990, Seamus Feeney joined the line up on drums making the band a four-piece for the first time. The band continued with live shows through the autumn, touring with both Cud and The Heart Throbs. The next single, "Vote Elvis", was produced by Jessica Corcoran at The Greenhouse Studios in London. In 1991, The Popinjays signed to US Independent label Alpha International, and the single "Vote Elvis" was released in the United States in April 1991, entering the Billboard Modern Rock Chart the following month peaking at number 17 in June 1991.

In August 1991, the band played at the Reading Festival. and, in December of that year, their second album Flying Down to Mono Valley was recorded at The Farmyard with Ian Broudie producing.

On 11 May 1992, the single "Monster Mouth" was released by One Little Indian Records. A UK tour to support the release of Flying Down to Mono Valley followed, from August to October 1992.

In 1992, the rhythm section was replaced by two brothers and former members of the band Airhead, namely bassist Ben Kesteven and drummer Sam Kesteven.

In 1994, the third and final album Tales from the Urban Prairie was recorded and released, again on One Little Indian Records. A BBC Radio live session with Mark Radcliffe was broadcast on 1 June 1994.

After a 21-year hiatus, the Popinjays original line up of Wendy Robinson and Polly Hancock played their first live show in 21 years at The Lexington, London on 4 April 2015, and again at Indie Daze at The Forum London on 3 October 2015.

Albums

 * Bang up to Date with the Popinjays (1990, One Little Indian)
 * Flying Down to Mono Valley (1992, One Little Indian)
 * Tales from the Urban Prairie (1994, One Little Indian)

title: Popinjays


text: Talk:Madison (disambiguation)

title: Talk:Madison (disambiguation)


text:
Pentagonal prism

In geometry, the pentagonal prism is a prism with a pentagonal base. It is a type of heptahedron with seven faces, fifteen edges, and ten vertices.

As a semiregular (or uniform) polyhedron
If faces are all regular, the pentagonal prism is a semiregular polyhedron, more generally, a uniform polyhedron, and the third in an infinite set of prisms formed by square sides and two regular polygon caps. It can be seen as a truncated pentagonal hosohedron, represented by Schläfli symbol t{2,5}. Alternately it can be seen as the Cartesian product of a regular pentagon and a line segment, and represented by the product {5}×{}. The dual of a pentagonal prism is a pentagonal bipyramid.

The symmetry group of a right pentagonal prism is D5h of order 20. The rotation group is D5 of order 10.

Volume
The volume, as for all prisms, is the product of the area of the pentagonal base times the height or distance along any edge perpendicular to the base. For a uniform pentagonal prism with edges h the formula is

 * $$\frac{h^3}{4}\sqrt{5(5 + 2\sqrt{5})} \approx 1.72h^3$$

Use
Nonuniform pentagonal prisms called pentaprisms are also used in optics to rotate an image through a right angle without changing its chirality.

In 4-polytopes
It exists as cells of four nonprismatic uniform 4-polytopes in four dimensions:

Related polyhedra

 * Stephanoid5.png has pentagonal dihedral symmetry and has the same vertices as the uniform pentagonal prism.]]

title: Pentagonal prism


text:
Agnolo di Baccio d'Agnolo

Agnolo di Baccio d’Agnolo was a 16th-century Italian architect. He built the Palazzo Campana in Villa Gaia, Tuscany.

title: Agnolo di Baccio d'Agnolo


text: User talk:68.61.231.130

title: User talk:68.61.231.130


text:
Hong Kong Cable Television

Hong Kong Cable Television Limited, formerly known as Wharf Cable Television Limited until 31 October 1998, is a cable television provider in Hong Kong currently owned by Forever Top (Asia) Limited, which operates it as a part of i-Cable Communications business. It was the second company to provide cable television services in Hong Kong (after Rediffusion Television, which ceased cable operation with the launch of their terrestrial television channels in 1973). It was incorporated on 30 June 1993 and officially inaugurated on 31 October same year, offering a package of over 100 pay television channels, 54 of which are directly operated by the company.

History
The company was founded as Wharf Cable Television, incorporated on 30 June 1993. Cable-based transmissions were officially inaugurated by the Governor of Hong Kong Chris Patten. It went on air with eight channels, including the world's first 24-hour Cantonese news channel.

Wharf Cable Television changed its name to Hong Kong Cable Television on 31 October 1998. It was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1999 under i-Cable Communications.

With the largest number of subscribers of subscription television companies in Hong Kong, HKCTV became one of the top five media groups in Hong Kong. According to the financial summary of i-CABLE Communications Limited in 2004, its sales revenue reaches HK$2,372 million with a profit of HK$296 million.

In February 2023, Cable TV announced to fold their pay-television licenses over to the Hong Kong government six years earlier than planned as they no longer compete with Now TV and TVB's MyTV SUPER, along with streaming giants Netflix and Disney+. The pay-TV services would stop operations on 1 June of the same year. Since then, the company would put their focus on three of their currently existed free-TV channels: Hong Kong International Business Channel, HOY TV and HOY Infotainment.

Ownership
In 2017, i-Cable was sold to Forever Top (Asia) Limited.

In 2021, Henry Cheng Kar-Chun, the chairman of New World Development, pumped up his stake in i-Cable by acquiring shares from chairman of Far East Consortium David Chiu Tat-cheong through Cheng's company Celestial Pioneer. This increased Celestial Pioneer's stake in Forever Top from 31.5% to 72%, making it the largest shareholder of the company.

Controversy
i-Cable TV fired at least 40 journalists, editors, and production crew, including the whole team of News Lancet (an award-winning investigative journalism show) in December 2020. The management claimed the firings were simply to "save resources". However, Hong Kong Journalists' Association (HKJA) questioned the real aim was reducing or eliminating the reporting of sensitive news, after the team of News Lancet covered stories critical of the police and the authorities in 2019.

title: Hong Kong Cable Television


text: Talk:Amsterdam Density Functional

title: Talk:Amsterdam Density Functional


text:
List of Senedd elections

This is a list of elections to the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Senedd Cymru; formerly the National Assembly for Wales until May 2020), the devolved legislature of Wales. These elections have been held regularly since its establishment in 1999. The elections were held every four years from 1999, but were increased to five years following the Wales Act 2014 for the 2016 election.

Senedd (2020–)
The first election since the renaming of the devolved legislature as the Senedd was held on Thursday 6 May 2021.

 * Next Senedd election
 * 2021 Senedd election

National Assembly for Wales (1999–2020)

 * 2016 National Assembly for Wales election
 * 2011 National Assembly for Wales election
 * 2007 National Assembly for Wales election
 * 2003 National Assembly for Wales election
 * 1999 National Assembly for Wales election

By-elections and regional member changes

 * List of by-elections to the Senedd
 * Regional member changes to the Senedd

title: List of Senedd elections


text:
Hexagonal prism

In geometry, the hexagonal prism is a prism with hexagonal base. Prisms are polyhedrons; this polyhedron has 8 faces, 18 edges, and 12 vertices.

Since it has 8 faces, it is an octahedron. However, the term octahedron is primarily used to refer to the regular octahedron, which has eight triangular faces. Because of the ambiguity of the term octahedron and tilarity of the various eight-sided figures, the term is rarely used without clarification.

Before sharpening, many pencils take the shape of a long hexagonal prism.

As a semiregular (or uniform) polyhedron
If faces are all regular, the hexagonal prism is a semiregular polyhedron, more generally, a uniform polyhedron, and the fourth in an infinite set of prisms formed by square sides and two regular polygon caps. It can be seen as a truncated hexagonal hosohedron, represented by Schläfli symbol t{2,6}. Alternately it can be seen as the Cartesian product of a regular hexagon and a line segment, and represented by the product {6}×{}. The dual of a hexagonal prism is a hexagonal bipyramid.

The symmetry group of a right hexagonal prism is D6h of order 24. The rotation group is D6 of order 12.

Volume
As in most prisms, the volume is found by taking the area of the base, with a side length of $$a$$, and multiplying it by the height $$h$$, giving the formula:

$$V = \frac{3 \sqrt{3}}{2}a^2 \times h$$ and its surface area can be $$S=3a(\sqrt{3}a+2h)$$.

Symmetry
The topology of a uniform hexagonal prism can have geometric variations of lower symmetry, including:

As part of spatial tesselations
It exists as cells of four prismatic uniform convex honeycombs in 3 dimensions:

It also exists as cells of a number of four-dimensional uniform 4-polytopes, including:

Related polyhedra and tilings
This polyhedron can be considered a member of a sequence of uniform patterns with vertex figure (4.6.2p) and Coxeter-Dynkin diagram. For p < 6, the members of the sequence are omnitruncated polyhedra (zonohedrons), shown below as spherical tilings. For p > 6, they are tilings of the hyperbolic plane, starting with the truncated triheptagonal tiling.

title: Hexagonal prism


text:
Carl Veart

Thomas Carl Veart (born 21 May 1970) is an Australian former footballer who is the head coach for Adelaide United.

Early life
Carl Veart was born on 21 May 1970 from the town of Whyalla in South Australia. Veart played various sports growing up, playing soccer, Aussie rules, basketball and cricket at home. Veart began playing soccer at the age of four and joined a local club in the under-9s. After progressing through youth level, Veart made his debut in senior soccer at the age of 15. At 17 years old, Veart initially pursued an apprenticeship before moving to Adelaide to pursue football. He spent his early senior years at Salisbury United for two years before moving to Adelaide City under the mentorship of Zoran Matić. Veart considers Matić as his biggest influence both as a player and coach.

Sheffield United
On 22 July 1994, Veart moved to England to sign with Sheffield United for a transfer fee of £150,000. On 5 November 1995, he netted two goals to secure a 4–1 victory over Portsmouth. On 9 September, Veart scored the winning goal in the match against Norwich which saw five Norwich players booked.

On 18 January 1996, Veart scored the winning goal in a shock 1–0 win against Arsenal in the FA Cup third round. Veart scored through a header, assisted by Dane Whitehouse, to pass goalkeeper David Seaman in the 68th minute. By this time, he fell out with new manager Howard Kendall and soon departed to join former coach Dave Bassett at Crystal Palace.

Crystal Palace
On 27 December 1996, Veart scored his first goal for Palace, netting past Australian keeper Andy Petterson, in a 2–1 win against Charlton Athletic. Veart went on to score six goals in nine games, helping his side towards promotion to the Premier League and earned the nickname "goal machine" by the Palace faithful. In the 1997–98 season, after six appearances in the top flight and struggling for playing time, Veart was sold to Millwall for a fee of £100,000 in December 1997.

Adelaide United
After a five-year stint with former club Adelaide City, Veart joined Adelaide United in their inaugural season in the 2003–04 NSL season. He made his debut at Hindmarsh Stadium on 17 October 2003, scoring United's first goal in their history in a 1–0 win against Brisbane Strikers, in front of a sell-out crowd of 15,568. He helped his side to a top-four position on the table, scoring a brace in a 4–3 win over Melbourne Knights on 8 February 2004. Veart went on to score in both legs of the elimination final against Brisbane Strikers, importantly in the second leg where his side lost 4–1, clinching qualification on away goals to the semi-final. He finished his debut season as the club top goalscorer with 12 goals in 27 appearances.

Ahead of the newly established A-League, Veart scored the maiden goal of the competition in a 1–0 opening day victory over Newcastle Jets at EnergyAustralia Stadium. On 28 October 2005, he scored the only goal in a decisive win over Melbourne Victory to send his side to the top of the table. His side continue their dominance at the top, as Veart scored the equaliser in the 76th minute of a 2–1 away win against Newcastle on 2 December. At the end of the season, he was named Adelaide United's Player of the Season and nominated for the Johnny Warren Medal.

International career
He made his debut for the Socceroos in 1992 and played 18 'A' matches, scoring 7 goals.

Managerial career
He works at Adelaide United, as the head coach.

Honours
With Adelaide United: With Adelaide City:
 * A-League Premiership: 2005–2006
 * NSL Championship: 1991–1992, 1993–1994
 * NSL Cup: 1989, 1991–1992

title: Carl Veart


text:
Sermons to Young Women

Sermons to Young Women (1766), often called Fordyce's Sermons, is a two-volume compendium of sermons compiled by James Fordyce, a Scottish Presbyterian clergyman, which were originally delivered by himself and others. They were intended for a primarily female audience.

Fordyce was considered an excellent orator, and his collection of sermons found a ready audience among English clergy and laity alike. It quickly became a staple of many Church and personal libraries.

References in other works
In her work A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, published in 1792, Mary Wollstonecraft wrote that she must address Fordyce's Sermons, though they do not deserve such notice, because they had been given as reading material to so many young people. Quoting passages from the sermons, Wollstonecraft noted "condescending endearment" and "sexual compliments" as that which Fordyce, and others, treated women with. She said that women will not be independent as long as such insincere praises, rather than truth and sobriety, are what they are treated to. She called Fordyce's prescribed female behavior in response to a neglectful and indifferent husband "the portrait of a house slave."

In the novel Pride and Prejudice (1813) by Jane Austen, Mr Collins, a clergyman, attempts to read the book aloud to the women during a visit to the Bennet household. The youngest of the five Bennet daughters, Lydia, interrupts him "before . . . three pages" leading him to stop reading, with the comment, "how little young ladies are interested by books of a serious stamp, though written solely for their benefit. It amazes me, I confess;—for certainly, there can be nothing so advantageous to them as instruction."

Additionally in the 1775 play The Rivals, by Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Fordyce's sermon on Sobriety is mentioned.

title: Sermons to Young Women


text:
Damien Sin

Damien Sin (1965 – 2011), born Foong Yu Lei, was a Singaporean author, poet and musician. He has written several bestselling books published by the Angsana Books imprint of publisher Flame Of The Forest Publishing. Sin died in 2011.

Career
After failing his 'A' Levels, Sin started his career as a karaoke-jockey before he turned to writing erotic stories while he was in detention for a drug offence. He was a member of Russell Lee's team of ghost writers. Sin also wrote the screenplay of the critically acclaimed film, Mee Pok Man (1995), which launched director Eric Khoo's career. Its story was based on Sin's short story "One Last Cold Kiss", which appeared in Classic Singapore Horror Stories: Book 2 (1994). Khoo later dedicated his film In the Room (2015) to Sin.

Sin was also the frontman of two bands: Fairweather Friends, whose music appeared on various Pony Canyon compilations released in Singapore in the 1990s, including Dazed and Confused, and Transformer, whose other members went on to form Zircon Lounge. As a solo singer-songwriter, he performed at The Substation in Singapore under the name 'The Hardcore Troubadour'.

Death
Sin died of a drug overdose in 2011.

title: Damien Sin


text: User talk:69.195.123.149

title: User talk:69.195.123.149


text: User talk:82.36.104.174

title: User talk:82.36.104.174


text:
Rothchild

Rothchild may refer to:

People with the surname include:
 * Alice Rothchild (born 1948), American obstetrician
 * John Rothchild (1945–2019), American writer
 * Paul A. Rothchild (1935–1995), American record producer
 * Sascha Rothchild (born 1976), American writer

title: Rothchild


text: User talk:65.29.109.38

title: User talk:65.29.109.38


text:
Rensselaerswyck

Rensselaerswyck was a Dutch colonial patroonship and later an English manor owned by the van Rensselaer family located in the present-day Capital District of New York in the United States.

The estate was originally deeded by the Dutch West India Company in 1630 to Kiliaen van Rensselaer, a Dutch merchant and one of the company's original directors. Rensselaerswyck extended for miles on each side of the Hudson River. It included most of the land that would later become the New York counties of Albany and Rensselaer, as well as parts of Columbia and Greene counties.

Under the terms of the patroonship, the patroon had nearly total jurisdictional authority, establishing civil and criminal law, villages, and a church (in part to record vital records, which were not kept by the state until the late 19th century). Tenant farmers were allowed to work on the land. During the late 18th century and early 19th century, farmers purchased the land. However, by the conditions of the deed, they had to pay rent and the patroon had rights to natural resources. If the farm was sold, the patroon was entitled to 25% of the sale price.

The patroonship was maintained intact by van Rensselaer descendants for more than two centuries. At the time of his death in 1839, Steven van Rensselaer III's land holdings made him the tenth-richest American in history. His son Stephen Van Rensselaer IV, the 10th and last patroon, received the bulk of his holdings; son William received some lands east of the Hudson. Following the death of Steven van Rensselaer III, tenant farmers began protesting the manor system. Under financial, judicial, and political pressure from this anti-rent movement, Stephen IV and William van Rensselaer sold off most of their land, ending the patroonship in the 1840s. For length of operations, the van Rensselaer patroonship was the most successful patroonship established under the West India Company system.

Establishing patroonships
Upon discovery of the Albany area by Henry Hudson in 1609, the Dutch claimed the area and set up two forts to anchor it: Fort Nassau in 1614 and Fort Orange in 1624, both named for the Dutch noble House of Orange-Nassau. This established a Dutch presence in the area, formally called New Netherland. In June 1620, the Dutch West India Company was established by the States-General and given enormous powers in the New World. In the name of the States-General, it had the authority to make contracts and alliances with princes and natives, build forts, administer justice, appoint and discharge governors, soldiers, and public officers, and promote trade in New Netherland.

In order to attract capitalists to the colony, the managers of the West India Company, offered certain exclusive privileges to the members of the company in 1630. The terms of the charter stated that any member who founded a colony of fifty adults in New Netherland within four years of the charter's writing would be acknowledged as a patroon of the territory to be colonized. The only restriction was that the colony had to be outside the island of Manhattan.

To meet such cases, the West India Company adopted the Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions for the agricultural colonization of its American province. The chief features of this charter stated that lands for each colony could extend 16 mi in length if confined to one side of a navigable river or 8 mi if both sides were occupied. Additionally, the lands could extend into the countryside and even be enlarged if more immigrants were to settle there.

Each patroon would have the chief command within their respective patroonship, having the sole rights to fish and hunt. If a city were to be founded within its boundaries, the patroon would have the power and authority to establish officers and magistrates. Each patroonship was free of taxes and tariffs for ten years following its founding.

A contract to settle under a patroonship was enforceable: no colonists could leave the colony during their term of service without the written consent of the patroon, and the West India Company pledged itself to do everything in its power to apprehend and deliver up all fugitives from the patroon's service.

Colonists of a patroonship were limited by the West India Company in some instances. For example, fur trading was illegal for colonists; it was reserved as a Company monopoly. But, patroonships had the right to trade anywhere from Newfoundland to Florida, on the understanding that traders were to stop at Manhattan to possibly trade there first.

Each patroon was required to "satisfy the Indians of that place for the land", proscribing that the land must be bought (or bartered) from the local Indians, and not just taken. Additionally, the Company agreed to defend all colonists, whether free or in service, from all aggressors, and supply the patroonship— for free —"with as many blacks as it possibly can... for [no] longer [a] time than it shall see fit".

Founding the Manor
Kiliaen van Rensselaer, a pearl and diamond merchant of Amsterdam, was one of the original directors of the Dutch West India Company and one of the first to take advantage of the new settlement charter. On January 13, 1629, van Rensselaer sent notification to the Directors of the Company that he, in conjunction with fellow Company members Samuel Godyn and Samuel Blommaert, sent Gillis Houset and Jacob Jansz Cuyper to determine satisfactory locations for settlement. This took place even before the Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions was ratified, but was done in agreement with a draft of the Charter from March 28, 1628. On April 8, 1630, a representative for van Rensselaer purchased a large tract of land from its American Indian owners adjacent to Fort Orange, on the west side of the Hudson River. It extended from Beeren Island north to Smack's Island and extended "two days' journey into the interior."

In the meantime, van Rensselaer made vigorous preparations to send out tenants. Early in the spring, several emigrants, with their farm implements and cattle, were sent out from the Netherlands under Wolfert Gerritson, who was designated the overseer of farms. These pioneers of the manor embarked at the island of Texel in the ship Eendragt, or Unity, under Captain John Brouwer. In a few weeks, they arrived at Fort Orange and began the development and settlement of the Manor of Rensselaerswyck.

A few weeks after the arrival of the first colonists, the patroon's special agent, Gillis Hassett, secured a grant of land from the Indians, lying mostly to the north of Fort Orange and extending up the river to an Indian structure called Monemins Castle. This was situated on Haver Island at the confluence of the Mohawk and Hudson rivers. This and the earlier purchase completed the bounds of the manor on the west side of the Hudson.

Each tenant was required to swear an oath of loyalty to the patroon, without question. The following is the oath stated by each tenant:

"I,, promise and swear that I shall be true and faithful to the noble Patroon and Co-directors, or those Commissioners and Council, subjecting myself to the good and faithful inhabitant or Burgher, without exciting any opposition, tumult, or noise; but on the contrary, as a loyal inhabitant, to maintain and support offensively and of the Colonie. And with reverence and fear of the Lord, and uplifting of both the first fingers of the right hand, I say — SO TRULY HELP ME GOD ALMIGHTY."

At the time, the land on the east side of the river, extending north from Castle Island to the Mohawk River was then the private property of an Indian chief named Nawanemitt. This territory was called "Semesseck" by the Indians, and described in the grant as "lying on the east side of the aforesaid river, opposite the Fort Orange, as well above as below, and from Poetanock, the millcreek, northward to Negagonee, being about twelve miles, large measure."

These purchases took place on August 8, and August 13, 1630, respectively, confirmed by the council at Manhattan, and patents formally issued therefor. Fort Orange and the land immediately around its walls, still remained under the exclusive jurisdiction of the West India Company. It eventually developed as the city of Albany, which was never under the direct dominion of the patroon.

But this large purchase by van Rensselaer excited the jealousy of other capitalists. He soon divided his estate around and near Fort Orange into five shares, in an effort to advance more rapidly the growth of the colony.

Two of these shares he retained, together with the title and honors of the original patroon. One share was given to Johannes de Laet, another was given to Samuel Godyn, and the last to Samuel Blommaert; these three men were influential members of the Amsterdam chamber of the West India Company. On the ancient map of the colony, "Blommaert's Burg" is located at the mouth of what is now called Patroon Creek. "De Laet's Island" was the original name of van Rensselaer Island, opposite Albany. "De Laet's Burg" equates to Greenbush. "Godyn's Islands" are a short distance below, on the east shore. These three separate patroonships were subsequently purchased and dissolved into Rensselaerswyck proper by 1685.

Government
The government of the Manor of Rensselaerswyck was vested in a general court, which exercised executive, legislative or municipal, and judicial functions. This court was composed of two commissioners, styled "Gecommitteerden", and two councilors, called "Gerechts-persoonen", or "Schepenen". These last equated to modern justices of the peace. There was also a colonial secretary, a "Schout-fiscaal", or sheriff, and a "Gerechts-bode", court messenger or constable.

The magistrates held their offices for a year, the court appointing their successors. The most important office in the colony was the schout-fiscaal, or sheriff. Jacob Albertsen Planck was the first sheriff of Rensselaerswyck. Arent van Curler, who immigrated as assistant commissary, was soon after his arrival promoted to commissary-general, or superintendent of the colony. He also served as colonial secretary until 1642, when he was succeeded by Anthony de Hooges.

Religion and culture
The population of the colony of Rensselaerswyck in its early days consisted of three classes: freemen on top, who emigrated from Holland at their own expense; farmers next; and farm servants sent by the patroon at the bottom of the caste system.

The first patroon judiciously applied his large resources to the advancement of his interests, and was quick to assist people on the estate. He initially defined several farms on both sides of the river, on which he ordered houses, barns, and stables to be erected. The patroon paid to stock these farms with cattle, horses, and sometimes with sheep, and furnished the necessary wagons, plows, and other implements. So the early farmer entered upon his land without being embarrassed by want of capital.

In 1642, at the behest of the Dutch West India Company, Johannes Megapolensis, a minister, Abraham States a surgeon, and Evert Pels, a brewer, were sent aboard the Dutch ship Houttuyn to  Rensselaerswyck, which arrived at New Amsterdam on August 4, 1642. The ship brought a cargo of three hundred bushels of malt for Pels,  four thousand tiles, and thirty thousand stone blocks for building, along with various farming equipment. Megapolensis became the first minister to serve at Rensselaerswyck. His contract stipulated that he serve for six years, at an annual salary of 1,100 guilders for the first three years. There were one hundred people in attendance at his first sermon. States became a member of the council in 1643, and the next year was appointed president of the board, with an annual salary of 100 florins. Pels erected the first brewery in the Dutch colony.

Sustaining the Manor
History is almost certain that Kiliaen van Rensselaer never visited his land in New Netherland. The Van Rensselaer Bowier Manuscripts, a collection of translated primary documents from that time, state,

"The present letters show beyond the possibility of doubt that Kiliaen van Rensselaer did not visit his colony in person between 1630 and 1643, and the records preserved among the Rensselaerswyck manuscripts make it equally certain that he did not do so between the last named date and his death…  some say 1645,"

The estate was inherited by his eldest son Jan Baptist, who acquired the title of patroon. He died in 1658 and his younger brother Jeremias van Rensselaer became patroon. Acknowledging the surrender of New Amsterdam and Fort Orange to England in 1664 following a surprise incursion by the English during a time of peace (which led to the Second Anglo–Dutch War), In 1666, he also built the original Manor House, also known as Fort Crailo for its defensive reinforcement, located north of Fort Orange. The Manor House was the seat of the patroonship and the home of the patroon until 1765.

Jeremias died in 1674 and the estate was passed on to his oldest son, Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, grandson to the first patroon, his namesake. Kiliaen was eleven when his father died. The estate was managed on his behalf, and he did not acquire the title of Lord of the Manor until he was twenty-one. Maria van Cortlandt van Rensselaer, Jeremias's wife and Kiliaen's mother was the administrator and treasurer of the Manor of Rensselaerswyck until 1687.

In 1683, one year before Kiliaen became Lord of the Manor, New York Governor Thomas Dongan established Albany County, one of the original twelve counties in New York. The county was to "containe the Towns of Albany, the Collony Renslaerwyck, Schonecteda, and all the villages, neighborhoods, and Christian Plantacons on the east side of Hudson River from Roelof Jansen's Creeke, and on the west side from Sawyer's Creeke to the Sarraghtoga." In 1685, Governor Dongan granted a patent for Rensselaerswyck, making it a legal entity. The patent included a detailed description of its boundaries, stating:

"...the banks of Hudsons River... beginning att the south end... or Berrent Island on Hudsons River and extending northwards up along both sides of the said Hudsons River unto A place heretofore Called the Kahoos or the Great Falls of the said River & extending itselfe east and west all along from each side of the said river backwards into the woods twenty fouer english miles As Also A Certaine tract of land situate lyeing and being on the east side of Hudsons River beginning at the Creeke by Major Abraham States and soe Along the said River southward to the south side of Vastrix Island by a creek called Waghankasigh stretching from thence with an easterly line into the woods twenty fouer english miles to a place called Wawanaquaisick And from thence northward to the head of the said Creeke by Major Abrahams States as Aforesaid."

One year later in 1686, Albany was chartered as a city under the Dongan Charter, authored by Governor Dongan. During Kiliaen's tenure as patroon, he served in many political appointed positions in Albany, including assessor, justice, and supervisor, and represented Rensselaerswyck in the New York General Assembly. In 1704, Kiliaen split Rensselaerswyck into two portions, the southern portion, or "Lower Manor" (comprising Greenbush and Claverack), placed under the eye of his brother Hendrick. The northern portion retained the title Rensselaerswyck.

Hendrick van Rensselaer lived in Albany until a year after receiving the Lower Manor, representing Rensselaerswyck in the General Assembly from 1705 until 1715, just as his brother had from 1693 to 1704.

Kiliaen died in 1719 and the patroonship passed on to his oldest son Jeremias. Jeremias died in 1745 and the estate passed to his brother Stephen. Stephen, sickly at the time, died two years later in 1747 at the age of forty. The estate was passed on to his son, Stephen van Rensselaer II, who was five when his father died. Stephen II was active in the Albany County Militia and active in restructuring loose land leases created by his predecessors. One of his land deals was made in the eastern region of Rensselaerswyck; the Town of Stephentown in southeastern Rensselaer County was named for him. He also rebuilt the Manor House in 1765.

Stephen II died in 1769 at the age of 27 as one of the richest men in the region. The Manor passed on to his eldest son Stephen van Rensselaer III, who was five at the time of his father's death. The estate was controlled by Abraham Ten Broeck until Stephen III's twenty-first birthday. Stephen III attended school in Albany and then New Jersey and Kingston during the Revolution. He graduated from Harvard College in 1782.

Stephen van Rensselaer III became well known for his many achievements. In 1825, he was elected Grand Master of the New York State Grand Masonic Lodge. He was elected to the New York State Assembly in 1789 and was re-elected until chosen by the legislature for the New York State Senate in 1791. In 1795 he was elected Lieutenant Governor of New York. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1822, serving until 1829. He was also commissioned a lieutenant general in the New York State Militia, and led an unsuccessful invasion of Canada at Niagara in the War of 1812. His most lasting achievement was to found, with Amos Eaton, the Rensselaer School, which developed into the present-day Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

Anti-rent movement and downfall
Stephen III lived to be 75, dying in 1839. He is remembered as "The Good Patroon" and also "The Last Patroon" because he was legally the last patroon of Rensselaerswyck. At the time of his death, Stephen III was worth about $10 million (about $88 billion in 2007 dollars) and is noted as being the tenth-richest American in history.

The spectacle of a landed gentleman living in semi-feudal splendor among his 3,000 tenants was an anachronism to a postwar generation that had become acclimated to Jacksonian democracy. Stephen III's leniency toward his tenants had created a serious problem for his heirs. His will directed them to collect and apply the back rents (approximately $400,000) toward the payment of the patroon's debts. As soon as the rent notices went out, the farmers organized committees and held public meetings in protest. Stephen IV, who had inherited the "West Manor" (Albany County), refused to meet with a committee of anti-renters and turned down their written request for a reduction of rents. His brusque refusal infuriated the farmers. On July 4, 1839, a mass meeting at Berne called for a declaration of independence from landlord rule but raised the amount the tenants were willing to pay.

The answer to this proposal was soon forthcoming. The executors of the estate secured writs of ejectment in suits against tenants in arrears. Crowds of angry tenants manhandled Sheriff Michael Archer and his assistants and turned back a posse of 500 men. Sheriff Archer called upon Governor William H. Seward for military assistance. Seward's proclamation calling on the people not to resist the enforcement of the law and the presence of several hundred militiamen failed to cow the tenants, who persisted in their refusal to pay rent. The sheriff evicted a few, but he could not dispossess an entire township.

By 1844, the anti-rent movement had grown from a localized struggle against the van Rensselaer family to a full-fledged revolt against leasehold tenure throughout eastern New York, where other major manors existed. Virtual guerrilla warfare broke out. Riders disguised as Indians and wearing calico gowns ranged through the countryside, terrorizing the agents of the landlords. In late 1844, Governor William Bouck sent three companies of militia to Hudson, where anti-renters threatened to storm the jail and release their leader, Big Thunder (Smith A. Boughton, in private life). The following year Governor Silas Wright was forced to declare Delaware County in a state of insurrection after an armed rider had killed undersheriff Osman N. Steele August 7, 1845 at an eviction sale.

The anti-renters organized town, county, and state committees, published their own newspapers, held conventions, and elected their own spokesmen to the legislature. The success of candidates endorsed by anti-renters in 1845 caused politicians in both parties to show a "wonderful anxiety" to "give the Anti-renters all they ask." The legislature abolished the right of the landlord to seize the goods of a defaulting tenant and taxed the income which landlords derived from their rent. Shortly thereafter, the Constitutional Convention of 1846 prohibited any future lease of agricultural land which claimed rent or service for a period longer than twelve years. Yet neither the convention nor the legislature was willing to disturb existing leases.

The anti-renters played politics with remarkable success in the years between 1846 and 1851. They elected friendly sheriffs and local officials who virtually paralyzed the efforts of the landlords to collect rents. They threw their weight to the candidates of either major party who would support their cause. The bitter rivalries between and within the Whig and Democratic parties enabled the anti-renters to exert more influence than their numbers warranted. As a result, they had a small but determined bloc of anti-rent champions in the Assembly and the Senate who kept landlords uneasy by threatening to pass laws challenging land titles.

The anti-rent endorsement of John Young, the Whig candidate for governor in 1846, proved decisive. Governor Young promptly pardoned several anti-rent prisoners and called for an investigation of title by the Attorney General. The courts eventually ruled the statute of limitations prevented any questioning of the original titles. Declaring that the holders of perpetual leases were in reality freeholders, the Court of Appeals outlawed the "quarter sales," i.e., the requirement in many leases that a tenant who disposed of his farm should pay one-fourth of the money to the landlord.

Assailed by a concerted conspiracy not to pay rent and harassed by taxes and investigations of the Attorney General, the landed proprietors gradually sold out their interests. In August 1845, seventeen large landholders announced that they were willing to sell. Later that year, Stephen IV agreed to sell his rights in the Helderberg townships. His brother, William, who had inherited the "East Manor" in Rensselaer County, also sold out his rights in over 500 farms in 1848. Finally, in the 1850s, two speculators purchased the remaining leases from the van Rensselaers.

title: Rensselaerswyck


text:
Giovanni Antonio Amadeo

Giovanni Antonio Amadeo (c. 1447 – 27 or 28 August 1522) was an Italian Renaissance sculptor of the Early Renaissance, architect, and engineer. He dominated late fifteenth-century Lombard architecture and sculpture.

Biography
Amadeo was born in Pavia. Starting from 1460, he trained under the master Francesco Solari. In 1466 he was engaged as a sculptor, with his brother Protasio, by Duke Galeazzo Maria Sforza to work at the famous Certosa, near Pavia. While engaged at the Certosa, he executed the beautiful door leading from the church into the cloister, still known as "the door of Amadeo". During 1473–1476, Amadeo realized half of the bas-reliefs in the right side of the façade.

In 1470 he was commissioned by Bartolomeo Colleoni to complete his funerary chapel, the Cappella Colleoni in Bergamo, which had been begun by Guiniforte and Francesco Solari. Amadeo added polychrome decoration and many sculptures in the ancient style including medallions, small columns, busts, reliefs of "Histories from the Old Testament" and "Histories of Hercules".

Amadeo also designed the funerary monument to Medea Colleoni, which was intended for the church of Santa Maria della Basella in Urgnano. The condottiero's tomb was realized in collaboration with other artists, with Amadeo providing the reliefs of the lower sarcophagus and of the smaller upper sarcophagus, as well seven statues of the Virtues. He returned to Pavia in October, 1478.

In 1480 he finished the arch of the Persian Martyrs in the Olivetani Monastery of Cremona (four marble reliefs remain today, dated 1484). Also attributed to him are two statues of Justice and Temperance in Cremona, and reliefs in the National Antiquity Museum of Parma.

On the death of Guiniforte Solari in 1481, Amadeo had been temporarily appointed to succeed him as head architect of the Certosa, and was commissioned to make a fresh design for the façade, with the assistance of Benedetto Briosco, Antonio della Porta, and Stefano di Sesto. But it was not till 1490, when he was confirmed in his office, that he made the design which was accepted, and which was subsequently carried out by him and his successors.

Amadeo ran a sizeable workshop and undertook a number of projects for members of the Sforza family. In 1485 he collaborated with his brother-in-law Pietro Antonio Solari in the Ospedale Maggiore of Milan, a project of which he was made director ten years later.

Amadeo was then active in the decoration of the Milan Cathedral, and carried out work on the central vault and lantern. He collaborated with Donato Bramante on the facade of Santa Maria presso San Satiro in Milan. In 1488 Amadeo was commissioned by Cardinal Ascanio Sforza, to become director of works of the new Pavia Cathedral, again with Bramante having a minor role. In 1489, he helped design and build the Arca di San Lanfranco for the church of that name in Pavia. In this period he worked also as Ducal engineer for Ludovico il Moro, designing fortifications at Chiavenna and Piattamale, as well as repairing of roads and bridges in Valtellina and (in the 16th century) hydraulic works; for Ludovico, he also realized a Loggia in the Ducal Palace of Vigevano, as well as some statues for the Milanese Cathedral. From 1495 Amadeo directed the works of the church of Santa Maria presso San Celso at Milan. From 1497 he directed works at the Milan Cathedral, finishing the tambour in 1500.

In the 16th century, Amadeo designed the church of Santa Maria di Canepanova, also in Pavia. In 1501 he sculpted reliefs with "Stories of the Carthusians" and "life of St. Bruno" for the Certosa of Pavia. In 1982 it had been proven that the Sanctuary of Santa Maria alla Fontana in Milan, attributed for many years to Leonardo da Vinci was in fact designed by Amadeo. In 1508 he also presented a model for the spire of the Milan Cathedral, which was not executed.

The notable façade of the Cathedral of Lugano, considered a masterpiece of Renaissance architecture, has also been attributed to Amadeo.

He died in Milan in 28 August 1522.

title: Giovanni Antonio Amadeo


text:
Dobutamine

Dobutamine is a medication used in the treatment of cardiogenic shock (as a result of inadequate tissue perfusion) and severe heart failure. It may also be used in certain types of cardiac stress tests. It is given by IV only, as an injection into a vein or intraosseous as a continuous infusion. The amount of medication needs to be adjusted to the desired effect. Onset of effects is generally seen within 2 minutes. It has a half-life of two minutes. This drug is generally only administered short term, although it may be used for longer periods to relieve symptoms of heart failure in patients awaiting heart transplantation.

Common side effects include a fast heart rate, an irregular heart beat, and inflammation at the site of injection. Use is not recommended in those with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. It primarily works by direct stimulation of β1 receptors, which increases the strength of the heart's contractions, leading to a positive inotropic effect. Generally it has little effect on a person's heart rate.

Dobutamine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1978. It is available as a generic medication. It was initially made from isoproterenol.

Medical uses
Dobutamine is used to treat acute but potentially reversible heart failure, such as which occurs during cardiac surgery or in cases of septic or cardiogenic shock, on the basis of its positive inotropic action.

Dobutamine can be used in cases of congestive heart failure to increase cardiac output. It is indicated when parenteral therapy is necessary for inotropic support in the short-term treatment of patients with cardiac decompensation due to depressed contractility, which could be the result of either organic heart disease or cardiac surgical procedures. Higher doses are not useful with history of recent ischemic heart disease because it increases heart rate and thus increases myocardial oxygen demand.

The drug is also commonly used in the hospital setting as a pharmacologic stress testing agent to identify coronary artery disease.

Adverse effects
Primary side effects include those commonly seen for β1 active sympathomimetics, such as hypertension, angina, arrhythmia, and tachycardia. Used with caution in atrial fibrillation as it has the effect of increasing the atrioventricular (AV) conduction.

The most dangerous side effect of dobutamine is increased risk of arrhythmia, including fatal arrhythmias.

Overall, dobutamine tends to produce less tachycardia and peripheral vascular effects than agents such as epinephrine and isoproterenol.

Pharmacology
Dobutamine is a direct-acting agent whose primary activity results from stimulation of the β1-adrenoceptors of the heart, increasing contractility and cardiac output. Since it does not act on dopamine receptors to inhibit the release of norepinephrine (another α1 agonist), dobutamine is less prone to induce hypertension than is dopamine.

Dobutamine is predominantly a β1-adrenergic agonist, with weak β2 activity, and α1 selective activity, although it is used clinically in cases of cardiogenic shock for its β1 inotropic effect in increasing heart contractility and cardiac output. Dobutamine is administered as a racemic mixture consisting of both (+) and (−) isomers; the (+) isomer is a potent β1 agonist and α1 antagonist, while the (−) isomer is an α1 agonist. The administration of the racemate results in the overall β1 agonism responsible for its activity. (+)-Dobutamine also has mild β2 agonist activity, which makes it useful as a vasodilator.

History
It was developed in the 1970s by Drs. Ronald Tuttle and Jack Mills at Eli Lilly and Company, as a structural analogue of isoprenaline.

title: Dobutamine


text:
MediaWiki talk:Blocklistline

HTML vs wikitext
Changing this from HTML links to wikitext links broke this message yesterday. It's fixed now. It's hard to tell which messages require which formatting; it would be nice if Special:Allmessages linked to MediaWiki namespace or any other place where this could be better documented. -- Beland 03:35, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Recent code changes mean this is no longer a problem. A link to the block target's user and talk pages is generated unless it's an autoblock. Rob Church (talk) 03:21, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

link to deleted edits?
Would it be a good idea to link to users' deleted edits on the block list? If nothing shows up in a blocked user's contributions, it can be hard to tell what they did (things like creating nonsense pages). --Ixfd64 05:22, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I would oppose it on the grounds that that tool may not always be around. Having a Special:Deletededits page might be an option in the future, however. Rob Church (talk) 03:19, 15 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Agreed. -- S iva1979 Talk to me  04:00, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

title: MediaWiki talk:Blocklistline


text: Category:Hotels in Mississippi

title: Category:Hotels in Mississippi


text: Template:Piedmont Triad Radio

title: Template:Piedmont Triad Radio


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St. Francis Preparatory School

St. Francis Preparatory School, commonly known as St. Francis Prep, is a private, independent Catholic college preparatory school in Fresh Meadows, Queens, New York City, New York. It is the largest non-diocesan Catholic high school in the United States. St. Francis is run by the Franciscan Brothers of Brooklyn, who maintain a residence on the top floor of the school. As of the 2015–16 school year, enrollment at St. Francis was 2,489.

History
St. Francis Preparatory originated as St. Francis Academy, a small all-boys high school on 300 Baltic Street in Brooklyn, New York, founded by the Franciscans Brothers of Brooklyn (O.S.F.). The college section became St. Francis College, a private predominantly undergraduate college in Brooklyn Heights. It took its current name in 1935, then moved to a larger facility in Williamsburg, Brooklyn in 1952. The school moved to its current location in Fresh Meadows, Queens in 1974 when it acquired the facility that formerly housed Bishop Reilly High School, a co-educational Catholic high school. The school began admitting female students that same year. A fitness center was added recently and the science labs are being updated. There are currently plans to add a three-story addition to the rear of the existing building. The upgrades to the art rooms will support students in the studio, digital and the performing arts.

Co-curricular activities and athletics
St. Francis Prep has a rivalry with Holy Cross High School, fueled particularly by their football teams. Known as the "Battle of the Boulevard" due to the two schools being located only 2 miles apart on Francis Lewis Boulevard, the rivalry between the Prep Terriers and the Holy Cross Knights has been called "arguably the greatest rivalry in New York City football."

Notable alumni

 * Ted Alexandro, stand-up comedian
 * William Alfred, Harvard professor, poet, playwright
 * Frank J. Aquila, corporate lawyer
 * Marco Battaglia, NFL football player
 * Michelle Betos, NWSL goalkeeper
 * Des Bishop, stand-up comedian
 * Joe Schad (born c. 1974) is a reporter, writer, analyst and broadcaster
 * Vincent DePaul Breen, former Bishop of Diocese of Metuchen
 * Patti Ann Browne, news anchor for the Fox News Channel
 * Tiffany Cabán, member of the New York City Council
 * Julie Chen, former news anchor for CBS, Daytime Emmy Award winning co-host of The Talk and hostess of reality show Big Brother
 * Carlos Dengler, former bassist of band Interpol
 * Gerry DiNardo, former college football coach and current Big Ten Network commentator
 * James Dooley, Emmy Award-winning composer
 * Sonny Dove (1963), college and NBA basketball player, fourth pick of 1967 NBA draft
 * Emily Engstler, WNBA basketball player on Indiana Fever and 2022 U23 3x3 USA National Basketball team member
 * Peter Facinelli, actor
 * Joe Santagato, YouTuber and podcaster
 * Kyle Flood, University of Texas football offensive coordinator and former Rutgers football head coach.
 * Eric Gioia, New York City councilman
 * Abbas "Bas" Hamad, rapper
 * Dan Henning, NFL football player and coach
 * Ed Jenkins, NFL football player
 * Vince Lombardi, former Green Bay Packers coach and namesake of the Lombardi Award and the Vince Lombardi Trophy
 * Glen Mazzara, writer and television producer
 * Joanne Persico, volleyball coach
 * Bill Pickel, NFL football player and sports broadcaster
 * Keith Powers, American politician, Democrat, and council member for the 4th district of the New York City Council
 * Frank Serpico, New York police officer known for uncovering corruption
 * Father Robert S. Smith, American Catholic priest, author, and educator
 * Joe Torre, former MLB player, former New York Mets, Atlanta Braves, St. Louis Cardinals, New York Yankees and Los Angeles Dodgers manager

title: St. Francis Preparatory School


text:
User talk:Tonyx735

Welcome, from Journalist

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! Have fun! →Jo urna list >>talk<<  03:32, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Tonyx735


text:
User:Powerlord

About Me
My real name is Ross Bemrose.

I am best known for being the Webmaster and System Administrator of VGMusic.com

I currently work as a Software developer at the State of Michigan's Center for Shared Solutions and Technology Partnerships (CSSTP), a division of the Michigan Department of Technology, Management, and Budget. (DTMB).

Current Projects

 * System Administrator at VGMusic.com.
 * Super Admin on OverClocked ReMix's Team Fortress 2 servers

title: User:Powerlord


text:
Category talk:Humanities

Untitled
I just removed the following text from this category:

 * *Reading the Family Dance: Family Systems Therapy and Literary Study* Edited by John V. Knapp and Kenneth Womack Univ. Of Delaware Press, 2003.

 * The development in recent years of the intersections between the family and literary study continues to emerge as one of the most productive and illuminating arenas of contemporary critique. As an interpretative mechanism, family systems therapy (fst) provides scholars and readers alike with a revelatory social psychology for evaluating the nature of the familial structures that often mark our textual experiences. In addition to addressing the family dynamic through which a given literary character develops a fully realized sense of self, family systems therapy allows readers to examine the patterns by which characters function in their larger intimate systems, whether those systems be social, institutional, or even global.

 * *Reading the Family Dance: Family Systems Therapy and Literary Study* offers a collection of original essays that reflects both the substantial critical interest in this important contemporary field of inquiry, as well as its wide range of forays into such disciplines as feminism, gender studies, ethnicity, race, and cultural studies. Divided into three descriptive sections, Reading the Family Dance includes interdisciplinary essays that address various literary works in terms of family systems therapies respective approaches to our understandings of the self, the family, and the world. The essays in this volume range through much of the imaginative literature in English, including British works, ethnic and canonized American texts, and even the translation of a Brazilian novel; although many of the works analyzed in this collection were published in the twentieth century, Reading the Family Dance features essays devoted to Shakespeare and to various works of nineteenth-century fiction as well.

 * The volume begins with John V. Knapp's comprehensive and wide-ranging introduction to family systems therapy and literary study. In addition to providing readers with an intellectual history of the discipline, Knapp establishes a contemporary scholarly foundation for the ensuing collection. The essays by Kenneth Womack, Rosemary Babcock, Gary Storhoff, and Lee Ann De Reus included in the volume's first section, "The Self: Family Systems Therapy and the Quest for Identity," examine a host of issues related to the development of the self, including the onset of personal identity, sibling differentiation, and interpersonal communication.

 * In the volume's second section, "The Family: Family Systems Therapy and the Discourse of Community," the essays by Joan I. Schwarz, Steven Snyder, Jerome Bump, Sara Cooper, and John V. Knapp discuss the vocabularies of community that assist families as they develop into functional units or, conversely, into dysfunctional factions. In Reading the Family Dance's final section, "The World: Reading Family Systems Therapy in Extremis," the essays by Todd F. Davis, James M. Decker, Marco Malaspina, and Denis Jonnes explore the ways in which our culture often manifests itself in larger family systems. The essays in this section examine the ethics of these larger communities through their analyzes of Hollywood's entertainment culture, Renaissance-era family dynamics, and America's postwar family system.

What it was doing there I can't say, but what seems astonishing to me is that it's been there since August 15th, and no one noticed it. Chick Bowen 03:37, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Humanities


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fishing for pike

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was No consensus Ryan Norton T 22:19, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Fishing for pike
Wikipedia is not an instruction manual Comatose51 03:38, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per nomination. - Comatose51 03:38, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with angling --Rogerd 04:04, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nomination. Qaz  ( talk ) 07:07, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete I'm sure it's a well-meaning article but it's too general in nature and not particularly well-written. At best I can see it being rewritten and merged with either an article on the Pike or an article on lure fishing. Marcus22 08:18, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, possibly first transwiki to a wikibook if valuable enough. -- Egil 15:57, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge with pike Jtmichcock 17:14, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Wikibooks. -- Natalinasmpf 14:28, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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User talk:Hojacky

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User talk:Lambejim

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Nationality in biographies
Please note this is an international encyclopedia; the lede of a biographical article (the first sentences, see WP:LEDE) should mention the nationality of that person. Regards, HaeB (talk) 01:12, 5 July 2008 (UTC)

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Common english
hello, please leave the "law degree" as the common English version of JD. There is no benefit to the encyclopedia by presenting content in a more obtuse manner than is needed. -- TRPoD aka The Red Pen of Doom  02:10, 9 November 2012 (UTC)

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User talk:Pb13

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User talk:Orangelover

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User talk:Hotdeutch

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text: Category:Hotels in New York (state)

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California State Route 246

State Route 246 (SR 246) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that runs from Lompoc east to Solvang and Santa Ynez, cutting through the Santa Ynez Valley and the Santa Barbara Wine Country. Its western terminus is at the western city limits of Lompoc, and its eastern terminus is at State Route 154 near Santa Ynez.

Route description

Most of the road is two lanes wide, with the exception of the route through the cities of Lompoc and Buellton. This is the primary route from U.S. Route 101 to Solvang. It follows the Santa Ynez River for most of its length. The portion of the route through Solvang is called Mission Drive, while through Lompoc—including the portion where it is co-signed with State Route 1—it is called Ocean Avenue.

SR 246 begins at the western city limits of Lompoc, where it runs along Ocean Avenue to H Street, joining SR 1. The SR 246/SR 1 concurrency continues east along Ocean Avenue to the eastern edge of the city. SR 246 then splits from SR 1 and heads northeast out of Lompoc along a relatively flat two-lane road until reaching Buellton, where it widens upon its intersection with US 101. It narrows once again to two lanes through Solvang and Santa Ynez before reaching its eastern terminus at the junction with State Route 154.

SR 246 passes two of Santa Barbara County's Spanish-era missions, La Purísima Concepción near Lompoc, and Santa Inés in Solvang.

Part of SR 246 in Lompoc is in the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.

History
In 1933, this was designated as a state highway, and was numbered as Route 149 in 1935. In 1963, it was part of State Route 154. In the 1964 state highway renumbering, it was renumbered to SR 246. SR 246 used to run all the way west to Surf, but this segment along Ocean Avenue to the western city limits of Lompoc was relinquished to local control in 1984.

title: California State Route 246


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User talk:Jose the cad

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User talk:Yergs99

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text:
Albert Hensel

Albert Hensel (March 20, 1895 – June 5, 1942) was a German Communist executed under the Nazis. He was a member of the Communist Party of Germany and along with numerous other resistance fighters was executed by the Nazis. Hensel was born in Dresden where he and fellow communist members began their work against the Nazi regime.

Communism and the Reichstag Fire
Hitler became agitated by the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) after the Reichstag fire on February 23, 1933. The fire was started by Marinus van der Lubbe who was accused of being one of many communist agitators; however, a trial in March 1933 determined van der Lubbe acted alone. The Reichstag fire caused Hitler to create the Enabling Act which removed habeas corpus and many other civil liberties, providing Hitler with dictatorial control over Germany. Hitler quickly established a plan to execute any person who was working against the Nazi party and twice extended the act beyond its initial 1937 expiration. The Enabling Act also allowed Hitler to rule that all competing political parties of the Nazi regime were illegal. Albert Hensel and his co-conspirators did not have the strength to outwardly fight against Hitler, so they took a secretive approach to resisting. The German police were secretive in their counter efforts as well. The resisters were often not well received by the German populace and had to also hide their actions from them in fear of the citizens informing the police of their actions.

The Resistance
Most of the resistance’s actions involved industrial sabotage or publications that spoke of overthrowing Hitler and his government while promoting an anti-capitalist state. The KPD published a booklet in 1934 titled, “We are Fighting for a Soviet Germany”. That publication and the regular printing of a KPD newspaper, reasoned that the elimination of capitalism would erase religions and the hatred of religions including anti-Semitism.

Hensel would also join the Red Front or Rotfrontkämpferbund (RFB, other variants: Der Rote Frontkämpferbund, Roter Frontkämpferbund) (English: Red Front Fighters' League, Red Front Fighters Association) a paramilitary organization of the Communist Party of Germany, created on July 18, 1924, in Germany of the Weimar Republic period. Its first leader was Ernst Thälmann. The Red Front was banned in 1932.

The Dresden activists represented a small minority of the KPD included, Wilhelm Firl (journalist), Otto Gale (cobbler), Franz Hoffman, Kurt Schlosser, and Herbert Blcohwitz (carpenters), Arno Lade (team conductor), Franz Latzel (metal worker), Hans Rothbarth (textile worker), and Hans Daukner (Jewish Gardner).

Members of the Resistance
The KPD members were predominantly made up of the unemployed. Many of its members relied on the group for food, clothing, and housing which may have caused some to become members. The organization promised to pay its members for battling the German Nazis but likely were unable to provide any financial support. The KPD gained significant political power in Germany through the support of Hensel and its other members. At its height in 1933, the KPD held 1/6 of the seats in the German congress. Hensel helped establish the Communist Party of Germany along with Karl Stein, Fritz Shulze and his wife Eva Schulze Knabe, Arno Lade, and Hans Rothbarth were residents of Dresden and all were opponents of the Nazis. Many of them were convicted of treason by the Volksgerichtshof and eventually executed.

Plotzensee Prison
Hensel was one of over 2500 executions that took place at Plotzensee Prison. Hensel was arrested on February 6, 1941, and remained in custody at Plotzensee for over fourteen months. He was executed on June 5, 1942, at Plotzensee Prison in Berlin after being tried and convicted by the Volksgerichtshof. Hensel was executed by either hanging or beheading on June 5, 1942. The cottage where the executions took place is still standing.

Plotzensee is still operating in Germany. After World War II, the prison was used to house juvenile delinquents until 1987 when the juveniles were housed in a newly built facility nearby. After the juveniles were moved, the prison has been used as a men’s prison which still remains in operation.

title: Albert Hensel