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Dwight Schrute

Dwight Kurt Schrute III is a character on the American television series The Office and is portrayed by American actor Rainn Wilson. Dwight is a salesman and assistant to Michael Scott, at the fictional paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin, before his promotions in later seasons of the show. He also runs a bed and breakfast at Schrute Farms, is a beet plantation owner, and in Season 7, becomes the owner of the business park in which Dunder Mifflin is located.

Throughout the series, Dwight repeatedly attempts to become regional manager of the Scranton branch of Dunder Mifflin by serving dutifully under the regional manager character Michael Scott.

The character is based on Gareth Keenan from the original British version of the show, who was played by actor Mackenzie Crook. Notably, Dwight is the only character who has both appeared and had dialogue in every episode of the series.

Actor Rainn Wilson received three nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for his portrayal of the character.

Casting

Dwight Schrute is portrayed by American actor Rainn Wilson. Other actors that auditioned for the part were Seth Rogen, Matt Besser, Judah Friedlander and Patton Oswalt

All original series characters from the UK version of The Office were adapted for the US version of the show. Wilson watched every episode of the original British series, and was a fan before he auditioned for the U.S. version. Wilson had originally auditioned for Michael Scott, a performance he described as a "terrible Gervais impersonation". However, the casting directors liked his audition as Dwight much better and hired him for the role. Wilson based Dwight's hairstyle on the style he himself had when at the age of sixteen. In an interview, he said that he went to a barber to get "the worst haircut possible".

Character information
When the series begins, Dwight Schrute is a competent salesman at the Scranton branch of Dunder Mifflin. Dwight formally holds the title of "Assistant to the Regional Manager" but constantly refers to himself as "Assistant Regional Manager", attempting to elevate himself to second-in-command to branch manager Michael Scott. Dwight craves authority over his co-workers and relishes any minor task that Michael or anyone else will give him.

Although Dwight acts superior to many individuals and is often good in crisis, he is shown to actually be quite gullible, ignorant, and naive. For this reason, he is easily tricked and pranked by his coworker Jim Halpert. Dwight often speaks in a halting, intense manner, even in casual conversations. At the office, his most recurring business wear is a mustard-colored, short-sleeved shirt with a dark necktie and a brown suit jacket. He often uses one-upmanship to better himself over his peers, such as boasting about how he trains specific parts of his body. Dwight will sometimes engage in jokes and games in attempts to please Michael, but often fails to do so because of Michael's perception of himself as the jokester of the workplace. After Dwight temporarily leaves Dunder Mifflin, it is shown that he has long been watering the office plant and arranging the toys on Michael's desk in a manner that made Michael happy—unbeknownst to Michael.

Dwight is a former volunteer sheriff deputy, but had had to step down after breaking his pledge to help his boss, Michael, illegally pass a drug test by giving him his urine in the episode "Drug Testing." He is also a notary public; this creates difficulties when Angela desires to send him a notarized letter regarding their break-up. He lives on his family's beet farm alongside his cousin, Mose (played by producer/writer Michael Schur). Dwight has affinities for paintball, ping pong, survivalism, Goju Ryu karate and weapons.

Dwight also shows affinity for various science fiction and fantasy works; notably Battlestar Galactica, Star Wars, Lord of the Rings and Harry Potter.

In an episode commentary on the season one DVD, Wilson refers to Dwight as a "fascist nerd." In a feature on the season three DVD, Wilson describes Dwight as "someone who does not hate the system but has a deep and abiding love for it".

Family and childhood
In "Lecture Circuit", Dwight claims to remember his own birth, and his father, Dwight Schrute II, delivering him from the womb, and his mother biting off her umbilical cord. In "Grief Counseling", Dwight states that he was born a twin, but he "resorbed" his twin while still in his mother's womb (this occurrence is called twin embolization syndrome), causing him to believe that he now has "the strength of a grown man and a little baby". He also claims to have been born weighing 13 lb, rendering his mother incapable of walking for three months and two days, and in "Baby Shower", he claims to have performed his own circumcision.

Little is known about Dwight's parents, except that his father used to take him hunting, cheated in games, made his siblings and him biscuits for breakfast every morning, and that he battled obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.

Dwight lives in a nine-bedroom, one-bathroom farmhouse (with the single bathroom located under the porch), as revealed in "Office Olympics" on his family's 60 acre beet farm with his cousin Mose. The cousins sell beets to local stores, restaurants, and roadside beet stands. Dwight uses part of his farm to grow hemp. Dwight and Mose have also turned Schrute Farms into a ramshackle bed and breakfast.

According to one of Dwight's web logs on NBC.com's "Schrute-Space", he had an uncle, named Gunther, a goat farmer, who fled the Allied invasion of Germany and married a Finnish woman, with whom he had 17 children. He also had an Uncle Girt, who revealed that the Schrute family has an ongoing hatred of Harry S. Truman, because they were staunch supporters of Thomas Dewey. In another blog, he mentions a cousin named Heindl, who has received numerous injuries and infections from an attack by a small dog.

Interests
Dwight is trained in the art of surveillance and served as a volunteer [sheriff]'s deputy in Lackawanna County. He has a black belt in Goju-Ryu karate, and is the senpai at his dojo. Dwight is a pop culture and sci-fi enthusiast. In the episode "The Fire", he mentioned the movie The Crow as being his favorite film. He hints at belief in fictional creatures such as androids, zombies and vampires. He enjoys playing table tennis, and states that many of his heroes are table tennis players. His musical tastes vary, but heavy metal seems to be recurring.

He plays guitar and recorder, and sings. He is fascinated with cars; he usually checks a car's suspension, especially muscle cars. His technological talents are limited, but he shows a passion for the online role-playing game Second Life. He also shows an interest in trains. In "Todd Packer", it is revealed that Dwight does not know who Justin Bieber is, asking Jim "Who is Justice Beaver?", leaving Jim to answer "A crime-fighting beaver."

Dwight owns an impressive array of weaponry. In addition to Laser Tag and paintball equipment, he has a crossbow range at his farm ("Office Olympics") and, when he was named official Security Supervisor of the Scranton branch, hinted that he might bring a bo staff to work. He maintained a hidden arsenal of weapons around the office, including pepper spray, nunchucks, throwing stars, a stun gun, a boomerang, handcuffs, a nightstick, a pair of brass knuckles and a Chinese sword, all of which were confiscated by Toby.

Dwight is vocal about his views on justice, which is reflected in his television viewing habits, as he enjoys watching and has great admiration for Judge Judy, as well as Vic Mackey on The Shield. In "The Negotiation", Roy Anderson attacks Jim, because he kissed Roy's fiancee, Pam, but Dwight intercepts the attack with pepper spray. Throughout the episode, Jim attempts to show his appreciation, but Dwight refuses to accept his gifts, simply stating "Citizens do not accept prizes for being citizens". In "Drug Testing", Dwight finds half of a joint in the parking lot, which incites him to carry out a severe, and thorough, investigation. When he discovers that Michael might have been exposed to illegal drugs at a concert, he substitutes his own urine during the mandatory drug test. Dwight then resigns from his volunteer position at the Sheriff's Department, because he feels that he is no longer worthy of working there. In "Frame Toby", Dwight states that he is skilled at framing people, as well as animals, revealing that he once framed a raccoon for opening a Christmas gift, and a bear for eating out of the garbage, although he had made it obvious to the police that he wanted Toby to be imprisoned. In the episode "Women's Appreciation", he is quoted as saying "Better a thousand innocent men are locked up than one guilty man roam free."

In "Conflict Resolution", Dwight states that he does not like to smile, as showing one's teeth is a submission signal in primates, and that whenever someone smiles at him, "all [he] sees is a chimpanzee begging for its life." Dwight owns many exotic pets including piranhas, frogs, an arctic wolf, a raccoon, a porcupine named Henrietta, and an opossum, although the wolf escaped due to poor restraints and he flushed his piranhas down the toilet. He also has an interest in bears, and is ready to debate the habits and characteristics of different species of bears. He also has expressed a surprisingly large affection towards baby otters, as shown in the cold opening of "Whistleblower".

In "Costume Contest", Dwight claims to be able to sit on a fence, and that he is even able to sleep on one, stating that "The trick is to do it face down, with the post in your mouth".

It is revealed in the "Suit Warehouse" episode that as a child Dwight collected cat feces.

Relationships
In "Drug Testing", Dwight states that he likes his co-workers, "with four exceptions", leaving it up to the audience to make educated guesses about whom these four exceptions are.

Angela Martin
Towards the middle of season 2, Dwight develops a secret relationship with Angela Martin. Pam begins to suspect a relationship between the two, in "E-mail Surveillance", by observing their interactions, suspicions that are strengthened in "The Injury" and "Conflict Resolution", and confirmed by "Traveling Salesmen", during which Angela confides in Pam about her relationship, using code names. In "Michael's Birthday", Ryan discovers the relationship between the two when he overhears a coded conversation between them in the kitchen, while in "The Negotiation" Jim discovers the relationship while coming out of the office bathroom after quitting time, to find Dwight and Angela kissing (he then tells the documentary crew that, with his silence, the debt he feels to Dwight is repaid).

In the episode "Fun Run", Angela asks Dwight to care for her sick cat, Sprinkles. Instead of caring for the feline, Dwight feels he should kill it as a waste of resources, and then tells Angela Sprinkles was dead when he arrived. When he lets the truth slip out shortly after, Angela terminates their relationship. Jim, on a visit to Dwight's beet farm, finds Dwight sitting alone at night, contemplating Angela's cherub figurine and moaning in anguish.

In the fourth season finale "Goodbye, Toby", Dwight is obviously hurt when Angela's boyfriend, Andy, proposes to her. However, in the final scene of the episode, Phyllis catches Dwight having sex with Angela in the office.

In the fifth season premiere, "Weight Loss", Dwight and Angela have resumed a covert relationship, using a storage room in the warehouse to have sex. In "Crime Aid", Andy and Angela set a date for their wedding. After some advice from Phyllis, Dwight gives Angela an ultimatum: call off the engagement, or he will no longer be with her. She chooses to marry Andy. When Andy learns about Angela's affair with Dwight, a duel between Dwight and Andy takes place, but both realize that Angela has been lying to them and break up with her. For quite some time afterwards, Dwight and Angela avoid each other.

In the season 6 episode "The Delivery", Dwight, witnessing Jim and Pam talk to customers about their unborn child, decides that he wants a child, and asks Angela to be the mother. They sign an elaborate contract, including eating guidelines for Angela to follow when she is pregnant, and how the baby will be raised. While Angela is excited by the reconciliation, Dwight doesn't share her romantic feelings. When Dwight develops an interest in Pam's friend Isabel, he tells Angela to forget about the contract; this infuriates Angela, and she sues him in small-claims court. When an arbitrator tells them that the contract is valid and would involve a $30,000 settlement (because it would be illegal to force Dwight and Angela to procreate), Dwight cuts a deal with Angela for five sessions of sex. He then proceeds to abuse his genitals in an effort to sterilize himself and fends off Angela's efforts to be romantic.

In Season 7, after Angela meets a state senator whom she finds much more personable than Dwight, she voids the pact in "WUPHF.com".

In "Jury Duty", it is revealed that, a month before her wedding to the state senator, Robert Lipton, Dwight and Angela had sex, as Robert was not fulfilling Angela's sexual needs, so Dwight believes that he is the baby's biological father. In "New Guys", it is revealed that he is not the father.

In season 9, they become close again first when Dwight finds out that Robert is cheating on Angela with Oscar, and later in "Moving On" when Angela helps him take care of his elderly aunt. They share a kiss, but afterwards both say that she should remain faithful to her husband. After inheriting his aunt's beet farm, Dwight starts a relationship with neighboring Brussels sprout farmer Esther Bruegger (Nora Kirkpatrick). When Dwight seems to be getting serious with Esther and the Senator has publicly dumped Angela, Angela breaks down and admits to Oscar Martinez that she still loves Dwight. On the day that he intends to ask Esther to marry him, Dwight instead proposes to Angela. She says yes, finally admitting that he is the father of her son Phillip ("A.A.R.M.").

Michael Scott
Dwight holds a high level of respect for Michael, viewing him as a model for success, and often participating with Michael's ill-conceived schemes. However, he betrays Michael numerous times, such as when he goes over Michael's head to vie for the manager's job in "The Coup". Despite this, Michael frequently dismisses Dwight and often appears embarrassed by his antics; for much of the series, he also refuses to promote Dwight from "Assistant to the Regional Manager" to "Assistant Regional Manager". In later seasons, Dwight was shown to return the favor, such as Dwight telling Michael that he would have a better career if he'd taken a job at Home Depot. Several times throughout the series, however, it is revealed that Michael does care about Dwight's feelings, and the two sometimes share bonding moments. In "Training Day", Dwight is unhappy when the open branch manager position goes to Deangelo Vickers, and when he learns that Michael did not recommend him for the job, as he led him to believe, he snubs Michael and goes to a meeting Vickers has called, leaving Michael standing outside, by himself. In "Goodbye, Michael", Dwight is still frustrated with Michael, but his hostility turns into heartfelt appreciation as Michael hands him the recommendation letter. At first, the letter does not seem to impress him, but, as he reads through, he realizes that Michael really does respect him. They are later seen engaging in a friendly paintball fight, and Dwight's loyalty to Michael is once again restored. After Michael left, Dwight did not have the same respect for Deangelo and Andy that Dwight previously had for Michael, implying that Dwight truly respects and values Michael. In a deleted scene from "Finale", Dwight stated that Michael sent him his "World's Best Boss" mug when he became Regional Manager.

In the episode "Finale", as Jim explains that the "Bestest [sic] Mensch" (best man) in Dwight's wedding must be older than him, Dwight is disappointed. The camera then pans over to reveal that Michael returned, much to Dwight's surprise and delight, and Jim has arranged for him to fill in as best man. Michael watches as his "family" is sitting together and is last seen dancing with Dwight.

Jim Halpert
Dwight is frequently the victim of practical jokes by co-workers Jim Halpert and Pam Beesly, including putting his desk supplies in the snack machine, putting his stapler into Jello, and moving his desk into the men's restroom, and replacing Dwight's desk with breakway giftwrap replica, although it appears that he remains oblivious to Pam's involvement; these pranks tend to exploit his stubborn and gullible nature. Dwight's frustration with Jim's pranks reaches a crisis point in "Conflict Resolution", when Dwight threatens to quit unless Jim is transferred. Dwight occasionally pulls successful pranks on Jim in turn, most prominently in "Classy Christmas" where he subjects Jim to a barrage of pranks revolving around snowballs. Professionally, Dwight wins the 2005 Salesman of the Year Award, although, this is likely due to, at least in part, his theft of Jim's largest client.

During "Initiation", Dwight tells Ryan he regrets that he and Jim never got along. In "Traveling Salesmen", Dwight quits and hugs Jim as a farewell which surprises Jim as he does not know that Dwight quit. Later, Jim is irritated when Andy replaces Dwight and even says that he misses Dwight. Earlier in the same episode, Jim and Dwight make an incredibly efficient sales team, functioning well as a duo and thinking similarly in their tactics. The two were paired together when they began as traveling salesmen at the company. In "Company Picnic" the two embrace in celebration after Dwight sets Jim up to score the final point in volleyball. Dwight plans to demote Jim from the Assistant Regional Manager spot, and make him miserable, during "The Job".

Dwight's relationship with Jim mellows somewhat in later seasons, and they, at times, cooperate effectively on sales calls or running the office in Michael's absence, sometimes even socializing together. Jim often supports Dwight when he is genuinely hurt or in danger (such as in "Money" and "Last Day in Florida") and occasionally compliments his successes (such as in "Dwight K. Schrute, (Acting) Manager"). In "The Negotiation", Dwight saves Jim from Roy Anderson who was attempting to punch Jim by pepper spraying Roy. However, continually refuses Jim's gestures of appreciation, stating that he only acted in the line of duty. However, when Jim is promoted to co-manager, Dwight's enmity returns to full force, and he conducts an ongoing campaign to depose Jim, who eventually resumes his old job as sales representative in "Manager and Salesman".

In the final episode of the series, "Finale", Dwight asks Jim to be the best man at his wedding. Jim throws Dwight a commendable bachelor party rife with surprises (which Jim refers to as "guten pranken" supposed german for "good pranks"). Before the wedding Jim informs Dwight that, under Schrute tradition, he is not allowed to be best man as he is younger than him. Jim surprises him with the arrival of Michael Scott. The wedding proceeds in Schrute tradition with Michael as Dwight's new best man. Later in the episode Jim and Pam tell Dwight they are quitting so Jim can rejoin his sports marketing firm now based in Austin, but Dwight fires them instead so he can give them hefty severance packages.

Pam Beesly
Although she is often involved in Jim's pranks on Dwight, Dwight has, at certain times, displayed a curious sense of protectiveness towards her. In "Back from Vacation" and "Diwali", he comforts a tearful Pam, and in "China", he secretly allows Pam to save face when she feels vulnerable about her job abilities. In "The Job", Dwight offers Pam the position of "Secret Assistant to the Regional Manager", and following Jim's advice concerning any offers from Dwight to be involved in something secret, she accepts. Though Jim presumably meant this as the opening move of a prank, Pam instead uses it as a bonding opportunity between her and Dwight.

The two briefly become best friends while he suffers a concussion in the season 2 episode "The Injury". In the season 6 episode "The Delivery", Dwight shows more signs of his begrudging friendship with Jim and Pam during Pam's pregnancy. In the episode, he is sent to the Halperts' house to retrieve Pam's iPod, while they are at the hospital. Instead of finding the iPod and bringing it back to her, Dwight completely rebuilds and repaints their kitchen, after discovering mold. He also advises Pam on how to keep her daughter, Cece, from crying, during "Viewing Party", by relating his child rearing experiences. Dwight's odd friendship with Pam is explored again in "Doomsday". At this point, Pam is the only one in the office who is able to understand Dwight's inner feelings, as she successfully convinces him to deactivate his doomsday machine. It is implied at the end of the episode that Dwight, despite his outward contempt for his co-workers, feels a sense of responsibility (and possibly even affection) towards them.

In a talking-head interview, in the episode "Tallahassee", Dwight talks about how first impressions last forever. He recalls that, when he first met Pam, she said something to him that "slightly rubbed [him] the wrong way", and while he has since loved working with her, even stating that she is wonderful, due to that first impression, he hates her. In the episode "The Whale", Dwight openly tells Pam that he considers her his friend. In the final episode of the series, Dwight refers to Pam as his "best friend", and he ensures that she and Jim get a large severance as they leave Dunder Mifflin.

Andy Bernard
As a result of the Scranton-Stamford merger, Dwight loses his number two position to Jim and engages in an ongoing battle with new salesman Andy Bernard, to gain Michael's favor for "third-in-command". The struggle comes to a climax in "Traveling Salesmen". In Season 4, Andy and Dwight are shown to work well together as a sales team, but Andy's successful pursuit of Angela, after she broke up with Dwight, was irritating to him. When Andy gets engaged to Angela, Dwight is greatly upset by this, and embarks on an affair with her. This affair culminates in a short-lived fight between Andy and Dwight, when they discover Angela has lied to both of them, about not having had sex with the other. However, by the end of the fifth season, Andy and Dwight become friends, and discover they both share a mutual interest in music and hunting.

Ryan Howard
In the beginning of the series, Dwight feels threatened by Ryan Howard, to whom Michael often assigns personal tasks. He continues to resent Ryan, throughout the second season, often addressing him as "Temp", even after Ryan takes over Jim's position. In the beginning of season 2, Dwight's friendship with Michael was slightly torn during "The Fire", when Michael seems to be viewing Ryan more favorably than Dwight, and in "Performance Review", in which Michael must evaluate Ryan. In "Initiation", Dwight decides to assist Ryan, during his first sales call, although the two get off to a rough start when Dwight hazes him in a series of bizarre initiation rituals. Soon afterwards, Dwight takes Ryan on his first meeting, which ends in disaster. Ryan then eggs the potential customer's building out of spite, and Dwight develops some respect for him.

During season 4, Dwight, along with Michael, comes to Ryan's rescue when they visit him in New York City, when he gets into a scuffle.

Ryan and Dwight later team up again in season 6, when Dwight plans to sabotage Jim's occupation, as branch co-manager.

Romantic relationships
A subtle running joke throughout the series is Dwight's surprising success with attractive women, with Michael often failing to "hook up" at the same time. Despite Dwight's unusual appearance and mannerisms, he manages to attract women, who usually develop stronger feelings for him than vice versa. Michael has even pointed out how socially weird Dwight is acting, only for the woman to brush it off. In « dinner party », he arrives with a date to Michael’s house, the date being his former babysitter. In "Night Out", Dwight hooks up with a female basketball player, while Michael fails in his attempts with other women. As Michael and Dwight leave the club, the woman calls out for Dwight to call her, which he says to Michael that he will not do. In "Niagara", Michael and Dwight compete for the attention of Pam's best friend, Isabel. When Dwight starts talking about his farm, Michael tries to explain that no one can connect with his experiences as farmer, only for Isabel to become interested in Dwight's horses. Dwight ultimately manages to have sex with her, and she begins to develop deeper feelings for him which he does not return, although it is finally hinted in "The Delivery" that Dwight might have more intimate feelings for her than he originally let on. They meet again at the bar in "Happy Hour", and bond further, kissing at the end of the episode. In season 9, he begins to date an attractive neighboring farmer named Esther (Nora Kirkpatrick). He ultimately ends his relationship with her in "A.A.R.M.". In the final episode, Dwight marries Angela Martin.

Character reception
The Dwight Schrute character has had a very positive reception, and is often cited as one of the most popular characters on the show. According to Entertainment Weekly, he is one of the "greatest sidekicks". In TV Guide's list of the top 100 characters in television history, Dwight was ranked 85th. In an ABC News interview with Rainn Wilson, the interviewer commented that "Words barely describe Dwight Schrute, the suck-up salesman and assistant to the regional manager of the Scranton branch for the Dunder Mifflin Paper Company..." and "Dwight, as played by the 41-year-old Wilson, has become one of the breakout characters in television comedy. Dwight is a survivalist geek, a student of karate who likes to shoot a crossbow and watch "Battlestar Galactica" on television. And he takes himself very, very seriously..." E! News commented that Rainn Wilson should be nominated for an Emmy Award for his performance of Dwight, commenting: "...Who's laughing now? Who's laughing now, Dwight Schrute? Oh, only the ten million-plus people who watched as you pepper sprayed the living daylights out of Roy for trying to pop Jim in the face last night. My God, have I missed you, man. Mr. Schrute, you are the reason I love my job, my friend. It is the selflessly heroic actions of a man such as you that make television a nice place to be on a Thursday night. You may just be an everyday citizen who does not accept prizes for being a citizen, but you'd best be accepting a supporting actor Emmy nod this year, because, hot damn if you don't deserve it."

Another positive review of the character was given by PopMatters, an online entertainment news site. The review stated: "One of the show's ironies is that Michael and Dwight, hapless though they might be within the office or in most social settings, are actually top salesmen". Dwight approaches sales with the same militaristic fervor as everything else in his life, and it pays off for him (maybe that's one of the reasons why, when Jim gives Dwight one of Benito Mussolini's speeches to deliver when he accepts a sales award in Season Two, Dwight delivers it so enthusiastically that he gets a standing ovation)". Metalcore band The Devil Wears Prada named a song "Assistant to the Regional Manager," alluding to Dwight's position. In addition, the band created a T-shirt design that indirectly associates itself with Dwight by strongly resembling him. It is named "Guy Wearing Tie."

Bobblehead doll
In the episode "Valentine's Day", Dwight is given a bobblehead doll as a Valentine's gift, from Angela. Following the episode, fans of the show petitioned NBC to make the bobblehead doll available for purchase on their online store. NBC responded by creating an initial run of 4,000 bobblehead dolls, which sold out almost immediately. The creator of the show, Greg Daniels, joked about the bobbleheads, saying "Yes, they are fun, but they also serve a business purpose. People who want to manage by consensus can buy six and keep them nodding all the time to whatever they say." In 2010 Hallmark released a smaller talking version of the doll as part of their 2010 Christmas Keepsake Ornament selection.

Résumé
In "Halloween", Jim and Pam uploaded Dwight's resume to "Monster.com, Craigslist, and Google." A producer actually did create a Monster account for Dwight and uploaded his résumé a month before the episode aired. It can be found by employers with resume database access who search for salesmen in Scranton, Pennsylvania. The résumé stated that he was willing to relocate to another state, wanted a salary close to $30,000 (USD), desired the job title of "Regional Manager", was currently "Assistant to the Regional Manager", and had a bachelor's degree. The posted résumé also stated: "My time spent at Dunder Mifflin was very enjoying. I had the opportunity to learn from an experienced and talented boss. My branch consistently was one of the top sellers of the company..."

Schrute Farms
In the episode titled "Money", Pam refers to a TripAdvisor page for Dwight's bed and breakfast. This can be found by searching for Schrute Farms. Jim and Pam discover that Dwight is running the Schrute Farm as an "agritourism" bed and breakfast. They spend the night there, taking part in table-making demonstrations, beet wine-making, and distributing manure. That night, however, Jim hears an unnerving moaning sound throughout the night, later shown to be Dwight in his room crying over his breakup with Angela. The TripAdvisor page said:

"Schrute Farms is the number one beet-related agritourism destination in Northeastern Pennsylvania. We offer the finest accommodations for the casual traveller and/or radish enthusiast. Come join us and experience majestic Schrute Farms."

Jim and Pam ("JandP2") also posted a review, which can be seen on the reviews page. It read: "The architecture reminds one of a quaint Tuscan beet farm, and the natural aroma of the beets drifts into the bedrooms and makes you dream of simpler times. You will never want to leave your room. The informative lecture will satisfy all your beet curiosity, and the dawn goose walk will tug at your heart strings. Table making never seemed so possible. Great story to tell your friends. Plenty of parking! The staff's attention to detail and devotion to cleanliness was limitless. From their enthusiastic welcome to the last wave good-bye, Schrute Farms delivers."

An angry Angela also put a review up, and mentioned the death of her cat as a main cause for the review. It said: "I have to warn people about the proprietor of Schrute Farms—he may portray himself as a gentleman farmer, but he is not what he seems! He killed my cat, Sprinkles! Who knows what he might do to you or your loved ones..."

According to Dwight, during the Civil War, while the Battle of Gettysburg was known for having the most deaths, the battle of Schrute Farms was known for having the highest DPA (deaths per acre). He also claimed it was the northernmost battle during the Civil War. However, in reality, it was actually a safe haven for men who wanted relief from the war to focus on artistic lifestyles. It is insinuated that this was a camp for homosexual soldiers. Melvin Fifer Garris is the only known soldier to write home from Schrute Farms during the Civil War.

In a deleted scene from the Season 3 DVD set, it is shown that Dwight won his farm in a game of Blackjack.

Vice presidential bid joke
On the May 7, 2008, episode of The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, US Senator and Republican Party presidential nominee John McCain joked that Dwight Schrute would be his vice presidential candidate choice. Rainn Wilson appeared on The Tonight Show on May 14, 2008, and read to Jay Leno a list of demands from Dwight in exchange for being vice president. Included in this list was being able to pilot Air Force One at any time, and only to be addressed as "Iceman" while piloting. He also demanded that Jack Bauer be immediately promoted to United States Secretary of Defense, his bunker to include a foosball table and be zombie-proof, and that the Secret Service members be armed with nunchakus, throwing stars, and flamethrowers. Finally, he demanded a flamethrower, an Iron Man suit, and that Michael Scott be an "ambassador to Hawaii."

In academic research
Researchers at Brigham Young University, Stanford and Northwestern University demonstrated that social outsiders, similar to Dwight's character, lead to better group decision making. Media accounts of their published study reported that having a Dwight Schrute around is good for business. Dwight was included in articles about the research by Time magazine, The Globe and Mail, The Salt Lake Tribune and Brigham Young University.

Possible spin-off series and departure from The Office
On January 25, 2012, news broke that NBC was planning a spin-off series, starring Wilson as Dwight, that would be set at Schrute Farms, Dwight's bed-and-breakfast and beet farm. The spin-off was to have been created by Wilson and executive producer Paul Lieberstein, but Office developer Greg Daniels would not have been involved. The series was in the works for a premiere in early 2013, and would have caused Wilson to leave The Office during the ninth season. The spin-off was scheduled to have been introduced as a backdoor pilot in a later episode of the ninth season. Despite the news report, Wilson tweeted "Don't believe everything you read in the press, OK?" In October 2012, NBC announced that it was not accepting the spin-off series. The pilot episode was still aired during the ninth season of The Office, however, as episode 17, ‘The Farm’.

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 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Rob Church Talk 23:48, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Fall_of_Rome:_Total_War
Non-notable article on third-party modification for the Rome: Total War computer game. One of many such "mods" that is under development by a small group. Has not been released. Qualifies as a vanity article at least until it has been released and acquired a substantial following. Of all mods for the game, only Rome Total Realism, by far the most popular and one of the oldest, has an article of its own. Others are consigned to mentions within the main article on the game, where this mod is also listed. Text of article is essentially marketing copy. Craigkbryant 22:29, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete per nomination. - Craigkbryant 22:29, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unreleased mods are almost never notable. - A Man In Black (conspire | past ops) 22:45, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Sparta High School (New Jersey)

Sparta High School is a four-year comprehensive community public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades from Sparta, in Sussex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Sparta Township Public School District.

As of the 2022–23 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,071 students and 99.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.8:1. There were 31 students (2.9% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 7 (0.7% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

History
The school opened in September 1959 after Newton High School in neighboring Newton, which had served Sparta students, could no longer take on Sparta's rapidly growing high school-aged population. The sending districts of Hopatcong and Byram Township combined with Sparta to form the initial student body. In its first year of operation, Sparta High enrolled over 400 students enrolled in just three grades, from the three communities that shared the school. In May 1964, Sparta graduated its first class—of 160 students—that had attended the school for all four years.

Students from Byram Township had attended Sparta High School until 1974, when Lenape Valley Regional High School was created.

During the 1970s, Sparta High School instituted split sessions to help alleviate problems brought on by increased enrollment. This was only a temporary fix, however, and the township later approved a referendum to build an annex onto the back of the school, more than doubling its area. The section added a new cafeteria, a library, and open classroom spaces.

In the early 1990s, the open spaces provided by the built-on annex were renovated and became closed classrooms. By this time, over one thousand students—all from Sparta—were enrolled in the school. Later in the 1990s, the high school was expanded yet again, adding a new science wing and a number of technological upgrades.

In September 2006, Sparta residents approved a referendum to perform major renovations on the school. The construction began in the spring of 2008 and was completed by the beginning of the 2010-2011 school year. This reconstruction was to alleviate the issue of overcrowding that the school faced. During the construction, many classrooms were displaced to a cluster of modular trailer rooms.

Awards, recognition and rankings
The school was the 34th-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 339 schools statewide in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2014 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", using a new ranking methodology. The school had been ranked 83rd in the state of 328 schools in 2012, after being ranked 78th in 2010 out of 322 schools listed. The magazine ranked the school 63rd in 2008 out of 316 schools. The school was ranked 73rd in the magazine's September 2006 issue, which included 316 schools across the state. Schooldigger.com ranked the school tied for 104th out of 381 public high schools statewide in its 2011 rankings (a decrease of 6 positions from the 2010 ranking) which were based on the combined percentage of students classified as proficient or above proficient on the mathematics (86.6%) and language arts literacy (96.2%) components of the High School Proficiency Assessment (HSPA).

For the 2013-14 school year, Sparta High School ranked first out of nine public high schools in SAT scores.

Sports
The Sparta High School Spartans compete in the Northwest Jersey Athletic Conference, which comprises public and private high schools in Morris, Sussex and Warren counties, and was established following a reorganization of sports leagues in Northern New Jersey by the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA). Sparta High School had participated in the Sussex County Interscholastic League until the SCIL was dissolved in 2009 as part of the NJSIAA's restructuring. With 824 students in grades 10-12, the school was classified by the NJSIAA for the 2019–20 school year as Group III for most athletic competition purposes, which included schools with an enrollment of 761 to 1,058 students in that grade range. The football team competes in the United Red division of the North Jersey Super Football Conference, which includes 112 schools competing in 20 divisions, making it the nation's biggest football-only high school sports league. The school was classified by the NJSIAA as Group III North for football for 2022–2024, which included schools with 680 to 884 students.

Interscholastic sports programs compete in one of three seasons:
 * Fall: Football, Boys' Soccer, Girls' Soccer, Unified Soccer, Cross-Country (Boys' & Girls'), Field Hockey, Girls' Volleyball, Cheerleading, Marching Band, and Girls' Tennis
 * Winter: Boys' Basketball, Girls' Basketball, Unified Basketball, Skiing (Boys' & Girls'), Bowling (Boys' & Girls'), Winter Track (Boys' & Girls'), Wrestling, Swimming (Boys' & Girls'), and Ice Hockey
 * Spring: Track and Field (Boys' & Girls'), Unified Track and Field, Boys' Lacrosse, Girls Lacrosse', Baseball, Softball, Golf (Boys' & Girls') and Boys' Tennis

The school participates with Jefferson Township High School in a joint ice hockey team in which Kinnelon High School is the host school / lead agency. The co-op program operates under agreements scheduled to expire at the end of the 2023–24 school year.

The football team won the North I Group II state sectional championship in 1976, 1979, 1980, 1982 and 2003 and won the North I Group III title in 2013 and 2014. The 1976 team won the North I Group II state sectional title with a 34-7 win against Tenafly High School in the championship game. A punt returned for a touchdown provided the margin needed to win the 1979 North I Group II state sectional title with a 14-7 victory against Garfield High School in the playoff finals to finish the season 10-0-1. The 1980 team finished the season with an 11-0 record after winning the North I Group II state sectional title by defeating Saddle Brook by a score of 13-7 in overtime in the championship game. A stout defense helped the 1982 team defeat Ridgefield Park High School by a score of 21-14 in the North I Group II sectional championship game to finish the season with a record of 11-0. In 2003, Sparta's football team won the North I, Group II state championship at Giants Stadium against Dover High School by a score of 16-0 in the championship game, finishing the season with a 12-0 record and making them Sussex County's only 12-win undefeated football team. The team won consecutive North I Group III sectional titles against River Dell High School, winning by a score of 40-0 in 2013 and 31-23 in 2014.

The boys track team won the Group II spring / outdoor track state championship in 1976 and 1977.

The boys' cross country team won the Group II state championship in 1979.

The wrestling team won the North I Group II sectional title in 1983 and the North I Group III title in 2000; the team won the Group II state championship in 1983 The wrestling team won the North I, Group III state sectional championship in 2000 with a 36-29 win against Indian Hills High School.

The girls' basketball team won the Group II state championship in 1985 (defeating Middle Township High School in the title game) and won the Group III title in 1990 (vs. Pennsauken High School) and 2001 (vs. Toms River South High School). In 1985, the team finished the season 29-0 after defeating Middle Township in the Group II championship game, played at the Brendan Byrne Arena. The 2001 girls' basketball team won the North I, Group III state sectional championship with a 36-32 win versus Northern Highlands Regional High School. The team moved on to win the 2001 Group II state championship, defeating West Morris Mendham High School in the semifinals and Toms River High School South in the finals to take the title. The team won the 2003 North I, Group III title with a 34-28 win against Pascack Valley High School in the tournament final. The 2006 team won the North I, Group III title in a low-scoring match, topping Northern Highlands Regional High School by a final score of 27-18.

In 1995, Sparta's boys' soccer team won the state sectional championship and had a final season record of 21-2. The team finished first in the S.C.I.L with an undefeated record of 18-0.

The ice hockey team won the McMullen Cup in 2010-2012.

The softball team won the Group III state championship in 2011 vs. Middletown High School South. In 2005, the softball team won the North I, Group III state title with a 2-1 win against Nutley High School.

The girls' outdoor track and field team won the Group II state championship in 2018.

Academic excellence off the field
The boys' soccer team has earned the National Soccer Coaches Association of America's High School Boys Team Academic Award for seven consecutive seasons (2003–04 through 2010–11) and nine of ten dating back to 2001–02. To qualify for the award, the team must have a minimum grade point average of 3.25 for the entire academic year. The team GPA is determined by adding every player's GPA, then dividing by the number of players. Sparta is one of only two boys' soccer teams in all of New Jersey to be recognized in each of the past seven years (Woodbury High School is the other).

Graduation rate
According to the New Jersey Herald, the graduation rate for Sparta High School was 94.7%. This rate exceeds the national high school graduation rate of approximately 70%. Sparta High School has had the highest graduation rate in Sussex County.

Clubs and student activities
Sparta High School has many clubs, academically-related teams and student activities to choose from. The creation of a new club require a teacher sponsor for the cause (tasked with supervising) and approval from the school's administration.

Sparta High School has the following clubs and activities: Academic Bowl, Art Club, Beginnings (Literary Magazine), Chemistry Olympics, Nightingales (Women's Choir), Blue Nights (Men's Choir), Freshman Select Choir, Shacappella (A cappella group), Sparta Sirens (Female a cappella group), Debate Team, DECA (Distributive Education Clubs of America), Drama Club, FBLA (Future Business Leaders of America), GSA/Spectrum (Gay Straight Alliance), Habitat for Humanity, History Club, Jazz Bands: Blues Inc! Blues Sanction, Key Club, Marching Band/Color Guard, Mock Trial, National Honor Society, Olympian (Yearbook), PDP (Peer Development Program), Science League, Science Olympiad, Strings Club, Student Council, The Oracle (Newspaper), Theater Productions, and a World Language National Honor Society.

Administration
The school's principal since June 2021 has been Edward Lazzara. His core administration team includes the two assistant principals.

Notable alumni

 * Greg Baty (born 1964), former NFL player.
 * Mike Budnik (born 1974), former professional inline skater and professional mixed martial arts fighter.
 * Frank Dolce (born 1996, class of 2014), actor who appeared on television on Sons of Tucson and on Broadway in Billy Elliot the Musical
 * Mike Inganamort (born 1984), politician who represents the 24th legislative district in the New Jersey General Assembly since January 2024
 * Chris Jent (born 1970), basketball coach and former NBA player.
 * Dan Miller (born 1981), mixed martial arts fighter and Cage Fury Fighting Championships Middleweight Champion.
 * Jim Miller (born 1983), mixed martial arts fighter and Cage Fury Fighting Championships Lightweight Champion.
 * Kevin Rogers (born 1951, class of 1969), American football coach and former player.

title: Sparta High School (New Jersey)


text:
Nu Aurigae

Nu Aurigae, Latinised from ν Aurigae, is the Bayer designation for a star in the northern constellation of Auriga. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 3.96 and is approximately 200 ly distant from the Earth. This is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of G9.5 III. It is a red clump star, which indicates that it is generating energy through the fusion of helium at its core. The outer envelope has expanded to 18 times the radius of the Sun and cooled to $17.85$, giving it the characteristic yellow-hued glow of a G-type star. It shines with 126 times the luminosity of the Sun.

This is an astrometric binary with a suspected white dwarf companion. A 10th-magnitude star 54.6 arcseconds away is an optical companion.

title: Nu Aurigae


text:
Georg von Kunheim

Georg von Kunheim (July 1532 – 18 October 1611), born in the Prussian city of Wehlau (modern Znamensk) and died in Mühlhausen (modern Gvardeyskoye), married Margaretha Luther, youngest daughter and child of Martin Luther on August 5, 1555.

After Margaretha's death in 1570, George von Kunheim married Dorothea von Oelsnitz (1558 - February 2, 1602).

title: Georg von Kunheim


text:
Talk:Super Sunday

I've removed the reference to thr U.S. presidential primaries. Primary elections in the U.S. take place on Tuesdays, just like the general election. The correct term is "Super Tuesday." --oknazevad 22:31, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Super Sunday


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hellogoodbye

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Rob Church Talk 00:03, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Hellogoodbye
I don't believe this quite meets WP:MUSIC. Joyous (talk) 22:31, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per nom. NN. KillerChihuahua 00:07, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * They have been on major media so they stay :)-allen
 * Unsubstantiated comment by anonymous user. Rob Church Talk 00:03, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pleasantblue

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Rob Church Talk 00:29, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Pleasantblue
Pleasantblue is an arty website with no followers. Pilatus 22:31, 12 October 2005 (UTC) appeal: pleasantblue doesnt seek followers: it's supposed to be silly by definition. it hardly seems any one else will have a definition for 'pleasantblue', so its not possible for it to confuse anyone by leaving silly information about it. pleasantblue is built on 'koans' which are paradoxical and silly. pleasantblue is not kipple, and has nothing to do with software. it IS however, just silly. [Oct 14 2005 8:31am PST MG]
 * Delete This entry is just silly.Harvestdancer 22:52, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete website cruft. KillerChihuahua 00:09, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * pleasantblue is about to be deleted. -- Captain Disdain 00:18, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It is certainly true that the article is perfectly harmless. However, it is also perfectly useless. Wikipedia is not a place for perfectly useless articles about unencyclopedic topics in general, and silly ones in particular. -- ���Captain Disdain 15:53, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * fair enough: i'm truly not attempting to take up space on the server with uselessness, but am trying to define a concept, that is an active process, albeit silly. i do understand why it's seen as useless, and have no intent to move beyond the scope of what wikipedia is, but feel a few 'wild cards' in the mix is fairly representative of the dynamic nature of the internet and human culture in itself. (part of what pleasantblue is about). thank you for your input. i remain pleadful, for 'non-deletion consideration'. [Oct 14 2005 - MG]
 * Sure. I don't disagree at all; it certainly is fairly representative of the dynamic nature of the internet and human culture in itself. But Wikipedia is not really here to showcase either. It's a project to build an encyclopedia. I have nothing but respect for projects like yours, silly or not, but Wikipedia isn't designed to include things like this. It just isn't a place for experiments, soapboxes, artistic statements and whatnot. (That said, a new and separate Wiki project could certainly be created to accommodate things like pleasantblue -- might be something for you to look into, if you're interested.) -- �Captain Disdain 20:35, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The problem is that if we accept one article like this, we can't really say "no" to anyone else who want to use wikipedia as a medium of expression rather than an compendium of existing knowledge. Kappa 23:45, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Words are concepts and are defined by whom? And what of 'nonce words' such as 'sniglet'. These truly warrant entries in an encyclopedia and are 'existing knowledge', as does pleasantblue.

It is a matter of values
The page for pleasantblue seems in outward appearance to be divergent to the conventions of Wikipedia. And yet if such as pleasantblue did not make appearance in Wikipedia then the world of "acceptable human knowledge" would be impoverished to the extent of accepting only the commonly acceptable. In my own view, this would be a tragic mistake. Inspiration comes in many forms from the most humble to the most impressive. Most always, it is silly. Nonetheless, the creative process should never ever be disregarded or otherwise ignored without timely consideration of what may be involved. I also think that a Wiki project closely associated with Wikipedia to accommodate such inventive thinking as pleasantblue would be appropriate. stardance 21:15, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "In outward appearance," my ass. And it's not being discarded or ignored. It's not like it's being wiped from the sphere of human knowledge, just because it doesn't merit an article on Wikipedia. -- Captain Disdain 22:25, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, it was a hastily thought out comment. Thankyou for confirming my own afterthoughts. I see that MG has conceded however I am still interested in a Wiki project associated with Wikipedia that covers the huge area of human endeavour that is not classed as being within existing knowledge, and yet is essential or otherwise useful to the progress of human civilisation. I have no idea how to select such items. An interesting question in itself. My respects. stardance 16:30, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

conceded: your argument is clear and founded. i especially understand the concern with 'setting precedence', it shan't be pressed further. however, the "compendium of existing knowledge" - sits a little rough. there are many things i wouldn't have known existed, until i was made aware of them, often by looking them up in an encyclopedia, after having 'heard of them'.

a taste of revolutionary art shaking up dominant wiki paradigm gets my vote. knowledge can become sterile and meaningless without reference to the unknowable. a touch of randomness and aesthetic 'nonsense' is in the tradition of the playful seriousness of the 1913 armory show, the insurrectionary sarcasms of the modernists. yes, it is an unusual entry, but i would venture, that given opportunity, the page could grow and become more relevant and meaningful. i agree that leaving the page opens the door to other unusual entries. i'd like to see if the definition evolves before it's deleted. - 'mabel dodge'

 * and tenderness

I think it was around the 15th century in Italy that artists originally started signing their names to their works. (I havent come to a firm reference for this yet.) Observing the consequent train of celebrity and acclaim, perhaps it would have been better if it were otherwise. For joy. Just silly painstaking wonderful joy.

communion: If whales, sharks and suchlike communicate over huge distances within a conductive medium, one might well assume they live within a state of continuous togetherness. When looking at the planet Earth, what really is the difference between water and air in terms of conductivity? And what songs do humankind sing? Instinctively.
 * Not that I don't enjoy a good dose of horseshit every once in a while, but howzabout we concentrate on the matter at hand instead of pretending that we're discussing a profound matter that has tremendous consequences on every level of the human experience? Yo, admin types -- since even the original author of the piece agrees that the article should go, could we just speedy this damn thing and move on to more important things? -- �Captain Disdain 02:49, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. tregoweth  03:43, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, and since when was the Armory Show playful? It was intended to be scandalous, and it was.  Chick Bowen 19:58, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

A possible context

 * Three billion new capitalists. Just think. Drinking water, anyone?

A confusion of locations
i suppose it really comes down to "does pleasantblue exist"? it seems to. -'mabel dodge'
 * No, it doesn't come down to that. -- Captain Disdain 10:31, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * if this discussion isn't about whether pleasantblue exists or not, whether or not it warrants an entry in an encyclopedia or "compendium of existing knowledge", then it seems that such a compendium doesn't exist for it to be entered into. (oct 15 '05) (-reworded)
 * perhaps this is because pleasantblue appears to follow the laws of infernal dynamics
 * dont forget the tenderness...

A mess of scenarios

 * 1) A bevy of small strangers made entrance through the city gate, knocking first on the door of a modern and most public pavilion with a modicum of trepidation and some more innocent (some might say naive) playfulness. They were received by the inhabitants with generous consideration; dignified yet subtle assistance; and patient observance of their confusion at finding themselves within such an place of middling-high esteem. All in all, it was a respectful yet pleasant meeting and looks likely to further enable the search for chocolate. Oh, yes, and toes. stardance waves gracefully...
 * 2) The people were no longer satisfied with "A is for apple". There was a newly formed Institution for the Conservation of Z. Something had made simple words heavy with implicit meaning, as if carved in stone. Standardised spelling was remembered as if it were a quaint aberration within history. Even slight typographic mistakes took on a freshness and vitality that was hereto unrealised. It was the time of reseeding.

The Tao of Replication
I say keep it. Or delete it now and wind up admitting it later, to your chagrin. After all, at what point does a meme become "successful"? How many people need to have formed a part of a movement before it can be said to exist? What's in a name? A rose by any other name? Taoism? Dada? What? Zen? What what?? Paradox? How can this be? What? How can What be? What? What is nothing? Nothing's gotta be something to be in here. I say delete all the entries in the Wikiverse because any attempt to describe Reality must ultimately fail. The map is not the territory, the word is not the thing. God, Brahma, Truth? What? Lies! What are we talking about? -BGood- (P.S. - Why are there entries for Unicorns?)
 * I was almost entirely liquid, wholly holey and yet still immersed in a few of life's confusions? I slept a little and before waking heard a male voice saying almost as a question, though slightly more as an gentle exclamation, "Back-existing!?!" Though slightly surprised (really not being one for dreams or unseen voices), now I am still, quiet, and thinking around and about What it may be spoken..."Back existing!?!" stardance 19:57, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Georg von Kunheim

More, please
We require more information on this person to be added subsequently. drboisclair 22:31, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Questionable content
The linage of the desendants in this article i questionable. A quick browse at internet shows several different suggestions. An article with discussons can be found at http://www.genealogia.fi/genos/17/17_25.htm. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.217.122.178 (talk) 20:10, 2 January 2012 (UTC)

I removed the following information that is without any source:

''The remaining direct lineal descendants of Martin Luther are descended through Margaretha and George von Kunheim: --Hermannh (talk) 19:47, 15 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Anna (1565- ? ), married Wolfert Cristoffer von Gauchen and had issue:
 * Dorothea von Gauchen, married Gervert Bugenhagen (died 1636) and had issue:
 * Anna Margareta Bugenhagen (died 1692), married Joakim Wittfoot (1620 - 2 September 1677 ) and had issue:
 * Gustaf Wittfoot (born 1656?)
 * Adolf Johannes Wittfoot (1660 - 1708), married Anna Katarina Torloff (died 8 February 1734) and had issue:
 * Carl Gustav Wittfoot (1701 - 1736), married Katarina Fridalin (28 August 1691) - 13 June 1762)and had issue:
 * Maria Charlotta Wittfoot (born 1734), married Jonas Nils Westbeck (27 March 1728 - 24 November 1809) and had six children.
 * Gevert Wittfoot (born 1664)''

Year of birth
Due to the de wikipedia he was born in 1532, see also the entries in VIAF. -- Jesi (talk) 13:50, 15 December 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Georg von Kunheim


text:
Orford Park

Orford Park is a municipal park in the town of Warrington, Cheshire, England.

Orford Hall and surrounding lands were donated to Warrington Council in December 1916. The hall was demolished in 1935 but its grounds remain as Orford Park, a green lung in an area near the town centre. There are plans for major sport and community development in the park, which is currently the site of two tennis courts and a bowling green.

In 2009, a £30m redevelopment project for the park was approved by Warrington Borough Council. Work began in May of that year and concluded three years later in May 2012. The project saw the Orford Jubilee Neighbourhood Hub built on the western end of Orford Park, which was opened by Elizabeth II as part of her Diamond Jubilee celebrations. A Decathlon sports store was built on the land directly adjacent to Winwick Road. New paved paths were installed to create a route for pedestrians and cycles between Winwick Road, Hallfields Road and School Road. A pond was added at the northern edge of the park. The original main area in the southeast of the park was updated; it now boasts a skate park, children's playground, bowling green, ball court and football pitches.

The park is home to a number of British birds, mammals, amphibians, fish and invertebrates, along with occasional visiting reptiles. Some common species include mallards, black-headed gulls, water voles, common frogs and common gulls.

William Beamont, a local historian and the first Mayor of Warrington lived in Orford Hall for some 23 years, until his death in 1889.

title: Orford Park


text:
Sofia University (California)

Sofia University is a private for-profit university with two campuses in California, one in Costa Mesa and the other in Palo Alto. It was originally founded as the California Institute of Transpersonal Psychology by Robert Frager and James Fadiman in 1975.

California Institute of Transpersonal Psychology (1975–1986)
The institution was originally known as the California Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, one of several transpersonally-oriented institutions formed in the 1970s. The founders, Robert Frager and James Fadiman, wanted to offer the perspectives of transpersonal psychology alongside personal, therapeutic and spiritual disciplines, all within a community context.

In 1980, Jungian analyst June Singer became the director of the clinical training program. By the mid 1980s, the school was located in Menlo Park and offered a master's degree and doctoral degree in transpersonal psychology.

Institute of Transpersonal Psychology (1986–2012)
In 1986, the institution was renamed the Institute of Transpersonal Psychology.

By 1989, the institute had grown to offer a range of residential masters and doctoral programs, as well as external masters and certificate programs. It also oversaw the activities of a Transpersonal Counseling Center and hosted the Spiritual Emergence Network.

In 1992, the institute was granted candidacy by WASC. During the same year, William G. Braud and Rosemarie Anderson joined the core faculty at the institution. Braud later served as research director at the institute, as well as co-director of the institute's William James Center for Consciousness Studies.

In 1997, the institute was given initial accreditation by WASC. In 1998, Braud and Anderson released the book Transpersonal Research Methods for the Social Sciences: Honoring Human Experience, which sought to establish the field of transpersonal (or transformative) research methods.

In 2002, it was reported that 410 students were enrolled in the fall semester at the institute, which included students enrolled in the institute's online program. At this time, the institute offered programs in psychology and counseling, with an emphasis on both traditional and non-traditional psychological and spiritual models of instruction. Other certificate programs were also gradually established, such as the certificate in Spiritual Direction. The WASC accreditation was reaffirmed in 2007 and in 2011 Neal King was appointed president of the institute.

Other academic profiles that were connected to the institute include Kari Hennigan, who conducted studies in ecopsychology, and Fred Luskin, who was professor of clinical psychology.

Sofia University (2012–present)
In 2012, the institution was officially renamed Sofia University and transitioned from an institute to a university, offering both undergraduate and graduate programs. Academic programs were structured according to three main orientations:

 * the Graduate School of Transpersonal Studies
 * the Graduate School of Clinical & Spiritual Psychology
 * the School of Undergraduate Studies.

By this time, the institution was associated with the concept of spiritual psychology in the mainstream press.

In 2013, the school had 526 full-time-equivalent students. Liz Li was appointed president in 2014, and became the first female president of the institution. Her successor was Barry Ryan.

As of 2015, the university was reaccredited for an additional seven years by the WASC Senior College and University Commission. Peter Bemski became president in January 2018.

Academics
The university consists of three schools: the Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, the Institute of Applied and Professional Programs, and Global College . The school has expanded to include studies in:

 * Computer science, including artificial intelligence, human computer interaction, big data and software design.
 * Business leadership and management, and offers three degree programs in the Chinese Language (MBA, MATP, Ph.D.) applying transpersonal principles to the functional areas of business.

title: Sofia University (California)


text:
User:Syrthiss/remote sensing draft

Remote Sensing is the measurement or acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon by a recording device that is not in physical or intimate contact with the object. As early as 1858 technology had advanced enough to allow aerial photography from balloons, permitting top-down views of areas for various artistic, civic, and military applications.

= History =

One of the first historical instances of remote sensing were photographs of the landscape taken from hot air balloons by Félix Tournachon in 1858. He is recorded to have photographed a french village from a height of 80m, and took the first successful aerial photograph of Paris in 1868.

= Methods =

It is the utilization at a distance (as from aircraft, spacecraft, satellite, or ship) of any device for gathering information about the environment. The technique can make use of devices such as a camera, laser, radar, sonar, seismograph or a gravimeter. Modern remote sensing normally includes digital processes but can as well be done with non-digital methods.

This kind of data collection normally makes use of the emitted or reflected electromagnetic radiation of the examined object in a certain frequency domain (infrared, visible light, microwaves). This is possible due to the fact that the examined objects (plants, houses, water surfaces, air masses ...) reflect or emit radiation in different wavelengths and in different intensity according to their current condition. Some remote sensing systems use sound waves in a similar way, and others measure variations in gravitational or magnetic fields.

Remote sensing generally has several basic problems: scaling, alignment, resolution, interpretation and archiving.

In order to generate maps, most remote sensing systems expect to convert a photograph or other data item to a distance on the ground. This almost always depends on the precision of the instrument. For example, distortion in an aerial photographic lens or the platen against which the film is pressed can cause severe errors when photographs are used to measure ground distances.

In order to coordinate a series of observations, most sensing systems need to know where they are, what time it is, and the rotation and orinetation of the instrument. High-end instruments now often use positional information from satellite navigation systems. The rotation and orientation is often provided within a degree or two with electronic compasses. Compasses can measure not just azimuth (i.e. degrees to magnetic north), but also altitude (degrees above the horizon), since the magnetic field curves into the Earth at different angles at different latitudes. More exact orientations require gyroscopic pointing information, periodically realigned in some fashion, perhaps from a star or the limb of the Earth.

The resolution determines how many pixels are available in measurement, but more importantly, higher resolutions are more informative, giving more data about more points. However, more resolution occasionally yields less data. For example, in thematic mapping to study plant health, imaging individual leaves of plants is actually counterproductive. Also, large amounts of high resolution data can clog a storage or transmission system with useless data, when a few low resolution images might be a better use of the system.

Interpretation is the critical process of making sense of the data. Traditionally, this was a human being, perhaps with a few meaurment tools and a light table. In modern systems that produce digital data, often the tool is a family of computer programs that interpret the data to form maps, or statistical analyses.

Old data from remote sensing is often unreasonably valuable because it may provide the only long-term data for a large extent of geography. At the same time, the data is often complex to interpret, and bulky to store. Modern systems tend to store the data digitally, often with lossless compression. The difficulty with this approach is that the data is fragile, the format may be archaic, and the data may be easy to falsify. One of the best systems for archiving data series is as computer-generated machine-readeable ultrafiche, usually in typefonts such as OCR-B, or as digitized half-tone images. Ultrafiches survive well in standard libraries, with lifetimes of several centuries. They can be created, copied, filed and retrieved by automated systems. They are about as compact as archival magnetic media, and yet can be read by human beings with minimal, standardized equipment.

While all astronomy could be considered remote sensing (in fact, extremely remote sensing) the term "remote sensing" is normally only applied to terrestrial observations.

Examples of remote sensing are very numerous. For example:
 * Stereographic pairs of aerial photographs have often been used to make Topographic maps.  Trained personnel would then trace the shape of the land onto maps. Satellite imagery has also been used.
 * Thematic mappers take images in multiple wavelengths of electro-magnetic radiation (multi-spectral) and are usually found on earth observation satellites, including (for example) the Landsat program or the IKONOS satellite. Maps of land cover and land use from thematic mapping can be used to prospect for minerals, measure land usage, and examine the health of plants, including entire farming regions or forests.
 * seismograms taken at different locations can locate and measure Earthquakes (after the fact) by comparing the relative intensity and precise timing.
 * synthetic aperture radar can produce precise Digital elevation models (another form of Topographic map). This is an interferometric process in which an aircraft, spacecraft, or satellite passes over the target area while emitting a series of radar pulses.  Combining the data from these pulses yields a detailed map containing information about ground cover and possibly elevation or movement on a scale of centimeters.  The data usually covers a swath many kilometers wide.
 * Altimeters using Radar on satellites have provided a wide range of data. By measuring the bulges of water caused by gravity, they map features on the seafloor to a resolution of a mile or so.  By measuring the height and wave-length of ocean waves, the altimeters measure wind speeds and direction, and surface ocean currents and directions.

=See also=
 * GIS
 * Aerial photography

=External links=
 * Space Applications for Development
 * International Archive for stereo views
 * RemoteSensing.org
 * RemoteSensingOnLine
 * General Aerial Photograph Information (U.S. Geological Survey)

= Notes =

 * 1) History of Remote Sensing @ NASA
 * 2) National Gallery of Art Biography of Tournachon
 * 3) History of Aerial Photography

Category:Computer vision Category:Earth sciences Category:Social sciences

Dálkový průzkum Země Fernerkundung Télédétection Telerilevamento リモートセンシング Viễn thám

title: User:Syrthiss/remote sensing draft


text:
Gymnasium Gars

The Gymnasium Gars is a Gymnasium (high school) in Gars am Inn, Bavaria. Situated on the river Inn in the Gars valley, it was founded as a school of Latin by Augustinians before 1582 AD. It became a state school in 1972. It grew quickly and had about 1000 students and 70 teachers in 2006. Today, a part of the school is still found inside the local Redemptorist monastery, but there were extensions in the 1980s and 1990s.

title: Gymnasium Gars


text:
User talk:Richard Daly

100 Years test
Hi, the 100 years test is found at WP:BIO. As an official guideline, I am completely opposed to it. As an unofficial, personal rule of thumb (which it seems to be), it is...I don't know. I'd rather not use it or see it used. Cheers, Black Falcon 07:11, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

Adoption Request
Hi there, I'm Tellyaddict and I'm an experienced editor on Wikipedia and I noticed you are seeking to be adopted. I would be happy to adopt you and help you on your way to becoming an experienced editor, I can help you in a range of areas and learning about wikipedia, here is just a small selection:
 * User Warnings if they have vandalised or other types of unconstructive edits
 * Learning the policies and guidelines
 * Generally having a good time on wikipedia and being involved in may diferent areas, possibly ranging from general editing to participating in Articles for deletion debates.
 * And many many more!

Anyway please leave a message on my talk page and tell me whether you would like adoption by me or not. I hope you are enjoying being a wikipedian and I hope you will become my adoptee. Kindest regards -  Telly addict  12:38, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

Adoption
if you're interested check out my user page and talk page to see if you want to be adopted by me. Sam ov the blue sand 23:52, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

Adoption template
Hi. I notice that you haven't edited in a couple of months, so I've removed the adoption request template from your user page. If you should decide that you wish to be adopted in the future, please add to your user page. Thanks. --Sopoforic 07:55, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Richard Daly


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Luke Field

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was merge into Pearl Harbor. Rob Church Talk 00:19, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Luke Field
Not notable building even if its naval and in Pearl Harbor.
 * Merge into somewhere where this will be more useful - like the main Pearl Harbor article. It deserves to be kept somewhere, but it's a little bit too nn for an article of its own. Grutness...  wha?  00:54, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge per Grutness. It is too small to keep on its own when it can be placed elsewhere. Sonic Mew | talk to me 16:12, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Building automation

Building automation (BAS), also known as building management system (BMS) or building energy management system (BEMS), is the automatic centralized control of a building's HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), electrical, lighting, shading, access control, security systems, and other interrelated systems. Some objectives of building automation are improved occupant comfort, efficient operation of building systems, reduction in energy consumption, reduced operating and maintaining costs and increased security.

BAS functionality may keep a buildings climate within a specified range, provide light to rooms based on occupancy, monitor performance and device failures, and provide malfunction alarms to building maintenance staff. A BAS works to reduce building energy and maintenance costs compared to a non-controlled building. Most commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings built after 2000 include a BAS, whilst older buildings may be retrofitted with a new BAS.

A building controlled by a BAS is often referred to as an intelligent building, a "smart building", or (if a residence) a "smart home". Commercial and industrial buildings have historically relied on robust proven protocols (like BACnet) while proprietary protocols (like X-10) were used in homes.

With the advent of wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things, an increasing number of smart buildings are resorting to using low-power wireless communication technologies such as	 Zigbee, Bluetooth Low Energy and LoRa to interconnect the local sensors, actuators and processing devices.

Almost all multi-story green buildings are designed to accommodate a BAS for the energy, air and water conservation characteristics. Electrical device demand response is a typical function of a BAS, as is the more sophisticated ventilation and humidity monitoring required of "tight" insulated buildings. Most green buildings also use as many low-power DC devices as possible. Even a passivhaus design intended to consume no net energy whatsoever will typically require a BAS to manage heat capture, shading and venting, and scheduling device use.

Characteristics
Building management systems are most commonly implemented in large projects with extensive mechanical, HVAC, and electrical systems. Systems linked to a BMS typically represent 40% of a building's energy usage; if lighting is included, this number approaches to 70%. BMS systems are a critical component to managing energy demand. Improperly configured BMS systems are believed to account for 20% of building energy usage, or approximately 8% of total energy usage in the United States.

In addition to controlling the building's internal environment, BMS systems are sometimes linked to access control (turnstiles and access doors controlling who is allowed access and egress to the building) or other security systems such as closed-circuit television (CCTV) and motion detectors. Fire alarm systems and elevators are also sometimes linked to a BMS for monitoring. In case a fire is detected then only the fire alarm panel could close dampers in the ventilation system to stop smoke spreading, shut down air handlers, start smoke evacuation fans, and send all the elevators to the ground floor and park them to prevent people from using them.

Building management systems have also included disaster-response mechanisms (such as base isolation) to save structures from earthquakes. In more recent times, companies and governments have been working to find similar solutions for flood zones and coastal areas at-risk to rising sea levels. Self-adjusting floating environment draws from existing technologies used to float concrete bridges and runways such as Washington's SR 520 and Japan's Mega-Float.

Sensors
Analog inputs are used to read a variable measurement. Examples are temperature, humidity and pressure sensors which could be thermistor, 4–20 mA, 0–10 volt or platinum resistance thermometer (resistance temperature detector), or wireless sensors.

A digital input indicates a device is on or off. Some examples of digital inputs would be a door contact switch, a current switch, an air flow switch, or a voltage-free relay contact (dry contact). Digital inputs could also be pulse inputs counting the pulses over a period of time. An example is a turbine flow meter transmitting flow data as a frequency of pulses to an input.

Nonintrusive load monitoring is software relying on digital sensors and algorithms to discover appliance or other loads from electrical or magnetic characteristics of the circuit. It is however detecting the event by an analog means. These are extremely cost-effective in operation and useful not only for identification but to detect start-up transients, line or equipment faults, etc.

Controls
Analog outputs control the speed or position of a device, such as a variable frequency drive, an I-P (current to pneumatics) transducer, or a valve or damper actuator. An example is a hot water valve opening up 25% to maintain a setpoint. Another example is a variable frequency drive ramping up a motor slowly to avoid a hard start.

Digital outputs are used to open and close relays and switches as well as drive a load upon command. An example would be to turn on the parking lot lights when a photocell indicates it is dark outside. Another example would be to open a valve by allowing 24VDC/AC to pass through the output powering the valve. Analog outputs could also be pulse type outputs emitting a frequency of pulses over a given period of time. An example is an energy meter calculating kWh and emitting a frequency of pulses accordingly.

Controller
Controllers are essentially small, purpose-built computers with input and output capabilities. These controllers come in a range of sizes and capabilities to control devices commonly found in buildings, and to control sub-networks of controllers.

Inputs allow a controller to read temperature, humidity, pressure, current flow, air flow, and other essential factors. The outputs allow the controller to send command and control signals to slave devices, and to other parts of the system. Inputs and outputs can be either digital or analog. Digital outputs are also sometimes called discrete depending on manufacturer.

Controllers used for building automation can be grouped in three categories: programmable logic controllers (PLCs), system/network controllers, and terminal unit controllers. However an additional device can also exist in order to integrate third-party systems (e.g. a stand-alone AC system) into a central building automation system.

Terminal unit controllers usually are suited for control of lighting and/or simpler devices such as a package rooftop unit, heat pump, VAV box, fan coil, etc. The installer typically selects one of the available pre-programmed personalities best suited to the device to be controlled, and does not have to create new control logic.

Occupancy
Occupancy is one of two or more operating modes for a building automation system; Unoccupied, Morning Warmup, and Night-time Setback are other common modes.

Occupancy is usually based on time of day schedules. In Occupancy mode, the BAS aims to provides a comfortable climate and adequate lighting, often with zone-based control so that users on one side of a building have a different thermostat (or a different system, or sub system) than users on the opposite side.

A temperature sensor in the zone provides feedback to the controller, so it can deliver heating or cooling as needed.

If enabled, morning warmup (MWU) mode occurs prior to occupancy. During Morning Warmup the BAS tries to bring the building to setpoint just in time for Occupancy. The BAS often factors in outdoor conditions and historical experience to optimize MWU. This is also referred to as optimized start.

Some buildings rely on occupancy sensors to activate lighting or climate conditioning. Given the potential for long lead times before a space becomes sufficiently cool or warm, climate conditioning is not often initiated directly by an occupancy sensor.

Lighting
Lighting can be turned on, off, or dimmed with a building automation or lighting control system based on time of day, or on occupancy sensor, photosensors and timers. One typical example is to turn the lights in a space on for a half-hour since the last motion was sensed. A photocell placed outside a building can sense darkness, and the time of day, and modulate lights in outer offices and the parking lot.

Lighting is also a good candidate for demand response, with many control systems providing the ability to dim (or turn off) lights to take advantage of DR incentives and savings.

In newer buildings, the lighting control can be based on the field bus Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI). Lamps with DALI ballasts are fully dimmable. DALI can also detect lamp and ballast failures on DALI luminaires and signals failures.

Shading and glazing
Shading and glazing are essential components in the building system, they affect occupants’ visual, acoustical, and thermal comfort and provide the occupant with a view outdoor. Automated shading and glazing systems are solutions for controlling solar heat gains and glare. It refers to the use of technology to control external or internal shading devices (such as blinds, and shades) or glazing itself. The system has an active and rapid response to various changing outdoor data (such as solar, wind) and to changing interior environment (such as temperature, illuminance, and occupant demands). Building shading and glazing systems can contribute to thermal and lighting improvement from both energy conservation and comfort point of view.

Dynamic shading
Dynamic shading devices allow the control of daylight and solar energy to enter into built environment in relation to outdoor conditions, daylighting demands and solar positions. The common products include venetian blinds, roller shades, louvers, and shutters. They are mostly installed on the interior side of the glazing system because of the low maintenance cost, but also can be used on the exterior or a combination of both.

Air Handlers
Most air handlers mix return and outside air so less temperature/humidity conditioning is needed. This can save money by using less chilled or heated water (not all AHUs use chilled or hot water circuits). Some external air is needed to keep the building's air healthy. To optimize energy efficiency while maintaining healthy indoor air quality (IAQ), demand control (or controlled) ventilation (DCV) adjusts the amount of outside air based on measured levels of occupancy.

Analog or digital temperature sensors may be placed in the space or room, the return and supply air ducts, and sometimes the external air. Actuators are placed on the hot and chilled water valves, the outside air and return air dampers. The supply fan (and return if applicable) is started and stopped based on either time of day, temperatures, building pressures or a combination.

Alarms and Security
All modern building automation systems have alarm capabilities. It does little good to detect a potentially hazardous or costly situation if no one who can solve the problem is notified. Notification can be through a computer (email or text message), pager, cellular phone voice call, audible alarm, or all of these. For insurance and liability purposes all systems keep logs of who was notified, when and how.

Alarms may immediately notify someone or only notify when alarms build to some threshold of seriousness or urgency. At sites with several buildings, momentary power failures can cause hundreds or thousands of alarms from equipment that has shut down – these should be suppressed and recognized as symptoms of a larger failure. Some sites are programmed so that critical alarms are automatically re-sent at varying intervals. For example, a repeating critical alarm (of an uninterruptible power supply in 'bypass') might resound at 10 minutes, 30 minutes, and every 2 to 4 hours thereafter until the alarms are resolved.

Security systems can be interlocked to a building automation system. If occupancy sensors are present, they can also be used as burglar alarms. Because security systems are often deliberately sabotaged, at least some detectors or cameras should have battery backup and wireless connectivity and the ability to trigger alarms when disconnected. Modern systems typically use power-over-Ethernet (which can operate a pan-tilt-zoom camera and other devices up to 30–90 watts) which is capable of charging such batteries and keeps wireless networks free for genuinely wireless applications, such as backup communication in outage.

Fire alarm panels and their related smoke alarm systems are usually hard-wired to override building automation. For example: if the smoke alarm is activated, all the outside air dampers close to prevent air coming into the building, and an exhaust system can isolate the blaze. Similarly, electrical fault detection systems can turn entire circuits off, regardless of the number of alarms this triggers or persons this distresses. Fossil fuel combustion devices also tend to have their own over-rides, such as natural gas feed lines that turn off when slow pressure drops are detected (indicating a leak), or when excess methane is detected in the building's air supply.

Buses and protocols
Most building automation networks consist of a primary and secondary bus which connect high-level controllers (generally specialized for building automation, but may be generic programmable logic controllers) with lower-level controllers, input/output devices and a user interface (also known as a human interface device). ASHRAE's open protocol BACnet or the open protocol LonTalk specify how most such devices interoperate. Modern systems use SNMP to track events, building on decades of history with SNMP-based protocols in the computer networking world.

Physical connectivity between devices was historically provided by dedicated optical fiber, ethernet, ARCNET, RS-232, RS-485 or a low-bandwidth special purpose wireless network. Modern systems rely on standards-based multi-protocol heterogeneous networking such as that specified in the IEEE 1905.1 standard and verified by the nVoy auditing mark. These accommodate typically only IP-based networking but can make use of any existing wiring, and also integrate powerline networking over AC circuits, power over Ethernet low-power DC circuits, high-bandwidth wireless networks such as LTE and IEEE 802.11n and IEEE 802.11ac and often integrate these using the building-specific wireless mesh open standard Zigbee.

Proprietary hardware dominates the controller market. Each company has controllers for specific applications. Some are designed with limited controls and no interoperability, such as simple packaged roof top units for HVAC. Software will typically not integrate well with packages from other vendors. Cooperation is at the Zigbee/BACnet/LonTalk level only.

Current systems provide interoperability at the application level, allowing users to mix-and-match devices from different manufacturers, and to provide integration with other compatible building control systems. These typically rely on SNMP, long used for this same purpose to integrate diverse computer networking devices into one coherent network.

Protocols and industry standards

 * 1-Wire
 * BACnet
 * Bluetooth
 * DALI
 * Dynet
 * EnOcean
 * KNX
 * LonTalk
 * OPC
 * OpenTherm
 * OpenWebNet
 * VSCP
 * Zigbee
 * Z-Wave

Security Concerns
With the growing spectrum of capabilities and connections to the Internet of Things, building automation systems were repeatedly reported to be vulnerable, allowing hackers and cybercriminals to attack their components. Buildings can be exploited by hackers to measure or change their environment: sensors allow surveillance (e.g. monitoring movements of employees or habits of inhabitants) while actuators allow to perform actions in buildings (e.g. opening doors or windows for intruders). Several vendors and committees started to improve the security features in their products and standards, including KNX, Zigbee and BACnet (see recent standards or standard drafts). However, researchers report several open problems in building automation security.

On November 11, 2019, a 132-page security research paper was released titled "I Own Your Building (Management System)" by Gjoko Krstic and Sipke Mellema that addressed more than 100 vulnerabilities affecting various BMS and access control solutions by various vendors.

Room automation
Room automation is a subset of building automation and with a similar purpose; it is the consolidation of one or more systems under centralized control, though in this case in one room.

The most common example of room automation is corporate boardroom, presentation suites, and lecture halls, where the operation of the large number of devices that define the room function (such as videoconferencing equipment, video projectors, lighting control systems, public address systems etc.) would make manual operation of the room very complex. It is common for room automation systems to employ a touchscreen as the primary way of controlling each operation.

title: Building automation


text:
Terminal access controller

A terminal access controller (TAC) is a host computer that accepts terminal connections, usually from dial-up lines, and that allows the user to invoke Internet remote log-on procedures, such as Telnet.

title: Terminal access controller


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Eligible Bachelors

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 07:01, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

The_Eligible_Bachelors
Absolutely no responses to this whatsoever, so I'm relisting here to try to get at least one opinion. Rob Church Talk 00:56, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Vanity page of non-notable band Harvestdancer 22:34, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. No evidence of complying with WP:music. Capitalistroadster 01:03, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per Capitalistroadster. Another non-notable band... --W.marsh 01:13, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable band, no AMG entry, web site has no Alexa rank. Andrew pmk | Talk 01:16, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete; NN, no WP:MUSIC criteria met. Sneak-attack hoedown, indeed. - Sensor 01:56, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Per Andrew. -- WB 03:43, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Evilphoenix/Potter

Vandalizing IP's on Harry Potter pages:

66.176.74.149 24.168.10.87 67.168.14.143 152.163.100.72
 * 68.193.158.137
 * Optimum Online (Cablevision Systems) NETBLK-OOL-5BLK (NET-68-192-0-0-1)
 *
 * NetRange:68.192.0.0 - 68.199.255.255
 * Optimum Online (Cablevision Systems) OOL-65PRNYNJ4-0821 (NET-68-193-144-0-1)
 *
 * 68.193.144.0 - 68.193.159.255
 * 68.193.158.137, again
 * 68.197.139.206
 * NETBLK-OOL-5BLK, as above
 * 66.176.74.149
 * NET-66-176-0-0-1
 * 66.176.0.0 - 66.177.255.255
 *
 * NET-66-176-0-0-2
 * 66.176.0.0 - 66.176.255.255
 *
 * Comcast, basically
 * blanked
 * blanked
 * text

title: User:Evilphoenix/Potter