text:
User talk:Dajudem/draft

Jenin's refugee camp was the site of one of the most controversial battles of Operation Defensive Shield (April 2002). The Jenin refugee camp came under full Palestinian civil and security control in 1995. The battle itself drew enormous international attention at the time, especially as Israel sealed off the area to journalists and many media sources reported that a massacre of Palestinians had taken place during the fighting. Allegations about hundreds of deaths were later proven false and the actual number of Palestinians killed was estimated by a United Nations report to be 52 (of whom 22 were non-combatants) and 23 Israeli soldiers. A section of the camp was destroyed during the fighting.

Precursors to the battle of Jenin
From the beginning of March until the first week in May 2002, Israel had endured approximately 16 bombings, mostly suicide attacks. More than 100 persons had been killed and scores wounded. 18 Israelis were killed in two separate Palestinian attacks on March 8 and 9, and a terrorist attack in Netanya killed 28 and injured 140 on March 29. Of some 100 terrorists who carried out suicide bombings since October 2000, 23 were from Jenin. According to Time Magazine, that number was at least 28 since September 2000.

The UN Report later comments: According to both Palestinian and Israeli observers, the Jenin camp had, by April 2002, some 200 armed men from the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, Tanzim, Palestinian Islamic Jihad and Hamas who operated from the camp.

When Jenin came under Palestinian Authority control in 1995 per the Oslo agreement, it was under an agreement to protect Israeli civilians from attacks, including suicide bombings, emanating from areas under its security control. The UN report on Jenin states:  Acts of terror that take life violate the right to life set forth in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

The battle
An UNRWA administrated refugee camp near Jenin was entered by Israeli forces in early April 2002, as part of Israel's "Operation Defensive Shield," an operation intended to dismantle the terrorist infrastructure operating out of the P.A.-controlled areas. A battle took place there, about which conflicting reports were relayed.

According to the Israel Defense Forces, Israel chose not to bomb the spots of resistance using aircraft as it entered, in order to minimize civilian losses, but rather to take hold of the city using infantry.

Some sources however, claimed to have seen helicopters firing into the town apparently causing much of the civilian death. According to Amnesty International "During the fighting Palestinian residents and Palestinian and foreign journalists and others outside the camp saw hundreds of missiles being fired into the houses of the camp from Apache helicopters flying sortie after sortie." .

Yet other sources confirm the Israeli position: According to a CNN report Palestinian Islamic Jihad militant Tabaat Mardawi, told CNN enthusiastically from his prison in Israel, that, after learning the IDF was going to use troops, and not planes, "It was like hunting ... like being given a prize. ....He added: "I've been waiting for a moment like that for years."

Mardawi told CNN that Palestinian fighters had spread "between 1000 and 2000 bombs and booby traps" throughout the camp.  Time Magazine said that "some of the bombs were huge – as much as 250 lbs. of explosives...compared with the usual 25 lbs. a suicide bomber uses." A senior Palestinian military officer told Time that "it was probably the gunmen's own booby traps that [had] buried some civilians and fighters alive."

A total of 33 Israeli soldiers were killed in the street fighting, 13 of them in a single day (April 9). According to an interview by Al-Ahram Online, fighters lured the IDF into a trap:

"We all stopped shooting and the women went out to tell the soldiers that we had run out of bullets and were leaving." The women alerted the fighters as the soldiers reached the booby- trapped area.

"When the senior officers realised what had happened, they shouted through megaphones that they wanted an immediate cease-fire. We let them approach to retrieve the men and then opened fire."

During the battle, 52 Palestinians died, of which it is generally accepted that roughly half -22- may have been civilians.

Change in Israeli tactics
After the April 9 ambush which killed the 13 soldiers, the Israel Defense Forces changed tactics and began to operate the heavily-armored IDF Caterpillar D9 bulldozers. Beforehand, the IDF maintained the heavy bulldozers mainly to clear booby traps and open routes to armored fighting vehicles. After April 9, the bulldozers demolished each house that was allegedly used by the Palestinians' attacks on Israeli soldiers. The Israelis maintain a warning was given over a loud speaker before each of the houses were destroyed. By counter, the Palestinians claim that in some cases the Israelis bulldozed houses while there were still people inside. Druing this phase of the battle the IDF arrested or killed numerous Palestinians who were wanted by Israel due to their involvement in dozens of suicide attacks against Israeli citizens. Those arrested or killed included Mahmoud Tawallbe, Ali Sefuri and Thabet Mardawi.

After the battle
Due to the destruction and their inability to damage and stop the armored bulldozers, even with RPGs, the Palestinian militants surrendered, and some were arrested and taken to investigation. Later, IDF forces withdrew gradually from the refugee camp under international pressure.

After the conflict Israeli reports claim that 8-9% of the houses within the refugee camp were destroyed. This was largely within an area of intense fighting of approximately 100m by 100m according to the IDF. . An area within the refugee camp, 100m by 200m according to some (up to 400m by 500m by other estimates ) was reported to have been flattened.

Most of the demolition occurred in the Hawashin neighborhood, where most of the militants and explosive remained.

In October 2002, according to the Walla news agency, Palestinian Islamic Jihad and Hamas websites reported that their forces in Jenin before the Israeli entry included 250 armed militants. The official Kol Yisrael radio station reported that 15,000 explosive charges were at the militants' disposal, as well as a large number of handguns. The militants were well organized and had an extensive system of communications. Walla also mentioned sources who claimed that Palestinians youngsters contributed to the fighting, sometimes even carrying explosive charges in their schoolbags.

Time Magazine also wrote about the heavily wired refugee camp. It stated, for example, that on the outskirts of Jenin, an IDF armoured Caterpillar D9 detonated 124 explosive charges. Time also quoted an unnamed Palestinian who admitted that the gunmen's own booby traps caused some of the civilian deaths.

Al-Ahram Online has an interview with "Omar the Engineer", a Palestinian bombmaker who claims that some 50 homes were "booby trapped." "We chose old and empty buildings and the houses of men who were wanted by Israel because we knew the soldiers would search for them," he said.

According to Israeli authorities, numerous buildings, passages and even bodies were booby-trapped, often prompting Israelis to use armored bulldozers to level sections of the city. The Israelis also claimed to have found more than a dozen explosives-making labs, as well as the bodies of foreign citizens, most of whom were operatives of Yasser Arafat's Fatah movement who had been brought over from Jordan.

Allegations of a Massacre
Rumors of massacres in Jenin swirled through Palestinian communities which were then echoed in the world press for several weeks, pitting world public opinion against Israel. This was not helped as Israeli authorities prevented the international press from entering the refugee camp for two weeks.

Later inquiries by human rights groups and the UN commission did not find evidence of widespread massacres by Israeli forces in Jenin.

Inflated body counts
Both sides had inflated, or made overly cautious estimates of the number of dead in the refugee camp at the time. The Palestinian Authority did not provide an official count until around two weeks after fighting ended, although unofficial accounts perpetrated much of the inflation detailed before. Analysing the news reports finds a timeline of the inflated estimates which explain the reason for the hysteria caused in much of the world media (note that the following numbers include both civilians and armed combatants unless specifically stated otherwise):

 * April 3
 * Fighting begins

 * April 6
 * The Arab League hears in a speech where Nabil Shaath compares "Israeli actions in the West Bank towns of Jenin and Nablus to the 1982 massacres of hundreds of Palestinans", probably refering to Israel's part in the Sabra and Shatila Massacre where possibly up to 3500 Palestinian refugees were killed

 * April 7
 * Saeb Erekat, a Palestinian minister for Local Government is quoted in the Washington Post making the first mention of a massacre
 * NBC news hears from Abdel Rahman that "over 250 Palestinians killed"

 * April 10
 * Israel estimates 150 dead
 * Saeb Erekat estimates 500 or more dead

 * April 12
 * Fighting ends
 * IDF spokesman Brigadier-General Ron Kitrey reports on Israeli Army Radio that there are apparently hundreds killed, the IDF quickly clarify he meant hundreds of casualties (killed or injured).
 * An IDF source reportedly puts the number of dead at 250
 * Palestinian Information Minister, Yasser Abed Rabbo, accuses Israel of digging mass graves for 900 Palestinians in the camp, whilst Secretary-General of the Palestinian Authority, Ahmed Abdel Rahman claimed that "thousands" had died, the most serious accusations of the episode

 * April 14
 * After the IDF reportedly estimate 250, and 188 a final figure of 45 is given

 * April 30
 * Kadoura Mousa Kadoura, the director of Yasser Arafat's Fatah movement for the northern West Bank set the total dead to 56

Further investigation by the United Nations and international reporters found that only 52 Palestinians where killed in the operation, 22 of whom were civilians.

Massacre
Massacres refer not only to the numbers killed, but also to the method used.

In an article about the battle in Jenin, Time Magazine ruled out Palestinian allegations of massacre, writing that:
 * A Time investigation concludes that there was no wanton massacre in Jenin, no deliberate slaughter of Palestinians by Israeli soldiers. But the 12 days of fighting took a severe toll on the camp.

As of 2005, this view is widely supported by the international community although there are reports of "one or two civilians who were shot and executed".

Human Rights Reports
In late April and on May 3, 2002, the United Nations (UN), Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch released reports about the Israeli military incursions into Jenin. The reports documented that 32 Palestinian militants, 22 Palestinian civilians, and 23 Israeli soldiers were killed in the fighting and thus felt no evidence that a massacre took place.

UN report

 * Fifty-two Palestinian deaths had been confirmed by the hospital in Jenin by the end of May 2002. IDF also places the death toll at approximately 52. A senior Palestinian Authority official alleged in mid-April that some 500 were killed, a figure that has not been substantiated in the light of the evidence that has emerged. Article (56).
 * UN Report was strongly criticized by Human Rights Watch as "flawed" for not having any first-hand evidence and failing to address serious questions.

Human Rights Watch report
The HRW report found "no evidence to sustain claims of massacres or large-scale extrajudicial executions by the IDF". The report agreed with the total casualty figures provided by the IDF but documented a higher proportion of civilian casualties. However, the HRW report also stated that "Israeli forces committed serious violations of international humanitarian law, some amounting prima facie to war crimes". Amnesty International concurred.

The report concluded:
 * Israeli forces committed serious violations of international humanitarian law, some amounting prima facie to war crimes. Human Rights Watch found no evidence to sustain claims of massacres or large-scale extrajudicial executions by the IDF in Jenin refugee camp. However, many of the civilian deaths documented by Human Rights Watch amounted to unlawful or willful killings by the IDF. Many others could have been avoided if the IDF had taken proper precautions to protect civilian life during its military operation, as required by international humanitarian law. ... Some of the cases documented by Human Rights Watch amounted to summary executions, a clear war crime. ... Throughout the incursion, IDF soldiers used Palestinian civilians to protect them from danger, deploying them as "human shields" and forcing them to perform dangerous work ... the IDF prevented humanitarian organizations, including the International Committee of the Red Cross, from gaining access to the camp and its civilian inhabitants-despite the great humanitarian need.

While focusing mainly on the actions of the IDF, it adds that:
 * Palestinian gunmen did endanger Palestinian civilians in the camp by using it as a base for planning and launching attacks, using indiscriminate tactics such as planting improvised explosive devices within the camp, and intermingling with the civilian population during armed conflict, and, in some cases, to avoid apprehension by Israeli forces.

The report notes that:
 * The presence of armed Palestinian militants inside Jenin refugee camp, and the preparations made by those armed Palestinian militants in anticipation of the IDF incursion, does not detract from the IDF's obligation under international humanitarian law to take all feasible precautions to avoid harm to civilians ... Unfortunately, these obligations were not met.

Amnesty International report

 * Unlawful killings violate the "right to life" laid down in Article 6 of the ICCPR. Amnesty International considers that some of these abuses of the right to life would amount to "willful killings" and "willfully causing great suffering or serious injury to body or health" within the meaning of Article 147 of the Fourth Geneva Convention dealing with grave breaches of the Convention; "grave breaches" of the Geneva Convention are war crimes. -.

Notes on the independent reports
Israeli critics pointed out that the inquiries included no urban or counter-terrorist warfare specialists and therefore they believe that the investigators were unable to assess the justifiability of the IDF actions. Israel claimed that humanitarian organizations were rash to jump to conclusions about Israeli conduct without investigating thoroughly the conduct of the Palestinian guerrilla forces in the area. Moreover, Israel complained that although terrorists are civilians by definition, they are still combatants, which made their status different from that of the unarmed civilians. Finally, the human rights groups had not investigated the incidents in which ambulances of the Palestinian Red Crescent and equipment of other aid agencies were allegedly being used by Palestinian militants to transport weapons and combatants, thus voiding their nonbelligerent status as defined in the Geneva Convention.

UN fact finding mission
To settle the contradictory claims, a fact finding mission was proposed by the United Nations on April 19 2002. Israel initially agreed to co-operate with the inquiry, but demanded a set of conditions to do so. Among the conditions, Israel demanded that the mission should include anti-terrorism experts (this was supported by one Amnesty International advisor), that the UN agree not to prosecute Israeli soldiers for potential violations of international law, and that it limit its scope exclusively to events in Jenin.

The UN refused to accept the last two conditions and were forced to ultimately disband their mission. Israel argued that the conditions under which the UN proposed the mission were unfair, as the UN never agreed to give the anti-terrorism expert full membership, did not give the mission a strict mandate, and did not declare the mission solely investigatory (as opposed to having a judicial purpose). According to Israel, all three positions violate of the UN's own principles (as stated in the "Declaration on Fact-finding by the United Nations", A/RES/46/59 of December 9, 1991).

Reports by Human Rights groups, the UN, the IDF and the PA

 * Declaration on Fact-finding by the United Nations
 * Full Text of UN Report
 * The Secretary General's report on Jenin
 * Human Rights Watch: Jenin War Crimes Investigation Needed
 * Full Text of Human Rights Watch Report
 * Executive Summary, The Battle in Jenin – The Israel Defence Force’s, Response to the Report by Amnesty International (IDF spokesman's official response to the report)
 * Human Rights Watch - Jenin: IDF Military Operations
 * Palestinian view of UN report
 * Israeli aerial photographs of the combat area
 * Collection of Israeli statements regarding Operation Defensive Shield, at Israel's Foreign Ministry website

Press reports, opinions and articles about Jenin battle
Whilst considering these press and news reports, it is important to consider the date. At first, many international newspapers reported the possibility of a massacre, whereas 3-4 weeks on, they often describe the massacre as particularly unlikely.
 * The media tries to mop up its horrific coverage of Jenin. Honest Reporting
 * The Weekly Standard - The Big Jenin Lie
 * TIME magazine writeup on Jenin
 * A Study in Palestinian Duplicity and Media Indifference Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting
 * Urban warfare and the Lesson of Jenin, by Yagil Henkin
 * Jenin War Diary of a Hasidic Soldier - April 25, 2002 - Sergeant Major Rami Meir
 * Chabad site: Part I, Part II.
 * Reprint: [www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/672951/posts Part I], [www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/678298/posts Part II].
 * "Palestinian fighter describes 'hard fight' in Jenin. Says he didn't see large numbers killed", CNN interview with Palestinian Islamic Jihad militant Tabaat Mardawi (April 23, 2002)
 * The Truth about Jenin - Testimony of General Eyal Shlein, IDF Spokesperson, April 12, 2002
 * Asia Times: A street fight called Jeningrad by Paul Belden
 * ZNet: Did Israel Perpetrate a 'Massacre' in the Jenin Refugee Camp? by Mouin Rabbani
 * The story of D9 bulldozer driver from Yediot Ahronot with Gush Shalom comments

Articles from UPI

 * Documenting the Myth
 * Why Europeans bought the Jenin Myth
 * How Europe's Media Lost Out

Articles from The Observer and The Guardian

 * Ten-day ordeal in crucible of Jenin, Peter Beaumont (April 14, 2002)
 * The lunar landscape that was the Jenin refugee camp, Suzanne Goldenberg (April 16, 2002)
 * 'We fight like girls and we are accused of a massacre', Ewen MacAskill (April 20, 2002)
 * Battle for truth in Jenin, Bryan Whitaker (April 23, 2002)
 * Israel accused over Jenin assault, Chris McGreal in Jerusalem and Brian Whitaker (April 23, 2002)
 * Not a massacre, but a brutal breach of war's rules, Peter Beaumont in Jenin (April 25, 2002)

Articles from the BBC

 * Forensic expert barred from Jenin (17 April, 2002)
 * Jenin camp 'horrific beyond belief' (18 April, 2002)
 * Jenin 'massacre evidence growing' (18 April, 2002)
 * Expert weighs up Jenin 'massacre' (29 April, 2002)
 * 'No Jenin massacre' says rights group (3 May, 2002)
 * UN condemns Israel over Jenin (8 May, 2002)

Articles from Ha'aretz

 * Palestinians: IDF tanks enter Nablus; reservist killed in Jenin (4 April, 2002)
 * Peres calls IDF operation in Jenin a 'massacre' (9 April, 2002)
 * Court: IDF can't move bodies; Lieberman: Barak must be ousted (13 April, 2002)
 * Court rejects petitions demanding IDF not remove Jenin dead (14 April, 2002)
 * IDF bulldozers buried Jenin dead, Palestinians claim
 * Court told: IDF leaving dead to rot in Jenin
 * Security Council meets after Israel denies entry to UN team (29 April, 2002)
 * Ticking bomb

Related issues to Jenin battle

 * Jenin - center of Terrorism
 * "Jenin Al Kassam" A Hothouse of Terrorism
 * Israel Defense Forces' briefing on terrorist activity in Jenin
 * List of suicide bombings originating in Jenin

 * Photos of fake funeral in Jenin
 * Israel Defense Forces' footage of the fake burial in Jenin (orginal link, not working)
 * Israel Defense Forces' footage of the fake burial in Jenin (reprint + video)

 * Muhammed Bakhri's banned film Jenin Jenin:
 * The Guardian: Israeli censors ban film about battle of Jenin
 * Ha'aretz: Censor bans movie on Jenin offensive
 * Reuters: Israeli Film Board Bans Jenin Camp Documentary
 * "Seven Lies About Jenin", by David Zangen, a combaat paramedic and doctor who fought in Jenin slams Bakhri movies for telling lies (Maariv - repprint, November 8, 2002)
 * [www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1324221/posts Jenin Jenin Film-Maker Admits Fraud]

Category:Israeli-Palestinian conflict

title: User talk:Dajudem/draft


text:
Ahtna, Incorporated

Ahtna, Incorporated is one of thirteen Alaska Native Regional Corporations created under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 (ANCSA) in settlement of aboriginal land claims. Ahtna, Incorporated was incorporated in Alaska on June 23, 1972. Headquartered in Glennallen, Alaska, Ahtna is a for-profit corporation with more than 2,000 Alaska Native shareholders primarily of Ahtna Athabascan descent.

Ahtna, Inc. stewards over 1500000 acre of lands granted through land claims under ANCSA finalized between 1971 and 1998. The Ahtna region is located primarily in the Copper River Census Area of Alaska, with a small spillover into the neighboring Denali Borough in the area of Cantwell. Ahtna's total entitlement under ANCSA is 1770000 acre.

Officers and Directors
A current listing of Ahtna, Inc.'s officers and directors, as well as documents filed with the State of Alaska since Ahtna's incorporation, are available online through the Corporations Database of the Division of Corporations, Business & Professional Licensing, Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development.

Shareholders
At incorporation, Ahtna enrolled approximately 1,000 Alaska Natives, each of whom received 100 shares of Ahtna stock. As an ANCSA corporation, Ahtna has no publicly traded stock and its shares cannot legally be sold.

The corporation has over 2,000 shareholders, all of whom are Alaska Natives.

Lands
Ahtna's total entitlement under ANCSA is 1770000 acre, including regional and village entitlements.

Eight villages are contained within the Ahtna region, including Cantwell, Chistochina, Chitina, Gakona, Gulkana, Mentasta, the Native Village of Kluti-Kaah (Copper Center), and Tazlina. Under the terms of ANCSA, 714240 acre of land surrounding the villages were allocated to the village corporations established for those villages. Ahtna, Inc. received bonus selections of about 45000 acre for distribution among the eight villages based upon historic use and subsistence needs.

In 1980, seven of the eight village corporations in the Ahtna region merged with Ahtna. These included the village corporations Yedatene Na Corporation (Cantwell), Cheesh-Na, Incorporated (Chistochina), Gakona Corporation (Gakona), Sta-Keh Corporation (Gulkana), Kluti-Kaah Corporation (Kluti-Kaah in Copper Center), Mentasta, Incorporated (Mentasta), and Tazlina, Incorporated (Tazlina). Ahtna assumed management of the lands of the seven merged corporations; however, under terms of the merger agreement, the former village corporations were permitted to maintain shareholder committees known as Successor Village Organizations (SVO) each of which retains the right to reasonably withhold consent to new development of former village lands.

Chitina Native Corporation (in Chitina) chose not to merge with Ahtna, and retains rights to the surface estate of its lands. Rights to the subsurface estate of its lands are with Ahtna, Inc., per the requirements of ANCSA.

 * Surface estate (including gravel), timber, and subsurface estate is managed by the Ahtna, Inc. Land Department.

Business enterprises
Ahtna Netiye', LLC, the holding company of Ahtna, Inc. manages the operating subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned. These subsidiary companies are involved in a number of corporate activities, including civil and vertical construction, environmental remediation, facilities management and support services, government contracting, and oil and gas pipeline maintenance and construction. Ahtna Netiye', LLC is headquartered in Anchorage, Alaska.

Under federal law, Ahtna and its majority-owned subsidiaries, joint ventures and partnerships are deemed to be a "minority and economically disadvantaged business enterprise[s]" (43 USC 1626(e)).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ahtna, Incorporated


text:
Robert Davis (New Orleans)

Robert Davis (born 1941) is a retired elementary school teacher and resident of New Orleans who was detained, arrested, and beaten by four police officers on October 8, 2005, on suspicion of public intoxication. Davis has denied intoxication, but he resisted arrest by not allowing himself to be handcuffed and was beaten, which was filmed by the members of the Associated Press. A fifth officer was charged with assaulting an Associated Press producer.

Incident
Davis is an African American and the two officers who beat him (while two others held him down) are white, adding to the controversy of this case. Davis, who was charged with public intoxication, resisting arrest, battery, and public intimidation, pleaded not guilty on October 12, 2005. The officers have also been charged with battery and were accused of using extreme force. Regarding the charge of public intoxication, Davis said, "I haven't had a drink in 25 years."

Davis said he returned to view and possibly rebuild his family's six properties that were destroyed by Hurricane Katrina. He went out during the night to buy cigarettes in the French Quarter and asked a mounted officer when a curfew would go into effect that night.

"This other guy interfered and I said he shouldn't. I started to cross the street and... bam... I got it. ... All I know is this guy attacked me and said, 'I will kick your ass,' and they proceeded to do it."

As Davis was arrested, Associated Press producer Rich Matthews was jabbed in the stomach and shoved into a police cruiser by a third officer who shouted, "I've been here for six weeks trying to keep fucking alive. Fucking go home."

Aftermath
Officers Lance Schilling, Robert Evangelist, and Stuart Smith were released on bond after appearing before a judge to make their not guilty pleas.

The police union and a lawyer for the accused officers, challenge Davis' version of the events. According to their account, a drunken Davis walked into a police horse while asking about the curfew, and belligerently resisted officers who confronted him. Davis' mugshot shows stitches beneath his left eye and a bandaged left hand, and sustained injuries. On October 12, 2005, Davis revisited the site saying, "Is that my blood? It must be. I didn't know I was bleeding that bad."

The policemen's trial was set for January 11, 2006. Davis' trial began on January 18. The police chief in charge of the investigation, Warren Riley, also an African American, claimed that he did not believe race was an issue in the beating. Charges against Davis were dropped in April 2006.

Stuart Smith was the officer charged with assaulting the AP producer; he was suspended for 120 days, while Robert Evangelist and Lance Schilling were fired for their participation in the beating. Two of the men involved in the incident were not New Orleans police officers, but federal agents, who were not indicted by their parent agency for their involvement.

Lance Schilling was found dead on June 10, 2007, from a "gunshot wound to the roof of the mouth" that was apparently self-inflicted.

On July 24, 2007, Officer Robert Evangelist was cleared of all charges by Judge Frank Marullo, who was later quoted in reference to the trial, "I didn't even find this a close call." The deciding factor was the video evidence that showed Davis struggling for several minutes while police tried to detain him. "This event could have ended at any time if the man had put his hands behind his back," the judge concluded.

title: Robert Davis (New Orleans)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alexander Browns: Sweet Dreams

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 05:44, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Alexander Browns: Sweet Dreams
Non-notable novel, probable vanity press. First novel from a high school senior or recent grad appears to be published by a vanity press (Authorhouse or 1st Books), Amazon sales rank #2,554,188 in Books with two suspiciously effusive 5-star user reviews. I have also nominated the author, Alexander Brown, immediately prior to this entry. Quale 03:23, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity press book. Average Earthman 11:04, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Obvious vanity entry. --Calton | Talk 11:17, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - vanity press, nn CLW 15:33, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity press. Andrew pmk | Talk 00:13, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:PENIS!

Hi there. That is a rather offensive username which should not be used on Wikipedia. I'd highly recommend that you choose another username, as it has been blocked for its inappropriateness and intensifying nature. Thanks for your understanding. --HC 03:23, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

You have been blocked from editing Wikipedia  as a result of your . You are free to make constructive edits after the block has expired, but please note that vandalism (including page blanking or addition of random text), spam, deliberate misinformation, privacy violations, personal attacks; and repeated, blatant violations of our policies concerning neutral point of view and biographies of living persons will not be tolerated.

Hello, PENIS! I actually don't find your username offensive at all, if you want my opinion. 71.113.19.254 (talk) 04:31, 8 October 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:PENIS!


text: User talk:71.35.135.15

title: User talk:71.35.135.15


text:
User:Thethinredline

"The wiser a man is, the less talkative he will be" - Ali ibn Abi Talib

Article Work

Articles started

 * [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|14px]] Congressional stagnation in the United States
 * Yellow Ledbetter
 * Dissident (song)
 * The Exception and the Rule
 * Song of Lawino
 * Tirreno-Adriatico 2006
 * Frances Farmer Will Have Her Revenge On Seattle
 * Vuelta al País Vasco 2006
 * Gent-Wevelgem 2006

Contributions

 * Political Incumbency
 * [[Image:Cscr-featured.png|14px]] New England Patriots
 * [[Image:Cscr-featured.png|14px]] Nirvana (band)
 * Noel Gallagher
 * [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|14px]] Pearl Jam
 * Richard Nixon
 * Jon Stewart
 * Fabian Cancellara
 * Ted Washington
 * Leigh Steinberg
 * McConnell v. FEC
 * Philip Rivers
 * Angels in America
 * Geneva
 * Alexander Ovechkin
 * Dany Heatley
 * Okot p'Bitek
 * Silvio Berlusconi
 * The Seven Deadly Sins
 * The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui
 * The Good Person of Sezuan
 * The Race to Urga
 * The Mother (play)
 * The Berliner Ensemble
 * Ivan Basso
 * Rita Verdonk
 * Mitt Romney
 * Mitt Romney presidential campaign, 2008

Goals

 * Get Congressional stagnation in the United States to FA Status.
 * Improve quality of the BCRA article, to potential FA status.
 * Generally improve the quality of campaign finance articles relating to US Politics (e.g. McConnell v FEC, FECA, Federal Election Commission etc.)

Other Stuff

 *
 *

title: User:Thethinredline


text: User talk:80.133.63.20

title: User talk:80.133.63.20


text:
Neela Rasgotra

Dr. Neela Rasgotra (former married name Gallant) is a fictional character portrayed by Parminder Nagra on the television show ER. Following the departure of Goran Visnjic, Maura Tierney, and Mekhi Phifer, Nagra was left as the longest term cast member on ER. Parminder Nagra's addition into the main cast opening credits was in the 3rd episode of season 10. The character was listed in Wetpaint's "10 Hottest Female Doctors on TV" and in BuzzFeed's "16 Hottest Doctors On Television".

Beginnings
Neela Kaur Rasgotra first appeared in late 2003 at the start of the 10th season as a talented but very reticent medical student from Southall, London, of Punjabi Sikh heritage.

She arrives on her first day as the ER is undergoing major renovations and is for the most part unnoticed, except by Dr. Michael Gallant, who guides her through the rough start in the hospital, and Dr. Greg Pratt, who flirts a little bit with her. Neela is very intelligent but sometimes stumbles in her doctor–patient communications skills. This proves disastrous when she informs the wrong woman of her grandson's death.

A very reserved individual, she faces her first big crisis at County when a helicopter crash occurs on Thanksgiving Day, killing Dr. Robert Romano and pushing her and everyone else there to their limits. Nevertheless, she does her job superbly. It is also revealed that Neela had a terrible case of claustrophobia, which she later conquers by braving a hyperbaric chamber session that helped save a baby's life from carbon monoxide poisoning.

At the end of Season 10, Neela and Abby Lockhart both graduate from medical school. However, upon graduating, Neela has an identity crisis and turns down an internship at the University of Michigan, opting to work as a store clerk when no other position turns up.

After a few episodes, she asks the ER chief Dr. Kerry Weaver for a job back at County. Later, she finds herself back in the hospital after an obsessive-compulsive intern (Howard, portrayed by Andy Powers) quit and Susan Lewis makes her a job offer, which she accepts.

Neela's birthday is April 17, 1977.

Personal life
She becomes close to Dr. Michael Gallant prior to his deployment to Iraq, especially after he took the blame of a patient's accidental death, sparing Neela's probable dismissal. During one return visit, they begin a romantic relationship, after which they maintain a regular correspondence. On completion of his tour of duty, they impulsively marry, but he soon feels compelled to return to Iraq and re-enlists. At this point, Neela was also struggling with her feelings for roommate Ray Barnett, who began to fall in love with her. Neela kept her distance from Ray when she decided to move in with Abby Lockhart instead. Abby and Neela remain best friends through the series; during medical school, Neela would help Abby study and Abby would help Neela with her communication problems.

In "The Gallant Hero & The Tragic Victor", Neela becomes a widow when Gallant is killed by a roadside bomb near Mosul. She pushes Ray and everyone else away when they try to offer her some comfort. In "Twenty-One Guns" (the 12th season finale), Michael's funeral takes place, where she is accompanied by Gregory Pratt. She gets angry at Michael's father, accusing him of telling Michael to go off to war when he could have stopped him, but Pratt offers her some comfort when he says that Gallant felt he had to be in Iraq, and that Pratt now understands this due to his own experiences in Darfur. Pratt later receives a phone call from the ER; both are unaware of the shootings which have taken place there.

In "Bloodline", Neela and Pratt rush to the hospital when they find out about the shooting and help the distraught ER. Neela, then taking a surgical elective, scrubs in and operates on Jerry, who eventually recovers from his injuries. Neela reunites with paramedic Tony Gates (from "Two Ships", season 12). Still mourning her husband, she gets drunk and kisses him but she apologizes to him later on. Many feelings and tension arise between her, Gates and Barnett in an uncomfortable love triangle. Chief of Surgery Dr. Dubenko has always been fond of Neela and her talents, looking out for her and helping her get the spot in a surgical elective. She later decides to leave the ER and start over as a surgical intern. As she begins her new surgical rotation, she falls under the strict supervision of new surgical Chief Resident Dr. Dustin Crenshaw, who seems to hold her back from demonstrating her skills. Later in her elective, Neela feels pushed away and neglected from her mentor when a new med student steals all the spotlight in front of Dr. Dubenko. She later discovers that Dr. Dubenko holds feelings for her as does the (female) new med student.

During the wedding of Abby and Luka, Neela decides to end her romantic relationships with Tony and Ray for good, after built-up emotions escalate and lead to a bar fight between the guys that exposed their personal issues in front of the entire ER staff. The fight got Ray tossed out of the reception party, however Neela appeared to be in the process of settling with Ray. She called him on his cell after looking affectionately at the CD of love songs he burned for her. Initially Ray, while leaving drunk from a bar, did not answer his cell despite its vibrating. She was still upset at Ray, as well as Tony, but grew concerned when Ray wouldn't answer his calls and did not show up at work. Neela went by his apartment with no luck and later discovered he was hit by a truck and was hospitalized. With both legs amputated, a bitter Ray could not forgive Neela for hurting him and left Chicago to be cared for by his mother back home, and Ray's love interest Katey blamed Neela for Ray's injuries. This further upsets Neela who has been torn apart by the two men. In the 13th season finale, Neela attends an anti-war rally and soon finds herself in danger as a mass panic ensues in the crowd. Tony who was looking for her tries to come to her aid as the crowd tramples her.

In the early part of season 14, she recovers from her accident and stays with Abby while Luka is away in Croatia. She also babysits Joe while Abby is at work. When Neela returns to work, Gates inquires about Ray and we learn that Ray has been writing to Neela. Katey and Neela have another altercation when Katey argues with Neela's directions during a trauma, but Katey ends up looking stupid as Neela's decisions save the patient's life. Neela then tells Katey she's finished taking Katey's anger about Ray's accident and Neela tells her that she will not take the blame for what happened to Ray because "I didn't make him get piss-drunk and wander in front of a truck". She also reveals that Ray himself doesn't blame her for the accident. Some months later, Neela and Abby engage in an argument after Neela finds out that Abby is an alcoholic. During the heated exchange, Abby says that Neela should not be lecturing her on love because Ray is probably wishing he never met Neela. While Neela does not directly address her feelings about Ray, from the hurt on her face it is evident that she is still not completely over what happened to him. Neela gets very upset after Abby's comments and kicks her out of the apartment. Abby and Neela make up some time later after Abby returns from rehab.

After doing an orthopedic surgery rotation where it became obvious all the surgical departments wanted her on their teams for the long haul, she returns to working for Dr. Dubenko. However, Neela has faced some professional and personal setbacks since that return: a wiz-kid surgical resident decided surgery wasn't for him and left for Pediatrics despite her efforts to convince him he could be a successful surgeon; she noted her sparse personal life on her birthday (which nobody but Tony Gates remembered); and she became close to a patient played by Aida Turturro who developed an infection that led to her death, sending Neela into the doldrums once again.

Season 15
With Abby's departure, Neela is the lead character of the final season.

In the Season 15 episode, "The Book of Abby," Neela's long-time friend and colleague, Abby Lockhart, resigned and left the ER for a new job in Boston. Neela, while happy for her friend's new start, told Abby that she wished she had known about this sooner and that she couldn't imagine working in the hospital without Abby. Separated by a glass window while operating in the OR, Neela told a departing Abby to "be good," after which Abby smiled and walked away.

Abby's departure leaves Neela Rasgotra as the most senior regular character on ER, followed by Archie Morris and Sam Taggart, respectively.

Into Season 15, Ray Barnett re-entered Neela's life just at the right time. After the death of her friend Greg Pratt and the departure of her best friend Abby a few weeks later, Ray returns right "when she needs that friend and possibly that romance back." Ray surprises Neela by showing up to County in a Frankenstein outfit during Halloween and revealed on his one-day return to Chicago that he has endured months of rehab, during which he was fitted with new cutting edge prosthetics and is walking on his own. His presence clearly has a huge impact on Neela, and she invites him to spend the night with her, but he declines by saying he has finally reached a good place in his life and doesn't want to mess that up. It is later revealed that Neela had planned to visit Ray for Thanksgiving in Louisiana but canceled the trip after learning Ray had begun dating a woman from Georgia.

Neela has had a difficult time dealing with Andrew Wade, a young surgical intern who she feels is too passive to be a successful surgeon. When a surgical patient implies she is having rectal bleeding, Andrew is too intimidated to get the information to Neela, and the patient later bleeds to death. Andrew blames himself and Neela is critical of him for not telling her the earlier information. She later tells Dr. Dubenko she doesn't want to work with Andrew anymore, and Andrew gets transferred to a less-important surgical rotation. Neela then gets mad at Andrew because she's getting sued by the dead patient's family after Andrew confessed his mistake to them. But Neela later works with Andrew on a complicated procedure that saves a patient's eye, and when she is grudging about having to teach Andrew, Dr. Dubenko angrily tells her that if that's her attitude then she needs to pack her stuff up and leave County. Chastened, Neela later tells Andrew he did a great job and that she understands his motives in talking to the patient's family. The lawsuit is later dropped and Neela reconciles herself to having a work-only relationship with the close-knit group of interns.

Later in Season 15 in "Dream Runner" she has a chance to catch with her old colleague Dr. Elizabeth Corday during an attending interview and became involved romantically with Simon Brenner after he returned from Australia. However, in the episode 'Love is a Battlefield,' Brenner is again shown coming home from Australia, signaling to the audience that Neela's involvement with Brenner in the previous episode was just part of the re-occurring dream she was having throughout the show.

In “Love is a Battlefield,” Neela is seen skillfully avoiding Simon Brenner, brushing him off in obvious awkwardness, due to her dreams of him in the prior episode, as he tells her that he called her the second he got back in from Australia to go out to dinner and catch up, even telling her that he had a gift for her. At the end of the episode, she runs away from him, only to have him catch up to her on the busy sidewalk. She admits to him that she likes him and she wants to be with him, and then telling him that he can "gloat now" – throwing back to his speech in episode "Parental Guidance" where he says that "he predicted it." He smiles and kisses her, saying that he'd 'rather do something else,' obviously showing the beginning of their relationship.

In "The Family Man," Neela is in a pre-coital position with Simon in her apartment while her phone rings. He urges her not to take it, but she does, and finds that Duke wants her to meet with the Head of Surgery. Though she claimed that she only met with Duke to ‘get Dubenko off her case,’ she is now seriously considering taking them up on their offer. Simon is obviously disappointed, but acts happy for her.

During the Valentine’s episode of the Season, "The Beginning of the End," Simon and Neela are revealing their most romantic Valentine’s celebrations: Her most romantic one was at fifteen and her boyfriend bought her a plastic tiara, and took her out, telling her that she deserved to be treated like a queen. Simon agrees fully. He suggests that they take a trip together. While at the hospital, she receives a CD in the mail from her old flame, Ray Barnett; it holds a poignant love song by Pete Yorn. She sees her old attending, John Carter who notes that the "grasshopper is now the teacher." Later in the episode she is left a map with a heart-stickered destination on it from Simon Brenner. She shows up at a balcony overlooking the Chicago River. She sees him down below and he runs up to her, calling out in Italian. He reaches her and hands her Italy pamphlets, telling her that they are at the closest thing to a canal right now, but it will change. Simon tells her that he wants them to take a week off in April and take her to Venice. She smiles and says that it definitely constitutes as a romantic gesture. He responds saying that that was nothing and it was just the beginning, surely foreshadowing things to come. They enjoy the moment with each other, leading to her new favorite Valentine’s celebration.

Neela learns from Morris about Simon's childhood and is upset he never mentioned it to her. In recent weeks Simon hasn't been around as much and always evades questions about his childhood. Eventually they get into a fight and she tells him that there are better people for both of them out there. This signifies that Neela has broken up with Simon.

During a trip to Seattle to deliver some donated organs, Neela and Sam briefly meet Carol Hathaway and Dr. Doug Ross, learning that the pair worked at County General in the past.

Neela last appeared as a regular in episode 20 of season 15, "Shifting Equilibrium," in which she leaves County General for good after talking with Simon and Abby (via phone). She is shown arriving at Le Chatelier Medical Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where she goes to a physical rehab center where Ray Barnett is shown helping patients. There, she and Ray reunite, with Neela looking like she finally felt she made the right decision after struggling with her fear of making the wrong choices in life.

In the following episode "I Feel Good" she makes a cameo appearance via webcam, calling from her new workplace with Ray. He mentions that he brought some of Neela's things from home into her office at work, signifying that they are living together.

In the series finale "And In the End...," Neela makes a cameo, again appearing on webcam at Frank's admit desk, talking to Brenner, Morris, and Carter about her new life in Baton Rouge. This time Brenner seems more comfortable with Neela's physical absence.

title: Neela Rasgotra


text:
Anne Beatts

Anne Beatts (February 25, 1947 – April 7, 2021) was an American comedy writer.

Early life
Beatts was born in Buffalo, New York, to Sheila Elizabeth Jean (Sherriff-Scott) and Patrick Murray Threipland Beatts. She has described her parents as "beatniks." Beatts had what has been called an "aggressive, dark sensibility." Growing up in Somers, New York, she later attended McGill University.

It was at McGill University where Beatts discovered the dark humor of Jewish writers J. D. Salinger, Philip Roth, and Bruce Jay Friedman. At this time, Beatts converted to Judaism.

National Lampoon
After graduating from college, Beatts wrote for The Village Voice and National Lampoon magazine, a national offshoot of the Harvard Lampoon. She co-wrote a parody advertisement for Volkswagen, conceived by Philip Socci, for which the magazine was later sued by the car company. The advertisement stated, "If Ted Kennedy drove a Volkswagen, he'd be President today," accompanied by a photograph of a VW Beetle floating on a lake (an allusion to Kennedy's Chappaquiddick incident).

During Beatts' time at National Lampoon magazine, she worked with Michael O'Donoghue. The two became romantically involved, and both joined the creative team of Saturday Night Live in the early years of the program.

Television
At SNL, she was nominated for an Emmy five times, winning once. Beatts created the 1982 CBS sitcom Square Pegs starring Sarah Jessica Parker and Jami Gertz, and additionally appeared in uncredited guest spots on the early SNL. For Square Pegs, Beatts hired a staff of five women writers, believing they would be best able to voice the experiences of a teenage girl, but the network compelled her to include a male writer, Andy Borowitz, to connect with a broader audience.

Beatts wrote the book for the 1985 Ellie Greenwich jukebox musical Leader of the Pack.

Starting in 1987, she produced the first season of The Cosby Show spinoff A Different World.

In 2000 she won a Writers Guild Award for Best Comedy/Variety show for her part in writing the Saturday Night Live: 25th Anniversary Special.

In 2006, she directed the series John Waters Presents Movies That Will Corrupt You with her writing and producing partner, Eve Brandstein, for B-Girls Productions.

In 2007, Beatts served as one of the judges for the online comedy competition Project Breakout.

Beatts served as Adjunct Professor in the Writing Division at the University of Southern California's School of Cinematic Arts, as well as at Chapman University's Dodge College of Film and Media Arts. She also gave private lessons on writing sketch comedy.

Credits

 * National Lampoon (Magazine)
 * National Lampoon's Lemmings (with Sean Kelly, Tony Hendra, Christopher Guest, and Paul Jacobs) (1973) (Stage Show)
 * Tarzoon: Shame of the Jungle (with Michael O'Donoghue) (1975) (Adaptation)
 * National Lampoon: A Dirty Book (1976) (Book)
 * Saturday Night Live (1975–1979) (TV)
 * Titters: The First Collection of Humor by Women (with Deanne Stillman) (1976) (Book)
 * Gilda Live (with Gilda Radner, Michael O'Donoghue, Alan Zweibel, Don Novello, Lorne Michaels, Marilyn Suzanne Miller, Paul Shaffer, and Rosie Shuster) (1980) (Stage Show)
 * Square Pegs (1982–1983) (TV)
 * Titters 101 (with Deanne Stillman and Judith Jacklin Belushi) (1984) (Book)
 * Leader of the Pack (1985) (Stage Show)
 * The Mom Book (with Judith Jacklin Belushi and Deanne Stillman) (1986) (Book)
 * A Different World (1987–1988) (TV) (Producer only)
 * Faerie Tale Theatre (1987) (TV)
 * The Belles of Bleeker Street (1991) (TV)
 * Murphy Brown (1991) (TV)
 * The Elvira Show (1993) (TV)
 * The Stephanie Miller Show (1995) (TV)
 * Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child (2000) (TV)
 * Hollywood Off-Ramp (2000) (TV)
 * 56th Annual Writers' Guild Awards (2004) (TV)

Media portrayals
Beatts was portrayed by Natasha Lyonne in the 2018 Netflix film A Futile and Stupid Gesture. She was profiled in the January 6, 2020, issue of New York Magazine.

Death
Beatts died at age 74 on April 7, 2021, at her home in West Hollywood. She is survived by her daughter, Jaylene Beatts.

title: Anne Beatts


text: User talk:85.101.120.14

title: User talk:85.101.120.14


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Govclass

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 05:46, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Govclass
The site which is the focus of this article is unnotable, and the article itself is nothing more than an advertisement. StradivariusTV 03:26, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as nn/advert. MCB 05:03, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom CLW 15:33, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. per nom. Andrew pmk | Talk 00:14, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Talk:Seto, Aichi

Moved from article: "The following information was compiled by English Club students from Seto High School, with the help of their Assistant English Teacher, Miss Leanna Cooper:" SeventyThree(Talk) 03:27, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Notable people section
Help needed: Please see Talk:Aichi Prefecture page for details, as the Aichi Prefecture article has same, or very similar, problem. Thanks 49.177.73.238 (talk) 07:53, 20 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Seto, Aichi


text:
Randolph Lycett

Randolph Lycett (27 August 1886 – 9 February 1935) was a British tennis player. Lycett is primarily known for his success in doubles, winning 5 men's doubles and 3 mixed doubles slams. He was also the runner-up at the 1922 Wimbledon men's singles (where he lost to Gerald Patterson).

Lycett was recognised as one of the dominant players in men's doubles. He was the champion at both the Australasian Championships and Wimbledon multiple times. In April 1924 he won the singles title at the inaugural British Hard Court Championships in Torquay defeating Christiaan van Lennep in the final in four sets. He played in three ties for the British Davis Cup team in 1921 and 1923 and compiled a record of six wins and three losses.

His cousin was the operatic soprano Miriam Licette.

In the 1921 Wimbledon Quarter Final, Randolph Lycett played Zenzo Shimizu on a very hot day. During the third set, Lycett was revived with gin each time Ends were changed. In the Fifth Set, he ordered a bottle of champagne, and was drinking it when the Umpire announced "Shimizu leads by nine games to eight in the Final Set". Lycett dropped his racket, and began to search for it on his hands and knees.

title: Randolph Lycett


text:
Joey Devine

Joseph Neal Devine (born September 19, 1983) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Atlanta Braves and Oakland Athletics.

Atlanta Braves
Devine was the Braves' first selection (27th overall) in the first round of the 2005 Major League Baseball draft out of North Carolina State University, where he had set the Wolfpack record for saves with 24 and made the All-Atlantic Coast Conference team three times. After being drafted, Devine spent only two months in the minor leagues, pitching with the Single-A Advanced Myrtle Beach Pelicans and the Double-A Mississippi Braves, before being called up to the major leagues on August 20. He was the first player in his draft class to make his MLB debut.

Devine encountered early struggles once being called up to the major leagues, becoming the first pitcher in major league history to allow a grand slam in each of his first two games. Braves manager Bobby Cox showed faith in Devine, however, by including him on the postseason roster despite his pitching only five innings with the big-league club during the regular season. In the 18th inning of Game 4 of the 2005 National League Division Series, Devine gave up a walk-off home run to Houston Astros rookie Chris Burke to end the Braves' season.

In, Atlanta planned to have Devine start the season at Triple-A Richmond as the closer, but injuries to Horacio Ramírez and Blaine Boyer forced the Braves to call him up along with fellow reliever Ken Ray. Devine struggled once again, however, pitching a total of one inning in two games against the San Francisco Giants and giving up seven runs on five hits, five walks, and two wild pitches. Devine was optioned back to Richmond afterwards, with Peter Moylan serving as his replacement in Atlanta's bullpen. Devine was called up again in September and continued to pitch in Atlanta until the end of the regular season. Baseball America rated Devine as the Braves' ninth-best prospect entering. Devine spent the majority of the 2007 season at Mississippi, though he was called up by Atlanta several times. On September 22, Devine earned his first major league victory against the Milwaukee Brewers. He finished the 2007 season 1–0 with a 1.08 ERA.

Oakland Athletics
On January 14,, Devine was traded to the Oakland Athletics along with minor league pitcher Jamie Richmond for center fielder Mark Kotsay. Devine had a breakout season with the Athletics in ; in 45$2⁄3$ innings, Devine gave up just 23 hits, walked only 15, struck out 49, held major-league batters to a .148 BA, and finished with a remarkable 0.59 ERA; the lowest ever in MLB history among pitchers with a minimum of 45 innings since ERA became an official statistic in. This record is not officially recognized because the MLB minimum is 50 innings.

Devine missed the 2009 season following Tommy John surgery on his right elbow. The operation was performed Tuesday, April 21, 2009, by Dr. James Andrews on Devine's ulnar collateral ligament. On December 2, 2009, Devine, avoided arbitration and agreed to a 1-year contract with the Oakland Athletics.

Devine remained inactive through the 2010 season while still recovering from the surgery. He finally returned to action in 2011. However, after struggling to find control in a flukish spring training game, Joey Devine was sent down to the A's Minor League Sacramento River Cats to work out the kinks. He instantly regained his 2008 form and commenced to not allow a single earned run over his first 12$1⁄3$ innings, striking out a solid 17, giving up only 4 hits, and walking a mere one batter. He was recalled to the Oakland A's Major League Roster on May, 20th 2011.

Devines' longest streak of innings without yielding an earned run (33.2 innings) was broken on June 3, 2011, due to inherited runs acquired through reliever Brian Fuentes.

After pitching relatively well after his return to the MLB roster in 2011, Devine struggled in late July during his last three outings of that month (Devine attributed control issues to heat and lack of grip during a heat wave in which temps. were over 100 F-change). On July 22, 2011, he walked three consecutive Yankees, throwing a wild pitch behind Brandon Laird to initiate the latter's debut major-league at-bat. His control issues lead to his being demoted back to Sacramento River Cats on July 28, 2011, despite the fact that many of the earned runs he had acquired to that point were inherited after he stepped off the mound. Prior to his last three outings, Devine was one of the leading pitchers on Oakland's MLB pitching staff statistically: 2.14 ERA and declining, over 9K/9 innings, and high octane pitch speeds of up to 97 MPH, with additional nasty off speed pitch movement in his slider, low hits/outs ratio, hitters average under .200, no homers allowed, and an average walk rate.

It was announced on April 10, 2012, that Devine had undergone his second career Tommy John surgery. Devine was placed on the disabled list for the 2012 season.

Personal life
After leaving baseball, Devine worked for a sports agency, earned a degree from NC State while living in Raleigh, North Carolina and worked as a graduate assistant for his former college team.

In 2017, Devine told The Atlanta Journal-Constitution that Brian McCann was still one of his closest friends.

, he was married and had three young children.

title: Joey Devine


text:
Talk:A Warning to the Hindus

Category: Fascist books?
Removed Category:Fascist books as this seems inappropriate. If it is really justified, please explain and add it back. -- 11 October 2005
 * The book explicitly attempts to lay the groundwork for a synthesis between Nazism and Hindutva. I think the category is justified.Hornplease 03:40, 17 May 2006 (UTC)
 * The article currently mentions nothing at all about that, so if that's the case, the article should be expanded. The way the article currently reads, it sounds more like a garden-variety ethnic-nationalist book than like a fascist book. --Delirium 09:50, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

ToC?
Why is there a table of contents in the article? I am removing it. -- Shruti14 t c s 20:28, 21 March 2008 (UTC)
 * It comes with having more than three sub-headings... Aryaman (☼) 21:04, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:A Warning to the Hindus


text:
Piura Province

Piura is a province in the Piura Region in northwestern Peru. Its capital, the city of Piura, is also the regional capital. The province is the most populous in the region as well as its center of economic activity.

Boundaries

 * Northeast Sullana Province
 * Northwest Ayabaca Province
 * East Morropón Province
 * Southeast Lambayeque Region
 * Southwest Sechura Province
 * West Paita Province

Political division
The Piura Province is divided into ten districts (distritos, singular: distrito), each of which is headed by a mayor (alcalde). The districts, with their capitals in parentheses, are:

 * Piura (Piura), in Piura metropolitan area
 * Castilla (Castilla), in Piura metropolitan area
 * Veintiséis de Octubre (San Martín), in Piura metropolitan area
 * Catacaos (Catacaos), in Piura metropolitan area
 * Cura Mori (Cucungará)
 * El Tallán (Sinchao)
 * La Arena (La Arena)
 * La Unión (La Unión)
 * Las Lomas (Las Lomas)
 * Tambo Grande (Tambo Grande)

title: Piura Province


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bluelight

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Delete DES (talk) 18:47, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Bluelight
not notable--MONGO 03:28, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Non-notable, last half of the article consists entirely of personal attacks and POV rants. --Clay Collier 11:47, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, with reservations: the website in question could be considered notable, as part of the rave history of the midwest and North America in general, however, this particular encyclopedia entry is useless. If a rewrite is plausible, or some formatting of whatever content is here, this could be a useful article, otherwise, delete.  Jesse 15:40, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per Clay Collier CLW 15:53, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable forum with Alexa rank of 96,867. Andrew pmk | Talk 00:17, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete pending a rewrite into a valid article, then change vote to keep. Klonimus 09:42, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Robert John Stewart

Robert John "R J" Stewart (born 1949) is a Scottish-born composer, author, and teacher. He has written over 40 books on occultism, Ceremonial magic and Celtic mythology. His books include a series on the underworld and faery traditions.

From 1980 to 1988, Stewart wrote two books about Merlin, translating and exploring medieval texts on the topic (now published in one volume as Merlin: the Prophetic Vision and Mystic Life, by Penguin Arkana). He also created the Merlin Tarot, (HarperCollins) comprising a book and a deck of cards (painted by Miranda Gray) depicting scenes from ancient Merlin texts. This deck and book have been translated into Japanese, French, Italian, and German.

From 1988 to the present, R J Stewart has taught workshops and classes on Celtic and Classical mythological traditions, music and consciousness. In 1993, he co-wrote Celtic Bards, Celtic Druids, (Published by Cassell, Blandford Press) with harper and storyteller Robin Williamson, founder of The Incredible String Band. R J Stewart teaches the Faery (Fairy) Tradition which he has explored in the books: Living World of Faery, Earthlight, Power within the Land and the Well of Light. This later book has great relevance for the increasingly important practice of "Earth Healing" which has great relevance in our modern-day crisis. As folk musician “Bob Stewart”, he made famous a folk instrument of his own design referred to on his albums as a ‘concert psaltery’. The instrument is similar to a zither, and has groups of strings laid out left to right, in triad chord groups rather than as chromatic scales. Although this can make the instrument difficult to play at speed, complex chord progressions can be easily interwoven around a basic melody.

Discography

 * Bob Stewart – The Raggle Taggle Gypsies O
 * The Journey to the Underworld
 * The Unique Sound of the Psaltery
 * Advanced Magical Arts
 * Calling in the Elements

title: Robert John Stewart


text:
User talk:Yannick Duchesne~enwiki

You were listed on the Wikipedia:Wikipedians/Canada#Québec page as living in or being associated with Québec. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians in Quebec for instructions.--Rmky87 03:29, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Yannick Duchesne. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Yannick Duchesne~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:29, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:42, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yannick Duchesne~enwiki


text:
List of Buddha claimants

This is a list of notable people who have claimed to have attained enlightenment and become buddhas, claimed to be manifestations of bodhisattvas, identified themselves as Gautama Buddha or Maitreya Buddha, or been honored as buddhas or bodhisattvas.

Claimants

 * Guan Yu - a Chinese general serving under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. Guan was deified as early as the Sui dynasty and is still worshipped by many Chinese people today, especially in southern China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and among many overseas Chinese communities. He is a figure in Chinese folk religion, popular Confucianism, Taoism, and Chinese Buddhism, and small shrines to Guan are almost ubiquitous in traditional Chinese shops and restaurants. Many Buddhists accept him as a bodhisattva that guards the Buddhist faith and temples.

 * Wu Zetian (Emperor Shengshen of Wu Zhou) - founder of the Wu Zhou dynasty of China and the only legitimate empress regnant in Chinese history. Gained popular support by advocating Buddhism but ruthlessly persecuted her opponents within the royal family (by cutting off their arms and legs and inserting them in jars) and the nobility. She proclaimed herself an incarnation of Maitreya and made Luoyang the "holy capital".
 * Gung Ye - Korean warlord and king of the short-lived state of Taebong during the 10th century. Claimed to be the living incarnation of Maitreya and ordered his subjects to worship him. His claim was rejected by most Buddhist monks and later he was dethroned and killed by his own servants.
 * Nurhaci (Emperor Taizu of Qing) - founder of the Later Jin dynasty of China. Believed he was a manifestation of Manjushri Bodhisattva.
 * Lu Zhongyi - the 17th patriarch of the I-Kuan Tao. I-Kuan Tao followers believe that he is the first leader of the "White Sun" Era, the era of the apocalypse, thus he is the incarnation of Maitreya.
 * Kalki - Many scholars and analysts claimed the Hindu Avatar Kalki as Maitreya.
 * Bahá'u'lláh - prophet of Persian origin, founder of the Baháʼí Faith stated publicly in 1863 CE that he is the promised Manifestation of God for this age predicted in all prophetic religions of the past.  Shoghi Effendi, eldest grandson and authorized interpreter of the sacred writings of Bahá'u'lláh and guardian of Baháʼí Faith from 1921 to 1957, identifies Bahá'u'lláh as "the fifth buddha" and "a Buddha named Maitreye, the Buddha of universal fellowship".
 * Mirza Ghulam Ahmad - Ghulam Ahmad has claimed many titles he says were given to him by God including being a universal prophet for all religions (including Buddhism). In 1889 he found the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, preaching Islam as a universal faith which came to support the true teachings of all other religions lost over the centuries.
 * Jim Jones - leader of the Peoples Temple cult. Jones claimed to be a living incarnation of the Buddha as well as Jesus Christ, Pharaoh Akhenaten, Father Divine and Vladimir Lenin.
 * Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh - also known as Acharya Rajneesh from the 1960s onwards, as Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh (during the 1970s and 1980s and as Osho from 1989) was an Indian mystic, guru, and spiritual teacher who garnered an international following. Osho later said he became spiritually enlightened on 21 March 1953, when he was 21 years old, in a mystical experience while sitting under a tree in the Bhanvartal Garden in Jabalpur.
 * Ariffin Mohammed - founder of the Sky Kingdom. His movement had a commune based in Besut, Terengganu, that was demolished by the Malaysian government in 2005. He also claimed to be an incarnation of the Mahdi, Muhammad, Jesus, and Shiva.
 * Lu Sheng-yen - founder and spiritual teacher of the newly created Buddhist lineage called the True Buddha School. Lu claims that in the late 1980s, he had reached enlightenment while training under a formless teacher and that he is an incarnation of Padmakumara, a deity in the Western Pure Land kingdom. He has since then been called by his followers "Living Buddha Lian Sheng". Lu has publicly stated that Living Buddha is a literal translation of the Chinese honorific 活佛, Huófó. This is the Chinese equivalent of the Tibetan terms Tulku and Rinpoche, and the Mongolian terms Khubilghan and Khutughtu.
 * Ram Bahadur Bomjon (other names Buddha Boy, Maha Sambodhi, Dharma Sangha, Maitriya Guru, Palden Dorje, Tapasvi) - a 34 year old Nepalese ascetic whom many have hailed as a new Buddha. Naming himself publicly from 2012 as "Maitriya" Guru, he and his followers openly claim that he is the awaited Maitreya Buddha. He is a controversial figure currently under investigation for rape, and separately for the disappearance of four of his ashram members.
 * B. R. Ambedkar is regarded as a Bodhisattva, the Maitreya, among the Navayana followers. In practice, the Navayana followers revere Ambedkar, states Jim Deitrick, as virtually on par with the Buddha. He is considered as the one prophesied to appear and teach the dhamma after it was forgotten, his iconography is a part of Navayana shrines and he is shown with a halo. Though Ambedkar states Navayana to be atheist, Navayana viharas and shrines features images of the Buddha and Ambedkar, and the followers bow and offer prayers before them in practice. According to Junghare, for the followers of Navayana, Ambedkar has become a deity and is devotionally worshipped.
 * L. Ron Hubbard - founder of Scientology. Hubbard had claimed he was Maitreya during his lifetime. In his 1955–1956 poem Hymn of Asia, Hubbard starts the poem by asking "Am I Metteyya?" (an alternate spelling for "Maitreya") then listing several matched traits that Hubbard claimed were predicted in the "Metteya Legend" (another alternate spelling for "Maitreya") such as coming from the West, having golden hair or red hair (Hubbard was red-haired), and showing up in a time of world peril (this poem was written during the Cold War), with the earliest of the predicted dates for Maitreya's return being 2,500 years after Gautama Buddha, or roughly 1950 (in 1950, Hubbard published his book Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health which introduced the concept of Dianetics, both the book and concept were incorporated into Scientology when he founded the religion). The scholar Stephen A. Kent has noted that these traits were not actually mentioned the Buddhist texts and some of there are actually contradicted by the texts. Kent notes that the Buddhist texts actually say that Maitreya will be born to royalty whose domain is very wealthy, prosperous and with a large population and will have black hair.

title: List of Buddha claimants


text:
The Crusaders (repeal of alcohol prohibition)

The Crusaders was an organization founded to promote the repeal of prohibition in the United States. The executive board consisted of fifty members, including Alfred Sloan, Jr., Sewell Avery, Cleveland Dodge, and Wallage Alexander. They wanted the government to create stronger laws regarding drunkenness.

Background
The organization was founded in May 1929 as a local Cleveland group under the leadership of Fred G. Clark. They were motivated to start this anti-prohibition campaign because of the St. Valentine's Day Massacre in Chicago, an outbreak of violence between rival bootleggers. In the words of the founder, Fred G. Clark, their goal was "to get the facts about prohibition, and to arouse the nation to demand repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment" said Clark. Clark would also say that he was personally motivated to organize the Crusaders due to the growing wealth of gangsters and the decline of societal law and order in the United States.

Prohibition
The Crusaders described themselves as "temperance men" who would eliminate alcohol abuse without the problems caused by Prohibition. Because of this, they were criticized by prohibitionists as "Cork-screw aiders." They realized the effects alcohol had on society but instead of altogether prohibiting alcohol, the crusaders advocated temperance. They wanted alcohol to be legal along with everyone being educated about the consequences of alcohol which encouraged temperance and moderation.

Why was prohibition introduced?
National prohibition of alcohol (1920–33) was introduced with the hopes of reducing crime and corruption, solving social problems among classes, reducing the tax burden created by prisons and poorhouses, and improving health and hygiene in America. Prohibition was also introduced in order to boost supplies of important grains like Barley. Advocates of prohibition believed that alcohol was a cause for many health problems. Alcohol damages the liver, which can lead to people needing liver transplants or dying. Moral health was also called into question. People knew that one could not control their behaviour when they were drunk. Religion, particularly Christianity, was another moral factor that led to prohibition. Many of the organizations that were pushing for prohibition were directly linked to various Christian denominations. This is true, but only if they drink alcohol in large amounts. Lastly, prohibition was introduced because it already existed in a number of states. This made it a lot easier to ban alcohol across the country as some people were already used to not drinking anyway.

Why did prohibition fail?
Prohibition was repealed in 1933 because of many reasons. One reason was that there was not enough prohibition workers to cover all of the United States and because of this, none were paid very well making most of them become corrupt and easily bribable. Another reason was the rise of organized crime centering around the lucrative smuggling and selling of alcohol. Not many people paid attention to prohibition due to this poor enforcement.

Consequences of Prohibition
There were many consequences of prohibition which led Clark to start The Crusaders. Organized crime flourished, everyday people became criminals (transporting, selling, and consuming alcohol became illegal yet everybody was still doing it and drug consumption rose. The most significant consequence of prohibition was when people started to make homemade alcohol. This was very unsafe because they were using homemade stills and stilling everything organic including couches. This was very poisonous due to the methanol produced when wood is fermented. As more homemade stills became prominent, the government started to add more poison to products such as weed killers (which was what many people were stilling to make beer). They thought this would encourage people to stop stilling their own liquor but instead it killed more people. The government officials turned a blind eye even when 33 people died over a period of just three days in Manhattan due to consuming homemade alcoholic drinks that contained lethal amounts of methanol.

Predecessors
The predecessor to the Crusaders was an organization known as the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment, or AAPA. This national organization formed before the 1920s in an effort to bring “prosperity” back to the United States and “save the constitution” by fighting for the repeal of alcohol prohibition. The Association Against the Prohibition Amendment opposed alcohol prohibition because of its negative aspects, such as bootlegging, drunkenness, and crime. The AAPA thought these national problems could only be solved by striking the 18th Amendment from the constitution, and it blamed alcohol prohibition for the country's declining economic state. In order to spread their ideas, the AAPA was very active in nationwide propaganda and had the backing of breweries, wealthy individuals, and various politicians who supported repealing the 18th Amendment. The organization controlled the policies of a large number of American periodicals, and it gave money to politicians and office holders who vowed to spread anti-prohibition propaganda to the people of the United States.

One account of the organization by a proponent of prohibition said its membership was made up of the sons of members of the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment. The Crusaders, much like the AAPA, was a temperance-driven group. The group received large-scale publicity in the United States, and it was able to exert a powerful influence through appearances in political conventions, city councils, state legislatures, and National Congress. The Crusaders believed that all people would avoid drunkenness through a proper education, and the organization advocated for legal alcohol with an intensive educational component for all Americans. One author notes that the organization's name was a clear expression of the country's changing mindset of alcohol righteousness from dry to wet.

The Crusaders along with AAPA, Voluntary Committee of Lawyers, The American Hotel Organization, and the WONPR formed the United Repeal Council. The goal of the United Repeal Council was to integrate repeal into their respective presidential election campaigns. They did this by lobbying at both the national Republican and Democratic Conventions in 1932.

Another account of the Crusaders notes that the Women's Organization for National Prohibition Reform, or WONPR, was composed of the wives of the members of the Crusaders. Both organizations held national power and had strong ties in Michigan. Women were not allowed in the Crusaders, but the WONPR and the Crusaders worked together to elect officials who declared themselves in favor of repealing the 18th Amendment, commonly referred to as “wet” republicans.

After the Eighteenth Amendment was repealed, The Crusaders turned to other governmental issues that inhibited proper function of the Federal Government.

Main Goals
The three major goals of The Crusaders were to 1) repeal Prohibition enforcement legislation by securing a liberal majority in both houses of Congress, 2) repeal the Eighteenth Amendment, and 3) promote temperance and moderation through alcohol education. They did reach most of these goals when twenty first amendment was put into place which repeals the eighteenth amendment forbidding “the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors”.

Actions
The Crusaders used similar tactics as the Women's Christian Temperance Union and the Ohio Anti-Saloon League, however the Crusader's goals were much more moderate than the previous groups. Women in these organizations marched through the town, stopping at every saloon and praying for the souls of the barkeepers and their patrons. The women also demanded that the owners sign a pledge to no longer sell alcohol. The Crusaders worked very closely with the Women's Organization for National Prohibition Reform (WONPR) but The Crusaders were made up of only men mostly under the age of 30. The Crusaders main difference from other temperance organizations was that they wanted drinking moderation through education and through the state government, instead of having the federal government outright ban alcohol.

Politics
While the Crusaders did work on the national political level, they wanted to focus most of their efforts working on the lower political level across the nation. At the start of 1930, the organization decided to organize young men nationwide. They eventually claimed membership of one million, though the claim is dubious. By January 1930, the Crusaders, drawn mainly from the ranks of the Republican Party, had acquired around 4,000 members in Cleveland, and the group decided to try to expand nationally as an organization dedicated to repealing the 18th Amendment. A goal of the Crusaders was to recruit upwards of ten million numbers, but this goal was never achieved. The organization had serious financial problems by the fall of 1931 and was never significant nationally. In Michigan, it drew its membership largely from the ranks of young, male Republicans and worked to elect "wet" Republicans to offices at all levels of government.

Propaganda
The Crusaders published a magazine called The Hot Potato, the name of which was meant to describe how prohibition was a political issue that politicians could not handle. The organization endorsed no candidate in the presidential election of 1932.

The Crusaders also issued an anti-prohibition token. This served as both a "good luck" token of the general sort, as well as a political piece in the crusade to repeal the Eighteenth Amendment. The notation of "5 Cents" is likely just to refer to the traditional "5 Cent Beer" and not to serve as a merchant token, as it carries no specific merchant advertisement.

The Crusaders printed their cause on billboards, cars, posters, magazines, and anywhere else that it could be seen. Most of their propaganda consisted of comic book-like advertisements or simply "Repeal the 18th Amendment".


text:
All or none

All or none (AON) is a finance term used in investment banking or securities transactions that refers to "an order to buy or sell a stock that must be executed in its entirety, or not executed at all". Partial execution is not acceptable; the order will execute "only if there are enough shares available in a single transaction to cover it".

An all-or-none clause in an underwriting contract or investment prospectus gives a securities issuer the right to cancel an issue in its entirety if the underwriting is not fully subscribed.

AON orders are similar to fill or kill (FOK) orders, but the former focuses on "complete vs. partial fulfillment", whereas the latter hinges on the immediacy of the transaction.

Example
If you place an AON order requesting 100 shares of JKL Co. at $2, your stockbroker will not fill that order unless they can obtain the entire 100 shares at $2; if JKL Co. shares are in such high demand that there are only 50 shares available for purchase, then you must wait until the entirety of your order, 100 shares, is available for purchase.

Disadvantages
Price inflation is the main disadvantage of AON orders.

Continuing with the previous example, let's say that three months later, your broker informs you that all 100 shares of JKL Co. are now available for purchase, but the stock price doubled from $2 to $4. Since you did not cancel this AON order, you are then forced to buy all the 100 shares of JKL Co. at double the price you intended. Using a limit order in conjunction with the AON order will prevent this from happening.

title: All or none


text:
Stefanie Zweig

Stefanie Zweig (19 September 1932 – 25 April 2014) was a German Jewish writer and journalist. She is best known for her autobiographical novel, Nirgendwo in Afrika (Nowhere in Africa) (1995), which was a bestseller in Germany. The novel is based on her early life in Kenya, where her family had fled to escape persecution in Nazi Germany. The film adaptation of the novel (2001) won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Her books have sold more than seven million copies, and have been translated into fifteen languages.

Background and career in journalism
Zweig was born in Leobschütz, Germany (now Głubczyce, Poland). She is not related to the Austrian writer, Stefan Zweig [1881-1942]. She and her parents, being Jewish, fled to Africa in 1938 to escape persecution in Nazi Germany. They went from a prosperous urban life in Breslau (now Wrocław) to a poor farm in Kenya; Zweig was five years old. Paul Vitello writes in his obituary that, "The parents endured grinding work and bouts of depression. Stefanie, who had been withdrawn, blossomed into a venturesome, Swahili-speaking teenager." In 1941, the family received a postcard from Zweig's grandmother saying, "We are very excited, we are going to Poland tomorrow". Zweig's father explained that the grandmother was being sent to the Auschwitz concentration camp, which was operated by the German occupiers of Poland. She and many others were murdered there. Zweig attended an English boarding school while in Kenya, which was a British colony at the time. Zweig's father became a British soldier during World War II (1939–1945), when Britain was fighting Germany and the other Axis powers, but in 1947 he took his wife, daughter and infant son back to Germany.

The family's original home had been in Upper Silesia, which was in the east of prewar Germany. After the war, most of the region became part of Poland and the German residents had to move. Zweig's father had been offered a position as a judge in Frankfurt in western Germany. His appointment was part of the "denazification" of the judicial system in postwar Germany; only Germans without connections to the Nazi party could serve as judges. Zweig was enrolled in the Schiller School in Frankfurt. Having become primarily an English speaker in Kenya, she needed to relearn German. She later wrote, "Learning German so that I could read and write and get rid of my English accent took me a couple of months; the assessment as to which is my mother-language is still going on. I count in English, adore Alice in Wonderland, am best friends with Winnie-the-Pooh and I am still hunting for the humour in German jokes."

After her graduation from the Schiller School in 1953, Zweig started a career as a journalist. She worked for a time as an intern and then an editor for the Offenbach section of Abendpost, a tabloid newspaper which served the Frankfurt region. From 1959 to 1988 Zweig worked in Frankfurt for Abendpost and its successor Abendpost/Nachtausgabe [ Evening Post/Night Edition ] j. She directed the arts section ("Feuilleton") from 1963. Abendpost/Nachtausgabe folded in 1988, after which Zweig became a freelance journalist and writer. Hans Riebsamen wrote in 2012 that "In retrospect, both Zweig and her readership can be happy that Abendpost/Nachtausgabe folded in 1988."

Literary career
While working for Abendpost, Zweig wrote a number of children's books, commencing with Eltern sind auch Menschen [ Parents are people too ] (1978). Her first African novel was the novel for young adults Ein Mundvoll Erde [ A Mouthful of Earth ] (1980). It describes an infatuation with a Kĩkũyũ boy; the book won several awards, including the Glass Globe of the Royal Dutch Geographical Society.

Zweig explained in an interview that the success of Ein Mundvoll Erde encouraged her to write her first novel for adults. She said, "I thought to myself, 'You really are a fool to waste all your life in a children's book, why don't you tell the true story?'" Nirgendwo in Afrika [ Nowhere in Africa ] appeared in 1995. Zweig described it simply as "the story of a courageous father who taught his daughter not to hate." The autobiographical novel recounts the Redlich family's life in Kenya from their arrival from Germany in 1938 until their return to Germany in 1947. The book was a bestseller in Germany, and launched a writing career that extended over another dozen novels. Zweig's next novel, Irgendwo in Deutschland [ Somewhere in Germany ] (1996), is a sequel describing the Redlich family's life in Germany from their return in 1947 until the death of the father from heart failure in 1958.

Zweig subsequently published the "Rothschildallee" series of four novels that appeared from 2007 to 2011; Zweig's family home in Frankfurt had long been on this street. In 2012 she published her memoir, Nirgendwo war Heimat: Mein Leben auf zwei Kontinenten [ Nowhere was Home: My Life on Two Continents ].

In all Zweig's books have sold over seven million copies and have been translated into fifteen languages. The 2002 film adaptation of Nirgendwo in Afrika was written and directed by Caroline Link. It won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, the German Film Award for Best Fiction Film, and several other prizes. While the film attracted international attention to Zweig, she was not directly involved in its making. Marlies Comjean has translated two of her novels, which appear in English as Nowhere in Africa and Somewhere in Germany; see the bibliography below. In addition to these books, Zweig had continued her work as a journalist, and up to 2013 was writing a column Meine Welt [ My World ] for the newspaper Frankfurter Neue Presse.

Zweig died on 25 April 2014 after a short illness. Her partner Wolfgang Häfele predeceased her in 2013. She had chosen to be buried in the Neuer Jüdischer Friedhof [ New Jewish Cemetery ] in Frankfurt.

Selected bibliography

 * Reissued as This book consists of the original young adult novel and an autobiographical introduction entitled "Vivian".
 * See also:
 * See also:
 * See also:
 * See also:
 * See also:

title: Stefanie Zweig


text:
User talk:RokeaWiki

You were listed on the Wikipedia:Wikipedians/Canada#Québec page as living in or being associated with Québec. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians in Quebec for instructions.--Rmky87 03:33, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:RokeaWiki


text:
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-10-17/News and notes

Checkuser proposal
A proposal to give users checkuser permissions in a way similar to RFA is currently in a straw poll voting period.

New European Union collaboration
Discovering a lack of information on Wikipedia about the European Union and its institutions, Wikipedia user The Minister of War proposed a new collaboration dedicated to improving EU-related articles. The project was announced on the European Union WikiProject, and was quickly expanded into a full collaboration project. The collaboration will choose a new article fortnightly to improve; currently Eurobarometer is the article under improvement.

Article rescue contest
The "article rescue contest", modeled after Danny's contest, continues this week. The goal is to salvage articles nominated on AFD that otherwise would get little attention, and that merit an article. Entries can either be rewrites of kept articles, or recreations of deleted articles with significant new information. The deadline for entries is 23:59 UTC on 22 October.

Wikiversity vote continues
The Wikiversity project, which currently resides on Wikibooks, started a vote on 15 September to move to wikiversity.org, which currently hosts a near-dormant German Wikiversity project. The vote will last until 1 November. Currently, the vote is about 69% in favor of the project (a two-thirds majority and board approval is required to start a project beta period).

Briefly

 * The Dutch Wikipedia has reached 100,000 articles.
 * The Vietnamese Wikipedia now has well over 2,000 registered users.
 * The Neapolitan Wikipedia has reached 100 articles.
 * The Latvian Wikipedia has reached 2,000 articles.
 * The Kurdish Wikipedia has reached 2,000 articles.
 * The French Wikipedia has reached 175,000 articles.
 * The Portuguese Wikipédia has reached 80,000 articles.
 * The Alemannic Wikipedia has reached 1,000 articles.
 * The Spanish Wikipedia has reached 70,000 articles.
 * The Russian Wikipedia has reached 35,000 articles.
 * The Chuvash Wikipedia has reached 1,000 articles.


text:
Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2005-10-17/Arbitration report

The Arbitration Committee closed one case this week against Zen-master.

Zen-master
A case against Zen-master closed this week. As a result, Zen-master has been banned for one week for personal attacks, and has been placed on probation on articles relating to race and intelligence. Zen-master had been accused of disruptive edits on race and intelligence and related articles, as well as assuming bad faith.

Other cases
Cases against 12.144.5.2 (user page, a.k.a. Louis Epstein), Rktect (user page), DreamGuy (user page), Ultramarine (user page), Maoririder (user page), Onefortyone (user page), BigDaddy777 (user page), Zephram Stark (user page), numerous editors on Bogdanov Affair, REX (user page), Everyking (user page), numerous editors on Polygamy, numerous editors on Ted Kennedy, Rangerdude (user page), and Lightbringer (user page), are in the evidence phase.

Cases against Keetowah (user page), an IP dubbed DotSix, -Ril- (user page), ArmchairVexillologistDon (user page),Stevertigo (user page), and Instantnood (user page) are in the voting phase.

A motion to close is on the table in the case against Rainbowwarrior1977 (user page).


text: User talk:129.1.200.230

title: User talk:129.1.200.230