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Okara, Pakistan

Okara (Punjabi, ), is the capital city of Okara District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The name Okara is derived from Okaan, which is the name of a type of tree. In ancient times there were a large number of Okaan trees, which is why the area was named Okara. It is the 23rd largest city of Pakistan by population. The city is located southwest of the city of Lahore and Faisalabad is 100 km bypassing the Ravi River. It is known for its agriculture-based economy and cotton mills. The nearest major city to Okara is Sahiwal, which was formerly known as Montgomery. Kasur is also located in the east of the city. Pakistan military dairy farms, known for their cheese, are situated in Okara. Pul Dhool, located near Abdulla Sugar Mill, is a town in the Okara district. Pul Dhool is on Hujra Chunian road. It is 9km from Shah Muqeem and 17km from Chunian.These farms were established before the creation of Pakistan in 1947.

Climate
The climate of Okara is usually warm and dry. The coldest months are December to February, when temperatures may drop to 3 C, with moderate rainfall. The hottest months are May to July, when temperatures may reach 45 C. The annual average rainfall in the city is approximately 390 mm.

History
Okara is a relatively new agricultural city. During the period of British rule there was a forest of Okaan where the city has been rebuilt, and from this, the name of the city was derived. During British rule, the area was part of Montgomery District and contained a large saltpeter refinery. There are many textile mills in Okara. The predominantly Muslim population supported the Muslim League and the Pakistan Movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947 the Muslim refugees settled in the Okara District. In 1982, the city became the headquarters of the newly created Okara District. Okara has had a railway line since 1892.

Okara is known for its cattle breed known as Sahiwal and a water buffalo breed known as Niliravi. It is very rich in livestock population and production. Livestock Production Research Institute Bahadar Nagar Farm is a very large government farm near Okara. The farm has many cows, buffalo, bulls (for reproduction), goats, and sheep.

Administration
The city of Okara serves as district and tehsil capital and is itself administratively subdivided into ten Union councils.

Politics
Political leaders
 * NA-135 Chaudhary Nadeem Abbas Rbaira kharal
 * NA-136 Chaudhry Riaz-ul-Haq
 * NA-137 Peer Saeyyud Ali Raza Gilaami
 * NA-138 Mian Moeen Ahmed Khan Wuttoo
 * PP-188 Mian Yawar Zaman
 * PP-189 Muneeb-ul-Haq
 * NA-143 Nadeem Abbas Rabera(2018 to 2023)

Sights

 * Mir Chakar Rind
 * Hujra Shah Muqeem
 * Satluj River

Languages
Punjabi is the most widely spoken language in Okara, with almost 95 percent of the population identifying it as their first language. The main Punjabi dialects in the area are Majhi and Jhangvi

Religion
Islam is the most followed religion in Okara.

title: Okara, Pakistan


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SERN

In rocketry, a SERN, which stands for single expansion ramp nozzle, is a type of physical linear expansion nozzle where the gas pressure transfers work only on one side. Traditional nozzles are axially symmetric, and therefore surround the expanding gas. Linear nozzles are not axially symmetric, but consist of a 2D configuration of two expansion ramps. A SERN could also be seen as a single sided aerospike engine.

Many designs for space planes with scramjet engines make use of SERNs because of the weight reduction at large expansion ratios, or the additional lift at under-expansion. The X-43, a test vehicle in NASA's Hyper-X programme, is a flying example.

One of the practical problems with the use of SERNs is the fact that they produce a pitching moment depending on the throttling of the engine, thereby requiring more control authority of the elevators, more complex control systems, etc.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: SERN


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Bank of Canada Building

The Bank of Canada Building is the head office of the Bank of Canada. It is located at 234 Wellington Street in Ottawa, Ontario.

Description
It was built from 1937-1938 by architect Sumner Godfrey Davenport of Montréal, Québec, and completed by the Toronto-based firm of Marani, Lawson and Morris. The Bank of Canada Building replaced the Victoria Building to the east of this building on Wellington Street.

It is constructed of grey granite from Québec. It is late neoclassical in style, which was a very popular style at the time for banks. The Bank of Canada Building won a number of architectural awards, including the Gold Medal from the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada.

The large bronze front doors were designed by Ulysses Ricci of New York, and decorated with facsimiles of Greek coins from the British Museum. The sculptures decorating the front facade were designed by Jacobine Jones, and they represent Canada's seven principal industries at the time: fishing, electricity, mining, agriculture, forestry, manufacturing, and construction. The cornerstone was placed by Prime Minister Mackenzie King and the Bank's first governor, Graham Towers.

Plans for additions in the 1940s and 1950s were scrapped, and while more substantial plans were drafted during the 1960s, construction was delayed due to Ottawa's already-strained construction industry, and only commenced in 1972. The glass structure behind the original 1937 building was completed in 1979 by the firm of Marani Rounthwaite & Dick (successor to Marani, Lawson and Morris) and Arthur Erickson. The building contains an enclosed courtyard with a large tropical garden bordering a shallow pool, which is very popular with wedding photographers, and a three-ton Yap Stone.

In 2000, it was named by the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada as one of the top 500 buildings produced in Canada during the last millennium.

title: Bank of Canada Building


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Casuarina, Northern Territory

Casuarina is one of the northern suburbs of Darwin, the capital of the Northern Territory of Australia. It is the traditional country and waterways of the Larrakia people.

It is home to the largest shopping centre in the Northern Territory, called Casuarina Square. Casuarina is a small suburb taking in the large shopping and business area and the adjoining emergency service facilities/ buildings.

History
Casuarina derives its name from the casuarina trees that grow along the nearby Casuarina Beach. Casuarina was the name used in the early 1960s for the proposed main business area in the northern suburbs.

Transport
Casuarina is a base for one of three interchanges for the Darwin bus service which is located at Casuarina Square, just below Woolworths. From here, travellers can ride buses directly to the Darwin or Palmerston interchanges, or on circuits which service the surrounding suburbs before returning to the Casuarina interchange. In late 2010, Vice President of The Northern Territory Transport Authority, David Rivett, authorised the introduction of the "Orbital Link" bus routes, that serve as express bus services to the Darwin and Palmerston bus interchanges. These services only run on weekdays and are intended to alleviate common travel difficulties encountered by those travelling to work and school in the peak hours of the day.

title: Casuarina, Northern Territory


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Trees of Chula Vista

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was redirect to the author John Rojas, Jr.. After looking at the article, I saw that there was very little content so I see no need to merge any of it. The consensus seems to be that the book is worthy of being mentioned, but that it does not merit a separate article. Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:28, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Trees of Chula Vista
Non-notable book about trees in Chula Vista -- Kjkolb 12:31, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, the trees were notable enough for someone to write a book about them. The book is listed at Barnes and Noble . Kappa 15:16, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, too incoherent. Pilatus 16:52, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I tweaked the article just now. The author was a remarkable local historian and `the book is unique and notable. PS, it was a pleasure to learn more about John Rojas, Jr.  Joaquin Murietta 20:27, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * see my comments below, Joaquin Murietta 16:13, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * At the moment, the article says nothing beyond the fact that the book exists. The book itself is mentioned in the article of the author, so redirect to the author, unless the article expands to tell what is actually in the book. Pilatus 20:37, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not even close. A local historian writes a local-interest (at best) book (Amazon sales ranking: None) about a southern California suburb's trees? This is a worth an encyclopedia article? Wikipedia is not a San Diego library catalog. --Calton | Talk 00:21, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN --Rogerd 04:10, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The book is already mentioned in John Rojas, Jr.. This page is zero-content. "A book exists" and "this guy wrote it" is not an encyclopedia article. Quale 06:23, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect to author's page, which wasn't created until after I nominated the book for deletion. -- Kjkolb 11:32, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with Redirect to author's article -- John Rojas, Jr.  Joaquin Murietta 16:13, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Airy Castle

Airy Castle is a village in the Jamaican parish of Saint Thomas.

title: Airy Castle


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FIH Group

FIH Group plc (stylized as FIH group) or FIH (formerly Falkland Islands Holdings) is a British conglomerate which operates in the Falkland Islands through the Falkland Islands Company. Its other main businesses are the Portsmouth Harbour Ferry Company, which operates the Gosport Ferry in the south of England, and a London-based art storage and transport company called Momart.

1997–2016: Falkland Island Holdings
In 1997, Anglo United, which had an unsustainable amount of debt, underwent a capital reconstruction and distributed shares in Falkland Islands Holdings plc to its shareholders. Anglo United shareholders received 1 share in FIH for every 300 shares of AU.

in January 1998 FIH was first listed on the London Stock Exchange, with £2m of debt the issue price of 100p. The company was capitalised at £6 million. In January 2003 FIH share listing moved to the AIM market.

In February 2004 Falkland Gold and Minerals Limited (FGML) was established with financing to carry out an aero magnetic survey of the Falklands to exploit its exploration licence covering the whole of the Island. In June 2004 Falkland Oil and Gas Limited (FOGL) was established with financing to carry out a 2D seismic survey over its 33,000 km2 offshore licence to the South and East of the Falklands. In October 2004 FOGL raised £12m and its shares were admitted to AIM, capitalising the company at £32m. In December 2004 FGML raised £10m and shares admitted to AIM, FOGL was granted an exploration licence over a further 50,000 km2 to the South and East of the islands and FIH acquired Portsmouth Harbour Ferry Company for £7.5m.

In June 2005 FOGL raised £10 million through an institutional placing. FIH subscribes £2m increasing its share holding to 18.3%. In February 2006, FIH sold 1.8m shares in (FOGL), realising £2.4m and reducing its holding back to 16.3%. In December 2006, FOGL raised an £8m convertible loan to fund its ongoing exploration programme.

In January 2007 FIH sold 100% of its holding in FGML for 6p per share to RAB Capital and in October 2007 FOGL announced a farm-in deal with BHP Billiton to fund drilling programme in South Atlantic.

In March 2008 FIH acquired 100% of Momart, a UK market leader in the handling and storage of fine art and antiquities, for £10.27m.

In November 2009 FIH sold 3 million shares in FOGL after the placing earlier in the month generating proceeds of £3.6 million and a profit of £3.0 million at a price of 119 pence per share. This reduced FIH's holding to 12.0 million shares (8.2%).

In January 2012 FIH participated in the placing of new shares by FOGL by subscribing for 2 million new shares at a cost of £0.86 million (43 pence per share). FIH's holding in FOGL shares was increased to 14 million shares (4.4%).

In July 2012, FIH raised £10.0 million gross from a share issue at 320p per share. £8.0 million was subscribed by Blackfish Capital and £2.0 million was raised from an Open Offer to the existing shareholders. The proceeds from the share issue were used to develop the group's assets in the Falkland Islands in anticipation of the economic growth that the board believed would follow. In July 2012, FIH sold 1.2 million shares in FOGL for £1.01 million (86 pence per share), generating a profit of £0.77 million and reducing its holding to 12.8 million shares (4.0%).

In March 2015 FIH sold 7.825 million shares in FOGL for £1.6 million (29 pence per share), generating a profit of £0.7 million and reducing its holding to 5.0 million shares (0.9%).

In May 2015, the last 5 million shares in Falkland Oil & Gas ("FOGL") were sold for £1.4 million, generating a profit of £0.4 million for the Group.With the sale of these 5 million shares, FIH completed the realisation of its investment in FOGL. Over the last 10 years since FOGL's flotation, FIH has generated over £8 million in cash proceeds and £5 million in profits from its highly successful investment in FOGL

In January 2016 the company had a capital reorganisation involving a share consolidation (1,000 to 1) and split (1 to 1,000) decreasing the number of shareholders from 2,139 to 510.

2016–present: FIH Group
September 2016 the group changed its name to FIH Group plc to more properly reflect the balance of the group's activities which are now predominantly in Europe and the UK. Despite this change of name, the group's Falklands business, the Falklands Islands Company ("FIC"), remains a core part of the Group.

In February 2017 Staunton Holdings made a takeover offer of £3 per share with a total value of £37.3 Million. In March, Dolphin fund owned by billionaire Eduardo Elsztain requested information about the company in order to make its own takeover bid. In response Staunton reduced the requirement of 90% of the share capital to be purchased from the offer to 50%. The announcement of a potential takeover by an Argentinian group gained press coverage due to the highly political nature of the islands. In April, Staunton Holdings' offer failed to gain enough shares, resulting in a withdrawal of the takeover and sale of Blackfish's (a Staunton affiliated company) 20% shareholding in the company.

In November 2021 the Board announced that John Foster would step down from his position as CEO after 17 years and be succeeded by Stuart Munro.

Financial information and holdings
FIH shares have traded on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) in London since 13 January 2003. In July 2010, FIH's market value was around £36m. It made a pretax profit of £5.669m in the year ended 31 March 2010 on revenue of £29.224m. £3.3m came from the sale of shares in Falkland Oil and Gas in November 2009.

title: FIH Group


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Bible study

Bible study or Biblical study may refer to:

 * Biblical studies, the academic application of a set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Bible
 * Bible study (Christianity), the study of the Bible by ordinary people as a personal religious or spiritual practice
 * Religious education, the teaching of a particular religion and its varied aspects

title: Bible study


text:
Aisby, South Kesteven

Aisby is a village in the civil parish of Heydour, in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 1 mi north from the A52 road and 6 mi north-east from Grantham.

Aisby is written in the Domesday Book as "Asebi".

Once a small hamlet belonging to the nearby Culverthorpe Estate, the village was sold off in lots in 1918 and is now expanded with additional building of housing since 1990. Aisby has other spellings in official records, including censuses, such as "Azeby" or "Hazeby".

title: Aisby, South Kesteven


text:
File:Helmeted guineafowl 2.jpg

Summary
Helmeted Guineafowl, taken in the Pilanesburg National Park, October 12 2004 by Jonathan Beeston.

title: File:Helmeted guineafowl 2.jpg


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Roger O'Donnell

Roger O'Donnell (born 29 October 1955) is an English keyboardist best known as a longtime member of The Cure, which he first joined in 1987 and for which he has served three different tenures. O'Donnell has also performed as a touring and session keyboardist for many artists and maintains an active solo career.

Career
O'Donnell was born in East London into a musical family, next to the piano in his parents' home. O'Donnell briefly attended art school but left to pursue a career as a professional musician; his first paying gig was in 1976, backing Arthur Brown. He also played in local bands, primarily in the jazz fusion genre, with future Cure bandmate Boris Williams.

O'Donnell joined Thompson Twins as touring keyboardist in 1983, playing alongside Williams. During this period he also served as a session and touring keyboardist for Berlin and the Psychedelic Furs. O'Donnell began a long association with synthesizers produced by Sequential Circuits, and while performing with the Psychedelic Furs he set a record for having the most Sequential models onstage at one time.

In 1987, O'Donnell was recruited to join The Cure as touring keyboardist, at the recommendation of Williams who had been the band's drummer since 1984. The Cure needed an additional keyboardist to supplement founding member Lol Tolhurst, who had become unreliable due to alcohol abuse. O'Donnell joined just before the release of the album Kiss Me Kiss Me Kiss Me and appeared in the videos for two of that album's singles, though he did not play on the studio recordings.

At the end of the ensuing tour, group leader Robert Smith invited O'Donnell to join the Cure as an official member. O'Donnell was a major contributor to their 1989 album Disintegration. Unhappy with the large stadium-sized shows that the Cure played during that album's tour, and with personal differences among bandmates, O'Donnell left the band for the first time in 1990.

O'Donnell self-released the solo album Grey Clouds Red Sky in 1994. During this period, Smith revamped the lineup of the Cure due to multiple recent departures and invited O'Donnell to rejoin in early 1995. O'Donnell played on the band's next three albums: Wild Mood Swings, Bloodflowers, and The Cure. He was dismissed by Smith in 2005 in another revamping of the band's lineup.

O'Donnell released three solo albums in the following years, including The Truth in Me, and formed a record label called 99X/10 with longtime partner Erin Lang. He also contributed to a documentary about synthesizer pioneer Bob Moog. In 2011 he and former Cure bandmate Lol Tolhurst discussed a collaboration to commemorate the band's early albums. The Cure themselves had been discussing such a project of their own, and O'Donnell and Tolhurst joined the band onstage at the Sydney Opera House in Australia. O'Donnell then officially rejoined the Cure and remains with the band to the present day.

In 2019, O'Donnell was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Cure. Since rejoining the band, he has continued to release solo works regularly, most recently the album 2 Ravens in 2020; and composed a classical suite called "Quieter Trees" for orchestral performance.

Albums and compositions

 * Grey Clouds, Red Sky (1994, re-released 2005)
 * The Truth in Me (2006)
 * Songs from the Silver Box (2009)
 * Piano Formations (2010)
 * Love and Other Tragedies (2015)
 * 2 Ravens (2020)
 * 7 Different Words for Love (2022)

EPs

 * Charlie Crow – Trains on Bridges (2009)

Songs and scores

 * "Another Year Away", song to the film score for the documentary Moog (2004)
 * "Another Name" from Nothing Concrete – 99X/10 Label Sampler (2006)
 * "Quieter Trees" (2011)
 * Requiem (2012)
 * The Bernhard Suite (2013)

title: Roger O'Donnell


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Pierre Bonnet

Pierre Bonnet may refer to:

 * (fl. 1585), French composer
 * Pierre Ossian Bonnet (1819–1892), French mathematician
 * Pierre Bonnet (naturalist) (1897–1990), French arachnologist
 * Pierre Bonnet (boxer) (1910–1983), French boxer

title: Pierre Bonnet


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Aisgill

Aisgill is the southernmost of the hamlets that form the parish of Mallerstang in the English county of Cumbria. It is on the B6259 road, at the head of Mallerstang dale, just before the boundary between Cumbria and North Yorkshire.

The highest waterfall on the River Eden, Hellgill Force, with a drop of about 9.75 metres (according to recent measurements) is just to the north, at. The river itself rises (at first as Red Gill beck, later becoming Hell Gill beck) below Hugh Seat in the peat bogs above here. It finally becomes the river Eden after merging with the Ais Gill beck, which flows down from Wild Boar Fell.

Aisgill is at both a county and a natural geographical boundary. It is at the watershed (sometimes called "the watershed of England") from which the Eden flows north towards the Irish Sea via the Solway Firth, while the River Ure flows south towards Wensleydale, and eventually into the North Sea.

Swarth Fell frames the western side of the head of Mallerstang dale, and from Aisgill there is a view along the steep, narrow valley, with Mallerstang Edge and High Seat framing the eastern side. But the view at Aisgill is dominated by the great table-top bulk of Wild Boar Fell, to the south-west.

The Settle-Carlisle Railway reaches its highest point at "Aisgill Summit" 356 m; and there is a small viaduct where the line crosses Ais Gill beck. There have been three notable rail accidents nearby: the Hawes Junction rail crash in 1910, one in 1913 and most recently in 1995.

External links and references

 * A Virtual Walk through Mallerstang
 * Commemoration of those who died on this section of the Settle-Carlisle railway

title: Aisgill


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M32R

The M32R is a 32-bit RISC instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Mitsubishi Electric for embedded microprocessors and microcontrollers. The ISA is now owned by Renesas Electronics Corporation, and the company designs and fabricates M32R implementations. M32R processors are used in embedded systems such as Engine Control Units, digital cameras and PDAs. The ISA was supported by Linux and the GNU Compiler Collection but was dropped in Linux kernel version 4.16. GCC removed support for this architecture in the GCC 12.1 release.

title: M32R


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Universidad de Corinthians

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 16:14, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Universidad de Corinthians
This article is about a soccer club, but it makes no assertions of notability and the only Google results are Wikipedia mirrors. If someone can prove notability, fine, otherwise delete. -- Kjkolb 12:37, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Universidad de Corinthian is one of two clubs that partake in the Albany Cup. The Cup is noted on a national level due to its eclectic mix of players. Many involved are artists, writers, succesful business people or part of the fringe scene in Ireland (even a body builder). The tournament get s varied coverage at national level and much at regional - Dublin & Wexford/Waterford. I urge that this page not be deleted. Coleman Liam Hudson, Chairman UdC (preceding unsigned comment by )
 * Delete. Unable to verify the clubs existence. Probably an amateur team taking their name from Universidad de Chile and Corinthians. --GraemeL (talk) 13:06, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - as per above CLW 15:37, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete NN --Rogerd 04:10, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * If they are notable, please add verifiable sources for these claims. Until then, delete. --fvw *  16:38, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I left a note on the IPs talk page asking for some links to press coverage. --GraemeL (talk) 17:23, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete - seems non-notable, per User:GraemeL. If this is kept though, I demand an article for Dukla Pumpherston be allowed to stand. =:-)  -- Cactus.man   ✍  18:18, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * For those not in the know, Dukla Pumpherston is an ironic amalgamation of the name of football team Dukla Prague, who competed in regular European football competition in the 1970's, and the village of Pumpherston in Scotland. -- Cactus.man  ✍  18:24, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Falkland Islands Company

The Falkland Islands Company Ltd is a diversified goods and services company owned by FIH Group. Known locally as FIC, it was founded in 1851 and was granted a royal charter to trade in 1852 by Queen Victoria. It was originally founded by Samuel Fisher Lafone to exploit wild cattle in East Falkland, but they gave way to sheep farming and then to a range of trading activities in the Falkland Islands ranging from retail shops and cafés to insurance and vehicle hire.

19th century
Livestock were introduced to the Falklands by early settlers and the resulting feral populations were exploited on a small scale by those that followed them. Initially the emphasis was on cattle, in fact the islands' flag showed a bullock until the 1930s. In March 1846 a contract was awarded to Samuel Fisher Lafone, a Liverpudlian operating a hides and tallow business in Montevideo, Uruguay. Under the contract Lafone was to rent what was to become known as Lafonia, the part of East Falkland south of the isthmus that connects the two halves of the island. The first British Governor, Richard Clement Moody had estimated Lafonia to be 200 square leagues (1384 sqmi), but it turned out to be half that size and the cattle, previously estimated at 100,000 head were probably never more than 30,000. In 1846 he sent gauchos who settled at Hope Place just south of the isthmus, and by 1849 they had built a peat wall, the "Boca" wall across the isthmus to contain the livestock.

But as well as there being far fewer cattle than expected, many proved to be of poor quality and Lafone's business was not a success. By 1849 he and his brother Alexander Ross Lafone were negotiating with their creditors to launch a joint stock company named "The Royal Falkland Land, Cattle,Seal and Fishery Company". A new contract was signed on 9 January 1850 under which the Lafones would buy the land south of the isthmus and have exclusive rights to "all wild horses, horned cattle, sheep, goats and swine upon the Falkland Islands" and exclusive rights to supply beef to government and visiting ships until 1 January 1856. The Lafones would pay £30,000 for this, made up of £10,000 they had paid in 1846, £10,000 immediately and five annual payments of £2,000 from 1852. The company was formed in January 1851 and the Charter of Incorporation was signed 23 December 1851. On receiving its Royal Charter on 10 January 1852, the company was renamed to The Falkland Islands Company Limited and the Lafones owned 32.1% of it, split equally between the two brothers.

They appointed their brother-in-law John Pownall Dale as manager in the islands, and on 19 June 1852 the Record set sail from Liverpool with 45 settlers, 46 Cheviot sheep and a Galloway bull. However the island as a whole lost about a third of its cattle in the severe winter of 1852 (although sheep continued to increase) and the company sold just 20% of the hides expected in the business plan. Dale was dismissed in 1853 to be replaced by Thomas Havers, and Samuel Lafone was removed from the board. Dale strongly promoted sheep as being more profitable than cattle but lasted just 5 years before being replaced by James Lane. The company moved its headquarters from Hope Place to Darwin in 1857 by which time most of the wild cattle on East Falkland had been killed, and they would finally be wiped out in Lafonia in 1883. The Lafone contract for supplying beef to Stanley had expired in 1860 and Lane wanted to improve the profitability of the cattle by salting their meat so he built an abattoir and salting house at Hope Place. In August 1867 Lane was succeeded by Frederick Cobb. In 1880 he proposed the elimination of the company's tame cattle herd on economic grounds, and he got his wish after the tallow factory at Goose Green exploded in 1885. Henceforth the company's farming would depend on sheep and not cattle.

By this time the company was smaller than the rival firm of Dean & Sons based in West Falkland but in 1888 it used shares to buy the trading business (but not the farms) of Deans, which acted as agent for farmers, and operated the West Store in the capital Stanley. The company was also a Lloyd's Agent and owned a hotel and other property assets in the islands.

20th century
The year 1913 brought a regular shipping service to Montevideo. In the 1930s the company was regularly transporting wool to Montevideo using the ships Fitzroy and Lafonia. By 1945 the Falkland island company acquired farm property in the Falklands, amounting to total agricultural land holdings reaching 1.2m acres and 300,000 sheep. In 1962 FIC shares listed on the London Stock Exchange. making it a public company. In 1971 The company's last regular ship – the Darwin, stopped travelling between the Falklands and Montevideo.

In 1972, FIC was acquired by The Dundee Perth and London Shipping Company Limited which was then purchased by Coalite Group plc.

In 1989, FIC's owners Coalite were acquired by Anglo United plc in a leveraged buyout.

In 1991, FIC's agricultural land holdings, four farms consisting of 25% of the land of the Falkland Islands, were sold to the Falkland Islands Government following the Shackleton report.

in 1997, Anglo United, which had an unsustainable amount of debt, underwent a capital reconstruction and distributed shares in Falkland Islands Holdings plc to its shareholders. For every 300 Anglo United shares, shareholders received,one share in Falkland Islands Holdings. At this point the Falkland Islands Company became a full subsidiary of Falkland Islands Holdings, and its name changed to FIH Group in September 2016.

Businesses
Retail & Distribution Automotive
 * The West Store Shopping Complex:
 * The West Store Foodhall, featuring supplies from Waitrose, Tesco and Iceland.
 * The West Store Café Stanley.
 * FIC Clothing.
 * FIC Electrical Store.
 * The Capstan Gift Shop.
 * Crozier Place:
 * Home Builder, DIY and builders' merchant.
 * Home Living, home improvements store.
 * Crozier Place Café.
 * The West Store at RAF Mount Pleasant:
 * The West Store MPC.
 * The West Store Café MPC.
 * FIC Warehouse, wholesale sales with chilled & frozen storage.

 * Falklands 4x4 is a Land Rover dealership, a JCB agency, Castrol Oil's agency and boat maintenance service.
 * Hire and lease fleet on the islands.

Property

 * SAtCO (South Atlantic Construction company) is a joint venture company with Trant Engineering, established in June 2012 and provides construction for large scale building, civil and engineering projects across the Falklands.
 * The FIC owns 70 residential and commercial properties for let, as well as 400 acres of prime land, much with planning permission.

Insurance
 * Caribbean Alliance Insurance Company agent, provides a range of insurance services, including motor, buildings, public liability and contract risk for buildings under construction.
 * Lloyd's Agents for the Falkland Islands dealing with cargo surveys and other reporting.'''

Building and Electrical
 * Falklands Building Services and Falklands Electrical Services, providing new home builds and maintenance services.

Penguin Travel
 * Coach and mini bus provider for local airport transfers, connections and tours.
 * Driving school for cars, minibuses, heavy good vehicles (HGV) and public services vehicles (PSV).

Haulage & Groundworks
 * Fleet of HGV tippers and tractor units available to hire and for contract work.

Fishing Agency: Acting as agent for over 100 fishing vessels and for cruise ships belonging to Holland America, Seabourn, Celebrity and Princess Lines, supported by its own fleet of launches and a work boat.

Flights: Agent for the MoD Airbridge service for AirTanker flights between RAF Brize Norton in Oxfordshire and RAF Mount Pleasant.

Falklands Removal Services: Agent for both Whites and Crown Removals with worldwide connections available.

Falklands Shipping: Shipping commercial and private containers between the UK and the Falklands on the MoD FIRS vessels southwards and wool shipments northwards.

Security: Contracted by the Falkland Islands Government (FIG) for the provision of security services at Mount Pleasant Complex for the second commercial flight from South America.

title: Falkland Islands Company


text: Category:Ships sunk by Soviet submarines


text: User talk:84.163.107.91

title: User talk:84.163.107.91


text: Talk:Opposite day

title: Talk:Opposite day


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Narcondam Island

Narcondam, India's easternmost island, is a small volcanic island located in the northern Andaman Sea. The island's peak rises to 710 m above mean sea level, and it is formed of andesite. It is part of the Andaman Islands, the main body of which lie approximately 74 km to the west. The island is part of the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The island is small, covering an area of approximately 7.6 square kilometres. It was classified as a active volcano by the Geological Survey of India.

Etymology
The name Narcondam could have been derived from the Tamil word naraka-kundram (நரககுன்றம்), meaning "a pit of Hell," although this may be the result of confusion between it and Barren Island.

History
Until 1986 Burma claimed sovereignty over the island. This claim was given up on reaching agreement with India on the delimitation of the maritime boundary between the two nations in the Andaman Sea, the Coco channel and the Bay of Bengal. A lighthouse was established on the slopes of Narcondam in 1983.

Geography and Geology
The island lies 256 km northeast from Port Blair. Further to the south west (approximately 150 km) lies the active volcano island of Barren Island. Narcondam Island is about 260 km miles from Burma, and is almost 1300 km miles from Vishakhapatnam (part of the mainland of India). It belongs to the East Volcano Islands. The island is small, having an area of 7.63 km2.

The island is largely forested. The island is formed from a volcano, which had not known to have been active in recent times, until on 8 June 2005 there were reports of "mud and smoke" being ejected from the volcano. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake is thought to have caused magma to move underground and may be related to the current activity. If the reports were accurate this would alter the scientific status of Narcondam to active. Narcondam Island holds the easternmost point of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Narcondam Mountain
Narcondam Island's volcanic mountain, at 710 meters is the second tallest point in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the first being Saddle Peak, North Andaman Island at 752 meters.

Administration
Narcondam Island belongs to the North and Middle Andaman administrative district, and is part of Diglipur Taluk. The village is near the Police station.

Transportation
Narcondam Island is accessible through ships that run from Diglipur. A helicopter facility is also available.

Demographics
There is only one village. According to the 2011 census of India, the Island has one household. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged six and below) is 100%.

The 16 residents (all supervisory police personnel) are all living in a single household on the northeast corner. They harvest coconuts and bananas on a small plantation near the post.

Scuba diving at Narcondam
The waters surrounding Narcondam Island are a diving destination. Narcondam's prime dive sites include rocky ridges and steep slopes like Chimneys, Ooh La La and Lighthouse Reef, where massive barrel sponges, huge gorgonian fans and lush soft corals thrive. Fish life can include Napoleon wrasse, bumphead parrotfish and mantas, as well as occasional whitetip and gray reef sharks. Another special place is HQ Pinnacle, where a submerged rock formation acts as a magnet for dogtooth tuna and hundreds of bigeye trevally. For a more tranquil setting, several bays around the island offer gently sloping terrain populated with fields of hard corals and colorful reef fish.

The island is very remote and diving is accessible only via a live-aboard.

Fauna

About 25-32 bird species, both resident and migratory, have been recorded from the island. Of these, the most famous is the Narcondam hornbill (Rhyticeros narcondami), a threatened hornbill that is endemic to the island. The closest living relative of the bird is the Blyth's hornbill (Rhyticeros plicatus). It has the smallest range of any Asian hornbill and only has a population of between 300 and 650 individuals, but still has a stable population.

As Narcondam is a small volcanic island, not connected to any significant land mass, terrestrial mammalian fauna is of low diversity. However, the island flying fox (Pteropus hypomelanus) and Sikkim rat (Rattus andamanensis) are the most common native mammals on this island. An unidentified small bat was also seen on a survey. Introduced goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) and cats (Felis catus) were formerly present on the island, threatening native fauna, but almost all of them have since been removed. In 2020, a new species of Crocidura shrew was discovered on the island, which was described in 2021 as the Narcondam shrew (Crocidura narcondamica). It and the Narcondam hornbill are presently the only two known endemic fauna of the island.

There are several species of reptile on the island. The most common reptile on the island is the spotted forest skink (Sphenomorphus maculatus), which closely resembles populations of the species from northeast India. Tytler's skink (Eutropis tytleri), a large skink endemic to the Andamans, is also common on the island, with the Narcondam variants being slightly smaller than those on the main Andamans. The Andaman Islands day gecko (Phelsuma andamanensis), Andaman bent-toed gecko (Cyrtodactylus rubidus), Andaman giant gecko (Gekko verrauxi), and Anderson's day gecko (Cnemaspis andersonii), which are all gecko species endemic to the Andaman-Coco island chain, have also been found on Narcondam. The Andaman water monitor (Varanus salvator andamanensis) is the only large predator on the island and preys on the Narcondam hornbill, especially its young. The paradise flying snake (Chrysopelea ornata) has been reported from the island in past surveys. The blue-lipped sea krait (Laticauda laticaudata) is seen in the waters around Narcondam Island.

Narcondam Island Wildlife Sanctuary
Narcondam Island Wildlife Sanctuary is notified as a protected reserve by the government of India. It is also listed on the UNESCO's tentative Lists of World Heritage Sites. The island was notified as a sanctuary to protect and monitor the Narcondam hornbill.

Flora
Narcondam Island is almost entirely covered with evergreen and moist deciduous forest. Grassy slopes dominate the southern and southeast aspects of the hill (BirdLife International 2001). The island is covered with tropical evergreen forest, semi-evergreen forest, moist deciduous forest, littoral forest and mangrove forest (Pande et al. 1991). The island bears old, dead and decaying trees, interlaced with thorny creepers and luxuriantly flowering tall trees (Yahya and Zarri 2002a). The flora on the higher reaches of the hill is mostly evergreen and consists of Dipterocarpus, Sideroxylon and Ficus trees. However, some deciduous species such as Bombax insigne are also present. The vegetation towards the summit is mostly Moist Evergreen with several epiphytes. The lower hills following the shoreline have both deciduous and evergreen trees such as Terminalia catappa, T. bialata and Caryota mitis. The shoreline has some introduced species such as coconut and banana.

Radar station
The Indian Coast Guard proposed the construction of a coastal surveillance radar installation on Narcondam Island and had requested for the release of 0.64 ha of forest area for the purpose. This was turned down by the MOEF of UPA govt as it would endanger the population of endemic hornbills while other alternative sites existed for the siting of the radar. As of 10 June 2014, MOEF has given clearance for the Radar station. Union minister for environment and forests, Prakash Javadekar gave the approval. However, the plan was subsequently modified and as of 2020, no radar installation has been built on the island.

title: Narcondam Island


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Aish, Stoke Gabriel

Aish is a hamlet in the English county of Devon, near the village of Stoke Gabriel.

Aish House is a Grade II listed 19th century house on the south side of Aish Road.

There is also a hamlet just outside South Brent with the same name.

title: Aish, Stoke Gabriel


text:
Wheatley, Oxfordshire

Wheatley is a village and civil parish in South Oxfordshire, England, about 5 mi east of Oxford. The parish includes the hamlet of Littleworth, which is west of Wheatley.

Archaeology
There was a Roman villa on Castle Hill, about 1 mi southeast of the parish church. It was excavated in 1845, when Roman coins dating from AD 260 to 378 and fragments of Roman pottery and Roman tiles were found.

Manor
The village had its beginnings in the Anglo-Saxon era. It is in a valley running eastwards, the stream of which flows through the centre of the village to join the River Thame, a tributary of the River Thames. The stream used to be in the open, with stepping stones for people to cross it. However, it is now in a culvert that runs along under the High Street.

In 1883 a Saxon cemetery was excavated, and artefacts removed from it are housed in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. In the 13th century Wheatley was part of the property of Abingdon Abbey, and in 1279 was described as a hamlet of Cuddesdon.

Wheatley manor house was enlarged and improved in 1601, and bears an inscription on the front stating T.A. 1601, which stands for Thomas Archdale, the then owner. It still retains its original appearance whereas most of the other old cottages and buildings have been restored.

Churches
The parish church of Wheatley is St Mary the Virgin and was built during the 18th century. Samuel Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford, disliked it and had it rebuilt in the 1850s by the Oxford Diocesan architect, GE Street. Its tower has a ring of six bells, four of which were cast in 1794 for the 18th-century church. There is also a Russian bell from Troitsa, thought to have been claimed as a spoil of war and given to the church early in the 20th century.

The Congregational church was built in 1842–43 on the site of the former tannery. It is now a United Reformed Church.

Wheatley's Roman Catholic church is Our Lady of Lourdes in Crown Road. It is part of the parish of Corpus Christi, Headington.

Wheatley Community Church is an evangelical church that formed in 2015. It meets weekly in the primary school.

There was an independent church in the old Granary building at 30 Church Road.

All the churches in Wheatley are now in a Local Ecumenical Partnership which also includes the parish church of Saint Bartholomew in Holton.

Economic and social history
One of Wheatley's main industries was quarrying limestone which was used for building Windsor Castle, Merton College, local cottages and ecclesiastical buildings, most of which were erected between the 13th and 18th centuries. Other occupations included faggot cutting and ochre cutting, the ochre being crushed at the windmill which still stands today.

There were two windmills on the hill southwest of the village. One was a post mill that burned down in 1875. The other, Wheatley Mill, is an octagonal tower mill that dates from before 1671. It has been rebuilt and re-equipped a number of times, including in 1763 after a fire and in 1784 when the Eagle Ironworks, Oxford supplied some of the machinery. The tower mill had fallen out of use by 1914, and lightning struck it in 1939.

Wheatley once had ten pubs. A plaque on a gable of the King's Arms in Church Street says that it was built in 1756.

In 1719 the Stokenchurch Turnpike Act turned the main road into a turnpike. Stagecoaches between the Golden Cross in Oxford and London travelled via the Old Road over Shotover Plain to the west of the village. Many of Wheatley's inns had an upper entrance in Church Road and another in the High Street to accommodate the change of horses. The George coaching inn opposite the manor house is now a house with courtyards.

The village lock-up, built in 1834, is a stone building in the shape of a hexagonal pyramid, near the edge of the former quarry. It has a heavy padlocked door and the floor space is about 6 ft square with a headroom of about 8 ft. In the 19th century it was used to lock up drunks overnight before sending them to the Oxford court. More recently it has been opened every May Day. For a small charge visitors can be locked up for five minutes or so, and given a certificate to prove it.

Wheatley railway station was opened in 1864 as part of an extension of the Wycombe Railway from Thame to Oxford. The railway linked the village to Oxford, Princes Risborough, High Wycombe and Maidenhead. British Railways closed the line and Wheatley station in 1963. Kelham Hall Drive and Kimber Close have been built on the site of the station.

Shotover Park was the home of Lt Col Sir John Miller, who was Crown Equerry to Queen Elizabeth II. In 1888 his grandmother gave the building called the Merry Bells to the villagers as a temperance hotel as she was saddened to see so much hardship caused by drunkenness. Today the building houses a public library and is a social centre of the village. Ironically, it now has a licence to serve alcoholic drinks.

In the 20th century the Lady Spencer Churchill teacher training college was built on the north side of Wheatley. In 1976 the college merged with Oxford Polytechnic, which has since become Oxford Brookes University. The Oxford Brookes Wheatley campus is set to close in 2024 to be replaced by housing as the campus is being moved to the Headington Campus

In 1974 the M40 motorway was extended from High Wycombe to Junction 8 at Chilworth, about 2+1/2 mi east of Wheatley, giving the village a fast road link to London. In 1990 the M40 extension was completed, giving Wheatley a fast road link to Birmingham. The extension includes Junction 8A and Oxford Services about 1+1/2 mi east of the village.

In 2020 Wheatley was awarded Fairtrade Village status as part of the Fairtrade Town initiative.

Governance
Wheatley has three tiers of local government, at parish, district, and county level: Wheatley Parish Council, South Oxfordshire District Council, and Oxfordshire County Council. Wheatley Parish Council generally meets at the Merry Bells village hall at 89 High Street, and its office is at 89A High Street in the same building.

Wheatley was historically a hamlet in the parish of Cuddesdon, which was part of Bullingdon Hundred. Wheatley gradually gained its independence from Cuddesdon, having its own chapel by 1427, appointing its own church wardens by the sixteenth century, and finally being made a separate parish in 1854. From 1835 Wheatley was included in the Headington Poor Law Union.

The parish of Wheatley was made a local board district on 4 November 1857, with a local board established to look after public health and local government. Under the Local Government Act 1894, local boards became urban districts on 31 December 1894. Wheatley was relatively small for an urban district, with its population by 1931 only having reached 1,268 people. Wheatley Urban District was abolished under a County Review Order, with the area becoming part of Bullingdon Rural District on 1 April 1932. Wheatley Parish Council was established at the same time. Bullingdon Rural District in turn was abolished in 1974, becoming part of South Oxfordshire.

Amenities
Wheatley has a Church of England county primary school and a County Council secondary school.

Wheatley has a post office, an Asda superstore with a petrol filling station, a Co-Op pharmacy, several shops in the High Street, and numerous village societies, including the Wheatley Society and a Village Produce Association which holds an annual show.

Wheatley has a few pubs, including:
 * The Cricketers Arms, Littleworth (currently closed)
 * The King's Arms, Church Road
 * The King and Queen, High Street
 * The Sun Cafe + Bar, Church Road

Wheatley has a Rugby Union Football Club that with two senior teams. Its First XV plays in the Berks/Bucks & Oxon Premier League. The club also offers junior rugby from ages seven onwards.

Buses
The Oxford Bus Company route 46 links Wheatley and Littleworth with Oxford via Horspath and Cowley, and to Great Milton in the opposite direction and route 400/NU1 links Wheatley with Harcourt Hill via Oxford. The Arriva route X7 and Redline Buses route X20 links Wheatley to Aylesbury via Thame and Haddenham (X7 only) and to Oxford via Headington in the opposite direction. The Carousel Buses 275 links Wheatley to High Wycombe via Chinnor and to Oxford via Headington.

title: Wheatley, Oxfordshire