text: User talk:82.39.24.38

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:82.39.24.38


text:
Category:Radio stations in Ireland

This category relates to radio stations in the island of Ireland as a whole, including both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

title: Category:Radio stations in Ireland


text:
Talk:Covenanter tank

 * '' "...influenced by the Soviet T-28."

Really? It looks more like it has something in common with BT tanks or the T-34. —Michael Z. 2005-10-13 00:04 Z

 * I agree, it also looks a lot like its predecessor - so more checking required before that line goes back in. GraemeLeggett 09:09, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * wwiivehicles.com says "Inspired by Russian T-28" and doesn't elaborate on the subject.

 * wwiivehicles.com Cruiser III article says: "Lt. Col. G. le Q Martel saw Russian BT tanks in manoeuvers and suggested the war office adopt the Christie suspension. Morris Commercial Ltd. built prototypes based on 2 Christie tanks purchased in 1936. (source: The Encyclopedia of Tanks and Armored Fighting Vehicles - The Comprehensive Guide to Over 900 Armored Fighting Vehicles From 1915 to the Present Day, General Editor: Christopher F. Foss, 2002).

 * Fletcher, Sarson - Crusader Cruiser Tank 1939-1945 says: "In 1937 the British Army, influenced by what a delegation under General Wavell had seen in Russia, adopted a system of tank suspension devised by... Christie. This resulted in a new family of cruiser tanks, with the General Staff specification A13".

 * In other words, the A13 (Cruiser III) inherited a suspension from the BT, and in turn became a base for A13 Mk II (Cruiser IV), A13 Mk III (Covenanter), A15 (Crusader) and A16 (canceled). Bukvoed 12:01, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

 * More like the BT and Cruiser both inherited their suspension from Christie's experimental tank. The Brits just got inspired to get on with it when they saw the Russian BTs' high speed.  —Michael Z. 2005-11-28 15:50 Z

 * Yes, Brits didn't copy the suspension of the BT. "Inherited" was just a bad choice of word. I just wanted to comment on the above T-28/BT/T-34 talk, to show that some remote BT connection does exist here. As for T-28 connection.... that puzzles me. A9 with its triple-turret configuration resembles T-28, but I don't see anything in common between T-28 and the A13/A15 family. A mistake ? Probably, but... perhaps there's something remote here too... Bukvoed 19:12, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Engine
Not the Liberty V-12 engine; how can you have a horizontal (flat) V-12? Was it a flat-12 derived by Nuffield from the Liberty?? Hugo999 05:36, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

The Meadows engine wasn't related to the Liberty V-12 but it may have been a 'flat' V-12 i:e a V12 with the angle of the V being 180 degrees rather than a 'boxer' type engine ( see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_engine ). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.217.231.19 (talk) 20:46, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

Kingforce
The "Combat Usage" section mentions something called Kingforce. What was Kingforce? A shufty on Google returns very little information other than that it was a force of tanks commanded by a Major Norris King MC, but who was Norris King? Was it KingForce or King Force? Given that the article does not supply a reference that the Covenanter was used alongside Kingforce, my suggestion is that mention of the force should be excised entirely (unless there could be a way to summarise it very briefly, e.g. "KingForce, an experimental armoured force commanded by a Major Norris King (reference)"). -Ashley Pomeroy (talk) 13:04, 30 December 2008 (UTC)
 * From the style of Battle of Arras (1940) and Battle of the Kasserine Pass it appears "Kingforce" would be the correct use. GraemeLeggett (talk) 14:21, 30 December 2008 (UTC)

Unfit for combat?
I have taken the liberty of replacing the line: "Although adequate as a training vehicle it was never considered fit for combat use." in the opening para. It certainly would have been used in combat had Britain been invaded in late 1940, 1941 or 1942. It equipped many front-line units such as the 9th Armoured Division. It was the cooling problems that prevented them being sent to Africa and the Med, which was where all the fighting was in 1940 to 1943. By the time the British Army was fighting in northern Europe, the Covenanter, like the Crusader, was already obsolete as a fighting tank. However, in support roles it seems to have done its job very well. Alansplodge (talk) 18:51, 6 October 2011 (UTC)

 * These points were in the article, but not expressed in the lede. The lede is a summary and doesn't normally need to be cited because it repeats information that is cited in the body of the article. So I've taken the liberty of moving the cite further down to support the text. GraemeLeggett (talk) 19:15, 6 October 2011 (UTC)

 * I would retain it. At a time when the UK was desperately short of tanks (I think there were even still some Mk VI around), the Covenanter was considered so bad as to be unfit for combat use, in any field, and to even be unfit for training use in hot climates (it was basically undrivable and even more likely to overheat than a Crusader). The only question is why it stayed in production (see Fletcher). Nor was the 9th Armd. Div. ever a "front line" unit.
 * It wasn't available in any significant numbers during the Sea Lion era. Post Sea Lion, it was certainly considered unfit for combat. They might well have ended up in the hands of the Home Guard, but even then they were mostly in Scottish training grounds, well out of the useful way. The only way the bridgelayers managed to work without overheating was by making their fighting compartment uninhabitable. Andy Dingley (talk) 19:21, 6 October 2011 (UTC)

 * I've expanded the lede - it needed it, but I haven't come up with a better form of words for its non-use in combat. Presumably it was retained for training because it was already being made - such was the confused thinking of the time. "Great Tank Scandal" indeed. GraemeLeggett (talk) 19:45, 6 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks everyone for your comments and apologies for tinkering with your work - I didn't expect any input so quickly. I found this that may be of interest:

 * "Covenanter has been described as unreliable. A comparative trial between pairs of Covenanters, Crusaders, Grants, Valentines and Churchills at the AFV School, Bovington in July 1942 showed some interesting results. Covenanter required four hours maintenance each day, as did Churchill, with the others needing over three hours. Both Covenanters had new engines after over 1000 miles running, better than the Crusaders which averaged 700 miles."

 * Of couse, this refers to the one of the "improved" models - I expect that the earlier examples were as bad as they were reputed to be. I added some examples of the bridgelayer variants on active service, although no amount of digging has produced any evidence of the Czechs actually using theirs. The New Zealanders had some too, but what they did with them is a mystery - not much I suspect! Alansplodge (talk) 21:52, 6 October 2011 (UTC)

 * In the period 1940-41 the British Army had had to leave most of its tanks behind in France after Dunkirk. There was a very credible fear of invasion, and the Covenanter, unsatisfactory though it may have been, was built in some numbers in order to build up at least some vehicles with which to counter any German tanks that might at any time be brought ashore in the UK. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.144.50.233 (talk) 11:57, 10 May 2020 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Covenanter tank. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110714154719/http://www.nasenoviny.com/DunkirkEN1944_45.html to http://www.nasenoviny.com/DunkirkEN1944_45.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 18:54, 1 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Covenanter tank


text:
Isabel Letham

Isabel Ramsay Letham (23 May 1899 – 11 March 1995) was an Australian pioneer surfboard rider and swimming instructor, renowned as 'the first Australian to ride a surfboard' (although she disputed that claim - Isma Amor of Manly is believed to be the first Australian Female Surfer and Tommy Walker of Manly is believed to be the first Australian Male Surfer). A probably erroneous story has been repeated for years that on 10 January 1915 at Freshwater Beach, Sydney she experimented riding a board in the Hawaiian tradition in tandem with Duke Kahanamoku. This story has been disputed by researchers who have investigated its roots and provenance, and the reality is probably that she did not do so until shortly after, at Dee Why beach in Sydney, on 6 February 1915.

Kahanamoku had been invited to Australia by the NSW Swimming Association. He hadn't brought a surfboard so he made one from sugar pine. At Freshwater Beach, Kahanamoku gave a 3-hour demonstration of "Hawaiian-style surf shooting" to a crowd of several hundred people on 10 January 1915. Australians had been bodyboarding on wooden boards, and bodysurfing.

Again probably apocryphally, the idea has been repeated for years that at the end of the Freshwater Beach session Kahanamoku invited Letham from the crowd for a tandem surfing demonstration. Letham herself later repeated the story, but contemporaneous records indicate that this incident did not take place until the following month at Dee Why beach. In either case, Letham was 15 at the time, but an accomplished swimmer and bodysurfer.

As she later told the story, on the first few waves they paddled for she yelled for him to stop because it felt like going off a cliff. Kahanamoku ignored her cries, went anyway, and hauled her to her feet. They rode at least one wave that day, although repeated re-telling of the story has resulted in an increasing number being reported over the intervening decades. Letham was, as she later said "hooked for life".

Letham went on to become an accomplished surfer, and to teach surfing and swimming. During the 1920s Letham lived in California where she worked as an assistant swimming coach at the University of Southern California and Director of Swimming for the City of San Francisco.

When Letham died in 1995, her ashes were scattered by surfers in the sea off Freshwater Beach.

title: Isabel Letham


text:
Zionist churches

Zionist churches are a group of Christian denominations that derive from the Christian Catholic Apostolic Church, which was founded by John Alexander Dowie in Zion, Illinois, at the end of the 19th century. Missionaries from the church came to South Africa in 1904 and among their first recruits were Pieter Louis le Roux and Daniel Nkonyane of Wakkerstroom who continued to evangelize after the Zionist missionaries left in 1908.

History
The Zionist Churches proliferated throughout southern Africa, and became African Independent Churches; research in 1996 suggested that 40% of all black South Africans belonged to a Zionist church.

The Old Cornerstone Apostolic Church in Zion of South Africa, under Archbishop Mawethu Anthwell, had its beliefs grow out of late-nineteenth and early-twentieth religious missions in Southern Africa. In particular the churches owe their origins to the Christian Catholic Apostolic Church of John Alexander Dowie, based in Zion, Illinois, in the United States.

The arrival of Dowie's emissary, Daniel Bryant, in 1904 led to the formation of a formal Zionist church. Prior to this, two concentrations of sympathizers, energized by Dowie's publication, Leaves of Healing, had existed on the Witwatersrand and at Wakkerstroom in the Transvaal. This initial Zionist church did not flourish for long due to Dowie's disgracing in America. In 1908, however, the arrival of the former Zionist-turned-Pentecostal John G. Lake led to most former Zionists embracing the newly formed Apostolic Faith Mission. The vast majority of all Zionist sects derive from secessions from the Apostolic Faith Mission, which fused Pentecostalism with Dowie's Zionist ideas about faith healing.

Several key African-led secessions from the AFM led to the explosion of Zionist sects in the 1910s and 1920s. The first was led by Daniel Nkonyane, who was Le Roux's deputy in Wakkerstroom. In 1908 Le Roux became an important AFM official and spent most of his time in the Johannesburg headquarters thereafter. In his absence Nkonyane took effective control and insisted on several key changes to doctrine. Perhaps most importantly, he stressed the need for his followers to propitiate their ancestors—a practice abhorred by the AFM and most Christian denominations. Nkonyane maintained that “Whoever forsakes his ancestors is also forsaken by his ancestors and he becomes an easy prey for disease.” Secondly, he insisted that the form of ornate religious dress worn by Dowie, including robes, staffs, and other paraphernalia, should be used in his congregation. In 1910 Nkonyane's defiance versus the AFM and local authorities led to his expulsion from Wakkerstroom. Eventually, he and about two-thirds of the Wakkerstroom congregation pooled their resources and obtained freehold property in Charlestown, Natal, where they built the first South African "Zion". Many dozens of offshoots from Nkonyane's church formed small Zionist churches, especially in Swaziland (today Eswatini) and Natal.

The next significant secession from the AFM was by a little-known member, Isaiah Shembe. Shembe was a member of the AFM for only a year in the Orange Free State, when the Ethiopian church that he preached for joined the AFM en masse. In 1911 Shembe left the Free State and moved to Natal, where he used the AFM's faith healing techniques to build up a following across the province. Harnessing the meager resources of his followers, he formed the Narazeth Baptist Church and purchased freehold land at Ekuphakameni, the second South African "Zion". Shembe's Nazarite church was to become the largest Zionist congregation until eclipsed by the Zion Christian Church in the 1950s. Shembe's church was distinct from most other Zionist sects in that he insisted that he was a prophet sent directly from God to the Zulu nation. Most other Zionists were distinctly non-ethnic in outlook.

Edward Lion's Zion Apostolic Faith Mission (ZAFM) was also a critical early Zionist sect. Lion, an early Zionist convert, was appointed AFM leader in Basotholand in 1912. Prior to this Lion had received extensive training as a faith healer by John G. Lake. After obtaining land from a sympathetic chief, Lion began to build his own Zion in Kolonyama, Basotholand (now known as Lesotho), and formed ZAFM in 1917. Still under the AFM umbrella, he moved his followers to Kolonyama in 1920, and had an increasingly fractious relationship with the AFM until he was expelled in 1923. A number of doctrinal innovations, including sexual confession, brought him negative attention from the authorities, and Lion was eventually jailed for rape and subsequently expelled from Basotholand in 1927. Following his expulsion, Lion raised funds by garnishing his congregations' wages and bought several pieces of freehold land in the Transvaal that he attempted to turn into another "Zion". Lion's organization failed to grow significantly after his expulsion. Among its more important offshoots was the Zion Christian Church, whose founder, Engenas Lekganyane, was Lion's Transvaal leader in the early 1920s.

Succession disputes
Schisms and succession disputes during the twentieth century led to the foundation of thousands of different congregations, of which the largest is the Zion Christian Church, with around 3 million followers, led by His Grace The Right Reverend Dr Barnabas Edward Lekganyane.

Characteristics of Zionist churches
Zionist churches are characterised by the following features:
 * Use of faith-healing and revelation through dreams
 * Baptism in rivers
 * Ritual garments, often mostly white, and prophetic staffs.
 * Food taboos, such as not eating pork.
 * Some smaller denominations worship in the open air, and practise "wheel" dances—dancing in circles, sometimes to the beat of drums.
 * Some denominations accept polygamy.
 * Some denominations show syncretic mixing of Christian and traditional African religious beliefs
 * Some denominations hold isiguqo prayer circles

title: Zionist churches


text:
User:MrCalifornia/tvolt roadmap

=user=
 * need email verification stuff
 * verify_email table

users
drop table if exists users; create table users (	id			int		not null auto_increment,	email			varchar(255)	not null,	username		varchar(50)	not null,	hashed_password	       char(40)	null,	primary key (id) );
 * Add "active"

register
Form Fields: Validate:
 * E-Mail Address
 * Username
 * Password
 * E-Mail Address
 * Unique
 * Username
 * Unique
 * != E-Mail Address
 * != Any E-Mail Address in DB
 * Letters and Numbers Only
 * 4-30 Characters (?)
 * Password
 * 4-30 Characters (?)

login
Form Fields:
 * E-Mail Address or Username
 * Password

logout
=show= =episode= =history=

episode
=sitenews= =stats= =admin=

users
=talk=

title: User:MrCalifornia/tvolt roadmap


text: User talk:68.146.35.153

title: User talk:68.146.35.153


text:
Talk:Bass Armstrong

Don't know what the copyright tag was on here for, but I removed it and did a overhall. Hope its okay. -MegamanZero 13:48 3,December 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Bas-c3.jpg
Image:Bas-c3.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 07:05, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bass Armstrong


text:
International Psychoanalytical Association

The International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA) is an association including 12,000 psychoanalysts as members and works with 70 constituent organizations. It was founded in 1910 by Sigmund Freud, from an idea proposed by Sándor Ferenczi.

History
In 1902 Sigmund Freud started to meet every week with colleagues to discuss his work, thus establishing the Psychological Wednesday Society. By 1908 there were 14 regular members and some guests including Max Eitingon, Carl Jung, Karl Abraham, and Ernest Jones, all future Presidents of the IPA. The Society became the Vienna Psychoanalytical Society.

In 1907 Jones suggested to Jung that an international meeting should be arranged. Freud welcomed the proposal. The meeting took place in Salzburg on April 27, 1908. Jung named it the "First Congress for Freudian Psychology". It is later reckoned to be the first International Psychoanalytical Congress. Even so, the IPA had not yet been founded.

The IPA was established at the next Congress held at Nuremberg in March 1910. Its first President was Carl Jung, and its first Secretary was Otto Rank. Sigmund Freud considered an international organization to be essential to advance his ideas. In 1914 Freud published a paper entitled The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement.

The IPA is the international accrediting and regulatory body for member organisations. The IPA's aims include creating new psychoanalytic groups, conducting research, developing training policies and establishing links with other bodies. It organizes a biennial Congress.

Regional organizations
There is a Regional Organisation for each of the IPA's 3 regions: Each of these three bodies consists of Constituent Organisations and Study Groups that are part of that IPA region. The IPA has a close working relationship with each of these independent organisations, but they are not officially or legally part of the IPA.
 * Europe—European Psychoanalytical Federation (or EPF), which also includes Australia, India, Israel, Lebanon, South Africa and Turkey;
 * The IPA is incorporated in England, where it is a company limited by guarantee and also a registered charity. Its administrative offices are at The Lexicon in Central London.
 * Latin America—Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies of Latin America (or FEPAL);
 * North America—North American Psychoanalytic Confederation (or NAPSAC), which also includes Japan and Korea.

Constituent organizations
The IPA's members qualify for membership by being a member of a "constituent organisation" (or the sole regional association).

Constituent Organisations • Argentine Psychoanalytic Association

• Argentine Psychoanalytic Society

• Australian Psychoanalytical Society

• Belgian Psychoanalytical Society

• Belgrade Psychoanalytical Society

• Brasília Psychoanalytic Society

• Brazilian Psychoanalytic Society of Rio de Janeiro

• Brazilian Psychoanalytic Society of São Paulo

• Brazilian Psychoanalytical Society of Porto Alegre

• Brazilian Psychoanalytical Society of Ribeirão Preto

• British Psychoanalytic Association

• British Psychoanalytical Society

• Buenos Aires Psychoanalytic Association

• Canadian Psychoanalytic Society

• Caracas Psychoanalytic Society

• Chilean Psychoanalytic Association

• Colombian Psychoanalytic Association

• Colombian Psychoanalytic Society

• Contemporary Freudian Society

• Cordoba Psychoanalytic Society

• Croatian Psyhoanalytic Society

• Czech Psychoanalytical Society

• Danish Psychoanalytical Society

• Dutch Psychoanalytical Association

• Dutch Psychoanalytical Group

• Dutch Psychoanalytical Society

• Finnish Psychoanalytical Society

• French Psychoanalytical Association

• Freudian Psychoanalytical Society of Colombia

• German Psychoanalytical Association

• German Psychoanalytical Society

• Hellenic Psycho-Analytical Society

• Hungarian Psychoanalytical Society

• Indian Psychoanalytical Society

• Institute for Psychoanalytic Training and Research

• Israel Psychoanalytic Society

• Italian Psychoanalytical Association

• Italian Psychoanalytical Society

• Japan Psychoanalytic Society

• Los Angeles Institute and Society for Psychoanalytic Studies

• Madrid Psychoanalytical Association

• Mato Grosso do Sul Psychoanalytical Society

• Mendoza Psychoanalytic Society

• Mexican Assn for Psychoanalytic Practice, Training & Research

• Mexican Psychoanalytic Association

• Monterrey Psychoanalytic Association

• Moscow Psychoanalytic Society

• Northwestern Psychoanalytic Society

• Norwegian Psychoanalytic Society

• Paris Psychoanalytical Society

• Pelotas Psychoanalytic Society

• Peru Psychoanalytic Society

• Polish Psychoanalytical Society

• Porto Alegre Psychoanalytical Society

• Portuguese Psychoanalytical Society

• Psychoanalytic Center of California

• Psychoanalytic Institute of Northern California

• Psychoanalytic Society of Mexico

• Psychoanalytical Association of The State of Rio de Janeiro

• Recife Psychoanalytic Society

• Rio de Janeiro Psychoanalytic Society

• Romanian Psychoanalytic Society

• Rosario Psychoanalytic Association

• Spanish Psychoanalytical Society

• Swedish Psychoanalytical Association

• Swiss Psychoanalytical Society

• Uruguayan Psychoanalytical Association

• Venezuelan Psychoanalytic Association

• Vienna Psychoanalytic Society

Provisional Societies

 * Guadalajara Psychoanalytic Association (Provisional Society)
 * Moscow Psychoanalytic Society (Provisional Society)
 * Psychoanalytic Society for Research and Training (Provisional Society)
 * Vienna Psychoanalytic Association

Regional associations

 * American Psychoanalytic Association ("APsaA") is a body which has in membership societies which cover around 75% of psychoanalysts in the United States of America (the remainder are members of "independent" societies which are in direct relationship with the IPA).

IPA Study Groups
"Study Groups" are bodies of analysts which have not yet developed sufficiently to be a freestanding society, but that is their aim.
 * Campinas Psychoanalytical Study Group
 * Center for Psychoanalytic Education and Research
 * Croatian Psychoanalytic Study Group
 * Fortaleza Psychoanalytic Group
 * Goiania Psychoanalytic Nucleus
 * Korean Psychoanalytic Study Group
 * Latvia and Estonia Psychoanalytic Study Group
 * Lebanese Association for the Development of Psychoanalysis
 * Minas Gerais Psychoanalytical Study Group
 * Northern Ireland Psychoanalytic Society
 * Portuguese Nucleus of Psychoanalysis
 * Psychoanalytical Association of Asuncion SG
 * South African Psychoanalytic Association
 * Study Group of Turkey: Psike Istanbul
 * Turkish Psychoanalytical Group
 * Vermont Psychoanalytic Study Group
 * Vilnius Society of Psychoanalysts

Allied Centres
"Allied Centres" are groups of people with an interest in psychoanalysis, in places where there are not already societies or study groups.
 * Korean Psychoanalytic Allied Centre
 * Psychoanalysis Studying Centre in China
 * Taiwan Centre for The Development of Psychoanalysis
 * The Centre for Psychoanalytic Studies of Panama

International Congresses
The first 23 Congresses of IPA did not have a specific theme.

Criticism
In 1975, Erich Fromm questioned this organization and found that the psychoanalytic association was "organized according to standards rather dictatorial".

In 1999, Elisabeth Roudinesco noted that the IPA's attempts to professionalize psychoanalysis had become "a machine to manufacture significance". She also said that in France, "Lacanian colleagues looked upon the IPA as bureaucrats who had betrayed psychoanalysis in favour of an adaptive psychology in the service of triumphant capitalism". She wrote of the "IPA['s] Legitimist Freudianism, as mistakenly called "orthodox" ".

On the other hand, most criticisms laid against the IPA tend to come from a 1950s Lacanian point of view, unaware of recent developments, and of the variety of schools and training models within the association in recent decades. One of the three training models in the IPA (the French Model), is mostly due to Lacan's ideas and their perspectives regarding the training.

Homophobia
Among Roudinesco's other criticisms, was her reference to "homophobia" in the IPA, considered a "disgrace of psychoanalysis.

According to psychiatrist Albert Le Dorze, the association is homophobic.

Archives
The archive of the International Psychoanalytical Association is held at Wellcome Collection (ref no: SA/IPA).


text: User talk:70.26.16.36

title: User talk:70.26.16.36


text:
User:Fabiob~enwiki/monobook.js

// User:Lupin/popups.js - please include this line

mw.loader.load(            'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lupin/popups.js'             + '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s');

title: User:Fabiob~enwiki/monobook.js


title: File:TheBestGoFirst1952paperback.jpg


text:
Talk:Sodium iodide

Solubility table
According to http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/047084289X the solubility of NaI in acetone is not 28.0gr NaI/100gr ace, but the one stated on the right side (39.9gr NaI/100mL at 25 degrees Celcius). Could an expert verify, please?

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/047084289X — Preceding unsigned comment added by Elmaya (talk • contribs) 10:27, 26 January 2015 (UTC)

More Info. Please
For those of us who use wikipedia for school, this page is not all that helpful. I'm taking AP Chem, and info. such as electron configuration, what type of bond it is, Lewis diagram, electronegativity, etc. would be very helpful. Anyone want to add any of this info.? Students everywhere would rejoice! (Or at least...I would...)

Are there any commonly available products with sodium iodide in them?
 * Yes I believe its used in some medicines to treat deficiency of Iodine.
 * Ryan Jones 23:44, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Yes some of Lugol's iodine is produced with Sodium iodine. For Iodine deficiency wich becomes more and more common. (Read David Brownstein, M.D. - Iodine Why you need it - Why you can't live without it. ISBN 978-0-9660882-3-6) Dr. Hulda Clark reccomand that we clean salds in water with Logol's Iodine. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.17.109.155 (talk) 22:14, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

Secondary info table - needed?
Does anyone think that secondary table is needed or is it just a space filler right now?
 * Ryan Jones 23:44, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Change Introduction
Some of the information in the introduction would fit better into the uses category. It also lacks basic information such as the formula and type of compound. I moved it and added a basic description physical properties of the compound, following potassium iodide as a guide. However, my changes were removed by a moderator. Perhaps if a registered user could revise this, the changes would remain intact.
 * I agree that the rollback was unjustified, so I have restored your edits and left a polite note for the admin concerned to say that I think he was overzealous. Thanks for contributing to Wikipedia. Physchim62 (talk) 11:33, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

Afterglow?
In the uses section, Afterglow (gamma ray burst) is listed as one of the parameters of the sodium iodide crystal. Although scintillation detectors can be used to detect Gamma-ray bursts, the afterglow is a characteristics of the burst itself, not the crystal. --Cryptic C62 · Talk 03:56, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

Dead Link
The MSDS heads to a dead link. Oxford is no longer maintaining their database. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.151.179.5 (talk) 18:31, 14 February 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sodium iodide


text:
Oklahoma Educational Television Authority

The Oklahoma Educational Television Authority (OETA) is a network of PBS member television stations serving the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The authority operates as a statutory corporation that holds the licenses for all of the PBS stations operating in the state; it is managed by an independent board of gubernatorial appointees, and university and education officials, which is linked to the executive branch of the Oklahoma state government through the Secretary of Education.

In addition to offering programs supplied by PBS and acquired from various independent distributors, the network produces news, public affairs, cultural, and documentary programming; the OETA also distributes online education programs for classroom use and teacher professional development, and maintains the state's Warning, Alert and Response Network (WARN) infrastructure to disseminate emergency alerts to Oklahoma residents. The broadcast signals of the four full-power and fifteen translator stations comprising the network cover almost all of the state, as well as fringe areas of Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, and Texas near the Oklahoma state line. It and KRSU-TV, an independent public station owned by Rogers State University in Claremore, are Oklahoma's only public television stations.

OETA's main offices and production facilities are located at the intersection of Kelley Avenue and Britton Road in northeastern Oklahoma City, adjacent to the former studios of KWTV-DT and KSBI. In Tulsa, OETA uses studios on the campus of Oklahoma State University's extension center.

Incorporation and development
OETA traces its history to November 19, 1951, when a state educational television development conference was held to direct the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education to file applications with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to reserve certain broadcast television frequencies in selected cities throughout Oklahoma for non-commercial educational stations. In a unanimous vote, the Oklahoma Legislature subsequently approved House Concurrent Resolution #5, which urged the FCC to reserve broadcast television frequencies for non-commercial use. On May 18, 1953, Oklahoma became the first state that passed legislation to develop a statewide educational television service, when the legislature passed House Bill #1033, creating the Oklahoma Educational Television Authority as an independent statutory corporation. The bill—which was co-sponsored by State Rep. W. H. Langley (D-Stilwell) and State Sen. J. Byron Dacus (D-Gotebo), and was signed by Governor Johnston Murray—charged the organization with providing educational television programming to Oklahomans on a coordinated statewide basis, to be made possible with cooperation from the state's educational, government and cultural agencies, under the supervision and direction of the statute authority.

After appointing its members, in August 1953, the OETA Board of Directors held its first meeting and began the process of forming a statewide public television network. On December 2, 1953, the FCC granted a construction permit to build a television station on VHF channel 13 in Oklahoma City; seven months later, on July 21, 1954, it would grant OETA a second permit to build a non-commercial station on VHF channel 11 in Tulsa. To help finance the venture, the OETA was authorized to issue revenue bonds redeemable with financial funding accumulated in the public building fund. It would take three years for OETA to sign on its first station, as the legislature failed to appropriate operational funding to the statute corporation, which it was required to allocate under mandate of the authority charter; legislators believed that donations from private entities and the public would be able to cover the operating expenses for the upstart stations.

After securing a broadcast license from the FCC, $540,000 in legislative appropriations, and private funding from various special interest groups (led by a $150,000 donation by Daily Oklahoman publisher Edward K. Gaylord and the donation of $13,000 worth of broadcasting equipment from RCA), KETA (which added the TV to its callsign on January 31, 1983) in Oklahoma City—which would become the network's flagship—was finally able to sign on the air over channel 13 on April 13, 1956; it was the first educational television station to sign on in Oklahoma, the second in the Southwestern United States (after KUHT in Houston, which launched in May 1953 as the nation's first public television station) and the 20th non-commercial television station to sign on within the United States. Channel 13 originally operated from studio facilities located on the campus of the University of Oklahoma in Norman; its transmitter antenna (which began construction on August 1, 1955) was based in northeast Oklahoma City near the intersection of Wilshire Boulevard and Kelley Avenue, per an agreement with the Oklahoma Television Corporation that granted the OETA free use of the 1,572 ft transmission tower and adjacent land near the studio building of KWTV (channel 9). (The tower was decommissioned when KETA and KWTV switched to digital-only broadcasts from a separate tower, located between 122nd Street and the John Kilpatrick Turnpike in northeast Oklahoma City, in 2009; the antenna and the upper half of the tower were physically disassembled by engineers and crane equipment during the summer of 2014, and its remnant sections were imploded that October.)

KETA—as well as the full-power repeaters it would sign on in later years—originally served as a member station of the National Educational Television and Radio Center (NETRC), which evolved into National Educational Television (NET) in 1963. During its first fourteen years of operation, KETA – and later, KOED – maintained a 20-hour weekly schedule of instruction programming, broadcasting only on Monday through Friday afternoons (from 1:30 to 4 p.m.) from August through May; much of the station's programming in its early years consisted of video telecourse lectures televised in cooperation with the Oklahoma State Department of Education, which offered course subjects attributable for college credit. Programming from NET aired on KETA year-round during prime time for 2½ hours each Monday through Friday (from 6:30 to 9 p.m.).

In June 1956, ABC elected to use KETA to telecast the network's coverage of the 1956 Republican and Democratic National Conventions, and Presidential election results. In seeking a waiver of FCC rules requiring advertisements to be deleted when an educational television outlet carries a sponsored program, ABC noted that it was denied "effective competitive access" in Oklahoma City, due to the fact that KWTV and NBC affiliate WKY-TV (channel 4) were the only stations operating in the market at that time and already had primary network allegiances. By early July, the OETA had withdrawn KETA from the waiver petition, resulting in the FCC choosing unanimously to refuse to "entertain" an ABC-only request to waive the rules.

Expansion into a statewide network
Over the course of nineteen years, the authority gradually evolved into a statewide public television network. KOED-TV (channel 11) in Tulsa, which was founded through a legislative appropriation granted to the authority, became the first of KETA's three satellite stations to go on the air, on January 12, 1959. The launch of the state's second educational television station made Oklahoma only the second U.S. state to have an operational educational television network after Alabama Educational Television began expanding into a statewide network in April 1955. The authority petitioned to move KOED's allocation to that reserved by local commercial station KJRH-TV [channel 2] in July 1981, but was ultimately denied permission to take over the frequency. In 1970, KETA and KOED became member stations of the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), which was launched as an independent entity to supersede and assume many of the functions of the predecessor NET network.

OETA experienced significant growth under the stewardship of Bob Allen, a former Director of Communications at the Oklahoma State Department of Education, who was appointed as the authority's executive director in June 1972 and remained in that position until his retirement in December 1998. Allen—who would also serve on the Board of Directors of PBS and other national public television organizations during his tenure at the member network—initiated many efforts to help grow OETA into his vision as a network that would distribute educational and cultural programs throughout Oklahoma's 77 counties. ) and Bill Thrash, who was appointed as OETA's station manager and program director after having worked at KTVY's programming and managerial departments since the 1970s, In 1973, OETA expanded its broadcast schedule to 49 hours per week (from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. and 6 to 10 p.m. each weekday); that year, the network expanded its weekday lineup into the late-evening hours, and began to offer an expanded programming schedule on Saturdays (from 3 to 10 p.m.), in addition to an existing Sunday lineup that expanded from evenings only to the daytime hours around that time. OETA moved its main Oklahoma City operations in 1974, when it opened a new studio and office facility next to KETA's Kelley Avenue transmitter site, which was constructed through funds appropriated by the legislature and allowed the member network to begin producing locally originated programming. To accrue additional donations to fund programming and operational expenditures, OETA inaugurated its annual "Festival" pledge drive in 1975; the first edition of the two-week event—which is held each March, except in 2019, during the suspension of pledge collections in the midst of its dispute with the OETA Foundation—saw OETA raise more than $125,000 in public and private donations to help with programming dues and acquisitions. In 1976, OETA purchased a mobile broadcasting unit for the production of programs in the field, which allowed it to conduct remote broadcasts at various locations throughout Oklahoma. The following year, the state legislature's OETA appropriation funding for 1977, granted the authority funds to purchase an extensive curriculum of instructional telecourse programs for broadcast on the network to schools across Oklahoma.

On December 1, 1977, the network launched its third station, KOET (channel 3) in Eufaula, as a satellite of KOED-TV to serve most of east-central Oklahoma. (Its signal overlaps with that of KOED in that section of the state near and to the adjacent north of the Interstate 40 corridor [including portions of McIntosh County, to the north of Eufaula], and with KETA in portions of Creek, Okfuskee, and Hughes counties near State Highway 56.) The sign-on of KOET—which the FCC had reserved its would-be channel 3 allocation for noncommercial use on August 20, 1975, and granted it to petitioner OETA on December 28, 1976—was made possible in part by a 1966 federal grant to the authority that was intended to fund the expansion of the state network and to allow it to purchase color broadcasting equipment. In 1978, OETA produced the first program to be syndicated nationally by the member network to other public television stations, when it broadcast the U.S. Open Table Tennis Championships; that year also saw the premiere of OETA's first regionally syndicated series, The Other School System, a 13-part program co-hosted by Art Linkletter and former Miss America (and Clinton native) Jane Jayroe.

OETA launched its fourth and final full-power station on August 6, 1978, when KWET (channel 12) in Cheyenne signed on as a satellite of KETA, serving west-central and portions of northwestern and southwestern Oklahoma, and the far eastern Texas Panhandle. (OETA filed a petition to reserve channel 12 for non-commercial use on February 18, 1976, and granted it to the authority on May 13 of that year.) OETA also began building a network of low-power UHF translators (each operating at 1,000 watts) to service parts of the state that were unable to receive the four full-power VHF stations. That same year, the network signed repeaters in Hugo and in Idabel to relay KOET.

In 1979, under the guidance of Governor George Nigh, OETA activated four additional translators in Beaver, Boise City, Buffalo and Guymon to relay KWET and KETA's programming to the Oklahoma Panhandle and portions of northwestern Oklahoma. By the time the translator network was completed in 1981, with the sign-on of six repeaters in Alva, Ardmore, Duncan, Frederick, Lawton and Ponca City, OETA extended its coverage to nearly the entire state. , OETA's full-power stations make up the vast majority of its overall coverage, reaching roughly 80 percent of Oklahoma's geographic population. In 1981, OETA opened a satellite facility in east Tulsa on North Sheridan Road and East Independence Street (southwest of Tulsa International Airport) to serve as a secondary production facility and to house the operations of KOED and its relays; the first television program to be produced out of the new Tulsa facility, Arts Chronicle, made its debut on the network the following year. 1981 also saw OETA enter into an agreement to syndicate Creative Crafts, an arts and crafts program that had been produced by KTVY in Oklahoma City since 1950, on the network's stations on a 13-week trial basis.

On April 2, 1983, straight-line wind gusts between 100 and 120 mph at the upper sections of KETA's broadcast tower tore loose brackets that held in place a 1,600 ft long, 6+1/8 in thick copper transmission cable that linked to the station's transmitter dish, ripping the cable from the tower and causing an electrical short in the transmitter. Over-the-air service to KETA and its translators in north-central and southern Oklahoma was restored later that week, after KWTV allowed its fellow tower tenant to use their backup cable until repairs could be conducted. However, to facilitate upgrades to its transmission system that would begin on August 15, KWTV management notified Governor Nigh that it needed to use the cable to replace clamps attached to channel 9's main cable line, a situation that would have resulted in OETA having to suspend programming for two weeks. After the Oklahoma State Contingency Review Board rejected the authority's request for emergency funds for the transmission cable replacement, on July 21, Allen initiated his own fundraising effort: it included distributing funding solicitation mailers that were delivered to 34,000 private and public donors who contributed to the "Festival '83" pledge drive that March (who were asked to contribute pledges averaging $6.40 per person), and a stunt conducted by Allen himself, in which he climbed onto the tower to seek donations from the public. The effort raised $248,000 in donations ($40,000 above his funding goal of $218,000). The failure to obtain legislature approval to be granted funding for the repairs came as OETA received a 24.8 percent reduction in state funding in its 1983 funding appropriation, stemming from a decline in state revenue that necessitated budget cuts that adversely affected several other state agencies; the cuts led to OETA implementing a two-day furlough of its entire employee base that December. Also that year, the authority established the OETA Foundation, becoming one of the first public television stations in the nation to adopt an endowment model for private donations; the foundation's programming endowment plan was created to solicit and receive permanent endowment donations to help support Oklahoma's public television system.

To help improve OETA's standing in the state, Allen initiated several ambitious programming efforts. In 1987, the authority's production unit, The Oklahoma Network, acquired the national syndication rights to The Lawrence Welk Show, producing compilation episodes combining excerpts from the classic variety series with original hosted wraparound segments; OETA subsequently began distributing the program to other PBS member stations throughout the United States. Then in 1989, the network premiered Oklahoma Passage, a five-part miniseries told in the form of a first-person story illustrating the first 150 years of Oklahoma's history from the perspective of a Georgia family who moved to the Indian Territory in the 1840s. In 1990, OETA premiered Wordscape, a 16-part nationally syndicated instructional series for children in Grades 4 through 6, providing grammar instruction through two to five word cells per 15-minute episode, which were tied to a common theme; the Heartland Chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences awarded the program a 1991 Heartland Emmy Award for Outstanding Youth/Children's Program.

The Literacy Channel
OETA was involved in a complex 1987 proposal by Pappas Telecasting involving three commercial stations in Oklahoma City. Pappas offered to purchase KOKH-TV, the programming libraries of both KAUT-TV and KGMC, and KAUT's Fox affiliation; KGMC would be sold and operate as a HSN affiliate; and KAUT's license would be donated by Heritage Media to OETA for $1 million. OETA would convert KAUT into a secondary education station financed through start-up grants, including a $75,000 grant from KOCO-TV. OETA also offered to purchase KGMC directly. Governor Henry Bellmon expressed disapproval based on past claims by OETA management of inadequate funding; the Oklahoma Legislature prohibited OETA from using state funds for the transaction in their 1990 appropriation bill if sufficient private funding was not obtained. Bellmon also called for an audit of OETA after a former employee alleged public funds misuse and mandating station employees attend Foundation meetings and work for the Foundation's pledge drives on state and uncompensated time. Despite FCC approval, Pappas failed to finalize its purchase of KOKH-TV on a deadline, and the entire proposal was terminated in February 1989.

Heritage later filed to purchase KOKH-TV, concurrently donating KAUT's license, transmitter and master control facilities to OETA on April 23, 1991; included in this was a two-year option for OETA to buy KAUT's remaining assets for $1.5 million. KAUT's Fox affiliation, general manager, 30 employees and programming assets were all transferred to KOKH on August 15, 1991. On that same date, KAUT was relaunched as "The Literacy Channel": a demonstration initiative devised by OETA's Board of Directors, the OETA Foundation Board of Trustees, and Heritage Media; PBS senior vice president for education services Sandy Welch and management with the Children's Television Workshop collaborated with the consortium in the development of the station's new format, which the OETA and PBS intended to use as a model for instructional and educational programming on a national level. The second station allowed the OETA to more than double its offerings of telecourses in an effort to reduce illiteracy in the state, with offerings of such series as Learn to Read and GED on TV. KAUT's call sign changed to KTLC on January 17, 1992.

As the OETA's state budget appropriation shrank, KTLC began altering its program format to save money, even though most of the channel's funding initially came from private sources. In July 1993, weekday and weekend morning schedules were axed, initially temporarily, in response to a 17.9-percent budget cut that left the Literacy Channel with no state funding source. The OETA board requested the OETA Foundation's permission to conduct two on-air fundraisers to keep the Literacy Channel on the air. A nine-day fund drive took place in September. By 1995, half of the funding for the Literacy Channel came from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) and the remainder from private donors, with no state funding. This was the case even though governor David Walters had previously recommended expanding the service, saying, "[W]e need to sell reading and writing like we would sell soap."

OETA put KTLC up for sale in October 1997 to help fund the network's digital television conversion process; The Literacy Channel would continue as a cable-only service alongside long-term plans to become an OETA digital subchannel. All proceeds from the sale would be placed in an endowment. Paramount Stations Group, the owned-stations unit of UPN, won a bidding war for the station with a $23.5 million bid. The bid was approved weeks before the market's existing UPN affiliate, KOCB, switched to The WB following a larger deal reached with KOCB's owner, Sinclair Broadcast Group, a deal the network unsuccessfully fought in court. Consequently, UPN was unviewable in the Oklahoma City market entirely until KTLC relaunched as KPSG-TV on June 19, 1998. Paramount agreed to air The Literacy Channel programming in late-mornings, provide OETA with airtime for promotions, cover some costs for digital equipment installation, and simulcast one fundraising drive per year, all over a five-year period.

Digital conversion and new Tulsa facilities
OETA began installing a digital satellite distribution network beginning in April 2000 to replace a 30-year old microwave distribution system; the satellite feed was first uplinked to translators in the Oklahoma Panhandle and the remaining stations were brought online that summer. OETA, along with other public television stations, were mandated by the FCC to launch digital signals at or before May 1, 2003; a delay in the Oklahoma Legislature providing $5.6 million for digital equipment (matched with $5.6 million from the Foundation) created what OETA Executive Director Malcom Wall called "an engineering and technical challenge the likes of which we have never encountered". The digital signals for all four full-power stations signed on before the 2003 deadline, and OETA became regarded as a market leader for the new technology.

By 2006, OETA began offering digital subchannels throughout the network, including channels devoted to local and regional fare, instructional and children's shows, with up to 100 hours of high definition programming offered by OETA every month. During the digital television transition, KETA-TV and KOED-TV signed off their analog signals on February 17, 2009, while KWET and KOET did so on March 31, 2009. All OETA translators signed off their analog signals on June 12, 2009. KETA and KOED relocated their digital signals to VHF channels 13 and 11, respectively, KWET's digital signal remained on pre-transition VHF channel 8, and KOET remained on pre-transition UHF channel 31. All full-power stations began displaying virtual channels corresponding to their former analog channel numbers.

As early as 2000, OETA sought a newer facility for their existing Tulsa studios, which suffered from limited space, aged equipment, and other infrastructure issues. An offer by OETA to help fund construction of Tulsa Community College's Thomas K. McKeon Center for Creativity, which was to include a television production facility intended as the network's new Tulsa studios, was scrapped after the Oklahoma Legislature denied funding. A subsequent proposal for a 11000 sqft facility on the campus of Oklahoma State University–Tulsa was more successful, and completed in March 2011.

State funding cutbacks
The Oklahoma Legislature has incrementally reduced OETA's budget, including a 45 percent decline between 2008 and 2016; total operating expenses fell from over $5 million to $2.8 million during this period. These cuts led to the cancellation of Oklahoma Forum and Stateline, and reductions in State Capitol bureau staff; in 2010, OETA employed 68 staffers, well below the 84 employees it was authorized. State funding accounts for about one-third of OETA's budget, with the remainder of funding from member donations, in-kind contributions and Foundation donations; By 2016, OETA executive director Dan Schiedel asserted the Foundation's donations were failing to keep up with the state's funding cutbacks, while several state legislators argued for OETA's elimination as it was no longer a "core government function".

In May 2023, Governor Kevin Stitt vetoed a measure to provide state funding to OETA for three years, accusing the network of "indoctrinating" and "overly sexualizing" children, including broadcasting pro-LGBT content in both local and national programming. Stitt's veto was overridden by the Oklahoma Legislature.

OETA Foundation dispute and dissolution
A dispute between OETA and the OETA Foundation became public on December 6, 2018, when the Foundation accused OETA in court of attempting to "obtain complete and unfettered dominion and control" via a proposed memorandum seeking changes to the relationship between both entities. Calling the memo a "power grab", the Foundation charged OETA with refusing to report on expenditures of CPB funds the Foundation received; accusing the Foundation of appropriating donations meant for the program Mosaic, Oklahoma without authorization; airing nationally-produced pledge drives in lieu of the locally-oriented AugustFest that caused a 30 percent decline in year-over-year donations to the Foundation; and that the dispute dissuaded major donors from contributing. The Foundation also accused OETA of negligence when hiring Polly Anderson as executive director after her dismissal from WUCF-TV in Orlando, Florida, over allegations of misconduct and insubordination. OETA called the court request a "publicity stunt" and listed multiple issues since Daphne Dowdy became the Foundation president in 2014, including withholding funds and refusing to release financial documents for joint audits with the Oklahoma government; OETA later accused the Foundation of misleading the public.

OETA ordered Foundation staff to vacate the network's Oklahoma City headquarters by January 13, 2019. Board chairman Garrett King accused the Foundation of interfering with daily operations, denying OETA personnel access to portions of the headquarters, and making repeated attempts to hack into the network's computer system. The Foundation defied the eviction notice. OETA's board voted unanimously on January 8, 2019, to sever all ties with the Foundation, transferring all fundraising efforts to Friends of OETA, Inc. OETA would stop accepting any donations in the interim until a permanent agreement with Friends of OETA was ratified. Dowdy claimed the Foundation could still fundraise and provide financial assistance for OETA, and the Foundation sought to terminate their relationship with the network. The dispute ended on April 10, 2019, when Dowdy agreed to a severance package and the Foundation was dissolved; the Foundation's $1.6 million in funds and assets were transferred to the Friends of OETA, whose governing board was seated by the OETA board later in the month.

Funding
For fiscal year 2023, the OETA reported total revenue of $15,170,901. Funding sources included $2.88 million in state appropriations and a $1.6 million Community Service Grant from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. The station had 28,892 members who donated a total of $5,007,215. There were 162 major individual donors who contributed $441,000.

Original productions
OETA is one of several PBS member stations or regional networks that distributes programming for syndication to other public television stations around the United States; these programs, along with shows produced for exclusive broadcast on OETA within Oklahoma, are produced by the network's production unit, OETA: The Oklahoma Network. It has distributed The Lawrence Welk Show since October 3, 1987, after that series left commercial syndication, and has also produced specials featuring excerpts from the program (beginning with the 1987 PBS special, Lawrence Welk, Television's Music Man). The acquisition and syndication of the program—consisting of an initial pickup of 52 episodes—came after a successful pledge donation assignment during the Festival '87 drive that March, in which viewers were inquired whether OETA should return Welk to television; reruns of Lawrence Welk—which have become a staple of the member network's weekend evening schedule—have since become OETA's most-watched program. OETA also distributes The Kalb Report, a monthly discussion program focusing on issues of ethics and responsibility in media that is hosted by Marvin Kalb.

Locally produced programming on the state network includes the OETA Movie Club, originally hosted by B.J. Wexler from its premiere in February 1988 until November 2018. Wexler would introduce each show by serving himself a large bucket of popcorn and providing details of the movie and actors. The show is currently hosted by former Oklahoma News Report anchor Robert Burch. Oklahoma Horizon (a weekly newsmagazine, produced by the Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education in cooperation with the Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry, which focuses on economic and social issues, and is syndicated to the RFD-TV cable network in the United States and the Global Broadcasting Network in Europe), Oklahoma Gardening (a weekly gardening series produced by the Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service at Oklahoma State University–Stillwater through the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture and OSU Agricultural Communications Services, which debuted in 1975) and Gallery (which debuted in April 2001 and focuses on Oklahoma's art community; it produced a spin-off series, Gallery America, that debuted in January 2016).

Newscasts
OETA premiered The Oklahoma Report on January 3, 1977, initially set up as an interview-driven nightly newsmagazine. By 1980, The Oklahoma Report was converted into a newscast; in addition to featuring taped reports from commercial stations in Tulsa and Oklahoma City, OETA also employed a three-person reporting staff. Initially anchored by Tom Gilmore (who later served as OETA news and public affairs manager), Dick Pryor, Mary Carr Lee and Lisa Mason took over the newscast in 1990, when it was retitled Oklahoma News Report.

ONR's format was altered in July 2010 to correspond with $1 million in cuts state funding cuts: anchors George Tomek and Gerry Bonds, along with meteorologist Russ Dixon, were dismissed; nightly weather reports were eliminated; and five additional news programs were placed "on hiatus" by OETA and eventually cancelled. Dick Pryor, who was retained as ONR's sole anchor, remained in that position until leaving in 2015. On July 2011, ONR was converted from a nightly program to a weekly newsmagazine, this came after an additional 9 percent reduction in state funds. ONR was expanded to an hour-long program on October 16, 2020, corresponding with the program's 40th anniversary.

Notable alumni

 * David Dank – political analyst/commentator

Translators
OETA also operates fourteen translator stations:

Network map
{{Location map+ |USA Oklahoma |float=none |width=600 |caption=Map of OETA's full-power stations and translators in Oklahoma |places= {{Location map~ |USA Oklahoma|mark=Location dot light blue, blue ring.png|coordinates={{coord|34|12|5|N|98|43|46|W}}|label={{small|K18IZ-D}}|position=below|background=#fff}} {{Location map~ |USA Oklahoma|mark=Location dot light blue, blue ring.png|coordinates={{coord|34|26|1|N|97|41|7|W}}|label={{small|K20MH-D}}|position=top|background=#fff}} {{Location map~ |USA Oklahoma|mark=Location dot light blue, blue ring.png|coordinates={{coord|33|53|16|N|94|48|29|W}}|label={{small|K22MT-D}}|position=below|background=#fff}} {{Location map~ |USA Oklahoma|mark=Location dot light blue, blue ring.png|coordinates={{coord|33|59|23|N|96|23|46|W}}|label={{small|K27MV-D}}|position=top|background=#fff}} {{Location map~ |USA Oklahoma|mark=Location dot light blue, blue ring.png|coordinates={{coord|36|43|46|N|99|43|0|W}}|label={{small|K28NU-D}}|position=top|background=#fff}} {{Location map~ |USA Oklahoma|mark=Location dot light blue, blue ring.png|coordinates={{coord|36|44|21|N|97|2|32.1|W}}|label={{small|K28NV-D}}|position=below|background=#fff}} {{Location map~ |USA Oklahoma|mark=Location dot light blue, blue ring.png|coordinates={{coord|36|47|10|N|98|33|33|W}}|label={{small|K30AE-D}}|position=below|background=#fff}} {{Location map~ |USA Oklahoma|mark=Location dot light blue, blue ring.png|coordinates={{coord|34|37|24.2|N|98|16|17.1|W}}|label={{small|K36AB-D}}|position=top|background=#fff}} {{Location map~ |USA Oklahoma|mark=Location dot light blue, blue ring.png|coordinates={{coord|34|12|10|N|97|9|13|W}}|label={{small|K36KE-D}}|position=top|background=#fff}} {{Location map~ |USA Oklahoma|mark=Location dot light blue, blue ring.png|coordinates={{coord|33|59|45|N|95|30|36|W}}|label={{small|K15AA-D}}|position=top|background=#fff}} {{Location map~ |USA Oklahoma|mark=Location dot light blue, blue ring.png|coordinates={{coord|36|40|12.9|N|101|28|49.4|W}}|label={{small|K16AB-D}}|position=top|background=#fff}} {{Location map~ |USA Oklahoma|mark=Location dot light blue, blue ring.png|coordinates={{coord|34|36|36|N|99|20|10|W}}|label={{small|K19AA-D}}|position=below|background=#fff}} {{Location map~ |USA Oklahoma|mark=Location dot light blue, blue ring.png|coordinates={{coord|36|43|29|N|102|28|49|W}}|label={{small|K20IT-D}}|position=top|background=#fff}} {{Location map~ |USA Oklahoma|mark=Location dot light blue, blue ring.png|coordinates={{coord|36|48|45|N|100|32|11|W}}|label={{small|K34IN-D}}|position=bottom|background=#fff}} {{Location map~ |USA Oklahoma|mark=Location dot blue.svg|coordinates={{coord|35|35|52.1|N|97|29|23.2|W}}|label=KETA-TV|position=below|background=#fff}} {{Location map~ |USA Oklahoma|mark=Location dot blue.svg|coordinates={{coord|36|1|15|N|95|40|33|W}}|label=KOED|position=|background=#fff}} {{Location map~ |USA Oklahoma|mark=Location dot blue.svg|coordinates={{coord|35|11|1|N|95|20|20|W}}|label=KOET|position=|background=#fff}} {{Location map~ |USA Oklahoma|mark=Location dot blue.svg|coordinates={{coord|35|35|36|N|99|40|2|W}}|label=KWET|position=|background=#fff}} }}
 * }

Subchannels
All transmitters broadcast the same four subchannels.


text:
Category:Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford

Fellows and Masters of Balliol College, Oxford.

See also former students.


text: Talk:White buffalo (disambiguation)

title: Talk:White buffalo (disambiguation)


text:
Cortical blindness

Cortical blindness is the total or partial loss of vision in a normal-appearing eye caused by damage to the brain's occipital cortex. Cortical blindness can be acquired or congenital, and may also be transient in certain instances. Acquired cortical blindness is most often caused by loss of blood flow to the occipital cortex from either unilateral or bilateral posterior cerebral artery blockage (ischemic stroke) and by cardiac surgery. In most cases, the complete loss of vision is not permanent and the patient may recover some of their vision (cortical visual impairment). Congenital cortical blindness is most often caused by perinatal ischemic stroke, encephalitis, and meningitis. Rarely, a patient with acquired cortical blindness may have little or no insight that they have lost vision, a phenomenon known as Anton–Babinski syndrome.

Cortical blindness and cortical visual impairment (CVI), which refers to the partial loss of vision caused by cortical damage, are both classified as subsets of neurological visual impairment (NVI). NVI and its three subtypes—cortical blindness, cortical visual impairment, and delayed visual maturation—must be distinguished from ocular visual impairment in terms of their different causes and structural foci, the brain and the eye respectively. One diagnostic marker of this distinction is that the pupils of individuals with cortical blindness will respond to light whereas those of individuals with ocular visual impairment will not.

Symptoms
The most common symptoms of acquired and transient cortical blindness include:
 * A complete loss of visual sensation and of vision
 * Preservation/sparing of the abilities to perceive light and/or moving, but not static objects (Riddoch syndrome)
 * A lack of visual fixation and tracking
 * Denial of visual loss (Anton–Babinski syndrome)
 * Visual hallucinations
 * Macular sparing, in which vision in the fovea is spared from the blindness.

Causes
The most common cause of cortical blindness is ischemia (oxygen deprivation) to the occipital lobes caused by blockage to one or both of the posterior cerebral arteries. However, other conditions have also been known to cause acquired and transient cortical blindness, including:

 * Congenital abnormalities of the occipital lobe
 * Head trauma to the occipital lobe of the brain
 * Bilateral lesions of the primary visual cortex
 * Infection
 * Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), in association with a rapid onset of dementia
 * Rarely, dissociative identity disorder (DID)
 * Side effect of some anti-epilepsy drugs (AEDs)
 * Hyperammonemia
 * Eclampsia and, rarely, pre-eclampsia

The most common causes of congenital cortical blindness are:
 * Traumatic brain injury (TBI) to the occipital lobe of the brain
 * Congenital abnormalities of the occipital lobe
 * Perinatal ischemia
 * Encephalitis
 * Meningitis

Diagnosis
A patient with cortical blindness has no vision but the response of his/her pupil to light is intact (as the reflex does not involve the cortex). Therefore, one diagnostic test for cortical blindness is to first objectively verify the optic nerves and the non-cortical functions of the eyes are functioning normally. This involves confirming that patient can distinguish light/dark, and that his/her pupils dilate and contract with light exposure. Then, the patient is asked to describe something he/she would be able to recognize with normal vision. For example, the patient would be asked the following: Patients with cortical blindness will not be able to identify the item being questioned about at all or will not be able to provide any details other than color or perhaps general shape. This indicates that the lack of vision is neurological rather than ocular. It specifically indicates that the occipital cortex is unable to correctly process and interpret the intact input coming from the retinas.
 * "How many fingers am I holding up?"
 * "What does that sign (on a custodian's closet, a restroom door, an exit sign) say?"
 * "What kind of vending machine (with a vivid picture of a well-known brand name on it) is that?"

Fundoscopy should be normal in cases of cortical blindness. Cortical blindness can be associated with visual hallucinations, denial of visual loss (Anton–Babinski syndrome), and the ability to perceive moving but not static objects (Riddoch syndrome).

Outcome
The prognosis of a patient with acquired cortical blindness depends largely on the original cause of the blindness. For instance, patients with bilateral occipital lesions have a much lower chance of recovering vision than patients who suffered a transient ischemic attack or women who experienced complications associated with eclampsia. In patients with acquired cortical blindness, a permanent complete loss of vision is rare. The development of cortical blindness into the milder cortical visual impairment is a more likely outcome. Furthermore, some patients regain vision completely, as is the case with transient cortical blindness associated with eclampsia and the side effects of certain anti-epilepsy drugs.

Recent research by Krystel R. Huxlin and others on the relearning of complex visual motion following V1 damage has offered potentially promising treatments for individuals with acquired cortical blindness. These treatments focus on retraining and retuning certain intact pathways of the visual cortex which are more or less preserved in individuals who sustained damage to V1. Huxlin and others found that specific training focused on utilizing the "blind field" of individuals who had sustained V1 damage improved the patients' ability to perceive simple and complex visual motion. This sort of 'relearning' therapy may provide a good workaround for patients with acquired cortical blindness in order to better make sense of the visual environment.

Books

 * Vighetto, A., & Krolak-Salmon, P. (2007). Cortical blindness. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Papers

 * Balliet, R., Blood, K. M., & Bach-y-Rita, P. (1985). Visual field rehabilitation in the cortically blind? : Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry Vol 48(11) Nov 1985, 1113-1124.
 * Trevethan, C. T., & Sahraie, A. (2003). Spatial and temporal processing in a subject with cortical blindness following occipital surgery: Neuropsychologia Vol 41(10) 2003, 1296-1306.

title: Cortical blindness


text:
Weetos

Weetos is a brand of chocolate-flavoured breakfast cereal produced by Weetabix Food Company. The name comes from the fact that its primary ingredient is wheat (Weet-) and the cereal pieces are in O shapes (-Os), the same naming convention that is used on the company's flagship cereal Weetabix (Wheat Biscuits).

The brand initially began with the Weetos cereal, officially known as Weetos Chocolate Flavour, and has expanded to include Weetos Meteors, Weetos Bars (which are cereal snacks in bar-form), and Weetos Vs. Alien Invasion.

History
Weetos is the only cereal by Weetabix Food Company that is marketed toward the youth and children segment and, as a result, has a long history with mascots. The original mascot, introduced in 1987, was a skateboarder named Derek, who "found life really boring, until new Weetos came out of the blue!", delivered in a broad West Midlands accent. From 1992, the breakfast mascot was Professor Weeto, an elderly gentleman dressed in a white labcoat, whose remaining hair was white and who wore a pair of spectacles constructed from two large Weetos pieces. He was the mascot that acted as the creator and sole advertiser for the cereal. In 2010, he was replaced by The Weeto, a strong Weeto with arms and legs who'd do anything to get into the cereal for children.

In 2006, Weetabix Food Company lowered the amount of sugar present in Weetos by over 35% as part of a drive to appeal to health conscious parents, which resulted in a change of flavour. This was coupled with the dropping of long-running mascot Professor Weeto in favour of neutral images of children participating in various sports.

Weetos Chocolate Flavour
Weetos is packaged in a brown rectangular cardboard box with the logo and an advert of whatever toy is inside.

Ingredients include wholegrain wheat (41%), wheat flour, sugars, cocoa powder, vegetable oil, milk powder and various vitamins and minerals.

Weetos Meteors
Launched in 2008, Weetos Meteors is a space-themed cereal that combines the original O-shape pieces with star and meteor shapes ones. It is one of the few breakfast cereals that directly advertises to children seeing as it is not high in fat, salt and sugar (HFSS) and as a result, doesn't qualify for Ofcom's ban on promotional tie-ups with HFSS food products.

Weetos vs. Alien Invaders
Launched in 2011, Weetos vs. Alien Invaders contains both the original O-shaped pieces along with three ringed alien pieces.

Weetos Bar
Weetos is also available in a 20g cereal bar. They contain chocolate flavour wheat hoops and form soft and chewy bar, with a layer of milk chocolate on the bottom, and are individually wrapped. There is however ambiguity in the calorific content, as the box listed content is 99 calories per bar while the Weetos website declares 88 calories per bar.

title: Weetos


text:
Talk:Catch and release

POV
This seems heavily tilted in favor of catch-and-release fishing. The addition of arguments against it is needed. Musteval 00:09, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

I've expanded this article quite a bit and I believe it's near to NPOV. Comments? 209.105.198.70 02:30, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I will remove the NPOV tag within a few days if there are no objections in further discussion. Dave 05:46, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I removed the POV check tag just now. Dave 23:11, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Mortality
The statement made that "A number of scientific studies have shown extremely high survival rates (95%+)[citation needed] for released fish..." seems not to be supported by research done in this area. A review article by S.J. Casselman in July 2005 presents this table based on catch-and-release studies:

Species           N   Days %Mortality  Reference --- Blue catfish      52    3      5.1     Muoneke, 1993 Channel catfish  214    3     19       Ott and Storey, 1993 Channel catfish  704    6     33       Rutledge, 1975 Channel catfish   14   <1      0       Tilyou and Hoenke, 1992 Flathead catfish  52    3     11.5     Muoneke, 1993 Yellow bullhead   20   <1      0       Tilyou and Hoenke, 1992 Muskellunge        3    5     30       Beggs et al., 1980 Northern pike    242   5-16   0-4.8    Burkholder, 1992 Northern pike     94   4-10   6.4      Falk and Gilman, 1975 Northern pike    185    2     1-33     Dubois et al., 1994 Tiger muskellunge 217   1     9.7      Newman and Storck, 1986 Artic grayling   180    2     0.6      Clark, 1991 Artic grayling   158   4-10   5.1      Falk and Gilman, 1975 Atlantic salmon  300  10-14  0.3-5.7   Warner, 1976 Atlantic salmon  149    5      13      Warner, 1978 Atlantic salmon  177   2-5    4-35     Warner and Johnson, 1978 Atlantic salmon 1221   3-14    5.1     Warner, 1979 Atlantic salmon   20           0       Booth et al., 1994 Brook trout      550   7-10   1-57     Shetter and Allison, 1955 Brook trout      806    1     2.6      Shetter and Allison, 1958 Brook trout      630    2     4.3      Nuhfer and Alexander, 1992 Brown trout      490   14    13.5      Hulbert and Engstrom-Heg, 1980 Brown trout      107    1     0.9      Shetter and Allison, 1958 Brown trout      197          0-28     Shetter and Allison, 1955 Brown trout      215   10     3-7      Barwick, 1985 Chinook salmon   888   4-6   22.1      Wertheimer et al., 1989 Chinook salmon   506    5    21-25     Wertheimer, 1988 Chinook salmon   100   1-5    10       Bendock and Alexandersdotitir, 1991 Chinook salmon   245    5    6-11      Bendock and Alexandersdotitir, 1991 Chinook salmon  3618         11.8      Butler and Loeffel, 1972 Chinook salmon    66    2     9.1      Natural Research Consultants, 1989 Coho salmon       85   35   42-55      Milne and Ball, 1956 Coho salmon      147    2    6.8       Natural Research Consultants, 1989 Coho salmon     4861         18.4      Butler and Loeffel, 1972 Coho salmon      384         69.3      Vincent-Lang et al., 1993 Cutthroat trout  652   30 5.11-5.5     Marnell and Hunsaker, 1970 Cutthroat trout  690   30    3.8       Dotson, 1982 Cutthroat trout  509   10    5-73      Hunsaker et al., 1970 Cutthroat trout 72698        0.3       Schill et al., 1986 Cutthroat trout  578    4   1.37-48.5  Titus and Vanicek, 1988 Lake trout       129   4-10  6.98      Falk et al., 1974 Lake trout        67    2   14.9       Loftus et al., 1988 Lake trout        50    2   10         Dextrase and Ball, 1991 Rainbow trout    100  120   95         Mason and Hunt, 1967 Rainbow trout   1000    3    1-10      Klein, 1965 Rainbow trout    159        11-35      Shetter and Allison, 1955 Rainbow trout    300  120   34.5-82    Mason and Hunt, 1967 Rainbow trout     38   10    5-39      Barwick, 1985 Rainbow trout    574    2     5.7-36   Stringer, 1967 Rainbow trout     65  1-2    20        Faccin, 1983 Rainbow trout    346    1     5.2      Shetter and Allison, 1958 Rainbow trout    900   28     2.1      Jenkins, 2003 Rainbow trout    281 29-34   16        Schill, 1996 Striped bass     576    3  1.87-70.39  May, 1990 Striped bass     307    3    38.1      Hysmith et al., 1992 Striped bass     113    3   0-69       Childress, 1989a Striped bass     464   14   16-17      Harrel, 1988 Striped bass     215 30-40  15-29      Diodati, 1991 Striped bass      89   >3   14-67      Bettoli and Osborne, 1998 Striped bass     153    3    6.4       Nelson, 1998 Palmetto bass     89    3    1-29      Childress, 1989a White bass       122    3    0.8       Childress, 1989a Yellow bass        5   <1     60       Tilyou and Hoenke, 1992 Black sea bass    64    2    4.7       Bugley and Shepherd, 1991 Crappie           15   <1     0        Tilyou and Hoenke, 1992 Black crappie    202   <1   19-77      Childress, 1989b White crappie    226  6-11    3        Hubbard and Miranda, 1991 White crappie     69   18    29        Childress, 1989b White crappie     43    3   9.3        Muoneke, 1992a White crappie     13 <504   15.4       Colvin, 1991 Bluegill         170    3  1.1-25.3    Muoneke, 1992b Bluegill         210    3    0-18      Burdick and Wydoski, 1989 Bluegill          75   10   30-88      Siewert and Cave, 1990 Bluegill         200    7    4-14      Barthel et al., 2003 Bluegill         685    3   1.3        Cooke et al., 2003b Pumpkinseed      175    3    0         Cooke et al., 2003b Rock bass         80    5    0         Cooke et al., 2001 Black bass                   5         Lee, 1989 Largemouth bass 1106   1-2  3-16       Bennett et al., 1989 Largemouth bass 3283   <1    14        Schramm et al., 1985 Largemouth bass 3129   28    32        Seidensticker, 1977 Largemouth bass  261   14    19.4      Archer and Loyacano, 1975 Largemouth bass 1351    6    38        Rutledge and Pritchard, 1975 Largemouth bass 1422  7-23   30        May, 1973 Largemouth bass 1863   19    14.3      Welborn and Barkley, 1974 Largemouth bass      14-21   26.7      Schramm et al., 1987 Largemouth bass  285   60    11.2      Pelzman, 1978 Largemouth bass         2     3.2      Hartley and Moring, 1991 Smallmouth bass   70    7    0-11      Clapp and Clark, 1989 Smallmouth bass  634   20   4.2-47.3   Weidlein, 1989 Smallmouth bass         2     8.9      Hartley and Moring, 1991 Smallmouth bass  458          0-8.5    Bennett et al., 1989 Smallmouth bass   61    2     4.9      Jackson and Willis, 1991 Smallmouth bass  238    3     0        Dunmall et al., 2001 Guadalupe bass    85    3    2.4       Muoneke, 1991 Spotted bass      47    3    8.5       Muoneke, 1992a Walleye          180   12    1.1       Fletcher, 1987 Walleye          865    5    40        Goeman, 1991 Walleye           47    3     0        Parks and Kraai, 1991 Walleye         2357    3    21        Fielder and Johnson, 1992 Walleye               14-28  5-16      Payer et al., 1989 Walleye          240    2    0.8       Schaefer, 1989 Walleye          123    1    23        Rowe and Esseltine, 2002 Sauger            74   <1     4        Bettoli et al., 2000 Black drum        19   <1      0       Martin et al., 1987b Black drum       325          0        Martin et al., 1987a Red drum         171   <1     0        Martin et al., 1987b Red drum         121    3    4.13      Matlock et al., 1993 Red drum          38    3   44.7       Childress, 1989a Red drum         968         0.21      Martin et al., 1987a Spotted seatrout 401    7    37        Hegen et al., 1983 Spotted seatrout  43   <1   20-70      Martin et al., 1987b Spotted seatrout  52  7-9    0-56      Matlock and Dailey, 1981 Spotted seatrout   7        17-27      Hegen et al., 1987 Spotted seatrout 124    3  7.29        Matlock et al., 1993 Spotted seatrout 127       16.54       Martin et al., 1987a White seabass    221   90  10          Aalbers et al., 2004

---Arnejohs 12:20, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Approximately 40% of the studies cited in that table have survival rates very close to 95% or above. There are roughly 150 studies in the table. Hence, about 60 studies (a number?) have reported very high survival rates approaching 95% or above. — Dave 13:17, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * This is a too simple approach to the problem. Firstly some species are more common than others. Secondly the mortality rate has to be related to the number of days after the catch and release. In many of the studies the number of days are less than one week. This only measure the immediate mortality while most of the catch and release related mortality is believed to be long-term consequences of the rough treatment. Rifts and wounds may expose the fish to fungus and bacteria which may kill the fish after several days, weeks or even longer time. Scientifically the statement in the article therefore is hard to defend or to make it clearer: It is a POV and it is probably incorrect. ---Arnejohs 13:31, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * So you're saying the statement is true, but only misleading? That's not exactly a ringing endorsement . . . Ruakh 15:53, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * ? I don’t really see your point. If you read my comment above you will see I classified the statement as a PointOfView which probably is incorrect. How you read this to “true but misleading” is hard for me to understand.---Arnejohs 17:52, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * You misunderstand: I was replying to Dave's comment, not to yours. Ruakh 19:08, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I am sorry. Thank you for clarifying. --- Arnejohs 19:19, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * No worries. :-) Ruakh 00:09, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I have now entered the POV check label on the basis of the above discussion. ---Arnejohs 17:57, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Someone needs to look at the biological aspect of this situation. When fish get hooked and are being reeled in, they are in the "fight or flight" mode, and are trying to swim away for their lives. They do not think "Oh, the fisherman is going to let me go. This is all just a sport. I will give a good struggle for fun." They are fighting for survival. This fight or flight mode (all animals and humans have this too) results in lactic acid fermentation. When too much lactate builds up in an organism, it will die. Even though you release the fish and they swim away and seem fine, you fail to see that they die a few days later due to this lactate buildup.

 * I would like to mention that, sad as the fact may be that some released fish most certainly die of their experience, the survival rate for fish that are not returned to the water is zero (mortality = 100%). I find the "morality" issues raised here to be a bit out of place - surely there might be a morality of fishing (& hunting, etc.) article that could be referred to.  Because the "problem" is the fishing, not the releasing.  And as far as the lactic acid buildup biology, that is the reason for using "robust equipment" and minimising the length of the "fight".  The opposite, using light tackle and maximising the struggle for the "pleasure" of it, results in a fish that is thoroughly exhausted and much less likely to survive.  Any thoughts?  human 00:54, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure a morality section would be worth including if it weren't that many people think catch-and-release is all hunky dory for the fish. It's reasonable for an article on catch-and-release to discuss the controversy: a lot of scientists have argued on a number of bases that it's not. —RuakhTALK 01:49, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

POV tag
I have removed the POV-check tag, as it's been attached to the article for months now with no particular change either way. FCYTravis 13:29, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Pain Studies
Thye referenced articles which the author claims demonstrate pain sensitivity do not show any such thing. They clearly sow taht fish have chemical receptors in their mouths. the rubbing hey exhibit when venom is injected is a reaction to the chemical, not necessarily pain.

It is significant that NO study has shown such behavior when a fish is imapled by a hook. In fact, fish do not have pain receptors in their mouths, hence cannot feel the hook. The physiological reactions cited when fish are caught are actually reactions to being pulled though the water and dissipate very rapidly when pressure is relaxed on the line whether or not the hook is removed.

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by Vintega (talk • contribs).

Recent edits
I canged fishermen to sports fishers because the word fisherman describes a person catching fish for food or for sale, and is distinctly different from a person fishing for recreational purposes.

Fish fight because they feel the pull of the line, not because the hook in their mouth hurts. Millions of fishermen around the world have observed hooked fish not fighting until line pressure is applied to them. I have a science background, I know all about scientific papers etc, but just because this observation is not published in a scientific paper does not make it valid. I will be mentioning it in the article.

Also regarding the article. I have changed it so that it is serving its primary function as a quick reference for people who want to know how to catch and release fish properly. They look it up on Wikipedia and bang, they get quick tips on how to catch and release fish. The detailed information is then below for them to read if they so wish.

Codman 04:17, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I've removed your "Quick Tips for Effective Catch and Release" section, as that's not what an encyclopedia is for (see WP:NOT); however, you may wish to contribute that information to Wikibooks, one of Wikipedia's sister projects: its goal is to make open-content textbooks, which seems to be your goal here. Once there's a Wikibook on the subject, this article can link to it in its "External links" section (by making use of the  template). The full text that I removed is available at http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catch_and_release&diff=111769253&oldid=111757679. —RuakhTALK 06:09, 1 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks, but I don't agree. I have put these tips under "Catch and Release Techniques"; "Catch and Release Techniques" is a logical sub-section to have in this article, and it is the logical sub-section in which to list the key compoments of catch and release methodology.  I think this is a very reasonable compromise; we must list what the key components of catch and release methodolgy is.  Shortly I will insert weblinks to Triple Grip treble hooks (which are perfect for barbless hook fishing) and Environets.  Cheers, Codman 23:42, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

For reasons similar to those stated by Codman above, I moved the debate section to the end. Opponents of catch and release are insignificant in comparison to the efforts made by catch and release anglers to educate recreational anglers on proper handling of fish, including the reduction of waste and abuse. Perhaps the entire section should be placed in the article on Animal rights, indigenous hunting philosophy, or some other more appropriate place. JStripes 03:58, 14 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I totally agree. Will someone do this?  Codman 23:20, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

Links to products
There are several links in this article to websites that sell products such as catch-and-release nets. That seems like a conflict of interest to me. Should they be removed?

Togamoos (talk) 00:39, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, all five external links were commercial or weren't about catch and release. I have replaced them with focused links (now too many - that's another issue!). --Geronimo20 (talk) 03:50, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

Barbless pic
Seems this article is need of someone to take a picture of a barbless hook, neither pic included is one. 75.80.123.231 (talk) 00:47, 28 August 2011 (UTC)

Confusing sentence
I found this sentence incredibly confusing: "New research indicates that bait mortality is more closely related to technique than to the fact that one is fishing bait, and that bait mortality is much lower than once thought." Part of the reason for the confusion is that this is the first time the terms "bait mortality" and "fish[ing] bait" appear in the article and their meaning is not established. Stephen C. Carlson (talk) 15:34, 6 April 2012 (UTC)

Relevancy and possible POV of unsourced claim
"The research does not explain why popular gamefish such as largemouth bass would intentionally prey on spiny fish and crustaceans, that regularly cause hook-like puncture wounds to the inside of their mouths."

That line has no citation, and seems to be a wink-and-nod toward the idea that fish do not feel oral pain. If no defense is given for why this line is included, I'm going to remove it. 71.162.96.31 (talk) 00:44, 4 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Even so, it is a valid point that needs addressing. Perhaps there are strategic areas inside their mouth that can accommodate and heal punctures without distress. Instead of just deleting the comment because you don't like it, why not search the literature and see if any research explicitly addresses this point? --Epipelagic (talk) 01:10, 4 August 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Catch and release. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141129021150/http://www.amff.com/assets/images/archived-journals/1982-Vol09-No2web.pdf to http://www.amff.com/assets/images/archived-journals/1982-Vol09-No2web.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:21, 17 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Catch and release. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080325092655/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/fisheries/articles/catch_release.shtml to http://www.dnr.state.md.us/fisheries/articles/catch_release.shtml
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080531015112/http://seagrant.gso.uri.edu/factsheets/catch-release_fs.html to http://seagrant.gso.uri.edu/factsheets/catch-release_fs.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/19980130054154/http://www.nativefish.asn.au/cr.html to http://www.nativefish.asn.au/cr.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:54, 1 August 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Catch and release. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091014095008/http%3A//www.buzzle.com/editorials/4%2D30%2D2003%2D39769.asp to http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/4-30-2003-39769.asp
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081119035004/http://www.about-flyfishing.com/library/weekly/JamesRose.pdf to http://about-flyfishing.com/library/weekly/JamesRose.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:50, 12 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Catch and release


text:
Patrick Magee (Irish republican)

Patrick Joseph Magee (born 1951 ) is a former Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) volunteer, best known for planting a bomb in the Brighton Grand Hotel targeting Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and her Cabinet, which killed five people. He is often referred to as the Brighton bomber.

Early life and IRA career
Patrick Magee was born in Belfast and moved with his family to Norwich when he was two years old. He returned to Belfast at the age of 18 in 1969 and in 1972 joined the Provisional IRA. He was interned without trial at Long Kesh between June 1973 and November 1975.

Brighton hotel bombing
The plot to bomb the Grand Hotel had started as an act of revenge for the stance the British government had taken over the 1981 Irish hunger strike.

Magee had stayed in the hotel under the false name of Roy Walsh four weeks previously, during the weekend of 14–17 September 1984. He planted the bomb, with a long-delay timer, in the bathroom wall of his room, number 629. The bomb exploded at 2:54 a.m. on 12 October 1984, killing five people and injuring 34. He was arrested in the Queen's Park area of Glasgow on 22 June 1985 with four other IRA members, including Martina Anderson, while planning other bombings in England. In April 2023 the Scottish Special Branch officer in charge was interviewed and gave an account of the operation and arrests. At his trial in September 1986, he received eight life sentences, with the judge branding him "a man of exceptional cruelty and inhumanity". In August 2000, Magee admitted to The Guardian that he carried out the bombing, but told them he did not accept he left a fingerprint on the registration card, saying "If that was my fingerprint I did not put it there". While in prison, he completed a PhD examining the representation of Irish republicans in Troubles fiction. In August 1997, he married for a second time.

After prison
Magee was released from prison in 1999 under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement, having served 14 years. Originally he was sentenced to eight life sentences and a minimum tariff of 35 years. Jack Straw, the then Home Secretary, attempted to block Magee's release, but this attempt was overturned by the High Court.

He continues to defend his role in the blast, but he has expressed remorse for the loss of innocent lives. One of the victims of the bombing was Sir Anthony Berry, whose daughter Jo Berry publicly met Magee in November 2000 in an effort at achieving reconciliation. They have met several dozen times since that date.

Harvey Thomas, a senior adviser to Thatcher who survived the bombing, forgave Magee in 1998. Thomas has since developed a friendship with Magee, including hosting him in his own home. Thomas cited his Christian faith as the reason why he felt compelled to forgive. Norman Tebbit, whose wife was paralysed in the Brighton bombing, has asserted that he could only forgive Magee if he went to the police and provided them with the names of anyone else who was responsible for the bombing. He has argued that giving up violence is insufficient, stating: "If Dr. Shipman had announced he was not going to murder any more of his patients, I don't think we would have felt that was a case for going 'good old Shipman' and giving him a slap on the back and a special award from the BMA."

Books

 * Patrick Magee, Gangsters or Guerrillas? Representations of Irish Republicans in 'Troubles Fiction' (2001) ISBN 1-900960-14-1
 * Patrick Magee, Where Grieving Begins: Building Bridges after the Brighton Bomb – a Memoir' (2021) ISBN 978-0-7453-4177-4

title: Patrick Magee (Irish republican)


text: User talk:65.7.138.162

title: User talk:65.7.138.162