text:
Talk:LMS Coronation Class

Photos and copyright
LOL....You crafty git!!!!! :-) ChrisRed 10:06, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I beat you to uploading those photos you mean? Yeah, you get the credit for finding them. Dunc|☺ 11:37, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I do like a bit of the old black-and-white; dont you?. Very moody.  BTW, nothing heard from 'Ron Healey', re the Duke pic.  How do we stand if Mr Healey is no longer with us?. — Preceding unsigned comment added by ChrisRed (talk • contribs) 13:38, 29 September 2005

 * If he's passed away, copyright of works published during his lifetime is inherited by his next of kin or to whomever he gives it to in his will. His work then becomes public domain on the next first of January 70 years after his death.  So if he died yesterday, it'd be 1st January 2076 before that happenned.  This is because of the corporate thieves oppressing the right of the people to their work, etc, etc, etc...

 * However, there is a market for photographs like this, and you might be in luck £2.50 for an anonymous 1955 photo of the Duke, (assuming that copyright is also bought, though i'm not 100% you wouldn't be in trouble if the original author did by some miracle turn up, but I think it'd be fairly safe if you explained that you assume in good faith that you do buy the copyright when you buy the image.  It might be an idea to ask at Wikipedia talk:Copyrights, though everyone will probably be clueless. Dunc|☺ 14:16, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Fairy Nuff. I absolutely hate nitpickers, but isn't that the South end of Crewe station?.  Memory fades, but I'm sure that wall in the background runs along the east side of the station.  Also there's a tiny typo in your text (bath/batch) I didn't want to appear a smartass by correcting it. I'll sit tight for a few days for Mr Healey.  Somebody got the e-mail, because it would have bounced back otherwise.(ChrisRed) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.213.215.153 (talk) 14:36, 29 September 2005

Yes I tried to email John Griffiths at two email addresses that are on his websites but got bounced back. Just what did you say though? We have boilerplate request for permission letters which might help. Dunc|☺ 20:04, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

I got bounced by John Griffiths' address too, but I managed to dig out another address for Ron Healey. Perhaps it is 'a' Ron Healey rather than 'the' Ron Healey, time will tell, although he was definitely a rail buff living in NZ. (ChrisRed) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.213.215.153 (talk) 06:58, 30 September 2005

 * I got through to John Griffiths through his mates. I think Ron Healey is ignoring me.  Never mind, I have others in the pipeline. Dunc|☺ 23:14, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

You may be interested to know - I have just (27/1/06) contacted Yahoo - Ron's e-mail provider- to see if I can get his contact details. I am the one who posted the query message on a.b.p.rail about him - a short time ago. I still have not had any response from him either — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.26.16.67 (talk) 00:45, 27 January 2006

Blue livery
Is there any point in mentioning BR experimental blue livery twice in the liveries section? Or is it me being a bit pedantic? (Bulleid Pacific 21:44, 11 April 2007 (UTC))
 * The BR experimental blue livery is not mentioned twice. The experimental blue is mentioned once, the standard blue is mentioned once. The experimental blue is ignored by Mannion and Sixsmith in their books but Jenkinson states it was carried by 7 locomotives. These 7 were painted in 1948 and were in a paler blue to the BR standard blue and had initially black and yellow lining, later changed to black and white. These 7 are considered by Jenkinson as the prototypes for the BR standard blue. The standard blue was adopted in 1949, a year later, which backs up Jenkinson thoughts on the 1948 scheme. The standard blue was not experimental, it was meant to be a standard livery for the bigger passenger locomotives, but due to it's poor performance in traffic in was decided to abandon it in 1951. Gawthorpe Dave 19:50, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

I'd like to resurrect this discussion, as the "Table of BR liveries" shows the experimental blue as a lighter shade of standard with white/black/white lining. I accept that such a livery did exist experimentally (as discussed in Jenkinson), but I do not believe the 7 locos painted in 1948 all received this livery at that time. Original colour photographic evidence of 46224 Alexandra exists showing her in a darker blue with red lining (very akin to the GER), and variations of this livery were applied to 8Ps across the regions (sometimes unhelpfully referred to as 'Experimental Purple'). I am almost certain I can find a reference to back this up in Nock, and of course photographs exist in Huntriss' "Colour of Steam" volume on the LMS Pacifics (or possibly the LMS in colour). However, this causes difficulty with the table. We can either replace the colours in the header with something like HEX #4729CB with red lining, but this would obfuscate the lighter blue version of standard livery applied to (amongst possible others) 46244 "KGV" (citation to follow when I find it again!). Alternatively, we add a new column for the GER style livery, but then face the challenge of having to work out which locos had which and when. Personally, I am minded to treat all 7 locos named by Jenkinson as having the darker GER style livery in 1948, since this coincides with the same livery being applied to other regions (with 'BRITISH RAILWAYS' tender legend). But this is a tricky area. I feel this is of value to those modelling the class, as it represents one of the broadest range of liveries for a single class. Mja58 (talk) 18:25, 20 September 2022 (UTC)

Most powerful pasenger loco?
"They were the most powerful passenger steam locomotives ever to be built for the British railway network"

I would dispute this. The LNER Class P2 article makes the same claim, and is listed as having a higher tractive effort (43'462 lbf vs 40'000 lbf). 86.20.206.100 (talk) 20:09, 6 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Tractive effort is not a measure of power. It is a theoretical calculation of the maximum force which the locomotive could exert on starting, based upon just five values: rated boiler pressure; cylinder bore; piston stroke; number of cylinders; and driving wheel diameter. Although it typically allows for 15% losses, it does not scientifically take into account a large number of other factors which affect the power which may be exerted, such as the capacity to boil water, superheating, internal resistance of steam passages, leaks therefrom, number of driven wheels in contact with the rail, mechanical stiffness, rail friction, coal quality, skills of driver and fireman. TE has often been used to compare locomotives, but this is erroneous: the only fair test is a direct trial, either on a testing plant, or out the line. -- Red rose64 (talk) 20:33, 6 February 2012 (UTC)

There is another factor which supports the claim that the Coronations were the most powerful locomotives ever operated on the British railway network:- they regularly hauled 21 carriage trains out of Euston for Glasgow, something that the LNER locomotives were never able to emulate. They also pulled long - 21 carriage trains over Shap and Beattock without a banking locomotive. Lankyman. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.244.57.35 (talk) 17:09, 22 July 2014

Further to the above paragraph, the February 1939 test runs over the West Coast route of 6234 Duchess of Abercorn after its fitting with a double blastpipe & chimney are worth noting - peak indicated drawbar horsepower (idhp) reached approx. 3300, a magnitude more usually associated with Deltics and the first generation of 25kV Bo-Bo electrics built for the West Coast Main Line. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:630:301:1140:7059:E024:E5B8:A7FA (talk) 12:25, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

Livery codes
I removed this from the livery section- I presume the codes are some kind of official LMS notation?

LMS Streamliner – Blue, Red, Shop Grey, Wartime Black (Code C22)

LMS Non-streamliner – Red (Code A11), Wartime Black (Code C22), Experimental Grey, 1946 Black (Code B12; a few early repaints Code B13) --Ning-ning (talk) 22:13, 26 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Not necessarily. Some books use codes within the text as a form of link to a longer description at the back; these are usually unofficial. -- Red rose64 (talk) 22:49, 26 March 2012 (UTC)
 * I thought at first they were Carter's numbers, from British Railway Liveries, but they're not. --Ning-ning (talk) 23:16, 26 March 2012 (UTC)
 * No, Carter uses simple integers 1-50, and those refer to particular colours, not to livery styles. Thus, Carter's codes relevant to the Coronations are 24 Royal blue and 28 crimson-lake.
 * If codes like A11, B12 and C22 were official, they would surely be mentioned in a book like
 * but I don't see anything resembling livery codes (A11 etc. or otherwise) in the extensive description of liveries on pp. 136-159. -- Red rose64 (talk) 10:35, 28 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Got some doubts about the "Royal blue", as Haresnape states Prussian blue, a different colour, but he also says it was intended to be a match for Caledonian blue, without saying which Caley blue! Ning-ning (talk) 20:32, 28 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Got some doubts about the "Royal blue", as Haresnape states Prussian blue, a different colour, but he also says it was intended to be a match for Caledonian blue, without saying which Caley blue! Ning-ning (talk) 20:32, 28 March 2012 (UTC)

Page numbers in Jenkinson 1982
I've just found a copy of Jenkinson (1982), ISBN 0-86093-176-5, and although there are plate numbers, there are no page numbers. Where have these come from in all the references to this book? (User:Redrose64 editing whilst logged out - public library) --194.81.226.131 (talk) 18:42, 11 November 2016 (UTC)
 * I confirm that the above post was by me, logged out. It's mainly for the attention of . -- Red rose64 (talk) 23:52, 11 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:LMS Coronation Class


text: Talk:Trade secret

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Trade secret


text:
Seoul Raiders

Seoul Raiders is a 2005 Hong Kong action film co-written and directed by Jingle Ma and starring Tony Leung Chiu-wai, Richie Jen and Shu Qi. The film is a sequel to the 2000 film Tokyo Raiders.

Plot
Agent Lam teams up with JJ to track a pair of plates used to make counterfeit American dollars.

When the plates are captured and make their way to Korea, Lam gets on a plane and searches for the plates in Seoul, tracking a man who he believes to have stolen them. During the hunt, he comes across JJ, who happens be a thief with a hidden agenda. When JJ thinks she has successfully walked away with the plates, she does not realize Lam has preempted her by swapping it with an empty case.

Lam goes to the US Embassy with the plates to claim the $30 million reward offered but is outwitted by a staffer named Owen, who manages to drug him and flee to Korea with the plates.

Lam immediately follows Owen to Korea and meets up with a bevy of pretty Korean assistants. When Owen is about to trade the plates with "Black Bear", a top dog of the Korean underworld, Lam and his girls break in to thwart the deal, but Owen escapes with the plates in the nick of time.

Meanwhile, Lam bumps into JJ in Korea, and the pair decide to work together to take back the plates and split the reward. While Owen is immersing himself in a hot spring, Lam sneaks in and snatches the plates. He then uses the plates to lure Owen into his trap, arresting him in the end. Only then does he realize that Owen is in fact a CIA undercover agent.

While Lam and Owen reconcile and decide to cooperate to bring down "Black Bear", JJ secretly retrieves the plates from Owen's hiding place but only ends up leading "Black Bear" to the plates and is kidnapped.

Lam and Owen has no alternative but to meet "Black Bear" in a deserted sports stadium to settle the deal once and for all.

Cast

 * Tony Leung Chiu-wai as Agent Lam
 * Richie Jen as Owen
 * Shu Qi as JJ
 * James Kim as Black Bear

Reception
David Cornelius of DVD Talk rated it 3.5/5 stars and called it a "breezy blend of action and comedy". William Lee of DVD Verdict wrote, "Like a stir-fry of new ingredients combined with leftover ideas, Seoul Raiders is a big serving of entertaining, though forgettable, action-comedy." Derek Elley of Variety compared it negatively to the first film and called it a hastily written sequel that capitalizes on the popularity of Korean culture. Beyond Hollywood called it "popcorn entertainment through and through". Stina Chyn of Film Threat rated it 3/5 stars and called it disappointing except for Tony Leung Chiu-wai's performance.

title: Seoul Raiders


text:
Talk:Central Foreign Affairs Commission

Untitled
When was this committee instituted? I've been planning to write an article on external relations of CCP post-1962. Could that material be posted here? --Soman 10:07, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Central Foreign Affairs Commission


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User talk:Kugrian

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Rosa Coote

Rosa Coote is a fictional dominatrix appearing as a stock character in a number of works of Victorian erotica, including The Convent School, or Early Experiences of A Young Flagellant (as the notional author) by William Dugdale  and "Letters to a Lady Friend" or "Miss Coote's Confession" in The Pearl. Henry Spencer Ashbee writes of The Convent School that "The book is not altogether badly written; no part of the narrative however is attractive".

The surname "Coote" is taken from the historical General Sir Eyre Coote, who was disgraced in a flogging scandal in 1815: in "Miss Coote's Confession" the general is stated to be Rosa Coote's grandfather. The character is probably based on the real-life Theresa Berkley who ran a brothel in Soho in the 1830s.

The character reappears in The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen by Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill. She is Headmistress of the Correctional Academy for Wayward Gentlewomen, where the League discover Hawley Griffin, the Invisible Man, impregnating her students (who believe he is the Holy Spirit), including Rebecca Randall (from Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm) and Pollyanna Whittier (from Pollyanna and Pollyanna Grows Up).

title: Rosa Coote


text:
Nivelle offensive

The Nivelle offensive (16 April – 9 May 1917) was a Franco-British operation on the Western Front in the First World War which was named after General Robert Nivelle, the commander-in-chief of the French metropolitan armies, who led the offensive. The French part of the offensive was intended to be strategically decisive by breaking through the German defences on the Aisne front within 48 hours, with casualties expected to be around 10,000 men. A preliminary attack was to be made by the French Third Army at St Quentin and the British First, Third and Fifth armies at Arras, to capture high ground and divert German reserves from the French fronts on the Aisne and in Champagne. The main offensive was to be delivered by the French on the Chemin des Dames ridge (the Second Battle of the Aisne). A subsidiary attack was to be made by the Fourth Army (the Third Battle of Champagne). The final stage of the offensive was to follow the meeting of the British and French armies, having broken through the German lines, to pursue the defeated German armies towards the German frontier.

The Franco-British attacks were tactically successful; the French Third Army of Groupe d'armées du Nord (GAN, Northern Army Group) captured the German defences west of the Hindenburg Line (Siegfriedstellung) near St Quentin from 1 to 4 April, before further attacks were repulsed. The British Third and First armies achieved the deepest advance since trench warfare began, along the Scarpe river in the Battle of Arras, which inflicted many casualties on the Germans, attracted reserves and captured Vimy Ridge to the north. The main French offensive on the Aisne began on 16 April and also achieved considerable tactical success but the attempt to force a strategically decisive battle on the Germans was a costly failure and by 25 April the main offensive had been suspended.

The failure of the Nivelle strategy and the high number of French casualties led to mutinies, the dismissal of Nivelle, his replacement by Philippe Pétain and the adoption of a defensive strategy by the French, while their armies recuperated and rearmed. Fighting known as the Battle of the Observatories continued for local advantage all summer on the Chemin des Dames and along the Moronvilliers heights east of Reims. In late October, the French conducted the Battle of La Malmaison (23–27 October), a limited-objective attack on the west end of the Chemin-des-Dames, which forced the Germans to abandon their remaining positions on the ridge and retire across the Ailette valley. The British remained on the offensive for the rest of the year fighting the battles of Messines, 3rd Ypres and Cambrai.

Strategic developments
After the costly fighting at Verdun and on the Somme in 1916, General Robert Nivelle replaced Marshal Joseph Joffre as the commander of the French armies on the Western Front in December. Nivelle claimed that a massive barrage on German lines would bring France victory in 48 hours. The Russian Revolution, the German withdrawal to the Hindenburg Line and the likelihood of a declaration of war by the US, made some assumptions of the plan obsolete. At a meeting on 6 April, despite the doubts of other politicians, the army group commanders and the British, Alexandre Ribot, the new French Prime Minister supported the plan. Nivelle offered his resignation but it was refused, despite Nivelle's authority having been undermined. Preparing the Nivelle Offensive was a huge and costly undertaking, involving c. 1.2 million troops and 7,000 artillery pieces on a front between Reims and Roye. The principal effort was an attack on the German positions along the Chemin des Dames ridge, in the Second Battle of the Aisne and an eventual link with the British. The plan had been in development since December 1916 but the preparations were plagued by delays and information leaks. By April 1917, the plans were well known to the German army, which made extensive defensive preparations, by adding fortifications to the Aisne front and reinforcing the 7th Army (General der Infanterie Max von Boehn) with divisions released by the retreat to the Hindenburg Line in Operation Alberich.

Franco-British preparations
Nivelle left Petain in command of Groupe d'armées de Centre (GAC) and established a new Groupe d'armées de Reserve (GAR, Joseph Micheler) for the attack along the Chemin des Dames with the Fifth Army (General Olivier Mazel), the Sixth Army (General Charles Mangin) and the Tenth Army (General Denis Duchêne). Forty-nine infantry and five cavalry divisions were massed on the Aisne front with 5,300 guns. The ground at Brimont began to rise to the west towards Craonne and then reached a height of 180 m along a plateau which continued westwards to Fort Malmaison. The French held a bridgehead 20 km wide on the north bank of the Aisne, south of the Chemin des Dames, from Berry-au-Bac to Fort Condé on the road to Soissons.

German preparations
German air reconnaissance was possible close to the front although longer-range sorties were impossible to protect because of the greater number of Allied aircraft. The qualitative superiority of German fighters enabled German air observers on short-range sorties, to detect British preparations for an attack on both sides of the Scarpe; accommodation for 150,000 men was identified in reconnaissance photographs. On 6 April a division was seen encamped near Arras, troop and transport columns crowded the streets, more narrow-gauge railways and artillery were seen to have moved closer to the front. British aerial activity opposite the 6th Army greatly increased and by 6 April Ludendorff was certain that an attack was imminent. By early April German air reinforcements had arrived the Arras front, telephone networks had been completed and a common communications system for the air and ground forces built.

On the Aisne front German intelligence had warned that an attack on 15 April against German airfields and observation balloons by the Aéronautique Militaire was planned. The Luftstreitkräfte arranged to meet the attack but it was cancelled. Dawn reconnaissance had been ordered, to scrutinise French preparations and they gave the first warning of attack on 16 April. German artillery-observation aircraft crews were able to range guns on terrain features, areas and targets before the offensive began so that the positions of the heaviest French guns, advanced batteries and areas not under French bombardment could be reported quickly along with the accuracy of German return-fire. Ground communication with the German artillery was made more reliable by running telephone lines along steep slopes and deep valleys which were relatively free of French artillery-fire; wireless control stations had been set up during the winter to link aircraft to the guns.

Morale
Verdun cost the French nearly 400,000 casualties and the conditions undermined morale, leading to a number of incidents of indiscipline. Although relatively minor, they reflected a belief among the rank and file that their sacrifices were not appreciated by their government or senior officers. Combatants on both sides claimed the battle was the most psychologically exhausting of the war; recognising this, Pétain frequently rotated divisions, in a process known as the noria system. While this ensured units were withdrawn before their ability to fight was significantly eroded, it meant that a high proportion of the French army was affected by the battle. By the beginning of 1917, morale was questionable, even in divisions with good combat records.

St. Quentin–Arras
Groupe d'armées du Nord on the northern flank of Groupe d'armées de Reserve (GAR) had been reduced to one army with three corps and began French operations with preliminary attacks by the Third Army on German observation points at St. Quentin on 1–4, 10 and 13 April, which took some of the German defences in front of the Siegfriedstellung (Hindenburg Line) in preliminary operations. The main attack on 13 April made very little progress, against a German defence relying mainly on machine-gun fire and local counter-attacks. On 9 April the British Third Army attacked to the east of Arras from Croisilles to Ecurie, against Observation Ridge, north of the Arras–Cambrai road and then towards Feuchy and the German second and third lines. To the south of the road the initial objective was Devil's Wood to Tilloy-lès-Mofflaines and Bois des Boeufs, with a final objective of the Monchyriegel (Monchy switch line) between Wancourt and Feuchy. The Third Army attack on the German defences either side of the Scarpe river penetrated 6000 yd, the furthest advance achieved since the beginning of trench warfare. Most of the objectives had been reached by the evening of 10 April, except for the line between Wancourt and Feuchy around Neuville-Vitasse. The village fell that day, although the German garrisons in some parts of Monchyriegel held out for several more days. The Third Army consolidated and then advanced on Monchy-le-Preux.

To the north the First Army attacked from Ecurie north of the Scarpe to Vimy Ridge. The crest of the ridge was captured at about 1:00 p.m. in an advance which penetrated about 4000 yd during the day. German reserves had been held too far back from the front and did not begin to reach the battlefield until the evening, when they were able only to reinforce the survivors of the front defences in improvised positions. The British engaged in several general attacks and limited attacks, which took more ground but became increasingly costly, against a German defence which recovered from the defeats of 9 April and organised reverse-slope defences, which were much easier to hold. By 16 May the British had made significant advances and captured 254 German guns but had been unable to achieve a breakthrough. New tactics had been used, particularly in the first phase and had demonstrated that set-piece assaults against elaborately fortified positions could be successful.

Chemin des Dames
The Fifth Army attacked on 16 April at 6:00 a.m., which dawned misty and overcast. From the beginning German machine-gunners were able to engage the French infantry and inflict many casualties, although German artillery-fire was far less destructive. Courcy on the right flank was captured but the advance was stopped at the Aisne–Marne canal. The canal was crossed further north and Bermericourt was captured against a determined German defence. From Bermericourt to the Aisne the French attack was repulsed and south of the river French infantry were forced back to their start-line. On the north bank of the Aisne the French attack was more successful, the 42nd and 69th divisions reached the German second position between the Aisne and the Miette, the advance north of Berry penetrating 2.5 mi. Russian troops participated in the attack and the 1st Russian Brigade captured the village of Kursi; the Russian commander was wounded and the brigade lost more than half of its troops as casualties but captured 635 prisoners and held on to the village.

The attack on the right flank of the Sixth Army, which faced north between Oulches and Missy, took place from Oulches to Soupir and had less success than the Fifth Army; the II Colonial Corps advanced for 0.5 mi in the first thirty minutes and was then stopped. The XX Corps attack from Vendresse to the Oise–Aisne Canal had more success, the 153rd Division on the right flank reached the Chemin des Dames south of Courtecon after a second attack, managing an advance of 1.25 mi. The VI Corps advanced on its west of the Oise–Aisne Canal with its right wing but the left wing was held up. On the northern flank which faced east near Laffaux, I Colonial Corps was able to penetrate only a few hundred yards into the defences of the Condé-Riegel (Condé Switch Line). To the east of Vauxaillon at the north end of the Sixth Army, Mont des Singes was captured with the help of British heavy artillery but then lost to a German counter-attack. The Sixth Army operations took c. 3,500 prisoners but no break-through as achieved and at only one point had the German second position been reached.

On the second day Nivelle ordered the Fifth Army to attack north-eastwards to reinforce success, believing that the Germans intended to hold the ground in front of the Sixth Army. The Fifth Army was not able substantially to advance on 17 April but the Sixth Army, which had continued to attack overnight, forced a German withdrawal from the area of Braye–Condé–Laffaux to the Siegfriedstellung, which ran from Laffaux mill to the Chemin des Dames and joined the original defences at Courtecon. The German retirement was carried out urgently and many guns were left behind, along with "vast" stocks of munitions. The French infantry reached the new German positions with an advance of 4 mi.

Nivelle ordered the Tenth Army forward between the Fifth and Sixth armies on 21 April and local operations were continued on the fronts of the Fourth and Fifth armies with little success. On 4 to 5 May Brimont was to be captured, which would have been of great tactical value to the French; the attack was postponed on the orders of the French government and was then cancelled. The Tenth Army captured the Californie plateau on the Chemin des Dames and the Sixth Army captured the Siegfriedstellung for 2.5 mi along the Chemin des Dames and advanced at the salient opposite Laffaux. By the end of 5 May the Sixth Army had reached the outskirts of Allemant and taken c. 4,000 prisoners, by 10 May 28,500 prisoners and 187 guns had been taken by the French armies.

Champagne
On 17 April the Fourth Army on the left of Groupe d'armées de Centre (GAC) began the subsidiary attack in Champagne from Aubérive to the east of Reims which became known as Bataille des Monts, with the VIII, XVII and XII Corps on an 11 km front. The attack began at 4:45 a.m. in cold rain alternating with snow showers. The right flank guard to the east of Suippes was established by the 24th Division and Aubérive on the east bank of the river and the 34th Division took Mont Cornillet and Mont Blond. The Monts were held against a German counter-attack on 19 April by the 5th and 6th (Eingreif divisions,) the 23rd Division and one regiment between Nauroy and Moronvilliers. On the west bank, the Moroccan Division was repulsed on the right and captured Mont sans Nom on the left. To the north-east of the hill the advance reached a depth of 1.5 mi and next day the advance was pressed beyond Mont Haut and Mont Cornet was captured on 5 May. The Fourth Army attacks took 3,550 prisoners and 27 guns. German attacks on 27 May had temporary success before French counter-attacks recaptured the ground around Mont Haut; lack of troops had forced the Germans into piecemeal attacks instead of a simultaneous attack along all of the front.

Analysis
In 2015, Andrew Uffindell wrote that retrospective naming and dating of events can affect the way in which the past is understood. The Second Battle of the Aisne began on 16 April but the duration and extent of the battle have been interpreted differently. The ending of the battle is usually given as mid-May but Uffindell called this politically convenient, since it excluded the Battle of La Malmaison, in October, making it easier to blame Nivelle for a disaster. Uffindel wrote that the exclusion of La Malmaison was artificial, since the attack was begun from the ground taken from April to May. General Franchet d'Espèrey called La Malmaison "the decisive phase of the Battle...that began on 16 April and ended on 2 November...".

The offensive advanced the front line by 6 – on the front of the Sixth Army, which took 5,300 prisoners and a large amount of equipment. The operation had been planned as a decisive blow to the Germans but by 20 April it was clear that the strategic intent of the offensive had not been achieved and by 25 April most of the fighting had ended. On 3 May the French 2nd Division refused to follow orders to attack and this mutiny soon spread throughout the army. Towards the end of the offensive, the 2nd Division arrived on the battlefield drunk and without weapons. From 16 to 17 May, there were disturbances in a Chasseur battalion of the 127th Division and a regiment of the 18th Division. Two days later a battalion of the 166th Division staged a demonstration and on 20 May, the 128th Regiment of the 3rd Division and the 66th Regiment of the 18th Division refused orders; individual incidents of insubordination occurred in the 17th Division. Over the next two days spokesmen were elected in two regiments of the 69th Division to petition for an end of the offensive. By 28 May, mutinies had occurred in the 9th Division, 158th Division, 5th Division and the 1st Cavalry Division. By the end of May more units of the 5th, 6th, 13th, 35th, 43rd, 62nd, 77th and 170th divisions mutinied; revolts occurred in 21 divisions in May. A record 27,000 French soldiers deserted in 1917; the offensive was suspended on 9 May.

The army, politicians and public were stunned by the chain of events and on 16 May, Nivelle was sacked and moved to North Africa. He was replaced by the considerably more cautious Pétain, with Foch as chief of the General Staff; the new commanders abandoned the strategy of decisive battle for one of recuperation and defence, to avoid high casualties and to restore morale. Pétain had 40–62 mutineers shot as examples and introduced reforms to improve the welfare of French troops, which had a significant effect in restoring morale. The French tactic of assault brutal et continu suited the German defensive dispositions, since much of the new construction had taken place on reverse slopes. The speed of attack and the depth of the French objectives meant that there was no time to establish artillery observation posts overlooking the Ailette valley, in the areas where French infantry had reached the ridge. Tunnels and caves under the ridge nullified much of the destructive effect of the French artillery, which was also hampered by poor visibility and by German air superiority, which made French artillery-observation aircraft even less effective. The rear edge of the German battle zone along the ridge had been reinforced with machine-gun posts; the German divisional commanders chose to fight in the front line and few of the Eingreif divisions were needed to intervene in the battle in the first few days.

Casualties
Grand Quartier Général (GQG), the French general headquarters had predicted c. 10,000 casualties and French medical services were overwhelmed when the offensive began. In 1919, Pierrefeu gave French casualties from 16 to 25 April as 118,000, of whom 28,000 were killed, 5,000 died of wounds, 80,000 were wounded, 20,000 of whom were fit to return to their units by 30 April and 5,000 were taken prisoner. In 1920, Hayes wrote that British casualties were 160,000 and Russian casualties 5,183 men. In 1939, Wynne wrote that the French lost 117,000 casualties including 32,000 killed in the first few days but that the effect on military and civilian morale was worse than the casualties.

In 1962, G. W. L. Nicholson the Canadian official historian, recorded German losses of c. 163,000 and French casualties of 187,000 men. Most of the new French Schneider tanks were destroyed by artillery fire. In 2005, Doughty quoted figures of 134,000 French casualties on the Aisne from 16 to 25 April, of whom 30,000 men were killed, 100,000 were wounded and 4,000 were taken prisoner, the casualty rate being the worst since November 1914. From 16 April to 10 May the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth and Tenth armies took 28,500 prisoners and 187 guns. The advance of the Sixth Army was one of the largest made by a French army since trench warfare began.

Battle of the Observatories
After the substitution of limited objectives for more breakthrough attempts, a French attack on 4–5 May by two regiments, captured Craonne and took the edge of the Californie plateau but was not able to cross the Ailette River. An attack by the Tenth Army took Vauclair and the I Colonial Corps took the ruins of Laffaux Mill, before operations were suspended again on 8 May. The Germans began a counter-offensive from Vauxaillon at the west end of the Chemin des Dames, to the Californie plateau between Hurtebise and Craonne, beyond the east end of the Chemin des Dames and against the Moronvilliers Heights east of Reims, which lasted throughout June. German attacks on 30–31 May prompted a French counter-attack on 18 June and another German attack on 21 June. The main German effort was made in the centre, with five attacks against the Californie plateau from 3 to 6 June, followed by another German attack on 17 June.

On 25 June, a French attack by the 164th Division, supported by flame-throwers, captured the 70 ft-deep Dragon's Cave shelter at Hurtebise and adjacent positions, from which they repulsed a German counter-attack at the end of June. The capture of the Dragon's Cave marked the beginning of the Battle of the Observatories proper, which lasted all summer, as both sides fought for possession of the high ground on the Chemin des Dames. At Vauxaillon at the west end of the Chemin des Dames, German attacks took place on 20, 22 and 23 June with French counter-attacks on 21 and 24 June. On 4 July, a German attack began on a 17 km front between Craonne and Cerny, followed by French counter-attacks on 7 and 9 July; from 5 May the Germans attacked seventy times in eighty days.

Verdun
German attacks were conducted against Côte 304 and Mort Homme on 29 and 30 June, beginning a period of attack and counter-attack which continued into July and August. From 20 to 26 August the French conducted the 2ème Bataille Offensive de Verdun (Second Offensive Battle of Verdun). The French captured Bois d'Avocourt, Mort-Homme, Bois Corbeaux and the Bismarck, Kronprinz and Gallwitz tunnels, which had connected the German front lines to the rear at Mort-Homme and Côte 304. On the right bank, Bois Talou, Champneuville, Côte 344, part of Bois Fosse, Bois Chaume and Mormont Farm were captured. Next day Côte 304, Samogneux and Régnieville fell and on 26 August the French reached the southern outskirts of Beaumont. By 26 August the French had captured 9,500 prisoners, thirty guns, 100 trench mortars and 242 machine-guns. By 9 September, the French had taken more than 10,000 prisoners; fighting continued with German counter-attacks on 21, 22, 27 and 28 August, 24 September and 1 October. Ludendorff wrote that the French army had "quickly overcome its depression".

Battle of La Malmaison
The Battle of La Malmaison (Bataille de la Malmaison 23–27 October 1917) led to the French capture of the village and fort of La Malmaison and control of the Chemin des Dames ridge. Boehn chose to defend the front positions, rather than treat them as an advanced zone and conduct the main defence north of the Canal de l'Oise à l'Aisne. Gas bombardments on low-lying land near the canal dispersed very slowly and became so dense that the carriage of ammunition and supplies to the front was made impossible. Eingreif divisions were distributed in battalions along the front line and caught in the French bombardments, where the infantry shelters had been identified by French air reconnaissance and systematically destroyed.

Zero hour had been set for 5:45 a.m. but the French intercepted a German message ordering the front garrisons to be ready at 5:30 a.m. and changed zero hour to 5:15 a.m. It began to rain at 6:00 a.m. and a force of 63 Schneider CA1 and Saint-Chamond tanks many bogged down in mud. The French infantry and 21 tanks reached the German second position according to plan; the 38th Division captured Fort de Malmaison and XXI Corps took Allemant and Vaudesson. On 25 October the village and forest of Pinon were captured and the line of the Canal de l'Oise à l'Aisne was reached. In four days the French advanced 6 mi and forced the Germans off the Chemin des Dames, back to the north bank of the Ailette valley by the night of 1/2 November. The French took 11,157 prisoners, 200 guns and 220 heavy mortars for c. 10,000 casualties from 23 to 26 October.

Messines
Since mid-1915, the British had been covertly digging mines under the German positions on the ridge. Nineteen mines were fired on 7 June at 3:10 a.m. British Summer Time. The final objectives were largely gained before dark and British losses in the morning were light, although the planners had expected casualties of up to 50 per cent in the initial attack. When the infantry advanced over the far edge of the ridge, German artillery and machine-guns on the valley floor had direct observation and the British artillery was less able to provide covering fire. Fighting continued on the lower slopes on the east side of the ridge until 14 June. The attack prepared the way for the main attack later in the summer, by removing the Germans from the dominating ground on the southern face of the Ypres salient, which they had held for two years.

Third Battle of Ypres
The British conducted a series of attacks in Flanders, beginning with the Battle of Pilckem Ridge (31 July – 2 August), followed by the Battle of Langemarck (16–18 August), The Battle of the Menin Road Ridge (20–25 September), The Battle of Polygon Wood (26 September – 3 October), The Battle of Broodseinde (4 October) The Battle of Poelcappelle (9 October) The First Battle of Passchendaele (12 October) and The Second Battle of Passchendaele (26 October – 10 November) for control of the ridges south and east of the Belgian city of Ypres (Ieper) in West Flanders. The next stage of the Allied strategy was an advance to Torhout–Couckelaere, to close the German-controlled railway running through Roulers and Thourout. Further operations and a British supporting attack along the Belgian coast from Nieuwpoort, combined with an Operation Hush, an amphibious landing, were then to reach Bruges the Dutch frontier via Bruges. The resistance of the German 4th Army, unusually wet weather, the onset of winter and the diversion of British and French resources to Italy, following the Austro-German victory at the Battle of Caporetto (24 October – 19 November) allowed the Germans to avoid a general withdrawal, which had seemed inevitable to them early in October. The campaign ended in November when the Canadian Corps captured Passchendaele. The German submarine bases on the coast remained but the objective of diverting the Germans from the French further south, while they recovered from the failure of the Nivelle Offensive, succeeded.

title: Nivelle offensive


text:
Talk:The Cribs

Untitled
"Gay for the cribs!!!" - Piers .. seen em 4 times to date :-)

This isn't the Crib's website, I suggest a re-styling of the opening paragraph for less bias and more accuracy

The Cribs from Wakefield
Surely the Cribs are from Netherton? Yorkshire Post Wakey Express Wouldn't "Netherton, near Wakefield" be more appropriate if this is correct? Behind The Wall Of Sleep 10:16, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Cribs promo.jpg
Image:Cribs promo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 05:03, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:MensNeeds.JPG
Image:MensNeeds.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 04:59, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:MensNeedsWomensNeedsWhatever.JPG
Image:MensNeedsWomensNeedsWhatever.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 05:00, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Johnny Marr
He was in the members section, when he only worked in the studio with them for a week (unless there is something i missed, but i don't think so) Ianbittiner (talk) 21:29, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

 * No I think this is true, I read in NME a couple of weeks back a short interview with them were they said that they now considerd Mr Marr a full time member.

 * Yakacm (talk) 15:36, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

cribsmas
over christmas the cribs played all of thier albums through over 3 days called the 3 days of cribsmas, is this worthy of going in the article —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.29.41.236 (talk) 20:21, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

Genre Discussion
I think they nicely fit in the post-punk revival tag as for various stylistical similarities in sound and image with other members of the scene as The Strokes, The Futureheads and Maxïmo Park. But I don't know if I'm wrong about them fitting on this tag. —Preceding unsigned comment added by The-15th (talk • contribs) 00:25, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Line Up
"They met at Ossett School" did they, they are all brothers aren’t they? are you saying that they hadn't chanced to bump into each other until they went to school, I find this pretty hard to believe especially considering that two of them are twins.

Yakacm (talk) 15:43, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

POV
Unfortunately the comment above is rather typical of the fancruft claptrap in the article. Consider - These shows held many potential problems for a band playing in front of an incredibly partisan audience, but The Cribs proved their mettle, sticking to their guns by fearlessly chastising the crowd for being 'part-time punks', and lamenting that "If this is what punk-rock means today then you should all be ashamed". Can someone kindly reduce the hyperbole, and stick to verifiable facts. Thank you,

Derek R Bullamore (talk) 20:55, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced/POV/Original Research
I have added several citiation needed tags to the article, as though the section are plasuable they are unreferenced. A good article should cite their sources.

I have also added a original research/unverified claim box to the top of the article. As some of the POV stuff probably falls into this description.

The article really needs a radical re-write, which I may aewttmpt in due course. It seems to be completely neglected. Even the new realease info was put in slapdash (it was under live performances). --Footix2 (talk) 13:47, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Within a day an anonymous user has removed the tags, despite this discussion. --Footix2 (talk) 12:43, 2 July 2009 (UTC)

b sides
i remeber there being a list of b sides on this page.... i dunno why someone took them off, they are loads of them. only right they should be included — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.86.125.142 (talk) 18:50, 1 June 2011 (UTC)

Discography section?
The discography section is getting quite large now would it be a good idea to start a discography page for the band? OBLIVIUS (talk) 23:52, 1 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Cribs


text:
Category talk:Incorporated cities and towns in California

 * See Categories_for_discussion/Log/2007_January_13.

Typically form for city URL's
Do note that most cities in California have websites whose URLs are typically in the form of http://www.ci.city-name.ca.us/

--Geopgeop 10:09, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Merge proposal
I've proposed merging Category:Towns in California into this category. The State of California makes no distinctions on the size of their cities like many Northeast US states do. The only big difference are those that are general law cities, and those that are charter cities. Category:Towns in California seems to be an odd mix of incorporated cities, unincorporated communities, and ghost towns.

There is already the semi-overlapping category:Census-designated places in California and category:Unincorporated communities in California. Communities that fit into those categories should be moved. Incorporated cities should be moved into this category. Blank Verse  09:58, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

Parent Category
Should this category be considered a parent category with all articles being restricted to the county sub category they belong to? Dbiel (Talk) 03:07, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

missing one article
There are said to be 481 cities/towns in California. This category is missing one of them with only 480 articles directly included in this category. How to find it? Hmains (talk) 18:04, 4 February 2011 (UTC)


text:
× Elearethusa

× Elearethusa is an intergeneric hybrid of orchids (family Orchidaceae). Its parents' genera are Arethusa and Eleorchis. It is abbreviated Elsa in trade journals.

title: × Elearethusa


text:
× Elecalthusa

× Elecalthusa is an intergeneric hybrid of orchids (family Orchidaceae). Its parents' genera are Arethusa, Calopogon and Eleorchis. Its abbreviation is Ecth.

title: × Elecalthusa


text:
A G Hunter Cup

The AG Hunter Cup is a competition in harness racing. It is contested over 2,760 metres at Melton Entertainment Park in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It was one of the world's richest handicap standing start events, but it is now contested under mobile start conditions. The race was formerly staged at Moonee Valley before Victoria's new home of harness racing was opened at Melton Entertainment Park.

The race was named after Alex G Hunter, the Trotting Control Board’s first chairman who was inducted into the Victorian Harness Racing Hall Of Fame in 2011. The inaugural race was held for a stake of two thousand pounds ($4000) in 1949 with Silver Peak winning, driven by Frank Culvert.

Race Winners
The following are winners of the A G Hunter Cup.

title: A G Hunter Cup


text:
× Elepogon

× Elepogon, abbreviated Elp, is an intergeneric hybrid of orchids (family Orchidaceae) between the genera Calopogon and Eleorchis.

title: × Elepogon


text:
Herbert Wilson

Herbert Rees Wilson FRSE (20 March 1929 – 22 May 2008) was a physicist, who was one of the team who worked on the structure of DNA at King's College London, under the direction of Sir John Randall.

Early life
He was born the son of a sea captain at Nefyn on the Llŷn Peninsula and educated at Nefyn school and Pwllheli Grammar School. He entered Bangor University, where he gained a first class honours degree in physics in 1949 and a PhD in 1952 under the supervision of professor Edwin Owen.

College education
Having received a University of Wales fellowship, Wilson joined Maurice Wilkins at King's College London in September 1952. The work involved X-ray diffraction studies of DNA, nucleoproteins and cell nuclei. Prior to the double helix model, their studies showed that DNAs from different sources (including biologically active transforming principle) had essentially the same structure, and confirmed that the phosphate groups were on the outside of the molecule.

Scientific discoveries and achievements
Three papers were published in Nature, April 1953, to announce a structure for DNA. Maurice Wilkins, Alex Stokes and Wilson published their paper in the same issue as the paper from Rosalind Franklin and Raymond Gosling, and the paper by Francis Crick and James Watson. The 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine was subsequently jointly awarded to Francis Crick, James Watson, and Maurice Wilkins.

In his autobiography The Third Man of The Double Helix, Maurice Wilkins does not specifically credit Stokes, Wilson and several other co-authors of his papers in Nature. Whether this was deliberate on his part or just rather poor sub-editing by OUP is debatable. It is most likely to have been a matter of expedience, as there were more than five co-authors on several of his later papers on the subject published in Nature or, later, in the Journal of Molecular Biology. Nevertheless, both he and Alex Stokes are now recognized at King's College as two of the eight key researchers that contributed to the discovery of the structure of the A-DNA crystalline structure.

Following the publication of the double helical structure in 1953, Wilson participated in the refinement of the DNA structure in Wilkins' group. In 1957 Professor Wilson was appointed Lecturer in Physics at Queen's College, Dundee, then at University of St Andrews, became a Senior Lecturer in 1964, and then Reader at the University of Dundee in 1973. In 1962 he was Visiting Research Associate at the Children's Cancer Research Foundation, Boston Mass. In 1983 he was appointed Professor of Physics at the University of Stirling from which he retired as Emeritus Professor in 1994. His research at Dundee and Stirling has involved X-ray crystallographic studies of nucleic acid components and their analogues, and structural studies of flexuous viruses. He was awarded an Honorary Fellowship by the University of Wales, Bangor in 2005. In 1975 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

As a Welshman Herbert was honoured in 2003 at the National Eisteddfod in Wales by being given the official white robe of the Gorsedd of Bards.

After suffering from terminal cancer, Wilson died on 22 May 2008. He was survived by his wife, two daughters, and two grandchildren; his son Neil predeceased him in 1996.

Books

 * Herbert R. Wilson. 1966. Diffraction of X-rays by Proteins, Nucleic Acids and Viruses., London: Arnold publs.

Original articles

 * Wilkins, M.H.F., Stokes, A.R. and H.R. Wilson.(1953). Nature, 171, 737.
 * Wilkins, M.H.F., Seeds, W.E., Stokes, A.R. and H.R. Wilson.(1953). Nature, 171, 759.
 * Wilkins, M.H.F., Zubay, G. and H.R. Wilson. (1959). J. Mol. Biol., 1, 179.
 * H.R. Wilson. (with Feughelman, M., & Langridge, R. et al.).(1955). Nature, 175, 834.
 * H.R. Wilson. (with Langridge, R. et al.). (1960). J. Mol. Biol., 2, 19.
 * H.R. Wilson. (with Langridge, R, et al.). (1960). J. Mol. Biol., 2, 38.
 * H.R. Wilson. (with Fuller, W. et al.). (1965). J. Mol. Biol., 12, 60.

Books featuring Herbert R. Wilson

 * Chomet, S. (Ed.), D.N.A. Genesis of a Discovery, 1994, Newman- Hemisphere Press, London; NB a few copies are available from Newman-Hemisphere at 101 Swan Court, London SW3 5RY.
 * Wilkins, Maurice, The Third Man of the Double Helix: The Autobiography of Maurice Wilkins ISBN 0-19-860665-6.
 * Ridley, Matt; "Francis Crick: Discoverer of the Genetic Code (Eminent Lives)" was first published in June 2006 in the US and then in the UK September 2006, by HarperCollins Publishers; 192 pp, ISBN 0-06-082333-X. [This short book is in the publisher's "Eminent Lives" series.]
 * Contributed book: Mathematical and Experimental Biophysicists: Biographies and Related Fields, (Bci2, ed.), pp. 382, 31 January 2010, v.7. in Wikipedia
 * Tait, Sylvia & James "A Quartet of Unlikely Discoveries" (Athena Press 2004) ISBN 1-84401-343-X

title: Herbert Wilson


text:
Talk:Milt Schmidt

Untitled
For the '39-40 season, Schmidt, Bauer, & Dumart were the NHL's top 3 scorers, a feat only repeated 2x more. Trekphiler 19:29, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

Assessment
I have assessed this as Start Class, as it contains more detail and organization than would be expected of a Stub (although it requires more referencing and in-line citations), and of low importance, as I do not feel that many people outside of hockey fans would be familiar with the subject of the article. Cheers, CP 15:16, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Milt Schmidt


text:
Trojan Range

The Trojan Range (-64.53333°N, -63.38333°W) is a mountain range rising to 2760 m, extending northward from Mount Francais along the east side of Iliad Glacier, Anvers Island, in the Palmer Archipelago of the British Antarctic Territory. It was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1955 and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for the Trojans, one of the opposing sides in the Trojan War in Homer's Iliad.

Mountains

 * Mount Français (-64.63333°N, -63.45°W) is a majestic, snow-covered mountain of 2,760 m, which forms the summit of Anvers Island, standing southeast of the center of the island and 6 miles north of Borgen Bay. It was first seen by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, who explored the southeast coast of the island in 1898 and later sighted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who named it for the expedition ship Francais.
 * Mount Hector (-64.6°N, -63.41667°W) is a snow-covered mountain, 2,225 metres, between Mount Francais and Mount Priam in the southern part of the Trojan Range. Surveyed by the FIDS in 1955. Named by the UK-APC for Hector, son of Priam and Commander in Chief of the Trojan and allied armies against the Achaeans in Homer's Iliad.
 * Mount Priam (-64.56667°N, -63.4°W) is the central mass of the Trojan Range, standing 4 miles north of Mount Francais. It is flat-topped and snow-covered and rises to 1,980 m. Surveyed in 1955 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Priam, King of Troy in Homer's Iliad. Xanthus Spur is a mainly ice-covered spur extending northwestward from Mount Priam for three miles. It was named for Xanthus, son of Zeus and the god of one of the two chief rivers of the Trojan plain.

Other features

 * Bull Ridge (-64.68333°N, -63.46667°W) is a ridge lying south of Mount Francais, from which it is separated by a distinct col. It was surveyed by FIDS in 1955–57 and named by UK-APC for George J. Bull, diesel mechanic at Signy Island station in 1955 and general assistant and mountaineer at Arthur Harbour in 1956, who took part in the survey.

title: Trojan Range


text:
Mount Français

Mount Français is a mountain which forms the summit of Anvers Island, Antarctica, in the Antarctic claims of the United Kingdom, Argentina and Chile. It stands southeast of the center of the island and 6 miles north of Borgen Bay. Mount Français has an elevation of 2760 m and is part of the Trojan mountain range.

History
Mount Français was first seen by the members of the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, who explored the southeast coast of the island in 1898. It was later sighted by the French Antarctic Expedition team members, 1903–05, under Charcot, who named it for the expedition ship Français.

Mount Français was first summited on 7 December 1955 by Jim Rennie, Arthur Shewry, and Bill Hindson, members of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey who had spent the 1955 winter at Base E, newly constructed north of Arthur Harbor on Anvers Island.

title: Mount Français


text: Talk:Delaware Sängerbund

title: Talk:Delaware Sängerbund


text:
Alec Stokes

Alexander Rawson Stokes (27 June 1919 – 6 February 2003) was a British physicist at Royal Holloway College, London and later at King's College London. He was most recognised as a co-author of the second of the three papers published sequentially in Nature on 25 April 1953 describing the correct molecular structure of DNA. The first was authored by Francis Crick and James Watson, and the third by Rosalind Franklin and Raymond Gosling.

In 1993, on the 40th anniversary of the publication of the molecular structure of DNA, a plaque was erected in the Quad (courtyard) of the Strand campus of King's College London, commemorating the contributions of Franklin, Gosling, Stokes, Wilson, and Wilkins to "DNA X-ray diffraction studies".

Early life and education
Known by the name Alec,  Stokes was born in Macclesfield, Cheshire. He studied at Cheadle Hulme School in Manchester. He received a first-class degree in the natural science tripos in 1940 at Trinity College, Cambridge and then researched X-ray crystallography of Imperfect Crystals for his PhD in 1943 under the supervision of Lawrence Bragg at the Cavendish Laboratory.

Scientific work
Stokes lectured in physics at Royal Holloway College, London before joining John Randall's Biophysics Research Unit at King's College London in 1947. He has been credited as being the first person to demonstrate that the DNA molecule was probably helical in shape. Maurice Wilkins wrote in his autobiography that he asked Stokes to predict what a helical structure would look like as an x-ray diffraction photograph, and that he was able to determine this by the next day through mathematical calculations made during a short train journey. Stokes continued to work on optical diffraction in large biological molecules. His publications include the books The Theory of the Optical Properties of Inhomogeneous Materials. London: E. and F.N. Spon Ltd, (1963) and The Principles of Atomic and Nuclear Physics C.J. Smith and A.R. Stokes, London, Edward Arnold, (1972) ISBN 0-7131-2313-3.

Later life
Stokes retired from King's College London as a senior lecturer in 1982. He was a choral singer, played the piano and was an elder in his local free church, in Welwyn Garden City. He died on 5 February 2003, survived by his wife, Margaret, two sons, Gordon Stokes and Ian Stokes and a daughter, Jean Stokes.

title: Alec Stokes


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Talk:Tom Lysiak

Untitled
Lookit that table! We need 10cc of wikification, STAT! Tamarkot 00:25, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tom Lysiak


text:
Because You're Mine

Because You're Mine is a 1952 American musical comedy film starring Mario Lanza. Directed by Alexander Hall, the film also stars Doretta Morrow, James Whitmore, and Bobby Van.

Plot
Opera singer superstar Renaldo Rossano (Mario Lanza) is drafted into the U.S. Army. His sergeant, "Bat" Batterson (James Whitmore), is an opera fan who admires Rossano and wishes Rossano to appraise his sister's (Doretta Morrow) singing voice. The rest of his platoon as well as the company commander disapproves of Batterson's showing favoritism to Rossano by excusing him from normal training.

Rossano schemes to have Batterson allow him to go to New York, supposedly to have his manager appraise Batterson's sister Brigit's singing voice but in reality allowing him to do a performance. After realizing he's been tricked, the sergeant sets out to make Rossano's military life considerably more difficult.

This leads to a public fistfight between Sargeant and Private that lands both of them in the brig and facing court martial. Luckily, a United Nations delegation is visiting the base. They insist Rossano be freed from confinement to sing for them. Rossano's Mother(Lovsky) manages to smooth over the romantic differences between her son and Bridget.

Cast

 * Mario Lanza as Renaldo Rossano
 * Doretta Morrow as Bridget Batterson
 * James Whitmore as Sergeant 'Bat' Batterson
 * Dean Miller as Ben Jones
 * Rita Corday as Francesca Landers (as Paula Corday)
 * Jeff Donnell as Patty Ware
 * Spring Byington as Mrs. Edna Montville
 * Curtis Cooksey as General Louis Montville
 * Don Porter as Captain Burton Nordell Loring
 * Eduard Franz as Albert Parkson Foster
 * Bobby Van as Artie Pilcer
 * Ralph Reed as Horsey Jackson
 * Celia Lovsky as Mrs. Rossano
 * Alexander Steinert as Maestro Paradoni
 * Terry Robinson as Witness in fight scene(he was Lanza's personal trainer)(uncredited)
 * Thurl Ravenscroft as Radio Commercial Singer(uncredited)
 * Dick Wessel as Sargeant Grogan (uncredited)
 * Jo Ella Wright as Organist for "The Lord's Prayer" (uncredited)
 * Peggy Bonini as dubbed singing voice for Francesca Landers (uncredited)
 * John Maxwell as Chaplain at Sunday Services (uncredited)
 * Larry Harmon as Sound Mixer (uncredited)
 * Anthony Cocozza and Mary Cocozza as Autograph-seeking couple (Lanza's real parents)

Production
Because You're Mine had an unpleasant and troubled production. Principal photography of the film was interrupted and during the hiatus Lanza put on a considerable amount of weight. According to his manager, Lanza then began to lose weight and ended filming at less than 160 pounds. This resulted in some challenges for both the wardrobe artists and the film editors who had to deal with Lanza's substantial fluctuations in weight over the course of production. In one scene, Lanza's character is about to enter a church; in the exterior shot, filmed late in the production schedule, he is a trim 160 pounds in his military uniform; but, when he is inside the church, in a scene filmed earlier, he is an obese 230 pounds.

Lanza's notorious reputation for being temperamental and difficult to work with began with the production of Because You"re Mine. Lanza hated the script and initially refused to appear in the film, viewing it as a much inferior follow-up to his previous film  The Great Caruso, which was MGM's biggest box office success of 1951. Dore Schary, MGM studio head at the time, has recounted Lanza's petulant and boorish behavior on the set, which included the brazen sexual harassment of co-star Doretta Morrow. Morrow found the experience of making Because You're Mine so harrowing, she refused to ever appear in another film. Lanza had requested Lana Turner as his leading lady, but producer Joe Pasternak insisted on casting an actress who could sing.

The soldiers in the film wear a shoulder sleeve insignia that resembles the 28th Infantry Division that is worn by actual soldiers in footage of a military parade used in the movie.

Music
The title song, "Because You're Mine", earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song. Written by Sammy Cahn and Nicholas Brodszky, it became Lanza's third and final million-selling effort.

Musical highlights in the film included "Granada", "The Lord's Prayer", and "Addio, Addio" from Rigoletto. "The Song Angels Sing" is a passage from Johann Brahms' Third Symphony with new English lyrics by Aaronson and Webster.

Release
Because You're Mine premiered September 25, 1952 in New York City, going into wide release on October 3. According to MGM records, it earned $2,267,000 in the US and Canada, and $2,304,000 elsewhere, resulting in profits of $735,000. It was the fifth most popular movie at the British box office in 1953, and was chosen for the inaugural Royal Command Film Performance of Queen Elizabeth II's reign.

Though popular at the box office, it was not a critical success. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times voiced a common opinion, finding the film's plot "banal" and observing, "It's really Mario Lanza's singing that should and will attract attention to this technicolored film."

title: Because You're Mine


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Talk:Steve Staios

Clarification
It is clear that he is more then a “Macedonian from the whole region” as he associates with the republic of Macedonia

Quote: ''Greece pitched a beef about the new nation taking the name and Staios showed instant awareness of the dispute. "''Macedonia, the independent country. That's the way we want it known!" he replied with vigor.

Alexander the great1 22:09, 30 June 2007 (UTC)
 * None of the sources justify the claim that he is "ethnic Macedonian". They only show his knowledge of Macedonia (which one, this one or this one or this one?) and his parents are from Macedonia (which one, this one or this one or this one?) Mr. Neutron 14:37, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
 * The reason that they do not say that he was "ethic Macedonian" is the same reason that Italians and French people are not usually called "ethnic French" or "ethnic Italian". It is resnable to come to the conclusion becuase he does not claim to be Greek-Macedonian or anything like that. By saying just Macedonian he is saying that he is just that "Macedonian"(ethnic). The quote posted above proves this. When he says that he wants Macedonia to be an independent counrty and that he is mad as Greece for starting the name dispute.
 * The reason that they do not say that he was "ethic Macedonian" is the same reason that Italians and French people are not usually called "ethnic French" or "ethnic Italian". It is reasonable to come to the conclusion that because he does not claim to be Greek-Macedonian or anything like that and by saying just Macedonian he is saying that he is just that "Macedonian"(ethnic). The quote posted above proves this. When he says that he wants Macedonia to be an independent country and that he is mad at Greece for starting the name dispute. Alexander the great1 15:17, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Macedonian does not equal ethnic Macedonian. Be more specific when you look for sources. Mr. Neutron 15:34, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Outside of Wikipedia it does. Unless it says Greek, Albanian, Jewish, German, Italian in front of Macedonia, it is reasonable to assume that they are just "Macedonian" (ethnic) as Macedonians from the Republic only call themselves Macedonian.Alexander the great1 15:38, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Not true. Macedonian most of the time requires careful disambiguation. Mr. Neutron 15:38, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Ok, find one source where he says he is Greek-Macedonain or something like that.Alexander the great1 15:46, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I have never claimed he was Greek, although judging by his last name he probably is. Mr. Neutron 16:01, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
 * A Hellenized Macedonian. --58.169.249.32 10:51, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

I agree with the point made at the top of this thread. The source quoted there is crystal clear. The guy was explicitly asked by an interview whether by saying he was from "Macedonia" he meant to identify with the Greek or the RoM side, and he explicitly declared the latter. There really is no room for doubt left, wiki-lawyering aside. Fut.Perf. ☼ 14:41, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Steve Staios