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Tammy (TV series)

Tammy is an American sitcom, starring Debbie Watson in the title role. Produced by Universal City Studios, 26 color half-hour episodes were aired on ABC from September 17, 1965, to March 11, 1966.

Tammy was loosely based on the three Tammy films; Tammy and the Bachelor (1957) starring Debbie Reynolds; Tammy Tell Me True (1961); and Tammy and the Doctor (1963) both starring Sandra Dee. The films themselves were adaptations of novels by Cid Ricketts Sumner. The series was also partially influenced by other rural-themed TV sitcoms such as The Beverly Hillbillies. In particular, there are similarities between Tammy's Cletus Tarleton and The Beverly Hillbillies' Jethro Bodine. The full series of 26 B/W and colour episodes have been released on DVD. The boxset includes 5 DVDs originally marketed for a German audience. The title is TAMMY - THE COMPLETE SERIES (ABC 1965-66).

Synopsis
The premise of the program revolves around Tammy Tarleton, an 18-year-old country girl who moves back and forth between her country family, which lives on a bayou houseboat, and the wealthy Brents, who own a plantation and pancake business. Tammy is hired as a secretary by a powerful industrialist with a handsome young son named Steven. Lavinia Tate, a high society neighbor wants her own daughter, Gloria, to marry Steven, so she repeatedly, but unsuccessfully, tries to smear Tammy’s reputation.

As with Gidget, there are many differences between the series and films that inspired it. In the films, Tammy's full name is Tambrey Tyree, shortened to Tammy. The name Tyree was changed to Tarleton. Also, Tammy Tyree had no family other than her grandfather, who was occasionally picked up by revenuers for fabricating "corn-likker".

Tammy lasted for one season (26 episodes), and was cancelled in 1966.

Main cast

 * Tammy Tarleton — Debbie Watson
 * Grandpa Mordechai Tarleton — Denver Pyle
 * Uncle Lucius — Frank McGrath
 * John Brent — Donald Woods
 * Steven Brent — Jay Sheffield
 * Dwayne Whitt — George Furth
 * Cousin Cletus Tarleton — Dennis Robertson
 * Lavinia Tate — Dorothy Green
 * Gloria Tate — Linda Marshall
 * Peter Tate — David Macklin
 * Mrs. Brent — Doris Packer
 * '''Tee Pee, Indian girl — Peggy Mondo

Tammy and the Millionaire
In 1967, Universal Pictures released a cinema movie called Tammy and the Millionaire which included all the main TV cast (except Cletus Tarleton) and was, in fact,  a re-edit from four half-hour 1965 Tammy TV episodes.

International airings
Tammy was originally broadcast in several countries, including Japan, Germany, and Australia. The Tammy series was especially popular in Germany.

title: Tammy (TV series)


text: Template:Campaignbox Admiral Yi 1st Campaign

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Morgan Mahowald

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy delete as non-notable biography. (Deleted by User:Starblind) -Nameneko 06:54, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Morgan Mahowald
cute nn vanity, but nn vanity nonetheless. Grutness...  wha?  08:15, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Yet another speedy. CambridgeBayWeather 08:33, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete utter garbage! I'd speedy it as an nn bio - except I'm not even sure what it is?? --Doc (?) 13:21, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedied under A-7. No claim to notability in article.  High-school freshman on swim team and chess club. Andrew Lenahan - St ar bli nd  15:15, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Ndonga dialect

Ndonga, also called Oshindonga, is a Bantu dialect spoken in Namibia and parts of Angola. It is a standardized dialect of the Ovambo language, and is mutually intelligible with Kwanyama, the other Ovambo dialect with a standard written form. With 810,000 speakers, the language has the largest number of speakers in Namibia.

Martti Rautanen translated the Bible into the Ndonga dialect. Beginning his work in 1885, he published the New Testament in 1903, but it took until 1920 to finish the Old Testament. His Bible translation became the basis of a standardized form of Ndonga.

Vowels
Oshindonga uses a five-vowel system:

Consonants
Oshindonga contains the following consonant phonemes:

Prenasalized sounds are listed below:

 * [m̥p]
 * [mb]
 * [ɱv]
 * [n̥θ]
 * [nð]
 * [n̥ʃ]
 * [n̥t]
 * [nd]
 * [nz]
 * [n̥ts]
 * [ŋk]
 * [ŋɡ]

Oshindonga also contains many other consonant compounds, listed below:

 * [m̥pʰ]
 * [n̥tʰ]
 * [n̥kʰ]
 * [m̥pʰw]
 * [n̥tʰw]
 * [n̥kʰw]
 * [n̥dz]
 * [n̥tsʰ]
 * [ndʒ]
 * [xw]
 * [tsʼ] (voiceless, ejective, alveolar affricate)
 * [psʲ] (voiceless, palatalized, labio-alveolar affricate)

title: Ndonga dialect


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Talk:Ndonga dialect

Why Ndonga language?
... when Ndonga is simply a redirect? Why not use the simpler title? - Nat Krause 16:04, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The naming conventions specify that languages should be at X language, for reasons of consistency and possible disambiguation. — mark ✎ 08:10, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

Oshiwambo distinct?
Is the Oshiwambo language distinct from Ndonga? Should that (equally messy and stubby) article be merged into this one? --babbage (talk) 10:25, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

Ndonga language template
If you are a native speaker of Ndonga then you can help translate this template into your own language:

Edit

--Amazonien (talk) 04:39, 20 January 2009 (UTC)

Translate from English to oshiwambo
In Loving Memory: Honouring The Life and Legacy of our beloved Uncle

Good morning, everyone. For those who may not have had the privilege of knowing me, my name is Rudolph, and I stand before you today as a proud grandson of a remarkable man who touched the lives of many. On that fateful Sunday, the 24th of March this year, we bid farewell to my dear uncle, leaving behind treasured memories and a legacy that will forever live on in our hearts.

Uncle, I really know that you were a pillar of strength and as you always there to offer support and guidance when we highly need most. Your wisdom and patience towards us awaken our minds as we remember the kind of person you were. Your absence from us touched everyone around you, due to being a kind-hearted person you were. Your friendly demeanor and infectious laughter brightened up any room, and this made everyone to feel sad as you nowhere to be found Uncle 😭. Being a generous and wise man you were "and I say you were" because you take ours' needs into account before your own. You were my mentor, role model and you treated like me as am your Last born. And will obviously have to say that: "you were a selflessness and willingness person as you always there to help others and this showed me the true meaning of compassion and empathy in becoming a true MAN like you were.

You left us with the legacy of love and kindness that will forever live on in the hearts of those who were fortunate enough to know you. Memory you shared continues to inspire me in becoming a better person like you, Uncle. Your spirit lives on, your value of being a true man will be in us, And also the memory you shared with us Uncle will forever be unforgettable. You taught us a lot in your living time, I mean by the time we have had you as our Uncle 😭, And your attributes with us remind me being an incredible person you were.

I miss you UNCLE more than words can express, but I take comfort in knowing that you are in a better place free from pain and suffering. I will always hold you close to my heart and strive to live a life that honors the legacy you left behind (with Us)

Shilomboleni Grandson 105.232.72.170 (talk) 16:39, 28 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ndonga dialect


text: User talk:70.80.168.228

title: User talk:70.80.168.228


text: User talk:86.129.18.128

title: User talk:86.129.18.128


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Singaraja

Singaraja (Balinese: ᬲᬶᬗᬭᬚ) is a port town in northern Bali, Indonesia, which serves as the seat of Buleleng Regency. The name is Indonesian for "Lion King" (from Sanskrit singha and raja). It is just east of Lovina and is also the centre of Buleleng District, which covers an area of 46.94 km² and had a population of 153,930 in 2022, the second largest on the island.

Singaraja was the Dutch colonial capital for Bali and the Lesser Sunda Islands from 1849 until 1960, It was an administrative center and the port of arrival for most visitors until the development of the Bukit Peninsula area in the south. Singaraja was also an administrative center for the Japanese during their World War II occupation.

Gedong Kirtya, just south of the town center, is the only library of lontar manuscripts (ancient and sacred texts on leaves of the rontal palm) in the world - apart from the Pustaka Lontar Museum in Penaban, north of Amlapura.

Climate
Singaraja has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) with little to no rainfall from June to October and heavy rainfall from December to March. April, May, and November feature moderate rainfall.

Notable people

 * I Ketut Gedé, painter
 * Jero Wacik, politician
 * Pandji Tisna, writer, king Buleleng
 * Putu Oka Sukanta, writer

Sister cities
Singaraja has the following sister cities:

title: Singaraja


text:
Talk:Collydean

— J I P | Talk 08:23, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Collydean


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Makoto (game)

Makoto is a game invented in Colorado in 1992. It is played in the Makoto Arena. In 2002, Makoto USA, Inc. (www.makoto-usa.com) purchased all intellectual property from the original designers and have been improving/redesigning it ever since. The current Makoto Arena bears little resemblance to the original design with the exception of the three towers and triangular design. The current Makoto Arena utilizes a Windows-based computer to control the lights and sounds of the game as well as to track scores.

Playing Court and Equipment
A Makoto court consists of three metal beams arranged in an equilateral triangle on the floor. At each corner of the triangle there is a six-foot-tall column, equipped with a speaker. Each column has twelve targets which have pressure sensors. There are optional floor targets that can add four more targets to each column for a total of 48 targets in the arena.

Game play
The game is extremely simple: listen for the tone, look for the light, hit the target. The game can be set at varying degrees of difficulty where the targets will stay on for as long as ten seconds down to as brief as 3/4ths of a second. The goal is for every player to have a positive experience with the game so that they will be encouraged to try again to beat their previous score. Patterns are random and the current, standard game will have only one target light on a tower at a time. The game scores accuracy (how many targets were hit before they "timed out") and reaction time.

title: Makoto (game)


text: Template:Campaignbox Admiral Yi 3rd Campaign


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Olga de Alaketu

Olga de Alaketu or Mother Olga (c.1925 – September 29, 2005) was a prominent Candomblé high priestess, who was influential in promoting the African diasporic religion Candomblé and distancing it from Catholicism.

Early life and career
Olga de Alaketu was born in the Ketu Nation of West Africa in 1925, the descendant of a long line of priestesses and queens. However, after being brought by the Portuguese to Bahia, Brazil, she was forced into slavery. Odd, when you consider that slavery had been abolished in 1888.

Alaketu used the customs and traditions of her homeland to establish herself in Afro-Brazilian society and differentiate herself from her slave identity. With the help of others she integrated European and African culture together in order to strengthen the Afro-Brazilian culture and the religious tradition of Candomblé [citation needed].

In addition, Alaketu played a central role in many spiritual initiatives within her community, such as giving sermons on inequality and injustice. Furthermore, she served as an instrumental part of the local university's Psychiatry department to help local people discuss their problems, and those who were suffering from mental illness.

Ancestry, early life and career
The fifth generation descendant of the royal house of Aro in modern Benin, Alaketu was descended from a Ketu princess, who had been kidnapped and sold as a slave in Bahia between c. 1636 and the end of the 18th century), Alaketu served as the high priestess of the Ile Maroia Laji temple in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil, one of the oldest Candomblé temples in the country. This temple attracted many prominent people including the writer Jorge Amado, and the French anthropologist Pierre Verger.

When the Ile Maroia Laji temple was declared a national heritage site, Cultural Minister Gilberto Gil said of Alaketu, "In the last forty years, we can consider Mother Olga as the greatest proponent of the religion of the Orishas in all Brazil."

Ketu Nation and Olga
The Ketu nation into which Olga de Alaketu was born has a long history of religious oral tradition. Alaketu refers to a religiously-centered temple, known as Ilê Maroiá Laji, in the Matatu district of Ketu, one of the oldest of its kind. It was founded by Otampê Ojaró in the early 1600s. Anthropologist Vivaldo da Costa Lima, the first scholar to take interest in the history of the temple, supports this. “Lima gave credence to the memory of Otampê Ojaró's ethnic origin, showing that the temple's nickname, Alaketu, is probably a variant of the Yoruba ara Ketu (people from Ketu), also noting that the surname Ojaró is a variant of Aro, one of Ketu's royal lineages”. One notable characteristic of the religious tradition of the Ketu is its separation from the Catholic traditions of European colonizers. Olga da Alaketu was actually born into this Afro-Brazilian religious tradition in 1925. She died from complications caused by diabetes on September 29, 2005, and was buried in the Bosque da Paz Cemetery. She was succeeded by her eldest daughter Jocelina Barbosa Bispo ("Jojó").

title: Olga de Alaketu


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Talk:Knights of the Golden Horseshoe Expedition

Welcome to the Talk page for the Wikipedia article Knights of the Golden Horseshoe Expedition

Any mention of this before 1841 would be extremely interesting. --Wetman 08:28, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * There is plenty of historical documentation that an expedition with Spotswood took place in 1716 and that it went basically where the current version of events says it did. Although there is some debate among historians as to the actual crossing location, most accept Swift Run Gap. By other documentation, we know that Spotswood was the first occupant of the Governor's Palace at Williamsburg, and lived and traveled like royalty himself. The degree to which the facts of the expedition have been distorted, embellished, and romanticized by Caruthers' novel is probably the real question. I'm also curious in that regards.

 * Did anyone ever wonder why none of those 62 golden horseshoes has ever surfaced? Guess we will have to keep watching for them on e-bay (with the same optimism demonstrated by the folks who keep the landing lights lit each night for Amelia Earhart!).  :::Mark in Historic Triangle of Virginia Vaoverland 08:48, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

 * of course, it would be even better to find that bottle. (ie Then they went down into the valley below, and on the banks of the river they buried a bottle, inside which they had put a paper declaring that the whole valley belonged to George I, King by the Grace of God of Great Britain, France, Ireland and Virginia.) Vaoverland 07:08, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

OGH?
Why does OGH redirect here? --Lambiam 22:19, 26 November 2008 (UTC)


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Sunny Side Up

Sunny Side Up may refer to:
 * Sunny side up, method of fried egg preparation
 * Colloquially known as dippy egg (disambiguation)

Film and television

 * Sunny Side Up (1926 film), American silent comedy from DeMille Pictures
 * Sunny Side Up (1929 film), American Movietone musical from Fox
 * Sunnyside Up, late 1950s and early 1960s TV variety program in Melbourne, Australia
 * Sunny Side Up (TV series) or The Sunny Side Up Show, American children's morning show on Sprout

Music

 * Sunny Side Up (Lou Donaldson album) (American, 1960)
 * Sunny Side Up (Paolo Nutini album) (Scottish, 2009)
 * "Sunny Side Up", section of English rock band Pink Floyd's 1970 instrumental Alan's Psychedelic Breakfast
 * "Sunny Side Up", 2015 song by American rock band Faith No More
 * "Sunny Side Up!", 2019 song by Korean girl group Red Velvet on their EP The ReVe Festival: Day 1

Other

 * Sunny Side Up, 2011 American character doll manufactured by Lalaloopsy

title: Sunny Side Up


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Gauteng and Environs Library Consortium

Gauteng and Environs Library Consortium (GAELIC) was the first project of FOTIM (Foundation of Tertiary Institutions of the Northern Metropolis) in South Africa. GAELIC was founded in April 1996. Its mission was to use and develop the information resources in the Gauteng, Limpopo, and North West province of South Africa in order to promote education, research and lifelong learning. Due to consolidation of projects and duplication, FOTIM and GAELIC closed down in July 2011.

title: Gauteng and Environs Library Consortium


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Talk:Floral symmetry

In the very first illustration it is claimed that a flower with five petals shows mirror symmetry? How is this possible? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.96.13.88 (talk) 14:15, 3 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Quite easily, the mirror runs along the midline of one of the petals, leaving two symmetrically-placed petals on either side. Chiswick Chap (talk) 14:58, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

Symmetry of bleeding-hearts
I'm curious what the term for the symmetry of bleeding-hearts is. They have two lines of symmetry, but unlike most flowers with four parts, these two lines of symmetry divide them into two totally different parts. They're not zygomorphic, but I'm not sure if they're actinomorphic. — Eru·tuon 00:07, 20 April 2015 (UTC)
 * We should document that here, a disymmetric flower, e.g., here. I think that when I was first taught this material there was no mention of this type of symmetry either, although they are familiar flowers to many people who have gardens. I'd bet it is quite an important difficulty with understanding the descriptions of what zygomorphy is. Sminthopsis84 (talk) 00:27, 20 April 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Floral symmetry


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Grendel's mother

Grendel's mother (Grendles mōdor) is one of three antagonists in the anonymous Old English poem Beowulf (c. 700–1000 AD), the other two being Grendel and the dragon. Each antagonist reflects different negative aspects of both the hero Beowulf and the heroic society that the poem is set in. Grendel's mother is introduced in lines 1258b to 1259a as: "Grendles modor/ides, aglæcwif".

Grendel's mother, who is never given a name in the text, is the subject of an ongoing controversy among medieval scholars. This controversy is due to the ambiguity of a few words in Old English which appear in the original Beowulf manuscript. While there is agreement over the word "modor" (mother ), the phrase "ides, aglæcwif " is the subject of scholarly debate.

Story
The poem, Beowulf, is contained in the Nowell Codex. As noted in lines 106–114 and lines 1260–1267 of Beowulf, monsters (which include Grendel's mother and Grendel) are descendants of Cain. After Grendel is killed, Grendel's mother attacks Heorot in revenge. Beowulf then ventures into her cave under a lake, and engages in fierce combat with Grendel's mother. She nearly kills him until he sees an ancient sword, with which he kills her, and beheads the dead Grendel. Beowulf then returns to the surface and to his men at the "ninth hour" (l. 1600, "nōn", about 3 pm).

Function in and structure of the poem
Some scholars have argued that the female characters in Beowulf fulfill certain established roles such as hostess (Wealhþeow and Hygd) and peace-weaver (Freawaru and Hildeburh). Grendel's mother and Modthryth (before her marriage to Offa), challenge these roles, and therefore represent "monster-women".

Jane Chance argues in "The Structural Unity of Beowulf: The Problem of Grendel's Mother" that there are two standard interpretations of the poem: one view which suggests a two-part structure (i.e., the poem is divided between Beowulf's battles with Grendel and with the dragon) and the other, a three-part structure (this interpretation argues that Beowulf's battle with Grendel's mother is structurally separate from his battle with Grendel). Chance stated that, "this view of the structure as two-part has generally prevailed since its inception in J. R. R. Tolkien's Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics." In contrast, she argued that the three-part structure has become "increasingly popular". She later developed this argument in Woman as Hero in Old English Literature.

Debates on Grendel's mother
There is ongoing debate among medieval scholars concerning the ambiguity of certain words in Old English (related to Grendel's mother) which appear in the original Beowulf manuscript. Because these terms are ambiguous, scholars disagree over aspects of her nature and appearance. As her exact appearance is never directly described in Old English by the original Beowulf poet, part of the debate revolves around what is known, namely her descent from the biblical Cain (who was the first murderer, according to the Abrahamic religions). For some scholars, this descent links her and Grendel to the monsters and giants of the Cain tradition, while others such as Kevin Kiernan in Grendel's Heroic Mother argue that there is "plenty of evidence for defending Grendel's mother as a heroic figure" as she "accepted and adhered to the heroic ethic of the blood-feud, the main difference between Grendel's feckless feud with the noise at Heorot and his mother's purposeful one exacting retribution for the death of her son. In heroic terms, her vengeance for the death of her kinsman Grendel."

This lack of consensus has led to the production of some seminal texts by scholars over the past few decades. One important focus of these articles and books concerns the numerous, and at times opposing, translations of especially the Old English compound "ides aglæcwif" (1259a).

Monster or demon
Until the late 1970s, all scholarship on Grendel's mother and translations of the phrase "aglæc-wif" were influenced by the edition of noted Beowulf scholar Frederick Klaeber. His edition, Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg, has been considered a standard in Beowulf scholarship since its first publication in 1922. According to Klaeber's glossary, "aglæc-wif" translates as: "wretch, or monster of a woman". Klaeber's glossary also defines "aglæca/æglæca" as "monster, demon, fiend" when referring to Grendel or Grendel's mother, or as "warrior, hero" when referring to the character Beowulf.

Klaeber has influenced many translations of Beowulf. Notable interpretations of "aglæc-wif" which follow Klaeber include "monstrous hell-bride" (Heaney), "monster-woman" (Chickering) "woman, monster-wife" (Donaldson), "Ugly troll-lady" (Trask) and "monstrous hag" (Kennedy).

Doreen M. E. Gillam's 1961 essay, "The Use of the Term 'Æglæca' in Beowulf at Lines 893 and 2592", explores Klaeber's dual use of the term "aglæca/æglæca" for the heroes Sigemund and Beowulf as well as for Grendel and Grendel's mother. She argues that "aglæca/æglæca" is used in works besides Beowulf to reference both "devils and human beings". She further argues that this term is used to imply "supernatural", "unnatural" or even "inhuman" characteristics, as well as hostility towards other creatures. Gillam suggests: "Beowulf, the champion of men against monsters, is almost inhuman himself. [Aglæca/æglæca] epitomises, in one word, the altogether exceptional nature of the dragon fight. Beowulf, the champion of good, the 'monster' amongst men, challenges the traditional incarnation of evil, the Dragon: æglæca meets æglæcan."

Ides/dis (lady)

The Old English ides, Old High German itis and Old Norse dís are cognates that all mean "lady", and idisi appears as the name of the Valkyries in the only surviving pagan source in Old High German, the Merseburg Incantations. More generally, in Norse mythology, the Dísir ('ladies') are fate goddesses who can be both benevolent and antagonistic towards mortal people.

Consequently, many have pointed out that dís is probably the original term for the valkyries (lit. "choosers of the slain"), which in turn would be a kenning for dís.

A few scholars have drawn from the work of Eric Stanley by exploring the term ides as "lady" when discussing Grendel's mother, such as Temple ("Grendel's Lady-Mother", 1986) and Taylor (who argues in his 1994 essay that the term Ides indicates that "Grendel's mother is a woman of inherently noble status."). In addition, others have suggested that Grendel's mother may be associated with the Norse figures of the valkyries and of the goddess Gefion who may be an extension of Frigg and Freyja. Freyja, the daughter of the sea god Njörðr, was both a fertility goddess and a goddess of war, battle, death, seiðr, prophecy and was also sometimes associated with the valkyries and disir.

Nora Kershaw Chadwick (1959) and later Helen Damico in two works (Beowulf's Wealhtheow and the Valkyrie Tradition and "The Valkyrie Reflex in Old English Literature") argue that Grendel's mother may refer to the myth of the valkyries. Damico states:

"in both their benevolent and malevolent aspects, the valkyries are related to a generic group of half-mortal, half-supernatural beings called idisi in Old High German, ides in Old English, and dis in Old Norse, plural, disir. Both groups are closely allied in aspect and function: they are armed, powerful, priestly [...] The Beowulf poet follows the tradition of depicting the valkyrie-figure as a deadly battle demon in his characterization of Grendel's Mother. As Chadwick has argued, Grendel's Mother, that wælgæst wæfre 'roaming slaughter-spirit' epitomizes the earlier concept of the valkyrie."

Damico later argues in Beowulf's Wealhtheow and the Valkyrie Tradition that Wealtheow and Grendel's mother represent different aspects of the valkyries.

Aglæcwif (warrior)
Contemporary scholars have suggested that the use of the term "aglæcwif" indicates that Grendel's mother is a woman warrior. In 1979, Beowulf scholars Kuhn and Stanley argued against Klaeber's reading of Grendel's mother. In Old English Aglaeca-Middle Irish Olach Sherman Kuhn questioned Klaeber's translations of both "aglæc-wif" and of "aglæca / æglæca" when referring to Grendel and Grendel's mother, stating that there are "five disputed instances of áglæca [three of which are in Beowulf] 649, 1269, 1512 ... In the first ... the referent can be either Beowulf or Grendel. If the poet and his audience felt the word to have two meanings, 'monster', and 'hero', the ambiguity would be troublesome; but if by áglæca they understood a 'fighter', the ambiguity would be of little consequence, for battle was destined for both Beowulf and Grendel and both were fierce fighters." Thus Kuhn suggested aglæca should be defined as "a fighter, valiant warrior, dangerous opponent, one who struggles fiercely". He supported his argument by also stating that "if there were one clear instance of áglæca referring to an unwarlike monster, a peaceful demon, or the like, this definition would fall apart." Kuhn concluded that "Grendel's mother was an 'aglæc-wif', 'a female warrior' [...] there is no more reason to introduce the idea of monstrosity or of misery here than there is in line 1519 where she is called merewif, defined simply as 'water-woman', 'woman of the mere'."

Eric Stanley added to the debate by critiquing both Klaeber and Gillam: "Grendel is described as an æglæca, a word which we do not understand. One scholar [Gillam] has, in fact, made investigation of this word a model for the methodology of establishing meaning. The attempt is of interest, but in the end we always come back to the fact that, as Klaeber's glossary shows, the word is used by the poet not only to describe Grendel as here, and later in the poem to describe the dragon, and the monsters of the mere as they attack Beowulf, but also Beowulf himself; and at one point the two enemies, Beowulf and the dragon, are described together using the plural æglæcean. As we assemble the many uses including compounds [...] it becomes clear that it is not pejorative in force. We must not follow Klaeber's distinction of 'wretch, monster, demon, fiend' for Beowulf's enemies, and 'warrior, hero' for Beowulf himself; and we must not abuse Grendel's mother when she is called aglæcwif by translating the word as Klaeber does, 'wretch', or 'monster, of a woman'. We must never forget that she is called there ides aglæcwif (1259) and ides, 'lady', is not a term of abuse [...] the poet does not speak of his monsters abusively."

Other scholars have offered varying opinions on this topic. Christine Alfano also questioned standard translations related to Grendel's mother. She states that she found a "noticeable disparity between the Grendel's mother originally created by the Beowulf poet and the one that occupies contemporary Beowulf translations. Instead of being what Sherman Kuhn calls a 'female warrior', the modern Grendel's mother is a monster. This assumption informs almost all areas of Beowulf scholarship, although there is little evidence for this characterization in the original Anglo-Saxon work." Melinda Menzer offered a different approach, suggesting that "aglæcwif denotes a woman, a human female, who is also aglæca".

Dictionary of Old English
The Dictionary of Old English, University of Toronto, made the following updates in 1994:
 * āglāc-wíf (noun) is translated as female warrior, fearsome woman.
 * āglæca (adj.) is translated as formidable, awe-inspiring
 * āglæca (noun) is translated as awesome opponent, ferocious fighter

The 1994 DOE translations were supported by George Jack in his 1997 glossary of Beowulf and Bruce Mitchell in his 1998 glossary of Beowulf.

Depictions in film, literature, and popular culture
Grendel's mother has been adapted in a number of different media, including film, literature, and graphic novels.

title: Grendel's mother


text:
User:Splintax/BBCode-table

Click 'edit this page' to view the HTML used to generate this table.

bolded text italicized text underlined text Wikipedia (usually implemented in more advanced ways) To quote:"quoted text"

title: User:Splintax/BBCode-table


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User talk:Monjolo

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you have any questions, check out Where to ask a question or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! =Nichalp  «Talk»=  08:30, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
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Bhutan
Hi! I noticed your edits to the Bhutan page. Mahayana Buddhism is the state religion. . I've reverted your edits. =Nichalp  «Talk»=  08:30, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Monjolo


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Two men charged

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 05:15, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Two men charged

 * I couldn't find any evidence that this cocktail exists on Google, let alone that it is notable enough for an article, see search -- Kjkolb 08:30, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * One word: cocktailcruft. Delete. -- SoothingR 08:35, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Rubbish CambridgeBayWeather 08:38, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * If it really exists, transwiki. (Doubtful.) Otherwise, delete. --Jacquelyn Marie 16:59, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Never heard of it and Google hasn't either. Probably some local bar thing that the creator didn't realize wasn't universal. Delete. ESkog 18:07, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete per all prev. arguments. feydey 23:23, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for now, but I'll ask for one at the pub tonight, and if they know what I'm talking about I might change my mind. --Apyule 07:04, 3 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Chōshū Five

The Chōshū Five (長州五傑) were members of the Chōshū han of western Japan who travelled to England in 1863 to study at University College London. The five students were the first of many successive groups of Japanese students who travelled overseas in the late Bakumatsu and early Meiji eras. All five students later rose to prominent positions in Japanese political and civil life.

Background and participants
The Chōshū han, based what is now known as Yamaguchi Prefecture, was eager to acquire better knowledge of the western nations and gain access to military technology in order to strengthen the domain in its struggle to overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate. The decision by Chōshū han elders to sponsor five promising students to study overseas came in the midst of growing domestic political tensions and in the wake of reports from the First Japanese Embassy to Europe that had returned in January 1863.

Notably, two of the students chosen, Ito Shunsuke and Inoue Monta, were students of the intellectual Yoshida Shōin—who was previously imprisoned by the domain authorities, then executed by the Shogunate in 1859 for attempting to communicate with Matthew C. Perry (as well as launching an abortive revolt against Ii Naosuke). This shift in policy coincided with the rise of their fellow students of Yoshida in Chōshū han administration (Katsura Kogoro and Takasugi Shinsaku—leader of the anti-Bakufu Kiheitai, respectively).

At the time of the students’ departure it was still illegal to leave Japan and travel overseas due to the shogunate's maritime seclusion policy (sakoku or, as it was known at the time, kaikin). If they had been caught, they likely would have been put to death. This policy was only finally abolished in 1866. The students were aware of the risks and wrote to the governing council of their domain to say that if they failed with their intention they "had not the slightest intention of coming back alive".

Voyage to Britain
With the support of Nagasaki-based trader Thomas Blake Glover, arrangements were made through his local agent, a Mr. Weigal, to secure passage for the five students on one of the many British trading ships calling at the port of Yokohama. The Chōshū students disguised as English sailors were put aboard the Jardine, Matheson & Co. vessel Chelswick for 1000 ryō each with the reluctant agreement of the ship's captain, J. S. Gower. In order to pay for the voyage, Inoue had to borrow 5,000 ryō from the Chōshū han. Before leaving Japan, the Chōshū students had to cut off their topknots, remove their swords, and change into Western clothes given to them by J. S. Gower. The five departed Yokohama on the 27 June 1863, bound for Shanghai where they were sheltered on an opium storage ship before dividing into two groups for the extended voyage around the Cape of Good Hope to London.

While Inoue Masaru, Yamao Yōzō and Endō Kinsuke travelled to Europe as passengers on the 915 ton three-masted tea clipper Whiteadder, Inoue Kaoru and Itō Hirobumi, destined to be two of the greatest Japanese statesmen of the age, were mistakenly assumed to be eager to earn their passage as crew and were put to work as deckhands on a grueling 130 day journey aboard the 525 ton sailing ship Pegasus.

Studies in Britain
Pegasus reached London on 4 November 1863, Whiteadder arriving three days later on the 7th. The reunited Chōshū students were introduced by Hugh Matheson, senior partner of Matheson and Company to Dr. Alexander Williamson, FRS, Professor of Chemistry at University College, London. Itō Hirobumi, Endō Kinsuke and Inoue Masaru lodged at the Camden home of Professor Williamson and his family, while Inoue Kaoru and Yamao Yōzō lodged at 103 Gower Street with the Coopers adjacent to the university campus. They all enlisted in University College London, and studied analytical chemistry under the tutorship of Professor Williamson. Between classes, the five students visited places in London such as the Royal Mint, museums, art galleries, shipbuilding yards, factories and the Bank of England.

Inoue Kaoru and Itō Hirobumi returned after only six months in early April 1864 when they received news via Jardine Matheson's London representatives that the Chōshū clan was engaged in direct conflict with Western allied powers over control of the strategic Straits of Shimonoseki. Endo also returned in the later half of 1866 for health reasons. In August 1865, Yamao moved to Glasgow to study the shipyards. He worked at Napier’s Shipyard on the Clyde by day, and studied at Anderson’s College at night. He returned to Japan in 1868, the same year that the final member of the Choshū Five, Inoue, went back.

150th anniversary celebrations
2013 was the 150th anniversary of the Chōshū Five departing Japan to commence studies at University College London (UCL). There were several commemorative events held in both Japan and the United Kingdom to mark this event. In July, there was a celebration hosted by UCL at the main campus with participation from representatives of the Japan embassy in London.

Visit 150 years later by Japan's Prime Minister
On 1 May 2014 Japan's Prime Minister Shinzō Abe paid a courtesy visit to UCL and the monument of the Chōshū Five there.

title: Chōshū Five


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TOWER Software

TOWER Software was a software development company, founded in 1985 in Canberra, Australia. The company provided and supported enterprise content management software, notably its TRIM product line for electronic records management.

TOWER Software was acquired by Hewlett-Packard Company in 2008 as a part of its HP Software Division.

History
TOWER Software began making records management software in 1985. It shifted to providing electronic document and records management software with the introduction of TRIM Captura in 1998. TRIM Context was released in 2002. In 2004 the company re-branded itself as a provider of enterprise content management solutions.

TOWER Software contributed to the development of international and local standards by sitting on a working group to develop AS4390 (the Australian standard for records management), which influenced the ISO 15489 standard, and by reviewing the MoReq and DoD 5015.2 standards.

In April 2008, TOWER Software shareholders were advised of the company's intention to accept an offer by Hewlett-Packard to acquire the company for approximately US$105 million. At that time, TOWER Software had 1000 customers in 32 countries representing the public sector and highly regulated industries such as healthcare, energy and utilities, and banking and finance.

TRIM Context is now called HP TRIM Records Management System software and is based on the ISO standard 15489 for records management. TRIM software also has U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) 5015.2 certification and adheres to the principles outlined in AS4390.

Recognition and awards

 * KMWorld Readers' Choice Award 2006

title: TOWER Software


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Old Government House, Brisbane

Queensland's first Government House is located at Gardens Point in the grounds of the Queensland University of Technology at the end of George Street in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The building's construction was the first important architectural work undertaken by the newly formed Government of Queensland. It is listed on the Queensland Heritage Register.

Architecture and construction
The government residential building was constructed to accommodate the first Governor of Queensland, Sir George Bowen, and his family. On 22 May 1860, the first Queensland parliament met. One month later a vote to fund a new government house was successful. The site chosen for the building was a high point of Gardens Point overlooking the Brisbane Botanic Gardens and with expansive vistas of the Brisbane River. There was an issue with the building being built in Brisbane, as the capital of Queensland had not yet been decided.

The two-storey building was designed by colonial architect Charles Tiffin in the Classical revival style in 1860. The front half of the building contained the Governor's public and private rooms while the rear housed the service section. The front of the house had a plain design without displays of grandeur so as not to affront politicians and country citizens.

The first stage of the building was completed in March 1862 by builder Joshua Jeays. The building is built from locally sourced materials, with sandstone facades, Brisbane tuff (stone) (sometimes referred to incorrectly as 'Porphyry') to the service areas, red cedar, hoop pine and cast iron.

Governor Sir George Bowen
The family first arrived in Brisbane in 1859 and Adelaide House, now The Deanery of St John's Cathedral, was leased for their use as a temporary Government House, while the construction of this building was undertaken.

The Governor and his family moved into the building in April 1862. The first public function held in the building was a ball on Monday 16 June 1862 to celebrate the birthday of Queen Victoria. The ball was to have been earlier (Victoria's birthday being 24 May), but was postponed due to a period of public mourning for the Prince consort Albert. Sir George and Lady Diamantina Bowen hosted 300 to 400 guests. It was a gala occasion and the new Government House was praised for enabling "the Governor to exercise his hospitality without restrictions through the want of space". There were rooms available for dancing, drinking of claret, sherry, tea and coffee and the playing of the card game whist. Meanwhile, the dowagers and other ladies not involved in the drinking, dancing and card playing were entertained in drawing room. At 1 am, supper was served in the quadrangle, protected by a canvas roof and decorated with candles and Chinese lanterns. The dancing continued until 4 am, although the Bowens did not participate in the dancing due to his wife Lady Diamantina's delicate health.

Approximately one month later on 26 July 1862, Lady Diamantina was safely delivered of a daughter, Agnes. Lady Diamantina's "delicate health" at the Birthday Ball was presumably a delicate reference to her advanced pregnancy. Agnes is believed to be the first child born in the building (the custom of those times was that children were born at home, indeed, Brisbane had no maternity hospitals in that era). Their son, George William Howard, was also born at Government House on 9 April 1864.

Lady Diamantina Bowen was interested in the development of the gardens around the building, which features lawns and flower gardens on the public sides of the building and vegetable gardens at the rear. She collaborated with Walter Hill, curator of the adjacent Brisbane Botanic Gardens on a number of projects, including large public events which extended out from the grounds of Government House into the Botanic Gardens.

The house was originally lit with candles and kerosene lamps, but by the late 1860s, gas became available and was installed. Unfortunately the initial pipes used were too thin and it was not possible to turn on all the gas lights simultaneously.

In 1866 the Bread or Blood riot started, threatening the sacking of Government House. Hundreds of government officials were sworn in as Special Constables to assist police.

Other governors
The building was home to the first 11 of the Governors of Queensland and their families. The building was modified somewhat during those years, the most obvious difference to the public face of the building being the roofing of the previously open upper terraces converting them into more Queenslander-style verandahs. In 1873, a roof was built over the balcony. By the late 1870s the building was being described as inadequate, particularly for large scale entertainment purposes.

Some extensions were also made at the rear, but these were more related to the service areas. Larger gas pipes were eventually installed to allow all the lights to be used. Although Brisbane had electricity in the late 1880s, the cost of fitting it to Government House was regarded as too expensive.

About 1900, a billiard room was added at the request of Lord Lamington. The interior was renovated and redecorated in 1985–96.

Last resident governor
By 1909 the once spacious Government House was now nearly fifty years old, and by the standards of the times, perceived as being too small for the Governor's residence, especially as it lacked a ballroom deemed essential for entertaining. It was decided to give Government House to be the nucleus of Queensland's first university, the University of Queensland, which was to be established at Gardens Point. A plaque on the building commemorates this transfer in December 1909.

In early 1910, the Governor, Sir William MacGregor, relocated into the leased property Fernberg at Paddington, a suburb of Brisbane, as a temporary measure while a new Government House was constructed in Victoria Park. However, although the plans for the new Government House were drawn and the foundations laid, for some reason, the project was abandoned. In 1911 the Government purchased Fernberg for to be the permanent Government House of Queensland, a role that continues to the present day.

University of Queensland
On 10 December 1909, Old Government House was given to be the nucleus of the newly established University of Queensland, as part of the 50th anniversary celebrations of the founding of the State of Queensland. The university had electricity connected to the building about 1911.

The University of Queensland used the building until the late 1930s when the university outgrew the Gardens Point campus and relocated to its current main campus at St Lucia.

Heritage protection
Old Government House has been used as the Queensland headquarters for the National Trust of Australia. Concerts have also been performed in the building.

In 1969, Old Government House was placed on the first list of significant heritage buildings compiled by the National Trust of Queensland, which protected the building from demolition. In March 1978, Old Government House became the first building to be protected by Queensland heritage legislation.

Queensland University of Technology
In 2002, an agreement between the National Trust of Queensland, the Queensland Government and Queensland University of Technology gave custodianship of Old Government House to the Queensland University of Technology—QUT.

Queensland University of Technology performed a major three-year restoration of the building and it re-opened in 2009, with a ceremony on 7 June 2009 to mark the 150th anniversary of the establishment of Queensland. Speakers at the ceremony included Peter Coaldrake, Queensland Governor Penny Wensley, Queensland Premier Anna Bligh and QUT Chancellor (and former Queensland Governor) Peter Arnison. In addition to unveiling the plaque, Anna Bligh announced that QUT's lease of the building would be extended for another 30 years.

Having restored the buildings, QUT uses it for events and functions, and provide tours and information (including interactive displays) for visitors.

Origin of the lamington
One of Australia's famous culinary features, the lamington was invented by the cook Armand Gallan at Government House, during the time of the Queensland Governor, Lord Lamington.

title: Old Government House, Brisbane


text:
Talk:John Hegley

Trivialities?
_ _ I think the sorth of trivialities being objected to are quotes of things he says. They reflect the sort of humour that is integral to his work. Poetlister 08:31, 2 October 2005 (UTC) _ _ By analogy, bear in mind that it is not just technical constraints that make us write about opera rather than having our articles sing about it. Encyclopedias make clear and direct statements about poets and their work, and must not imitate poets and poetry in communicating via allusions the reader must work out, and preferring pregnant ambiguity over baldly saying what we mean in so many words. _ _ The difference between triviality and significance in this case is probably the difference between reciting trivia and citing a few trivia as concrete examples of his exploitation of trivia to achieve his ostensible humor. --Jerzy•t 21:53, 2 October 2005 (UTC) On 3 October 2005, P-l noted (perhaps with Hegleyan humor? [smile])
 * In case i was unclear, P-l's observation points the way, not to leaving the article as it is, but to
 * verifiable information that these factors are important to his ostensible notability, and
 * putting that information into the article instead of just throwing it out for readers to guess about.
 * Clean-up tag inserted 1 October 2005 - Hegley's 52nd Birthday!

--Jerzy•t 17:27, 4 October 2005 (UTC) The following material, as previous mentioned, is unsuitable without context that would make it encyclopedic:
 * He wears glasses and despises contact lenses, both of which are made clear in his first book, Glad to wear Glasses: other passions include potatoes, dogs and his home town of Luton. He plays the ukulele and uses his cashpoint card as a plectrum.
 * His dog ran away in 1985.

I am unable to correct that, due to my ignorance of him. If it's true, something like this (but certainly not to the exclusion of improved wording of the trivia itself) might IMO make all the difference:
 * It is typical of his humor that his fans are aware of these facts:
 * He wears glasses and despises contact lenses, both of which are made clear in his first book, Glad to wear Glasses
 * Other passions include potatoes, dogs and his home town of Luton.
 * He plays the ukulele and uses his cashpoint card as a plectrum.
 * His dog ran away in 1985.

Actually, that intro is the kind of lame one you'd expect from someone who is ignorant; inquiring minds want to know whether his humor runs to self-mockery, and whether he believes that the trivia of one's life is more authentic and valuable than supposed profundities, and things i can't even imagine. --Jerzy•t 22:06, 5 October 2005 (UTC) Are you sure that "His dog ran away in 1985"? I have heard on the radio that although Hegley writes a lot of poems about dogs, he has never actually owned one. Vorbee (talk) 16:31, 27 November 2017 (UTC)

Why the revert?
I see that Jerzy deleted all my amendments. These were an attempt to make this article more encyclopaedic and to provide substantial information about John Hegley. Could Jerzy please explain which of these amendments is factually wrong or does not make the article more encyclopaedic? I hope that he did not do it just because he wants to keep the article as a poor imitation of Hegley-type humour rather than a valid Wikipedia article. Poetlister 14:18, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * _ _ IIRC, and as the cmt & summary i made immediately after suports, i must have
 * consulted the Page history bcz of noticing the totally unsuitable reference in the article to the cleanup tag, which it should be obvious is part of the page without being part of the article (and within which, BTW, is indeed no place for musing or commenting on it)
 * put my attention on the two edits that referred to it,
 * concluded both of those edits needed reverting, and
 * used the revert lk on the page for the diffs-between-versions page linked by the latest "last"-lk in the Page history, as would have been appropriate if i had been correct in my impression that you made two, not three, consecutive edits.
 * _ _ The effect was as you describe, but my intent was entirely different from what you saw.
 * _ _ While i of course regret that effect, leaving it at that would sound to me (putting myself on either, or any, side of this matter) like a weasel-worded "non-apology". It is a fact that i am too compulsively careful about what i do here, and i simply don't blame myself, don't regret the level of caution i exercised on that occasion. To me, this unfortunate incident should be treated as "part of the cost of doing business" here.
 * --Jerzy•t 21:39, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

"Review"
_ _ I'd know better what to suggest doing with this:
 * ===Glad To Wear Glasses Review===
 * John Hegley is Luton's most famous poet. His whimsical style is well-known, and there's a lot of short, endearing stuff in this collection - the silly 'Blackburn And Preston', the grim humour of 'Grandad's Glasses', the dark 'Looking After Your Dog', the poignant poems, 'Dreaming My Dad' and 'The Death Of A Dog'.

 * John may well be considered eccentric by some, but if he was a poetry teacher, poetry would be the new football!

if i knew what it is intended to be. It's rare that we include a quote of this size, and it may be long enuf to involve a copyright problem if it's a quote, and if it's not a quote, we certainly would not care about his status in his home town (let alone one that sounds like the small pond of a London suburb) or use metaphors like "the new football!" _ _ We need a hint here, can you buy us a vowel? --Jerzy•t 22:38, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Anyone whose attitude to Luton is that it "sounds like the small pond of a London suburb" is probably ill qualified to say anything about John Hegley. Poetlister 22:47, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Are we done?
Treating Jerzy's apology to me as it deserves to be treated, is the article now acceptable? Can we remove the clean-up tag? Poetlister 22:45, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "Cleanup" is a little of a misnomer, as removing stuff is usually not enuf to get to a good article. Give the other 100K or so editors a chance to mull it over; something wonderful may happen yet. --Jerzy•t 05:15, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Nonsense. There's a big difference between cleaning up an article and expanding/improving it.  The questions are:
 * Why was the tag put there in the first place?
 * Are these reasons still valid?
 * Clearly, if they are not still valid, the tag must be removed. Replace it with an expand tag if you will.  And to think that more than a handful of Wiki editors will ever bother to edit this article is as sensible as to assume that the tooth fairy will do it.
 * Poetlister 17:34, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Alice Looking Through the Glasses
Does any one remember "Alice Looking Through the Glasses", a Radio Four programme that was broadcast in 1994, about a girl who needed glasses for astigmatism? This could be mentioned in the article, as could Hegley's other work. ACEOREVIVED (talk) 20:39, 8 June 2011 (UTC) I do not know whether it was on Radio Four - it might have been on BBC Radio Two - but it might be worth a mention in the article if anyone can find a reliable source for it. Vorbee (talk) 17:52, 23 September 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110608015851/http://www.fife.gov.uk/yourtown/index.cfm?fuseaction=news.display&town=78E4E4F9-DA4D-6CAD-5617FBFC91B78425&objectid=33FDD615-9E65-A54E-C470A643C49C03BE to http://www.fife.gov.uk/yourtown/index.cfm?fuseaction=news.display&town=78E4E4F9-DA4D-6CAD-5617FBFC91B78425&objectid=33FDD615-9E65-A54E-C470A643C49C03BE
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070410033753/http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth02D4J450112627326 to http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth02D4J450112627326
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070410033753/http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth02D4J450112627326 to http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth02D4J450112627326

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The Popticians
This article could mention that he has a pop group called "The Popticians". They did a song called "Spare Pair". Vorbee (talk) 18:29, 19 December 2018 (UTC) I see that they are now mentioned in the "Discography" section. Vorbee (talk) 18:50, 30 March 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Hegley


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User:Jahsonic/monobook.js

// User:Lupin/popups.js - please include this line

mw.loader.load(            'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lupin/popups.js'             + '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript&dontcountme=s');

title: User:Jahsonic/monobook.js


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Macha (disambiguation)

Macha is the name of a goddess and several other characters in Irish mythology.

Macha may also refer to:

Places

 * Macha crater, a group of meteorite craters in the Sakha Republic, Russia
 * Macha, Russia, several rural localities in Russia
 * Macha, Zambia, a region and chiefdom in the Southern Province of Zambia
 * Lake Mácha, artificial fish pond in the Czech Republic

People

 * Macha (surname)
 * Macha Oromo, a division or sub-group of the Oromo people

Given name

 * Macha Grenon (born 1968), Canadian actress
 * Macha Méril (born 1940), French actress and writer
 * Macha Rosenthal (1917–1996), American poet and editor
 * Macha van der Vaart (born 1972), retired Dutch hockey player
 * M. Macha Nightmare, American Neopagan witch

Fictional characters

 * Macha, a playable character in Chrono Cross
 * Macha, alternative name of Mia, a character in the anime .hack//SIGN

Other uses

 * LÉ Macha (01), a ship in the Irish Naval Service, named for the goddess
 * Macha (band), defunct American experimental post-rock band from Georgia
 * Macha Mission, a Christian mission in Zambia
 * Mid-American Collegiate Hockey Association (MACHA), an American Collegiate Hockey Association Division 2 conference not sanctioned by the NCAA
 * Mesodesma donacium, a Chilean native clam colloquially known as a macha, used for example in the dish Machas a la parmesana
 * Ensis macha, an edible razor clam from South America, mainly fished in Chile, and known colloquially as navaja or navajuela
 * "Macha Macha Re", a song in the 2022 Bollywood movie Dasvi

title: Macha (disambiguation)


text: Talk:Macha (disambiguation)

title: Talk:Macha (disambiguation)


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Effective atomic number (compounds and mixtures)

The atomic number of a material exhibits a strong and fundamental relationship with the nature of radiation interactions within that medium. There are numerous mathematical descriptions of different interaction processes that are dependent on the atomic number, $Z$. When dealing with composite media (i.e. a bulk material composed of more than one element), one therefore encounters the difficulty of defining $Z$. An effective atomic number in this context is equivalent to the atomic number but is used for compounds (e.g. water) and mixtures of different materials (such as tissue and bone). This is of most interest in terms of radiation interaction with composite materials. For bulk interaction properties, it can be useful to define an effective atomic number for a composite medium and, depending on the context, this may be done in different ways. Such methods include (i) a simple mass-weighted average, (ii) a power-law type method with some (very approximate) relationship to radiation interaction properties or (iii) methods involving calculation based on interaction cross sections. The latter is the most accurate approach (Taylor 2012), and the other more simplified approaches are often inaccurate even when used in a relative fashion for comparing materials.

In many textbooks and scientific publications, the following - simplistic and often dubious - sort of method is employed. One such proposed formula for the effective atomic number, $Z_{eff}$, is as follows: $$Z_\text{eff} = \sqrt[2.94]{f_{1} \times (Z_{1})^{2.94} + f_{2} \times (Z_{2})^{2.94} + f_{3} \times (Z_{3})^{2.94} + \cdots}$$ where
 * $$f_n$$ is the fraction of the total number of electrons associated with each element, and
 * $$Z_n$$ is the atomic number of each element.

An example is that of water (H2O), made up of two hydrogen atoms (Z=1) and one oxygen atom (Z=8), the total number of electrons is 1+1+8 = 10, so the fraction of electrons for the two hydrogens is (2/10) and for the one oxygen is (8/10). So the $Z_{eff}$ for water is:

$$Z_\text{eff} = \sqrt[2.94]{0.2 \times 1^{2.94} + 0.8 \times 8^{2.94}} = 7.42$$

The effective atomic number is important for predicting how photons interact with a substance, as certain types of photon interactions depend on the atomic number. The exact formula, as well as the exponent 2.94, can depend on the energy range being used. As such, readers are reminded that this approach is of very limited applicability and may be quite misleading.

This 'power law' method, while commonly employed, is of questionable appropriateness in contemporary scientific applications within the context of radiation interactions in heterogeneous media. This approach dates back to the late 1930s when photon sources were restricted to low-energy x-ray units. The exponent of 2.94 relates to an empirical formula for the photoelectric process which incorporates a ‘constant’ of 2.64 × 10−26, which is in fact not a constant but rather a function of the photon energy. A linear relationship between Z2.94 has been shown for a limited number of compounds for low-energy x-rays, but within the same publication it is shown that many compounds do not lie on the same trendline. As such, for polyenergetic photon sources (in particular, for applications such as radiotherapy), the effective atomic number varies significantly with energy. It is possible to obtain a much more accurate single-valued $Z_{eff}$ by weighting against the spectrum of the source. The effective atomic number for electron interactions may be calculated with a similar approach. The cross-section based approach for determining Zeff is obviously much more complicated than the simple power-law approach described above, and this is why freely-available software has been developed for such calculations.


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title: User:Waphle


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Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemistry/Articles to be merged

 * Carbonate hardness → Carbonate alkalinity ✅


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User talk:Immanuel goldstein

Most people think I'm here []

Hello
Paris old boy! I have a good photo of us at the Exeter that was taken a while back. Want to have a look? michael talk 04:47, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
 * The ALP—Another Liberal Party—still isn't the Bolsheviks (loved that jumper) Paris. Here's a shot. michael talk 04:08, 22 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Your SAA page will get deleted soon. Here's some more photo-jollies, back in Psych class. michael talk 07:11, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

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About Child_benefit
Hi Immanuel,

I've slightly updated and expanded your edit in the article section, so thought you might like to have a look at it. I would greatly appreciate your help and opinions! --Shirt58 (talk) 11:36, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

Spam in Mediastrike
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title: User talk:Immanuel goldstein


text:
User:Coalhada

Coalhada: a traditional Brazilian desert found mostly in Bahia, especially in rural areas.

A Capoeira nickname translating roughly to ‘one with white skin’ (or white boy).

 * 1970 Started living
 * 1973 Started playing piano
 * 1977 Started programming computers
 * 1985 Started playing bass guitar
 * 1989 Started playing double bass
 * 1990 Started aikido
 * 1991 Started making movies
 * 1992 Started writing screenplays
 * 1993 Started computer animating
 * 1994 Started playing guitar
 * 1995 Started yoga
 * 1999 Started Shaolin Kung Fu
 * 2000 Started roller-skate dancing
 * 2005 Started capoeira

All this starting and no stopping makes for a busy guy.

title: User:Coalhada


text:
Suona la tromba

"Suona la tromba" (The trumpet sounds) or Inno popolare (Hymn of the people) is a secular hymn composed by Giuseppe Verdi in 1848 to a text by the Italian poet and patriot Goffredo Mameli. The work's title comes from the opening line of Mameli's poem. It has sometimes been referred to as "Grido di guerra".

Background
The piece begins with the lines: "Suona la tromba — ondeggiano / le insegne gialle e nere." ("The trumpet sounds, the yellow and black flags are waving."), a reference to the yellow and black flag of the Austrian Empire. It was commissioned by Giuseppe Mazzini as a new battle hymn for the Revolution of 1848 when Italian nationalists sought independence from the Austrian Empire which controlled large portions of northern Italy. He persuaded Verdi to compose the music for it when Verdi visited Milan in May 1848, shortly after the Austrians had been driven from the city and other parts of Lombardy. Mazzini commissioned the text from Mameli in June, asking him for a poem that would become the Italian "Marseillaise" and quoted Verdi's wish that the new anthem would "make the people forget both the poet and the composer". Mameli finished the poem in late August, and Mazzini immediately sent it to Verdi who was living and working in Paris at the time. Verdi sent the finished work, composed for a three part male chorus without accompaniment, to Mazzini on 18 October 1848. In the accompanying letter Verdi wrote: "I send you the hymn, and even if it is a bit late, I hope it will arrive in time. I have tried to be as popular and easy as I can be. Make use of it as you see fit: even burn it if you do not think it worthy."

Publication and performance history
In his letter to Mazzini of 18th October 1848, Verdi had recommended that if Mazzini wished to publish the hymn, he give it to Carlo Pozzi, an affiliate of Verdi's publisher Casa Ricordi. However, before the music reached Mazzini, the Austrian Empire had regained its lost territories and Milan's musical life was once again under the control of the Austrian censors. The numerous patriotic songs and anthems that had been published by Casa Ricordi and Casa Lucca during the brief revolution were withdrawn, with some of those editions destroyed. Mazzini did not try to have "Suona la tromba" officially published at that time, although in late 1848 a few copies of it were printed and circulated in Florence by the short-lived Associazione Nazionale per la Costituente Italiana (National Association for the Italian Constitution). Mameli died in 1849 at the age of 22. His earlier poem "Il Canto degli Italiani" (The Song of the Italians) later became the Italian National anthem. Verdi's score for "Suona la tromba" languished in the Casa Ricordi archives until 1865 when Mazzini gave it to the Milanese music publisher Paolo De Giorgi who brought it out as the first in a series of patriotic songs entitled Euterpe Patria. Verdi's hymn is sometimes referred to as "Euterpe Patria", although the series also included songs by several other composers. As a courtesy, De Giorgi had also asked for Verdi's approval, but Verdi was not happy with the idea and Francesco Maria Piave, acting on his behalf, tried to stop the publication.

However, his 1848 letter to Mazzini in which he had written "Make use of it as you see fit" was interpreted as having given Mazzini the right to control the hymn's publication. De Giorgi then made the gesture of offering to abandon the project if Verdi agreed to write a new hymn to inaugurate a monument to the Battle of Legnano, knowing full well that Verdi would refuse. The publication of "Suona la tromba" went ahead and came with a piano accompaniment arranged by Angelo Graffigna. De Georgi also published an "economy edition" of the work, under the title "Grido di guerra" (War cry).

There have been several subsequent arrangements of the hymn, some with orchestration, each tailored to popular tastes of the time. Ricordi published the score arranged for chorus and orchestra in 1898 and also included the hymn in 5 canti popolari del 1848, an anthology of patriotic songs published to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the 1848 uprisings. Nevertheless, "Suona la tromba" remained a relatively obscure piece until 1996. Students at the Milan Conservatory had unearthed the 1865 De Giorgi score in the conservatory's library, and it was performed by the City of Milan Chamber Choir in a broadcast by Rai 2 television on 7 February 1996. In 2011, the 150th anniversary of the unification of Italy, there were multiple performances of the work in commemorative concerts, and it was recorded by the La Scala Chamber Orchestra and Chorus for the CD Musica del Risorgimento.

The critical edition of the score, edited and annotated by Roberta Montemorra Marvin, was published by University of Chicago Press in 2007. In 2013, the Accademia Nazionale d’Arte Antica e Moderna published what is claimed to be the sole surviving copy of the score printed in Florence in 1848 and found in 2011 in the private archive of the Italian pianist and conductor Antonello Palazzolo.

title: Suona la tromba


text:
Liang

Liang may refer to:

Chinese history

 * Liang (state) (梁) (8th century BC – 641 BC), a Spring and Autumn period state
 * Wei (state) (403–225  BC), a Warring States period state, also known as Liang (梁) after moving its capital to Daliang
 * Kaifeng, a city formerly known as Daliang (大梁)
 * Liang (realm) (梁), a fief held by various princes under imperial China
 * Liang (Han dynasty kingdom) (梁), a kingdom/principality in the Han dynasty
 * Liang Province (涼州), an administrative division in ancient China covering present-day Gansu, Ningxia, and parts of Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia
 * Former Liang (涼) (320–376), one of the Sixteen Kingdoms
 * Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms) (涼) (386–403), one of the Sixteen Kingdoms
 * Southern Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms) (涼) (397–414), one of the Sixteen Kingdoms
 * Northern Liang (涼) (397–439), one of the Sixteen Kingdoms
 * Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms) (涼) (400–421), one of the Sixteen Kingdoms
 * Liang dynasty (梁) (502–557), a state during the Southern and Northern Dynasties period, also known as Southern Liang
 * Western Liang (555–587), a puppet state during the Northern and Southern dynasties period
 * Liang (梁) (617–621), a state founded by Xiao Xian at the end of the Sui dynasty
 * Liang (梁) (617–628), a state founded by Liang Shidu at the end of the Sui dynasty
 * Liang (涼) (618–619), a state founded by Li Gui at the end of the Sui dynasty
 * Later Liang (Five Dynasties) (梁) (907–923), a state during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

Other uses

 * Mukim Liang, an administrative division of Belait District, Brunei
 * Liang (surname) (梁), a Chinese surname
 * Tael (Chinese: 兩), a traditional East Asian unit of weight
 * Liang, a barangay in Malolos, Philippines
 * Liang Island, Beigan Township, Lienchiang County (Matsu Islands), Taiwan (Republic of China)

title: Liang


text:
XMDP

XHTML Meta Data Profiles (XMDP) is a format for defining metadata 'profiles' or formats in a machine-readable fashion, while also enabling people to see a description of the definition visually in a web browser. XMDP definitions are expressed in XHTML (or possibly HTML). Examples of applications that use XMDP include XFN and hCard.

Example
To apply, use the profile attribute in the head element of your document:

Where URL denotes the full address of your XMDP profile resource.

title: XMDP


text: Template:Campaignbox Admiral Yi 2nd Campaign


text:
File:Human Desire 1954.jpg

Fair use in Human Desire
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist.  Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Human Desire 1954.jpg


text:
Programming complexity

Programming complexity (or software complexity) is a term that includes software properties that affect internal interactions. Several commentators distinguish between the terms "complex" and "complicated". Complicated implies being difficult to understand, but ultimately knowable. Complex, by contrast, describes the interactions between entities. As the number of entities increases, the number of interactions between them increases exponentially, making it impossible to know and understand them all. Similarly, higher levels of complexity in software increase the risk of unintentionally interfering with interactions, thus increasing the risk of introducing defects when changing the software. In more extreme cases, it can make modifying the software virtually impossible.

The idea of linking software complexity to software maintainability has been explored extensively by Professor Manny Lehman, who developed his Laws of Software Evolution. He and his co-author Les Belady explored numerous software metrics that could be used to measure the state of software, eventually concluding that the only practical solution is to use deterministic complexity models.

Types
The complexity of an existing program determines the complexity of changing the program. Problem complexity can be divided into two categories:
 * 1) Accidental complexity relates to difficulties a programmer faces due to the software engineering tools. Selecting a better tool set or a higher-level programming language may reduce it. Accidental complexity often results from not using the domain to frame the form of the solution. Domain-driven design can help minimize accidental complexity.
 * 2) Essential complexity is caused by the characteristics of the problem to be solved and cannot be reduced.

Measures
Several measures of software complexity have been proposed. Many of these, although yielding a good representation of complexity, do not lend themselves to easy measurement. Some of the more commonly used metrics are
 * McCabe's cyclomatic complexity metric
 * Halstead's software science metrics
 * Henry and Kafura introduced "Software Structure Metrics Based on Information Flow" in 1981, which measures complexity as a function of "fan-in" and "fan-out". They define fan-in of a procedure as the number of local flows into that procedure plus the number of data structures from which that procedure retrieves information. Fan-out is defined as the number of local flows out of that procedure plus the number of data structures that the procedure updates. Local flows relate to data passed to, and from procedures that call or are called by, the procedure in question. Henry and Kafura's complexity value is defined as "the procedure length multiplied by the square of fan-in multiplied by fan-out" (Length ×(fan-in × fan-out)²).
 * Chidamber and Kemerer introduced "A Metrics Suite for Object-Oriented Design" in 1994, focusing on metrics for object-oriented code. They introduce six OO complexity metrics: (1) weighted methods per class; (2) coupling between object classes; (3) response for a class; (4) number of children; (5) depth of inheritance tree; and (6) lack of cohesion of methods.

Several other metrics can be used to measure programming complexity:
 * Branching complexity (Sneed Metric)
 * Data access complexity (Card Metric)
 * Data complexity (Chapin Metric)
 * Data flow complexity (Elshof Metric)
 * Decisional complexity (McClure Metric)
 * Path Complexity (Bang Metric)

Tesler's Law is an adage in human–computer interaction stating that every application has an inherent amount of complexity that cannot be removed or hidden.

Chidamber and Kemerer Metrics
Chidamber and Kemerer proposed a set of programing complexity metrics widely used in measurements and academic articles: weighted methods per class, coupling between object classes, response for a class, number of children, depth of inheritance tree, and lack of cohesion of methods, described below: \\0, & \text{otherwise } \end{cases}$$
 * Weighted methods per class ("WMC")
 * $$WMC = \sum_{i=1}^nc_i$$
 * n is the number of methods on the class
 * $$c_i$$is the complexity of the method
 * Coupling between object classes ("CBO")
 * number of other class which is coupled (using or being used)
 * Response for a class ("RFC")
 * $$RFC = |RS|$$ where
 * $$RS = \{M\}\cup_{all\ i} \{R_i\}$$
 * $$R_i$$ is set of methods called by method i
 * $$M$$ is the set of methods in the class
 * Number of children ("NOC")
 * sum of all classes that inherit this class or a descendant of it
 * Depth of inheritance tree ("DIT")
 * maximum depth of the inheritance tree for this class
 * Lack of cohesion of methods ("LCOM")
 * Measures the intersection of the attributes used in common by the class methods
 * $$LCOM = \begin{cases} |P| - |Q|, & \text{if } |P| > |Q|
 * Where $$P = \{ (I_i,I_j)|I_i\cap I_j = \emptyset\}$$
 * And $$Q = \{(I_i, I_j)|I_i \cap I_j \neq \emptyset\}$$
 * With $$I_i$$ is the set of attributes (instance variables) accessed (read from or written to) by the $$i$$-th method of the class

title: Programming complexity


text: File:Tone cluster.JPG

title: File:Tone cluster.JPG


text:
Jake Arnott

Jake Arnott (born 11 March 1961) is a British novelist and dramatist, author of The Long Firm (1999) and six other novels.

Life
Arnott was born in Buckinghamshire. Having left Aylesbury Grammar School at 17, he had various jobs including labourer, mortuary technician, artist's model, theatrical agency assistant, actor both with the Red Ladder Theatre Company in Leeds and appearing as a mummy in the film The Mummy. He lived in squats such as Bonnington Square and came out as bisexual in his twenties. In 2005 Arnott was ranked one of Britain's 100 most influential LGBT people.

Works
All of the novels by Arnott are engaged in the excavation of secret histories in the teasing out and restoration of events that have taken place beneath the surface of society.
 * The Long Firm (1999) tells of Harry Starks, a homosexual East End gangster in the 1960s. It includes references to many real life characters of the time including the Kray twins, Tom Driberg, and Judy Garland. A notable feature is that the story is told from five different points of view. It was adapted as a BBC 2 TV series starring Derek Jacobi, Phil Daniels and Mark Strong, broadcast in July 2004 and nominated for six BAFTAs, winning two.
 * He Kills Coppers (2001) tells of a criminal on the run, based on real life cop killer Harry Roberts, the tale starting in 1966, the year of England's World Cup triumph, through to the Margaret Thatcher era, the Greenham Common protests of the 1980s and the Poll Tax Riots. It was later adapted for television, appearing on ITV1 in the UK in March and April 2008.
 * truecrime (2003) takes up the story of a gangster found dead at Starks's Spanish villa at the end of The Long Firm. The dead man's daughter wants to flush out Harry Starks, whom she suspects of the murder. She is an actress and uses the making of a film about old time British gangsters as a means of tempting his appearance.
 * Johnny Come Home (2006) shifts from a focus on the criminal underworld to the early 1970s with a plot involving The Angry Brigade and a glam rock star inspired by Gary Glitter. Johnny Come Home had been withdrawn from sale in the UK due to the presence of a villainous former bandleader named Tony Rocco; there is a real former bandleader of that name, who objected to the character's name. The book has now been reissued with the character's name changed to Timothy Royal.
 * The Devil's Paintbrush (2009) is set in Paris in 1903, and deals with an encounter between disgraced homosexual former British Army officer Sir Hector MacDonald and the occultist Aleister Crowley.
 * The House of Rumour (2012) is set in London, Southern California and Munich during the Second World War and its aftermath. An American SF writer founds a new religion, a rocket scientist dabbles in the black arts and Rudolf Hess makes his dramatic night flight to Scotland after consulting astrologists. Described by the critic Mark Lawson as "A conspiracy thriller filled with bewildering connections, dark conjecture and arcane information, The House of Rumour perhaps most resembles The Da Vinci Code, rewritten by an author with the gifts of characterisation, wit and literacy."
 * Doctor Who: A Handful of Stardust (2014) features the sixth incarnation of the Doctor from the popular TV Sci-Fi Series. It was released as part of the "Time Trips" range, which featured works by authors who have never written for the character before.
 * The Visa Affair (2016), commissioned radio play for BBC Radio 3 in October 2016. The story of how Joe Orton struggled to get a US Visa to visit the Broadway production of Entertaining Mr Sloane in 1965.
 * The Fatal Tree (2017) is set in 18th-century London and follows stories that relate to "The Fatal Tree" i.e. the gallows at Tyburn. The Guardian called it a "Colourful descent into the underworld...absolutely gripping". According to an interview in the Scottish Sunday Herald, "Arnott originally pitched the book as Moll Flanders meets A Clockwork Orange, owing to its significant use of 18th-century London street slang. The London Evening Standard described it as "a phantasmagoric walk on the Wild side".

title: Jake Arnott