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Hans Filbinger

Hans Karl Filbinger (15 September 1913 – 1 April 2007) was a conservative German politician and a leading member of the centre-right Christian Democratic Union in the 1960s and 1970s, serving as the first chairman of the CDU Baden-Württemberg and vice chairman of the federal CDU. He was Minister President of Baden-Württemberg from 1966 to 1978 and as such also chaired the Bundesrat in 1973/74. He founded the conservative think tank Studienzentrum Weikersheim, which he chaired until 1997.

Filbinger had to resign as minister president and party chairman after allegations about his role as a navy lawyer and judge in the Second World War. While the CDU Baden-Württemberg elected him honorary chairman — a position he held until his death — he remained a controversial figure.

Professional and family life
Filbinger was born on 15 September 1913 in Mannheim, Grand Duchy of Baden. He studied law and economics at the University of Freiburg, the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, and in Paris. Having earned his doctorate in 1939 with the dissertation "Limits to majority rule in stock and corporation law", he worked as a lecturer at the University of Freiburg. In 1940 he passed his final examination.

Filbinger, a Catholic, was married to Ingeborg Breuer and had four daughters and a son. One of his daughters, Susanna Filbinger-Riggert (born 1951) wrote a book: Kein weißes Blatt. It is a father-daughter biography. (2013).

Filbinger and the Nazi Party
Filbinger first came into contact with Nazi organisations as a student.

He was a member of the Jugendbund Neudeutschland (Youth Federation New-Germany), which he had joined in grammar school. As this Catholic students' federation with political leanings to the Centre Party opposed their being integrated into the Hitler Youth, it was banned. Filbinger, who was a leading member in the district of Northern Baden, in April 1933 called his fellow members to continue their work with their previous intentions and issue a programme for the upcoming future. As a result, the NSDAP deemed him "politically unreliable".

On 1 June 1933, Filbinger joined the Sturmabteilung (SA), and later also the National Socialist students federation, but largely remained an inactive member. Attorney General Brettle advised Filbinger, as he was applying for his first examination in January 1937, that he could not expect to be admitted to the Referendariat, the preparatory service required for future state employees without having cleared himself from these political complaints. Seeing himself barred from the second examination and hence blocked from any further professional career, Filbinger asked to be admitted to NS party membership in spring.

World War II
In 1940, Filbinger was conscripted into the German Navy. He was promoted to the rank of Oberfähnrich and later to that of lieutenant. In 1943 he was ordered to enter the military legal department – according to his own account, against his will. Two attempts at avoiding this by volunteering for U-boat service in the Kriegsmarine didn't succeed. Filbinger served in the legal department until the end of the war in 1945. This period of his life was later raised to prominence in the Filbinger affair.

During that time he was a member of the Freiburg Circles, a group of Catholic intellectuals centred around the publisher Karl Färber. Filbinger used his periods of leave to return to Freiburg and attend lectures by Reinhold Schneider, a writer critical of the Nazi regime.

Without his knowledge, two of the conspirators of the 20 July Plot—Karl Sack and Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg—recommended Filbinger for employment after a successful coup, adding that one could always rely on Filbinger's "principled anti-Nazi stance and loyalty".

Early post-war career
In 1946, Filbinger resumed his academic work at the university of Freiburg, subscribing to Walter Eucken's ordoliberalism, and settled down as lawyer. In 1947, he was coopted into the International anti-trust commission, chaired by Eucken and Karl Gailer.

In 1951 Filbinger joined the Christian Democratic Union and rose to be chairman of the CDU of Southern Baden.

In 1953, Filbinger was elected to the city council of Freiburg.

In 1958, minister-president Gebhard Müller appointed him an honorary state council. As such he was a member of the state government, mainly concerned with the interests of Southern Baden in the young state of Baden-Württemberg.

In 1960, Filbinger was appointed Minister of the Interior. In the same year, he was elected into the state parliament of Baden-Württemberg, in which he represented the city of Freiburg. He remained a member of parliament until 1980.

Minister-president of Baden-Württemberg
In 1966, minister-president Kurt Georg Kiesinger was elected Chancellor of Germany and Filbinger succeeded him as minister-president of Baden-Württemberg.

At that time, the CDU's coalition partner FDP broke with the CDU in order to form a government with the SPD. Dramatic negotiations resulted in Filbinger forming a CDU-SPD government, mirroring the Federal Great Coalition.

The Great Coalition continued after the state elections of 1968 and went on to reform the administrative system. This reform merged many towns and districts to create more viable units. According to Filbinger, towns are "true sources of power for the state and provide the citizen with the feeling ... of having a home". The results transcended the historical borders of the historic regions of Baden and Württemberg.

The two regions had only been united in 1952 after a referendum. Their relationship had never been easy and the opposition against the new "South-West State" remained strong in Baden. Proponents of Baden's independence raised concerns about the legitimacy of the 1951 referendum because of the controversial voting modalities. In 1956, the Federal Constitutional Court declared the modalities and the merger of the states legal but added that the will of the people of Baden had indeed been glossed over by political machinations. The decision had no immediate consequences until Filbinger became Minister-President. He himself hailed from Baden and after the court had reiterated its earlier verdict in 1969, the Filbinger administration in 1970 held a second referendum in Baden, which resulted in an overwhelming approval of the merger. Filbinger has been dubbed "architect of Baden-Württemberg's unity" for this.

Filbinger also pushed his party, that still was organized as four distinct regional parties to unite into a single CDU of Baden-Württemberg and was duly elected the first chairman.

In the 1972 state elections, the Filbinger's CDU achieve 52,9% of the vote, gaining an absolute majority for the first time. In 1976, campaigning under the slogan "Freedom instead of socialism", he increased his party's vote to a hitherto unsurpassed 56,7%.

Filbinger was a staunch opponent of leftist tendencies in politics and the universities, and figured prominently in the struggle against terrorism. Against nationwide trends, he opposed comprehensive schools and expanded the state's tripartial school system (Hauptschule, Realschule, Gymnasium) and also vocational schools.

As minister-president of Baden-Würrtemberg, he was President of the Bundesrat, the representation of the states on the federal level, from 1973 to 1974.

During the 1970s, Filbinger enjoyed a tremendous popularity as a patriarchal figure. He was elected a member of federal CDU executive board and also deputy chairman. Analysts even deemed him a possible candidate for the presidential elections in 1979, when his career suddenly ended in 1978 due to the Filbinger affaire (see below), an event from which his reputation has never recovered.

Filbinger affair
The first criticism of Filbinger's war time record dates back to 10 April 1972. Two weeks before the Baden-Württemberg state elections, the Der Spiegel magazine published one of Filbinger's verdicts. On 29 May 1945, Filbinger presided at the trial against artillery man Petzold and sentenced him to six months imprisonment for incitement of discontent, refusal of obedience and resistance. In an editorial, the Spiegel also claimed that, based on Petzold's memories, Filbinger had referred to Hitler as "our beloved Führer ... who has brought the fatherland back up". Filbinger immediately reacted by filing a lawsuit against the Spiegel, demanding that the Spiegel desist from making such a claim. The court decided in favour of Filbinger, since it found Petzold an unreliable witness and the alleged quote in conflict with Filbinger's other utterances and actions.

Nonetheless, allegations against Filbinger continued at various occasions, e.g. in 1974 when Filbinger as President of the Bundesrat spoke at the tricennial of the 20 July Plot, or in 1975 during the debate about a nuclear facility at Wyhl. Debaters often twisted or neglected the existing evidence or confused the circumstance, Petzold's anti-Nazi stance in particular, with the actual verdict.

Filbinger's verdict against Petzold was especially criticized for having occurred after the surrender of the German military on 8 May 1945. However, the British military command had charged German officers in Norway with maintaining order among the German prisoners-of-war. Later the Petzold trial was confused with other cases involving Filbinger, creating the legend that Filbinger had sentenced a soldier to death for having spoken out against Nazism after German surrender.

The controversy was brought to the boiling point by the controversial German author Rolf Hochhuth. On 17 February 1978 the German weekly Die Zeit published a preview from Hochhuth's novel A Love in Germany (published October 1978), the backbone of which was the case of seaman Walter Gröger. Hochhuth accused Filbinger of having "participated" in four death sentences as a navy lawyer. The Petzold trial, though not involving a death sentence, Hochhuth deemed "outrageous" for having been held after the end of war.

In his allegations, Hochhuth called Filbinger "such a dreadful lawyer, so that one has to presume that ... he is only living in freedom because of the silence of those who knew him." As in the previous case, Filbinger filed a lawsuit against Hochhuth and Die Zeit, seeking to have the claim quoted above banned as libel. In contrast to the previous case, the court did not take the incriminated sentence as a unit but analysed and judged it bit by bit. On 13 June 1978 the court decided that Hochhuth's claims about illegal behaviour were indeed a libellous charges and banned the author from repeating them. However, The term "a dreadful lawyer" was deemed a judgement of opinion protected by freedom of speech. The court has been criticized for mistaken the causal connection between the two statements for a simple addition. Filbinger abstained from appealing the court's decision, and though Hochhuth did not repeat his "illegality" charges (and later even claimed that no one ever made such charges) the other allegation were echoed and variegated by the media.

Capital cases involving Filbinger
During his stint as a Navy lawyer, Filbinger had been involved in 230 cases, of which six were of a capital nature. In three of these cases, Filbinger was the attorney for the prosecution, in two cases he had been the presiding judge and in one case he had interfered from outside.

In May 1943 several seamen employed in clearing up the scene after an air raid on Kiel were accused of having stolen some petty goods from a drug store. Filbinger, as prosecutor, demanded the death penalty for the ringleader Krämer and the judge did sentence Krämer to death. After the verdict, Filbinger again interrogated the seaman about the incident and afterwards wrote a report putting the condemned man in a positive light. Filbinger appended this report to the verdict that had to be sent to the superior commander for confirmation and as the commander asked Filbinger to comment on the question whether the man should be pardoned, the prosecutor made the case for commuting the death penalty into a prison sentence. The commander agreed and sent Krämer into a punitive camp. Filbinger himself called his actions "an act of artifice, of manipulation, a lie, without a doubt".

The second case was the case on which Hochhuth's novel was based. The seaman Walter Gröger, deployed to Norway, had planned to desert and flee to Sweden with his Norwegian lover. The couple was found out and arrested and Gröger sentenced to eight years of prison. However, the commander of the fleet denied confirmation, returned the case to the Oslo court martial and ordered the prosecution to demand the death penalty. On the day of the trial, the original prosecutor, who already had pleaded for the death penalty, was prevented participating and Filbinger, who hadn't been involved in the case, was appointed prosecutor. According to the Admiral's orders, Filbinger demanded the death penalty and the court sentenced the seaman to death. Admiral Dönitz rejected a plea for pardon. On 16 March 1945 Gröger was executed and, according to military custom, Filbinger supervised the execution.

In two cases Filbinger saved opponents of the regime from execution: He interfered in the confirmation process of the case of military chaplain Möbius, who had been sentenced to death for a political statement. The case was reopened in spring 1945 and Möbius subsequently acquitted. As prosecutor in the case against Lieutenant Forstmeier, who had made some remarks about the 20 July Plot, he influenced the witnesses to testimonies, that could be interpreted in the defendant's favour, prolonged the proceedings and obtained a verdict of demotion and imprisonment on parole. Forstmeier was supposed to be sent to frontline combat, but the end of the war prevented this.

Finally, Filbinger issued two death sentences as a Navy judge: On 9 April, the Oslo court martial chaired by Filbinger dealt with the case of four seamen, who had killed their commanding officer and fled to Sweden. In absentia, the court sentenced them to death for murder and desertion. (In 1952, one of the seamen was again brought to trial and sentenced to ten years in prison). On 17 April 1945, Filbinger chaired the absentia trial against an Oberststeuermann who had taken his boat and fourteen seamen to Sweden and sentenced the senior NCO to death for desertion and undermining morale. Both verdicts were issued in absentia and could not reach the defendants. These two death sentences have been explained as an attempt of avoiding a breaking down of military discipline even at the end of the war, especially since the Navy was involved in evacuating two million Germans from East Prussia that was encircled by the Red Army.

According to Veteran FAZ editor Günter Gillessen, who reviewed the case in 2003, the facts paint a picture different from that of a bloodthirsty and unrepentant Nazi judge. this view was bolstered by Adolf Harms, who worked as a judge alongside Filbinger, including on the Gröger case. Harms described Filbinger as "no fierce dog", "definitely not a Nazi" and as someone with a decidedly negative attitude towards the then current political leadership".

Filbinger's reaction
Filbinger was not only criticized for his actions during the war, but also for his reactions to the allegations in 1978: In his first reactions to the allegations, Filbinger had claimed that he had "never issued a single death sentence", which was later contradicted by the revelation of the two in absentia cases from April 1945. That Filbinger recalled the two death sentences of 1945 only during the controversy in 1978 seemed incredible and outrageous to many. Filbinger explained this by characterizing the verdicts as "phantom verdicts" with no further consequences for the absent defendants.

Another issue revolves around the sentence "Was damals rechtens war, kann heute nicht Unrecht sein" ("What was lawful then, cannot be unlawful today."). This comment was part of an interview the Spiegel had conducted with Filbinger on 15 May 1978. The Spiegel interpreted the quote as a justification of Nazi laws, whereas Filbinger had referred to the military penal code of 1872, that was in force throughout the Second World War. Filbinger complained that his quote had been edited and taken out of context and his then spokesman Gerhard Goll, who had been present during the interview, called the magazine's interpretation "not only untrue but also an infamy". Goll stated that Filbinger was referring in particular the fact that all nations in 1945 considered the death penalty as an adequate and necessary deterrent against desertion, whereas he had always considered and labelled the Nazi state as a "tyranny of injustice". Still, the quote as originally published stuck with Filbinger and has been the basis of much of the recurring criticism. Since then Spiegel, Zeit and other media have repeated the controversial interpretations, leading to letters of protest by Filbinger. In 1991, the Zeit was forced by court injunction to publish corrections.

Filbinger's critics have been criticized for violating the presumption of innocence and for putting their adversary in a vicious circle, in which a rejection of allegations is taken as a confirmation of guilt.

Filbinger has been criticized for not enquiring about other cases after the first allegations, for not being forthcoming enough or for placing too much emphasis on the legal dimension of the allegations.

Filbinger's resignation
After CDU politicians had joined in the criticism, Filbinger resigned as minister-president on 7 August 1978, and also as chairman of the CDU Baden-Württemberg. In both positions, he was succeeded by Lothar Späth. Despite this, the CDU Baden-Württemberg appointed him honorary chairman in 1979, which he remained until his death. Filbinger also had to relinquish his offices in the federal party, resigning as deputy chairman in 1978 and giving up his seat on the executive board in 1981.

As he resigned from office, Filbinger stated that the attacks would be revealed as untrue, if they hadn't been so yet. Some historians and lawyers have agreed with this, while others dispute this conclusion. The CDU Baden-Württemberg considers Filbinger as rehabilitated.

Subsequent events
After his withdrawal from politics, Filbinger in 1979 founded the conservative think tank Studienzentrum Weikersheim (Weikersheim Centre of Studies), which he chaired until 1997.

In 1987, Filbinger published his memoirs titled Die geschmähte Generation (The slandered generation), in which he again defended himself against his critics. In a review of this book, historian Golo Mann called the events of 1978 a "masterly orchestrated hunt against Filbinger".

After the collapse of the GDR in 1989/90, two Stasi lieutenants revealed that they had been involved in the campaign against Filbinger:

 * "We have fought against Filbinger actively, that means we have collected material and have leaked forged or manipulated material into the west. The fight against Filbinger was a substantial part of "Action Black", a long lasting campaign against conservatives, CDU/CSU, Fascists."

Stasi document P3333 reveals that Filbinger had been spied on since the end of the 1960s. Note that the use of the word Fascist adheres to usage prevalent in Communist states.

Filbinger's case sparks controversy even to this day.

On 16 September 2003, a day after his 90th birthday, Filbinger was honoured by a reception at Ludwigsburg Palace. The 130 guests included most government ministers of Baden-Württemberg and his successors Lothar Späth and Erwin Teufel. Protests accompanied the Ludwigsburg reception and had previously resulted in the cancelling in of a similar reception in Filbinger's home town Freiburg.

Filbinger has been elected to the Federal Convention as a representative of Baden-Würrtemberg's parliament in 1959, 1969, 1974, 1994, 1999, and 2004. The last occasion in 2004 caused controversy, as SPD, Greens, PDS, the German PEN and the Central Council of Jews in Germany protested this choice. However, on 31 March 2004, all candidates, including Filbinger, were unanimously confirmed by all parties in the state parliament, including the SPD and Green groupings.

Filbinger died on 1 April 2007 in Freiburg im Breisgau.

On 11 April 2007, Günther Oettinger, at that time the Minister President of Baden-Württemberg, held a controversial eulogy during the memorial service for his predecessor. In his speech Oettinger described Filbinger as "not a National-Socialist" but "an opponent of the Nazi regime", who could flee the constraints of the regime as little as million others". About Filbinger's role as navy judge, Oettiner pointed out that no one lost his life because of a verdict by Filbinger and had not the power and freedom supposed by his critics. Oettinger was subsequently accused by politicians and the media of diminishing the significance of the Nazi dictatorship. German Chancellor Angela Merkel reacted with public admonishment, stating that she would have preferred if "the critical questions" would have been raised. Oettinger was also criticized by opposition politicians and the Central Council of Jews; some of his critics even called for his demission.

Oettinger at first defended his speech but added that he regretted any "misunderstanding" about his eulogy, but did not withdraw his comments on Filbinger's past. However, on April 16 he distanced himself from his comments.

Literature

 * Wolfram Wette (Hrsg.): Filbinger, eine deutsche Karriere. zu Klampen, Springer 2006, ISBN 3-934920-74-8.
 * Susanna Filbinger-Riggert, Liane Dirks: Kein weißes Blatt: eine Vater-Tochter-Biografie. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2013, ISBN 978-3-593-39803-7.

title: Hans Filbinger


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Warmonds Hill

Warmonds Hill is a district of Higham Ferrers (where to population is included), Northamptonshire located north west of the town centre.

It westerly border is the River Nene and A45 trunk road while its easterly border is the former A6.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Warmonds Hill


text: User talk:194.83.68.90

title: User talk:194.83.68.90


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Natural fiber

Natural fibers or natural fibres (see spelling differences) are fibers that are produced by geological processes, or from the bodies of plants or animals. They can be used as a component of composite materials, where the orientation of fibers impacts the properties. Natural fibers can also be matted into sheets to make paper or felt.

The earliest evidence of humans using fibers is the discovery of wool and dyed flax fibers found in a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia that date back to 36,000 BP. Natural fibers can be used for high-tech applications, such as composite parts for automobiles and medical supplies. Compared to composites reinforced with glass fibers, composites with natural fibers have advantages such as lower density, better thermal insulation, and reduced skin irritation. Further, unlike glass fibers, natural fibers can be broken down by bacteria once they are no longer used.

Natural fibers are good water absorbents and can be found in various textures. Cotton fibers made from the cotton plant, for example, produce fabrics that are light in weight, soft in texture, and which can be made in various sizes and colors. Clothes made of natural fibers such as cotton are often preferred over clothing made of synthetic fibers by people living in hot and humid climates.

Animal fibers
Animal fibers generally comprise proteins such as collagen, keratin and fibroin; examples include silk, sinew, wool, catgut, angora, mohair and alpaca.
 * Animal hair (wool or hairs): Fiber or wool taken from animals or hairy mammals. e.g. sheep's wool, goat hair (cashmere, mohair), alpaca hair, horse hair, etc.
 * Silk fiber: Fiber secreted by glands (often located near the mouth) of insects during the preparation of cocoons.

Chitin
Chitin is the world's second most abundant natural polymer, with collagen being the first. It is a "linear polysaccharide of β-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose". Chitin is highly crystalline and is usually composed of chains organized in a β sheet. Due to its high crystallinity and chemical structure, it is insoluble in many solvents. It also has low toxicity in the body and is inert in the intestines. Chitin also has antibacterial properties.

Chitin forms crystals that make fibrils that become surrounded by proteins. These fibrils can bundle to make larger fibers that contribute to the hierarchical structure of many biological materials. These fibrils can form randomly oriented networks that provide the mechanical strength of the organic layer in different biological materials.

Chitin provides protection and structural support to many living organisms. It makes up the cell walls of fungi and yeast, the shells of mollusks, the exoskeletons of insects and arthropods. In shells and exoskeletons, the chitin fibers contribute to their hierarchical structure.

In nature, pure chitin (100% acetylation) does not exist. It instead exists as a copolymer with chitin's deacetylated derivative, chitosan. When the acetylized composition of the copolymer is over 50% acetylated it is chitin. This copolymer of chitin and chitosan is a random or block copolymer.

Chitosan
Chitosan is a deacetylated derivative of chitin. When the acetylated composition of the copolymer is below 50% it is chitosan. Chitosan is a semicrystalline "polymer of β-(1-4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose". One difference between chitin and chitosan is that chitosan is soluble in acidic aqueous solutions. Chitosan is easier to process that chitin, but it is less stable because it is more hydrophilic and has pH sensitivity. Due to its ease of processing, chitosan is used in biomedical applications.

Collagen
Collagen is a structural protein, often referred to as "the steel of biological materials". There are multiple types of collagen: Type I (comprising skin, tendons and ligaments, vasculature and organs, as well as teeth and bone and artery walls); Type II (a component in cartilage); Type III (often found in reticular fibers); and others. Collagen has a hierarchical structure, forming triple helices, fibrils, and fibers. Collagen are a family of protein that support and strengthen many tissues in the body.

Keratin
Keratin is a structural protein located at the hard surfaces in many vertebrates. Keratin has two forms, α-keratin and β-keratin, that are found in different classes of chordates. The naming convention for these keratins follows that for protein structures: alpha keratin is helical and beta keratin is sheet-like. Alpha keratin is found in mammalian hair, skin, nails, horn and quills, while beta keratin can be found in avian and reptilian species in scales, feathers, and beaks. The two different structures of keratin have dissimilar mechanical properties, as seen in their dissimilar applications. The relative alignment of the keratin fibrils significantly impacts the mechanical properties. In human hair the filaments of alpha keratin are highly aligned, giving a tensile strength of approximately 200MPa. This tensile strength is an order of magnitude higher than human nails (20MPa), because human hair's keratin filaments are more aligned.

Properties
Natural fibers tend to have decreased stiffness and strength compared to synthetic fibers. Properties also decrease with the age of the fiber. Younger fibers tend to be stronger and more elastic than older ones. Many natural fibers exhibit strain rate sensitivity due to their viscoelastic nature. Bone contains collagen and exhibits strain rate sensitivity in that the stiffness increases with strain rate, also known as strain hardening. Spider silk has hard and elastic regions that together contribute to its strain rate sensitivity, these cause the silk to exhibit strain hardening as well. Properties of natural fibers are also dependent on the moisture content in the fiber.

Moisture dependence
The presence of water plays a crucial role in the mechanical behavior of natural fibers. Plants depend on water to help them grow. If the humidity was too high, then it would cause the plants to create mold and bacteria. Humidity would also increase the amount of pests around the plants. Hydrated, biopolymers generally have enhanced ductility and toughness. Water plays the role of a plasticizer, a small molecule easing passage of polymer chains and in doing so increasing ductility and toughness. When using natural fibers in applications outside of their native use, the original level of hydration must be taken into account. For example when hydrated, the Young's Modulus of collagen decreases from 3.26 to 0.6 GPa and becomes both more ductile and tougher. Additionally the density of collagen decreases from 1.34 to 1.18 g/cm3.

Industrial use
Of industrial value are four animal fibers: wool, silk, camel hair, and angora as well as four plant fibers: cotton, flax, hemp, and jute. Dominant in terms of scale of production and use is cotton for textiles.

Natural fiber composites
Natural fibers are also used in composite materials, much like synthetic or glass fibers. These composites, called biocomposites, are a natural fiber in a matrix of synthetic polymers. One of the first biofiber-reinforced plastics in use was a cellulose fiber in phenolics in 1908. Usage includes applications where energy absorption is important, such as insulation, noise absorbing panels, or collapsable areas in automobiles.

Natural fibers can have different advantages over synthetic reinforcing fibers. Most notably they are biodegradable and renewable. Additionally, they often have low densities and lower processing costs than synthetic materials. Design issues with natural fiber-reinforced composites include poor strength (natural fibers are not as strong as glass fibers) and difficulty with actually bonding the fibers and the matrix. Hydrophobic polymer matrices offer insufficient adhesion for hydrophilic fibers.

Nanocomposites
Nanocomposites are desirable for their mechanical properties. When fillers in a composite are at the nanometer length scale, the surface to volume ratio of the filler material is high, which influences the bulk properties of the composite more compared to traditional composites. The properties of these nanosized elements is markedly different from that of its bulk constituent.

In regards to natural fibers, some of the best example of nanocomposites appear in biology. Bone, abalone shell, nacre, and tooth enamel are all nanocomposites. As of 2010, most synthetic polymer nanocomposites exhibit inferior toughness and mechanical properties compared to biological nanocomposites. Completely synthetic nanocomposites do exist, however nanosized biopolymers are also being tested in synthetic matrices. Several types of protein based, nanosized fibers are being used in nanocomposites. These include collagen, cellulose, chitin and tunican. These structural proteins must be processed before use in composites.

To use cellulose as an example, semicrystalline microfibrils are sheared in the amorphous region, resulting in microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). These small, crystalline cellulose fibrils are at this points reclassified as a whisker and can be 2 to 20 nm in diameter with shapes ranging from spherical to cylindrical. Whiskers of collagen, chitin, and cellulose have all be used to make biological nanocomposites. The matrix of these composites are commonly hydrophobic synthetic polymers such as polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride and copolymers of polystyrene and polyacrylate.

Traditionally in composite science a strong interface between the matrix and filler is required to achieve favorable mechanical properties. If this is not the case, the phases tend to separate along the weak interface and makes for very poor mechanical properties. In a MCC composite however this is not the case, if the interaction between the filler and matrix is stronger than the filler-filler interaction the mechanical strength of the composite is noticeably decreased.

Difficulties in natural fiber nanocomposites arise from dispersity and the tendency small fibers to aggregate in the matrix. Because of the high surface area to volume ratio the fibers have a tendency to aggregate, more so than in micro-scale composites. Additionally secondary processing of collagen sources to obtain sufficient purity collagen micro fibrils adds a degree of cost and challenge to creating a load bearing cellulose or other filler based nanocomposite.

Biomaterial and biocompatibility
Natural fibers often show promise as biomaterials in medical applications. Chitin is notable in particular and has been incorporated into a variety of uses. Chitin based materials have also been used to remove industrial pollutants from water, processed into fibers and films, and used as biosensors in the food industry. Chitin has also been used several of medical applications. It has been incorporated as a bone filling material for tissue regeneration, a drug carrier and excipient, and as an antitumor agent. Insertion of foreign materials into the body often triggers an immune response, which can have a variety of positive or negative outcomes depending on the bodies response to the material. Implanting something made from naturally synthesized proteins, such as a keratin based implant, has the potential to be recognized as natural tissue by the body. This can lead either to integration in rare cases where the structure of the implant promotes regrowth of tissue with the implant forming a superstructure or degradation of the implant in which the backbones of the proteins are recognized for cleavage by the body.

title: Natural fiber


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Evan Greenspoon

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  06:56, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Evan Greenspoon
Non-notable, lack of meaningful content (possibly should be userfied) Dvyost 12:13, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Just delete - nn CLW 12:43, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, no verifiability or significance. Friday (talk) 14:19, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as per WP:CSD A7. Hall Monitor 18:13, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy per CSD:A7--Isotope23 21:20, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete per CSD A7.--Sean Jelly Baby? 22:43, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I've speedied this per the consensus of votes AND because Mr. Greenspoon's two partners in his endevor have already been speedied as CSD:A7.--Isotope23 00:02, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

Evan Greenspoon, Round Two This article has been recreated, still non-notably; a request to have it speedied was declined, so I'm reposting it here. The film "Milk" gets no Google hits when combined with Greenspoon's name, nor does the Ogden-Nash film festival. Unverifiable, non-notable. I'd still suggest speedy but at the very least delete. --Dvyost 17:35, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I originaly rejected this as a speedy - the article states that he's the co-editor of a magazine and stared in a film. Those claims may well be bogus, or notabilty may not be established by them, but can someone explain to me how that is not an assertion of notability per WP:CSD? --Doc (?) 18:36, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I guess I'd argue that without any explanation of why this magazine or film is notable, there's still no explanation of notability; many of us have worked on small college publications or starred in a friend's film for a local film festival, and that's really not notability. Still, since I suspect you know the guidelines better than me, I've followed your advice and am perfectly happy to wait it out here.  For clarity's sake I'll set this discussion off from the previous one.--Dvyost 19:00, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually, re-reading Deletion of vanity articles makes me think that you're right, Doc. Change my vote to just delete, for the reasons I listed above.  --Dvyost 19:08, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete not notable enough for Wikipedia. Johntex\talk 19:39, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete. --Daniel Lotspeich 08:40, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Geoff Love

Geoffrey Love (4 September 1917 – 8 July 1991) was a prolific British arranger and composer of easy listening and pop versions of film themes, famous in the late 1950s under the stage name Manuel and the Music of the Mountains.

Early years
Love was born in Todmorden, West Riding of Yorkshire, England, the only son and younger of two surviving children (an elder sister Cornelia) of African American Thomas Edward (Kidd) Love and his English wife, Frances Helen Maycock (1892–1975), an actress and singer.

The Loves travelled around Britain as entertainers, but, following the death of his father, the family returned to their grandmother's house in Todmorden. Whilst at school, Love learned the trombone. After leaving school at 15, Love worked as a car mechanic and played trombone at dance halls in the evening. Having turned professional at 17, Love joined Freddie Platt's band.

Later, in 1936, he joined Jan Ralfini's band playing in London and learned to play jazz. With the outbreak of the Second World War, Love was called up and joined the King's Royal Rifle Corps. Whilst in the armed forces, Love spent time learning orchestration by questioning musicians how best to write for their individual instruments.

Love married Cicely Joyce Peters (known as Joy, 1923/4–1993) on 4 April 1942. She worked alongside Love, organising his recording sessions and accounts. They had two sons, Adrian (1944–1999), who became a well-known radio presenter, and Nigel (1948–2013).

Post-war career
Following his release from the army, Love became a freelance trombonist and arranger, and also played with Stanley Black's BBC orchestra. He also developed his orchestration through the tutelage of the harpist Marie Goossens.

In the early 1950s, along with saxophonist Harry Gold, his brother Laurie Gold and pianist Norrie Paramor, Love was a member of the 'Pieces of Eight' playing Dixieland jazz.

Although Love continued to play trombone at recording sessions (for example with bandleader Lew Stone), he was doing more and more orchestral arrangements. His arrangements were played by the Cliff Adams Singers, Ambrose and Ken Mackintosh dance bands, as well work for television and radio orchestras.

By the mid-1950s Love was writing for several recording labels, moving from Philips to Polydor and PolyGram before finally settling at EMI. Whilst at the HMV label he arranged for Frankie Vaughan and Alma Cogan among others. Whilst working at Columbia, he arranged Laurie London's gospel song "He's Got the Whole World in His Hands", a 1957 chart topper in the US.

In the late 1950s, playing under the pseudonym of 'Manuel and his Music of the Mountains', Love created his Theme from Honeymoon (1959) which proved popular in the UK. His attempt to keep his identity secret whilst playing as 'Manuel' was impossible due to success, especially in the US in 1959 and 1960.

In 1959 he and his orchestra recorded an album with British singer Shirley Bassey named The Fabulous Shirley Bassey. It was her first album for the Columbia label.

In 1964, "Geoff Love's Music" backed the British rock duo Peter and Gordon on their first two hit singles (both written by Paul McCartney), the UK and US No. 1 hit "A World Without Love" and the top 15 hit "Nobody I Know". Geoff Love also arranged and conducted most of Peter and Gordon's subsequent hit singles including "I Go to Pieces"(US #9 in 1964), "True Love Ways"(US #14 and UK #2 in 1965), and "Lady Godiva"(US #6 and UK #16 in 1966), as well as numerous album tracks.

During the 1960s and into the 1970s, Love recorded many albums for MFP, often featuring film or television themes such as: Big Western Movie Themes (1969), Big War Movie Themes (1971), Big Suspense Movie Themes (1972), Your Top TV Themes (1972), Big Terror Movie Themes (1976) and other instrumental and disco music. Big Bond Movie Themes (1975) featuring a selection of instrumental versions of music and songs from the James Bond film series from Dr. No up to The Man with the Golden Gun (including Burt Bacharach's Casino Royale from the 1967 spoof Bond film) has since become one of Love's most sought after MFP albums. One of these MFP sets was called Glad with Love – which featured the pianist Mrs Mills and Geoff Love on a sing-along together – with studio audience participation. One of Love's most recognised arrangements was "Rodrigo's Guitar Concerto De Aranjuez (Theme From 2nd Movement)" by Manuel and the Music of the Mountains (soloist Ivor Mairants), which reached No. 3 on the UK charts. This was announced as the number one single in the United Kingdom in February 1976 but the chart was withdrawn four hours later due to compilation errors, making it the shortest period that a song had been number one. He also made a very popular album of arrangements of Christmas Carols and Songs * Christmas with Love (1972)

Love appeared on television with pianist Russ Conway and became well known for working alongside singer-comedian Max Bygraves. He was also a prolific composer, writing the theme music for the ITV sitcom Bless This House. Love also made some recordings as a vocalist.

He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1975 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews.

In the early 1980s, Love was the co-founder (with Bill Starling) of the Young Person's Concert Foundation. He travelled the country with this charity promoting music to schools and other venues. In the late 1980s, Love became involved with several brass bands.

An extract of his recording, Tico's Tune, was used as the theme tune for the long-running Gay Byrne Show on Ireland's RTÉ Radio 1 station.

Awards
Love's prolific career garnered one platinum, fifteen gold and thirteen silver discs, and a special trophy for selling in excess of 2½ million records.

Death
Love died at the University College Hospital, Camden, London, on 8 July 1991 at the age of 73.

Albums

 * The Music of the Mountains (1960)
 * Mountain Carnival (1961)
 * Ecstasy (1963)
 * Mountain Fiesta (1964)
 * Exotica (1965)
 * Blue Waters (1966)
 * Sunrise, Sunset (1967)
 * Beyond the Mountains (1967)
 * Mirage (1968)
 * Magic Fountains (1968)
 * Reflections (1969)
 * Manuel and the Music of the Masters (1969)
 * Manuel and the Music of the Movies (1970)
 * Cascade (1971)
 * Carnival (1971)
 * Manuel Meets Pepe Jaramillo (1971)
 * Mardi Gras (1972)
 * The Sun, the Sea and the Sky (1972)
 * Horizons (1973)
 * Shangri-La (1973)
 * Y Viva España (1974)
 * El Bimbo (1975)
 * Star Wars and Other Space Themes (1975)
 * Big Bond Movie Themes (1975)
 * Masquerade (1976)
 * Mountain Fire (1977)
 * The Music of Manuel (1978)
 * The Magic of Manuel (1978)
 * Close Encounters of the Third Kind and Other Disco Galactic Themes (1978)
 * Super Natural (1979)
 * Viva Manuel (1979)
 * Fiesta (1980)
 * Fantasy (1981)
 * Mountain Festa (1990)
 * Magic of Manuel & the Music of the Mountains(1991)
 * With Love (1992)
 * Instrumental love songs(1994) three-CD set
 * Golden sounds of Manuel & the Music of the Mountains (1996)
 * Reflections/Carnival (1998)
 * 50 Sing Along Wartime Hits (2005)
 * Very Best of (2008)
 * Latin with Love & Dreaming with Love (2011)
 * Big Suspense Movie Themes & Big Band Movie Themes (2011)
 * Mountain Fire & Beyond the Mountains (2012)
 * Star Wars & Other Space Themes/Close Encounters & Other Discos (2012)
 * Mountain Carnival (2013)
 * Big Western Movie Themes & Great TV Western Band Themes (2013)
 * Waltzes with Love & More Waltzes with Love (2013)
 * Music of Michel Legrand & Music of Ennio Morricone (2013)
 * Heat Wave (2017)

As Mandingo

 * The Primeval Rhythm of Life (1972)
 * Sacrifice (1973)
 * Mandingo III (A Story of Survival) (1974)
 * Savage Rite (1975)

title: Geoff Love


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zachary Hines

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was Speedy-deleted under criterion A7

Zachary Hines
non-notable, lack of meaningful content, possibly should be userfied Dvyost 12:15, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Just delete - nn CLW 12:43, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for lack of verifiability and significance. Friday (talk) 14:20, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete quickly as a borderline speedy deletion candidate. Hall Monitor 18:12, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy per CSD:A7--Isotope23 21:19, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Color it gone. - Lucky 6.9 21:21, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ronses

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 12:15, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Ronses
It's a blog/messageboard with no claim to notability The Land 12:15, 4 October 2005 (UTC) Its a popular message board, There should be no problem with this article unsigned contribution by. Lord Bob 15:10, 4 October 2005 (UTC) Moderator Raven	202	4339	Wed Oct 05, 2005 7:07 am hrudey How do I?about putting up on Wikipedia. It's probably not patent nonsense anymore, so much as forumcruft, but I'm not sure enough to do anything about it. Lord Bob 15:11, 4 October 2005 (UTC) I would also mention that ronses (as now posted) is also a slang word in Bolton, England UK. Yes the forum is fairly small in numbers but is a tight knit community. Yes we have no form of Advertising. Thanks for you time
 * Per nomination. The Land 12:15, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - nn CLW 12:43, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Ronses are red, violets are blue. Deleting this article is a good thing to do. (non-notable, advertising, forum has a whopping 39 members although they do seem to talk a lot). Also see chebs, a CSD candidate that these 39 people happily gloat tes files here.
 * To be fair I also CSD'd 'chebs', which was possibly overstepping myself. The Land 15:22, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn. Marcus22 20:00, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete nn, POV issues, and unencyclopedic in nature will381796 20:45, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Ronses is also a term I am voting to Delete as non-notable.--Isotope23 21:18, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

don't delete ronses or i will get AIDS :(

 * Ahh, this is hilarious. Ronses discussion of the AfD - my favourite quote is "If you want the article to stay, do not write 'you love the cock' ". Can we add that to policy? The Land 10:22, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I'd support it. Not that there's anything wrong with loving the cock, it's just, well, non-notable vanity fancruft. Or something. Lord Bob 14:31, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete you love the cock ... er, non-notable. Xoloz 15:43, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ronses


text:
Jim Herd

James Herd (born March 24, 1939) is a former television production executive, Pizza Hut manager, and professional wrestling executive. Herd was the Executive Vice President of World Championship Wrestling (WCW) from 1988 to 1992 following Turner Broadcasting's acquisition of the National Wrestling Alliance-affiliated Jim Crockett Promotions in 1988. However, his tenure received much criticism from wrestlers and fans alike.

Early life and career
Before beginning his role in WCW, Herd had been a station manager for the St. Louis TV station KPLR-TV, which broadcast the then-popular wrestling show Wrestling at the Chase. Later on, he served as a regional manager for Pizza Hut.

World Championship Wrestling
Herd was hired as Executive Vice President of World Championship Wrestling in 1988, through his connections and friendship with Turner executive Jack Petrik. His tenure officially began on January 3, 1989.

Criticism
Many wrestling personalities, fans, and workers have openly criticized Herd for his lack of knowledge of pro wrestling, lack of respect for established wrestlers, and complete unwillingness to learn or listen to anyone who knew what they were doing. Ric Flair in particular stated that Herd "knew nothing about wrestling, other than the fact that the station he ran had a hot show". During his run in WCW, Herd tried to compete with Vince McMahon and the World Wrestling Federation by introducing the same kind of gimmicks that were a part of McMahon's WWF at the time, alienating the diehard NWA audience. For example, he once tried to come up with a tag team called The Hunchbacks (with the gimmick in which they could not be pinned because their humps would prevent their shoulders from touching the mats) and after that idea was rejected by the booking committee he came up with the bell-wearing team, The Ding Dongs (portrayed by The Rock n Roll Rebels). After that, he came up with Big Josh, a lumberjack who was accompanied by dancing bears. Stan Hansen left the organization to return to All Japan Pro Wrestling after the idea was pitched to him to become a part of the comedic cowboy stable called The Desperados. Jim Cornette wanted the Midnight Express to become part of the Four Horsemen, which would give the established team a boost, but he and Stan Lane also left the organization in October 1990, breaking up the Midnight Express and leaving Bobby Eaton on his own, after Herd would blame his many failures on Cornette and others. Even The Road Warriors, as Animal has stated on WWE Home Video's Road Warriors DVD, had a fallout with Herd as well and resigned from WCW in June 1990; as a "middle finger" to Herd, the Road Warriors decided to clean job to the Midnight Express (which was also to repay them for when they beat them for the World tag team belts). Herd also tried to talk down, as if to a child, to Shane Douglas about the difference in ratings between WCW and the WWF, saying, "You probably won't understand this, since you're only a wrestler." Herd got angry when Douglas, a man with two master's degrees in education, explained it back and showed Herd how little he truly knew about where they were against the WWF. Herd tried to bury Douglas into jobber status, which prompted Douglas to reach out to the WWF.

In stark contrast to others, enhancement talent George South said that he and the other enhancement talent liked Herd because he would pay per diem to wrestlers to cover the cost of rental cars, which enabled low-paid wrestlers to earn a little extra money.

Feud with Ric Flair
Herd regularly clashed with the then NWA World Heavyweight Champion and booking committee member Ric Flair. According to Flair, Herd wanted him to drop his entire "Nature Boy" persona, cut his signature bleached blond hair, and adopt a Roman gladiator gimmick by the name of Spartacus in order to "change with the times". This did not sit well with Flair and the committee (committee member Kevin Sullivan was quoted as saying: "While we're doing this, why don't we go to Yankee Stadium and change Babe Ruth's number?"). Herd believed Flair's time was over as a main event player and the big money was with Sting and Lex Luger. This backstage feud hit its breaking point when during contract renegotiation Flair refused to take a pay cut and he moved away from the main event position as he was by far the company's biggest draw. He also refused to drop the title to Luger as Herd wanted, saying that he had promised to drop it to Sting and Herd had previously agreed. Herd did not care what he had said earlier and accused Flair of holding up the company, but Flair said he was simply holding Herd to his word. Flair tried to compromise with Herd and offered to drop the title to fellow Horsemen Barry Windham, feeling that Windham had long been passed over and deserved a run with the title. However, as Flair was planning to leave to wrestle Windham so he could lose the title, on July 1, 1991, two weeks before the Great American Bash, Herd fired Flair from WCW and stripped him of the WCW World Heavyweight Championship. However, Flair was still in possession of the physical championship belt.

Flair brings the belt to WWF's TV programs
Upon notification, Flair called Vince McMahon of the rival World Wrestling Federation to inform him of the situation. McMahon offered Flair a deal with the WWF in exchange for him sending McMahon the belt and Flair obliged. A couple of weeks later, promos were being shown of Bobby Heenan with Flair's belt on WWF television. NWA and WCW officials expressed frustration at Herd's actions and amidst loud "We Want Flair!" chants at WCW events during this period made a final attempt to save face by offering Flair substantially more money to return, but their efforts failed.

Legacy and aftermath
The matter with Flair caused a lawsuit between the two companies, but eventually the lawsuit was dropped. In the 2008 WWE DVD Nature Boy Ric Flair: The Definitive Collection, Flair said he kept the "Big Gold Belt" because he was never paid back his $25,000 initial deposit for the NWA title, plus interest, which totaled $38,000. Herd resigned from WCW on January 8, 1992, and was replaced by Kip Allen Frey. Flair returned to WCW in February 1993.

title: Jim Herd


text:
Night of the Demon (1980 film)

Night of the Demon is a 1980 American horror film directed by James C. Wasson, written by Jim L. Ball and Mike Williams, and starring Michael Cutt, Joy Allen, Robert Collings, Jodi Lazarus, Richard Fields, Michael Lang, and Melanie Graham. The film centers on an anthropologist who, along with a group of his pupils, embarks on an expedition to prove the existence of Bigfoot in a rural region of Northern California, only to be stalked and systematically slaughtered by the creature.

Completed in 1979, the film was first released on VHS in the United States in 1983. Due to its graphic violence, the film was deemed a "video nasty" by the British Board of Film Classification, and underwent heavy censorship in the United Kingdom. It later received a DVD release from Code Red in 2011, sourced from a tape master. In November 2021, Severin Films issued the film for the first time on Blu-ray, featuring a 2K scan from the original film elements, which were previously alleged to be lost.

Plot
Bill Nugent, an anthropology professor, is approached by Carla Thomas, a young woman whose father was murdered in the woods in Northern California. She suspects that his death was caused by a Bigfoot who, according to legend, resides in the woods in the region. Despite a number of disappearances and brutal murders–including the death of a young couple, the manual emasculation of a biker, and the butchering of two Girl Scouts–police have deemed the theory of a Bigfoot being responsible a hoax. Carla requests to accompany Bill along with four of his students—Roy, Pete, Gary, and Linda—on an expedition aiming to prove Bigfoot's existence.

They embark by boat along a river, and first camp on the property of an elderly man, Lou Carlson, who has claimed to witness the Bigfoot. Lou allows them to stay but is evasive when they attempt to speak to him. When one of the students, Roy, bribes Lou with alcohol, Lou suggests they seek out Wanda, a recluse who resides deep in the woods, and supposedly holds more information about the Bigfoot. Meanwhile, a hunter camping nearby is attacked and impaled by the Bigfoot on a jagged branch.

The next day, Nugent and his five companions visit the nearby town, where they glean from locals more information about Wanda: She is the daughter of a deranged preacher, Emmet McGinty, whose followers were rumored to engage in inbreeding, cannibalism, and human sacrifice. Emmet has since committed suicide. After learning of this, the group returns to the woods. That night, after the five have fallen asleep, they are awoken by the sound of chanting. Bill and Roy follow the sound, and stumble upon a Satanic sexual ritual involving Wanda around an effigy of Bigfoot; among the practitioners is a local sheriff. Bill interrupts the ritual by firing a gun, causing the cultists to scatter.

In the morning, Bill and the others find their boat missing, and large footprints left on the shore. After making plaster casts of the footprints, they push onward. That night, the Bigfoot attacks Linda and Gary while the two have sex, but they survive. The group eventually reach Wanda's cabin, bribing her with candy, but she has a nervous breakdown when the Bigfoot is mentioned. That night, Pete is attacked by the Bigfoot, who causes him to shoot himself with his rifle. The others attempt to locate Pete, but find he has disappeared.

Bill decides to hypnotize Wanda the next day, causing her to recall her abusive childhood: As a teenager, Wanda was brutally raped by the Bigfoot, an event Emmet had witnessed in horror. Convinced the beast was a demon, Emmet unsuccessfully attempted to induce an abortion by forcing Wanda to drink poison. Wanda eventually gave birth to the mutant half-human child, but Emmet killed it moments after its birth. In retaliation, Wanda burned her father alive in his barn, staging it to look like a suicide.

Hoping to find evidence of Wanda's Bigfoot child, Bill explores a cemetery nearby, where he digs up the skeletal remains of the infant Bigfoot. The Bigfoot appears in the cemetery, and absconds with its dead spawn as Bill and the others barricade themselves in Wanda's cabin. Hours later, the Bigfoot hangs Pete's mutilated body on the porch before breaking into the home. Ignoring a dissonantly calm Wanda, the Bigfoot strangles Carla to death as the others shut themselves in the kitchen. The Bigfoot breaks into the kitchen, where he disembowels Gary. Roy attempts to stop him, but the Bigfoot smashes his head through the window and cuts his throat on the glass, before impaling Linda with a pitchfork. Finally, the Bigfoot burns Bill's face on the hot stove, leaving him for dead.

Sometime later, Bill lies helplessly in a hospital bed, having been found unconscious in the woods, his face horribly burned. When detectives inquire about Carla and the four students, all of whom are missing, Bill recounts his version of events to them. Both the police and attending doctors receive his story with disbelief, and the hospital psychologist deems him criminally insane.

Filming
By cinematographer John Quick's recollection, the film's budget was approximately $70,000. Quick had worked with producer Jim L. Ball previously on a 1964 feature he had filmed while attending the University of Southern California entitled Fraternity of Horror.

Principal photography took place in 1979, with the exterior sequences being largely filmed in Valencia, California, near Six Flags Magic Mountain, as well as other undeveloped areas outside Los Angeles. Additional filming locations include at the Feedbin feed store in Malibu, as well as producer Jim L. Ball's private studio on La Brea Avenue, which is where the interior cabin sequences were filmed. The college campus featured in the beginning of the film is that of Immaculate Heart College.

Post-production
Following the film's completion, a small showing was held largely for cast and crew members, which led to a second screening at a local Los Angeles film festival. After the film performed poorly with audiences at the festival, producer Jim L. Ball shot numerous gore-filled sequences to insert into the film, retrofitting it in a way that each of the graphic murders are told through flashback, and serve as the anthropology students' impetus to capture the bigfoot. According to director James C. Wasson, he had no involvement in the filming of these scenes, and his original cut of the film was much more tame. The final sequence in which the bigfoot murders the remaining students in the cabin was filmed in a makeshift studio in producer Ball's garage in Los Angeles.

Censorship
Due its depiction of brutal violence, Night of the Demon was listed as a "video nasty" by the British Board of Film Classification. It remained banned in the United Kingdom until January 1994, when VIPCO resubmitted it to the BBFC, who agreed to pass it with an 18 certificate as long as one minute and forty-one seconds' worth of gore was deleted. Almost all of the violent scenes were trimmed, but the castration of the biker and the removal of a student's intestines (for use as a flail) were removed completely.

Critical response
Devon Bertsch of Digital Retribution wrote, "When the Bigfoot is off screen, it is admittedly hard to overlook the film's many, many flaws. Indeed everything that is not the Bigfoot is highly flawed, and even the Bigfoot himself looks pretty crap. The acting, script, FX and the often incongruous score are laughable, but add to the film's wacko charm." A 2½ out of 5 was given to the film by Justin Kerswell of Hysteria Lives!, who called it "undoubtedly the best of the worst of the early 80s backwoods slashers". Dread Central's Chris Haberman stated, "Is this a 'so-bad-it's-good' movie? No. This is one of those rare, largely forgotten films that was taken so seriously by its creators that it is difficult to imagine a large team of people reading the script, enjoying it, coming on-board, and putting in the time and energy to bring the terrible story to life. As such, this is an 'I-must-have-a-fever' movie, because most of what you'll see may feel like a hallucination" and "The film has plenty of problems, but I think the reason its supporters still stand beside this freakshow is that the film works hard to entertain. No matter how clumsy the dialogue and effects may be, these cats were trying to be taken seriously, and the result is too angry and depraved to be considered a lazy cash-in or mocking parody piece. The filmmakers' intention to make an earnestly mean and perverted film is undeniable, and that weird essence turns even the most absurdly executed set pieces into memorable mindfuckers".

Film scholar Scott Von Doviak wrote of the film's representation of violence: "It's a repugnant piece of work all around, yet Night of the Demon earns its place in motion picture history simply by getting more out of the phrase 'horribly mutilated' than any other movie ever made."

Rob Hunter of Film School Rejects wrote that the film "is played completely straight, but Night of the Demon is gloriously bonkers."

Home media
The film was released on VHS in the United States in 1983 by the Los Angeles-based home video company VCII, Inc., who reissued it in 1986. Gemstone Entertainment released another VHS edition in 1987. Vipco released the film on VHS in the United Kingdom on September 13, 1993, though, according to the British Board of Film Classification, cuts were made to the film for this release.

It was later released for the first time on DVD by Black Horse on November 1, 2004, and by Vidtape on November 30 that same year. Code Red released the film as a part of its Maria's "B" Movie Mayhem series on October 11, 2011. It was last released by Mr Fat-W Video on June 21, 2016.

On November 26, 2021, Severin Films released the film for the first time on Blu-ray, launching it as part of their annual Black Friday online sale. Additionally, Severin released a new novelization of the film by Brad Carter, as well as various limited memorabilia, including keychains, figurines, and a small number of bigfoot masks replicated from the mask used in the film.

title: Night of the Demon (1980 film)


text:
Amanpour

Amanpour (stylized as Amanpour.) is a global affairs interview television program hosted by British-Iranian journalist Christiane Amanpour, airing weeknights 6pm GMT/ 1pm ET & 7PM CET on CNN International.

The program is also aired on CNN Brazil from March 16, 2020, and CNN Philippines via tape-delay on an occasional basis since August 20, 2016, when Philippine affairs in terms of global context are tackled by the show. The program relaunched full-time on the channel in 2018.

Format
The weekday program has three segments. The first is called "The Brief", in which Amanpour tells a story from a different perspective, and often adds her personal experiences. The second segment is typically an interview with a high profile news maker or politician, while the final segment is called "Imagine a World", which is Amanpour's final thought on a topic that was not discussed on the show.

When Amanpour is reporting in the field, she anchors the entire program remotely.

Interviews
The show has featured a number of high-profile interviews, including Joko Widodo, Robert Mugabe, Jacob Zuma, Queen Rania of Jordan, Son of Hamas author Mosab Hassan Yousef, Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak, a rare joint interview with Sec. of State Hillary Clinton and Sec. of Defense Bob Gates, an unprecedented joint interview with the U.N. Ambassadors to India, Afghanistan and Pakistan, Mohamed ElBaradei, Hans Blix, NATO Secretary General Rasmussen, Gen. McChrystal, the first-ever joint interview with media power couple Tina Brown and Harold Evans, Gen. David Petraeus, and the then Vice President, now former President of Nigeria, Goodluck Jonathan.

History
Amanpour debuted on September 21, 2009 on CNN International. It airs weekdays on CNN International and Sundays on CNN/US. The show's first run ended in April 2010 after Amanpour departed CNN to host This Week on American network ABC.

Upon her return to the network in 2011, CNN International relaunched Amanpour. The series returned on April 16, 2012 and airs weekdays in the afternoon in North America and during primetime in Europe.

In November 2015, Amanpour. began airing on CNN in the US on weekdays.

On August 20, 2016, Amanpour was also aired on CNN Philippines via tape-delay as a dry-run, but was axed a week after premiering on the network's local programming for unknown reasons. It eventually returned on August 31, 2016, albeit the program would broadcast on an occasional basis when Philippine affairs that affect the global stage are featured. The program relaunched full-time by January 1, 2018, replacing timeslots formerly occupied by the local franchise's Global Newsroom and the early evening edition of Sports Desk (both were axed due to network reorganization); thus extending its coverage to other international issues which were formerly featured in the former.

On December 4, 2017, it was announced that Amanpour would re-air on PBS as an interim replacement for Charlie Rose, after allegations of sexual harassment against Rose led to his program's cancellation. The show on PBS was branded as Amanpour on PBS. On May 8, 2018, PBS confirmed that the show, retitled Amanpour & Company, would be the official replacement to Charlie Rose and the new show began airing on September 10, 2018.

Christiane Amanpour won Television Personality of the Year for the show in 2015 at the AIB Media Excellence Awards. She also won at the Gracie Awards in 2016 for best Talk Show - News.

On September 10, 2018, as part of a revamp of CNN International's European primetime line-up, Amanpour moved to the 19.00 CET/18.00 UK timeslot and expanded to be a one-hour show.

On March 16, 2020, the program started its daily broadcast on CNN Brazil, with Portuguese subtitles.

Reception
Amanpour has received generally positive reviews from television critics. Mattie Kahn of Elle wrote, "Charismatic and brilliant."

title: Amanpour


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ostensible

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Sjakkalle (Check!)  06:55, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Ostensible
Non-notable. I couldn't find a reference to this publication in Writer's Market or on Google. Checking the website listed here only led to a giant "O." Dvyost 12:16, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - nn CLW 12:44, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - the so called website is just an image. Completely nn Keresaspa 13:08, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete for lack of verifiability and significance. Friday (talk) 14:19, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete - totally non-notable.--Isotope23 21:22, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete- Non-notable.--Sean Jelly Baby? 23:10, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Tube frame

Tube frame may refer to:

 * Tube (structure), a structure designed to act like a three-dimensional hollow tube so to resist lateral loads
 * Space frame or space structure, a truss-like, lightweight rigid structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern
 * Superleggera, sometimes referred to as a tube-frame structure

title: Tube frame


text:
Talk:Games Workshop

Miniatures Games needs updating
The 'Miniatures games' section needs updating to the current list of current and out-of-print games. I would do it, but cannot provide references due to the GW pages being blocked where I am. 194.28.124.55 (talk) 02:58, 30 December 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 11:23, 9 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Games Workshop Logo.png

title: Talk:Games Workshop


text:
Career management

Career management is the combination of structured planning and the active management choice of one's own professional career. Career Management is an umbrella term that covers Career Planning & Career Development on an individual level or at an organizational level. Career management also covers talent management, as part of a talent retention strategy. Career management was first defined in a social work doctoral thesis by Mary Valentich as the implementation of a career strategy through the application of career tactics in relation to chosen career orientation (Valentich & Gripton, 1978). Career orientation referred to the overall design or pattern of one's career, shaped by particular goals and interests and identifiable by particular positions that embody these goals and interests. Career strategy pertains to the individual's general approach to the realization of career goals, and to the specificity of the goals themselves. Two general strategy approaches are adaptive and planned. Career tactics are actions to maintain oneself in a satisfactory employment situation. Tactics may be more or less assertive, with assertiveness in the work situation referring to actions taken to advance one's career interests or to exercise one's legitimate rights while respecting the rights of others.

Valentich and Gripton defined success as managing one's career effectively through the attainment of desired positions and other rewards. The outcome of successful career management should include personal fulfillment, work–life balance, goal achievement, and financial security.

A career includes all types of employment ranging from semi-skilled through to skilled, and semi-professional to professional. Careers have often been restricted to an employment commitment to a single trade skill, profession or business firm for the entire working life of a person. In recent years, however, a career now includes changes or modifications in employment during the foreseeable future.

The following classification system with minor variations is widely used:

 * 1) Development of overall goals and objectives,
 * 2) Development of a strategy (a general means to accomplish the selected goals/objectives),
 * 3) Development of the specific means (policies, rules, procedures and activities) to implement the strategy, and
 * 4) Systematic evaluation of the progress toward the achievement of the selected goals/objectives to modify the strategy, if necessary.

Goals or objectives development
The career management process begins with setting goals/objectives. A relatively specific goal/objective must be formulated. This task may be quite difficult when the individual lacks knowledge of career opportunities and/or is not fully aware of their talents and abilities. However, the entire career management process is based on the establishment of defined goals/objectives whether specific or general in nature. Utilizing career assessments may be a critical step in identifying opportunities and career paths that most resonate with someone. Career assessments can range from quick and informal to more in-depth. Regardless of the ones you use, you will need to evaluate them. Most assessments found today for free (although good) do not offer an in-depth evaluation.

The time horizon for the achievement of the selected goals or objectives - short term, medium-term or long term - will have a major influence on their formulation.

 * 1) Short-term goals (one or two years) are usually specific and limited in scope.  Short-term goals are easier to formulate. Make sure they are achievable and relate to your longer term career goals.
 * 2) Intermediate goals (3 to 20 years) tend to be less specific and more open ended than short-term goals. Both intermediate and long-term goals are more difficult to formulate than short-term goals because there are so many unknowns about the future.
 * 3) Long-term goals (Over 20 years), of course, are the most fluid of all.  Lack of life experience and knowledge about potential opportunities and pitfalls make the formulation of long-term goals/objectives very difficult. Long-range goals/objectives, however, may be easily modified as additional information is received without a great loss of career efforts because of experience/knowledge transfer from one career to another.
 * 4) Making career choices and decisions – the traditional focus of career interventions. The changed nature of work means that individuals may have to revisit this process more frequently now than in the past.
 * 5) Managing the organizational career – concerns the career management tasks of individuals within the workplace, such as decision-making, life-stage transitions, dealing with stress etc.
 * 6) Managing 'boundaryless' careers – refers to skills needed by workers whose employment is beyond the boundaries of a single organization, a workstyle common among, for example, artists and designers.
 * 7) Taking control of one's personal development – as employers take less responsibility, employees need to take control of their own development in order to maintain and enhance their employability.

Other elements include:
 * Career change

Career planning
Career planning is a subset of career management. Career planning applies the concepts of Strategic planning and Marketing to taking charge of one's professional future. Career is an ongoing process and so it needs to be assessed on continuous basis. This process of re-assessing individual learning and development over a period of time is called Career Planning. According to Mondy and Noe - " Career planning is an ongoing process whereby an individual sets career goals and identifies the means to achieve them."

Process of career planning
Career planning is the continuous process of:

 * thinking about your interests, values, skills and preferences;
 * exploring the life, work and learning options available to you;
 * ensuring that your work fits with your personal circumstances; and
 * continuously fine-tuning your work and learning plans to help you manage the changes in your life and the world of work.

title: Career management


text:
Rick LaFerriere

Richard Jacques LaFerrière (born January 3, 1961) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. His only NHL appearance came on February 23, 1982 when he was called in to relieve Chico Resch of goaltending duties at start of the third period in a game against the Detroit Red Wings.

LaFerrière was member of the Tulsa Oilers (CHL) team that suspended operations on February 16, 1984, playing only road games for final six weeks of 1983-84 season. Despite this adversity, the team went on to win the league's championship.

After retiring from professional hockey, he went into the real estate business, and joined Chay Realty RE/MAX office in Barrie, Ontario.

Playing career
LaFerrière was born in Hawkesbury, Ontario. LaFerrière played four seasons (1978–1981) in the Ontario Hockey League with the Peterborough Petes and the Brantford Alexanders. LaFerrière was drafted in the fourth round, 64th overall, of the 1980 NHL Entry Draft by the Colorado Rockies.

LaFerrière began his professional career in the CHL with the Fort Worth Texans, gaining 8 wins in 37 games played during the 1981-82 season. He played in one NHL game during the 1981–82 NHL season. He played two seasons in the IHL with the Muskegon Mohawks, before concluding his playing career in the CHL with the Tulsa Oilers who he joined at the end of the 1983-84 season.

In the 1983-84 playoffs, LaFerrière played in one game, supporting his team's win of the CHL Championship and the Adams Cup.

Honours and awards

 * 1979 Memorial Cup (Peterborough)
 * 1979-80 OMJHL All-Star Second Team
 * 1979-80 OMJHL Goals-Against Average Leader (3.27 GAA)
 * 1979-80 OMJHL Dave Pinkney Trophy (Lowest Team GAA) (co-winner with Terry Wright)
 * 1980 World Junior Championships (fifth place)
 * 1980 Memorial Cup (Peterborough)
 * 1980 Memorial Cup Wins Leader (3 wins)
 * 1980 Hap Emms Memorial Trophy (Outstanding Goalie)
 * 1980 Memorial Cup All-Star First Team
 * 1984 CHL Championship (Adams Cup) as a member of the Tulsa Oilers team coached by Tom Webster.

title: Rick LaFerriere


text:
Talk:FREMM multipurpose frigate

Greece orders FDI frigates instead of FREMM
Greece ordered three FDI HN frigates from France. The export version of the FDI is called Belharra by the Naval Group (used to be DCNS) --Germsteel (talk) 00:31, 5 March 2023 (UTC)

FREMM dimensions
The French Navy website has the Fremm listed as "Length - 140m", "Width - 20m", "Displacement - 5000 tons" Where did the different stats come from?

 * From the DCN . Rama 12:54, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

I am guessing that the document on the French Navy website was outdated. --Ken Johnson 01:25, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

I have fixed the datas on the first French order, they said 6 frigates were ordered with 7 listed. I corrected to 8 frigates ordered and updated the list with the missing one (the Auvergne, between the Bretagne and the Languedoc). Here is the source for the datas: http://www.meretmarine.com/bateauclasse.cfm?classeid=30

The greek shipyard in Eleusis will take part in the project.The greek navy has a programme for building six new frigates.Nlkrio 04:48, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

PA2 = less FREMM?
I don't know if it's worth mentionning but some elements of the french press believe that the navy won't have the ressources to buy it's full alotment of FREMMs if the country decides to procede with PA2. Some have said as few as 10 FREMMs/FREDA could be bought to afford the carrier (imho thats an unlikely figure, if there are to be cuts it might be the second batch of 4 or the last batch of 5). Anyway, time will tell... Daft, 17:47, 1 November 2007

Greece never ordered or announced to buy any FREMM
Greece never ordered any FREMM ! defencenet.gr is not a reliable source.There is also no negotiations about it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.245.168.156 (talk) 03:17, 27 August 2011 (UTC)

Actually, the Greeks were negotiating with DCNS about procuring six multi-purpose frigates, two outright plus an option to get the other four in 2009, the deal fell through during the Greek financial crisis. --97.92.13.211 (talk) 17:18, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:FREMM multipurpose frigate


text:
Roland Lafleur

Joseph Pierre Raoul "Roland" Lafleur (March 21, 1899 –– November 26, 1968) was a Canadian ice hockey forward. He played one game in the National Hockey League for the Montreal Canadiens during the 1924–25 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1917 to 1931, was mainly spent in the Ottawa City Hockey League.

Playing career
Lafleur appeared in one game in the National Hockey League during the 1924–25 season with the Montreal Canadiens, on November 29, 1924, against the Toronto St. Pats. The majority of his career was spent playing in the Ottawa City Hockey League in Ottawa.

title: Roland Lafleur


text:
User:Saltmarsh

Sandbox — sandbox — Sandbox2 — articles

Joined Wikipedia 31-Aug-2005, more often found as Saltmarsh on Wiktionary

Created articles

 * 28-Mar-17 William Ogle
 * 26-Dec-15 Garchey
 * 04-Jul-14 Geoffrey Warnes
 * 19-Apr-13 Henri Gonay
 * 19-Apr-13 Bernard Howlett
 * 15-Aug-12 Flying Squadron (1869)
 * 24-Jan-12 66 Old Church Street, Chelsea
 * 16-Sep-11 Gibbard
 * 13-Jul-09 Glossary of RAF code names
 * 12-Jul-09 No. 137 Squadron RAF
 * 10-Dec-07 Pirani Gauge
 * 14-Sep-07 Emmanuel Kriaras (Εμμανουήλ Κριαράς)
 * 16-Jan-07 Richard Boston
 * 09-Oct-06 Public analyst
 * 07-Oct-06 Fellowship of the Bellows
 * 06-Oct-06 Prins Bernhard Cultuurfonds
 * 28-Sep-06 No. 263 Squadron RAF
 * 24-Sep-06 Dair Farrar-Hockley
 * 20-Sep-06 Anvil Press Poetry

 * 19-Sep-06 George Pavlopoulos (Γιώργης Παυλόπουλος)
 * 15-Sep-06 Mantinada
 * 11-Sep-06 Conington prize
 * 06-Sep-06 Humfry Payne
 * 28-Aug-06 St Enodoc's Church, Trebetherick
 * 28-Aug-06 Bullock Report (A Language for Life)
 * 31-Jan-06 Kevin Andrews (writer)
 * 31-Jan-06 American School of Classical Studies at Athens
 * 26-Nov-05 Charles Close
 * 02-Nov-05 Architects' Journal
 * 02-Nov-05 Architectural Review
 * 22-Oct-05 Summoned by Bells
 * 03-Oct-05 Henry Doubleday (1810–1902)
 * 05-Sep-05 United Kingdom Warning and Monitoring Organisation
 * 01-Sep-05 Association of Scientific Workers
 * 01-Sep-05 Clive Jenkins
 * 01-Sep-05 Association of Scientific, Technical and Managerial Staffs

Contributor

 * 14-May-13 Muriel Turner, Baroness Turner of Camden
 * 14-Sep-06 John Pendlebury
 * 29-Aug-06 Churches in Colchester
 * 1-Jul-06 Peter Levi
 * 19-Oct-05 Tony Harrison

 * 13-Oct-05 John Seymour (author)
 * 01-Oct-05 Henry Doubleday (1808–1875)
 * 04-Sep-05 Royal Observer Corps
 * 15-Aug-12 HMS Pearl (1855)

title: User:Saltmarsh


text:
User:Albedo

 * uk:Користувач:Albedo

My home talk is [User:Albedo].

be:Удзельнік:Albedo bg:Потребител:Albedo cs:Wikipedista:Albedo de:Benutzer:Albedo:uk es:Usuario:Albedo fr:Utilisateur:Albedo hr:Suradnik:Albedo it:Utente:Albedo lv:Lietotājs:Albedo hu:User:Albedo mk:Корисник:Albedo nl:Gebruiker:Albedo ja:利用者:Albedo pl:Wikipedysta:Albedo pt:Usuário:Albedo ro:Utilizator:Albedo ru:Участник:Albedo sk:Redaktor:Albedo sr:Корисник:Albedo sv:Användare:Albedo tr:Kullanıcı:Albedo:uk uk:Користувач:Albedo/Моя домашня сторінка

title: User:Albedo


text:
Rob Laird

Rob Laird may refer to:

 * Rob Laird (ice hockey) (born 1954), ice hockey player
 * Rob Laird (Drive), a character in Drive

title: Rob Laird


text:
Talk:Opet Festival

Untitled
I'm wondering if we could get some disambiguation page from Opet, the Turkish Oil Fuel Company. --Naisenu 17:32, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 02:07, 19 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Karnak Temples.jpg

Confused Chrolonology
The section entitled "The Archaeology of Thebes..." contains these sentences: "The Karnak (Temple of Amun)[6] and Luxor Temples were the archaeological centrepiece of Thebes, being constructed on “the eastern bank of the Nile” (Escolano-Poveda, 2019) in 2055 BC by Ramesses III and between 1390-1352 BC by Amenhotep III respectively. Karnak was further expanded by Thutmose I early in the New Kingdom, measuring nearly two square miles." The Middle Kingdom date given does not correspond to Ramesses III, who is from the New Kingdom. Thutmose also precedes Amenhotep III. These sentences are a chronological mess. The temples in the ancient past would not have been seen as an archaeological centerpiece, so that phrase might look better with a verb in the present tense. Also, the location on the "eastern bank of the Nile" is easily verifiable. Is a source required? I propose an edit, but did not undertake it myself. Lucretius6 (talk) 01:59, 4 September 2020 (UTC)Lucretius6

Pharaoh's role
In the section on the pharaoh's role is this statement: "The Pharaoh’s religious role was reinforced through the Opet festival, as it re-affirmed their role as “The first prophet of Amun-Re, king of the gods”, the holiest title in Egypt." I suggest this be edited, because the phrasing suggests that Pharaoah was also the First Prophet of Amun, but in almost all cases, her (or she) was not. It is true that the paper cited in this section has statements about oracular sessions during Opet which involved Pinedjem, who later went on to proclaim himself Pharaoh of Upper Egypt. But this was an atypical case, (and even then he seems to have relinquished his religious office to his sons), and I don't think it should be used to justify a much broader (and very misleading) claim about a person simultaneously holding both the offices of the monarch and the high priest. Catalyst418 (talk) 01:41, 1 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Opet Festival


text:
Tyler Larter

Tyler Larter (born March 12, 1968) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He played one game in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Washington Capitals during the 1989–90 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1988 to 1994, was spent in the minor leagues and then in Europe. Larter's one NHL game was on February 2, 1990 against the New York Islanders. He failed to register a point and went -1 in the game, taking two shots on goal. He was born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island.

title: Tyler Larter


text:
James Latos

James "Jim" Latos (born January 4, 1966) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and coach. He played one game in the National Hockey League with the New York Rangers during the 1988–89 season, on March 1, 1989 against the Toronto Maple Leafs. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1987 to 1997 was spent in the minor leagues. After his playing career, Latos became a coach, and spent two seasons from 2001 to 2003 coaching the Wichita Thunder of the Central Hockey League.

title: James Latos


text:
Talk:Opet Festival/to do

* Reference (i.e. new category?) other Ancient Egyptian festivals done —-- That Guy, From That Show!  (talk) 2006-02-22 04:44Z
 * Expand article
 * Check references

title: Talk:Opet Festival/to do


text:
User talk:Hough

Welcome!

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Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. --MJ( ☎ 12:22, 4 October 2005 (UTC).

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Jo Thoenes, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. This article appears to be a direct copy from http://www.foxfm.co.uk/Article.asp?id=13607. As a copyright violation, Jo Thoenes appears to qualify for speedy deletion under the speedy deletion criteria. Jo Thoenes has been tagged for deletion, and may have been deleted by the time you see this message. If the source is a credible one, please consider rewriting the content and citing the source. If you believe that the article is not a copyright violation, or if you have permission from the copyright holder to release the content freely under the GFDL, you can comment to that effect on Talk:Jo Thoenes. If the article has already been deleted, but you have a proper release, you can reenter the content at Jo Thoenes, after describing the release on the talk page. However, you may want to consider rewriting the content in your own words. Thank you, and please feel free to continue contributing to Wikipedia. -- MJ( ☎ 12:50, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Blocked for vandalism
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title: User talk:Hough