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Jason Calacanis

Jason McCabe Calacanis (born November 28, 1970) is an American Internet entrepreneur, angel investor, author and podcaster.

His first company was part of the dot-com era in New York. His second venture, Weblogs, Inc., a publishing company that he co-founded together with Brian Alvey, capitalized on the growth of blogs before being sold to AOL. Calacanis is also an angel investor in various technology startups and co-host of the All-In podcast alongside David Sacks, Chamath Palihapitiya and David Friedberg, and the host of This Week in Startups Podcast.

Early life
Calacanis was born in the Bay Ridge section of Brooklyn, New York, and has two brothers. He graduated from Xaverian High School in 1988 and attended Fordham University, where he received a B.A. in psychology.

Career
Calacanis started his career in the 1990s as a reporter covering the internet industry in New York.

Calacanis was the founder and CEO of Rising Tide Studios, a media company that published print and online publications. During the dot-com boom, Calacanis was active in New York's Silicon Alley community, and in 1996 began producing the Silicon Alley Reporter. Originally a 16-page photocopied newsletter, it eventually expanded into a 300-page magazine, with a sister publication called the Digital Coast Reporter for the West Coast. Calacanis' socializing earned him a nickname as the "yearbook editor" of the Silicon Alley community. The company also organized conferences in New York, Los Angeles, and San Francisco focused on the Internet, web, and New Media.

Calacanis co-founded the blog network Weblogs, Inc. with Brian Alvey on September 24, 2003, and the startup was supported by an angel investment from Mark Cuban.

Two years after its inception, the Weblogs, Inc. blogs business was generating $1,000 a day just from AdSense. Time Warner's America Online agreed to buy Weblogs, Inc. in October 2005 for $25–30 million.

On November 16, 2006, TechCrunch reported that Calacanis had resigned from his position as CEO of Weblogs, Inc. and general manager of Netscape. Calacanis later confirmed this on his blog and the Gillmor Gang podcast.

Calacanis joined Sequoia Capital, a venture capital firm, as an EIA (entrepreneur in action) in December, 2006, a position which he held until May, 2007. Through this program, Calacanis invested $25K in Travis Kalanick's company, Uber. The deal is now worth about $100 million.

In 2007, Calacanis started an internet trend he called "fatblogging" after being fed up with being overweight. Fatblogging is when a person loses weight by exercising and then posting their weight afterwards onto their blog for encouragement and support from commenters and other fatbloggers.

He launched the web directory Mahalo ("thank you" in Hawaiian), which raised $20 million in venture capital from investors including Sequoia Capital, News Corp, CBS, Mark Cuban, and Elon Musk. The company hit a peak of 15 million unique visitors a month and achieved profitability in 2011, but suffered a sharp decline in traffic that year from the Google Panda search algorithm update and shut down in 2014.

Calacanis founded ThisWeekIn.com, which shut down in 2012 but is live again and available as a weekly podcast.

This Week in Startups (also called TWiSt) is a show hosted by Calacanis and co-hosted by Molly Wood. Molly left the podcast in 2023 for unnamed reasons.

He also founded a startup Inside.com which focuses on delivering thematic newsletters. The company raised $2.6 million.

In June 2019, Calacanis partnered with the NSW Government to create the Sydney Launch Festival for startups to give their pitches to global audiences.

Soon after his friend Elon Musk acquired Twitter in 2022, pushed out Twitter’s top execs, and eliminated its board of directors, Calacanis helped run Twitter along with David Sacks.

Angel investing
In 2009, Calacanis founded the Open Angel Forum, an event that connects early-stage startups with angel investors. The forum was the culmination of a series of public comments by Calacanis questioning the ethics of pay-to-pitch angel forums. Calacanis believes startups shouldn't have to pay to pitch angel investors, calling out fees that can range from $1,000 to $8,000 for a single 10- or 15-minute presentation. Calacanis is an angel investor in Robinhood, Wealthfront, Uber, Desktop Metal, Datastax, Thumbtack, Superhuman and Trello.

Calacanis raised a $10 million fund for his own venture investment firm to invest in startups that emerged from the Launch conference. Limited partners in the fund include David Sacks. Following the success of the Launch conference, Calacanis declared his intent to get closer and more involved in the new ventures that emerged from that conference. The level of investment was around $25,000 to $100,000 in five to 10 startups per year.

In 2016, Calacanis was banned from attending Y Combinator's Demo Day. According to a post on Hacker News by then-president of Y Combinator Sam Altman, the decision to exclude Calacanis was driven by feedback received from YC founders regarding their interactions with him.

Calacanis publicly announced in 2018 that he had sold all of his Facebook stock, expressing sharp criticism of company CEO and co-founder Mark Zuckerberg on the Too Embarrassed to Ask podcast. He called Zuckerberg "completely immoral" in how he runs the business and said, "No founder should ever sell a company to him."

Calacanis authored a book titled "Angel: How to Invest in Technology Startups—Timeless Advice from an Angel Investor Who Turned $100,000 into $100,000,000" on angel investing published by HarperCollins in 2017.

In 2018, Calacanis invested in Calm, a meditation app that is valued at $1 billion.

This Week in Startups
This Week in Startups is a weekly podcast created and hosted by American internet entrepreneur and angel investor Jason Calacanis. The Wall Street Journal contributor Cecilie Rohwedder described the podcast as "an influential Web series filmed in the U.S."

History
Plans for the podcast were announced on March 16, 2009, through a blog post. The 60-minute program premiered on May 1, 2009, featuring Brian Alvey, CEO and founder of the content management and hosting system Crowd Fusion, as its first guest. The show is one of the longest running podcasts on the topic of startups and angel investing.

Reception
This Week in Startups was listed in an article at Fortune.com titled "The Ultimate Guide to the Best Business Podcasts".

All-In
As of 2022, Calacanis is co-host of the All-In podcast, alongside Chamath Palihapitiya, David O. Sacks, and David Friedberg. In May 2022, the All-In Podcast team hosted their first All-In Summit in Miami, where leaders in business and tech attended to discuss the central theme of "What problem do you want to solve right now?"

Personal life
Calacanis married Jade Li sometime between 2006 and 2009.

Calacanis was listed in Jeffrey Epstein's address book.

Calacanis was an early supporter and founder for the effort behind the successful recall election of the San Francisco District Attorney Chesa Boudin in 2022.

Publications

 * Jason Calacanis, Angel: How to Invest in Technology Startups, Harper Business, 2017 ISBN 9780062560704

title: Jason Calacanis


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Talk:Mea culpa

Understanding
I'm having trouble understanding the "Popular meaning". "Mea culpa" in Latin means "my fault", but in popular English usage it means the opposite? For these reasons, I've deleted the entire paragraph.--Spudtater 02:29, 15 February 2006 (UTC)
 * The first paragraph in that section means it's an acknowledgment of a personal error or fault (according to this). The second paragraph may be confusing though, in my opinion. --Andylkl (talk) 06:57, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I wrote the first (and for some time, the only) paragraph in that section. Some time later, the anon user  added the second part.  I never quite got what exactly he meant though.  It would seem that (s)he was trying to describe a very trivial experience in work-related environments.  As you can see, this IP address has only two edits (this one being one of them) to its credit.  We could resolve this: can anyone corroborate this application to the expression "mea culpa"?  If not, we can remove that second paragraph.  Regards, Redux 14:04, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, seeing that there were some problems with the phrasing of that second paragraph, I've cleared it up. Now, with this new wording (to some extent), it seems that the meaning of it is also clearer.  Maybe I'm "contaminated" because I'm the one who rewrote it, but it appears that the paragraph makes sense now, since the message is (I believe) clear to understand and it is logical.  It would seem that we can keep the entry, after all.  Regards, Redux 20:07, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * This still isn't making much sense to me. Yes, the nature of guilt is such that admitting it invites others to admit their own, but putting it specifically in an article on 'mea culpa' seems tangential, at best. And if anything, using the phrase "mea culpa" in an admission of guilt lessens, not improves, the chances that somebody else might take the blame on themselves (IMHO, of course). As for the phrase "cited in someone else's 'mea culpa'", that makes even less sense. How can you blame somebody else in your mea culpa, without completely reversing what "mea culpa" is supposed to mean?
 * I agree. I didn't delete it myself because I wasn't sure if the situation explained by the anon who added the paragraph consisted in a real application of the term "mea culpa".  Since people were complaining that it was poorly written, I attempted to clarify the wording.  But the whole situation was never really clear to me; it did seem a little farfetched.  Redux 18:06, 15 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I have two comments. First, I think the sarcasm that is in the modern use of the term needs to be included. Usually, AFAIK, mea culpa refers to a ceremonial admission of guilt without actual repentance. Whether that comes from the bitter American view of Catholicism might also be a point to be discussed. (No, I am not a Catholic, but it irks me that being anti-Catholic is basically the only PC and publicly practiced religious hatred in America.) Second, I don't know enough Latin to be sure, but I think the Latin version has a capitalization mistake. Shouldn't "Pater" always be capitalized? 75.3.232.247 (talk) 22:29, 9 January 2009 (UTC)

admition
"This is done to emphasize the admition of one's own sinful nature." admition = admission (i.e. typo?). —preceding unsigned comment by 155.202.255.82 (talk • contribs) 16:06, November 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, it was. Mea culpa.  I've fixed it.  Typos are actually quite common on Wikipedia.  We usually just go ahead and fix them as we spot them.  Thanks for bringing this one to attention, it had been there for quite a while, unnoticed.  Regards, Redux 01:42, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

Shorter version
I added the shorter version, as I got redirected from "Confiteor" to "Mea Culpa". For as long as I can remember, we've only said the shorter version. I don't know when that became popular though. Does anyone older (as I'm fairly young) know when it got switched? Did it occur at Vatican II? I think all relevant history behind the switching of versions should be cited, if it can be found. Thanks! --Ecurran 05:32, 14 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Good, but can we verify that this short version is popular in all of the English speaking countries, or maybe just the US/UK, etc.? That kind of thing should be specified if it's the case.  A good place to research the evolution of Catholic prayers is www.christusrex.org.  The website is fairly large though.  It may take some browsing.  Regards, Redux 11:55, 14 February 2006 (UTC)
 * It does begin with Vatican II. There has been recent movement to lengthen the "mea culpa" section back to a more literal translation of the Latin text (which was also shortened as part of the Novus Ordo mass). Donald Hosek 19:15, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

Edit
The ritual that accompanies the prayer does not really shed any light as to the meaning of the phrase: Mea culpa. I've removed that.

There is a Confiteor page, perhaps that should be linked to instead of being reproduced here. Awatson945 23:57, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi. I have moved your comment to the bottom of the page.  Please notice that newer comments always go at the bottom. As for your comment, actually no.  The reproduction of the Confiteor on this page serves as an important illustration of the origin of the term.  We would only consider removing content from an article in a situation such as this one if the article happened to be overly long and needed to be shortened.  Since that is not the case here, we have no need to remove content from this article. On a side note, the Confiteor article was created after this one, as a redirect here; then someone decided to make it into a separate article on the prayer.  If anything, I would say that the only reason why the Confiteor article is not completely redundant with this one is because it adds the revised form of the prayer, which is not on this article.  If not for that, it would be, as it stands, a clear candidate for a complete rewrite or, failing that, deletion. Redux 15:27, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much. I made so many edits to my notes and kept changing my mind as to what I believed was significant and what was not significant that I wish I had thought more about the issue before making any changes at all. I will be more careful in the future I promise. My point, IIRC, was as to the shortened version which is actually part of this article. It's my opinion that the shortened version of the confetitor is redundant and does not shed any light on the origin of the word. It seems to me to serve to advocate a POV rather than shed light on the term. Clearly the history is crucial and the text of the prayer in both Latin and English important. I just don't see the point of the smaller version.Again, thanks. Awatson945 18:31, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, I agree that the shortened version is unnecessary in this article. In addition, I have just revised the Confiteor article and found that it is there as well.  And since we are going to have a separate article on the Confiteor, we might as well concentrate the variations of the prayer (and any critical commentary on them) in it.  Originally, I had inserted only the full prayer in Latin and the translation into English.  Then, someone added the shortened version.  I believe at the time we didn't have the article on the Confiteor, so we let that stand here.  Since the circumstances have changed, I have now removed the shortened version.  Thanks for bringing that up.  Redux 14:50, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, I agree with you. This has really been an educational experience for me. Thanks again. Awatson945 00:25, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

removing trivia section
If no one opposes, i'm going to remove the trivia section in this article. in addition to trivia sections generally being against wikipedia articles, this one seems to be nothing more than a list of shows, albums, songs, movies etc which use the phrase "mea culpa". that's really uninteresting since it's just a normal phrase, and is of no encyclopedic value in my opinion. Usually I like trivia sections because they contain some interesting information, but this one is just a list of album names... Hugzz 02:19, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Done! I'm still open to hear people opposing the decision though. Hugzz 01:59, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

"is used on the first page of the 5th chapter"
And this information belongs in an encyclopedia for exactly what reason? Of course a common phrase appears in literature. Do we really have to enumerate all the places we might find? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.119.130.132 (talk) 16:11, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

Mea Culpa by Farhan Noorani
I understand that the only similarity that this book has with the actual phrase is the title. Since the book is now listed in the disambiguation page for Mea Culpa, I don't see why we need it here. 75.170.82.115 (talk) 00:19, 29 April 2010 (UTC)

translation
Isn't the translation at the beginning wrong? I'd always assumed that "mea culpa" is ablative (with long a's at the ends of both words), which could translate as "through my fault." This corresponds exactly with its usage; the nominative "my fault," with short a's, does not. GeckoFeet (talk) 01:01, 2 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I think you're right. See mea culpa. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 10:59, 2 June 2012 (UTC)

Ablative
It's not in the ablative: https://books.google.cz/books?id=OXp_kSDK_1kC&pg=PT222&lpg=PT222&dq=mea+culpa+ablative+nominative&source=bl&ots=XA54vajwBj&sig=jy7srZf9WfXv5x3bx7ScS0ZC32A&hl=cs&sa=X&ei=bDOYVJfRPIrMygOciIHICA&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=mea%20culpa%20ablative%20nominative&f=false

--2A00:1028:83D4:436:D1EE:D2A0:8B98:6944 (talk) 15:11, 22 December 2014 (UTC)
 * The article refers to ICEL2010 and other sources. You are welcome to add Anscar Chupungco's dissenting opinion (which is a bit odd as he seems to have been involved in its formulation) to the article. But it's clearly not the official tanslation which is given earlier in the same book on page 187 and I'm going to revert to that version. You might also consider that the same reading is shown in the Wikipedia articles in Italian, German, Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese.
 * For the record: the link above refers to:
 * -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 00:31, 23 December 2014 (UTC)
 * -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 00:31, 23 December 2014 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Mea culpa


text: File:LBC Commitment.jpg

title: File:LBC Commitment.jpg


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User talk:Ferny grove

Well ferny grve is located in the west of brisbane near ferny hills and is situated on the Ferny Grove trin line, whoich use to continue out to samford but the silly train driver had an accident and many were hurt so the government had to close down the line for safety reasons. Now every one has to walk and catch one of the two buses that run out to samford, which is close by. We have many shops and house which make life easy to live as all facilities are so close.

title: User talk:Ferny grove


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/How to make a PBJ

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was delete. Additionally, this was already on BJAODN last time i looked. --Phroziac(talk) 00:12, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

How to make a PBJ
Don't know if this is a joke (the text gets pretty sarcastic), or just a confused new user. Either way, there has to be something to do with this. Delete. Tzaquiel 04:34, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP it's way better than any other recipe that I've seen on Wikipedia so far. The last line is a bit point of view and it should explain what to do if some of the ingredients are not available. What about if you don't like peanut butter or you don't like jam. I'm kidding send it to Bad Jokes and Other Deleted Nonsense. CambridgeBayWeather 04:58, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, wikipedia is not a how to guide. Try a transwiki to wikibooks. --Apyule 05:17, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * BJAODN. Although it definately does not deserve an article, it does seem like a mild waste to just delete it... -Nameneko 05:56, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I just put this page on BJAODN. Now that's BJAODN with a big "D".   [  +t,  +c ,  +m  ] 06:31, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, though I am eating a peanut butter and jelly sammich with crunched up potato chips in it right now. Go figure ;-).  >:  Roby Wayne  Talk •  Hist 06:40, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete The fact that someone spent time writing this makes me not feel so bad about how much time I spend patrolling recent changes. DJ Clayworth 17:03, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, bad joke. --> BJAODN, possibly Uncyclopedia might want it? -- Karada 17:33, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * KEEP, Ok, so its not a wonderfully creative recipe, but does describe a process that is relevent to modern people who, in all seriousness, might not know how to make a PBJ correctly their first time ( or open a jar of Jam ). Besides a little semi-serious levity couldn't be that bad. --pvanbloe 10:54, 29 September 2005
 * BJAODN - the home of semi-serious levity. -- BD2412 talk 20:45, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, ROFL at the idea of Uncyclopedia taking our unwanted articles, much as the Salvation Army would take our unwanted clothes Paul 00:33, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as this is supposed to be an encyclopedia, not a how-to guide. Еdit 02:21, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * BJAODN Have a sense of humor... :) Roodog2k (talk) 21:52, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * bjaodn this it is pretty funny but can this be transwiki added to wikibooks too Yuckfoo 19:14, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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User talk:Dominik 12

Welcome, Dominik 12!
Hello Dominik 12, welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like it here and stick around. If you want, you can drop us a note at New user log to introduce yourself.

Before you start doing a lot of editing, you might want to take the Tutorial. It gives a lot of basic info you'll want to get you oriented on Wikipedia.

Here're some handy links:
 * How to edit a page gives editing help.
 * Manual of Style gives formatting info.
 * Policies and guidelines tell about the principles we operate on. It's important, but don't try to read it all now.
 * Help covers a broad range of useful topics.
 * Help desk is a good place to ask questions.
 * Show preview explains how to double-check your edits before saving, which is often an important feature.

Remember to sign your name on talk pages by typing " ~~~ " for your username and " ~~~~ " for your username and a timestamp (which is mostly preferred).

Feel free to drop me a question on my talk page. I'll answer if I'm here.

Take care, --Blackcap | talk 04:36, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dominik 12


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jornbarger

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination). No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was speedy deleted as on attack page about Jorn Barger. - Mgm|(talk) 09:13, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Jornbarger
Delete. Nonsense. --Salleman 04:37, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * CSD under A7. I will list it at CSD. --Apyule 04:54, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * A7 applies only to people, not to mythological critters. --Blackcap | talk 04:56, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, but I think that this is about a real person. Even though he claims to be a mythical creature, the rest of the article and the results of a web search strongly suggest that he is just anouther nn blogger. --Apyule 05:30, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as hoax and load of tripe. --Blackcap | talk 04:56, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. It looks like someone is making a mockery of Jorn Barger.  Еdit 05:31, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete, per Apyule. >: Roby Wayne  Talk •  Hist 06:45, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Talk:Angela Lansbury

RfC on Sentence in Opening Paragraph
Question: Should the article retain or remove the following sentence from the opening paragraph of the lead? Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:35, 24 October 2023 (UTC)

"Although based for much of her life in the United States, her work attracted international attention."

Responses

 * Retain. This wording was included as part of the FAC procedure that led to the article becoming a Featured Article in February 2023. It succinctly explains that Lansbury was based for much of her career in the United States, which is otherwise not obvious given that she is described as an "Irish-British" actor in the opening sentence. At the same time, this sentence highlights that her work gained international attention, which is not the case for all actors based in the United States. I would be open to possible alteration of the sentence, but would oppose its wholesale removal. Midnightblueowl (talk) 20:35, 24 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Remove. If not, then Restructure at least.
 * The sentence is hollow and vague, just basic fluff that looks good but means little. And "based for much of" could be worded better, like "Although predominantly established in the United States, her work attained international acclaim." With that wording, it adds more emphasis to the success, and carries more weight. How does that sound to you, ~? --Cinemaniac86Dane_Cook_Hater_Extraordinaire 00:45, 25 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Remove. The sentence is extraneous and could apply to a multitude of actors. It feels like filler a high school student would use for a word count. The "attracted international attention", would apply to most Hollywood actors. It's just completely unnecessary. Restructuring the phrasing doesn't make up for the pointlessness of the sentence. The One I Left (talk) 01:51, 25 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Restructure as suggested by Mbo below, or Retain  what seems worthy of mention is that most of her professional life was in the US - this is not obvious at present due to the complicated 'citizenry'. How best to accomplish this I'm not sure, but it's possible that the most efficient way is already there. Pincrete (talk) 06:03, 25 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Preferably remove—at least reword. I agree with previous editors that the information seems unnecessary and does in fact apply to many actors born outside the United States. Therefore it's not something that is notable specifically for Lansbury. If it is retained, then it ought to be reworded. It reads rather awkwardly. I'm fine with the suggested rewording by the editor who hates Dane Cook. pillow crow 17:29, 25 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Proposal for restructuring. I think the most important fact to retain is the initial part of the sentence, that Lansbury's career was largely based in the United States. However, it would be possible to integrate that fact into the sentence that precedes it in the lead. Thus, we could amend said sentence so that it reads: "In a career spanning eighty years, most of it based in the United States, she played various roles across film, stage, and television." Would that alternative gain broad support? Midnightblueowl (talk) 15:53, 26 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Dame Angela Brigid Lansbury DBE (October 16, 1925 – October 11, 2022) was an Irish-British and American actress and singer. In a career spanning eight decades, predominantly based in the United States, she played various roles across film, stage, and television.
 * ^Just wanted to copy and paste the opening paragraph, to see how it would look. The interweaving works for me,, but phrasing it more articulately.
 * So that's my submission, I guess: In a career spanning eight decades, predominantly based in the United States, she played various roles across film, stage, and television.
 * Changing 'eighty years' to 'eight decades' & 'predominantly based in the United States'
 * These 2 are not mutually exclusive. If everyone likes the latter phrase but dislikes using "decades", that's fine. But if you do like both, rather than one or the other, or dislike both alterations, please let us know! Thanks.
 * I do have one question--For everyone here, this is the next issue to address. Would one want to append a sentence, or mention that those aforementioned various roles garnered critical acclaim? Not yet mentioning the awards per se.
 * Mentioning the awards would be upping the ante even further. So I'm only contemplating whether or not to hint at the critical acclaim in the opening intro paragraph, foreshadowing the upcoming discussion of expanded critical lauding & accolades below in the latter portion of the lead. --Cinemaniac86Dane_Cook_Hater_Extraordinaire 17:22, 26 October 2023 (UTC)
 * I agree with this restructured version. Although mentioning that she was both Irish-British and American already suggests that she was accomplished in the U.S., I think adding where she was mostly based clarifies her notability.
 * Regarding your other question, I agree with mentioning the acclaim. I think a few major awards she received could also be added. 23impartial (talk) 21:35, 29 October 2023 (UTC)
 * I would be more than happy with Cinemaniac86's suggested wording here. Midnightblueowl (talk) 21:16, 1 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Seems like the consensus is overwhelmingly for removal.The One I Left (talk) 12:15, 6 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I think the "predominatly based in the United States" is unnecessary. Again, that could apply to a host of other actors. The reader can gleam that information based on the the titles in the rest of the lead. I would suggest something along the lines of: In a career spanning eight decades she portrayed various roles across film, stage, and television. Then I would add the notable awards she's won and her damehood.The One I Left (talk) 20:40, 26 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Leaning remove The first few paragraphs already describe her activities in the United States. A sentence can be added about how or why she became internationally recognized later in life. Senorangel (talk) 23:36, 28 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Support "restructured" one' An improvement. Johnbod (talk) 22:51, 29 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Remove As another editor stated above, that sentence just seems like fluff. Some1 (talk) 22:41, 30 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Rephrase - The real issue is that the lead should be a summary of the content of the article. Which means we should consider the weight given in the article to her spending a bulk of her time in the U.S. I do think the wording is odd, and could be more concise. MaximusEditor (talk) 00:44, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Rephrase —  Sadko  (words are wind)  13:15, 13 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Remove. It's not even really clear what it means, as she spent a signficant amount of her career in London. The Lead describes her work, including her many Hollywood movies and American TV shows, as well as her theatre work in London and New York.  The sentence is somewhat misleading as well as containing the statement about "international attention" that everyone has already agreed adds nothing. I would not muck up the previous sentence with anything about where she was "based", which impairs its flow substantially.  -- Ssilvers (talk) 21:27, 14 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Remove. The sentence is ancillary to an important, encyclopedic understanding of the person. "International attention" presumes the default is that celebrated actors known only in one country. Other reasons above are also persuasive. - Swiss Mister in NY (talk) 05:26, 17 November 2023 (UTC)
 * *Support "Proposal for restructured" phrasing - international seems clear from the first line "Dame" (DBE) and "Irish-British". That "Although" line seems odd to have here anyway per MOS:LEAD since that doesn't seem to be summarising something of the article body.   And the existing wording starts oddly as a conflict with "Although" - as if being in the States generally prevents international attention.  Cheers Markbassett (talk) 20:57, 18 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Yeah, that's precisely why I detest the wording as is. It's such clumsy prose, aside from being fluff.
 * In a career spanning eight decades, predominantly based in the United States, she played various roles across film, stage, and television.
 * That was my proposal^. But I quite like @The One I Left's proposal too:
 * In a career spanning eight decades, she portrayed various roles across film, stage, and television.
 * This one just crops out the "based in USA" portion, obviously. As you and others said, her being based here is covered elsewhere in the lede, so why force it in here?
 * The "international attention" fragment, since it's in regards to the "Global Fame" section, can be mentioned in tandem with Murder, She Wrote down at the bottom lede paragraph. That's reasonable, right? --Cinemaniac86TalkStalk 22:57, 18 November 2023 (UTC)
 * The "international attention" fragment, since it's in regards to the "Global Fame" section, can be mentioned in tandem with Murder, She Wrote down at the bottom lede paragraph. That's reasonable, right? --Cinemaniac86TalkStalk 22:57, 18 November 2023 (UTC)

Update

 * The consensus thus far seems to be overwhelmingly against purely retaining it as is.
 * However, there is a near tie between Remove and Restructure/Rephrase, with scales tipped towards the latter. I'm a bit on the fence. I sided more with @The One I Left. But I'm open to at least restructuring it in a satisfactory way that would encapsulate what we need to convey encyclopedically. And 1 or 2 remove votes also seem flexible towards the latter, if necessary.
 * I have no clue if I'm being helpful in any way, aside from the person who seconded my rephrasing option and my comment about removing "fluff". But regarding this being a Featured Article, IF this is at all helpful, in retaining that status throughout the process of these minor tweaks, could we utilize Charlie Chaplin's article as a template/guide to follow? Just a suggestion. Or does it seem like that FA's lead is bloated too? Curious to compare, as it'll help put it all into perspective.
 * Anyway, that's where we're at now basically, a 5-4-1 mostly in favor of Restructuring. Do we prefer my version, Midnight's version, or shall we take The One I Left's suggestion and bring the awards up to the top of the lead? --Cinemaniac86Dane_Cook_Hater_Extraordinaire 14:01, 1 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you for staying on top of this. I really don't believe any minor tweaks to the phrasing of the specific line in question will do any good since it's "fluff". I would suggest a opening lead similar to the Featured Articles of Bradley Cooper or Emma Stone as a reference/template to follow.

 * Not to muddy the waters, but I would also suggest using them as a template for the body of the article. Right now on Lansbury's page has her Personal Life combined with her Career which is confusing. Her career is also split up into "Early life and career beginnings", "mid career", and "global fame". I would do away with all of those and have something similar to Emma Stone's where it's "Career" and then specific dates with descriptions. The One I Left (talk) 14:10, 1 November 2023 (UTC)
 * It's been a few days. It seems the overwhelming consensus is the removal of that phrase.The One I Left (talk) 22:12, 5 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Best to wait for an uninvolved editor to come and determine consensus. Midnightblueowl (talk) 10:50, 12 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I mean the consensus is pretty overwhelming.The One I Left (talk) 13:58, 12 November 2023 (UTC)
 * You've used that rather vague word "overwhelming" three times now. I just don't think its true. You have a strong and particular POV here that is not supported by many above. Johnbod (talk) 17:17, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

At this point, I'm inclined to suggest it's best we just Remove this fluff sentence altogether, rather than even contemplate a particular rephrasing. The tide continues to shift that way, and this dispute is at a stagnancy. Furthermore, why not just interweave the "predominantly based in the US" part (worded any which way, not just my way) into the lede elsewhere, rather than let it linger up top, thereby eliminating the need to debate this issue any further. And let's move on to the next aspect: How to frame the awards phrasing. The part that should remain up top is "in a career spanning eight decades" as been previously alluded to. I think @The One I Left was also in basic agreement with this, anyone else? PLEASE NOTE: Someone edited the main page, up top. I did invite them to participate/contribute a vote, but to avoid further edits without consensus.--Cinemaniac86TalkStalk 22:54, 17 November 2023 (UTC)
 * The above, unsigned, by Cinemaniac86 . Johnbod (talk) 17:18, 17 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks, my bad. I'm used to the reply automatically signing for me. I forgot that this time, I had typed it that way, cut and pasted it from there, and put it into this section via edit; thus, no automatic sign-age. --Cinemaniac86TalkStalk 22:53, 17 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Just to add, right now here is the current Tally (after I went fully remove):
 * REMOVE: 6 These are the six that only voted remove, although one was "leaning remove".
 * Cinemaniac86, The One I Left, Senorangel, Some1, Ssilvers, Swiss Mister in NY
 * REMOVE or REPHRASE: 1 Vote leaned more for removal, but if retained, to rephrase via my wording.
 * pillowcrow
 * REPHRASE: 5 Five; one unofficial, but 23's reply to me was indicative of rephrase support.
 * Pincrete, Johnbod, 23impartial, MaximusEditor, Sadko
 * RETAIN: 1 One other cancelled their split vote; officially, Midnight's vote still for keeping.
 * Midnightblueowl
 * @Senorangel's comment, just noticed, matches where I'm at now. But otherwise, the vote is not quite overwhelmingly in favor of anything, correct. It's a stalemate, and Midnight and I did try to work towards suggested compromises with rephrasing options. But we could certainly use some more input right now, to generate some discussion. This vote opened nearly 1 month ago. =) --Cinemaniac86TalkStalk 23:20, 17 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks - so much for "overwhelming support for removal"! Johnbod (talk) 04:42, 19 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Other sentences in the lede describe or imply her activities in America, so the first part to me is not that useful. International attention, which is covered in the article's Global Fame section, should still be mentioned in some form. Senorangel (talk) 02:00, 18 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Circling back for consensus, seems overwhelming in support for removal with only 1 vote for Retain. Maybe we should offer another vote for REPHRASE or REMOVE? The phrase in question is simply so broad it could apply to any actor of notoriety and therefore is meaningless and fluff. The One I Left (talk) 22:34, 4 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Circling back for consensus, seems overwhelming in support for removal with only 1 vote for Retain. Maybe we should offer another vote for REPHRASE or REMOVE? The phrase in question is simply so broad it could apply to any actor of notoriety and therefore is meaningless and fluff. The One I Left (talk) 22:34, 4 December 2023 (UTC)

Nationality RfC
Describing Angela Lansbury as a "British-American-Irish actress" may be inappropriate for a biography of a person with multiple citizenship. I've seen the article for Elizabeth Taylor, which appropriately describes her in the lead as a "British and American actress", while the article for Anya Taylor-Joy omits the nationality at all (thus describing her as just "actress") per talk page consensus; Taylor-Joy was born in the US and has British and Argentine citizenship. So I've formulated some plans to fix Angela Lansbury's nationality in the lead, while following the guideines stated at MOS:CONTEXTBIO. (Other examples that follow this are Olivia Newton-John, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Christopher Nolan, Dua Lipa, etc.)

 * Option A: Change description to "British and American actress", while retaining the Irish citizenship in the infobox.
 * How it will look like:
 * Dame Angela Brigid Lansbury (October 16, 1925 – October 11, 2022) was a British and American actress and singer. ...
 * Option B: Keep the Irish citizenship in the lead, but reformat the lead to "British, American, and Irish actress".
 * How it will look like:
 * Dame Angela Brigid Lansbury (October 16, 1925 – October 11, 2022) was a British, American and Irish actress and singer. ...
 * Option C: Restore previous format "British-Irish and American actress".
 * How it will look like:
 * Dame Angela Brigid Lansbury (October 16, 1925 – October 11, 2022) was a British-Irish and American actress and singer. ...
 * Option D: Status quo: Don't do anything with the description and keep it as "British-American-Irish actress".
 * How it will look like:
 * Dame Angela Brigid Lansbury (October 16, 1925 – October 11, 2022) was a British-American-Irish actress and singer. ...
 * Option E: Just have it say "British actress".
 * How it will look like:
 * Dame Angela Brigid Lansbury (October 16, 1925 – October 11, 2022) was a British actress and singer. ...
 * Option F: Just omit the nationality at all
 * How it will look like:
 * Dame Angela Brigid Lansbury (October 16, 1925 – October 11, 2022) was an actress and singer. ...

Thanks,  RM X Y  (talk • contribs) 13:52, 12 December 2023 (UTC)

 * I'm glad you're addressing this, because I've found the issue to be quite a conundrum myself. The way I personally see it, for everyone, is that their nationality is basically where their homeland is.
 * I look at some examples such as Vivien Leigh or Joan Fontaine and her sister, Olivia de Havilland. The former was born in British India, but sent to the UK as a child. The latter two were born in Japan, becoming British citizens by birthright, but were sent to California by their mother because Joan was a sickly child and the climate would be healthier. Thus why Olivia and Joan are listed as "British-American" actresses: British by birthright, American by where they were raised.
 * Similarly, we could look at Paul Muni for one angle, and Daniel Day-Lewis for another. The former was born in Ukraine, when it was the Austro-Hungary Empire. But his family emigrated to Chicago when he was 7. He's listed as an American actor, because despite his ethnicity, for all intents and purpose, he was raised as a Jewish American, not a Jewish Ukrainian. But ethnically, he is Ukrainian.
 * Oh, another example: Claudette Colbert, born in France to French parents, but moved to the states when she was like 3. Thus basically considered an American actress. DDL, he holds Irish citizenship, much like Dame Angela. BUT, in spite of that, he is still only listed as a British actor.
 * Lansbury has Irish blood. DDL, I believe, has Irish blood. But if I were a famous person, I have Sicilian-Italian, French, and German blood. However, I've never even travelled sadly! I'd only logically be considered an American. So that shouldn't factor into things either.
 * And taking all of this into consideration: where they were born, where they were raised....I think Lansbury should be listed as a British actress, plain and simple. Born in the UK, raised in the UK. Irish citizenship came much later. OR British-American, because of moving to the USA to escape the Blitz. But the Irish should NOT BE PART OF THE HYPHENATE. At all. That is a tertiary citizenship.
 * She may have been career-based in America, but she still grew up 75% in the UK. This actually kinda ties back into our dilemma above, where the purpose of mentioning her being career-based predominantly in the US is essential.
 * TL;DR, I apologize, but like you, a lot of examples come to mind lately. So British actress or British-American actress are the two I'm good with.
 * I would absolutely revolt if British were removed, however! --Cinemaniac86TalkStalk 15:13, 12 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Hi @Cinemaniac86 - I agree this is a rather contentious topic, and as much as I may disagree with some nationality wording choices, it ultimately comes down to things like WP:ETHNICITY and whatever the consensus is. For example, I strongly disagreed with Dua Lipa being called "English and Albanian", because aside from her dual citizenship that she obtained long after she first got famous, her entire life (from birth, main residence, first country to get notable in) has been he U.K, and her family, while ethnically Albanian, isn't technically from Albania itself (I know Kosovo is a touchy issue), but more editors disagreed with that.
 * Anyways, in regards to Lansbury, I always disliked the the convoluted choice of "British-American and Irish" or (at some point in time IIRC) "British-Irish-American". I'm fine with either just British or the current wording I see right now: British and American. Adding three national/citizenship terms or more is just ridiculous/clunky IMO. Clear Looking Glass (talk) 00:36, 24 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Angela Lansbury


text:
Talk:Melchizedek Bible

OK, Dini, why do you have to remove the part that isn't in question of being a copyright violation?Johnski 04:38, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

 * If you refer to it's becuase whe na copyvio is found, the text in question is to be removed. That's why. -- ( ☺ drini ♫ | ☎ ) 04:41, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * It's a copyvio since it's taken from amazon website. So such text cannot go. -- ( ☺ drini ♫ | ☎ ) 04:45, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I understand that the amazon part might not be allowed to go there, but if no one tries to put it back why is it an issue?Johnski 04:52, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * You kept on putting it back. However I deleted the entry because criteria G4 at Criteria for Speedy Deletions -- ( ☺ drini ♫ | ☎ ) 04:53, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Drini, I never put back the part from amazon that I'm aware of, if I did it wasn't intentional. I think the confusion might be from the fact that Amazon may be quoting the preface of the Melchizedek bible for the part I left there, and the link there ( I didn't put it there, someone else did) said that melchizedek.com gives permission to Wikipedia to quote from the Melchizedek Bible.
 * However, since the text was taken from amazon, and since amazozn page says "Conditions of Use | Privacy Notice © 1996-2005, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates" it's copyvio -- ( ☺ drini ♫ | ☎ ) 05:00, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I like the new version :) you can expand it if you want, but with your own words, not copying or slightñly modification the other text -- ( ☺ drini ♫ | ☎ ) 05:12, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Drini, I like your speed in responding. So if I copyright a book and someone else copies from my book to try to sell it, they now have their own copyright over my words?  So I couldn't give someone else permission to use my words?  That's what it seems like the owners of the Melchizedek Bible are running into, as they have given permission to copy their text here at wikipedia, but since someone else already copied their text no one else can?  Also, I searched melchizedek.com and couldn't find that link that you deleted that showed Melchizedek.com gave permission to use their text, so could you post it here, please?
 * I don't know which link you talk to (I checked a few versions and didn't see anything). However, don't you think wikibooks would be a better suited project for hosting MB? -- ( ☺ drini ♫ | ☎ ) 05:58, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Drini, you are so fast, you helped me with the editing before I could get over here to ask for help!!
 * Drini, btw, thanks for your help and letting me know about wikibooks, which I'll check out. Can you help me with understanding why you agree with those that only show the negative stuff about Melchizedek, as I noticed you joined in reverting away from the versions that I have tried to make fair, accurate and balanced.Johnski 06:03, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Let's say that I consider differnetly MB than DM. I'm not fan of those who engage on editwars, but as this article is handled nicely, I help with it -- ( ☺ drini ♫ | ☎ ) 06:05, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Melchizedek Bible


text:
File:Juara05.jpg

Summary
Picture of Rosihan Juara Baharuddin with a background of a painting by Indonesian artist Ari Gustiawan entitled Smiling Stone.

title: File:Juara05.jpg


text:
Talk:Humberto Maturana

Link
based on entry on Systems science page a link to this page shold be added to the Systems_theory_researchers page

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 04:07, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

fifty key contemporary thinkers
The first citation doesn't seem to match the 1994 edition of this book.

 * it doesn't have a section on Humberto Maturano
 * only has 251 pages
 * doesn't match the ISBN in the citation — Preceding unsigned comment added by Earcanal (talk • contribs) 18:51, 6 May 2013 (UTC)

 * Searching for "Maturana" in the edition if this book in Google Books returned zero results. I just removed the reference. The sentence is correct, though. Thank you, good catch! --QuimGil (talk) 05:16, 8 May 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Humberto Maturana


text:
William Adama

William "Bill" Adama (callsign "Husker") is a fictional character in the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica television series produced and aired by the SyFy cable network. He is one of the main characters in the series and is portrayed by Edward James Olmos. The character is a reimagining of Commander Adama from the 1978 Battlestar Galactica series, originally played by Lorne Greene.

Childhood
In the Caprica spinoff series, Markus Towfigh plays Bill Adama as a young boy. Adama was born on Caprica, the son of Joseph Adama (a civil liberties lawyer and previously a lawyer for the Ha'la'tha, the Tauron resistance movement turned mob) and Joseph's second wife, Evelyn Adama (an accountant). He is named in honor of his deceased older half-brother William "Willie" Adama in accord with Tauron tradition. Both were named after their grandfather, who along with their grandmother Isabelle was killed during the Tauron Uprising.

Bill was the only child of Joseph and Evelyn, though he is Joseph's third child, a half-brother to Joseph's children Tamara and Willie with his first wife Shannon, who died in the year YR42 on the Colonial calendar (as depicted in the prequel series Caprica). Bill Adama had at least three uncles: Joseph's brother Sam Adama (a Ha'la'tha enforcer on Caprica), Sam's husband Larry, and Evelyn's brother on Tauron who owned a ranch near a river and used trained dogs to drive foxes into the river. Shannon Adama's mother, Ruth, was also part of the Adama family during Bill's childhood, though not related to him by blood.

Military service
Admiral Adama's Military service record is shown in the dossier prepared by Billy Keikeya in the episode "Hero". It lists the following events in his service history:
 * D6/21311 – First commission: Battlestar Galactica air group
 * E4/21312 – Commendation for shooting down Cylon fighter in first viper combat mission
 * D5/21314 – Mustered out of service post-armistice
 * R6/21317 – Served as Deck Hand in merchant fleet and as common [...] aboard inter-colony tramp freighters
 * D1/21331 – Recommissioned in Colonial Fleet
 * D6/21337 – Major: Battlestar Atlantia
 * R8/21341 – Colonel: Executive Officer: Battlestar Columbia
 * C2/21345 – Commander: Commanding Officer, Battlestar Valkyrie
 * C2/21348 – Commander: Commanding Officer, Battlestar Galactica

After the death of Admiral Helena Cain, Adama is promoted to admiral, in light of the fact that he has now had charge of more than one battlestar. He retains the rank after the Battlestar Pegasus is destroyed.

First Cylon War
As depicted in Battlestar Galactica: Blood & Chrome, Adama (played by Luke Pasqualino) is a new Academy graduate during the tenth year of the First Cylon War. He is assigned to the Galactica, the newest battlestar in the Colonial fleet. His aviator call sign is "Husker", originally bestowed on him by his copilot Coker Fasjovik. The name is an Aerilon term for farmboy or hick, but Adama was actually raised in Caprica City. His first mission is to pilot a Raptor, taking a civilian software engineer into hostile Cylon territory. Following that mission, he is assigned a Viper and assigned to a joint special ops unit of fighter pilots, infantry and marines.

In Battlestar Galactica: Razor Flashbacks, Adama (played by Nico Cortez) becomes involved with a Raptor pilot named Jaycie McGavin. Arriving on the hangar deck for his first Viper combat mission, he finds McGavin has been mortally wounded in combat after her Raptor's control console explodes. He receives a commendation for this mission. Adama was aboard the Galactica during the last week of the war when a Cylon boarding party attempted to kill the crew by depressurizing the ship. Adama later recalls that "two thousand men bought the farm."

During a battle on the last day of the First Cylon War, Adama became enraged by the destruction of the Battlestar Columbia and pursued two Cylon raiders into a planetary atmosphere. His Viper was damaged in a collision and he was forced to eject; he engaged a Cylon centurion in a gunfight whilst free-falling. Upon landing, he discovered a Cylon lab where experimentation on human subjects was taking place. Unable to rescue the humans held captive in the lab, Adama watched helplessly as the Cylons evacuated the base. When he radioed for rescue, he was told that an armistice had been made with the Cylons. With the hostilities at an end, the Cylons carried away whatever they were developing, unopposed.

After the war
After the war ended, Adama married his wife Carolanne Adama and fathered two sons with her: Zak and Lee. Adama later relates to Captain Louanne "Kat" Katraine how, during both her pregnancies, Carolanne was convinced that she was carrying a daughter, and was surprised by the arrival of a son. Adama himself would have liked a daughter, saying that "three's a good round number".

Like many servicemen Adama was released from military career after the war ended. He found himself serving on a commercial freighter on the Caprica-Tauron run, where he met a fellow former Viper pilot, Saul Tigh. The pair forged a lasting friendship.

Return to the Fleet
During this period, Adama used his wife's family's connections in the Defense Council to get himself reinstated in the Colonial Fleet as a captain. Once he had been promoted to the rank of major, he secured Tigh's reinstatement in the Fleet as well. He later divorced Carolanne; she was engaged to be married at the time of the Cylon attack on the Twelve Colonies of Kobol.

As a major, Adama served on the Battlestar Atlantia, where he had an ongoing feud with the ship's landing signal officer that inspired a celebration of his thousandth landing. He later served as the executive officer of the Battlestar Columbia, presumably as a colonel, and skippered three Colonial escort vessels before earning his own command, the Battlestar Valkyrie. Adama brought his old friend, Saul Tigh, with him as his XO. At some point during this phase of his career, Adama either served aboard or visited a Mercury class battlestar.

Approximately three years before the Destruction of the Twelve Colonies, the Colonial Admiralty ordered then-Commander Adama and the Valkyrie to test the Cylons' military disposition with a covert (and illegal) surveillance mission across the Armistice Line. The Stealthstar reconnaissance craft was discovered by the Cylons and damaged; Adama ordered the Valkyrie ' s weapons batteries to shoot it down to prevent its capture. These events precipitated his transfer to the aging Battlestar Galactica as a graceful swan-song to his career before returning to haunt him three years later.

Both William Adama's sons chose to follow in their father's footsteps and become Viper pilots. While Lee went on to become an accomplished pilot, Zak was not a natural in the cockpit. While in training, Zak began a secret relationship with Kara "Starbuck" Thrace, his flight instructor. Zak would have failed basic flight training had Kara not passed him based on her feelings for him (he had recently proposed to her). During an operational flight, Zak's Viper crashed and he was killed. This tragedy drove a wedge between Adama and his surviving son, Lee, who blamed his father for pushing Zak into military service. It was also during this time that William Adama met Kara, sparking a father-daughter relationship.

After the Cylon attack
Two years after Zak's death, the fifty-year-old Galactica was nearing the end of its service, destined to be converted into a museum ship. On the morning following the ship's decommissioning ceremony (Caprica City Time), the Cylons launched a surprise attack on the Twelve Colonies of Kobol, bombarding the colonies with nuclear weapons and destroying the majority of the Colonial Fleet. The Fleet was unable to mount an effective counterattack due to Cylon infiltration of the Colonial ships' Command Navigation Program (CNP).

Since Adama fought in the first Cylon War, he knew that the Cylons could use electronics as part of their offensive repertoire. Adama's experiences with the Cylons left him with a healthy distrust of sophisticated computer systems and heavy automation. He therefore decreed that as part of Galactica's standing orders, her computer systems were never to be networked, and even though Galactica had Baltar's CNP program installed on its systems, thanks to Adama's orders it was never loaded into primary memory. As a result, the outmoded, aging Galactica was spared from Cylon infiltration attempts that crippled and subsequently destroyed much of the Colonial Fleet. However, most of Galactica's Viper Mark VII fighters did possess the CNP and were lost early in the attack. Fortunately, as part of its museum display, the Galactica had forty older Mk II Vipers on board, including Adama's personal fighter from the First Cylon War. The CNP was later purged from Galactica's systems as well as the remainder of the Mark VII fighters.

Following the devastating attack on the Colonies, Commander Adama felt that the best course of action was a counterattack, to avenge the deaths of billions, and stand and fight for whatever was left of their civilization. He sent a message into deep space, calling for all remaining Colonial ships to regroup at Ragnar Anchorage, an unmanned munitions depot hidden in the upper atmosphere of the gas giant Ragnar. Ragnar was ideal because it was well protected, and Galactica could rearm after being disarmed for her decommissioning. While there, Adama found that no Colonial warships had responded to the call to regroup. Instead, the Galactica encountered a ragtag fleet of civilian vessels bearing around 50,000 survivors, including the former secretary for education and newly appointed president of the colonies, Laura Roslin.

Roslin implored Adama to abandon his plan to fight the Cylons and instead lead the survivors to safety, out of the Colonial system. Initially, Adama believed this idea to be preposterous – after all, he was a military man, bred to fight and not to run. However, after some deliberation, he agreed, realising that the survival of the human race was more important than the pursuit of vengeance in what would almost certainly be a suicidal counterattack against the Cylons; Galactica would only be one ship against an entire Cylon fleet. Galactica and her fleet jumped beyond the "red line" (the boundary beyond which FTL jump calculations become uncertain and therefore jumps become dangerous), never to return to the Twelve Colonies.

Thus, Adama found himself on the run in uncharted deep space. In order to give his men and the people of the fleet some hope, Adama lied to them, saying that he knew where the thirteenth colony, Earth, was located, and that he would lead them all there to make a new home. (Incidentally, the Hebrew word for Earth is Adama.) Even though ex-wife, Carolanne, was presumed to have died in the Cylon attack, Adama still harbored feelings for her and continued to wear his wedding band and observe their wedding anniversary for a time.

After an incident on the hangar deck that resulted in the deaths of several pilots, Adama became aware of the true details of his son Zak's death after Thrace let her affair with Zak cloud her judgment again by being too harsh on the replacement trainees. Adama was barely able to restrain himself upon learning of the cause of Zak's death from Thrace. Events following the revelation lead Adama and his surviving son Lee to commit a similar act of allowing feelings to cloud judgment after Thrace is shot down and stranded on an inhospitable planet. After Adama is compelled to abandon Thrace by President Roslin, Thrace miraculously rescues herself and returns to Galactica aboard a captured Cylon Raider. Adama forgives Thrace for her indiscretions concerning Zak. The incident also cements the father-son bond between William Adama and his surviving son. Lee questions how long his father would search for him were he missing, to which the elder Adama responds, "if it were you... we'd never leave."

Soon after Galactica and the Colonial fleet discover the lost planet Kobol, Adama is shot by "Boomer", a Cylon sleeper agent, which places him in mortal jeopardy. Although he survives this assassination attempt, the brush with death changes him somewhat: some say that his more emotional leanings are a post-traumatic reaction to the shooting, but Adama jokes to Roslin that he thinks that he is "just a wuss."

After the Battlestar Pegasus encounters the fleet, Adama comes into conflict with Rear Admiral Helena Cain, commander of the Pegasus, over the treatment of two Galactica crew members, Karl Agathon and Galen Tyrol. Cain and Adama come to the brink of firing on each other. Each battlestar commander makes plans to have the other assassinated following the successful conclusion of a joint operation to destroy the Cylon Resurrection ship. Neither plan is carried out (both commanders decide not to give the kill order), although Cain is subsequently killed by the Cylon agent Gina.

With the death of Cain, Roslin promotes Adama to admiral. Adama is surprised and touched: by this point in his career, he had given up hope of attaining flag rank; he encourages Roslin, battling breast cancer, to remain hopeful of a recovery. There was also a brief, sweet kiss between the two, initiated by Adama, which Roslin smiles at afterwards.

New Caprica and the Second Exodus
After the discovery of the planet New Caprica, Adama appears hesitant to establish a permanent settlement on the planet, but is overruled by the new president Gaius Baltar. In the months that follow, his attitude slowly softens, and he begins to allow military personnel to muster out and settle on New Caprica.

When the Cylons locate New Caprica after a year of no contact with the human race, Adama is forced reluctantly to flee with all the ships still in orbit. The fleet escapes with two thousand civilians and the Battlestars Galactica and Pegasus at half-strength. Undaunted, Adama sets about formulating a rescue plan for the humans trapped under Cylon rule. His unorthodox strategy (he even goes so far as to jump the Galactica into the atmosphere of New Caprica) is successful, but not without loss. Against his father's orders, Lee arrives in the Pegasus to join the battle and save Galactica, but left all of its fighters behind to guard the civilian fleet. Pegasus takes heavy damage, forcing the crew to abandon ship. Pegasus is destroyed upon collision with a basestar. Adama returns to the fleet as a hero. However, Galactica itself is damaged to near-crippling levels as a result of his actions and never fully recovers.

Three years after the incident at the Armistice Line, Galactica recovers Lieutenant Daniel "Bulldog" Novacek, the pilot of the recon vessel that Adama ordered shot down when in command of the Battlestar Valkyrie. Adama's guilt over the incident and suspicions that he may have provoked the Cylon attack on the Colonies lead him to tender his resignation from the Fleet: however, President Roslin refuses to accept his resignation. Moreover, in an attempt to improve fleet morale and reward Adama for his continual military service in ensuring the survival of the fleet, President Roslin awards Adama with a Medal of Distinction in recognition of his 45 years of service to the Colonial Fleet. Colonel Tigh is the one who saves Adama when Bulldog attacks the admiral, seeking revenge for his capture, and this marks a turning point in the Adama-Tigh relationship: after the award ceremony, the two friends finally sit down to share a drink and talk about the events on New Caprica, and Ellen Tigh's death in particular.

Adama is initially supportive of the "ranks dropped" boxing competition held on Galactica with Colonel Tigh as referee, seeing it as a useful means of allowing the crew to vent their frustrations and prevent them growing into feuds and grudges. However, when he sees that some of the crew have taken to enjoying the competition over tending to their professional duties, he is reminded of how he himself softened during the year above New Caprica. He takes on Chief Galen Tyrol in the ring; although he is beaten by the younger man, his actions and words afterwards remind the crew of their solemn duty to guard the civilian fleet.

After the fleet's food-processing systems become contaminated the fleet prepares to make a hazardous journey through a highly radioactive stellar cluster in search of supplies, Tigh finally returns (a little self-consciously) to the Galactica CIC. Although Adama does not join the applause for the colonel, he cannot hide a small smile. After the stellar cluster has been negotiated, he visits Captain Louanne "Kat" Katraine on her deathbed after she receives a fatal dose of radiation guiding civilian ships through the cluster. He comforts her, telling her that her shady past life is irrelevant to him: he is interested only in her bravery and outstanding qualities as a leader, for which he (posthumously) returns her to the position of CAG.

Upon reaching the Algae planet in a highly unstable planetary system the Colonials begin harvesting operations. Galen Tyrol informs Roslin and Adama of his discovery of an ancient temple, The Temple of Five which holds some significance in the Colonial religion. Roslin believes according to scripture that an artifact The Eye of Jupiter is hidden somewhere within the temple and would act as a Marker on the way to Earth. The fleet is soon confronted by four Cylon Base Stars and Adama orders all civilian ships to jump away. Taking up a defense posture Adama prepares to engage the incoming Cylons with several people still on the planet and the possibility of the Cylons retrieving information on the location of Earth. The incoming Cylons on the advice of Gaius Baltar do not come in firing instead send a delegation to negotiate with Roslin and Adama for the Eye. The brief negotiation leaves both sides in a stalemate: if the Cylons attack the Galactica or attempt to land on the planet Adama would nuke the temple, if the Colonials attempt to take the Eye the Cylons would attack. The Cylons eventually attempt to land on the planet and take the temple. Adama in response arms Galactica's nuclear warheads and targets them on the temple, nearly making good on his threat. The Cylons recall all but one of their heavy raiders forcing Adama to back down. When the star in the planetary system begins to show sign of going supernova and the Cylon fleet jumps away, Adama orders a rescue mission be launched to the planet. Retrieving all of her raptors, Galactica narrowly escapes the shock wave jumping back to her fleet.

Following Gaius Baltar's apprehension in the temple, a tribunal of five ship captains is formed to serve as judges in Baltar's trial for treason and crimes against the human race. Adama is appointed to this panel, though Captain Franks of the civilian ship Prometheus is selected to chair it. Despite President Roslin's requests to Maj. Lee Adama that he assist in preparing the prosecution's case against Baltar, and despite Admiral Adama bestowing his father Joseph Adama's law textbooks to Lee due to his flirtatious interest in law when he was a youth, Lee declines because he has doubts about the fairness of the trial. The admiral instead relieves Lee of his CAG duties to provide security detail for Baltar and his attorney, Romo Lampkin, who was a student of William's father and Lee's grandfather. After Lampkin survives two failed assassination attempts, Admiral Adama decides to reinstate Lee to his CAG duties. Lee, however, tells the admiral that he wishes to assist Lampkin in the defense of Baltar, incensing his father. After Lampkin humiliates Tigh on the witness stand by forcing him to admit that he killed his own wife, an argument ensues between the two Adamas, resulting in animosity between father and son, Lee resigning his commission in anger of having his integrity questioned by his father, and Adama retorting that he wants no officer without integrity serving under him. Adama unsuccessfully attempts to circumvent Lee's cross-examination of the cancer-stricken Laura Roslin, and Captain Franks pressures her into admitting that she is once again taking the hallucinogenic chamalla extract, effectively discrediting her as a witness. Roslin depressed, the senior Adama comforts and encourages her in preparation for her doloxan treatments. As the trial continues, and Baltar's case appears to be crumbling, Baltar demands that Lee Adama take the stand. When Lampkin asks Lee if Baltar deserves a fair trial, Lee replies that he does, and that he was not guilty of treason. He goes on to ask the tribunal what they would have done in Baltar's position, and remarks that everyone else on New Caprica was pardoned for whatever transgressions they made, but Baltar was made the scapegoat. He looks at his father, and continues, saying that the entire case was based on emotions, and that new laws need to be made to preserve their civilization, and to prevent humanity from turning into a gang. Lee's testimony results in both Baltar's acquittal by way of Adama's "not guilty" swing vote, and winning back his father's respect.

Cylon Civil War and Discovering Earth
Following the failed rebellion of the Twos, Sixes and Eights and Cavil's swift reprisal only one rebel Basestar remained although heavily damaged, the Leoben model Two Cylon took a Heavy Raider to find Kara Thrace believing that she could lead both humans and Cylons to their destiny. Adama had sent Kara and several of Galactica's pilots and crew aboard a freighter to retrace her unexplainable journey to Earth when Leoben encountered them and brought them an offer of peace with the rebels and help to find Earth. They brought the Basestar and the rebels back to the fleet and formed the joint strike force plan to destroy the Resurrection Hub (which would prevent Cylons from downloading into new bodies upon their death) while simultaneously retrieving D'Anna, a Three who knew the identities of the Final Five Cylons who could help lead them to Earth. Roslin and Adama agreed that this was an opportunity they couldn't waste and in the process of transferring military forces on board the Basestar for a sneak attack the malfunctioning Hybrid made an FTL jump into the battle zone with Roslin, Baltar, Helo and a good number of Galactica's Viper and Raptor complement with them. After a lengthy search of the post battle debris it becomes apparent that while the fleet is ready to move on believing that the Basestar is lost along with Roslin which is something that Adama cannot accept. He gives his orders to Tigh and Lee before boarding a Raptor with the intention to wait for the Basestar's return because he has come to realize that he cannot live without her.

After some time waiting in the Raptor with only the book he was reading to Roslin during her treatments for entertainment his persistence was rewarded when the Basestar reappeared in front of him. After landing on board he is greeted by Roslin who has come to the same realization about their relationship telling him that she loves him which Adama replies "it's about time" after which they embrace. Upon returning to the fleet the deceptive ploys by both sides lead to the Cylons holding Roslin and the remaining Colonial military hostage while Adama is instructed to allow the Final Five return to the Basestar or D'Anna will begin to execute the prisoners. Tory Foster's defection leaves Colonel Tigh no other option but to reveal himself to his best friend that he is a Cylon and that Adama must threaten to kill him in order to save the hostages. Upon learning of this Adama returns to his quarters and furiously drinks while trashing his room, Lee finds him in tears slumped next to the head inconsolable. Tory calls Galactica's bluff and prepares to execute Roslin leaving Tigh no other option but to out the remaining two Cylons Chief Tyrol and Sam Anders who have been working frantically with Kara to decipher the location of Earth. At the last moment before the execution can take place she enters the airlock exclaiming she knows how to find Earth, a wireless distress signal from a Colonial frequency. A truce is called between the two ships and they follow the signal to a blue planet with matching constellations from the Temple of Athena where President Roslin and Admiral Adama lead a survey team down to the planet they have been searching for to call home.

As Adama picks up the first handful of Earth as he said he would in his speech before departing Galactica a survey team member waves a Geiger counter over it to reveal high background radiation, it is then revealed that there are many survey teams made up of both humans and Cylons walking around a ravaged world that is more than obviously dead and uninhabitable. Adama and Roslin return to Galactica amidst a horde of hopeful people waiting for a confirmation that everything they have suffered through and lost has been rewarded, barely holding back her tears is unable to speak a word to the crowd demanding any information as Adama and a squad of marines escort her to safety. As he walks the halls of the ship Adama sees countless people crying, fighting, consoling and just plain giving up all over the ship as word has spread that Earth is a dead rock, he feels the same but cannot let it show even when he is in his quarters as Roslin is staying there and has taken a deep turn into depression after her messianic role has been a lie. Finally breaking down with the assistance of several drinks he confronts Tigh and attempts to goad him into ending his suffering with a handgun, luckily both men regain their composure and reflect on the past and the XO reminds his superior what the commander of the fleet is required to do. Adama sobers up and heads to a somber and somewhat sparse CIC and orders recon missions for habitable systems for the fleet to hopefully settle and extends this offer to the rebel Cylons should they wish it and orders the return of all personnel from the planet before they make the next jump.

As the fleet continues on its new mission to find any place to call home things have become somewhat normalized, Adama proceeds through a normal routine trying to keep things professional but with little luck as he makes it to CIC. As the day progresses he holds a meeting with the senior staff regarding FTL upgrades using Cylon tech and the negative reaction that most people will have toward accepting help from their perceived enemy especially from Felix Gaeta, something he echoes throughout the ship over the course of the day and sows discontent among many other crewmembers. Upon hearing reports that Roslin has been jogging around the ship Adama confronts her on missing her treatment appointments in sickbay, not taking her medication and overall abandonment of the office of the presidency. She merely states that with what time she has left she doesn't want to spend it giving people hope, false or real, and after everything she has done to get them there she deserves to live a little, a sentiment he shares, she also tells him he deserves the same as she kisses him then leaves. His day reaches an apex when Tom Zarek has stirred up so much discord within the fleet over the Cylon upgrades that the tylium refinery ship jumps to an unknown location, a location Zarek gives up too easily as Adama bluffs him with a fake surveillance dossier. It is later revealed that this was Zarek's intention all along to have the fleet see Galactica and the Presidency using excessive force to get their way. After the ship is returned to the fleet Adama is informed over the comm in his quarters of the situation which reveals that he is in fact in bed next to a wigless Roslin who expresses he complete lack of concern for the fleet as her and Adama share an intimate laugh as they live in the moment for themselves alone for once.

Mutiny
After Adama starts considering not only an alliance with the Rebel Cylons but allowing them to join the fleet, Lieutenant Felix Gaeta starts a mutiny against him with Tom Zarek starting a coup against Roslin and the rest of the government. They capture Adama and try him for various crimes including treason, dereliction of duty (for abandoning the people on New Caprica) and aiding and abetting the enemy. Despite initially being captured, Adama escapes and helps Roslin, who he has started a romantic relationship with and Baltar escape to the rebel basestar before he and Tigh are recaptured. Adama is eventually sentenced to death by firing squad, but is rescued by the now-civilian Lee and loyal officers, including a former mutineer. Adama is able to turn his own executioners back to his side and leads an ever-increasing group of loyalists to CIC which he retakes without firing a shot, capturing Gaeta and Zarek and ending the mutiny. Retaking command of his ship, Adama contacts Roslin on the basestar who has been demanding the mutineers surrender and threatening their destruction and informs the relieved Roslin, Baltar and rebel Cylons that Galactica is back under his control. His survival (the group on the basestar had been informed he was dead) drives Roslin and an Eight Cylon to tears. When an emotional Roslin returns to Galactica he greets her personally and then at an unknown later point, has Gaeta and Zarek executed by a firing squad he personally commands for their crimes. True to his word, he doesn't grant any of the mutineers clemency and has them imprisoned on the Astral Queen (though he eventually allows anyone willing to join the later attack on The colony their freedom) though he may have relented a little in Gaeta's case as Gaeta was allowed a visit by Baltar, drank what seemed to be Adama's morning coffee (the "spoils of war") during the meeting, seemed to be imprisoned in his quarters rather than the brig and was allowed to die in his uniform, something Adama swore the mutineers would be denied.

Rescue of Hera and finding a new home
Adama eventually commands the Galactica on her final mission: an operation to rescue the half-human, half-cylon child Hera from the Cylon colony. The mission is successful, and Galactica jumps to the planet that will eventually be known as Earth, but sustains irreparable damage in the process.

After surveying the primitive human natives, Adama adopts a colonizing strategy proposed by his son Lee: the colonials abandon most of their technology and settle in widely separated locations on the planet. The emptied ships of the fleet, including Galactica, are piloted into the sun. As he had planned earlier, William Adama is the last person to leave Galactica, launching aboard the Mk. II Viper with his call sign, "Husker" that had appeared in the original mini-series.

Adama takes the dying Laura Roslin on a Raptor flight over their new homeworld, searching for a spot to build the cabin they had talked about on New Caprica. Roslin dies during the flight, as foretold by the prophecy, and Adama places his wedding ring on her finger. In his final scene in the series, Adama is depicted sitting next to Roslin's grave, describing the progress he has made in building their cabin.

Personality and relationships
A weary, battle-hardened man in late middle age, Adama demonstrated a powerful strength of character throughout the series, successfully leading and protecting what remained of humanity against the Cylon threat. Despite the greater age of his Battlestar compared to some of the other ships in the fleet at the time of the attack, Adama led the ship to victory against various Cylon threats, successfully coming up with strategies to defeat Cylon opponents despite their significantly superior numerical and technological advantage. His dedication to his ship earned him the loyalty of many, with Tigh once stating when Adama was injured that, as far as he was concerned, Galactica was Adama's ship until his death. A significant number of the crew participated in a mutiny led by Felix Gaeta, but Ronald D. Moore stated in the episode podcasts that the mutineers never had enough people to take complete control of the ship. A large number of the crew are seen joining Adama when he retook the ship, and several of the mutineers, including Aaron Kelly and several marines, switched sides during the battle.

Adama's hobbies include building model sailing ships by hand. "Here Be Dragons", the penultimate episode of the prequel Caprica, shows that he inherited this from his mother Evelyn.

In terms of his personal relationships, Adama's life was complicated at best. Although he tried to maintain a professional distance from his crew to prevent his emotions from clouding his judgement, he was nevertheless strongly devoted to them. For all the arguments between him and his son Lee Adama, he had more than once stated that he would never abandon Lee whatever his son did, attempting to reconcile with Lee even after Lee served as the defense counsel for Gaius Baltar during his trial. His affection for his ex-wife is also evident, setting aside the day of their anniversary each year to remember her despite how their relationship ended.

He was also well known for forming more than one father/daughter bond with members of the military under his command, particularly Kara 'Starbuck' Thrace, Anastasia 'Dee' Dualla and Louanne 'Kat' Katraine, telling Kat once that he and his wife would have liked to have a daughter as well as their sons, stating that "Three's a good round number". Similarly, when Kara Thrace voiced her anxieties about her own identity when she returned from the dead, Adama reassured her by proclaiming "You're my daughter". Evidence of his relationship with Dee was when he called her into his office so he could voice his frustrations with the fact that President Roslin stood against him and Lee having sided with her on the matter believing she had nothing to say. Though Dee proved him wrong in this regard. Despite his vocal dislike of Cylons, Adama even managed to form a father/daughter bond with the second Cylon Number Eight copy he encountered, Sharon 'Athena' Agathon, growing to trust her despite the fact that her 'predecessor' shot him. Prior to her shooting him and discovering she was a cylon, Adama had a similar relationship with the first Number Eight copy he knew, Sharon 'Boomer' Valerii. He even stated that he loved her, that she meant a lot him and that she was more than a machine to him, that she was a vital living person. It was in part because of his relationship with Boomer that motivated Adama to become attached to Athena and bond with her.

Adama also retained his strong friendship with Saul Tigh even after the latter is discovered to be a cylon. His relationship with President Laura Roslin has been particularly turbulent; although they have often disagreed over crucial decisions, such as when Roslin convinced Starbuck to return to Caprica to retrieve the Arrow of Apollo, or when she convinced the Agathons that their daughter Hera – the first human/Cylon hybrid – had died during the birth, they have also demonstrated a great affection for each other, Adama admitting after she was briefly captured by the Cylons that he cannot live without her. In Season Four, it is shown that they developed an intimate romantic relationship. After her death, he placed his wedding ring on her finger and buried her outside the cabin he planned to build and live in solitude.

Preparing for the role
Actor Edward James Olmos has brown eyes, but when playing William Adama he wore contact lenses that make Adama's eyes blue. This was done so that Olmos and actor Jamie Bamber, who played his son Lee, would resemble each other more. Reciprocally, Bamber dyed his hair darker to better match Olmos's coloring.

title: William Adama


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List of Hikaru no Go episodes

This is a list of episodes for the anime series Hikaru no Go. This lists every episode, starting with the English title as they aired on Toonami Jetstream, followed by the title that was used on the original Japanese episode on TV Tokyo. The anime more or less follows the same storyline as the manga. A short summary follows, introducing the episode and referring to some of the gags. There are a total of 75 episodes, excluding a 2004 special showing what happens after episode 75. The final three episodes were released in English dub February 2011 when the series was put up for download on the iTunes store.

New Year Special – The Road to the Hokuto Cup

 * Japanese Broadcast: 2004-01-03
 * Running time: 77 minutes
 * Ending Theme:
 * "Everlasting Snow" by Dream

Hikaru is given a phone call asking him to appear in a Japan/China/Korea under-18 tournament – the Hokuto Cup – but he finds out he will have to take part in a preliminary tournament to choose Japan's three contestants. Upon discussing this with Akira, he discovers that Akira has already been chosen for the tournament and will not be taking place in the preliminaries. Hikaru then decides not to visit Akira's Go Salon until he takes his place on the team with Akira. That may be tougher than originally planned, as not only does Hikaru have to battle with old friends for one of two coveted spots, but he may have a new challenger, in an unorthodox player from the Kansai Go Institute named Yashiro. The anime also shows Akira Toya play Ogata and Hikaru play Morishita 9-dan; both young players lose to the seasoned top pros.

This special does not cover the actual tournament. The manga, however, does and offers some closure.

 * Game based on (Kadowaki): Imamura Toshiya vs. Naoto Hikosaka (1999)
 * Game based on (Morishita): Cho Chikun vs. Lee Chang-ho (1993)
 * Game based on (Ogata): Sakakibara Shoji vs. Sonoda Yuichi (1992)
 * Game based on (Yashiro): Shinji Takao vs. Keigo Yamashita (2000)

title: List of Hikaru no Go episodes


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User talk:Emntee

Welcome!

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Caladenia
Are you Ron Heberle? I see that the link on the page goes to ~emntee which I see is the same as your user name. If you are not Ron Heberle then the article may be a copyright violation. Someone else will probably tag it without asking you first as it's a straight copy from. CHeers CambridgeBayWeather 05:10, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:D magnifica Yel (TW).jpg
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Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Longhair 05:53, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Emntee


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User talk:Glwegner

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! CambridgeBayWeather 04:41, 29 September 2005 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Glwegner


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Farida Karodia

Farida Karodia (born 1942) is a South African novelist and short-story writer.

Biography
Farida Karoida was born in the eastern Cape province, a location that inspired the setting for her first novel, Daughters of Twilight (1986). She taught in Johannesburg, South Africa, Zambia, Swaziland. In 1968 the government of South Africa withdrew her passport. Facing forced internment in South Africa, she emigrated to Canada. She remained there, where she published her first novel and wrote in multiple mediums, including film, television, and CBC radio dramas. She returned to South Africa in 1994. She now works as a freelance writer and divides her time between Canada and South Africa.

Her first novel was Daughters of the Twilight was published in 1986, and was a runner up for the Fawcett Literature Prize. Although she was living in Canada at the time, the book concerns the difficulties non-whites faced in getting an education under apartheid. However by 1990 she had also written about Canada. Further during time spent in India in 1991 she wrote and filmed Midnight Embers. Her novel A Shattering of Silence (1993), set during the Mozambique civil war, follows Faith, the daughter of Canadian missionaries, after the murder of her parents. Against an African Sky and Other Stories (1994) was one of her first works after she returned to South Africa. In 2000, her novel Other Secrets was nominated for an IMPAC Dublin Award. Nor have her novels set in Africa focused only on South Africa. Boundaries (2003)focuses on the return of three women to a small South African town, Vlenterhoek.

Critical reception
In Mythologies of Migration, Vocabularies of Indenture: Novels of the South Asian Diaspora in Africa, the Caribbean, and Asia-Pacific (2009), Mariam Pirbhal points out that Karodia's work has received more acclaim outside of both her home countries of Canada and South Africa. Daughters of Twilight, for instance, "did not receive the critical attention or acclaim it derives in Canada" while "it was nominated for the Fawcett Literature Prize in Great Britain" (78), and after "reworking [that novel] "as the first part of a three-part multigenerational saga entitled Other Secrets published by Penguin in 2000, [this] also received a prestigious nomination, the International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award, though it did not enjoy a long shelf-life in print" (78). Pirbhal points to both the difficulty of categorising Karodia and her work into neat racial and national categories as one of the strengths of her work, as well as a potential reason for the lack of popular and critical attention both receive in non-diasporic contexts. Karodia, she contends, is one of the "unique voices in African literature. . . [that] do not fully belong to a small minority of writers of European origin who speak from the historical centre [sic] of institutionalized power nor do they belong to the vast majority of indigenous African withers who speak form the cultural and political centre [sic] of the post-colonial condition. . . .What the in-between, or to use Karoida's titular phrase, 'twilight' atmosphere of these texts undermines is the diasporic community's sense of volatility in Africa as a twice-displaced people, that is, both in their historical displacement from the Indian subcontinent and in their status as a political and rival minority in the new land" (79).

Similarly, Ronit Frenkel in Reconsiderations: South African Indian Fiction and the Making of Race in Postcolonial Culture (2010) positions Karodia's work, in particular Other Secrets, as part of small group of South African literature offering "alternative narratives to the TRC [ Truth and Reconciliation Commission ], which reveal the 'ordinary' impact of apartheid in a way that the Commission did not" (112). For Frenkel, the story of the Mohammed family reveals "one of the 'secrets' that apartheid attempted to conceal . . . the number of people who fell between its systems of classification on one level or another. This precarious geographical existence reflects the racial make-up of the family itself, in which Meena, Yasmin, and their father, Abdul, are classified as India, while their mother, Delia, and grandmother, Nana, are classified as coloured. Apartheid history is filled with stories of families split apart by their differing racial classification" (114). Devarakshanam Govinden, too, lists Karodia as one of the "South African Indian women [who] have been part of this large company of South African writers engaging in a 'refusal of amnesia' . . .[by] undertaking the process of 'self-narration' that foregrounds some of those 'blanked-out areas' of South Africa's identity as a nation" (2).

Novels and short story collections

 * Daughters of Twilight (1986)
 * Coming Home and Other Stories (1988)
 * A Shattering of Silence (1991)
 * Against an African Sky (1994)
 * Other Secrets (2000)
 * Boundaries (2003)

Anthologies

 * "The Red Velvet Dress" in Opening Spaces: An Anthology of Contemporary African Women's Writing (1999)
 * "Crossmatch" in Story-Wallah: Short Fiction from South Asian Writers (2004) is reprinted from Against an African Sky

title: Farida Karodia