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File talk:Miyagawa Issho hand scroll.jpg

I am having a hard time finding a Japanese source regarding this "Miyagawa Isshō". Is there any Japanese link or any book available as a reference? Would anybody happen to know what the ideograms for his name are in Japanese? PHG 11:06, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Norway men's national basketball team

The Norway men's national basketball team (Norges herrelandslag i basketball) represents Norway in international basketball tournaments. The national team is administered by the Norwegian Basketball Federation.

Norway has never had great success on the international stage in the past. They are one of the few European countries to date to have never qualified for one of the top international basketball competitions, such as the EuroBasket or the FIBA World Cup.

History
Norway's first international match was played on 11 February 1967 in Oslo, where the team lost 50–63 to Denmark. The most capped player is Torgeir Bryn, with 111 caps.

In the past, Norway has attempted to qualify for the EuroBasket several times, but have yet to reach the tournament. They have only entered the Olympic basketball qualification twice, for the 1980, and 1988 Olympic Games. Norway is one of Europe's most populous nations to have never qualified for a major international basketball competition. However, they have competed at smaller events such as the European Championship for Small Countries.

The Road to Revival (2012–2017)
In 2012, financial troubles led the Norwegian Basketball Federation to shut down both the men's and women's national teams. The federation simply did not have the funds to keep either the men's or women's teams afloat. Since then, however, the federation has come to realize just how many people from the athletes and teams, to individuals and companies care about the Norwegian basketball community and are willing to provide financial support. The federation also worked to raise money through sponsorships, and eventually signed a major sponsorship agreement with Circle K, in addition to a few smaller sponsors.

Norway's return (2018–present)
In 2018, Norway made its return to FIBA competition by playing at the European Championship for Small Countries. The national team finished as the runners-up after losing 75–59 in the final against Malta.

In 2021, Norway joined the EuroBasket 2025 qualification.

Current roster
Roster for the 2027 FIBA World Cup Pre-Qualifiers match on 25 February 2024 against Luxembourg.

Head coach position

 * 🇳🇴 Matthias Eckhoff – (2018–present)

Notable players

 * Torgeir Bryn – the first Scandinavian, and the only Norwegian who has played in the NBA; and the most capped player for the Norway national basketball team with 111 matches.

Past rosters
2018 FIBA European Championship for Small Countries: finished 2nd 🥈 among 7 teams

title: Norway men's national basketball team


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File:Drug poems.jpg

http://www.lib.monash.edu.au/exhibitions/sunbooks/virtual/photos/photo4.html

title: File:Drug poems.jpg


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Talk:Anti-terrorist policies of the Metropolitan police

Untitled
I think we need more references. I hope none of this is original research. Interesting reading though. Secretlondon 11:07, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Its kindof hard to put references in this, because its based so much on verbal interviews and the like, and I dont have the transcripts any more. Chachu207 12:43, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I've added "not verified" and "unsourced" tags to this article. No offence, it's an interesting and well-written article, but without verifiable references from reliable sources, it stands a good chance of being severely edited, if not deleted. Your claim that much of the article is based on verbal interviews implies that it is original research which is not allowed on Wikipedia, and there's also a bit too much speculation for my liking. --Canley 13:52, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

 * To be honest, i'm not bothered if it gets deleted. --Chachu207 ::: Talk to me 17:05, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I definitely don't want to see this article deleted. I've found several sources to back up quite a bit of the information in this article based on publicly-released reports from the Metropolitan Police Service and the Metropolitan Police Authority, so I'll have a go at rewriting the article and link to these reference sources. --Canley 08:09, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

The links to SO19 & so13 have been removed as they are dead. http://www.met.police.uk/foi/pdfs/other_information/corporate/so19_introduction.pdf is an introduction to s019. http://www.met.police.uk/so/counter_terrorism.htm is info on counter terrorism. Secretlondon 19:17, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

The link to the Indiana web site is just a ref to the mirror article which 404s. Secretlondon 15:40, 29 October 2007 (UTC)


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European Rapid Operational Force

The European Rapid Operational Force (EUROFOR) was a multinational rapid reaction force composed of forces from four states of the European Union: Italy, France, Portugal and Spain. It had a permanent staff capable of commanding operations, involving commitments of up to a Light Division in size. Eurofor was formed in May 1995 in Lisbon, and was answerable to the Western European Union (WEU) directly. It was tasked with performing Petersberg tasks, including humanitarian, peacekeeping and peace enforcement missions. With the merger of several WEU elements into the European Union, Eurofor had by and large become part of the Common Security and Defence Policy. It was eventually transformed into an EU Battlegroup and was on standby from 1 July until 31 December 2011. On 2 July 2012, Eurofor was dissolved.

Operations
Eurofor has been involved in three deployments:
 * 2000-2001: Mission Albania: In response to a refugee crisis in Albania following the Kosovo War. The deployment was initially part of NATO operation "Allied Harbor" and once NATO ground forces entered Kosovo, Eurofor's mission also incorporated the defence of NATO supply lines through Albania.
 * 2003: Mission Macedonia: Under the wing of the European Union, as part of EUFOR Concordia. Formally, Eurofor became answerable directly to the European Union, through the Political and Security Committee. This operation began on 31 March 2003 when the Macedonian authorities invited assistance with the goal of the establishment of a stable and secure environment in Macedonia (now North Macedonia). This mission officially ended on 15 December 2004.
 * 2007: Bosnia and Herzegovina

title: European Rapid Operational Force


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XOR (video game)

XOR is a puzzle video game created by Astral Software and published by Logotron in 1987 for the Acorn Electron, Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, BBC Micro, Commodore 64, and ZX Spectrum.

Objective
The player controls two shields, Magus and Questor, which can be moved horizontally and vertically though the maze, in order to collect masks. The object of each level is to collect all the masks, then reach the exit. In all levels, use of both shields are required for completion, and in some, one shield must be sacrificed (walled in or destroyed) in order to complete the level.

Force fields
In the first level, the only obstacles except for the maze walls themselves, are two types of force field: one of which can only be entered from above or below, and a second which can only be entered from left or right. In both cases entering the force field destroys it.

Fish and chickens
In subsequent levels, fish and chicken objects are introduced. Fish fall downwards whenever possible, while chickens run to the left if not blocked. Both can destroy the player's shields by hitting them from more than one square away (like rocks in Boulder Dash). Fish and chickens can move through force fields if entering from the appropriate direction. It is also possible to push fish left or right, and chickens up and down.

Bombs
There are two types of bombs in XOR: "V-bombs" ("vertical") and "H-bombs" ("horizontal"). V-bombs move left in the same manner as chickens, while H-bombs (shaped like old-fashioned spherical bombs with a burning fuse) fall downwards like fish. Like fish and chickens, H-bombs can be pushed left and right, and V-bombs can be pushed up or down, by the player's shield.

A bomb explodes when it is hit from more than one square away by a fish, a chicken, or another bomb. The object hitting the bomb is destroyed, along with anything directly above or below a V-bomb, or to the left or to the right of an H-bomb. If one bomb hits another, only the bomb that is hit (the lower or left-hand one) actually detonates.

Dolls
Unlike fish and chickens, dolls cannot move on their own, although the player's shields can push them around the maze. Once a doll is moving it keeps going until it hits an obstacle. Dolls cannot detonate bombs or pass through force fields.

Other objects

 * Map sections: these reveal the layout of part the maze to the player. Masks are highlighted on the map.
 * Frowning masks: these are switches – collecting (or blowing up) one turns off the lighting, causing the maze walls to become invisible, while collecting another turns the lights back on again.
 * Teleportation portals (labelled BMUS, for "Beam Me Up Scotty", in some versions): this moves the player's shield to the other teleportation portal within the maze.

Related releases
XOR Designer allowed players to design their own levels. XOR for Schools included six new mazes and a paper planning sheet, intended to be photocopied by teachers.

Legacy
Unauthorized clones have been released for Windows, Macintosh, Linux, RISC OS, the SAM Coupé, the Game Boy Advance, and Uzebox.

title: XOR (video game)


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George Getty

George Franklin Getty (October 17, 1855 – May 31, 1930) was an American lawyer, pioneer oilman, father of industrialist J. Paul Getty, and patriarch of the Getty family.

Life and career
Getty was born in 1855 in Allegany County, Maryland, to Martha Ann (Wily) and John Getty (1835-1861), who was the son of James Getty and the grandson of another John Getty, a Presbyterian Ulster Scots peasant who immigrated to America and claimed kinship with the namesake of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. However, Robert Lenzner wrote in his book The Great Getty that Gettysburg was founded by the Gettys family, not Getty. Shortly after his birth Getty's family moved from Maryland to Ohio where his father died in 1861. George was forced to work at a young age until his uncle, Joseph Getty, provided funds for him to attend school. He earned a Bachelor of Science from Ohio Northern University in 1879.

Eventually Getty married and attended law school at the University of Michigan Law School and was admitted to the bar. In 1884, George F. Getty moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota where he specialized in insurance and corporate law and made a good living in what was the "flour capital" of America. In 1890 his first child, a daughter, died in a typhoid epidemic that hit the city. In 1892, the Gettys had another child, a son, Jean Paul Getty (later known as J. Paul Getty).

In 1904, the Gettys moved from Minnesota to Oklahoma, where George began a career as an independent oilman. Within two years, he had amassed a fortune from his Minnehoma Oil Company and moved his family to Los Angeles, California. In 1913, George lent his son Jean Paul (then aged 21) money to invest in oil wells. By 1915, Jean Paul had made his first million and the following year George and Jean Paul incorporated the Getty Oil Company, later to become Getty Oil.

George never approved of Jean Paul's lifestyle. Perhaps this is why he did not leave the company in the sole control of his son. George F. Getty died in 1930. He left his estate, in the form of the controlling interest in the family firm "George F. Getty, Inc.", and valued at between $10 million and $15 million U.S. ($ million and $ million, respectively, in ), to his wife Sarah, although Jean Paul Getty became President of the firm.

George Getty II
Jean Paul Getty's eldest son, George Franklin Getty's grandson, was named George Franklin Getty II (1924–1973). He was an executive in the Getty Oil company until his death, which the L.A. County coroner ruled a probable suicide. His residence, Getty House, was then donated to the city, and became the official residence of the serving Mayor of Los Angeles.

title: George Getty


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Stephen Tepper

Stephen Christopher Tepper (born March 10, 1969) is an American former professional ice hockey right wing. He was drafted in the seventh round, 134th overall, by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 1987 NHL Entry Draft. After playing four seasons at the University of Maine, Tepper played one game in the National Hockey League with the Blackhawks during the 1992–93 season on November 5, 1992 against the Toronto Maple Leafs. He was hit directly in the face with a shot, and did not record a point.

He now coaches for the Northstar Youth Hockey Program in Westboro, MA.

title: Stephen Tepper


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Talk:Doxycycline

Alcohol
Can you drink alcohol with this drug 67.22.183.84 (talk) 04:32, 27 January 2024 (UTC)

how to take care of people who are sick of snythlis 102.149.153.152 (talk) 11:09, 11 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Doxycycline


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Talk:Miyagawa Isshō

untitled
I am having a hard time finding a Japanese source regarding this "Miyagawa Isshō". Is there any Japanese link or any book available as a reference? Would anybody happen to know what the ideograms for his name are in Japanese? By the way would anybody have some primary source regarding these depictions being homoerotical rather than hetero? PHG 11:06, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I have come up with this: 宮川一笑 here.
 * As for the gender issue, I am not sure why the question arises. In light of all the primary material that has come out of Japan in the past generation, and the clear iconographical conventions of same-sex sexuality, the signifiers are clear and need no further corroboration. Haiduc 15:13, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It can be difficult to tell the difference between wakashu (youths) and women in such images, but there are, as Haiduc says, some clear signifiers. Hairstyle is one of them, as is the wearing of a purple band in the hair.  The only one that is ambiguous as far as I'm concerned is the one in the top right corner.  The hairstyle and kimono look feminine to me, but then that's not necessarily a reliable indicator that the wearer was female.  Exploding Boy 15:49, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Thank you. Just trying to understand and make sure the descriptions are valid. Thank you for the iconographical explanations. I've also found a site which describes the purple band, and the explanation is very convincing indeed. 1) Is such iconographical information available anywhere on Wikipedia, or should we add a "iconography" section in the Shunga article? I would love to have a section "Iconographical expression of "Nanshoku Shunga"", or maybe even an article on "Nanshoku Shunga". 2) By the way, is there a specific name in Japanese for homoerotical Shunga besides the above "Nanshoku Shunga"? 3) Could anyone describe what makes the woman hairstyle specific to an male onnagata rather than just a woman, as in the picture on the right? With a reference is possible.

4) On most of these images, the man is described as a samurai. How do you tell the difference with a regular Japanese man? As far as I understand, the only clear picture of a samurai is the one with a katana (lower right), but you point out the absence of a male signifier for his partner. What does make it a "Nanshoku" scene then?

Haiduc, no denying Nanshoku etc..., but Wikipedia images, as well as our Wikipedia texts need to be referenced. If a Shunga image is homoerotical it should be very clearly labeled as such, but when there is no specific identifier that distinguishes it from regular Shunga, it probably should not be labeled as homoerotical.PHG 21:56, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for the Fiorelly link, he is always very illuminating. PHG, I have come to realize that the problem here is not so much whether an image is nanshoku style or not. With the possible exception of the image flagged by Exploding Boy (which is contextualized by its location in the initial position of a hand scroll consisting exclusively of homoerotic images linked in a hinted story line sequence (I can post the rest if you like), the images I have posted are unequivocally of same-sex trysts. To my mind it seems as sensible to require further corroboration of that as it is to go after all the geisha pictures and require that they be referenced as female since they could - to an unpracticed eye - be confused with onnagata.
 * No, what may not be defensible is any generalized description of all these as trysts between onnagata and samurai, as you correctly point out in your (4). Perhaps we should get some additional opinions here, if we can find qualified editors, on the possible occupations of the older partners. But nanshoku is not the exclusive domain of the samurai, so the elder's occupational status has no bearing on the gendering of the images.
 * As for the other points you raised, I am not aware of any term describing male shunga exclusively. And as far as an iconographical section, I think it is a very good idea, but I am not sure I can speak with sufficient authority, I still have a great deal to learn myself. Haiduc 23:04, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The reference to "samurai" is a constant problem with these types of images on Wikipedia; the presence of a chon-mage hairstyle is not sufficient evidence of samurai status, and in the absence of swords it's impossible to tell or unlikely that the person pictured is a samurai. In all liklihood, most of the men pictured are merchants/townsmen.

 * Onnagata were not the only ones who wore purple headbands (and I'm not sure I agree totally with Fiorelli's explanation). Wakashu who were kabuki actors would also wear them, since at certain periods all kabuki actors were required to shave their forelocks, which were a major indicator of wakashu status.  Not every young person pictured in these images is an onnagata; I'd venture to say that probably none of them is.  Anyway, shudo was about male youths, not onnagata.

 * Youths and young women often look very similar in this tradition--even the clothing is often similar; that doesn't mean that the youths are onnagata.

 * Exploding Boy 04:53, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Miyagawa Isshō


text: User talk:213.176.78.9

title: User talk:213.176.78.9


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Labor market of Japan

The labor force in Japan numbered 65.9 million people in 2010, which was 59.6% of the population of 15 years old and older, and amongst them, 62.57 million people were employed, whereas 3.34 million people were unemployed which made the unemployment rate 5.1%. The structure of Japan's labor market experienced gradual change in the late 1980s and continued this trend throughout the 1990s. The structure of the labor market is affected by: 1) shrinking population, 2) replacement of postwar baby boom generation, 3) increasing numbers of women in the labor force, and 4) workers' rising education level. Also, an increase in the number of foreign nationals in the labor force is foreseen.

As of 2019, Japan's unemployment rate was the lowest in the G7 Its employment rate for the working-age population (15-64) was the highest in the G7.

By 2021 the size of the labor force changed to 68.60 million, a decrease of 0.08 million from the previous year. Viewing by sex, the male labor force was 38.03 million, a decrease of 0.20 million, and the female labor force was 30.57 million, an increase of 0.13 million. The % of employed people increased to 62.1% from that of 59.6% in 2010. Breaking it by sex, the ratio of employed males was 71.3%, a decrease of 0.1 percent points from the previous year, and the ratio of the labor force of females was 53.5%, an increase of 0.3 percent points.

In 2021, the labor force aged 15-64 was 59.31 million, a decrease of 0.15 million. Viewing by sex, the male labor force aged 15-64 was 32.52 million, a decrease of 0.20 million, and the female labor force aged 15-64 was 26.79 million, an increase of 0.06 million.

The labor force participation rate of those aged 15-64 was 80.1%, an increase of 0.5 percent points. Viewing by sex, the participation rate of males aged 15-64 was 86.7%, an increase of 0.2 percent points.

Character
The basic Japanese employment structure is known as "Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates" and "ranking hierarchy", which includes seniority wages and lifetime employment. It allows employees to learn broad skills to achieve in long-term perspective through job rotation and on-the-job training which is likely to be firm-specific. Since Japanese firms develop firm-specific skills throughout long-term employment, it is difficult to enter the internal labor market which is only open to new graduates from high school or university, or those who can be competitive in the market with their special qualification or knowledge. This internal market worked well in Japanese firms.

However, Japan has shifted to US-type regulation and capitalism after the burst of economic bubble, and Japanese firms have introduced two developments: 1) performance-related pay, and 2) non-regular employment such as part-time, temporary and hiring through human resource agencies.

Performance-related pay requires short-term evaluation of employees' performance, which means that wage could reflect immediate job performance rather than the skills over the long-term. This could have negative effect on the long-term development. It was suggested that this system cannot be efficacious for typical Japanese firms where skill-based wages motivate employees to gain experience and build their abilities. However, the notion of non-regular employment was introduced by the employer's association Nikkeiren and has been promoted since the 1990s. The principal reason of innovation in flexible staffing is not for flexibility but economizing labor costs. Non-regular employees are common in the retailing and restaurant sectors: 44.3% in retailing and 63.4% in restaurant/hotel industry compared to 17.7% in construction and 21.4% in manufacturing industry in 2004.

Demographic impact

Japan is now facing a shortage of labor caused by two major demographic problems: a shrinking population because of a low fertility rate, which was 1.4 per woman in 2009, and replacement of the postwar generation which is the biggest population range who are now around retirement age. Employers find hiring a big challenge because of the labor shortage, together with the risk aversion nature of Japanese people. These challenges multiply if the company does not have a big brand name or wishes to hire bilingual people with Japanese and English language skills.

The population aged over 15 to 64 years old is 63.7% (80,730 thousand people) of the total population; most of them are considered as productive population who work and support those who are too old or too young to work, while the percentage of the population aged 65 and over is 23.1% of the total population in 2011 This impacts the shortage of labor in the physical care of the aged people, and Japanese government started bring in care workers from overseas which is managed by bilateral agreements with Indonesia and the Philippines.

Recently, Japan has seriously considered introducing "foreign workers" to the nation twice. The first was in the late 1980s, when there was the labor shortage because of the economic boom, however it was forgotten when the economy worsened. The second started in 1999 since the labor shortage caused by demographic change

According to Shinzo Abe in Davos in 2019, while Japan's labor force decreased by 4.5 million in the past six years, the employment of women and elderly people each increased by 2 million. With a shortage of work force, Japan has been trying to supplement the labor market with higher female participation. Socially, Japanese society has been reversing the traditional norms of domestic housewives, as more and more women are encouraged to work. Institutionally, Japanese government has been making efforts to close the wage gap and offer better family policies, as part of womenomics proposed under Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in 2013. Employment wise, female labor-participation rate has gone up from 62.7% in 1997, to 70.1% in 2015. Yet a significant portion of female workers are participating in low wage and part-time jobs, while the wage gap was still the third highest in OECD countries in 2017 and women still felt limited in career development.

Another changing demographic of Japanese labor market is higher elder participation. As the share of population 65 and above jumped from 10% in 1990 to 26.6 percent in 2015, the elderly component of the workforce rose from 7.8% in 2006 to 11.8% in 2016. On one hand, many elders are retired workers that are rehired to the work force as an irregular employee, which account for the majority of workers between 65 and 69. On the other hand, the regular and irregular employee structure can limit potentially higher elder participation, as "irregular" positions can be insecure and lower paying. As many elders still need to supplement their post-retirement income, the aged worker participation may continue to rise, as 42% of employees above 60 suggest they would like to continue working as long as able.

Workers' changing attitudes
The success of corporations in Japan is attributable to the remarkable motivation of its workers. Also behind this corporate prosperity is the workers' strong sense of loyalty to and identification with their employers. While many theories have evolved to explain the extraordinary attitude of Japanese workers, perhaps the most noteworthy is that of personnel management. This view holds that loyalty to the company has developed as a result of job security and a wage system in which those with the greatest seniority reap the highest rewards. Such corporate structure presumably fostered not only a determined interest in the company but also a low percentage of workers who changed jobs.

During the postwar economic reconstruction, the backbone of the labor force was, of course, made up of people born before World War II. These people grew up in a Japan that was still largely an agriculturally based economy and had little material wealth. Moreover, they had suffered the hardships of war and had accepted hard work as a part of their lives. In the late twentieth century, these people were being replaced by generations born after the war, and there were indications that the newcomers had different attitudes toward work. Postwar generations were accustomed to prosperity and were also better educated than their elders.

As might be expected, these socioeconomic changes have affected workers' attitudes. Prior to World War II, surveys indicated that the aspect of life regarded as most worthwhile was work. During the 1980s, the percentage of people who felt this way was declining. Workers' identification with their employers was weakening as well. A survey by the Management and Coordination Agency revealed that a record 2.7 million workers changed jobs in the one-year period beginning October 1, 1986, and the ratio of those who switched jobs to the total labor force matched the previous high recorded in 1974 (one year after the first oil crisis). This survey also showed that the percentage of workers indicating an interest in changing jobs increased from 4.5 percent in 1971 to 9.9 percent in 1987.

Another indication of changing worker attitudes is the number of people meeting with corporate scouts to discuss the possibility of switching jobs. Corporations' treatment of older workers also affects attitudes: there are fewer positions for older workers, and many find themselves without the rewards that their predecessors had enjoyed.

Workers from overseas
Traditionally, Japan has had strict laws regarding the employment of foreigners, although exceptions were made for certain designated activities, provided that the workers have attended a Japanese university and have a high level of Japanese-language proficiency. Excepted categories have included executives and managers engaged in commercial activities, full-time scholars associated with research and education institutions, professional entertainers, engineers and others specializing in advanced technology, foreign-language teachers, and others with special skills unavailable among Japanese nationals. In 2019, restaurant, retail shop, and factory production line workers were added to the list. Officially, in 2008 there were 486,400 foreign workers in Japan: 43.3% of Chinese, 20.4% of Brazilians, 8.3% of Filipinos and others (A labor Ministry survey of Companies). More recent studies suggest that Japan has struggled to attract potential migrants despite immigration laws being relatively lenient (especially for high-skilled workers) compared to other developed countries. This is also apparent when looking at Japan's work visa program for "specified skilled worker", which had less than 400 applicants, despite an annual goal of attracting 40,000 overseas workers, suggesting Japan faces major challenges in attracting migrants compared to other developed countries. A Gallup poll found that few potential migrants wished to migrate to Japan compared to other G7 countries, consistent with the country's low migrant inflow.

Despite the now-reversed upward trend in the unemployment rate, many unpopular jobs go unfilled and the domestic labor market is sluggish. Imported labor is seen as a solution to this situation by some employers, who hire low-paid foreign workers, who are, in turn, enticed by comparatively high Japanese wages. The strict immigration laws are expected to remain on the books, however, although the influx of illegal aliens from nearby Asian countries (China, South-East Asian and Middle-Eastern countries) to participate in the labor market is likely to increase. Japanese companies have also established foreign subsidiaries to profit from low wages overseas. This trend started in Singapore in the 1970s. The outsourcing helped to build local infrastructure and started a technological transfer, and some of the former subsidiaries and joint ventures developed into fierce competitors.

China and Vietnam
China has become an exporter of labor to Japan to perform low wage "3K" jobs: Kitsui (demanding), Kitanai (dirty), and Kiken (dangerous). Chinese workers are hired by Chinese companies which contract with Japanese industry to provide labor. The Japanese government facilitates the import of labor under the Technical Intern Training Program administered by the Japan International Training Cooperation Organization (JITCO). Hours are long, pay sub-standard, and the freedom of the workers while in Japan is restricted. The Chinese or Vietnamese workers customarily pay a substantial sum to enter the programs and may have to make a substantial deposit as a guarantee that once in Japan they will work for the assigned employer, nevertheless, once in Japan, a number abandon the program and seek illegal employment in Japan, only the most exploitive being available. There is also a substantial number of workers from Vietnam.

Brazil
Japanese-Brazilians are descendants of Japanese who have immigrated to Brazil. They were discovered as a new labor source around 1990 and around one fifth of them now reside in Japan, which increased even after the collapse of the bubble economy in 1990. They are mainly located in two less appreciated sectors: 1) comparatively stable but low wage level in small to medium size factories troubled by constant labor shortage, and 2) highly unstable in medium to large size firms needing flexible staffing. The employers prefer Japanese-Brazilians to undocumented workers for racial or ethnocultural reasons. Earlier migrants were relatively fluent in Japanese, and caused less xenophobic reaction in factories. Undocumented workers tend to find jobs based on their personal networks whereas Brazilians do so through institutionalized channels, including recruiting agencies, and are paid more.

During 2009, the national unemployment reached 5.7%, which is considerably high in Japan, especially in the manufacture industry which congregates in Tōkai region, where estimated 83,000 of Japanese-Brazilians and Peruvians work in the industry. In April, the Japanese government budgeted 1.08 billion yen (valued 1.08 million US dollar in 2009) for Japanese-Brazilian immigrant workers for training, including Japanese language lesson, but also offered 300,000 yen (average wage of 18 to 39 years old in manufacture industry is 241,200 yen ) to any unemployed workers who wished to leave the country and 200,000 yen each to their family members on the condition of not returning to Japan within 3 years with the same status

United States
In the 1980s, the strong Japanese yen allowed Japanese companies to buy several American firms, adding a large American workforce to Japanese companies. The crisis of the 1990s, the lost decade, reversed the process, and western companies were buying major stakes in big Japanese companies, especially car makers. The process became like that of the 1980s by the early 2000s, when the country experienced a major recovery under the Prime Minister Koizumi administration. During that time, western stakes were greatly reduced or eliminated.

title: Labor market of Japan


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Jews outside Europe under Axis occupation

Jews outside Europe under Axis occupation suffered greatly during World War II.

Although there is not unanimity among historians on this point, historian Matthew Ghobrial Cockerill writes that "The purported evidence for planned extermination operations outside of Europe is unpersuasive."

In European North Africa
There were 400,000 Jews in France on the other side of the Mediterranean in North Africa (French Algeria, which was an integral part of metropolitan France, the French Protectorate in Morocco and the French protectorate of Tunisia). They were included in the number relevant to "the Final Solution to the Jewish Question in Europe" under: "France/unoccupied territory 700,000 (see Sir Martin Gilbert's the Dent Atlas of the Holocaust, p. 99)

Like the Jews of Denmark, the Jews of Europe's four territories in North Africa were spared the mass deportations that happened in some countries and territories under Nazi occupation or in the German sphere of influence.

Jews of Italian Libya
Libya was under Italian rule. The Jews, who were British and Italian subjects, suffered from antisemitism and economic restrictions as a result of the strengthening of Italy's relationship with Germany. From 1942, laws of racial discrimination were activated in Libya. Men between the ages of 18 and 45 were recruited to forced labor, including at camps like Giado, and thousands died from hunger and epidemics. In February of that year, the Germans ordered the transfer of the Jews to concentration camps.

Jews of Vichy Algeria
Vichy France (that ruled in Algeria from 1940) cancelled the citizenship of the Jews and instituted the same restrictions that applied to the Jews in metropolitan France. It forbade them from working for the government or as bankers, teachers and students. In addition, the number of Jews permitted to work in free professions was limited. In 1941, the property of the Jews was confiscated however Islamic religious leaders throughout Algiers delivered sermons warning Muslims against participation in schemes to strip Jews of their property. The suffering of the Jews of Algeria was worsened by their previous high position in society. In 1941, some Jews joined the anti-Nazi underground. Many Jews were caught and were sent to labor camps or were executed. The Judenräte required assistance in preparation of materiel. In November 1942 Algeria was liberated by Anglo-American forces. In 1943, the restraints on the Jews of Algeria were officially cancelled.

Jews of Vichy Tunisia
Tunisia was also ruled by pro-Nazi Vichy France, which extended its anti-Jewish measures to Morocco and Algeria. In November 1942 Nazi Germany occupied French Tunisia for six months, until May 1943. SS Oberstrumbannführer Walter Rauff, a brutal and notorious killer involved in the development of death gas vans and the Final Solution in Eastern Europe, was posted as commander of Tunis. From July 1942 until May 1943, he headed an Einsatzkommando to take care of the Jewish Question in Tunisia, and to continue to implement the Final Solution in Vichy Tunisia. Oswald Pohl, charged by Himmler to organize the camps in Eastern Europe, joined him. Despite constant attacks by the Allies, Rauff instigated drastic anti-Jewish policies.

The Nazis established a local Judenrat, took hostages, confiscated the property of the Jews (aryanization) and imposed on the community heavy financial punishments. The community was required to provide the needs of the German army, and the synagogue become a German storeroom. The Jews were marked with the yellow badge, 5,000 Jews were sent to more than 30 slave labor camps in Tunisia and a few were sent to the extermination camps. Many Jews were murdered by means of being shot in their homes, death marches, hunger, disease and bombings.

Jews of Vichy Morocco
In 1940, the Nazi-controlled Vichy government issued antisemitic decrees excluding Jews from public functions and imposing the wear of the yellow Star of David. Sultan Mohamed V refused to apply these laws and, as sign of defiance, insisted on inviting all the rabbis of Morocco to the 1941 throne celebrations.

Jews of Iraq
While not under occupation by Nazi Germany, Iraq was, for a short term, under the Nazi-allied regime of Rashid Ali al-Gaylani. While the regime did not last long, the Farhud (a pogrom in which 180 Jews died) is considered among its results.

Jews in Japan and China
Prior to the war there was a small Jewish presence in Japan, particularly Kobe, which consisted of Jews originating predominantly from Russia, as well as those from the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and the United States. In Japanese-occupied China there was a more significant Jewish population, including White Russian refugees and Baghdadi Jews. As Jewish persecution in Europe stepped up, an increasing number of refugees travelled to China by steamship or had transited through the Soviet Union and were hoping to move on to the United States. Most of these Jews were concentrated in the Shanghai International Settlement.

When Japan entered the war, many Jews were interned, including the Baghdadi Jews who were identified as British subjects. The Japanese implemented strict measures to control the activities of the Shanghai ghetto, which was restricted in 1943 to a one square mile city block shared with 100,000 Chinese. However despite repeated requests from Nazi Germany to implement antisemitic policies, including exterminating the Jewish population in the Shanghai ghetto, the Jewish population was generally left alone (apart from wartime privations).

Jews in Vichy French Indochina
As late as 1939, the estimated combined population of the Jewish communities of Haiphong, Hanoi, Saigon and Tourane in French Indochina numbered approximately 1,000 individuals. There were also reportedly eighty Jews in Tonkin during the period of Vichy rule, of which forty-nine were in the military and twenty-seven were in the foreign legion.

In 1940 the antisemitic Vichy French Law on the status of Jews was implemented in French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos) by its Governor Jean Decoux. In November 1940, Jewish people were limited to certain professions, and in July 1941 Jewish children were not allowed to be more than 2% of public school students. By October 1942, fifteen government employees were dismissed from their positions for being Jewish (among the fifteen was Suzanne Karpelès, the director of the Buddhist Institutes in Phnom Penh and Vientiane), and Jews were "fired from a wide range of professions, from banking to the insurance, advertising, administration and business sectors." One such individual, Leo Lippmann, the former director of the Hanoi tram company, was dismissed from his position even after resigning from his post to assume a lesser position. However, since he had been categorized as a Jew because he had two Jewish grandparents and a Jewish wife, Lipmann divorced and no longer fell under the Jewish Statute. When it was deemed by state officials that the statute would have an adverse effect upon their racial Vichy motives for the region – such as the case of Georges Coedès, an employee at the government sponsored École française d'Extrême-Orient (French School of the Far East), who was deemed useful by the resident superior of Tonkin – an exemption to the discriminatory laws could be made. The anti-Jewish laws were repealed in January 1945.

Jews in Vichy French Syria and Lebanon
Although reports differ, there were roughly 30,000 Jews in Syria and 20,000 in Lebanon at the beginning of World War II. Following the Fall of France in June 1940 and the establishment of the Vichy Government, the situation for these Jews drastically deteriorated. The new anti-Jewish laws of Vichy were extended to the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon. Henri Dentz, High Commissioner in Syria, intended to establish concentration camps, but the British and Free French forces took over the territory before he could. Nonetheless, a prison camp for European Jews under the mandate was established in the mountains, although it was later shut down by the Allies. Around 1,350 Syrian Jews escaped to Palestine in a complicated operation as part of the Aliyah effort. In 1941, Charles de Gaulle officially annulled the anti-Jewish legislation in Syria and Lebanon.


text:
User talk:Woohookitty/Archivevfd

transwikied VfDs
Great! Thank you for the heads-up. I'll go and update those articles' entries right now. I'm happy to see you closing vfd discussions, as that's one of those thankless jobs that never ends. Thanks and keep it up! --Dmcdevit 03:18, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

VFD Peter Chapman
You seem to have closed out Votes for deletion/Peter Chapman without deleting the article. Thanks. Leithp 07:21, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

Simpson nudity
Hi there! Don't let a single incident discourage you. We're still happy to have you around as an admin, and you could still do VFD closure if you want (it has a large backlog, too, so your help would be appreciated). We're all human here and we all make a mistake every now and then. As long as we're willing to admit that and learn from it, the Wiki will prosper. Yours, Radiant_ >|< 08:11, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, I do, unless the nominator explicitly says otherwise. From the fact that someone nominates an article for deletion, it can reasonably be inferred that said person wants said article deleted. It would be instruction creep to force nominator to add a boldened 'delete' tag. For the same reason, 'merge' can be treated as 'merge and redirect', etc. Personally I believe that people voting 'redirect' usually mean 'delete and replace with redirect' but this has proven to be controversial. Radiant_ >|< 08:32, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * And "transwiki" counts as "transwiki and delete" unless otherwise stated. Oops, this isn't my conversation! Well, I was just going to second Radiant's support and say that I must be psychic because I had already encouraged you above without even knowing you were in this controversy (if that's what it is). Then I clicked on edit and saw Rad's second comment. Anyway, praise is a cheap thing, so I thought I'd just give you some more of it! --Dmcdevit·t 08:38, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

I have to say that if you are easily phased by being accused of making controversial decisions, then VfD is not really the place to learn adminship. Saying that, you used your judgement, and someone disagrees with it - happens to me all the time. Don't let it stop you from doing what you want to do as an admin. -- Francs2000 | Talk 14:21, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Here's another "me too" message of support (even though I voted to undelete). I understand the judgment call you made. Hang in there and do some more VfD closures – there are a lot more that are less controversial than this one, and we have far too few admins closing out clear deletes, as evidenced by the way the backlog grows sometimes... A и D я 01D TALK EMAIL 21:22, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * There there, kitty. =) · Katefan0(scribble) 21:23, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * purrr...

VFD/Wikipedia:Sandbox/Chess
Will you explain to me why you put "no consensus" on this when it was 14-13 with keep having the most votes. Even though that is close, it is still not a tie vote. -Hoekenheef 14:17, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

VFD/Wikipedia:Knutsford Services
Hello! A user is creating meanless stub articles for each of the motorway rest points in the UK, which is kind of ridiculous. As I said on the VfD regarding them:
 * If someone has something to say about a high school, railway station, service station or phone box- and the information is noteworthy and worthwhile- then the article should remain. this however does not mean a stub should be created for each of these entities extant in the world on the off chance someone will write the article. Remember, this is an encyclopedia. Leonig Mig 29 June 2005 22:35 (UTC)

There are certain articles which do pass this 'noteworthy and worthwhile' standard, such as Watford Gap (I think the first such station in the UK.

However, obviously, to just make a stub for such a prosaic structure is kind of dumb, as the voting on the VfD reflected:

* Abstain : 1 * Keep : 13 * Delete : 6 * Merge : 19

Now, given the nature of the VfD, you can actaully group merge and delete together as votes which express the attitude that meaningless stubs are not necessary for each of these gas stations extant in the UK (this is very much the critical issue at stake, and why i marked for deletion in the first place.)

* Abstain                  : 1 * Keep meanlingless stubs  : 13 * Remove meanlingless stubs : 25

Now, I don't know how you assess consensus, what criteria you apply, but that seems straight cut to me- however you have sided with retaining the articles, despite a) being against wikipedia policy (check out the Knutsford services, there is no meaningful content) and b) being against a convincing majority vote by interested wikipedians over the course of over a week.

What are your thoughts! - I would like to see the meangless stubs removed, and interested users contribute to a general article. However the user who initally created the articles has taken your comment at to be a vindication and has continued to create articles for the rest of the service areas in the UK, as well as separate catagories   for each motorway.

Again, given the consensus was very much against the further creation of these articles, your decision to support the creation of tens and tens more of these stubs seems odd. Thanks. Leonig Mig 21:58, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your response on my user page, I understand you need to be as neutral as possible. I am sorry if I seem to be "berating" you as another user has accused me of, I just wanted a little discussion of the decision - I am a new user and value your response. Leonig Mig 13:33, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Quick note
Don't mean to bother you, but it looks like you forgot to delete Spoon feeding after closing the discussion. No big deal. Carry on! --Dmcdevit·t 08:46, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

When you closed the debate over "Cardboardia" you deleted the debate instead of the article. I have undeleted the debate (and deleted the article). We all can make that type of mistake, carry on with your good work. Sjakkalle (Check!)  12:55, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * 'sno problem. It happens way more than you think. Although I wonder, is there a reason it is easier to delete the articles all at the end instead of just as you close each discussion? I always figured it was just a button like "edit" or something. --Dmcdevit·t 21:00, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, never mind then. I had assumed that you were closing them all first, then going back to delete them all afterwards, and that's why you forgot one. But whatever, never mind. Sorry to disturb your cleanup in action! :)

Nudity in The Simpsons
Hiya (and congrats on your adminship.) You might want to look at WP:VFU; you'll find that people get very noisy when admins delete articles which were VfD'd but did not reach a consensus to delete. A tie is not a deletion consensus, regardless of the weakness or strength of the keep votes. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 20:08, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

My two cents: If you made a mistake or not, don't worry about it. I've been doing WP:CFD for a few months, and people can get just as noisy there when they think I screwed up. Just do what you think is right. Because no matter what you do, someone will get their knickers in a twist. --Kbdank71 20:48, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You have a good point there. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 00:55, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

--Dmcdevit·t 21:10, July 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * That's the best you got? Maybe you should do some more speedies. I've tagged some quite funny ones. Actually yesterday I tagged Votes for deletion/Votes for deletion/Votes for deletion/Votes for deletion/Votes for deletion/Votes for deletion/Votes for deletion/Votes for deletion/Votes for deletion/Votes for deletion/Votes for deletion/Meh, that got a laugh. Someone's got a key stuck on their keyboard! --Dmcdevit·t 21:57, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

VFD/Wikipedia:Sandbox/Chess
Thank you for explaining that. -Hoekenheef 14:35, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Closure of VfD on Steve Reich (Army)
Hi Woohookitty. The VfD for this article came up on my watchlist. Your decision says delete, which would seem to be with consensus. However, the article still exists as a redirect to List of casualties of the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, which, IMHO, is not with the consensus. I wonder which you intended to actually do? -Splash 22:19, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
 * You're right; I should have looked in the log before coming here. Still, it was an admin who undeleted it (obvisously), without recourse to VfU; I suppose that was just a misunderstanding? -Splash 23:57, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Reprise: Electric_Universe_model
Hi Woohookitty. Congrats on being accepted for admin. :-)

I'm a relatively inexperienced user of the Wikipedia, so am a little bit confused. In browsing around, I notice that you closed the voting for the Votes For Deletion:Electric Universe Model page. It looks to me like your determination was that no consensus had been reached, and you removed the vfd tag in creating this revision of the article.

But then it appears that Joshuaschroeder about 6 hours later effectively deleted the article anyway, replacing its whole contents with a redirect to a book.

For a non-consensus on a vote-for-deletion, is this appropriate behavior, Woohookitty? Should this article have been wiped like this?

Thanks in advance for your response. -- Furchild 03:16, July 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * Could you please point me to the policy that states that what I did was a big no no? -Joshuaschroeder 04:39, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Besides, I read through the VFD, and - once one discounts the double-votes and the anonymous sockpuppets - the consensus seems pretty clear to me; even the article's creator admitted that it's original research. DS 03:51, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

No concensus?
I question your tabulation of Votes for deletion/Anti-Semitism in Poland results. Could you please explain your no concensus ruling? According to my count, the results were the following: Keep 14, Delete 27, Merge and Redirect 7. Four (4) votes to delete should not be counted due to low voters' contributions. See similar criterium used during the Talk:Gdansk/Vote. IMO the outcome of the vote should be ruled delete.

Keep (14) 1. TheUnforgiven 2. mysekurity 3. Splash 4. Harmil 5. Xoloz 6. Deror 7. Grue 8. Briangotts 9. Kloniumus 10. Falphin 11. TheCoffee 12. GabrielF 13. wayland 14. Goodoldpolonius2

Delete (27) 1. Halibutt 2. Balcer 3. Space Cadet 4. jamesgibbon 5. Ttyre 6. SylwiaS 7. JamesBurns 8. Thorsten1 9. Radiant 10. mikka 11. Tomer 12. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 13. Akumiszcza 14. Ttyre 15. Irishpunktom 16. Pibwl 17. Forseti 18. A.J. 19. Molobo 20. Cautious 21. Lysy 22. Taw 23. Tirid Tirid 24. Schwartz und Weiss 25. Rubezahl 26. V1 27. logologist

Merge and redirect (7) 1. Pburka 2. brenneman 3. Avihu 4. Chris 73 5. Pavel Vozenilek 6. Kpalion 7. mikka

Discounted votes (4) 1. 208.54.14.65, 9 contributions including 3 for VfD 2. Signature unprintable, no other contributions 3. Gilgamesh he, low contributions 4. Hbk3, sock puppet - no other contributions

--Ttyre 15:18, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

I also don't understand why it's no concensus instead of delete, please, check the votes one again. --SylwiaS 15:47, 22 July 2005 (UTC)

VFD - Islamic Term
You incorrectly closed the VFD debate with the decision as Delete. The actual decision was to delete and redirect to List of Islamic terms in Arabic. Please fix this. Thanks. freestylefrappe 01:59, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry to butt in here but I was a voter there (and this page, as you can imagine, is on my watchlist). I disagree; the deletion was correct. I see five delete votes and only two redirect votes. Besides it's not a great name, being miscapitalized. I don't think the consensus lies with a redirect. And your tone here comes off as a little presumptuous and bossy, freestylefrappe. --Dmcdevit·t 02:41, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
 * It seems like a small change to make. My aim was not to boss anyone around but to be succinct. I dont understand what all the fuss is about...the whole motivation for the page being deleted was that its content was an incomplete replica of List of Islamic terms in Arabic. Now whether or not the specific decision of the VFD was to redirect...I could care less. Im not attacking u for not doing it, im simply requesting that u add the redirect. Thanks. freestylefrappe 02:51, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

Totes
The VFD for this article was invalid as the article was altered to the extent that the nominated article and the end result were completely different to each other. Compare this edit (when it was nominated for vfd) to this edit (me removing the vfd tag). In cases where the article has been dramatically altered since the original listing to this same extent it is common practice to disregard the vote in the discussion, which I have done and undeleted the article. I did try to explain that the page had been altered at the vfd debate. -- Francs2000 | Talk 21:29, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Willienator
I think you missed--it hasn't been deleted yet. :) Make this guy's nonsense go away.  --  Etacar11   16:23, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

VfD OnenewsAfrica
I disagree with your decision to remove the VfD from OnenewsAfrica and OneNewsAsia. I feel the copyvio system seems to be backlogged, and that if a page is unable to survive VfD, it should not fall to the copyvio department to deal with. Copyvio should make deletion calls on articles that are on notable topics, but are copyright violations. I think that if an article can be dealt with on VfD, and removed, so much the better. EvilPhoenix talk 00:44, July 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * To me this is splitting hairs a bit. I say that because either way, the page will be deleted. Either way the articles will probably go bye bye. Besides, it's not like there were a ton of votes on either and they had been sitting there for a few days. I can see it your way too but I think that making it a copyvio issue is the right thing to do in this case. And btw, if you think the copyvio page is backlogged now, you haven't seen nothing yet. :) I think this was before you started here, but back in March/April, there were literally 900 items on the copyvio page. The management of it has gotten MUCH better. --Woohookitty 05:21, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * personally I wouldn't mind helping out on copyvio, is there much I can do as a non-admin? EvilPhoenix talk 05:29, July 31, 2005 (UTC)

VFD Nimrod Kamer
You have closed the VFD vote on Nimrod Kamer on the grounds of "The result of the debate was no consensus." I disagree. All votes for "keep" (except Babajobu's) were either by sockpuppets, anonymous people, or users who's first edit was this vote. The majority of real wikipedians voted for deletion. DMTsurel 05:59, 9 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Hello? DMTsurel 05:23, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

Christopher Rose
Hello. You deleted this article as a result of a VfD against it. However, the article had already been deleted by that VfD and rewritten by me, so I think you accidentally deleted an article that had never been VfD'ed. Therefore I am undeleting this article. Let me know if you feel that I've made any error here. Cheers --malathion talk 07:23, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

List of Ultimate Leagues VfD cleanup...
I noticed that you closed out this VfD. Can I get you to also delete List of Ultimate Frisbee leagues, which is now a redirect to an article that doesn't exist? I think this could be safely covered under the VfD. (Note: I voted Keep, but since it got deleted, we might as well do the job right.) Thanks. Wikibofh 17:19, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

Salad Fingers
Hello. I noticed you've closed the VFD on the Salad Fingers theories article, declaring lack of consensus. I'd like to know why, since, unless I counted something wrong, 6 voted to keep it, 5 to merge, and 10 to delete. That doesn't sound like a votation with no consensus.

Thank you.--Kaonashi 02:48, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

 * No, it's alright. Just thought the difference was big enough, even though the opinions seem to be mixed. I also thought it was important to consider the way an article just like that one was already deleted due to VFD before, and somebody, unhappy with that, recreated it.--Kaonashi 06:08, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

2005 Michelle Bachelet Scandals
Could you please explain how you came up with "no consensus" on this when all of the keep votes were either anons or brand new voters? Zoe 19:29, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

Jennifer Vasquez
Hi, you formally closed the Jennifer Vasquez vfd with a "re-direct". However, days before you formally closed it Zoe had effectively ended the process less than half way through by putting in a re-direct unilitaterly and protecting the page (which only just now was unprotected at my request). As a result, nobody could see the vfd message on the page (if they followed a link or typed it in). In other words the people most likely to want the article, didn't see there was a vfd about it. Also, it was not possible for any improvements to be made to the article. There were four "keeps" (plus me would be five). So, with no consensus at 2 days and 8 hours, at a minimum a fresh start is called for. Thanks for your consideration. --rob 21:44, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

2005 Michelle Bachelet Scandals
Hi there FYI, my vote on the VfD for the above was vandalised. I checked the page and the only vote to keep was sockpuppetry and my own altered (originally delete) vote. Could you please revisit this? I think the consensus was clearly in favour of deletion. Also please protect against recreating the article as the (I presume) author clearly has issues. Otherwise we'll have to renominate it for AfD; given the stated preference, that seems unnecessary. Thanks! Dottore So 18:17, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks!! Nice job. ps let Zoe know. Dottore So 05:37, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Delete?
Hey there. You closed Articles for deletion/Hypnoticus as delete, but the pair of articles are still lurking. I'd get them myself, only I was part of the AfD. Thanks. -Splash 14:35, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

Naomi Almeida
Hi Woohookitty! I was a bit in doubt on that VFD debate, because I counted 10 valid delete votes and 5 valid keep votes, which put it at exactly two thirds majority for deletion. In general I put the line at two-thirds, but I make exceptions sometimes, and this debate was an example of that, where I didn't really see a "consensus". Sjakkalle (Check!)  10:30, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

vfd for Nittwits
Hi Woohookitty. I saw that you closed the discussion for deletion of Nittwits, an article I marked for afd as no consensus. By my count, the vote was 3 to 2 including my nomination and the 2 votes against deletion were either from the same person or members of the organization the article was about. One of them was from an anonymous user. I'm still not sure about the logic behind the no consensus vote, but if you could shed some light on it, that would be great. --Jtalledo (talk) 21:05, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Nimrod Kamer
Hi,

Following Lomn's advice, in the talk page of the above atrical, I would like to hear you opinion on the the unregistered/sockpuppet votes that were made in the VfD page. Thanks, Yonidebest 19:08, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

 * FWIW: In particular, 10 of the 11 keep votes are either unregistered users, unsigned, or apparent sockpuppets. The signed keep votes, with two exceptions have a single edit, and it's to the AfD.  One of the two exceptions appears to be a valid user (User:Babajobu and the other has 4 edits, of which 3 are to that AfD.  Wikibofh 19:36, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Woohookitty/Archivevfd


text: Category:Iraqi sportspeople

title: Category:Iraqi sportspeople


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/4.16 Enoch

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was DELETE. — J I P | Talk 09:31, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

4.16 Enoch
A page about a school class. Not even a school, just a class. JoanneB 17:43, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Does anyone apart from your own classmates actually bother about a single class, especially when it is insignificant and is about to break up? This is a public domain and not your school domain. Maybe get your school to host your class website instead? 11:26, 8 October 2005 (UTC) - Lowzeewee
 * Delete for obvious vanity. [[User:Consequencefree| Ardent † ∈ ]] 11:26, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. A class that apparently doesn't even exist any more? Flapdragon 12:10, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Keep this site! It rocks! 4.16 is easily the best class in our school! bucksuck 11:26, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * (preceding unsigned comment by ) . User blanked this page and replaced content with above comment. Reverted and transposed the comment. --GraemeL (talk) 12:34, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as vanity. --GraemeL (talk) 12:34, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * keep. One man's poison is another man's wine. My intention was not to establish this as a "look at me" wiki but i guess it ended up the same. A class. Yes indeed a class, a class not known to you per say but known to a great many else. Perhaps it is beyond you to realise that i have no intent in arguing with you over the existence of this wiki. frankly, it matters not to me but members of my class, school and even country. if, of course, you still feel that your opinion matters more then let it be,--Loke253 12:42, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Above comment was posted blanking all other comments on this page again. --GraemeL (talk) 12:45, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as per nom.  Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   13:34, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, a class of Wikipedia vandals is not notable. -- Egil 15:38, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete -- ( ☺ drini ♫ | ☎ ) 15:49, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Strong Delete NN junk--Rogerd 19:04, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep all Biblical verses Delete. Grutness...  wha?  23:05, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Look, Kappa, a new challenge!! And wouldn't it be nice if even one in a hundred school articles had this much information? (BTW, this vote is entirely facetious, and intended only to provoke. Sorry.) Delete, and I pray that Wikipedia has not come to the point where articles on individual school classes are deemed worthy of inclusion. Denni ☯  00:43, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * That's unfair to Kappa and uncalled-for. Uncle G 04:43, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I second that. --Jacquelyn Marie 23:08, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * You're quite right. It was rude and I apologise. Denni ☯ 23:37, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Junk Extensive SchoolCruft --JAranda | yeah 04:27, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The article cites no sources, and I can find no sources to back up anything at all in the article, even the very existence of its subject. This article is unverifiable.  Presuming that such a class actually exists nonetheless, Wikipedia requires that knowledge about it (such as a detailed history like the one given here) be published elsewhere, other than Wikipedia, first, and be subject to peer review and acceptance by others.  The place for this article is the school's own web site or the author's own web site.  Wikipedia is not a primary source, nor is it a free wiki host. Delete. Uncle G 04:43, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. In what way is this encylopedic? Vegaswikian 05:29, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. A class in the school is not an encyclopedic topic. Sjakkalle (Check!)  07:59, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete as non-notable; nevertheless, I am impressed with the amount of content here! If only people would write this much on notable topics.... --Jacquelyn Marie 23:08, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. A particular class is surely unencylopedic. I consider it to be nonsense and vanity. *drew 10:41, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity Masterhatch 10:52, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete Nonsense, not NPOV, and not notable. Also see 2L 2005 for similar article, also vfd'ed. bjelleklang 17:45, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Torgeir Bryn

Torgeir Bryn (pronounced ; born 19 August 1964) is a Norwegian former professional basketball player. A 6'9" (2.06 m) and 250 lb (113 kg) center born in Oslo, Bryn is notable for being the only Norwegian who has played in the NBA thus far.

United States
In the U.S., Bryn attended MiraCosta Community College (Oceanside, California) and then Southwest Texas State University (San Marcos, Texas), where he played NCAA college basketball. At MiraCosta College Bryn played for Clete Adelman, older brother of NBA coach Rick Adelman. He enjoyed a very brief NBA career during the 1989–90 season; his stint for the Los Angeles Clippers limited to playing ten minutes over three matches in which he scored four points. He also played for several CBA clubs and a USBL club. In the CBA, Bryn played for the Tulsa Fast Breakers, San Jose Jammers, Quad City Thunder, Fort Wayne Fury and Omaha Racers. He averaged 7.1 points in 71 games between 1989 and 1993.

Europe
Bryn also played professionally for a number of European clubs, namely SLBenfica in Portugal and Zalgiris, Kaunas in Lithuania.

Norway
His youth club in Norway was Ammerud Basket. He also had spells for the Oslo Kings (Vålerenga Kings) and Harstad Vikings.

Bryn made a comeback for Ammerud Basket at the age of 43, before the 2007–08 BLNO season. He played together with his son, Martin Bryn.

International career
He is the most capped player for the Norway national basketball team, with 111 matches.

title: Torgeir Bryn


text:
User:Weiguxp

About Me: I am currently a student studying Chemistry in Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, United Kingdom.

title: User:Weiguxp


text:
Glenn Tomalty

Glenn William Tomalty (born July 23, 1954) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre who played in one National Hockey League game for the Winnipeg Jets during the 1979–80 NHL season. His lone game came on November 7, 1979, against the Washington Capitals. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1977 to 1982, was spent in different minor leagues, with one final season playing in Belgium.

Tomalty was born in Lachute, Quebec.

title: Glenn Tomalty


text:
Talk:Euratom

Relationship with the European Union
This article states that Euratom "is legally distinct from the European Union (EU), but has the same membership, and is governed by the EU's institutions." What does this actually mean? The article seems to flip-flop between saying it is part of the EU and saying that it is not. can someone clarify this? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.208.125.122 (talk) 16:46, 27 January 2017 (UTC)

Expansion
What was the practical effect of this treaty. Presumably it was signed in order to effect certain actions ? This description is entirely missing from this article.--jrleighton 06:03, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

I second this; the article needs a description of what the effects and ramifications of Euratom are. There is more description of the (complicated) relationship with the UK than of the effects of Euratom. Unfortunately, I do not possess the expertise to write this. --LostPast, 11 January 2024 — Preceding unsigned comment added by LostPast (talk • contribs) 20:47, 11 January 2024 (UTC)

Both?
Not sure what this sentence is supposed to mean: "In the end, both Monnet proposed the creating of both, as separate communities, to reconcile both groups." Jimjamjak (talk) 10:15, 26 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I rephrased this as follows In the end, Monnet proposed the creation of separate atomic energy and economic communities, to reconcile both groups in an attempt to clarify this sentence.Khajidha (talk) 00:01, 10 January 2009 (UTC)

First line
The first sentence in the Introduction is completely contradictory: ...an international organisation which is semi-independent of, but completely controlled by, the European Com... How can something be any level of independent if it is "completely" controlled by something else? Picky? Yes, I know. Sorry. ScottyMull (talk) 05:40, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

Actually, i am afraid, the sentence is not true. EURATOM does share some institutions with the EU (eg Commission) but not others (eg Foreign Minister (HRUFASP)) Legally it is at the same level as EU. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.161.203.115 (talk) 20:19, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

Establishing Severe Penalties For Officials Who Target Civilians
In the history of European regulation, Article 37 of the Euratom Treaty represents pioneering legislation concerning binding transfrontier obligations with respect to environmental impact and protection of humans. This shall include the enforcement of severe penalties for officials who target civilians. A section in the article should point out existing legislation protecting European civilians from European officials illegally working for the United states. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.96.21.106 (talk) 15:50, 5 November 2011 (UTC)

Association Agreement with Ukraine
The article should be updated to include the association agreement with Ukraine. Demdem (talk) 10:30, 6 February 2018 (UTC)

EU Flag
Why does this article use the EU flag when the text clearly states with citations that this treaty predates the EU and is independent of it.

EES
that is EES EAEC ? --Tpyvvikky (talk) 15:24, 14 September 2021 (UTC)

Requested move 9 December 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) Tol  (talk | contribs) @ 03:47, 25 December 2022 (UTC)

European Atomic Energy Community → Euratom – Per WP:COMMONNAME. PhotographyEdits (talk) 17:11, 9 December 2022 (UTC) — Relisting. Tol  (talk | contribs) @ 04:26, 17 December 2022 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Support per nom. Shwcz (talk) 01:27, 18 December 2022 (UTC)

UK and EURATOM
Can someone update the map to exclude the UK as they are not a member of EURATOM or ITER as per press releases: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2023/sep/07/rishi-sunak-uk-europe-horizon-erasmus-conservatives-labour-uk-politics-latest?page=with:block-64f9df318f086d013616d0ad and https://sciencebusiness.net/news/horizon-europe/its-official-uk-associate-horizon-europe — Preceding unsigned comment added by MrBobathing (talk • contribs) 19:43, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Euratom


text: Category:Architecture firms of the United Kingdom


text:
User talk:Anilocra III

Please stop removing content from Wikipedia that people have worked hard to create. It is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. --JoanneB 11:15, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. --JoanneB 11:18, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

See User talk:Anilocra II for previous vandalism and warnings. Qaz ( talk ) 11:22, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * User blocked indefinitely for vandalism. Rama 11:37, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Anilocra III


text:
Kirk Tomlinson

Kirk H. Tomlinson (born May 2, 1968) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre who played in one National Hockey League game for the Minnesota North Stars during the 1987–88 NHL season.

As a youth, he played in the 1981 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Toronto Young Nationals minor ice hockey team.

He is also a former head coach in the West Coast Hockey League, United Hockey League, and Central Hockey League.

title: Kirk Tomlinson


text:
Sean Toomey

Sean Justin Toomey (born June 27, 1965 in Saint Paul, Minnesota) is an American former professional ice hockey center. He was drafted in the seventh round, 136th overall by the Minnesota North Stars in the 1983 NHL Entry Draft. He played one National Hockey League game with the North Stars in the 1986–87 season, on March 7, 1987 against the Pittsburgh Penguins, going scoreless. Toomey later played three seasons in Europe, retiring in 1991.

title: Sean Toomey


text:
Martin Browning

Martin James Browning (born 1946) is Professor of Economics at the University of Oxford, Oxford, England, a Fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford, a Fellow of the Econometric Society, and an emeritus Fellow of the European Economic Association.

Education
Browning received his undergraduate education at the London School of Economics and his doctorate from Tilburg University.

Career
He was previously the Director of the Center for Applied Microeconometrics at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Before the appointment at University of Copenhagen, he was a professor at McMaster University, Canada.

Research
His work is in microeconomic analysis, with emphasis in the empirical assessments of theoretical propositions. He has worked in the areas of intrahousehold decision making; demand analysis; consumption and saving, and its interaction with labor supply. An important part of his work concerns the empirical assessment of rationality through the concept of revealed preference, and the modeling of individual heterogeneity in applied work.

title: Martin Browning


text:
User:Anilocra III

I am Anilocra III and I do edits on request of User:Pasboudin and User:Willy on Wheels I created this account because I forgot the password to Anilocra II.

title: User:Anilocra III


text:
Brock Tredway

Brock R. Tredway (born June 23, 1959) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey winger. On April 19, 1982 during the 1981–82 season,he played one playoff game in the National Hockey League with the Los Angeles Kings against the Vancouver Canucks. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1981 until 1986, was mainly spent in the American Hockey League.

Biography
As a youth, Tredway played in the 1972 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Scarborough, Toronto.

A 1981 graduate of Cornell University, he played four seasons with the Cornell Big Red and was a member of the Quill and Dagger society. Tredway holds a number of all-time Cornell Career records including Goals Scored (113), Game Winning Goals (15), Hat Tricks (13),and Power Play Goals (46).

After graduation, Tredway joined the American Hockey League's New Haven Nighthawks. He played one game in the National Hockey League with the Los Angeles Kings during the 1982 Stanley Cup Playoffs.

title: Brock Tredway


text:
Randy Turnbull

Randy Layne Turnbull (born February 7, 1962) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played one game in the National Hockey League with the Calgary Flames during the 1981–82 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1981 to 1988, was spent in the minor leagues. He was primarily known as a tough guy. In his role as an enforcer, he was a feared role player in the juniors and minor leagues.

Born in Red Deer, Alberta, Turnbull played major junior hockey for the Portland Winter Hawks. He was drafted in the fifth round (97th overall) by the Calgary Flames of the 1980 NHL Entry Draft.

title: Randy Turnbull


text:
User talk:TheBadAstronomer

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Merovingian (t) (c) 11:18, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:TheBadAstronomer


text:
Category talk:Executive agencies of the United Kingdom government

Cleanup note: this category contains a mishmash of Executive agencies and other types of public body. It needs tidying SP-KP 11:19, 8 October 2005 (UTC)


text:
Category:Presbyterian Church of Australia

The Presbyterian Church of Australia was formed in 1901 when various state based Presbyterian Churches federated. Prior to 1977 some congregations left the denomination because of the prevalence of liberal theology in the church. In 1977 many congregations left the Presbyterian Church of Australia and joined the newly formed Uniting Church in Australia, leaving a conservative dominated church.


text:
Sibyrtius

Sibyrtius (Σιβύρτιος Sivyrtios; lived 4th century BC) was a Greek officer from Crete in the service of Alexander the Great, who was the satrap of Arachosia and Gedrosia shortly after the death of Alexander until about 303 BC.

After serving in Alexander's army for a number of years, Sibyrtius was appointed by Alexander, on his return from India (326 BCE), governor of the province of Carmania. Shortly after, Sibyrtius exchanged this post for the more important satrapy of Arachosia and Gedrosia, to which he succeeded on the death of Thoas (Θόας).

Following the death of Alexander in 323, Sibyrtius, in common with most of the other governors of the remote eastern provinces, retained possession of his satrapy, which was again confirmed to him in the second partition at Triparadisus in 321.

In the subsequent divisions involving the eastern satraps, Sibyrtius was one of those who supported Peucestas against Peithon and Seleucus, and afterwards accompanied Peucestas when he joined Eumenes in Susiana in 317. His attachment was to Peucestas and not to Eumenes, and in Peucestas' subsequent intrigues against his commander-in-chief, Sibyrtius supported him so strongly that he incurred Eumenes' strong resentment, who threatened to bring him to trial; a fate from which he only escaped by a hasty flight.

Sibyrtius' open rupture with Eumenes had the advantage of securing him the favour of Antigonus, who, after the defeat of his rival, confirmed Sibyrtius in his satrapy, and placed under his command a large part of the select body of troops termed Argyraspids. Antigonus adopted this measure with the ostensible object of guarding the Eastern provinces against the neighbouring Indians, but according to Diodorus Siculus, Antigonus no longer wished to have this group of troops in his domain at all; their turbulent and disaffected spirit was well known.

Arrian mentions that Megasthenes, the historian and ambassador of Seleucus to the court of Chandragupta, lived with Sibyrtius, suggesting the latter may have remained at his post as satrap for quite a long time:
 * Megasthenes lived with Sibyrtius, satrap of Arachosia, and often speaks of his visiting Sandracottus, the king of the Indians.

title: Sibyrtius


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/George Getty

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or on a Votes for Undeletion nomination).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was: keep

George Getty
not sufficiently notable [[User:Consequencefree| Ardent † ∈ ]] 11:21, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Delete [[User:Consequencefree| Ardent † ∈ ]] 11:21, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

He is the start of a historial line (preceding comment by 195.137.71.61, the creator of the article under debate) --Ashenai (talk) 11:34, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Think it should stay as part of a project to clean up the Getty dynasty articles + flag for cleanup itself. --mervyn 12:30, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup This is the father of J. Paul Getty --Rogerd 19:07, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, I would delete a notability by proxy article, but as part founder and owner of Getty Oil, he seems to be notable by himself. -- Kjkolb 03:26, 9 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per Kjkolb -- though I agree that notability-by-proxy would not have been enough otherwise. --Jacquelyn Marie 23:10, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in an undeletion request). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User talk:Rajan Shah

Rajan Shah is a distributed developer/architect on the Business Intelligence team at financial firm, and primarily responsible for the development of heterogenous client/server systems.

External Links

Projects: http://www.enotes4u.com

Charity work: http://www.divyajyot.org

title: User talk:Rajan Shah


text:
Category:United Kingdom environmental management schemes

This category groups together articles on environmental management schemes operating (or formerly operating) in the United Kingdom.


text:
File:That'sLife.jpg

Summary
The cover of the 1966 Frank Sinatra album, 'That's Life (Frank Sinatra album)'

Fair use rationale for That's Life (Frank Sinatra album)
This image is a cover of the audio recording That's Life (Frank Sinatra album) by Frank Sinatra. Its inclusion in the article That's Life (Frank Sinatra album) is claimed as fair use because:

 * The image is the primary means of visual identification of the album That's Life.
 * It is a low-resolution image.
 * The image is only a small portion of the commercial product.
 * It is not replaceable with an uncopyrighted or freely copyrighted image of comparable educational value.
 * The use of the cover will not affect the value of the original work or limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute the original.
 * It illustrates educational articles about the sound recording from which the cover illustration was taken.

The use of the cover illustration is in good faith, and its inclusion enhances the educational quality of the articles without reducing the commercial value of the recording from which it was drawn.

title: File:That'sLife.jpg


text:
User talk:Johnpshepard

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Qaz  ( talk ) 11:25, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Johnpshepard


text:
Talk:William D. Leahy

Merger
Las memorias de Leahy does not contain part of the diaries but two versions of his memoirs on the Puerto Rican governorship which I found among his papers in Wisconsin a his son William H released to me. I am the editor of that book, Jorge Rodríguez Beruff. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.50.125.84 (talk) 05:07, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

I think I've moved over the important information. If someone wants to delete Admiral Leahy article, they're welcome to do so.
 * Engineer Bob
 * These historic facts remain relevant to mapping memes shared among future thought leaders of his generation!
 * After his wife's death, Leahy was a trusted advisor to both U.S. Presidentd F. D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman after FDR's death!
 * geoWIZard-Passports 21:50, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

Copyvio

 * Not sure of the reasoning behind this edit. The website listed in the copyvio was http://www.williamdleahy.com.  This is actually just a redirect to http://web.mac.com/walkerlamond/iWeb/William%20D.%20Leahy/Home.html, which is a users page on mac.com  There is no copyright information listed on that sub-site, could it be that WP information was copied TO there, rather than FROM there?  After all, isn't that the point of WP?  Let's get some discussion before hitting the panic button. — MrDolomite | Talk 08:06, 26 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Not that it is conclusive, but wayback has nothing — MrDolomite | Talk 08:08, 26 January 2007 (UTC)
 * can someone please tell me what cord he is wearing?????!RAVENCLAW?? (talk) 21:53, 7 March 2011 (UTC)
 * What do you all mean by what cord?--Biografer (talk) 03:59, 3 April 2018 (UTC)
 * In case someone else is wondering, this is called an aiguillette. It is worn over the right shoulder by military aides to the President of the United States. Hawkeye7   (discuss)  20:15, 14 July 2022 (UTC)

Ambassador to France
Admiral Leahy was of the utmost importance in Franco-American relations and this section desperately needs expansion. His seduction (figurative) by Petain and Darlan poisoned Franco-American relations for generations. Leahy's views became Roosevelts... and it is mentioned in Churchill's Memoirs of the Second World War. V. Joe (talk) 02:30, 31 December 2008 (UTC)

"In his most controvertial role..." Says who?
There is no citation for the claim in the opening blurb that Leahy's Ambassadorship to France was "his most controversial role." Is this actually cited anywhere in any outstanding literature, or is this just yet more partisan character assassination coming from some hack armchair historian? Citations, please. Thank you 114.167.137.103 (talk) 15:58, 27 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Leahy himself said it: "President Roosevelt sent me on one of the most controversial diplomatic missions of- the entire war period— that of being Ambassador to France." Leahy, I was there page 3 Historians often repeat the theme: "Roosevelt in November 1940 had given Leahy the equally delicate and even more controversial assignment of US ambassador to Vichy France, a post he held for eighteen critical months." (Otis Graham, FDR Encyclopedia); Rjensen (talk) 18:29, 27 February 2012 (UTC)

I removed a quote sourced from avn8.com. avn8.com does not provide sources for their quotes and in turn does not promote that their quotes are authentic. Please see the following statement from avn8.com: "These are just for fun. I have no idea whether the quotes are accurate or not. Loosely speaking, they support the idea that appeal to authority is unscientific". I am a bit surprised that anyone would consider avn8.com to be a worthy source as even it's owners seem to feel it is for entertainment purposes only. Monsieur Voltaire (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 15:36, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

Why have I never heard of him?
I was really shocked to see this article. I thought I knew a lot about the war but I've never heard of this guy. Midsummersday (talk) 18:31, 14 July 2022 (UTC)
 * I think you are far from alone in this regard. Hawkeye7   (discuss)  20:03, 14 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Faulty forecasts retrospective:
 * https://quotefancy.com/william-d-leahy-quotes
 * GeoVenturing (talk) 23:11, 30 June 2023 (UTC)

Date format
I am proposing that the date format of this article be changed to the US military (dmy) format per MOS:MILFORMAT. Hawkeye7  (discuss)  00:59, 11 June 2024 (UTC)

 * The reason that it is currently mdy is that this was the date format that the article was created with and I conformed to the original style (per MOS:DATERET) when I overhauled the article to bring it to featured. However, that puts the article at odds with the usual military dmy style prescribed in the MOS (MOS:MILFORMAT) and similar articles on other admirals like Ernest J. King, which use dmy format. Therefore, I am see king consensus to change the article style. Hawkeye7   (discuss)  01:32, 11 June 2024 (UTC)
 * DMY. Mztourist (talk) 02:52, 11 June 2024 (UTC)
 * DMY. It is consistent with MOS:MILFORMAT. Ifly6 (talk) 04:28, 11 June 2024 (UTC)
 * DMY. MOS:MILFORMAT is straightforward on this issue. biographical articles related to the modern US military, should use day-before-month. Ckfasdf (talk) 05:46, 11 June 2024 (UTC)
 * DMY, per proposal. Cheers, Ian Rose (talk) 07:43, 11 June 2024 (UTC)
 * DMY per MOS:MILFORMAT. -- Georgia Army Vet Contribs Talk 13:16, 11 June 2024 (UTC)

 * ✅ Hawkeye7   (discuss)  19:38, 11 June 2024 (UTC)

"... although the vessel only made it as far as the Azores before breaking down."
This line, written about a USS Constellation (1854) cruise that I presume happened after Leahy became a cadet in 1893, is not mentioned in Constellation's article. That article says:

"In September 1892, Constellation recommissioned for another unusual duty, to help assemble works of art in Gibraltar for the World's Columbian Exposition. During the cruise, she made stops in Naples, Italy and Le Havre, France, before returning to New York in February 1893. Another training cruise to Gibraltar followed on 3 June and ended on 29 August. She was then transferred to Annapolis, where she was decommissioned on 2 September before being towed to Norfolk for repairs."

Which one is correct? Could Leahy's biographer have been mistaken (this article), or did DANFS omit mentioning the breakdown (that article)? Ed [talk] [OMT] 03:24, 11 June 2024 (UTC)

 * The source says (p. 9):"The cruise was supposed to last all summer, taking the young crewmen to Europe and back to learn their craft. Yet the Constellation was in a sorry state, smelly and leaky, and she broke down before reaching Europe. The crew had to stop in the Azores before the old ship could be made right to sail to America."

 * It doesn't cite a source unfortunately. Hawkeye7   (discuss)  06:58, 11 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I did some additional digging, and it looks like the ship was damaged in Atlantic storms while on that mid-year cruise to Europe. From The Admirals (no page indicated on Google Books, but I assume it's in the Leahy chapter):

 * "Constellation was scheduled to take the green-gilled cadets all the way to Europe, but stormy seas in the mid-Atlantic diverted the ship first to the Azores and then to the Madeira Islands for repairs. By the time the work was done, Constellation stood westward to return to Annapolis for the start of the academic year."

 * The lack of a page number is a bummer. USNI adds "The Constellation's last summer practice cruise for midshipmen extended to the Azores and Madeira. Upon her return to Annapolis ..." Ed [talk] [OMT] 04:19, 12 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I have a copy of The Admirals. The quotation is on pages 16 to 17. (The page break occurs after "westward to".) It is indeed the Leahy chapter (chapter 1). No references however. Hawkeye7   (discuss)  07:41, 12 June 2024 (UTC)
 * The Lucky Bag describes the storms.  Hawkeye7   (discuss)  07:42, 12 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:William D. Leahy


text:
Vital (film)

Vital (ヴィタール) is a 2004 Japanese film directed by Shinya Tsukamoto. It stars Tadanobu Asano as Hiroshi Takagi, a man whose girlfriend dies and who loses his memory in a car accident.

The original concept that inspired Vital was the image of medical students making sketches during a dissection. Tsukamoto visited a medical school and observed a dissection while writing the screenplay, which was originally titled: Dissection Film Project. Leonardo da Vinci's anatomical sketches were a direct inspiration.

Plot
Hiroshi (Tadanobu Asano) wakes up in a hospital room and realizes that he was in a serious car accident that caused the death of his girlfriend, Ryoko (Nami Tsukamoto), as well as the loss of his memory. While trying to regain his memory, one of the first clues that Hiroshi finds are his old medical textbooks that he studied prior to his accident. This gives him a renewed purpose in life and he delves forward into his medical school studies. One of his medical school classmates, Ikumi (Kiki), soon becomes infatuated with Hiroshi, although he does not return her interests initially. During a 4-month period, in which his class dissects human cadavers, Hiroshi realizes that the body that he is dissecting is the body of his former girlfriend, Ryoko, which causes more of Hiroshi's memory to return. During this time, Hiroshi engages in a relationship with his classmate Ikumi, that helps him recall further memories of his ex-girlfriend. Ikumi, meanwhile, feels jealous rage because of Hiroshi's devotion in dissecting the cadaver of Ryoko, while Hiroshi is consumed in the quest to understand who that person was that died in his car and ultimately find out who he really is.

title: Vital (film)


text:
Tensor product of graphs

In graph theory, the tensor product $G × H$ of graphs $G$ and $H$ is a graph such that
 * the vertex set of $G × H$ is the Cartesian product $V(G) × V(H)$; and
 * vertices $(g,h)$ and $(g',h' )$ are adjacent in $G × H$ if and only if
 * $g$ is adjacent to $g'$ in $G$, and
 * $h$ is adjacent to $h'$ in $H$.

The tensor product is also called the direct product, Kronecker product, categorical product, cardinal product, relational product, weak direct product, or conjunction. As an operation on binary relations, the tensor product was introduced by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell in their Principia Mathematica (#|1912). It is also equivalent to the Kronecker product of the adjacency matrices of the graphs.

The notation $G × H$ is also (and formerly normally was) used to represent another construction known as the Cartesian product of graphs, but nowadays more commonly refers to the tensor product. The cross symbol shows visually the two edges resulting from the tensor product of two edges. This product should not be confused with the strong product of graphs.

Examples

 * The tensor product $G × K_{2}$ is a bipartite graph, called the bipartite double cover of $G$. The bipartite double cover of the Petersen graph is the Desargues graph: $K_{2} × G(5,2) = G(10,3)$. The bipartite double cover of a complete graph $K_{n}$ is a crown graph (a complete bipartite graph $K_{n,n}$ minus a perfect matching).
 * The tensor product of a complete graph with itself is the complement of a Rook's graph. Its vertices can be placed in an $n$-by-$n$ grid, so that each vertex is adjacent to the vertices that are not in the same row or column of the grid.

Properties
The tensor product is the category-theoretic product in the category of graphs and graph homomorphisms. That is, a homomorphism to $G × H$ corresponds to a pair of homomorphisms to $G$ and to $H$. In particular, a graph $I$ admits a homomorphism into $G × H$ if and only if it admits a homomorphism into $G$ and into $H$.

To see that, in one direction, observe that a pair of homomorphisms $fG : I → G$ and $fH : I → H$ yields a homomorphism

 * $$\begin{cases} f : I \to G \times H \\ f(v) = \left (f_G(v), f_H(v) \right ) \end{cases}$$

In the other direction, a homomorphism $f : I → G × H$ can be composed with the projections homomorphisms

 * $$\begin{cases} \pi_G : G \times H \to G \\ \pi_G((u,u')) = u \end{cases} \qquad \qquad \begin{cases} \pi_H : G \times H \to H \\ \pi_H((u,u')) = u' \end{cases}$$

to yield homomorphisms to $G$ and to $H$.

The adjacency matrix of $G × H$ is the Kronecker (tensor) product of the adjacency matrices of $G$ and $H$.

If a graph can be represented as a tensor product, then there may be multiple different representations (tensor products do not satisfy unique factorization) but each representation has the same number of irreducible factors. gives a polynomial time algorithm for recognizing tensor product graphs and finding a factorization of any such graph.

If either $G$ or $H$ is bipartite, then so is their tensor product. $G × H$ is connected if and only if both factors are connected and at least one factor is nonbipartite. In particular the bipartite double cover of $G$ is connected if and only if $G$ is connected and nonbipartite.

The Hedetniemi conjecture, which gave a formula for the chromatic number of a tensor product, was disproved by.

The tensor product of graphs equips the category of graphs and graph homomorphisms with the structure of a symmetric closed monoidal category. Let $G0$ denote the underlying set of vertices of the graph $G$. The internal hom $[G, H]$ has functions $f : G0 → H0$ as vertices and an edge from $f : G0 → H0$ to $f' : G0 → H0$ whenever an edge ${x, y}$ in $G$ implies ${f (x), f ' (y)}$ in $H$.

title: Tensor product of graphs