| Characteristic |
2007 |
2009 |
| total occupied
housing units |
Inadequate housing units |
Total occupied
housing units |
Inadequate housing units |
| no. |
(%) |
Unadjusted OR |
(95% CI) |
no. |
(%) |
Unadjusted OR |
(95% CI) |
| Sex |
| Male |
61,206 |
2,862 |
(4.7) |
Ref. |
— |
60,721 |
2,962 |
(4.9) |
Ref. |
— |
| Female |
49,486 |
2,909 |
(5.9) |
1.1 |
(1.1–1.2) |
51,084 |
2,795 |
(5.5) |
1.1 |
(1.1–1.2) |
| Race/Ethnicity |
| White, non-Hispanic |
78,744 |
3,174 |
(4.0) |
Ref. |
— |
79,333 |
3,222 |
(4.1) |
Ref. |
|
| Hispanic |
12,609 |
966 |
(7.7) |
2.0 |
(1.7–2.3) |
12,739 |
991 |
(7.8) |
2.0 |
(1.7–2.3) |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
13,437 |
1,292 |
(9.6) |
2.5 |
(2.2–3.0) |
13,609 |
1,228 |
(9.0) |
2.3 |
(2.0–2.7) |
| Asian/Paciic Islander |
4,050 |
174 |
(4.3) |
1.1 |
(0.8–1.5) |
4,181 |
192 |
(4.6) |
1.1 |
(0.8–1.5) |
| American Indian/Alaska
Native |
707 |
51 |
(7.2) |
1.8 |
(1.0–3.5) |
730 |
55 |
(7.5) |
1.9 |
(1.1–3.4) |
| Sex, by race/ethnicity |
| Male |
| White, non-Hispanic |
45,116 |
1,638 |
(3.6) |
Ref. |
— |
44,537 |
1,704 |
(3.8) |
Ref. |
— |
| Hispanic |
7,086 |
508 |
(7.2) |
2.1 |
(1.6–2.6) |
7,160 |
577 |
(8.1) |
2.2 |
(1.8–2.7) |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
5,545 |
548 |
(9.9) |
2.9 |
(2.3–3.7) |
5,520 |
512 |
(9.3) |
2.6 |
(2.1–3.2) |
| Asian/Paciic Islander |
2,536 |
95 |
(3.7) |
1.0 |
(0.7–1.6) |
2,577 |
117 |
(4.6) |
1.2 |
(0.8–1.7) |
| American Indian/
Alaska Native |
348 |
18 |
(5.3) |
1.5 |
(0.6–3.9) |
352 |
27 |
(7.8) |
2.1 |
(0.9–4.8) |
| Female |
| White, non-Hispanic |
33,628 |
1,536 |
(4.6) |
Ref. |
— |
34,795 |
1,518 |
(4.4) |
Ref. |
— |
| Hispanic |
5,523 |
458 |
(8.3) |
1.9 |
(1.5–2.4) |
5,580 |
414 |
(7.4) |
1.8 |
(1.4–2.2) |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
7,892 |
744 |
(9.4) |
2.2 |
(1.8–2.7) |
8,090 |
716 |
(8.9) |
2.1 |
(1.8–2.6) |
| Asian/Paciic Islander |
1,514 |
79 |
(5.2) |
1.2 |
(0.7–2.0) |
1,604 |
75 |
(4.7) |
1.1 |
(0.7–1.8) |
| American Indian/
Alaska Native |
359 |
32 |
(9.0) |
2.1 |
(0.9–4.8) |
378 |
27 |
(7.2) |
1.7 |
(0.7–3.9) |
| Annual income ($) |
| ≤24,999 |
46,912 |
2,771 |
(9.4) |
4.9 |
(4.1–5.9) |
49,240 |
2,615 |
(8.5) |
3.8 |
(3.2–4.6) |
| 25,000–49,999 |
31,170 |
1,650 |
(5.3) |
2.6 |
(2.2–3.2) |
29,757 |
1,711 |
(5.7) |
2.5 |
(2.1–3.1) |
| 50,000–74,999 |
18,985 |
700 |
(3.7) |
1.8 |
(1.4–2.3) |
18,557 |
663 |
(3.6) |
1.5 |
(1.2–1.9) |
| ≥75,000 |
31,137 |
650 |
(2.1) |
Ref. |
— |
32,558 |
768 |
(2.4) |
Ref. |
— |
| Education level |
| Less than high school |
16,779 |
1,507 |
(9.0) |
2.2 |
(1.9–2.6) |
15,229 |
1,278 |
(8.4) |
2.1 |
(1.8–2.5) |
| High school diploma |
30,559 |
1,564 |
(5.1) |
1.2 |
(1.1–1.4) |
30,692 |
1,770 |
(5.8) |
1.4 |
(1.3–1.6) |
| Any college education |
63,354 |
2,700 |
(4.3) |
Ref. |
— |
65,884 |
2,709 |
(4.1) |
Ref. |
— |
| U.S.Census region |
| Northeast |
23,128 |
1,096 |
(5.4) |
1.3 |
(1.0–1.5) |
23,316 |
1,320 |
(6.5) |
1.6 |
(1.3–1.9) |
| Midwest |
29,202 |
1,063 |
(4.2) |
1.0 |
(0.8–1.2) |
29,403 |
1,092 |
(4.3) |
1.0 |
(0.9–1.3) |
| South |
48,324 |
2,554 |
(6.3) |
1.5 |
(1.3–1.7) |
49,372 |
2,332 |
(5.6) |
1.5 |
(1.2–1.6) |
| West |
27,550 |
1,058 |
(4.3) |
Ref. |
— |
28,021 |
1,013 |
(4.2) |
Ref. |
— |
| Disability status |
| Yes |
3,657 |
245 |
(6.7) |
1.3 |
(1.0–1.8) |
3,647 |
226 |
(6.2) |
1.2 |
(0.9–1.6) |
| No |
107,035 |
5,526 |
(5.2) |
Ref. |
— |
108,151 |
5,531 |
(5.1) |
Ref. |
— |
| total |
110,692 |
5,771 |
(5.2) |
— |
— |
111,800 |
5,757 |
(5.2) |
— |
— |