Characteristics	total occupied housing units	Rodent seen in unit recently				Leaks during preceding 12 months
		no.	(%)	Unadjusted odds ratio	(95 %CI)	no.	(%)	Unadjusted odds ratio	(95%CI)
Sex
Male	60,721	3,716	(35.2)	Ref.	—	5,748	(9.6)	Ref.	—
Female	51,084	3,219	(38.9)	1.2	(1.0–1.3)	5,215	(10.3)	1.1	(1.0–1.2)
Race/Ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	51,084	4,692	(33.4)	Ref.	—	8,077	(10.3)	Ref.	—
Hispanic	79,333	849	(51.3)	2.1	(1.7–2.6)	997	(7.9)	0.7	(0.6–0.9)
Black, non-Hispanic	12,739	1,028	(44.8)	1.6	(1.3–2.0)	1,447	(10.7)	1.1	(0.9–1.2)
Asian/Paciic Islander	13,609	172	(43.9)	1.6	(1.1–2.3)	229	(5.5)	0.5	(0.4–0.7)
American Indian/Alaska Native	4,181	77	(53.0)	2.3	(1.1–4.7)	81	(11.2)	1.1	(0.7–1.8)
Sex, by race/ethnicity
Male
White, non-Hispanic	44,537	2,739	(33.0)	Ref.	—	4,439	(10.1)	Ref.	—
Hispanic	7,160	398	(44.8)	1.7	(1.2–2.2)	545	(7.7)	0.7	(0.6–0.9)
Black, non-Hispanic	5,520	353	(41.0)	1.4	(1.0–1.9)	561	(10.3)	1.0	(0.8–1.2)
Asian/Paciic Islander	2,577	115	(46.3)	1.8	(1.1–2.9)	113	(4.4)	0.4	(0.3–0.6)
American Indian/Alaska Native	352	55	(65.1)	3.8	(1.3–11.1)	42	(11.9)	1.2	(0.6–2.4)
Female
White, non-Hispanic	34,795	1,953	(34.0)	Ref.	—	3,639	(10.6)	Ref.	—
Hispanic	5,580	451	(59.0)	2.8	(2.0–3.9)	452	(8.1)	0.8	(0.6–0.9)
Black, non-Hispanic	8,090	675	(47.1)	1.7	(1.3–2.2)	885	(11.1)	1.1	(0.9–1.2)
Asian/Paciic Islander	1,604	57	(39.9)	1.3	(0.7–2.5)	116	(7.3)	0.7	(0.5–1.0)
American Indian/Alaska Native	378	22	(36.1)	1.1	(0.4–3.3)	39	(10.5)	1.0	(0.5–1.9)
Annualincome($)
≤24,999	49,240	2,388	(45.1)	1.9	(1.6–2.2)	2,957	(9.7)	1.0	(0.9–1.1)
25,000–49,999	29,757	1,913	(38.0)	1.4	(1.2–1.7)	2,915	(9.9)	1.0	(0.9–1.1)
50,000–74,999	18,557	971	(32.1)	1.1	(0.9–1.3)	1,881	(10.3)	1.0	(0.9–1.2)
≥75,000	32,558	1,663	(30.5)	Ref.	—	3,209	(9.9)	Ref.	—
Education level
Less than high school	15,229	1,270	(44.1)	1.5	(1.3–1.8)	1,297	(8.6)	0.8	(0.7–0.9)
High school diploma	30,692	1,955	(38.2)	1.2	(1.0–1.4)	2,698	(8.9)	0.8	(0.7–0.9)
Any college education	65,884	3,709	(34.3)	Ref.	—	6,969	(10.7)	Ref.	—
U.S. Census region
Northeast	23,316	1,850	(43.1)	1.6	(1.3–2.0)	2,285	(11.3)	1.8	(1.6–2.1)
Midwest	29,403	1,571	(33.9)	1.1	(0.9–1.4)	3,694	(14.7)	2.4	(2.1–2.8)
South	49,372	2,485	(37.3)	1.3	(1.0–1.6)	3,383	(8.3)	1.3	(1.1–1.5)
West	28,021	1,029	(31.9)	Ref.	—	1,600	(6.6)	Ref.
Disability status
Yes	3,647	289	(41.6)	1.2	(0.9–1.7)	469	(12.9)	1.4	(1.1–1.7)
No	108,151	6,646	(36.7)	Ref.	—	10,494	(9.8)	Ref.	—
total	111,800	6,935	(36.9)	—	—	10,960	(9.9)	—	—