extracted_text:
Практическое занятие №1
Тема: Климат англоговорящих стран и России.
Цель: Введение и первичное закрепление ЛЕ
Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:
Climate
The Climate of Russia. What
is climate? Climate is the average conditions of the weather over a space of
earth (the temperature, sunshine, wind, rainfall, etc.). Russia has a varied
climate because of its large territory, though almost all of the Russian
Federation is situated in the North Temperate Zone.
The very north is a cold treeless region - the
tundra. For the greater part of the year the tundra is covered with snow, its
rivers and lakes are frozen to a great depth. In May the temperature begins to
rise and the gray greenish night is changed into continuous daylight, when the
Sun doesn't go below the horizon for several months. Towards the end of August
the temperature begins to fall and in less than a month winter sets in again.
The greater part of the Russian Federation has
a continental climate: the summers are warm, even hot in some places; the
winters are cold. In the North of the country there are no mountains to form a
barrier against the cold winds from the Arctic Ocean. Cold air masses move over
the land and bring strong frosts. The low winter temperature especially of
north-eastern Siberia is due to these cold winds.
The Climate of Great Britain. Great
Britain lies between the parallels on which Moscow and Kiev are situated but
its climate is much milder than that of this part of Russia, because Great
Britain lies on islands and the Gulf Stream flowing near them influences its
climate. The January temperature in London is higher and the July temperature
is lower in London than in Moscow. The British ports are icefree and the rivers
are not frozen throughout the year. In the west of the country there is much
rainfall and thick fogs sometimes continue for days and weeks in autumn and
winter months. As the result many species of plants do not grow well here,
especially green crops. But grasses grow very well all year round providing fresh
fodder for cattle.
The Climate of the USA. The
climate of the United States of America is as much varied as that of the Russia
Federation. As well as Russia the USA has no mountain barrier in the North
from the Arctic Sea and the cold Labrador Sea Current. From here masses of cold
air flow over the land and lower the temperature, especially in the eastern
part of the country. The warm sea current of the Atlantic Ocean - the Gulf
Stream - influences the USA climate less because the winds of North America
blow from the sea to the land.
Along the western coast the climate of the USA
is warm because the Rocky mountains form a barrier from the cold winds of the
North and the land here is open to the warm winds of the Pacific Ocean. The
climate in the southern part of this coast is hot and dry, the soil arid, the
rainfall low and irrigation must be used to cultivate many species of plants.
Vocabulary:
average - средний.
condition- состояние.
wind - ветер.
temperate - умеренный.
to be covered - быть покрытым.
mountain- гора
mild -мягкий, умеренный.
dry - сухой
island - остров.
to flow- течь.
to influence- влиять.
icefree - свободный ото льда.
fog -туман.
fodder - корм для скота.
current- течение.
to blow- дуть.
coast-берег
arid- сухой.
Задание 1.1. Найдите в прочитанном тексте предложения, объясняющие:
1) причину сходства климата России и США; 2) различие климата США
и Англии; 3) различие климата России и Англии
Задание 1.2. Найдите пары антонимов:
rise frozen
day weak
high fall
icefree hot
cold night
summer low
strong winter
Задание 1.3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1) Why does Russia have a varied climate?
2) What is the climate like in tundra?
3) Why is the climate of Great Britain much
milder than that of this part of Russia?
4) What grows well in Great Britain?
5) What influences the USA climate most?
6)The climate of the southern part of western
coast of the USA is hot and dry, is not it?
Задание 1.4. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих
слов и выражений:
имеет разнообразный климат
расположена в...
покрытый снегом
благодаря холодным ветрам
влияет на климат
продолжается неделями
DO YOU KNOW THAT ...
Though Great Britain is considered to be a very
rainy country there are some people in England who want more rain and in fact
they need it badly. Two or three weeks without rain and they have water
problems, as it was in summer of 1976. The fact is that the rain falls in the
wrong place; then in England there are no good big enough reservoirs to keep
water for a rainless period and partly water is used by the people much more
than they need.
Most of Britain rains fall in Wales and
Scotland; it isn't there but in the drier South-East England and midlands that
it is needed. Of course this water is kept and sent to other parts of the
country. For example, the second largest city in England, Birmingham, gets all
its water from North Wales. But the reservoirs are now a hundred years and need
to be much larger. Both at home and in the factories much more water than a
hundred years ago is used. It takes 100,000 gallons of water to make one car.
Much water, enough for the whole of London, is
lost every day uselessly. Finally, what is left in rivers is made so bad by
factories and plants that it can't be used.
The answer to the problem isn't simple. First,
a way of keeping the water in the rivers, lakes and seas clean must be found.
Factories needn't use so much; they must learn to re-use the water. The new
reservoirs need buildings. Finally, new ways of using water from the sea must
be studied.
Vocabulary:
reservoirs - резервуар,
водохранилище
to keep - хранить
whole- целый, весь
factory - фабрика
to study - изучать
Задание 1.5.Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1) Is there any problem with water in Great
Britain?
2) Where do most of Britain rains fall?
3) Are the reservoirs large enough?
4) What are the ways of solving the water
problems?
Задание 1.6. Найдите русские эквиваленты следующих
слов и выражений:
is considered to be
is used by people
need to be much larger
can't be used
must be found
Задание 1.7. Кратко перескажите текст.
Домашнее задание: выучить ЛЕ

Практическое занятие №2
Тема: Погода
Цель: Чтение с полным пониманием содержания прочитанного
Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:
WEATHER
The weather is changing. Within a twenty-four
hour period we can have rain, sun, wind, snow and 20-degree change of the
temperature.
Everybody needs to know what tomorrow's weather
will be. Farmers are greatly dependent on the weather changes which may destroy
a whole year's work in a few hours. Being dependent on the weather they observe
things around them. They learn to notice changes. They notice what happens just
before the wind blows, fog forms, rain or snow falls. They learn to know the
signs of changing weather. Observations of the weather have been carried on
over a long period of time. Some of these observations resulted in beliefs that
are true but also in some that are not.
Some of the weather knowledge men have gathered
has been put in the form of sayings. Most weather sayings have two parts. The
first part tells what to observe. The second part tells what will or will not
happen.
For example, the proverb "When the dew is
on the grass, rain will never come to pass" tells that if we can observe
dew on the grass, we can be sure of a clear day."Dark clouds in the west
stay indoors and rest." "When the sunset is clear, a cool night comes
near." Clouds are known to reflect heat. When there are no clouds in the
sky, the heated air rises into the atmosphere after the sunsets and the night
will be cool or cooler than if there are clouds that reflect heat to the
ground.
"When clouds move down and turn dark grey,
a rainy day is on the way." "A ring around the sun or moon brings
rain or snow upon you soon." The ring is caused by the fine ice crystals
high in the air. They scatter the sunlight or moonlight in the form of the
ring.
The proverb "A year of snow - a year of
plenty" is used by people who grow wheat. Some wheat is sown in the
autumn. If the winter which follows has warm weather followed by freezing
winter, the grain may start to grow during the warm period and then be frozen
when the ground freezes again. When the wheat plants are covered with snow for
most of the winter they are not likely to thaw out. They do not start growing
until real spring weather comes. As a result, there is a good crop and a
"year of plenty" for the farmer.
"Smoke drifting slowly, close to the
ground, tells us that rain may be coming around." Warm moist air has less
pressure than cool, dry air. Having less pressure it is less able to raise
smoke which just drifts without rising.
Of course, warm moist air doesn't always show
that rain is coming but there is a good chance that it will. That is why many
people believe rising smoke to be a sign of good weather.
Sounds move faster on some days than on others.
Some people say that if a train can be heard for a great distance, it is a sign
of good weather. Before a rain, the air pressure is weaker, it presses less
strongly against things. With less air pressure, flowers are more able to send
out sweet vapours that make the air smell pleasant. The same weakened air
pressure also increases less pleasant smells from decaying plants in marshes.
Through long experience, farmers know these
signs. That is why they sometimes say, "It smells like rain".
There are thousands of little sayings about the
weather. Every part of the country has its own special little sayings, and so
does every other part of the world.
Vocabulary:
within - в пределах.
degree - градус.
to observe - наблюдать.
to happen - происходить.
sign - знак, признак.
clear - ясный.
grey - серый.
ringing - кольцо.
to scatter - рассеивать.
plenty - изобилие.
to thaw - оттаивать.
pressure - давление.
sound - звук.
weak - слабый.
smell - запах.
pleasant - приятный.
to decay - разлагаться.
experience - опыт.
Задание 2.1. Выпишите из текста пословицы и поговорки, и
переведите их.
Задание 2.2. Определите, верны ли следующие утверждения:
1.
If we can observe dew on the grass, we can be sure of a rainy day.
2.
When the wheat plants are covered with snow for most of the winter
they are likely to thaw out.
3.
Warm moist air has more pressure than cool, dry air.
4.
Many people believe rising smoke to be a sign of good weather.
Задание 2.3.Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1.
Why does everybody need to know what tomorrow's weather will be?
2.
Do you think that all the proverbs and sayings are true?
3.
Are they the same for all parts of the world?
Домашнее задание: пересказ текста с опорой на
вопросы
Практическое занятие №3
Тема: Экологические проблемы и пути их решения.
Цель: Развитие навыков устной монологической и диалогической речи
Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:
Ecological
Problems
Since ancient times Nature has served Man,
being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with
environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with
the development of civilization man's interference in nature began to increase.
Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial
enterprises appear all over the world today. The by-products of their activity
pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow grain and
vegetables on.
Every year world industry pollutes the
atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances.
Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. Their
disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of
animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, a number of rivers and lakes
dry up.
The pollution of air and the world's ocean,
destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man's careless interaction with
nature, a sign of the ecological crises.
The most horrible ecological disaster befell
Ukraine and its people after the Chernobyl tragedy in April 1986. About 18
percent of the territory of Belarus was also polluted with radioactive
substances. A great damage has been done to the agriculture, forests and
people's health. The consequences of this explosion at the atomic power-station
are tragic for the Ukrainian, Byelorussian and other nations.
Environmental protection is of a universal
concern. That is why serious measures to create a system of ecological security
should be taken.
Some progress has been already made in this
direction. As many as 159 countries - members of the UNO - have set up
environmental protection agencies. Numerous conferences have been held by these
agencies to discuss problems facing ecologically poor regions including the
Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass, Semipalatinsk and Chernobyl.
An international environmental research centre
has been set up on Lake Baikal. The international organisation Greenpeace is
also doing much to preserve the environment.
But these are only the initial steps and they
must be carried onward to protect nature, to save life on the planet not only
for the sake of the present but also for the future generations.
Vocabulary:
ancient - древний
harmony - гармония
environment - окружающая среда
riches - богатства
unlimited - неограниченный
to interfere - вмешиваться
to increase - увеличиваться, возрастать
smoky - дымный
enterprises - предприятия
by-product - побочный продукт
activity - деятельность
to pollute - загрязнять
substances - вещества
oxygen - кислород
rare - редкий
destruction - разрушение
ozone - озон
layer - слой
interaction - взаимодействие
horrible - ужасный
disaster - катастрофа
to befall - пасть (на что-то)

Задание 3.1. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. How did people live for thousands of years?
2. What cities appear all over the world today?
3. What pollutes the air we breathe?
4. What is the result of the pollution the atmosphere?
5. Why is environmental protection of a universal concern?
6. What are the initial steps in this direction?

Задание 3.2. Найдите в тексте и запишите английские эквиваленты
следующих слов и выражений:
с древних времен
источник жизни
развитие цивилизации
страдать от дыма
исчезать навсегда
неосторожное обращение с природой
всеобщая забота
сохранить природу
будущие поколения

Задание 3.3.Кратко перескажите текст.

Домашнее задание: Заполнить таблицу
A problem
A solvation

Практическое занятие
№4
Тема: Глобальное потепление. Парниковый эффект.
Цель: Развитие навыков чтения с полным пониманием содержания
прочитанного
Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:
Global
Warming
Global warming is sometimes referred to as the
greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is the absorption of energy radiated
from the Earth's surface by carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere,
causing the atmosphere to become warmer.
Each time we burn gasoline, oil, coal, or even
natural gas, more carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere. The greenhouse
effect is what is causing the temperature on the Earth to rise, and creating
many problems that will begin to take place in the coming decades.
Today, however, major changes are taking place.
People are conducting an unplanned global experiment by changing the face of
the entire planet. We are destroying the ozone layer, which allows life to
exist on the Earth's surface.
All of these activities are unfavourably
changing the composition of the biosphere and the Earth's heat balance. If we
do not slow down our use of fossil fuels and stop destroying the forests, the
world could become hotter than it has been in the past million years.
Average global temperatures have risen 1 degree
over the last century. If carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases continue to
spill into the atmosphere, global temperatures could rise five to 10 degrees by
the middle of the next century. Some areas, particularly in the Northern
Hemisphere, will dry out and a greater occurrence of forest fires will take
place.
At the present rate of destruction, most of the
rain forests will be gone by the middle of the century. This will allow
man-made deserts to invade on once lush areas. Evaporation rates will also
increase and water circulation patterns will change.
Decreased rainfall in some areas will result in
increased rainfall in others. In some regions, river flow will be reduced or
stopped all together completely. Other areas will experience sudden downpours
that create massive floods.
If the present arctic ice melting continues,
the sea could rise as much as 2 meters by the middle of the next century. Large
areas of coastal land would disappear.
Plants and other wildlife habitats might not
have enough time to adjust to the rapidly changing climate. The warming will
rearrange entire biological communities and cause many species to become died
out.
The greenhouse effect and global warming both
correspond with each other. The green house effect is recalled as incoming
solar radiation that passes through the Earth's atmosphere but prevents much of
the outgoing infrared radiation from escaping into outer space. It causes the
overheat of the air and as a result, we have the global warming effect. As you
see, greenhouse effect and global warming correspond with each other, because
without one, the other doesn't exist.
Vocabulary:
global warming - глобальное потепление
to refer - иметь отношение, относиться;
касаться
greenhouse effect - парниковый эффект
absorption - поглощение, абсорбция
surface - поверхность
carbon dioxide - углекислота, углекислый газ
to burn (past burnt, p.p. burnt) - сжигать
gasoline - бензин
oil - нефть
coal - уголь
ozone layer - озоновый слой
to slow down - замедлить
fossil fuel - ископаемое топливо
average - нормальный, обыкновенный,
обычный,
средний
to spill into - проливать(ся), разливать(ся)
the Northern Hemisphere - Северное полушарие
destruction - разрушение, уничтожение
evaporation rate - скорость/уровень испарения
to increase - возрастать, увеличивать(ся);
расти
water circulation pattern - сложившийся круговорот воды в природе
rainfall - количество дождей, дождевые осадки
river flow - уровень воды в реках
downpour - ливень
massive flood - крупное наводнение
to melt - таять
coastal land - прибрежные земли
to adjust - приспосабливаться, привыкать
entire - весь, целый
biological communities - биологические сообщества
to die out - вымереть, исчезнуть
outer space - открытый космос
overheat - перегрев
to correspond - согласовывать, соотноситься
Задание 4.1. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What is global warming?
2. What is greenhouse effect?
3. What activities are unfavorable and change the composition of the biosphere
and the Earth's heat balance?
4. What can prevent the developing of greenhouse effect?
5. Why are water circulation patterns changing?
6. What might cause disappearing of large areas of coastal land?
7. Does the warming affect biological communities?
8. Is there a correspondence between greenhouse effect and global warming?

Задание 4.2. Выпишите из текста определения следующих терминов:
Greenhouse effect
Global warming

Задание 4.3. Подберите к каждому слову в колонке А соответствующее значение из колонки В.
1) absorption a. сообщество
2) surface b. разрушение
3) composition с. радиация
4) century d. испарение
5) destruction e. поверхность
6) evaporation f. состав
7) experience g. поглощение
8) community h. опыт
9) radiation i.столетие

Домашнее задание: повторить ЛЕ

Практическое занятие №5
Тема: Экологические проблемы и пути их решения.
Цель: Активизация лексико-грамматического материала в устной речи
Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:
Environment
Protection Must Be Global

That the problem of pollution and ecology has become the most important one for
mankind is evident to all. The more civilization is developing, the greater the
ecological problems are becoming. Air and water pollution by industry is now
reaching tremendous proportions. In our era it is changing from a national to an
international problem, especially in territories where rivers cross several
countries. The seas and oceans are also becoming seriously polluted. A similar
situation is developing in the atmosphere. It is known that many cities
throughout the world suffer from air pollution.
However, our scientific knowledge and
technological advancement make it possible to eliminate it if people use good
will1 and make considerable investments for that purpose. The development of
natural resources on a global scale is already possible from a scientific and
technical standpoint. Large-scale experimental work in this area is
successfully being carried out.
At present scientists in industrially developed
countries are working on the theory of interaction of all the atmospheric and
oceanic global processes that determine the climate and weather of the world.
Increasing growth of population, industrialization and the use of resources are
slowly but surely changing the global climate and water balance. This can be
described as a great experiment, one that may bring about changes in the
environment more serious than ever before.
The essential feature in the environment
protection is that many problems can be solved only on the level of world
community3. Therefore, the planning of protection against pollution by human
society as a whole4 is imperative today and in the near future. It is necessary
to develop an international program to study data on land, forest, atmospheric
and oceanic resources, both renewable and non-renewable. It is the joint
efforts of many scientists and special public organizations that can deal with
the problem and take necessary measures to protect the environment.
It is still a big job and much remains to be
done. However, scientists are confident that planned actions of all countries
can eliminate pollution and achieve successes in purifying air, water and soil
and in safeguarding natural resources. At the same time one must realize that
social and political circumstances may stand in the way of further progress in
this field.
Vocabulary:
good will - добрая воля
standpoint - точка зрения
community - сообщество
as a whole - в целом
much remains to be done - еще многое предстоит (остается) сделать
Задание 5.1.Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What is this text about?
2. What is ecology?
3. How does water (air) become polluted?
4. Why is the problem of water pollution
becoming a global problem?
Задание 5.2. Подберите к каждому слову в колонке А соответствующее
значение из колонки В.
1. pollution a) ресурс
2. knowledge b) развитие
3. investment c) окружающая среда
4. development d) защита
5. population e) знания
6. protection f) загрязнение
7. environment g) население
8. resource h) вложения
Задание 5.3. Найдите в тексте и запишите английские эквиваленты
следующих слов и выражений:
Очевидно для всех
Достигать ужасающих размеров
Страдать от загрязнения воздуха
С научной и технической точки зрения
На уровне мирового сообщества
Совместные усилия
Ecological
Problems of Big Cities
There are over 150 supercities in the world with population from one to 15
million and more. Tokyo, New York, London, Mexico City, Rio de Janeiro and
Moscow are just a few of the cities which have become
supercities.
People in the supercities suffer from polluted
environment: bad water, bad air and noise. A new term, urban (городской)
climate, is used now for such cities. It means high temperature, oppressive
atmosphere and intensive smog.
Some experts consider that it is practically
impossible to protect the big cities from pollution. The World Health
Organization (WHO) studied air pollution around the world for over eight years.
It measured two things: the level of sulphur dioxide (S02) in the air and the
level of smoke. Sulphur dioxide and smoke pollute water and have serious effect
on forest, buildings and health of people.
In the WHO report it is shown that the cities with the most considerable level
of C02 in the air are Milan, Teheran, Prague, Santiago and Sao Paulo. However,
some cities with clean air get worse in winter. Helsinki, for example, becomes
one of the cities with the largest proportion of it in the air in winter. This
must be connected with the heating of houses. One can also mention (упоминать)
Glasgow and Warsaw which suffer in the same way.
Задание 5.4. Ответьте на вопросы:
1) How many supercities are there in the world?
2) What ecological problems do the citizens
suffer from?
3) What are the results of WHO research?

Задание 5.5. Прочитайте следующие словосочетания из текста и постарайтесь догадаться о значении выделенных слов.
to protect the
environment
become seriously polluted
suffer from pollution
interaction of all processes
the essential feature
protection is imperative today
public organizations
safeguarding natural resources

Задание 5.6. Подберите к каждому слову в колонке А соответствующее значение из колонки В.
protect a. do not feel well
serious b. for all people
suffer с keep safe from smth.
interaction d. protection
essential e. needing attention
imperative f. important
public g. necessary, most important, fundamental
safeguarding h. action on each other

Домашнее задание: повторить ЛЕ

. Практическое занятие №6
Тема: Что такое лес?
Цель: Введение и первичное закрепление ЛЕ
Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:
WHAT A
FOREST IS?
Forests to a non-specialist seem to be nothing
but a collection of trees. The closer they are examined, the more they differ.
Furthermore, their difference may be expressed in a great number of ways. Some
scientists write "A plant association mainly of trees or other woody vegetation
occupying an area of land is a forest". Others say that a collection of
trees becomes a forest only when it has sufficient density and covers a large
enough area to develop local climatic and ecological conditions that are
different from those outside. There must be some changes in temperature,
moisture, light and wind as well as in the character of upper soil layer. With
these changes comes different vegetation under the trees and different animal
life in the forest.
In technical language a specialist: says that
a forest "biocenoze" (life community) has been set up. Originally
"forest" meant simply wild or uncultivated land. Today the term
"forest" is sometimes applied to an economic unit of operating area.
A forest of trees of similar age and composition is called a
"stand". Every stand has more or less regular upper layer of green
crowns, called "the forest canopy" under which there may be an open
space except for the stems of the forest trees or more or less occupied with
lower canopies. They are called understories3 and are typical
of tropical forests but may be in the forests of the temperature zone too.
Very often a single understorey consists of
saplings which are coming in to replace the falling stand of veterans above.
Where the forest is open or thin there may be ground cover of grass. The nature
of this cover is very different. In dense forests the ground under the trees -
the forest floor - may have no living vegetation and be covered with dead
leaves and branches.
The species composition of the forest is one of
the most important features. The stand may be composed of a single species
making a pure forest or several species are associated to form a mixed forest.
Perfectly pure forests over large areas occur
not often however. It was observed that species do not do well when planted in
pure stands, especially upon usual forest soils. The reason is that they make
very heavy demands upon soil plant food (nutrients). Such pure
stands may do well in youth, but as they become older, their growth becomes
very slow and the trees die.
Stands are classified according to age classes
of which they are composed. Even-aged stand is one in which all the trees are
of one age. Uneven-aged stand, on the other hand, theoretically has trees of
every age, from seedlings to old veterans.
Vocabulary
stand - лесонасаждение.
forest canopy- лесной полог.
understorey- второй ярус насаждения.
Задание 6.1.Ответьте на вопросы.
1.
Is forest a collection of trees?
2.
How do the scientists define a forest?
3.
What a stand is?
4.
What is a pure forest?
5.
What is called a mixed forest?
6.
How are stands classified?
Задание 6.2. Выпишите из текста определения следующих понятий
A forest
A biocenoze
A stand
A forest floor
A forest canopy
Задание 6.3.Определите, верны ли следующие утверждения
1.
Even-aged stand has trees of every age, from seedlings to old
veterans.
2.
Originally "forest" meant simply cultivated land.
3.
Perfectly pure forests over large areas occur very often.
4.
A forest of trees of similar age and composition is called
"biocenoze".
5.
Stands are classified according to age classes of which they are
composed.
Домашнее задание: выучить ЛЕ
Практическое занятие №7
Тема: «Хвойные и лиственные леса»
Цель: Развитие навыков чтения с полным пониманием содержания
прочитанного
Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:
Types of
forests
Forests are invaluable for many different
reasons. Forests provide a home for countless animals and birds and forest
products are important to the economy of the country. The forest industry is a
big business and the forest ecosystem provides products such as plastics,
paper, wood for furniture and homes, dyes, medicines, oils, flavorings, chewing
gum, and numerous other items. There are several different types of forest
ecosystems.
• Coniferous or cone bearing forests are found
in colder climates and consist of softwoods.
• Deciduous forests that provide eye candy in
the fall with their beautiful display of colors are generally hard woods such
as oak, maple and poplars.
• Tropical rainforests can be found where it is
very humid and rainy. There are thousands of plant and animal species living in
the ecosystem of a tropical rainforest that would not be able to survive
anywhere else.
The ecosystem of the forest includes a wide
variety of animals and plants ranging from tiny micro organism to giant
redwoods and sequoias. Each part of the ecosystem that makes up the forest is
vital to the survival of the forest. Insects re-pollinate trees and squirrel
carry nuts throughout the forest hiding them in secret stashes. Some of those
nuts will be buried and germinate to produce a new generation of tree for the
forest. Every living thing in the forest ecosystem is important to the balance
and structure of the forest.
Forests have been classified according to their
economic importance. The first group includes special purpose and protective
forests - green belts around cities and enterprises, forest in reserve areas,
the protective avenues for roads and railways, forests beside rivers, laces and
others water, trees that protect the soil and forests in natural preserves.
In the second group we find the trees of which
there are limited reserves. These are important from the point of view of
timber supply and also as protective forests. The third group covers all other
forests suitable for exploitation. These are mainly concentrated in the Russian
Federation and Kazakh Republic.
Vocabulary:
importance - значение,
purpose - цель, назначение,
belt- пояс,
enterprise - предприятие,
resort- отдых,
avenue- дорога,
soil- почва,
preserve- заповедник,
area- площадь,
enterprise - завод,
from the point of view - с точки зрения,
timber- лесоматериал,
supply - снабжать,
suitable- подходящий,
mainly - главным образом,
according to-согласно,
include - включать

Задание 7. 1. Ответьте на вопросы:
1.
Why are forests invaluable?
2.
What types of forest ecosystems are there?
3.
What trees are typical of deciduous forests?
4.
What does the ecosystem of the forest include?
5.
In what way have forests been classified according to their
economic importance?

Задание 7.2.Подберите к каждому слову из колонки А соответствие из
колонки B
1) invaluable a) различный
2) important b)влажный
3) different c) бесценный
4) numerous d)красивый
5) countless e)бессчетный
6) vital f)жизненно важный
7) beautiful g)многочисленный
8) humid h)важный

Домашнее задание: подготовить сообщение

Практическое занятие №8
Тема: Леса Европы и Азии
Цель: Тренировка навыков чтения с применением различных стратегий
Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:
FORESTS OF
ASIA
Asia, excluding Russia, should be discussed in
two sections: one covering the region of East Asia including China, Korea and
Japan; the other covering South Asia and including the Philippines, Indonesia
and India. The forest of East Asia, though the sub-regions vary widely in type,
are mainly situated in temperate or cool zones and hence do not differ in
principle from the American or European forests. The forests of South Asia, on
the other hand, are mainly of tropical type, more similar to those of Africa
and South America.
China, once covered well with forests, has now
five or six thousand years of destructive action of man, a forested area
covering only 9 percent of the country. This still constitutes a considerable
forest area, of which three quarters is productive forest land. Half of this is
covered by coniferous forests, mainly concentrated in the North-Eastern part of
the country. The South, South-West and Central regions contain considerable
part of hardwoods. There are three forest zones in China, namely subtropical,
warm-temperate and cool-temperate.
In the subtropical zone evergreen broadleaf
trees, such as several species of oak, occur together with palms, tree ferns
and bamboos. The warm-temperate zone includes the area along the Yangtze River.
Its forests contain deciduous broadleaved species such as oak, maple, poplar as
well as some conifers such as pine. The cool-temperate zone to the north of the
country is the most important one. It comprises forests of pine, spruce,
hemlock, fir, larch, birch, and maple etc.
Korea, a much smaller country than China is
well forested, that is to about 80 percent. However, heavy demand and lack of
control resulted in great devastation and the remaining forests are thin. The
rate of cutting in South Korea is twice as that of growth and the volume of
standing timber is rapidly decreasing. In North Korea a cool temperate zone
contains spruce, fir, larch and pines.
Japan, a highly industrialized country, has a
growing pulp and paper industry of considerable capacity. About two-thirds of
the land area is covered with forests, but as a result of demand of heavy
population only 25% of the forests are capable of yielding industrial wood, and
only 15% are accessible coniferous forests. The climatic zones of Japan are
similar to those of China.
Vocabulary:
demand - спрос,
control- контроль,
lack- недостаток,
result- приводить,
devastation - опустошение,
thin- редкий,
rate- нормы,
cutting- рубка,
remain- оставаться,
...is twice as... - в два раза больше,
volume- объем,
standing timber - лес на корню,
decrease - уменьшаться,
contain - содержать,
spruce - ель,
fir - пихта,
larch- лиственница,
pine - сосна,
considerable - значительный,
capacity - размер ,
pulp and paper industry - целлюлозно-бумажная промышленность,
accessible coniferous forests - доступные хвойные леса,
yield - давать
Задание 8.1. Подберите к каждому слову из колонки А соответствие
из колонки B
1) oak a)сосна
2) maple b)береза
3) poplar c)лиственница
4) pine d)клен
5) spruce e)дуб
6) hemlock f)тополь
7) fur g)ель
8)larch h)болиголов
9) birch i)пихта

Задание 8.2 Ответьте на вопросы.
1.
What is the difference between the region of East Asia and South
Asia?
2.
What is special about China forests?
3.
What species grow in subtropical zone?
4.
Is Korea a well- forested country?
5.
Are climatic zones of Japan similar to those of China?

Задание 8.3 Верны ли следующие утверждения (Ttue/ False)
1.
China has a forested area covering 9 per cent of the country.
2.
The warm-temperate zone includes the area along the Potomac River
in China.
3.
In North Korea a cool-temperate zone contains a birch, an oak, a
maple and a poplar.
4.
About two-thirds of Japan area is covered with forests.
5.
There are two forest zones in China, warm-temperate and
cool-temperate.
Forests of
Africa and Australia
Africa, apart from its equatorial tropical
forests, is poorly forested. Vast deserts steppes and savannas extend north and
south of that forest belt, leaving fairly narrow coastal districts to the
extreme north and south with limited forest areas. The forests in the regions,
bordering on the deserts have to combat hot and dry climate, and, once removed,
they find it difficult to recover. The biological composition of African
forests is extremely complex and various by regions. Only comparatively few
species have so far proved to be of commercial interest, making general
exploitation of African forests difficult and expensive. Altogether about forty
species are exported. African eucalyptus and pines may become of interest for
pulp and paper industry.
The Australian forest flora consists
predominantly of evergreen hardwoods, mainly eucalyptus. Conifers are also
found there, mainly cypress pine. The wild eucalyptus forests form the base of
an important timber and are widely used in pulping industry. They are mostly
old and rather slow-growing forests. On good sites, however, many of eucalyptus
species are capable of very high production.
Vocabulary:
apart from - не считая,
various - различный,
equatorial - экваториальный,
species - порода,
poorly - бедный,
so far - до сих пор,
vast - широкий,
prove - оказывать,
extend - тянуться,
commercial - промышленный,
fairly - довольно,
expensive - дорогой,
narrow - узкий,
pine - сосна,
coastal - прибрежный,
pulp and paper industry - бумажная промышленное,
extreme - крайний,
predominantly - в основном,
area - площадь,
evergreen - вечнозеленый,
border- граничить,
hardwood - лиственная порода,
desert - пустыня,
conifers - хвойная порода,
combat - преодолевать,
timber - пиломатериал,
remove - удалять,
pulping industry - целлюлозная промышленность,
recover - восстанавливать,
site - участок,
composition - состав

Задание 8.4. Ответьте на вопросы:
1.
Is Africa well-forested?
2.
What is the biological composition of African forests?
3.
Are all the species of commercial interest?
4.
What species does the Australian forest consist of?
5.
Are eucalyptus capable of high production?

Задание 8.5.Подберите к каждому слову из колонки А соответствие из
колонки B
1) evergreen a)ограниченный
2) expensive b)важный
3) extreme c)разнообразный
4) vast d)крайний
5)coastal e)узкий
6)various f)обширный
7) narrow g)вечнозеленый
8)important h)способный
9) capable i) прибрежный
10) limited j) дорогой

Задание 8.6. Верны ли следующие утверждения (Ttue/ False)
1.
Africa is poorly forested.
2.
The biological composition of African forests is very simple.
3.
Many species have so far proved to be of commercial interest.
4.
General exploitation of African forests is difficult and
expensive.
5.
The wild eucalyptus forests are widely used in pulping industry.

Домашнее задание: пересказ текста

Практическое занятие №9
Тема: Леса на Земле.
Цель: Активизация лексико-грамматического материала в устной речи.
Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:
Forests of
the world
Wood is unique among the world's important raw materials.
Most people on the planet Earth live in wooden houses, sit on wooden chairs,
eat at wooden tables, and up to the present day, many people are warmed by
wooden-stocked fires.
The wood possessing countries of the world are,
perhaps, most wealthy, because, under condition of wise management, wood is
universal, abundant, and essentially inexhaustible source of national
well-being.
There is something like eight billion acres of
timber covering earth as a whole. In Europe, not counting the Russian, today
timber exporters are: Norway, Finland and Sweden.
In Norway forests cover one quarter of the
total surface of the country. Once the country exported its forests in the form
of logs, later on as sawn goods and planed timbers, now mainly as pulp and
paper. The principal tree species in Norway are spruce, pine and birch. In the
southern most parts of Norway we also find, in small quantities, several
valuable species such as oak, beech, ash, alder, maple and others. More than 70
per cent of the Norwegian productive area belongs to private owners, and a
major part of this area is utilized in combination with farming.
Vocabulary:
wood - лес,
древесина,
unique - уникальный,
raw materials - сырье,
the present day - в настоящее время,
wooden-stocked - древесный,
warm - греть,
possess- иметь,
wealthy - богатый,
wise- мудрый ,
management -управление,
abundant - обильный,
inexhaustible - неисчерпаемый,
well-being - благосостояние,
acre - акр,
cover-покрывать,
count - считать,
log - бревно,
sawn-goods -пиломатериалы,
planed timber - строганный пиломатериал,
pulp - целлюлоза,
paper - бумага,
principal - основной,
spruce - сосна, ель,
pine - сосна,
birch- береза,
quantity- количество,
valuable - ценный,
oak - дуб,
ash - осина,
alder- ольха,
private owner - частный собственник,
farming - сельское хозяйство
Задание 9.1.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов
и выражений
До настоящего времени
При условии мудрого управления
Источник национального богатства
В целом
Четверть общей площади страны
В малых количествах
Принадлежит частным лицам
Задание 9.2.Подберите к каждому слову из колонки А соответствие из
колонки B
1) universal a)ценный
2)abundant b)неисчерпаемый
3)inexhaustible c)важный
4) important d)продуктивный
5) wealthy e)универсальный
6)valuable f)обильный
7) productive g)богатый
8)principle h)основной
Задание 9.3. Ответьте на вопросы
1.
Why is wood unique among the world's important raw materials?
2.
Are the wood possessing countries of the world most wealthy? Why?
3.
How much timber is there on the Earth?
4.
What does Norway export now?
5.
What species can you find in Norway?
The uses of
wood
Wood is processed in a thousand ways to produce
a nearly and less variety kinds of goods. It is essential, in some form, to
every major industry. It serves our agriculture and fishery. It provides the
bed of ties that carries our railway traffic across the continent. It timbers
our mines, and wooden poles support power and communication lines. By
mechanical means we give wood size and shape, and by chemical process we turn
it to paper and rayon, or recover extractives for many uses. So varied are the
uses of wood, and so numerous the methods of its conversion that wood is one of
the world's most versatile material.
We have progressive and developing economy,
producing new materials and products. We see around us the fantastic growth of
the plastics industries. Yet, with all these new materials and all these
developments, wood continues to play a dominant role in the world economy, and
the global demand for the products of wood continues to increase. Wood is now
serving in many new forms and for many new purposes. It is used in the form of
veneers and plywood's and wallboards of various types; wood is still an
important fuel and is used to heat our homes. It is wood that continues to
provide most of the furniture for our homes.
Vocabulary:
process - перерабатывать,
way - способ,
produce - производить,
essential - важно,
goods - товары,
major - главный,
serve - служить,
fishery - рыболовство,
provide - обеспечивать,
ties - шпалы,
carry - нести,
railway traffic - железнодорожное сообщение,
timber - строительный лес,
wooden pole - деревянный столб,
power - электроэнергия,
means - средство,
size - размер,
shape - форма,
furniture- мебель

Задание 9.4.Подберите к каждому слову из колонки А соответствие из
колонки B
1) continue a) увеличить
2) process b) производить
3) produce c)перерабатывать
4) serve d)развивать
5) provide e)продолжать
6) develop f)служить
7) support g)обеспечивать
8) increase h)поддерживать
Задание 9.5. Ответьте на вопросы
1.
Is wood essential to industry? Why?
2.
What are the uses of wood?
3.
How do you use wood at home?

Задание 9.6. Закончите предложения.
1.
Wood is one of the world's …
2.
Wood serves …
3.
Wood continues to play…
4.
Wood continues to provide…
5.
Wood is essential to …

Домашнее задание: Повторить ЛЕ

Практическое занятие №10
Тема: Леса России
Цель: Введение и первичное закрепление ЛЕ
Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:
Russian
forests
Being an ecological frame of the Earth's
biosphere, the Russian Forests occupy 69 per cent from the total land area of
the Russian Federation account for more that 20 per cent from the global forest
resources. That is why ensuring sustainable and sound forest use, protection
and restoration of Russian forests represents not only a national but also a
global task of vital importance for the entire mankind.
As regards the amount and diversity of their
ecological functions, forests are of special value as compared with other
natural complexes. They provide for regulation and cleaning of water flows,
soil conservancy and improvement in natural fertility, the most complete
conservation of genetic diversity, and enrichment of atmosphere with oxygen,
prevention of air pollution and formation of a climate.
Forests are a source of many ecologically;
clean food resources for satisfying diverse needs of people, they represent a
human environment conducive to maintaining people's spiritual and physical
health.
Therefore, forests serve as a central link in
nature conservancy and natural regulation of overwhelming majority of
environmental processes. It is the forests that are a natural base
contributing to human survival. Maintenance and enhancement of national forest
resources, as the principal goal of efforts of the Federal Forest Service of
Russia, can be attained by means of implementation of sustainable forest
management. This means that forestry should ensure sound use of forest
resources, functions and benefits which are of value for present and future
needs of human civilization. Of special value is the balance of interests of
different population groups, industries and forest administration bodies, with
respect to forest utilization within specific areas, available timber and
non-wood resources, their processing, development of relevant economic
structures, providing for the employment of all population groups, without
causing any damage to environmental quality and biodiversity of forest.
Vocabulary:
sustainable - обеспечивающий
vital importance - жизненная важность
natural complexes - природные комплексы
water flows - водные потоки
soil conservancy - охрана почвенных ресурсов
fertility - изобилие, плодородие
overwhelming - огромный, несметный
biodiversity of forest - биологическое разнообразие леса
Задание 10.1. Дополните предложения прилагательными, используя
текст:
The land area is… TOC \o "1-5" \h \z
....
The forest resources are …
The frame is…
The task is .
The fertility is .
The link is
The environment is .
The health is
The regulation is
The Service is
The processes are
The importance is

Задание 10.2. Составьте предложения с предлогом "of" :
The principal goal

... special value
The prevention

... vital importance
The quality

... efforts of the Forest Service
Forests are
of
... people
The task

... overwhelming majority
The diverse needs

... forests
The regulations

... air pollution

Задание 10.3. Выпишите из текста словосочетания,
соответствующие данным:
1.
Именно поэтому.
2.
Они обеспечивают.
3.
Это означает.
4.
Что касается.
5.
Всё человечество .
6.
Могут быть достигнуты.
7.
Именно лес.
8.
Посредством.

Задание 10.4. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
What area do the Russian forests occupy?
What are the national task and the global task
of the entire mankind?
Why is the forest as a central link of the
conservancy and regulation of national processes?
What is of special value in forestry for human
civilization?
Домашнее задание: выучить ЛЕ

Практическое занятие №11
Тема: «Леса Великобритании»
Цель: Тренировка навыков чтения с полным пониманием содержания
прочитанного

Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:
Britain's
forests
In prehistoric times, Britain was well-covered
with trees. But as the population changed and grew, as agriculture developed
and the need for timber increased, the forest areas gradually disappeared. The
grazing of cattle and sheep prevented much natural regeneration of trees.
However, some woodland areas enjoyed a royal protection because of the
facilities they offered for game, hunting. Similar control was exercised by
landowners. Some of these woodland areas as New Forest, Forest of Dean and
Epping Forest, still exist with many of the old customs and laws still
surviving.
Some landowners manager their estates well and
responded to emergency calls, such as that made by John Evelyn in the 17th century
and it is thanks to them that we have these trees we do possess, and were able
to face up to some of the demands for timber during the two great world wars.
So much home-grown timber was used in the First
World War, that is was quite obvious that the growing of trees should no
longer be left to individuals. There had to be a national policy. Accordingly,
the Forestry Commission was set up in 1919. The Second World War once again
made great demand for timber reserves because the effective blockade of the
posts made the import of this bulky item a great problem.
But in spite of the two wars the Forestry
Commission has now planted 1, 5 million acres of trees in the 500 forests of
the country. The annual programme in recent years has been 100 million new
trees planted each year. Of these, 90 per cent are conifer trees because they
are quick growing. The softwood they proved represents practically 90 per cent
of out timber needs. The Forestry Commission, with their scientific and
financial resources advises and assists private landowners who have between
them 2, 5 million acres of woodland.
There are a number of forest schools which
train the men who look after Britain's forests. A number of universities have
specialist courses which provide a steady flow of men who will occupy various
positions both in State and private woodlands.
The target in the 1970s was to have 5 million
acres of trees providing about one third of a national need of timber.
Vocabulary
prehistoric - доисторический
timber - лесоматериалы,
строевой лес
grazing of cattle - пасти скот
regeneration - восстановление
hunting - охота
Dean - Епископ
survive - выживать
landowner - землевладелец
estate - поместье
Forestry Commission - Комиссия Лесного Хозяйства
assist - помогать
target - цель

Задание 11.1 Подберите эквиваленты к словам, обозначенным цифрами.
1. agriculture a. охота
2. regeneration b. хвойный
3 survive c. защита
4. population d. сельское хозяйство
5. hunting e. землевладелец
6. protection f. восстановление
7. landowner g. выживать
8. conifer h. население

Задание 11.2. Составьте все виды вопросов к данному предложению:
As the population changed and grew, as
agriculture developed and the need for timber increased, the forest areas
gradually disappeared.

Задание 11.3. Ответьте на вопросы:
1.
In what times was the country well-covered with trees?
2.
Why did some woodland areas enjoy a royal protection?
3.
When was the Forestry Commission set up in?
4.
Has the annual programme been 10 million new trees planted each
year in recent years?
5.
The conifer trees are quick growing, aren't they?

Задание 11.4. Перескажите текст.

Домашнее задание: Подготовить сообщение

Практическое занятие №12
Тема: «США и Канады»
Цель: Развитие навыков устной речи
Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:

Forests of
the USA and Canada
Two English-speaking countries across the ocean
possess large forest resources. They are Canada and the USA. The amount of
timber resources of the USA is second only to Russia. Forest land occupies one
third part of the United States area.
There are over one thousand species of trees in
the USA. In Europe (without Russia) there are less than one hundred. England
has about thirty and France thirty five. Out of the one thousand kinds of trees
in America only about one hundred have much commercial value as lumber. Of
these about sixty are hardwoods and about forty are softwoods, but only fifteen
hardwoods and fourteen softwoods are extensively used for lumber, plywood and
construction timber.
The softwoods are the oldest family of trees in
the United States. The commercial softwoods of importance are: southern yellow
pine, Douglas fir, hemlock, Sitka spruce, larch, and white fir. Hardwoods which
are broad-leaved and usually shed leaves in autumn furnish about 20 per cent of
US commercial wood products. They are oak, maple, birch, beech and others.
Most part of the forest land is privately
owned and consist of small parks and farms under 5,000 acres. The care of these
forests lies on the small owner. There are 146 national forests furnishing 159
million acres in the United States. The national forests are administrated by
the United States Forest Service. The forest resources of Canada amount to 11,6
billion cubic meters.
The most important forest trees in Canada are
the spruces. About one third of Canada's timber is spruce. Its wood is used
for pulpwood, lumber and plywood.
Second only to the spruces are two-needled
pines. These pines furnish 11 per cent of Canada's standing timber volume.
Third in importance are the true firs, of which
the most distributed is the balsam fir. Its wood is commonly cut as pulpwood
and to a lesser extent, as sawn goods. Next is a family of broad-leaved
deciduous trees - aspen and poplar.
Fifth among Canada's forest trees is the
Hemlock. Western hemlock is a main commercial source of tannin, while the wood
is used for railroad ties, lumber and pulp.
The tree, responsible, more than any other, for
British Columbia's world-wide reputation for timber is the coastal form of
Douglas fir. Douglas fir is used extensively for lumber, plywood and
construction timber. Next in order are the cedars. Their wood is light and
resistant to decay. In virgin forests they reach heights of 150-200 feet and
diameters of 8 to 103 feet. Their wood is used for lumber,
poles and posts.
Finally there are the birches. Most distributed
is the white birch which grows widely throughout Canada. The most important
hardwood tree in eastern Canada is the yellow birch. Its wood is much in demand
for flooring, furniture veneer and railroads ties. Canada is indeed fortunate
to possess such a variety of useful tree species. The pine and spruce in the
east, and Douglas fir, cedar and hemlock in British Columbia have won for
Canada its position as the world's leading nation in forest products trade.
Vocabulary
lumber - пиломатериалы
plywood - фанера
construction timber - материал для строительных конструкций
pulpwood - баланс
Douglas fir - пихта Дугласа
hemlock - тсуга канадская
Sitka spruce - ель серебристая
larch - лиственница
aspen - осина
poplar - тополь
beech - бук
shed leaves - сбрасывать листья
small owner - мелкий собственник
balsam fir - пихта канадская
a lesser extent - наименьший размер
sawn goods - распиленная продукция
deciduous - с опадающими листьями
tannin - дубильное вещество, танин
railroad ties - железнодорожные шпалы
pulp - целлюлоза
cedar - кедр
pole - свая, шест
post - столб, подпорка
flooring - половой настил
veneer - шпон

Задание 12.1 Подберите эквиваленты к словам, обозначенными
цифрами.
1.
Softwood а. Древесина
2.
Maple б. Широколиственные
3.
Lumber в. Клён
4.
Decay г. Гниение
5.
Broad-leaved д. Хвойные породы

Задание 12.2. Выпишите все числительные из текста и напишите их
словами.

Задание 12.3. Вставьте предлоги, где необходимо и переведите
предложения:
1.
The wood is used rail road's ties, lumber and pulp.
2.
There are one thousand species trees the USA.
3.
The care these forests lies the small owner.
4.
Douglas fir's wood is used lumber, poles and posts.
5.
It is wood is much demand flooring, furniture veneer and rail
roads ties.

Задание 12.4.Составьте словосочетания и переведите их:
1.the eldest family

a. the USA area
2.a variety

b. trees in the USA
3.one third part
of
c. timber resources
4.the amount

d. tanin
5.a commercial source

e. useful tree species

Задание 12.5. Ответьте на вопросы:
1.
How many species of trees are in the USA?
2.
The spruces are four-needled pines, aren't they?
3.
What height has Douglas fir?
4.
What trees are the commercial softwoods of importance?
5.
What part does forest land occupy of the USA?
6.
Are the national forest administrated by the land owners or by the
United States Forest Service?
7.
Has England about 50 species of trees?
Домашнее задание: Ответить на вопросы

Практическое занятие №13
Тема: «Леса»
Цель: Тренировка навыков чтения с полным пониманием содержания
прочитанного
Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:

Botanical
classification of wood
Trees, being plants, fall into the botanical
classification system of taxonomic groups - divisions, classes, orders,
families, genera, and species. Hardwoods are included in the class called
angiosperms, while softwoods fall in the class called gymnosperms.
The gymnosperms are divided into seven orders,
one of which is conifers which includes all commercially useful softwoods. The
angiosperms are further classified into two sub-classes of Monocotyledonous and
Dicotyledonous.
Hardwoods of commercial importance belong to
the Dicotyledonous subclass.
Trees, as well as other plants, are referred to
most precisely by scientific names, which are composed of their genus and
species: black walnut, for example, is JUGLANS NIGRA L. However, the common
name (black walnut) is sufficient for most practical purposes. The initial
following the scientific name denotes the scientist who named the plant, in
this case Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist.
Vocabulary:
plant - растение
fall (into) - попадать
taxonomy - таксономия, систематика
division - тип
order - отряд
genus (genera) - род
species - виды
hardwoods - лиственные породы
softwoods - хвойные породы
conifers - хвойные деревья
as well as - а также
refer (to) - называть
precisely - точно
scientific - научный
compose - состоять, составлять
black walnut - чёрный орех
common name - обычное имя
sufficient - достаточный
initial - инициал
denote - обозначать
angiosperm - широколиственны
gymnosperm - голосемянной
monocotyledonous - однодольный
dicotyledonous - двусемянодольный

Задание 13.1. Ответьте на вопросы:
1.
What taxonomic groups of botanical classification do you know?
2.
What Swedish botanist do you know?
3.
Are the angiosperms classified into three sub-classes?

Задание 13.2. Вставьте предлоги:
1.
The gymnosperms are divided seven orders.
2.
Hardwoods are included the class called angiosperms.
3.
Trees are referred most precisely scientific names.

Задание 13.3. Используя суффиксы образуйте новые слова:
botany, classify, divide, commerce, taxonomy.

Задание 13.4. Подберите эквиваленты к словам, обозначенным
цифрами.
1.
plan a) род
2.
denote б) инициал
3.
commercial в) растение
4.
initial г) промышленный
5.
genus д) обозначать

Задание 13.5. Перескажите текст.

Домашнее задание: повторить ЛЕ
Практическое занятие №14
Тема: «Разнообразие животного и растительного мира России»
Цель: Введение и первичное закрепление ЛЕ

Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:
Задание 14.1. Вставьте в пропуски подходящие по смыслу слова:
stands, timber, coniferous, insignificant,
including, hard leaved
In the Russian forests three groups of main
__________ species are presented. A predominant coniferous is Larch (Larix),
the area covered with it exceeding that occupied by stands composed
predominantly of birch (Betula) are mainly stands of European birch (B.Pendula)
and white birch (B. Pubescenes).
Despite taking the second place among soft
leaved species, aspen (Populus tremula) forests cover the area being 4.5 times
less as compared with birch forests.
Oak dominates in the group of __________
species. About 55% of oak stands composed mainly of common oak (Quercus robur)
are concentrated in the European part of Russia, and the rest- in the Far East
where oak stands are composed almost completely of Mongolian oak (Q.
Mongolica). Stone birch also belongs to hard leaved species. Such a collective
name comprises several genera of birch with dark- coloured bark and very hard
wood to be met with in Ear East. As regards areas covered, __________ of
stone birch take the second place (after oak forests) in the group of hard
leaved species.
Other hard leaved species are hornbeam
(Carpinus), ash (Fraxinus), maple (Acer), elm (Ulmus), and they cover, as
compared with the entire Russian territory, a rather _____________ area.
Three groups of main timber species
(coniferous, hard- and soft leaved) cover, on the whole, 638 million ha (90.4%
of the entire stocked area), _____________ 508 million ha (71.9%) of coniferous,
113 million ha (16%) of soft leaved and 17 million hard leaved.
Three main timber species groups account for
98.3% (71.7 billion m3) of the total standing volume, including 79.1% (55.7
billion m3) of _____________, 16.6% (12.1 billion m3) of soft leaved and 2.6%
(1.9 billion m3) of hard leaved.
Vocabulary
timber - строевой лес
compare - сравнивать
stand - лесонасаждение
to be composed of - состоять из
belong - принадлежать
insignificant - незначительный
volume - объем

Задание 14.2. Выпишите из текста названия пород деревьев,
распределив их по двум колонкам, лиственные и хвойные.

Задание 14.3. Ответьте на вопросы:
1) What are the main timber species of Russian
forests?
2) What species predominate among coniferous?
3) What species predominate among deciduous?

Домашнее задание: Выучить ЛЕ
Практическое занятие №15
Тема: «Животные России»
Цель: Развитие навыков чтения с полным пониманием содержания
прочитанного

Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:
Animals of
Russia
Russia houses a great number of various animal
species. Mammals of more than 300 species, birds of more than 700 species,
amphibians of about 30 species and reptiles of 80 species inhabit vast
territories of Arctic tundra, hot southern deserts, deciduous and coniferous
forests, mountain countries, and seacoasts.
The first animals are Hares. First of all, both
Mountain and European Hares are remarkable for their large eyes placed on the
sides of the head, allowing animals to look in the opposite directions and expanding
their visual angle to 360°C. It means, that motionless hare is able to see both
its nose and tail without turning its head. That is why it is very difficult to
approach a hare undetected because hares are able not only to run very fast,
but also to confuse chasers crossing their own tracks in various directions.
Hare is not an easy prey for many predators.
One more resident of Russia is the Great Eagle
Owl. These largest nocturnal raptors prey in the dusk and at night. They are excellent
predators owing to a number of peculiar traits. Soft plumage makes their flight
quiet; acute eyesight allows them to see both in the dark and in bright
sunlight; sensitive audition helps to locate prey not seeing it. In the wild
these nocturnal raptors prefer to construct their nests in tree holes.
Common squirrels are lovely animals were
formerly common not only to the forests, but also to the city parks, where
they are rather rare now. In summer, squirrels wear bright red coats and change
them for more fluffy silver-grey coats in winter. Change of the seasons is
marked not only with disguise; in late autumn squirrels store nuts, berries,
and mushrooms in their winter nests, constructed in tree holes or in the
branches and looking like a round ball. To dry mushrooms, animals pin them on
thin tree branches.
Various small passerines (chaffinches,
bullfinches, greenfinches, starlings, waxwings, siskins, goldfinches, etc.) are
most common to the European Russia.
Sables and Marten are small and very mobile
animals active almost all day round with short breaks for sleep. Both of them
are predators with a wide range of prey. Their diets consist primarily of small
rodents and birds with great amounts of fruits and berries added to them in
summer. Sables readily feed on cedar nuts devastating food stores of its taiga
neighbors. Unlike sables, martens spend more time on the trees, moving fast
from branch to branch.
Foxes usually prey for small rodents abundant
in the woods, fields, and at the forest edges. In summer they readily take
also insects and berries. In winter, one can see foxes wondering in the fields
and listening to mouse rustle under the snow. Hearing familiar piping sounds, a
fox bounces as a ball and flaps snow with its paws to get the prey, or begins
to dig snow fast.
Ravens have been always believed to be evil
birds attracting death. The reason for such negative account was the fact that
these birds were often seen feeding on carrion. When their chicks hatch, which
happens early in spring after snowmelt, the parents feed them with dead animals.
So the ravens should be called health officers of the forest rather than death
messengers. These large black birds prefer to breed far from human settlements,
building their nests on the highest trees deep in the woods.
Due to their extraordinary talents, Beavers are
called constructors and architects. These animals common to the forest rivers
and springs are one of the largest rodents. Beavers' incisors are very strong;
they grow constantly and remain as sharp as razor blades. Tooth enamel is
durable on the exterior side of the animal's upper teeth and soft on their
interior side. The structure of the lower incisors is just the opposite. It
allows beaver's teeth to sharpen constantly. The beavers use tree trunks and
large branches cut with their wonderful teeth to construct dams across streams
and rivers. Their huts are built at such dams. Although construction of hut
seems to be very simple, the hosts are safe in their roomy quarters. Entrance
to the hut is under water, and unwelcome terrestrial visitors are not able to
get inside.
Wolf is a well-known predator. It is well-known
fact that the wolves prey on large ungulates, though they readily catch mice
prevailing in their spring and summer diet. Some time ago, farmers considered
wolves detrimental animals preying on cattle and other valuable domestic
animals. Elimination of the predators was encouraged. However, after the
number of wolves had declined dramatically in some regions of Russia and the
animals had become extinct in certain areas, the faultiness of such concept
became evident. Like any other predators, the wolves prey mostly on weak,
injured, and sick animals, thus favouring natural selection. In winter preying
becomes difficult, and the wolves gather in packs. The pack, usually comprising
close kins, is led either by old female, or by two old males. Cooperative
preying enhances wolves' chances to get large animals, such as deer or moose.
In summer, the pack disintegrates and the animals lead individual or pair
life.
Vocabulary

Задание 15.1.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих
слов и выражений
санитары леса
благодаря необычному таланту
уничтожение хищников
собираться в стаи
близкие родственники

Задание 15.2.Подберите к каждому слову из колонки А соответствие
из колонки B
1) remarkable a) незаметный
2)motionless b)ночной
3)undetected c)сухопутный,
земной
4)nocturnal d)очевидный
5)fluffy e)неподвижный
6)abundant f)изобильный, достаточный
7)terrestrial g)примечательный
8)evident h)пушистый

Задание 15.3.Заполните таблицу
predators
herbivorous

Домашнее задание: Пересказ текста

Практическое занятие №16
Тема: «Флора и фауна России и англо-говорящих стран»
Цель: Закрепление лексико-грамматического материала

Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:
FORESTS ARE
HELPED BY ANIMALS
Animals depend on the forest but sometimes the
forests are helped by animals. Once beavers caused trouble to Arizona fruit
growers. The beavers made dams on the irrigation ditches. This kept water from
flowing to the fruit trees where it was needed. But worst of all was that the
beavers were building their dams out of fruit trees logs.
The farmers trapped some five hundred beavers
and let them free near mountain streams far up in the forest. There the beavers
went to work building dams again. But this time the dams slowed up fast moving
mountain streams, held the water for forests and cut down erosion. Beavers have
been parachuted down into wild country where they have helped control streams
which men have visited only from the air.
Many people believe that beavers are
intelligent animals. Their dams are fine examples of engineering. A pair of
beavers constructs a dam across a river. The water held back by the dam
overflows the bank on either side of the river, forming a pondin this pond the
beavers build home. It is built of branches and sticks held together with mud
and stone.
From the point of view of engineering their
small house can hardly be improved. It contains a central room just above the
water level, it has one or more entrances under the water, strong walls and
even a vertical chimney which regulates the temperature inside and provides
air-conditioning. A beaver family - father, mother and several young ones -
live together in their house.
The engineering skill of beavers is to a large
extent a result of their ability to use their front paws as hands. Trees are
essential to beavers. They eat the bark on the upper branches and in order to
reach these they must fell the trees. Tree-felling is a skilled job but a pair
of beavers can fell a tree four inches in diameter in 15 minutes.
It
is easy, therefore, to see why people talk about the beaver's skill and
intelligence. However, the structure of beaver's brain gives no indication that
the animal is more intelligent than some others. Many of his actions which seem
to be the result of thinking are due to instinct.

Vocabulary
beavers - бобры.
trouble - беспокойство, неприятность.
logs - бревна.
to trap- поймать в ловушку.
pond- пруд.
sticks- палки.
from the point of view - с точки зрения.
chimney- труба
skill - мастерство.
paws- лапы.
brain- мозг.

Задание 16.1. Подберите к каждому слову из колонки А соответствие
из колонки B
1) make a)улучшать
2)depend b)строить
3)keep c)делать
4)build d)казаться
5)go e)кушать
6)improve f)идти, ходить
7)contain g)видеть
8)eat h)содержать
9) see i)говорить
10)talk j)держать
11) seem k)зависеть

Задание 16.2.Ответьте на вопросы
1) Who caused trouble to Arizona fruit growers?
2) What did the animals make?
3) What did the farmers decide to do?
4) How did the beavers behave in new
surroundings?
5) Are beavers intelligent animals?
6) How do the beavers build their houses?

Задание 16.3. Закончите предложения и переведите их.
1) The beavers made dams on…
2) Many people believe that beavers are…
3) A pair of beavers constructs…
4) Trees are…
5) Many of beaver's actions which seem to be
the result of thinking are…

Домашнее задание: Подготовить сообщение

Практическое занятие №17
Тема: «Деревья, которые предсказывают погоду»
Цель: Тренировка навыков чтения с полным пониманием содержания
прочитанного текста

Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:
Задание 17.1. Вставьте в пропуски подходящие по смыслу слова:
indicates, woodman, timekeepers, conditions,
weather, habits, method
TREES THAT
TELL TIME AND PREDICT THE WEATHER
Watching the leaves of a tree maybe is not a
modern _________ of predicting the weather, but every American farmer knows
that it is going to rain when maple leaves curl and turn bottom up in a cold
wind. A ___________says he can tell by the thickness of lichens on the pine
trees just how cold the winter is going to be. The maple sugar farmer can tell
what month of a year it is just by looking at the trees; the turpentine
gatherer tells time by the pines.
People who live with trees learn really to know
their ___________. Cowan, a botanist, observed in India that the leaves of the
rain-tree have the wonderful power of changing their position in accordance
with atmospheric___________. He writes: "In full sunshine they are
horizontally spread, allowing no single beam of light to go through the dense
crown; at night, in cold __________ or during rain the pairs of leaves fold
together. The tamarind folds its leaves at night and in rainy weather with the
result that in Burma the people of a village think that the tamarind is the
home of rain.
In west tropical Africa trees prove to be
unusual __________, and they are known as dependable alarm-clocks. For example,
griffonia has 2-inch pods which open with a loud noise. This noise is the
signal to the farmers that the time has come to plant their crops. Another
tropical tree flowers in February and again in August. The flowering of this
tree ____________ that the time of the second planting of corn, just before the
second rains, has come. The native pear tree in the eastern part of Nigeria is
a clock, for the planting of field crops begins when the tree shows buds. The
fruit of one more tropical tree in Sierra Leone ripens by the time when the
raining season is over.
Vocabulary
to
predict - предсказывать.
to curl - сворачиваться
to turn bottom up - переворачиваться нижней стороной вверх.
lichen -лишай.
turpentine gatherer -сборщик живицы,
habit - привычка.
to allow -позволять.
beam - луч.
pair -пара
to fold-складываться
alarm-clock - будильник
pod- стручок
noise - шум
pear - груша.
Задание 17.2. Какие из следующих утверждений соответствуют содержанию
прочитанного текста:
1. It is difficult to tell the season of the
year looking at a broad-leaved tree in our region. 2. People who work all their
life with one and the same tree species know their habits well. 3. Many tree
species in tropical countries show that the time of gathering crops has not
come. 4. Not a single tree species folds its leaves in rainy weather in India.
5. Botanists do not study and do not know tree habits.

Задание 17.3. Ответьте на вопросы:
1) How does every American farmer know that it
is going to rain?
2) Why do the farmers need to know the habits
of trees?
3) What dependable alarm-clocks do you know?

Домашнее задание: Пересказ текста

Практическое занятие №18
Тема: «Леса сохраняют воду»
Цель: Активизация лексико-грамматического материала в устной речи.

Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:
Задание 18.1. В соответствии с содержанием прочитанного текста
разделите его на части. Озаглавьте каждую часть.
Задание 18.2. Вставьте в пропуски необходимые по смыслу слова
soil and minerals, bare, conserve, absorbs,
hold back, surface, cut down
FORESTS
SAVE WATER
When we __________ trees or plow under grass,
the land is left with nothing on it to ____________ the water. Every time it
rains, the water flows over the land and is carried out to sea where we can't
use it. Such water carries ________________ with it. Often, the amount of water
is so great that rivers flood. The water is wasted.
We can ____________ water by seeing to it that
trees, grass or other types of vegetation are planted to absorb or slow down
the run-off of waters. Hillsides that are too steepto be farmed should be covered
with forests.
The "floor" of a forest is spongy and
___________ water from rain and snow. The soil of grasslands also stores water
this way. A bare soil lets rain and melting snow run over its __________
without soaking in. This may cause floods in rivers in the spring but in the
summer the streams and rivers dry up because the bare soil did not store enough
water. The water table drops very low in these areas. This means that springs
will stop running and wells will dry up.
Millions of hectares are made ____________ each
year by forest fires. Fire prevention is, therefore, a most important part of
water conservation.
Vocabulary
to waste- терять (впустую).
hillside - склон холма.
steep - крутой.
floor -зд. подстилка.
spongy - губчатый.
to store - запасать
bare -голый, лишенный растительности.
to soak in -впитываться.
Задание 18.3.Ответьте на вопросы:
1.
Why should hillsides that are too steepto be farmed be covered
with forests?
2.
What may cause floods in rivers in the spring?
3.
Why is fire control an important part of water conservation?
Домашнее задание: Повторить ЛЕ

ГБПОУ ВО «Хреновской лесной
колледж им. Г.Ф. Морозова»

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ
по выполнению практических
работ
по дисциплине «Иностранный
язык» (английский)
для студентов 4 курса
специальности
35.02.01 «Лесное и
лесопарковое хозяйство»

file_name: мет. рек практ работ ЛЕСНИКИ.docx

alt: Практическое занятие №1 Тема:

alt: Vocabulary: reservoirs - резервуар , водохранилище to keep - хранить whole- целый, весь factory - фабрика to study - изучать

alt: Задание 3.1. Ответьте на вопросы : 1

alt: Задание 4.1. Ответьте на вопросы: 1

alt: Tokyo, New York, London, Mexico

alt: Цель: Введение и первичное закрепление

alt: Задание 7. 1. Ответьте на вопросы: 1

alt: Задание 8.4. Ответьте на вопросы: 1

alt: The principal tree species in

alt: Задание 9.3. Ответьте на вопросы 1

alt: Задание 9.5. Ответьте на вопросы 1

alt: Именно лес. 2. Посредством

alt: Домашнее задание: Пересказ текста

alt: Задание 16.2. Ответьте на вопросы 1)

alt: We can ____________ water by seeing to it that trees, grass or other types of vegetation are planted to absorb or slow down the run-off…

title: Практическая работа по английскому языку на тему "Климат"


extracted_text:
Понятие информационной системы. ИС обеспечивают сбор, хранение,
обработку, поиск, выдачу информации, необходимой в процессе принятия решений задач из любой области.
Термин «информационная система» может
использоваться как в широком, так и в узком смысле.
В широком смысле информационная система
– это совокупность технического, программного и организационного обеспечения, а также персонала, предназначенная для своевременного обеспечения необходимой информацией.
В Законе Республики Беларусь «Об информации, информатизации и защите информации» от 10 ноября 2008 г. дается следующее
определение:
«информационная
система – совокупность банков данных, информационных технологий и комплекса
(комплексов) программно-технических средств».
Под комплексом программно-технических средств
понимаются программные и технические средств,
которые обеспечивают осуществление информационных отношений с помощью информационных технологий.
В узком смысле ИС рассматривают как программно-аппаратную систему, предназначенную для автоматизации целенаправленной деятельности пользователей,
обеспечивающую, в соответствии с заложенной в неѐ логикой обработки, возможность получения, модификации и хранения информации.
Повышение эффективности принятия
управленческих решений, управления организацией в целом, приводит
к необходимости проведения ряда мероприятий технического, организационного и экономического характера, которые позволяют
снизить степень участия
или полностью исключить
непосредственное участие человека в осуществлении той или иной функции производственного процесса, процесса управления. Появляется термин
«автоматизированная информационная система» (АИС), определяемый как совокупность программно-аппаратных средств,
предназначенных для автоматизации деятельности, связанной с
хранением, передачей и обработкой информации.

Скачано с www.znanio.ru

alt: Понятие информационной системы

title: Понятие информационной системы


extracted_text:
Внеклассное мероприятие
«Поле чудес»
 Тема: Лесная аптека.
Цель: познакомить
учащихся с лекарственными растениями, воспитывать любовь к природе, учить
бережному отношению к растениям.
Оборудование:
барабан, карточки со словами, картинки и гербарии лекарственных растений,
аптечные сборы различных трав в упаковках.
Подарки для
награждения участникам игры.
Ход
игры:
1.
Вступление.
   Ведущий:
Сегодня игра посвящена лекарственным растениям нашего края. Мы будем
отгадывать их названия и знакомиться, чем они полезны. Немного истории:
Лекарственные растения использовались в лечебных целях в глубокой древности. До
наших дней дошел афоризм: У врача есть три помощника; слово, растение и нож.
Многим известно также емкое определение медицины, данное знаменитым врачом Древней
Греции Гиппократом «Медицина есть искусство подражать целебному воздействию
природы». Гиппократ считал, что в соках лекарственных растений оптимально
сочетаются органические и минеральные вещества, чудодейственно влияющие на
организм человека. Соки, отвары, настои, принятые внутрь, наружные примочки и
ополаскивания помогают больному организму справиться со многими недугами,
избавиться от страданий.
 Итак,
переходим к игре. Первая тройка игроков.
1
тур.
Ведущий:
Вам предстоит узнать название растения, которое растет почти по всей территории
страны. В качестве лекарственного сырья используют головки, которые собирают в
период цветения и быстро высушивают.   (Клевер).
(После
того как слово отгадано, зачитывается сообщение о клевере).
  Ученик:
Лекарственные препараты, приготовленные из клевера, применяют при бронхитах,
малокровии, отеках. Наружно используют в качестве полосканий при ангине,
прикладывают к ранам. Отваром листьев моют глаза и уши при золотухе.
Рекламная
пауза.
Возьми
столовую ложку
Цветочных
головок.
Залей
их стаканом кипятка,
Остуди
и процеди.
И
четыре раза в день
Потихонечку
всё пей.
2
тур.
Ведущий:
Ранозаживляющие действие листьев этого растения было известно ещё 1000 лет
назад.
(Подорожник).
Ученик:
Кашицу из листьев подорожника прикладывают к потёртостям на ногах, к
ранкам, нарывам, ожогам, отёкам после укусов ос и пчел. Отваром листьев
поласкают полость рта при воспалении дёсен, зубной боли, промывают глаза.
Рекламная
пауза.
Подорожник.
Среди
зеленой травки
Растет
и подорожник
Которым
очень просто
Лечить
ушибы можно.
В
аптеку за лекарством
Бежать
совсем не надо
Когда
само лекарство
Растет
сдорогой рядом.
Приложишь
подорожник
Листочек
каждый годен
Под
листиком зеленым
Любой
ушиб проходит.

3
тур.
Ведущий:
Первый весенний венок плетут из этого очень распространенного растения, которое
цветет до сентября. (Одуванчик).
Ученик:
Богат одуванчик витаминами. В нем есть каротин, соли железа, кальция,
фосфора, калия. Употребляют одуванчик для возбуждения аппетита, понижения
температуры.  Листья очень полезны, их можно квасить как капусту, делать из них
салат, а из цветов одуванчика варить варенье.
Рекламная
пауза.
Одуванчик
придорожный
Был,
как солнце, золотым.
Но
отцвел и стал похожим
На
пушистый белый дым.
Он
летит над теплым лугом
И
над тихою рекой.
Одуванчику,
как другу,
Долго
я машу рукой:
-
Ты неси на крыльях ветра
Золотые
семена,
Чтобы
солнечным рассветом
Возвратилась
к нам весна.

Финал.
Ведущий:
В народе это растение называют дикой рябиной, так как листья его напоминают
рябиновые листья. Желто- золотистая корзиночка цветов. (Пижма).
Ученик:
Внародной медицине пижму используют при желтухе, как жаропонижающее
средство, при бессоннице. Отвар пижмы дают и животным от глистов.
Рекламная
пауза.
Песня
«Сколько в мире есть трав полезных»
(На
мотив песни «Песня про папу»).
1.
Сколько в мире есть трав полезных
Всех их даже не перечесть.
Помогают нам от болезней
Только надо их беречь.
Припев:
Травы могут, травы могут,
Все, что угодно:
Горло лечат, кашель лечат
И ларингит.
Трав полезных, трав полезных
В лесу так много.
Только ты их, только ты их все береги.
 Припев:
2.
Если вдруг заболеет горло.
Ты ромашечки завари.
Если ты засыпаешь плохо.
Валерьяны себе запаси.
3.  Если вдруг ты поранил ногу.
Подорожник скорей приложи.
Если кашляешь слишком долго,
С мать-и-мачехою дружи.

II.   Итог
игры.
       Ведущий:
Как видите, лесная кладовая здоровья открыта для всех. Однако обращаться с её
дарами надо осторожно. Ведь среди привлекательных с виду растений немало
ядовитых. Будьте осторожны. И ещё. Природа щедра и богата, но не навреди ей,
человек! Любуйся, восхищайся гармонией зелёного царства, но только бессмысленно
не губи это диво. Бережно, заботливо, сознательно относись к зелёным друзьям.
Не рви безжалостно ландыши и другие чудесные, редкие творения мира, уже
занесенные в «Красную книгу». Экологическое равновесие в природе нарушено, а
лесной мир так хрупок, так раним и беззащитен!
Игра
со зрителями.
Ведущий:
Этот цветок знают все. Цветет до октября. На нем гадают. (Ромашка).
Ученик:
Настой цветов ромашки употребляют для примочек, компрессов, припарок
при воспалении кожи, десен, фурункулах, при ушибах и нарывах. Делают ванны при
золотухе. Ингаляция паров горячего настоя ромашки помогают при гриппе, при
остром насморке, размятые цветы вкладывают в нос.

Рекламная
пауза.
Ученик:
Знакомые
с детства, родные ромашки
Мы
рвем на лужайке у тихой реки
Как
белые звёзды, средь розовой кашки
Они
развернули свои лепестки.
Вся
в белое наша полянка одета
Качает
цветы ветерок на бегу…
Ромашки!
Ромашки! Я знойного лета
Без
вас и представить себе не могу.

Ведущий: Спасибо всем за
игру. Знайте и берегите лечебные растения своего края!

file_name: Поле чудес Лесная аптека.doc

alt: Внеклассное мероприятие «Поле чудес»

alt: II . Итог игры.

окружающий мир

group: Дисциплины

классное руководство

group: Педагогика

title: Поле чудес "Лесная аптека"


extracted_text:
Հայոց
պատմություն

ՀԱՅ-ՀՌՈՄԵԱԿԱՆ
ՊԱՏԵՐԱԶՄԸ

/Դասարան- 6-րդ
/

Ք.Ստեփանավանի
Վ.Թեքեյանի անվան
6-րդ դպրոցի ուսուցիչ՝
Ն.Միկոյան

Դասարան-
6-րդ
Առարկա-     Հայոց
պատմություն
Թեմա-
ՀԱՅ-ՀՌՈՄԵԱԿԱՆ
ՊԱՏԵՐԱԶՄԸ
Նպատակ -   Իմանա
Տիգրան
II-ի
նվաճումների
մասին
հայ-հռոմեական

                            պատերազմի
ժամանակագրությունը,
առիթը և խոշոր
ճակատամարտերը
                            պետականության
պահպանման
ուղղությամբ
գործադրված
ջանքերը
Կարողանա՝

 գնահատել Տիգրան
II-ի տերության տնտե¬սական
հզորությունը
և

 ռազմաքաղաքական
կշիռը Առաջավոր
Ասիայում, վերլուծել

Տիգրանակերտի
    ճակատամարտում
Մեթոդ -      Հարցազրույց,
քննարկում,  դասախոսություն,
գծակարգ
Կահավորում-
գիրք   , տետր,    քարտեզ
Դասի ընթացք-
.Նախորդ դասի հարցում,
հարցազրույց, քննարկում
                             .Տնային
աշխատանքների
ստուգում
     քարտային
աշխատանքներ
                                      /     Գծակարգի
կազմում   /
                                         Տիգրան
 2-ի   նվաճումները

Տիգրան II-ի
  տերության սահմանները

Տիգրան II-ի
  տերության մեջ
  էին մտնում

Տիգրան II-ի
  գերիշխանությունն
  էին ընդունում

Տերության
  տնտեսապես ամենազարգացած
  շրջանը

նավահան
  գստային քաղաքները

մայրա
քաղաք

.Առանձին
աշակերտներին
տրվող քարտեր
1.Տիգրան II-ի
տերության սահմանները_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________:
2.Քանի լեզվով
էին խոսում տերության
ներսում___________________________________________:
3.Տերության
մայրաքաղաքը_____________________________________________________________:

1.Երբ է կառավարել
Տիգրան 2-րդը_______________________________________________________:
2.Որ նահանգում
է գտնվել մայրքաղաք
Տիգրանակերտը____________________________________:
3.
Տիգրան II-ի գերիշխանությունն
էին ընդունում__________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________:

1.
Տիգրան II-ի տերության
մեջ էին մտնում_______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________:
2.Հայ-պոնտական
դաշինք______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________:

1.Երբ Ծոփքը
միացվեց Մեծ Հայքին______________________________________________:
2.
Տերության
նավահանգստային
քաղաքները____________________________________________:
3.
Տիգրան II-ի տերության
սահմանները_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________:
 . գրատախտակի
մոտ մի քանի աշակերտ
կներկայացնեն
Արտաշեսյան արքայատոհմի
արքայացանկը

.աշխատանք
քարտեզի հետ
.Կարճ  դասախոսություն
-
                         ՀԱՅ-ՀՌՈՄԵԱԿԱՆ
ՊԱՏԵՐԱԶՄ

                 Ք.ա. 69-67թթ
Ք.ա.66թ.
                 Լուկուլլոս
Պոմպեոս
 .քննարկում
Հնարավո՞ր
էր արդյոք խուսափել
պատերազմից, եթե
Տիգրան Մեծը Հռոմին
հանձներ Միհրդատ
Եվպատորին: Ինչո՞ւ:
ՆՈր ՀԱՍԿԱՑՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵր, ԱՆՈՒՆՆԵր
 •  Լուկուլլոս • Կայծակնային պատերազմ • Մանկայոս • Մեհրուժան

.Առանձին
աշակերտներին
տրվող քարտեր

Տիգրան II-ի
  տերության սահմանները

Տիգրան II-ի
  տերության մեջ
  էին մտնում

Տիգրան II-ի
  գերիշխանությունն
  էին ընդունում

Տերության
  տնտեսապես ամենազարգացած
  շրջանը

նավահան
  գստային քաղաքները

մայրա
քաղաք

1.Տիգրան II-ի տերության սահմանները_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-:
2.Քանի լեզվով էին խոսում տերության ներսում___________________________________________________:
3.Տերության մայրաքաղաքը_____________________________________________________________________:

1.Երբ է կառավարել Տիգրան 2-րդը_______________________________________________________________:
2.Որ նահանգում է գտնվել մայրքաղաք Տիգրանակերտը____________________________________________:
3. Տիգրան II-ի գերիշխանությունն էին ընդունում___________________________________________________:
______________________________________________________________________________________________:

1. Տիգրան II-ի տերության մեջ էին մտնում_________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________-:
2.Հայ-պոնտական դաշինք_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________:

1.Երբ Ծոփքը միացվեց Մեծ Հայքին______________________________________________________________:
2. Տերության նավահանգստային քաղաքները_____________________________________________________:
3. Տիգրան II-ի տերության սահմանները_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________:

1..Հայ-պոնտական դաշինք_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________:
2.Տիգրան II-ի տերության մեջ էին մտնում_________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________-:
3.Տերության մայրաքաղաքը_____________________________________________________________________:

Տիգրան II-ի
  տերության սահմանները

Տիգրան II-ի
  տերության մեջ
  էին մտնում

Տիգրան II-ի
  գերիշխանությունն
  էին ընդունում

Տերության
  տնտեսապես ամենազարգացած
  շրջանը

նավահան
  գստային քաղաքները

մայրա
քաղաք

file_name: Հայ հռոմեական պատերազմ.docx

alt: Հայոց պատմություն ՀԱՅ-ՀՌՈՄԵԱԿԱՆ ՊԱՏԵՐԱԶՄԸ / Դասարան- 6-րդ / Ք.Ստեփանավանի Վ.Թեքեյանի անվան 6-րդ դպրոցի ուսուցիչ՝ Ն.Միկոյան

alt: - ՀԱՅ-ՀՌՈՄԵԱԿԱՆ ՊԱՏԵՐԱԶՄ Ք.ա. 69-67թթ Ք.ա.66թ. Լուկուլլոս Պոմպեոս .քննարկում Հնարավո՞ր էր արդյոք խուսափել պատերազմից, եթե Տիգրան Մեծը Հռոմին հանձներ Միհրդատ Եվպատորին: Ինչո՞ւ: ՆՈր ՀԱՍԿԱՑՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵր ,…

alt: II-ի տերության սահմանները Տիգրան

title: Հայ-հռոմեական պատերազմներ


extracted_text:
Сочинение
«Айфон»
Мама
купила мне на день рождения телефон. Теперь я звоню маме, а мама звонит мне.
Как здорово, что люди придумали телефон!
Купаев
Амир 1 «А класс»

file_name: Амир  СОЧИНЕНИЕ-НАУКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ 2021.docx

title: Сочинение "Наука и технология" (Купаев Амир, слабослышащее отделение, 1 класс)